The annual register

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THE

ANNUAL REGISTER,

OR A VIEW OF THE

HISTORY

AND

POLITICS

OF THE YEAR

184 6.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR F. & J. RIVINGTON ;

I'ONOMAN AND CO.; J. M. RICHARDSON; HAMILTON AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND
CO.; SHERWOOD AND CO.; J. RODWELL ; HOULSTON AND STONEMAN ;
0. LAWFORD; J. DOWDING ; J. BUMPUS; COWIE AND CO.; CAPES AND
SON; SMITH. ELDER AND CO.; H. WASHBOURNE ; H. O. BOHN; WALLER
AND SON; J. OREEN; J. THOMAS; L. BOOTH; W. J. CLEAVER; AND O.
ROUTLEDOE.

1847.

XX\ 3

^^ "^is

LOlTDOVt
GEORGE WOODFALL AND SON,

ANOSL COURT, IKINNBIt STRICT.

D
X

'\3 ,.

COXT EJi*^'

CHAPTER L

lag EyenU of the Year 1845 — Sudden Digsolution of Sir R. P
Temmectt — Cau&es of that Events— Failure of the Potato Crop^D
RuBsell is aeDt for by the Queen — Unsuccessful Attempt of that Nobleman
to fonn a Cabin et^ — 8ir R. Peel returns to Office in the new character of
an Opponent to the Com Laws— Examination of his Conduct and Motives
in this juncture — Lord Stanley resigns the Secretaryship for the Colonien,
and is succeeded by Mr. W. K Gladstone — Great interest attending the
Assembling of Parliament— It is opened on the 19th of January by the
Queen in person — Her Majesty's Speech — Debates on the Address — In the
Bouse of Lords it is moved by Lord Howe, and seeonded by Lord De Ros
— It is then put by the Lord Chancellor^ and declared to be carried — The
Ihike of Richmond makes some severe observations on the Conduct of the
Oovcmment — He is answered by the Duke of Wellin^on — Remarks of
Lord Stanley, Lord Hardwicke, the Marquis of I^nsdowue, Lord Brongham,
Lord Radnor, and other Peers— In the House of Commons Lord Francis
Egerton moyes the Address in an able and impressive Speech, in which he
opens the suhiect of the Com Laws — He b seconded by Mr. Beckett
I>eni4on~-'8ir R. Peel enters into a full explanation of the Reasons and
Mptiyes of his change of Policy, and of the circumstances attending the
retirement of his Cabinet from Office and their retnni to it — Lord John
Itua«eU then makes a full statement of the part which he had taken in
lh« recent Transactions, and the results of his Interviews i^^th the Queen
on the difierent occasions when he bad been consulted by Her Majesty,
with the Correspondence which had taken placta — Mr. Disraeli follows
with some severe animadversions on Sir Robert PeeFs conduct — I^tr. Miles
and Colonel Sibthorp follow on the same side — The Address is carried
without a Diyision — On the 2fJtb the Duke of Wellington states in the
House of Lords the Reasons which had induced the Govemmeut U> resigni
and afterwards to return to Office — Remarks of the Duke of Buckingham,
who declares his Opposition to the Ministerial Policy — Speech of the Miir-

?ub of Lansdowne, explaining his Abandonment of the Principle of a
lied Duty— Further statement of recent Transactions by the Duke of^H
Wellington — Observations of Lord Radnor, the Duke of Kichmnnd, Lor^l^H
Beaumont, the Earl of Aberdeen, and other Peers on the same subject ^^

Page [I '

CHAPTER n.

8ir Robert Peel explams his great Scheme of proposed Measures for the
Relaxation of Duties on the ^7th of Januai^—Hys able and com^ifiWw-
«ye Speech on that occasion — Heceptioii of the Scheme, &.ud commetvXa ol

iv CONTENTS.

various Members upon it — Strong opposition is declared by some of the
usual Supporters of the Qovemment — Further discussion is adjourned to
the 9th of February — Mr. P. Miles moves an Amendment that the House

fo into Committee on that Day Six Months, which is seconded by Sir W.
[eathcote — ^The Debate is carried on bv repeated Adjournments for
Twelve Nights — Forty-eight Members speak in favour of Free Trade, and
Fifty-five on the side of Protection— Speeches of Lord Sandon, Lord John
Eussell, Sir Robert Inglis, Mr. Sidney Herbert, Mr. Stafford O^Brien, Mr.
Sharman Crawford, the Marauis of Qranby, Lord Worslev, Sir James
Qraham, Mr. Thomas Baring, Viscount Morpeth, Mr. M. Gaskell, Mr. Roe-
buck, Sir Howard Douglas, Mr. W. Miles, Sir Robert Peel, Lord John
Manners, Mr. Bright, Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Cardwell, Mr. Thomas Duncombe,
Sir Thomas Acland, Sir George Clerk, Mr. Beckett Denison, Mr. Yilliers,
Mr. Cobden, and Lord George Bentinck — On a Division the Motion of Sir
Robert Peel is carried, the Amendment of Mr. P. Miles being rejected by
337 against 240 [29

CHAPTER IIL

The House of Commons goes into Committee on Sir Robert Peel's Resolutions
on the 2nd of March — Mr. YiUiers moves as an Amendment, That all
Duties on Imported Com should cease — ^Division of Parties on this Pro-
positions-Speeches of Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Russell — The
Amendment is lost b^ a Majority of 187 — ^Debate on the Second Reading
of the Com Bill contmued by a^oumment for four nights — Mr. £. Torke,
seconded by Sir John Tarde Bullei; moves an Amendment for the rejection
of the Bill---Speech of Sir Robert Peel in answer to the Attacks made upon
him — ^The Amendment is lost, and the Second Reading is carried by a
Majority of 88 — Further Debates on the Corn Bill in the House of Com-
mons— The Third Reading is moved on the 11th of May by Sir James
Graham, and is carried by 327 to 229, after an animated IJebate — ^The
Corn Bill is discussed in the House of Lords, on the Motion for a Second
Reading, on the 25th of May — Speeches of the £arl of Ripon, the Duke of
Richmond, Earl Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Cleveland, the Marquis of Lon-
donderry, Lord Stanley, Lord Brougham, the Earl of Wilton, the Duke of
Cambridge, the Marquis of Normanby, Earl Grey, Marjjuis of Lansdowne,
the Earls of Dalhousie, Clarendon, Carnarvon, Haddington, Hardwicke,
and the Duke of Wellington — On a Division there appear for the Second
Reading (including Proxies) 211 ; against it 164 ; Majority, 47 — Various
Amendments are moved in Committee, by tne Duke of Buckingham, the
Earl of Wicklow, and Lord Ashburton, which, after much discussion, are
rejected by considerable Majorities — ^The Duke of Richmond opposes the
Third Reaaing by an Amendment, which is subsequently withdnwn, and
the Bill is passed [69

CHAPTER IV.

Customs Bill — Discussions in the House of Commons upon various Articles
in the New Tariff — Mr. Plumptre opposes the Reduction of Duty on Hops
— After some Debate, his Motion is negatived by a Majority of 47 — ^Mr.
George Bankes moves the omission of articles of Silk Manufacture —
Remarks of Mr. W. Ellis, Mr. Brocklehurst, Mr. Hawes, Lord George Ben-
tinck, Sir Robert Peel, and Mr. Disraeli — Mr. Bankes*s Motion is rejected
bj 220 to 114 — ^Afr. W, Thompeon opposes tVie ^^dwo^oiv otl Foiei^

CONTENTS.

I

Spirits — Alter a short Discuation, the Amendment is negutived — Mr. W.
Miles moves an AmeDdment for exempting Live Animals from Reduction
of Duty — A dofiultory Debate takes place, which ends in a Division in
f»TMtr of the Government by a Majority of 30 — TimV^er Duties — The
Marquis of Worcester leads the oppoiition against the proposed Scale^
Remarks of Mr. H. Hinde, Mr. Car dwell, Mr, A. Chapman, Mr. G. Palmer,
Mr, Warbtirton, Mr. Hurae, Lord George Bentinck, Sir George Clerk^ and
Mr. C BuDer^ — The Resolution is at&nned on a Division, by a Jtajority of
123 — On the Third Heading of tho Customs Bill b<jing moved, I^rd George
Bentinck moves that it be read a third time on that day s^ix months — lie
i« answered by the Chancellor of the Exchequer — Speecbea of Mr, G.
Bankes, Mr. Hawes, Mr. Plumptre, Mr. Hudson, and other meml^ers —
UiKi Gtforgc Bentinck withdraws his Amendment, and the Bill u pasted
—Debate on the Second Reading in the Hoose of Lords on the 4th of
June — Lord Dalhoui«ie introduces the measure— The Duke of Richmond
taovet that it be read a second time on that day six months^ — Speeches of
th« Earl of Wicklow, Lord AsJiburton, and Lord Monteagle, after which
the Bill ia read a second time without a Division — The Duke of Richmond,
on going into Committee, moves that Counsel be heard aguinnt the
Reduction of the Silk Dutiea — The Earl of DalhouBie opposes the motion,
Mcondad bj Lord Ellenhorough and the Duke of Wellington — Lord
Bnmgbttm supports it — It in negatived by 78 to 74 — I^rd Stanley
oppoNS the Reauction of the Timber Duties, but without succoss-^Other
Amendments are proposed and negatived — The Bill is road a third time,
»ftf"T' sTi Iti effectual opposition by the Duke of Richmond — The Budget^ —
Tf ItuT of the Exchequer makes his Financial Statement on the

2f)^ ! y ^Various Co in meuts upon it by Li:>rd ^cvirge Bentinck, Mr.

Charles Wood, Mr. Hume^ Mr. Hudson^ and other members . . [00

CHAPTER V.

Ireland — Prevalence of Assassination and Outrages in that country — Lord
St. Germans introduces a Bill in the House of Lords for the Protection of
Life in Ireland— U is Speech on moving the second reading— Speeches of
the Marqiii* of liansdowne, l^ord Brougham, the Marquis of Clanricarde,
and other Peers — The Bill is read a second time, and amended tn Com-
mittee— It ii intro*iuced in the House of Commons by Sir James Graham
on the 30th of ^ilaich — It is vigorously opposed on tho Motion for tho first
reading — S|^>ecche« of Sir W, Somerville, Mr. Smith O'Brien, Mr, Shaw,
*Mr. O'Connell, and Lord George Bentinck — Sir James Graham states the
nature and objects of the Measure — The Debate is prolonged by the
opposition of Irish and other Members, and is repeiitedly adjourned —
Speeches of various Members for and against the Bill- — A Divisiuu at
_tb takes place, and the Bill is read a first time hy 274 to i2r> — The

Dtc«t is renewed on the Motion for the second reading, which is moved

im the 9th of June — Reasoun of the delay — The discussit^n is continued by
numerous Ailiournmetits, from the 9th to the Soth of June^Sclections
fftirit V II iriiis Speeches — Sir W. Somerville moves an AmenJmeut that the
Bi i a second time that day six monthji — Mr. Brrnal seconds the

Ati t— speeches of the Earl of Lincoln, Mr. M, J. O'Connell, Lord

GaofKe BentincK, Mr. Sidney Herbert, Mr. Hawcs, Lord F, Egerton, Mr,
OfktqQhcmn, Lord John Russell, Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Roebuck, Lotd S.
irinem, Sir Jnmett Omham, Mr. Labouchere, Mr. Stafford O^Bmu,\iai^
wport, Mr. Hume, Mr. SLiel, the Solicitor-Geueral, tVve 'Nlw^^xna ^^

vi CONTENTS.

Chandos, Mr. Newdegate, and Mr. Oobden— On a Division, 292 vote
aeainst the second reading and 219 for it — Coincidence of the defeat of
Ministers, and the passing of the Com Bill in the House of Lords —
News arrives from America of the Settlement of the Oregon Question
— Resignation of Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet — ^The announcement is made
by the Duke of Wellington in the House of Lords on the 29th of June
— ^Lord Brougham adverts to the Oregon Question — Statement of the
Earl of Aberdeen — On the same evening Sir Robert Peel declares his
Resignation of Office in the House of Commons — His Speech on that
occasion — Remarks of Lord Palmerston and Mr. Hume [123

CHAPTER VL

Formation of Lord John Russell's Administration — Programme of the prin-
cipal Offices — The new Ministers vacate their seats, and are elected with
scarcely any opposition — ^Debate in the House of Commons on the policy
of the new Qovemment — Observations of Mr. Evelyn Denison upon its
construction — Mr. T. Duncombe urges Lord John Russell to make an ex-

3 licit statement of the principles on which he is prepared to act —
»eech of Lord John Russell in answer — Remarks of Mr. B. Osborne,
r. B. Escott, Mr. Wakley. Mr. Newdegate, Mr. Ward. Mr. Horsman,
and other Members — The Suffar Duties — ^Temporary Bills for their con-
tinuance.— Lord John Russdl proposes Resolutions for a permanent
Settlement of the Question on the 20t^ of July — ^Details of nis plan —
Remarks of Mr. Ooulbum, Lord George Bentinck, and Mr. Hume — ^The
Debate is adjourned to the 27th of July — On the Motion that the
House go into Conmiittee on the Resolutions, Lord Qeorge Bentinck
proposes an Amendment hostile to the Ministerial Scheme— Speeches
of Lord George Bentinck, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert
Inglis, Lord Sandon, Mr. G. Berkeley, Sir J. Hogg, Sir Robert Peel, Sir
T. Acland, Mr. P. Miles, Mr. Borthwick, the Marouis of Granby, Mr.
Hume, Mr. Bemal, Mr. E. Denison, Mr. Barclay, Mr. Disraeli, and Lord
John Russell — ^The Amendment is rejected by 265 to 135— Various
Amendments on the Resolutions are proposed and withdrawn — ^The
Earl of Clarendon moves the First Reading of the 3111 in the House
of Lords — Lord Stanley moves that the Bill be read a first time that day
three months— ;Lord Denman and Lord Brougham speak against the Bill
on Anti-Slavery grounds — ^The Marquis of Lansdowne, &rl Grey, and
other noble Lords support it, and the First Reading is carried without
a Division — The Second Reading is opposed by the Bishop of Oxford,
who moves an Amendment, which is seconded by the Bishop of London
— The Marquis of Lansdowne vindicates the Measure, ana the Bill is
affirmed on a Division by 28 to 10 [161

CHAPTER VIL

Miscellaneous Measures — ^The Government propose to renew the Ldsh
Arms Bill — ^Dissatisfaction excited by this announcement — Explanation
of the Secretary for Ireland — Debate on the Second Reading— Remarks
of Mr. Labouchere, Mr. Hume, Mr. B. Escott Mr. B. Osborne, Mr. T.
Duncombe, and other Members — Lord Morpeth and Lord John Russell
intimate a willingness to make concessions — ^The Second Reading is car-
rJed by a majority of 33 — On a subsequent evening Lord John RuBsell

CONTENTS.

ftADounces the detenamiitioii of the QoverDnient to ab&ndon tbe Measurfr^
— I)iAtTeBB in Ireland occasioned by the reciuring failure of the Potato
Crop — liord John Rusaell proposes a measure for the employment of
the oopulation in Public Works — Explanation of the Minis texial Scheme
in detail — Remarks of Mr. I), Browne, Mr, Williams^ Mr, Labouchere,
the Earl of Lincoln, and other Members — The Public Works Bill passes
the CTommons, and is Introduced in the House of Lords by the ^larquis
of LanBdowne-^peeches of Lord I^Iontcaglej the Earl of Wicklow, and
other Peers — Declaration of Lord Laasdowne respecting out- door relief —
Further discnssiona in Parliament respecting the impending scarcity in
' Ireland — Speeches of the Earls of Kqden and Clarendon, and of Mr, Dillon
Browne and Mr. Labouchere — Flogging in the Army and Military Reform
— ^Tendency of public opinion on tnis subject — Captain Layard moves an
Address to the Crown praying for an Inq^uiry, witn a view to limiting the
period of enlistment — His Speech on moving the Address — Speeches
of Mr. Fox Maule and other Members — The Motion is postponed^ — An
^ order La issued firom the Commander-in-Chief limiting the Sentences of
Courts Martial to fifty laahes — Lord John RubsgU makes a statement
upon the subject — Dr. Bowring moyea a Resolution in favour of the
total abolition of tiogging — ^Speeches of CkptAin Layard, Mr. B. Osborne,
Colonel Peel, Colonel Reid, Mr. Wakley, Mr. Fox Maule^ and other Mem-
bers— Dr, Bowring^s Motion is rejected by a large majority — Statement of
the Duke of Welhngton in the House of Lords on the subject of the recent
order — Oocupation of Cracow by the Austrian Government — ^Lord Beau-
mont tnoyes for papers relating thereto— Speeches of the Marquis of Lans-
downe, Lord Kinnaird^ and tbe Duke of Wellington — Mr. Hume makes a
Bixnilar ^lotion in the Houie of Commons — Speeches of Mr. ^lilnes and
of Lord Palmeraton — Sees of St, Asaph and Baogor — Earl Powia brings
in a Bill to rescind the proposed union — Debate on the Second Reading
— Ear) Grey and the Marquis of Lansdowne oppose the Bill, which is sup-
ported by the Bishops of Bangor and Ozfora, and other Peers — The Bill
iM carrieo, but withdrawn in the House of Commons by Lord Clive, upon
a statement of the intention of Government — Debates on Poor Law
topics — Law of Settlement altered — The Kew Local Court^i Bill — Parlia-
ment is prorogued by Commission on the 28th of August — The Royal
3peechr— Eeliectionfi on the Session of 184U . . . . . [193 ,

CHAPTER VIIL

A3fci. — Election of President and Vice-Presidents of tlio Cliamber of
Deputies — Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne in the Chamber
<if Peer* — ^Discussion on the Address—Speeches of M. Charles Dupin, M.
Dnbotiebage, Marquis de Boissy, and M. Guissot — Address carried in the
Chamber of Peers — Answer from the King— Address in the Chamber of
Deputies — Debate thereon — Speeches of MM. Come, Peyramont, Duchfite!
IhiTergier d'Hauranne, GaapariUt Thiers, and Ouizot — Discussion on the
■epar&le pftragraphfl — Amendment proposed by M. Isambert rejected —
Amendment of M. Berry er — Speeches of M. Berry er and M. Guizot —
Amendment lost^ — Amendment proposed by M. de Remusat — Speeches of
M. de Remusat^ M. Thiers, and M. Qaizot — Amendment rejected — Amend-
ment of M. Billault — Speeches of M. Billault and M, Peyramont — Amend-
ment lost — ^\jnendment8 proposed by ^IM, Aylies, Dangeville, and
Billault — Speeches thereon, and adoption of the two latter — Paragraph
relating to Poland — Speeches of M. Lamartine and M, Quiiot — A&x^iA
named in the Chamber of Deputies — Answer from th^ ^iLtL W ^^

Addn>99 yaa

CONTENTS.

Mexico — ^History of the Annexation of Texas to the States of the Union —
Causes which led to the declaration of war against Mexico— Narratiye of
the successes of the American army — Question of letters of marque and
reprisal issued by the Mexican QoTemment — Spanish privateers to be
treated as pirates — Report of the Secretaiy of we Treasury — ^Proposed
Loan — ^New Tariff Bill — Question of Protection Duties — ^Act for the
'' better organization of the Treasury''— Goyemment of the Oregon
territory — Report of the Secretaiy of the Nayy— Report of the Postmaster
General. Mexico. — Reyolution and oyerthrow of General Herrera —
General Paredes becomes President of the Republic — Refusal of the
Mexican Goyemment to receive the American Minister — The latter de-
mands his passport — ^War between Mexico and the United States— Santa
Anna — General Taylor advances against Matamora»— Battles of Pala
Alto, and Resaca de la Palma — I^&tamoras evacuated by the Mexican
troops under General Arista- Blockade of the Mexican coast by the
American fleet — AdTance of the American forces into the Interior —
Appearance of Santa Anna in Mexico— Revolution and overthrow of
General Paredes — Manifesto by Santa Anna— Capture of the city of
Monterey by the American army under General Taylor— Surrender of
Tampico. The BRAzii4i. — Opening of the Legislative Chambers, and
Speech of the Emperor. Rio db i^ Plata. — Despatch £rom M. Guizot
detailing ^unds for English and French interference in the war against
Monte video— Combined operations of English and French against
General Rosas, and gallant action in forcing the passage of the river
Parana in November 1845 — Continuance of the siege of Monte Video [330

CHAPTER XIV.

India. — Retreat of the Sikhs accross the Sutlej — Proclamation by the
Governor-General — ^The Sikhs a^ain cross the Sutlej — Manoeuvres of the
Troops under the command of Sir Harry Smith — Battle of Aliwal —
General order issued by Sir Henry Hardinse — Fortified entrenchments of
the Sikhs at Sobraon — ^Attack by the British Forces, and battle of Sobraon
— Decisive victory gained over the Sikhs — Our Troops cross the Sutlej,
and advance towards Lahore — Proclamation issued by the Governor-
General at Kussoor — Proceedings of the Lahore Durbar — Interview
between Sir Henry Hardinge and the Sirdars deputed from the Durbar —
Terms of Peace agreed upon— Meeting between the Maharajah and Sir
Henry Hardinge at Lulleeana — The British Troops arrive at the Capital —
Occupation of the Citadel — General Order issued by Sir Henry Hardinge —
Treaty of Peace between the British and Lahore Governments, signed on
the 8th of March — Independent Sovereignty created for R^'ah Gholab
Singh — Separate Treaty with him — Terms of Occupation of Lahore by
British Troops — Reflections on the close of the Campaign — Refusal of
Sheik Enam-ood-deen to acknowledge the supremacy of Rajah Gholab
Singh — Movements in consequence, and intervention of a British Force —
Disclosures made by Enam-ood-deen — Deposition and expulsion of Rajah
Gholab Singh from the Punjaub — Application from the Lahore Durbar for
British protection — Articles of Agreement .... [355

CHAPTER XV.

Cakaba — Opening of the Session of the Canadian Parliament by the Earl
of Cathc&ri — I^ib Speech on the occasion — Address moved in the Legis-

CONTENTS.

XI

^, ^__ttbly — AjQendmeBt propoeed by Mr. Baldwin — AUrm excited

IB 0Mia4m cm aeoount of the Free-Tnide Measures of the Bntisb GoYdrn-
ment — Address on the subject tranBnutted to England by the Legialatiye
Asaembly^ — Prorogation of the Provincial Parliament, and Speech of Lord
Cathcait. Nova Scotia. — LegislatiTe Session opened by Lord Falkland —
His Speech— Close of the Session, Bobiceo. — Account of Mr, Brooke's
enterprising fojage to Bomeo-^His arrival at Sarawak — Reception by
Muda Hussim — Ue assists the Rajah against his rebellious subjects —
Mr. Brooke becomes Rajah of Sarawak — His visit to the capital of Borneo
— Arrival of H.M.S* i>Kfo, under Captain Keppel — ^Successftil operations
against Pirates — Interview of Mr. Brc>oke with the Sultan of Borneo —
Arrival of Admiral Sir Thoma^s Cochrane in O. M. S. Agincourt* — Successful
Bxpedition against Pirates in MaluduBiiy — Hostile conduct of the Sultan
of Borneo — Attack by Sir Thomas CJochrane upon Brand, the capital of
Borneo — Capture of the place — Unsuccessful attempt to take the Sultan
pdsoner by an Expedition into the Interior. New Zeai^ind* — Captain
Fitaroy'a defence of his conduct before he left Auckland — Legislative
Council summoned by the new Governor, Captain Grey — Hii5 Speech —
Active measures against the hostile Chiefs— Successful attack by Colonel
Detpard upon the Pah of Kawiti — Submisdon of the Chiefs, and free
paraon granted by Qovemor Qrey . ' [374

CHRONICLE.

KTBXTi

Page 1

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

Page

The MnnBTKT, as it stood at the
period of Sir Robert Peel's

Reeignation 205

The MunBTET, a* formed by the
L Right Hon. Lord John Russell 206
r SHXRirPB for the year 1846 ''^ "

' BlUTHS , .

Marriaoib

DCATHS . »

PaoMOTioife

207
209
218
233
316

TRIALS, LAW CASES, <fec.

' Trial of Pierre Lecomte, for an
attempt to asBassinate Louis
Philippe^ King of the French 334
Northern Circuit — Marriage with
a deoeai^ wife's sister — ^Trial
of John Chad wick for bigamy 340
Middlesex Seesions^-^Mai^ Eliza-
beth Smith v. Washington;
Earl Ferren — Breach of Pro-
mise ^ Idmrnage 349

Pft««
Norwich — ^Trial of Samuel Yar-
ham for murder — The Yai^
mouth Miu-der . » * . . 363
Berwick-upon-Tweed — Trial of
Jane Thomson— The Berwick
Bank Bobbery 371

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

FlNi^HOB AcCOUWTi POa TBB TZAR
1846.

I. Public Income 376

IL Public Expenditure ... 378

III. Disposition of Grants . . 379

IV. Unfunded Debt , ... 389
V, Public Funded Debt ... 390

VL Trade and Navigation , . 392
List of Acta, Public and Private

passed during Session 1B46 . 395

Prices of Stock 421

Average Prices of Corn, Hay,

B^^Yt, and Butcheitf M«sat . Aa^

Xll

CONTENTS.

Page
Tables of Mortality, BankrupU,

and Meteorology 483

University Honours — Oxford . 424

Cambridj^ 426

The Com and Customs' I>utie8
referred to in Sir Robert Peel's
Speech on the 27th January . 428
The Broad and Narrow Qauge—
Extracts from the Report of
the Commissioners .... 435

STATE PAPER.
Treaty between Her Migesty and

I
the United States of America
for the Settlement of the Ore-
gon Boundary

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVER]
Extractsfromthe Transactkms
of the Royal Astronomical
Society, relating to theDis-
coyery of the new Planets
Astrsoa and Neptune . . .

Patents

POETBY

Ivpxz

I

THE

ANNUAL REGISTER,

FOR THE YEAR
1846.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAPTER I.

of the Year X^V^^Sudden Diisolutwn of Sir R Ped'B

of that Evtnh — Failure of the Potato Crop —

[Lard John EuMfll is sent for htf the Qusen — Unsuccessful Attempt of

^that Nobleman to form a Cahinst—Sir R, Peel returns to Ojfice in

the new character of an Opponent to the Corn Laws - Examination

of his Conduct and Motives in thk juncture — Lord Stanley resigns

the Secretaryship for the Colonies, and u siiccet'd^ed by Mr. W. E,

\Oladstone — GrecU ifUerest attmdinf^ the AMemhlintj of Parliament

I — It is opetted on the l^th of January by the Queen in person-^

\ller Majesty s Speech — Debates on the Address — In the House of

I Lords it is moved by Lord Howe, and seconded by Lord De lios —

It is ti^efi put by the Lord Chancellor, and declared to be carried —

)TA# Dnke rf Richmond makes mmr sere re observations on the Conduct

iof the Government — -He is answered by the Duke of Wellington^Re'

Vmarks of Lord Stanley, Lord Hardwickct the Marquis of Lansdownet

\Lord Bronyham, Lord It4idnor, and other Peers — In the House of

] CfTtnmons Ijord Francis Eyerton moves the Address in an able and

iimpressive Speech, in which he opens the subject of the Com Laws —

if se€ond^'d by Mr, Beckett Ihnison — Sir B, Peel enters into a

', txj^lanution of the Beoions and Motives of his change of Policy,

] of the circujnstances attendiny the rttirement of his Cabinet from

lOffice and their return to it^—Lord John Bu^ttell then wakes a full

' statemtfU of the part which he had taJien in the recent Transactions^

and the residt^ of his Interviews with the Queen on the differ twX (Ml-

WW eoHstiited

LXXXVIIL

[B]

Majestif

2]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EngU^ni.

respondence which had taken place — Mr, Duraeli follows with some
severe animadversions on Sir Robert Peels conduct— Mr. Miles and
Colonel Sibthorp follow on the same side — The Address is carried
without a Division — On the ^Qth the Duke of Wellington states in
the House of Lords the Reasons which had induced the Government
to resign, and afterwards to return to Office ^Remarks of the Duke
of Buckingham, who declares his Opposition to the Ministerial Policy
— Speech of the Marquis of Larisdawne, explaining his Abandonment
of the Principle of a Fixed Dutg — Further statement of recent Trans-
actions by the Duke of Wellington — Observations of Lord Radnor, the
Duke of Richmond, Lord Beaumont, the Et^rl of Aberdem, and other
Peers on the same subject.

THE close of the year 1845
was signalized by political
events of the most unexpected
and startling character. During
a period of the most complete re-
pose in the political woiid, while
the Peel Ministry was to outward
appearance in the very noontide
of its prosperous career, holding
a position fortified at once by the
favour of the Crown and large
majorities in both Houses of Par-
liament) suddenly and without a
blow that Bitx)ng Government was
dissolved, and the foundation on
which it had rested irretrievably
destroyed. The news that Sir R.
Peel and hid colleagues had aV
dicated their power excited, both
among the adherents and oppo«
nents of their jW)licy> the most
lively embtions of surprise and cu*
rio8ity> while it forcibly brought
home to all minds the insecurity
and changefulnest of political
combinations. The event to which
such important consequences were
attributed, grav^ and serioua as it
has since proved to be, was at that
time by no means appreciated as
adequate vn importance to the
effects it had produced. The ap-
pearance y>f an extensive disease
ih die potato crops in various parti
of the United Kingdom^ though
FBgaMled as a serious calamity to
^bo po4»'er ti&aooB, especially in

Ireland, was scarcely deemed a
satisfactory solution for the wreck
of one of the most powerful Cabi-
nets of modem times. Tet it soon
transpired that it was in this appa-
rently insignificant cause that Sir
R. Peel had found the necessity of
his retirement fVom office. In the
fiace of the alarming prospect pre-
sented to his mind by the destruc-
tion of a large portion of the staple
food of the labouring population,
his resolution to maintain the ex*
isting Com Laws gave way, and
his secession trnm power was the
consequence. In the latter part
of November Cabinet Ootmeilsnad
been held very freq^vsntly, and it
had transpired that the svibjeot of
their numerous deliberations was
connected with the great question
of the restrictions on food. The
leading transsvctiofis of Ihia period
will be found recorded in ^e ac-
count afterw^ds given by Sir R.
Peel in his place in ParKament;
it will be sufficient to say Irare,
by way of introductiett> that after
much discussion and mnck differ-
ence of opinion in the Cabinet,
the conclusion was adopted by the
Prime Itini^ter and hit ooUeagues
to tender their resig&at&ons to the
Queen. They were aeeepted ac-
cordingly, and the same channels
of intelligence whidi annoimeed
the retrnment of the Oonaervnitive

rntoeut eon fey Oil also the fact

Lord John Russell had heen

for, and had received Jler

pty*s comrDAnds to form a Go-

0otit, The coramission w§ls

jptly undertaken by that no-

^, but it was not long before

underBtood that serious dif*

impeded the new arran^e-

Diaseosions and jealonsio^

itipposed to exist ft in on nr tlie

is to the vacant ofliced,

iderable doubt prevailed

y judicious members of

body» whether it eoiir

friih the true policy of their

to undertake at the exii^t-

wne ao hazardous aa en-

as the formation of a

ent committed to an al-

^Q in the Com Laws in the

' A very powerful opposition,

m Parliament ami in the

After eonsiderahle delay

ueh fruitless negotiution the

t va3 found impracticahlo,

rd John Russell announced

to the Queen. The

fttive wbiel) the cireuui-

the country now ren-

pOHslble was the rcAinnption

c by Sir E. Peel ; but in the

character which bis recent

lous bad obhgcd him to os-

ai the instrument of a fun*

change in that pohey of

he hmi ao long beeo the

^t champion and supporter*

Ik more repugnant to the

[9 of tmj etatcsman poese^s-

19 leBat filiare of iitensitivc

; ean hanlly he conceived

that wiueh the restored

^ was about to undertake.

If and miftrepresontation —

of friends, the re*

lea of former supportena, the

and taunts of his oppononta,

Reri6c€ of consistency, the

Itrntton <xf cfi repeated and

recorded convictioa»> the abdica-
tion of a position which had been
achieved with so much industry
and maintained with such dis-
tinguished fortune — these were
the terms upon which Sir R. Peel
prepared to resume the coveted
but unenviable functions of First
Minister of the Crown, To this
must he added, that while the
burdens and vexations of office
were so great, the temptations
which it offered were little calcu-
late<l to seduce the most cxjvetous
or ftmbitioui3 aspirant for power.
It wa3 rcBumed notoriously and
avowedly for a a ingle purpose —
the accomplislmTent of a single
measure: this done^ the disruption
of hia party would render hia re-
moval from offico inevitable, and
that, too, with a very distant, if
any, prospeet of return.

But whatever may be thought of
the conduct pureued by Sir R. Peel
with reference to the Com Law
question, during the many years
ill which he took so active a part
in upholding a eystem which, with
hi« own liand, he now came for-
ward to destroy, and whatever im-
peachment may be made upon hiB
sagacity and foresight as a ^ate^-
man, or his consistency as a party
leader, it would seem difficult for
an J one. not blioded by party spi-
rit or exasperated by resentment
beyond the bounds of reason , to
impugn the honesty of the mo-
tives by which he was actuated in
adopting the Ci>urse now described.
That course involved tlie sacrifice
of ev^y object and every feeling
moftt dear to a political leader ; i^
was equally fatal to the reputation
of the past and the prospects ol
the future, and it exposed him to
a stonn of ohloi^uy and rej^roach,
under which Bothiug cou\d \\«tTt^
supported him liut ^ coii%mMfe\i»ft%

[B2]

4]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

of having acted with a single aim
for the pubHc welfare. Where a
statesman has everything to lose
and nothing to gain by a change
of policy, it seems to require even
more than the usual perversity of
faction to discredit the sincerity
of his motives. It is true that
sincerity is no apology for error in
judgment, and being convicted of
the latter by his own confession,
Sir R. Peel could not expect to
escape the penalty which is at-
tachcd to it ; but it is due to jus-
tice that the blot of inconsistency
should not be magnified beyond its
true proportions, and that the dis-
tinction should be maintained be-
tween a candid avowal of error and
a corrupt ddreliction of principle.

With a single exception the en-
tire Cabinet of Sir R. Peel gave
countenance to his change of po-
licy by resuming oflfice under him.
Lord Stanley alone retired from
the oflfice of Secretary for the
Colonies, in which he was suc-
ceeded by Mr. W. E. Gladstone,
who not long before had vacated
another office under circumstances
narrated in the preceding volume.
It is needless to say, that unusual
interest and excitement attended
the opening of the session under
the recent circumstances. It took
place on the 19th of January,
when Her Majesty in person de-
livered the following Speech from
the Throne : —

** My Lords and Gentlemen,

'* It gives me great satisfaction
again to meet you in Parliament,
and to have the opportunity of
recurring to your assistance and
advice.

** I continue to receive from
my Allies, and from other Foreign
Powers, the strongest assurances

of the desire to cultivate the most
friendly relations with this couu-
try.

•• I rejoice that, in concert
with the Emperor of Russia, and
through the success of our joint
mediation, I have been enabled
to adjust the differences which
had long prevailed between the
Ottoman Porte and the King of
Persia, and had seriously en-
dangered the tranquillity of the
East.

•* For several years a deso-
lating and sanguinary warfare has
afflicted the States of the Rio de
la Plata. The commerce of all
nations has been interrupted, and
acts of barbarity have been com-
mitted, unknown to the practice of
a civilized people. In conjunction
with the King of the French, I am
endeavouring to effect the pacifica-
tion of those States.

" The Convention concluded with
France, in the course of last year,
for the more effectual suppression
of the Slave Trade, is about to be
carried into immediate execution
by the active co-operation of the
Two Powers on the coast of Africa.
It is my desire that our present
union, and the good understanding
which so happily exists between
us, may always be employed to
promote the interests of humanity
and to secure the peace of the
world.

" I regret that the conflicting
claims of Great Britain and the
United States in respect of the ter-
ritory on the north-western coast
of America, although they have
been made the subject of repeated
negotiation, still remain unsettled.
You may be assured that no effort
consistent with national honour
shall be wanting on my part to
bring this question to an early and
peaceful termination.

II I S T O R Y.

[5

Ufmen of ike Bouse cf Com-

Estimates for tbe year
e laid before you at an early
^.Although I am deeply
^hl the in^portanee of en-
^^ODomy in all braDcbes of
Ependiture, yet I haTO been
fUod, by a due regard to tbe
idea of* the Public Service,

0 the state of our naval and
ry eatablisbments, to propose

increase in tbe EBtirantes
provide for their efficiency.

Lords and Gentlemen,
have obaerred with deep
;, the Tery frequent iostancea
Ich the crime of deliberate
lination has been of late com-

1 in Ireland. It will be your
iO consider whether any raea-
con be devised calculated to
bicreoaed protection to life,
» bring to justice the perpe-
I of so dreadful a crime.

have to lament that^ in con-
nee of a failure of the potato
n several parts of the United
lom, there will be a deficient
r of an article of food which
the chief subsistence of great
&r9 of my people. The dis-
»y which tbe plant has been
sd has prevailed to the utmost
i in Ireland, I have adopted
leh precautions as it was in
>wer to adopt for the purpose
gviating the sufferings which
be caused by this calamity;
shall confidently rely on jour
rrAtioQ in devising such other
I for effecting tbe same bene-
t ptirpose as may require the
on of the Legislature.

have had great satisfaction
ring my assent to the raea-
which you have presented to
■om time to time ealcii]ated
eod comwerce, and to Bthnu-

late domestic skill and industry,
by the repeal of prohibitory and
the relaxation of protective duties.
The prosperous state of the re-
venue, tbe increased demand for
labour, and the general improve-
ment which has taken place in tbe
internal condition of the country,
arc strong testimonies in favour of
the course you have pursued.

" I recommend you to take into
your early consideration, whether
the principles on which vou have
acted may not with advantage be
yet more extensively applied, and
whether it may not he in your
power, after a carefiil qgview of
the existing duties upon many ar-
ticles, the produce or manufflcture
of other countries, to make such
further reductions and remissions
as may tend to insure the continu-
ance of the great benefits to which
1 have adverted, and, by enlarg-
ing our commercial intercourse, to
strengthen the bonds of amity with
Forei/^ii Powers.

" Any measures which you may
adopt for effecting those great ob*
jects wilh I am convinced, be ac-
companied by such precautions as
shall prevent permanent loss to the
revenue, or injurious results to any
of the great interests of the country.

*• I have fidS reliance on your
just and dispassionate considera-
tion of matters so deeply affecting
the public welfare.

** It is my earnest prayer^ that,
with the blessing of Divine Pro-
vidence on your councils, you may
he enabled to promote friendly feel-
ings between diti*erent classes of my
subjects, to provide additional se-
curity for the continuance of peaee,
and to maintain contentment and
happiness at home, by increasing
the comfort and bettering tbe coo-
ditjon of the great \s^\^ ^l m^
people/'

6]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. (Engimd.

Tho business of the Bession wm
commenced in the House of Lords
by Lord Howe, who, in proposing
the usual Address in reply to Her
Majesty's speech, recapitulated ite
Bereral topics, and recommended,
for the adoption of their lordships,
the opinions it expressed. After
briefly noticing the continued main-
tenance of peace, the settlement
of differences between the Otto-
man Porte and Persia, the inter-
yention of France and England
on the River Plate, the co-opera-
tion of the Two Powers for the
suppression of the Slare Trade, and
expressing a fervent hope that the
conflicting claims of Great Britain
and the United States to the
Oregon territory might still be
amicably adjusted upon such a
basis as the Ashburton Treaty ; he
adverted to the failure of the po-
tato crop, and after mentioning,
without discussing, the last im-
portant paragraph of the Royal
Speech, concluded by moving the
Address, which, as usual, was a
very faithful echo of the Speech.

Lord De Ros, in seconding the
Address, went over nearly the same
topics, noticing, with especial com-
mendation, the suggestion that
some more effectual means should
be taken to check the practice of
assassination in Ireland.

The question, that the Address
be adopted, was then put by the
Lord Chancellor, and declared to
be carried in the affirmative.

The Duke of Richmond ex-^
pressed some displeasure that the
discussion had been so abruptly
concluded. He had, however,
heard enough to know that Minis-
ters intended to withdraw protec-
tion from the industry of the
country, and he challenged them
to show any cause for rescinding
^f*^ solemn compact made with the

agricultural ilkt^rest in 1842. H^
could see no difference between
the Anti-Corn Law League and
the Government, and no reAsofi why
they should liot create Mr. Cobdeii
a peer. He denoiinced the League
as the author of all these changes,
and warned their lordships by the
example of Ireland^ still unap-
peased by the concessions of 182^,
not to be intimidated into a Sur-
render of their own opinions. He
called upon the great townsi too,
to observe, that if protection were
taken away from agriculture. Sir
R. Peel was bound by his pro-
mises in 1839 to remove it from
every other ardcle \ and asked
hew, if this complete revolution
in our system were achieved, the
public creditor was to be satisfied,
the farmer to pay his tithe, or a
single salary or payment to re«-
main unaltered ? He solemnly
protested against the clause ef the
Address which referred to protect*
ing duties as being directly contrary
to fevery principle and every speech
of the present Government, and
challenged it to test the amount of
public confidence it enjoyed by ftA
appeal to the countir. He de-
clared that he woula resist by
every means in his power — fac*
tious, if necessary — any diminu-
tion in the amount of agricultural
protection, and coUcluded by call*-
ing for an explanation of the
mysterious resignation and coun-
ter-resignation which had lately
surprised the world.

The Duke of Wellington de*
dined to defend the conduct of
Sir Robert Peel or any measure
of his government. The question
before their lordships was the Ad-
dress ; other measures would short-
ly be submitted to them, but they
had now only the Address to dis-
cuss, and an acc^u\Q«c«tic!^ Va \Vi%il

^

bound them onlj to take into con*
sideratioQ the measures it Aug-
lasted t upon which the Duke of
Richmond would hereafter have
ample opportunity of expressing
his opinions. As to explanations,
he reminded the noble duke that
he was himself a member of
the Priry Council of his Sove-
reign, and must know that, without
her permiseion, he wae bound to
keep her council secret. He should,

lea^t, therefore, have given
e of his question.
Lord Stanley being called upon
hy the Duke of Richmond fur an
explanation of the grounds upon
which he had retireil from the
Government, declined to enter into
detaib, upon the plea that he
could not explain the motives of
bis conduct without stating what
Wfro the measures contemplated
by the other members of the
Cabinet, or with justice to his late
coUeag'ues, but stated, that upon
one question only — -one relating to
the degree and amount of agricul-
tural protection — was there any
differenee of opinion. Upon that
question a measure was proposed
which he considered uncalled for
by Miy change of circumstances
sinco 1842, and which, therefoi-e,
be could not undertake to recom-
mend without a sacrifice of his
own perftonai consistency and lio-
Denr. Ue cast no imputation upon
the conduct of others ; but con*
ceiviug it his duty to dissent from
a pn>ject approved by a majority
of his coUeaguea, he had tendered

resignation, and with this cx<
►tJon of his motives and the
he bad adopted, he trusted
ibftt their lordships would be aatia-

Lord Hardwicke eaid* that as
he saw in the Addresi^ a direct
M^wmnce towards free trade, be

must form an exception to those
who approved it. He thought
that unless a change of circum-
stances could be proved, they were
bound to adhere to the adjustment
of the Corn Lawa made only thi-ee
years since, and ho denied that
there had been any snch change
as to render the measures it waa
intended to bring forward neces-
sary. He would rather that it
were proposed to put aside pro-
tection altogether than to make a
gradual diminution of it, fur many
would tmite to oppose the former
measure who might be induced to
acquiesce in, a aeries of tritiing
alterations.

The Marquis of Lansdowne said,
that having, like Lord Stanley,
obtaiDcd Her Maji'sty's permission
to explain the circumstances of
some political tranij actions in which
he had lately taken a part^ he
should avail himself of that per-
mission us soon as the members of
the Government had tendered an
explanation. He had only at pre-
sent, however, to express his cor-
dial approbation of tlmt portion of
the Address which related to the
differences with the United States
u^Min the subject of Oregon.

Lord Brougham heartily con-
curred in this opinion, and then at
considerable length, and with his
accustomed ability, claimed for
himself the credit of perfect con-
sistency upon the great question
of Corn Law repeal. He strongly
condemned, however, the conduct
of the League, especially in the
course it had lately adopted, of
endeavouring to procure an over-
powering iniluence at elections bj
the purchase of qualificationa,
which he denounced as most dan-
gerous to the constitution, and
concluded by a\\pTov\u^ l\v«i t^W-
eijce to the state ot \te\wa^ m \3ti€^

I

8]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

Address, and recommending their
lordships to disregard all consider-
ations of party, and strengthen
the hands of the Executive 60-
yemment.

Lord Malmesbury protested
against the opinion, that the great
mass of the people were in favour
of a repeal of the Com Laws.
They had not changed their opi-
nions because Cabinet Ministers had
changed theirs, and it was their
constitutional privilege to have a
veto upon such a measure.

Lord Radnor defended the
League from the attacks of Lord
Brougham, and especiaUy denied
that their conduct had been in any
degree unconstitutional. He re-
gretted that it should be necessary
to force right measures upon a
Government by pressure from
without ; but if even Lord Brough-
am's arguments were successful,
the pressure was necessary to re-
inforce them.

The Marquis of Salisbury and
the Duke of Beaufort deprecated
any diminution in the amount of
agricultural protection, and their
lordships then adjourned.

In the House of Commons the
Address was moved on the same
evening by Lord Francis Egerton,
who, after alluding to the fact that
it was now twenty j^ears since he
had stood under the auspices of Mr.
Canning, in the same position
which he then occupied, congratu-
lated the House on the continuance
of amicable relations between Eng-
land and France, the two great
countries which were at the head
of the civilization of the world.
He should look with deep anxiety
and regret to the possibility that
England might be called on to
maintain her rights in any part of
the world, however distant, by any
oilier means save thoae of patient

and friendly negotiation ; but he
should look at that possibility with
still deeper anxiety and regret in
case of a difference arising be-
tween England and the United
States, a country united to our
own by a community of laws, and
language, and lineage. After de-
claring his concurrence in that
part of Her Majesty *s Speech which
suggested the increase of our na-
tional defences, he passed to other
topics which engrossed at present
more of the public attention. He
was addressing the House at a
juncture when an invitation had
been offered by Her Majesty's
Ministers to reconsider the whole
state of the laws which regulated
the importation of foreign com-
modities into this country. If he
had not concurred in the propriety
of that invitation, he could not
have undertaken the office which
he was then discharging. The
time was now arrived when the
House ought to avail itself of the
earliest opportunity to reconsider
the whole state of our laws re-
garding manufactures, with a view
of ultimately departing from the
principles of restriction and pro-
hibition for the sake of protecting
the productions of our home manu-
facture. Protection, in his opinion,
should be applied to, or withheld
from, all the productions of the
country with strict impartiality.
In former years he had opposed
the imposition of a fixed duty as a
permanent impost upon foreign
com, for he thought that if a duty
were to be imposed, a sliding scale
was better than a fixed duty. He
had, however, arrived at the con-
clusion, that restriction as a per-
manent system ought not to be
applied to any foreign commodity.
It had been supposed in some
quarters t\i&t Aoiae^Q^l eoisfeder-

HISTORY.

[»

of Foreign States might de-

re us at some future conlln-

icy of ftU foreign supply. He

uld not think that such a general

i&ingof bucklers again&t England

ae Tery probable. Indeed, the

tiniTersal voice of history was

agiunst it. In 1810» when there

aa a fear of scarcity in England,

all Europe was almost closed

^ inst us br the power of France,

e iiuportea 1^200,000 quarters

rorn from the ports of Europe,

d 500.000 quarters from France

If. That it might be necessary

ilo make some sacritice fur the

Jegialation to which he invited the

Hou&e he was not prepared to

^eny, but nonje penalty Biways

must be paid ft»r some time for

past errors.. He was convinced,

howeTer, that ultimately no class

would reap more benefit from

I these changes than that higher
fla^ of raauufactnrcrs who were
called the landholders of Eugland.
Whatever might be their throes
in the interim, he believed that
their remuneration would be am-
ple, in the removal of that general
dissatisfaction which was renewing
the war of the roses in the reign
of Queen Victoria, and which, if
it were prolonged much fnrtlier,
must, w^henever it terminated,
leave the country in a state of
exhaustion which would not fail
to attract the notice of our eue-
mie«- The noble lord coneludcd
an eloquent speech, which was
loudly cheered throughout, by mov-
ing an address, which, as tisuitl,
was a mere echo of the Speech.

Mr. Beckett Denison, in second-
ing the Address, commented with
titiAfaetion on the first heads of
Her Majesty's Speeeht and alluding
la the fttate of Ireland, which had
been threatened in the hat few
^mmths both by famine and by

murder, expressed a hope that the
danger of the fi^rst was exagger-
ated, though he was compelled to
admit that the latter had been
walking unpunished in broad day-
light for some months past. It
was very desirable that Minis-
ters shoidd propose measures which
would prevent and arrest the per*
petration of such atrocities in
future. He then declared himself
friendly, on the experience of the
last four years, to a further relux-
atiun of the protective duties now
imposed on foreign commodities,
and hoped that Ministers wc*nld
propose a plan which would deal
justly and liberally with all parties.
Sir Robert Peel hoped, that
though his course might be deemed
unusual in rising at so early a
period of the debate, he should be
considered as acting in conformity
with the ordinary practice of the
lIoiiHc in explaining at once the
grounds which had led him, and
those with whom he had acted,
first to tender their resignation
of their otHcea to ller Majesty,
The immediate cause of their
resignation was that great and
mysterious calamity which had
befallen Europe^ — the failure of
the potato crop. But it would
be unfair to the House if he were
to say that he attached exclubive
importance to that particular cau^e.
It had gaineil, however, additional
weight by its forcing an immedi-
ate decision upon the laws which
governed the importation of grain.
He would not deny that his opi-
nions on the subject of protection
had undergone great change. He
did not feel hiniself humiliated by
making t!i«t confession ; on the
contrary » be asserted and claimed
for himself the privilege of yield-
ing to the force kA TtiB*oi;i ^tv^
argument, aud of a.e\\n^ M^^\i \v\%|

10]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [E»fU^.

enlarged experience, and upon his
more matured conviction. He must
confess that a change in his opi-
nions had been forced upon him bj
the experience of the last three
years. During that period he had
• watched day by day the effect of
the relaxation of duties on all the
social interests of the country ;
and the consequence was, that he
thought that his former arguments
were no longer tenable. He did
not now think that protection of
native industry was in itself right
and advantageous, nor did he be-
lieve that it was impossible for
this country to compote with fo-
reigners, because it laboured under
a heavy debt and severe taxation.
During the last three years prices
had been low, and yet at no time
had wages been higher. During
the three previous years prices had
been high, and the lowness of
wages had produced universal dis-
tress among the labouring popula-
tion. He next proved, from sta-
tistical returns, that the result
upon trade, of removing protective
duties, had been a groat increase
in the foreign exports of the coun-
try, and that the result upon the
revenue, though in the last four
years a reduction had been made
in the Customs duties to the
amount of 4,000,000^. and up-
wards, and in the Excise duties
to the amount of 1,000,000^, had
been equally satisfactory. He
then adverted to considerations
which he deemed of more import-
ance than those of either trade or
revenue, namely, to considerations
of morality, and showed that in
1842, when high prices and high
duties were in existence, there had
been an alarming increase of crime,
but that in 184o things had taken
a favourable turn, and that in
JS44 And 1845 the deerease of

commitments had been very large;
and he inferred fit>m the retnms,
which he quoted, that low priect
and comparative abundanee con-
tributed greatly to the promotioii
of morality. He showed thai
these advantages had not been
purchased by any detriment to the
agricultural interest. Protection
to that interest had been dimi-
nished, and yet it had not suffered
any damage in consequence of that
diminution. He proved this posi-
tion by reference to the diminutioB
which had taken place in the da-
ties paid upon foreign flax, foreign
wool, foreign cattle, figs, Urd,
&c., and to the prices which every
one of those commodities was now
fetching in the markets of Great
Britain. He contended that he
was justified in proceeding with
the further removal of protecting
duties by the gratifying results
produced by the removal of
those which he had already re-
pealed. It was right that he
should state, that notwithstanding
the conviction which was thus
forced upon his mind, he had been
of opinion that the charge of
altering the Com Laws ought not
to devolve upon him as Minister of
the Crown. He felt that with that
conviction, which he could not con-
trol, he could no longer meet the
annual motion of hon. members
opposite with a direct negative,
and that, therefore, he could no
longer continue the contest on the
subject with any advantage to
those who had hitherto honoured
him with their confidence. During
the course of last autumn a great
calamity had visited the United
Kingdom. There was great dan-
ger of a scarcity of that article
which formed a considerable portion
of the food of the country. It
was the duty oi Oo^«nim«ckt io

HISTORY.

Cii

ttl dunger ; nod the House
BOW have an opportunity of
^whether, with the iolbrm-
of which the Government

poeseeaton, U was possible
tn to maintain, in their pre-
nte^niy, the eiisting Com

His opinion was, that it was
mpoBsible for them to do so.
, r^l then de&cribed the
itancM which induced him,
n November, to think that

necessary to meet the im-
g evil by a euflpenston of
ities on the importation of
I produce ; and read eon-
elT the information which
uneut had ret'eived from
* parta of the United Klng-
md al§o from abroad, aiid
he considered as jtistifying
the conclttaiona to which be
me first earlj in November,
terwards early in December,
ext read the information
he bad received from Eng-
Icotland^ and Ireland, rc!a-
blie failure of the potato crop ;
[pressed a hope that tho»e
d TO precipitately condemned
ivemment would now make
allowance for its difficult
n. The right hon, baronet
entered into a lengthened
ent trlative to the resig-

of the Ministry and their
tement in office, lie said,
lere were two periods [in
I he dissolution of the Uabinet
reconstruction were mooted] ;
aching from the 1st to tlie

November, the other from
th of November to the 0th of
ber 1 and, in justice to those
Ifteented from my opinions,

gay, that on any advice I
^^formation derived from
^■beived since the 6th of
^Kt which liBB oreouhl have
\riog. Now, man J tktbinets

were held between the 31st of Oc-
tober and the 6th of Deccmberi
On the 1st of November, there wai
no agitation, no petitions had been
presented : but it appeared to me
that these reports from the Lt>rd
Lieutenantof Ireland^^ — the example
of foreign uonntries — the example
of Belgium, whose merchants had
cleared the market at Liverpool of
rice, almost in a day — ^juetified the
Oovemment in taking measures
before it w^as too late, either by
opening the porta by an Order in
Council, or by calling Parliament,
together in a fortnight, to obviate
the impending evil. That was th^
advice 1 gave on the 1st of No-i
venibcr. There would have been
an advantage in the plan of taking
the responsibility of issuing an
Order in Council, and trufrtiug to
obtain an indemnity from Parlia-
ment afterwards ; and 1 was pre-
pared to take that responsibility :
I did not insist on that course, but
^tatf^i that 1 was prepared to call
Parliament together immediately,
and advise Parliament, that for &
limited period the ret*trictions on
importation should be suspended.
I did not anticipate that this would
compel a reconsideration of the
tariff ; but I considered that the
effect of calling Parliament together
during the period of the susjjension
of the duties would compel the re-
consideration of this question. My
advice at that period was not taken.
Only three of my coDeagues con-
curretl with me ; and we separated
on the 6llj of November, 1 reserving
to myself the power of calling the
Cabinet together^ with the hope of
convincing them, that if my alarm
was confirmed by subsequent
events, my advice ought te be
taken at a later period. So far
I was ctincerned^ ihftl wa%\\\^V\m^
for me to have teuderedm^ t^iSAgsva.-

I«l

ANNUAL REGISTER, 184& [BmglmiL

it^rt, t n%n tnjlj mj, that if I did
/r//i 4o n^t, it wM ijp^in public cod-
i^tttiifftm iUni I A^tM. I felt that
H w/M irijr dijtj U9 adhere to my
^M nU*'t» iht'tti wM a poMibilitj

Mi if fTAA a iffiHitiro duty not
^yr fiftnln i\n^ difficulty. I might
fi«9#> «ald, that ov<!rruled by the
Kfhtti fif«J//rity of my colleaijrueB, I
t.^m\4 t$*d Ukts iUn n!NfKin»ibility of
t-ffffhfttmic tit ofilt'M : but I de-
U*fttt'thh4 ttiti Ut abandon my post.
I /l**l/ttfm'titt*A Ut rmriainf that if
i^fhf*^ ira« a (frobability of an adjuBt-
Nif*fd *4 ihU i\tuini'nm I might bear
Htf ff^fl f tUiU'rwUnul, therefore,
$^t H-mHth. 'I'Imi ('abinet reaa-
KA^^I/M iih i\tt% 2f'fi\t of November.
'l\tK hfnUht't'. I rw!«'iv«f4l in the in-
f^t ftthioi uni tu tb<t klightoMt d(?grce
4tf*ftm*U Hty a|inn'b«inHionN. We
finA fi**nhti iUti MiUirval, with the
tthHi,,htu*t>t iiiHHt'hi of ib<i Cabinet,
^4t^tu tiiitHSftiihittry ni^aNiiren for
H^'f^'ttnttK riKtitttit information. We
h^^A tM^taul n ^.'oniniiHuion for that
jf»i*^tff»* , «»nd IomI lakf'n jfn!<;autionii
io ^/M-Vi:oi iUii n\tn'tn\ of f«v«*r. On
lU*' T'ttU Iff Siivi'ittht'T it became
$ti.s.i.MkHt y lorniin'tiU'r whatinMtnic-
hoh* kUhM \i*'. iMUftd to that Com-
$itu»htit. 'iStn^t' iniitructionN were
lUiUnhUtt'A on. I Ntat«'d at that
UtHi'., that it Mi>|H'nnt(l to nie that
fb<: )ii«ning of tliono inHtnictions
w<i« in^ionniiih'nt with a d«*termina-
tion i*i nniintfiin tlio nreMent Com
Lawn i and that I roulil not conHent
to lh<t inMuing of thoMo inHtructions
to tho ('OniniiMnion, without ronerv-
ingon my own |mrtt)i(^ power topro-
]»oN<) to Parliarmuit Mome nieaHure
of immodiato roliitf. The inHtruc-
tiouM wens iNMUiul ; and again I
brouglit under the connidcration of
tho (/abin<!t what I had proHaed on
th<*rn on tlie Int of November —
namely, the HUHpcnsion of the
roiitrietionB xipon importation, either

by meana of Orden is C^smO or
by caning' Paifiaif t to^etW.
But at that period mr ovb pontioB,
I admit, waa eutudli ffcingrd
The lapse of time, the'iiicreaae of
agitation, and other < ~
had occurred, matetianT ;
my own position. I bad 1
ruled in the Cabinet. The noble
lord opposite bad in the interral
written bis letter ; and, giringlum
credit for tbe best intentions, I
must say it was a letter wbidi, after
what had occurred in tbe Cabinet,
did most materially affect my posi-
tion. After that' letter I sboold
have appeared to be adopting tbe
proposition of the noble lord. On
the 22nd of Noyember bis letter
appeared, and that act of mine on
the 26th of Noyember would have
appeared to be a servile acquies-
cence in his yiewB. I would not
have abandoned the post of danger
if I had been supported by a
unanimous Government : but that
was not the result of our delibera-
tions. One of my colleagues — one
for whom I feel tbe sincerest re-
gard, for whose public qualities I
felt, and now feel, the highest re-
spect— he took from the first the
most entirely opposite yiews. His
views were most sincere, I am sure,
and adopted after great delibera-
tion ; and he was conyinced that
the danger had been greatly
magnified, and that no sufficient
reasons had been brought forward
for having recourse to Orders in
Council. I thought that the adop-
tion of extraordinary measures
would compel the reconsideration
of this question. That was my
opinion. In these circumstances,
my noble friend would have felt it
his duty, and he was not the only
member of the Government who
would have felt it his duty, to
resign ; and beUevui^, as I did«

HISTORY,

L13

bat tbeir reBignation would he fol-

owed bj that of others, and thiak-

ing, too* that it was highly probable

that, in the attempt to settle this

question, I should fail , and that, after

vehement contests, and the new

combinatloDs that would be formed,

robably worse terms would be

bade than if some other person

►ere to nndertake the settlement

' the (question, I felt it my duty

kumbljr to tender my reBignation*

That resignation was accepted by

Majesty; and her Majei*ty, of

own choke^ immediately sent

or the noble lord the member for

London. The noble lord undertook

be task of forming an Admin is-

ation* I believed that I was

hen in the situation of a private

neraberof Parliament — that I was

[redncefl once more to the ranks —

flhat I was at liberty to act as I

Kthought right : and I do not hesitate

to say that in that capacity I

, irould have done all that I cnidd to

Lfromote the settlement of this

r^nestion/'

Sir R. Peel then went on to say,
[that there appeared every proba-
li^ that the adjustment of the
nnestion would devolve upon Lord
John Russell ; and as a private
Qember of F'arliament, he repeated,
be would have done everything to
' ctlitate its adjustment. At the
^neen^s invitation, he went to Wind-
on the 20th of December, to
take a final farewell. Before doing
•0, ho learned that Lord John Rus-
icU had failed to form a Govern*
iment. On meeting Sir Robert Peel,
be Queen informed him, that so far
Ifrom taking leave, she was obliged to
f'Tequirchim to continue his services ;
and she asked whether be Intended
to persist in tendering bis resigna-
tion. The colleagues who differed
ffrom him not having advised the
formation of a Cahsnvt ao theprhi-
r t^ protiH^tioDf and Lord John

Russell having failed, Sir Robert
Peel did not hesitate to withdraw his
resignation. Accordingly^, ho re-
solved to meet Parliament prepared
to submit those measures which he
thought necessary to meet the
emergency. Having reason to ex-
pect that the noble lord to whom
he formerly referred would be pre-
cluded from lending his assistance
to the Go vemment as reconstructed,
he felt it his painful duty to accept
his resignation. His other col-
leagues ftilt it their duty to assist
him in the arduous task be had
undertaken.

lie had given notice for the fol-
lowing week of the measures which
he had to propose, and should not
then anticipate that discussion . He
wished to separate them from mere
personal and party considerations.
Those who thought he had magni-
fied the danger he exhorted not to
be too confidcnt-

** I advise them to recollect that
we have yet seven months to pass
before there will be any new supply
of food. Better accounts mnv he
coming in from some quarters ; but
1 ask them not to form too pre-
cipitate an op i 0 1 o ii . S ome | e rson s
have suggested the introduction of
Indian corn as a remedy : that is
impossible. At the present mo-
ment the duty on Indian corn is
re|Ljulated by the duty on British
barley. This might seem very odd,
but such was the law* Suppose
that on the meeting of Parhaiuint
n proposition had been made to ad-
mit Indian corn duty free, what
would have been the consequence,
supposing such a (^tate of thingi; to
arise in Ireland which I anticipate
as possible ? What would be the
effect upon the great agricultural
interest, supposing we had agreed
to touch the present Corn Laws on
some slight point V\ke lu^mw evmi,
and refuse to admit l\i<i f^'v^l<i'a^i

14]

ANNUAL EEGISTER, 1846. [gnglmO.

rolaxfttion in regard to a nobler
•peciet of grain, namely, oats?
For my own part, I would rather
keep the proBcnt system intact, and
refuse to touch Indian com, than
come down to the Ilouse with a pro*
posal to relieve the pressure of
scarcity hy introducing Indian corn,
anil fight the battle of protection
with respect to other grain.'* •

In conclusion, he complained of
some unjust treatment.

** When, ttftwr the severe labour
of last session, ahuost efery hour
of my time since has been devoted
to waUihiiig chancoH and reading
evideiuMt night aiul day, so as to be
able Ui guard against a heavy na-
iiotittl calamity, I confess it does
seem hard to iind myself the object
of accusations of being unfaithful
to the iuterests of the community
in general, or to any special or pe-
culiar interests."

It liiul hcuiu said that those
who had phiced liim in power
could remove him, aud he was
tliroateued with being displaced.
There was a material mistake as
to his position — both as to the ex-
tent of his obligation and the
severity of tho threatened penalty.
Without undervaluing the dis-
tinction of his position, he might
say that ho owed no personal obli-
gation to any man, or to any body
of men, for being compelled to sub-
mit to the toil and to make the
sacrifices which official duty exacts,
lie had served four sovereigns:
under George the Third his situa-
tion was so subordinate that it was
impossible for him to attract the
notice of his sovereign ; but under
his three successors he had held some
of the highest offices in the state.

** I have served them in critical
times, and under difficult cir-
cumstances. They have each
taken far too favourable a view of
Aojr serrwes J have rendered ; bttt

to each of those sover^gna I ha?e
said, with every feeling of dotifu]
and grateful aeknowledgmeot, that
there was but one favour, one dia*
tinction, one reward Uiey bad it in
their power to confer-^tbe aimple
assurance that I had been a lojal
and faithful servant. Jf power have
any value, it is because it givee in-
creased opportunitiee for rendering
public service. It is this whi<£
constitutes the real value of official
power s and I think I can say frith
truth, that in intention, at teset. I
have not abused it. I and those
with whom I act have tried to use
it for the promotion of the pnblie
interest and the advancement <Kf
the common good. We eaonoi
charge ourselves with having acted
at variance with the true principles
of Conservative policy. We caiusoi
think that it was at variance with
Conservative poliey that we at-
tempted to repair the diaasteris of
Cabul, and to restore in the Indian
army a spirit which had been
checked by the misfortunes of
Affghanistan. We cannot think
it inconsistent with Cone^rative
policy that we laboured to assuage
the animosities which have so long
prevailed between this country and
our powerful neighbour. It surely
is not inconsistent with Conserva^
tive policy that we have laboured
to increase the foreign trade of the
country by removing pix>hibitory
duties — that we have reduced tax-
ation and yet have increased r^
venue. Is it inconsistent with «
true Conservative poliey that we
have discouraged agitation and ex-
tinguished aedition, not by co-
ercive laws, but by creating ao
impression on the part of the gre»t
body of the pe<^le ? that we, the
rich and powerful, are ready to
take our full share of the public
burdens, and relieve them of op-
pressive taxation^ The eoisdxMt of

HISTORY.

[15

iJinent is an arduous and adif*
undertaking. I majr without
rcnce he permitted to say,
like our physical frame, our
tkt constitution is * fearfully
rondej-fully made' — that it is
IJy taak to insure the har-
)(I10 aud united action of Mon-
!, Aristocracy, and o Hefomied
e of Commons. Theae are
objects wbicb we have at-
ted to accomplish, and I can-
link they are inconsistent with
IB and enlarged Conservatism >
W /or such objects is really
ble ; but for my own part, I
lay with perfect truth, that.
for these objects J do not
it* It is a burden far above
hyaicalj infinitely beyond my
actual strengtli. The rchef
ii with honour would be a
iTt and not a punishment. But

I kcmour and a sense rif public
require it^ I do not shrink

Ckffice. I am ready to incur its
ustbtltties.tobear itasacriiiees,
tofront its honourable perils ;
[ i«ll not retain it with mu-
i power and shackled au-
ty. I will not stand at the
during the tempestuous night,

II helm is not allowed freely to
rae ; I will not undertake to
% the course of the vessel by
vattoiM taken i n the year 1 842 .
I iieBerve to myself the unfet^
I power of judging what will be
be public ioterest« I do not
ift to be t1>o Minister of Eng-
I but while 1 am Minister of
and I wilt bold office by no
b tSBttre I I will hold olfice
^^ed by any other obligation
thai of consulting the public
ettt and pi*oviding for the
c ftafetj/'

r Ik P©el's speech elicited con-
ibW «3ieering, both during its
ftoe and at the dose, hut

the more emphatic portion was re-
ceived from the opposition benches*

Lord John Eusscll then rose to
explain bis own conduct in the re-
cent events. He stated that be
had applied through Sir II, PceJ
for her Majesty *a permission, and
had not only received it* but ako an
assurance from Sir E. Feel that
it would perfectly accord with his
convenience that the explanation
should be made at the conmience-
ment of the eession. Lord Jolin
Kussell then began by stating the
ciretimstances attending the writing
of his letter to the electors uf
Lundon. to which Sir U> Peel had
referred,

** It happened to me, in conse-
quence of private affairs, to go to
Edinburgh at the latter end of Oc-
tober last. Early in November,
the Lord Provost and Corporation
of Edinburgh did me the honour to
confer on rae the freedom of that
city, and invited me to a public
meeting to receive it. J addressed
those who conferred on me that
honour ; at the same time I took
u.Hpecial care not to refer in my
s*peecb to any measures that might
at the time be under consideration.
The Lord Provost expressed to me
immediately afterwards bis regret
that 1 bad not expressed my opi-
nions on the subject of the Corn
Laws ; and he added, that it was the
wish of a number of the citizens of
Edinburgh to give a public tlinner,
to whic!i I should be invit^Kl to at-
tend. I told him 1 was unwilling
to receive that honour; and that,
among other reasons^ having formed
a very strong opinion as to the
course which ought to l*e pursued
as to the Corn Laws, I could neither
be silent injustice to my own opi-
nion, nor could I declare fully and
freely that opinion without some
risk of embarraasing tW \y\j^v^

I

Ui]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. lEnglMnd.

#>ouiicilH of my Rovoroign. But I
found, by th« public prints and by
the Lontlon (iazettt, that her Ma-
jeiity 'h HttrvantH had mot ; that they
bad be<*ti in ('unHultation for many
dayii i that no roHult appeared ; that
it wan confidtMitly roportinl that no
proposition had boon adopted, or
eyen nmdu ; and there was also the
regular announcement in the Ga-
tetU iii tho further pron»gation of
I'arlianioiit. Under thoHo eircum-
ttUncet), I did think that tho Minis-
ter* wore not performing their
duty to their Sovereign and to their
country."

Ilia own opinion at that time was,
that IVrliament ought to bo eaUed
together to consider the Com Laws ;
the case of Ireland as reganled tho
Bupplv of food being particularly
pressing. Sir Robert Peel, ac-
cording to the statement made that
evening, had entertained tho same
opinion, and in conjunction with
three of his colleagues had ex-
pressed that opinion in the Cabinet.
From the inaction of the Govern-
ment he supposed that no decision
had heen come to, and he con-
sidered it necessary to publish his
letter It had been supposed by
some persons of low minds that his
letter was intended as an advertise-
mpnt for office; but nothing was
forther from his thoughts. Shortly
after its publication, the Ministers
resigned; and he received her Ma-
jesty's commands to proceed to
Osborne House in the Isle of Wight.
He felt that, in ordinary circum.
sUnces, the only thmg he could do
was to decline the compulsion ; the

party to which he b^^^JJ^fl .^^^^^^
in a minority of from 90 to 100 m

the House of Commomi.

••Sir I was no sooner admitted to

' anaudienceof her Majesty, thanshe

informed me she had sent for me to

undertake the formation of a new

Administration. I at onoe slated
to her what I now state, that tboM
I acted with were ^ a minority.
Her Majesty replied by putting into
my hand a paper, which she said
the right honourable gentleman
bad given to her just before — the
day before, I believe ; stating ge-
nerally the reasons why he had re-
signed, and stating also that he
would be ready, in his private
capacity, to give every sssiatance
and support to whatever new Minis-
try her Majesty might choose for
the settlement of the question of
the Com Laws. Sir, I immediately
stated to her Majesty, that the
perusal of that paper altered the
state of the question ; and that if
her Majesty would permit me I
would consult those 1 was in the
habit of acting with, and ascertain
from them what their sentiments
were as to our duty to her Majesty.
I immediately came back to Lon-
don ; where I consulted a few
persons who were within reach, and
they were of opinion that it was
very desirable, if possible, to know
exactly the nature of the measure
which the right honourable gen-
tleman had in contemplation. The
right honourable gentleman the
Secretary of State for the Home
Department was good enough to
call on me, and to inform me ge-
nerally of the state of this country
and of Ireland, and to give me all
the information it was desirable for
me to know. I stated to him the
wish of my colleagues. He next
day stated to me that the right
honourable Baronet, now at the
bead of the Government, did not
think it would be convenient for the
public service that he should state
the details of the measures he pro-
posed on the subject of the Com
Laws. I then agwn called together
those with whom I am in the habit

rt^feind

r"

of acting, and stated that I wonid
ndi'ikvour to frame an out! Id e of a
Heasure on the Corn Laws, and
pmmttnicate it to the right iio-
DurablegentlenBAo.in order to as-
Krtain whether it was a measure
;h would meet with his support,
% I inaj he asked, and there-
I will 8tate It at once« what
spect I could have of carrying
measure of the kind/* Al-
bou^h full J aware of the OiflScultios
^hicli beset any attempt on his part
icarrjon the Government* he con-
" that the settlement of the
om Laws would be of so much
Ivantage to the country that lie
bould be justified in encountering
at risks to attain it. But there
jras another point to be cousidercih
puppofitng he were to propose the
ettlement of the Corn Lawa, should
do so without endeavouring to
2i such a majority as would in-
iience the Ilouae of Lords ; or
bould he resort to a ilissolution of
Parliaiueut? It appeared to him,
bat if it were possible to obtain the
bed for settlement without hav-
reoourse to a general clectioit,
( would be mucli better to do so.
lut it was impossible that he could
l^taio 9Uch concurrence in thit^
llotise, unless he had not only the
pport of tlioso who agreed with
1, and of those who support the
ise of absolute free trade, but
that of the right honourable
uronat and a considerable num-
of those who usually supported
measures. Sir Robert Peel
ad declined, for cogeut reasons, to
^tatc the details of the measures he
^■ipteoded to hring forward under
^Bbe responsibility -of hisown Cover n-
^^Bient ; and therefore Lord J olm Rus-
^plell had to consider wlu^t kind of
^ measure it would be the duty of his
Government to propose, should he
cceed in forming 'one. ** The
Vol. LXXXVHI.

grounds on whjcli, Jn the letter to
which the right honourable Baronet
has referred, I stated my opinion
that the Com Laws ought to be
settled, were first, that the pro-
posal of airy duty at present, with-
out a provision for its extinction in
a short period, would only prolong-
a contest, already sufficiently fruit-l
ful of animosity and discontent, I
stated also, that neither the Govern-
ment nor the Legislature could ever
regulate the corn markets with the
benefit that would result from en-
tire free tratle ; but 1 also said, let
the Ministers propose such a revi-
sion of taxation as would, in their
opinion, render the puWie burdens
more just and equal, and let tlii'ni
add any other regulation which a
cautious and scrupidous forbear-
ance might suggest. Those were
tlie general principles on which I
proposed the consideration of the
question as to the Corn Laws/*

Perhaps his views would be best \
explfiincd by reading a letter which
he addressed to Her ifajesty —
** Cheaham Place, I6ih Dec. IS45.

** Lord John KubscU presents his
humble duty to your Majesty, and
has the honour to submit to your
Majesty the following consider-
ations.

** Sir Robert Peers letter to
your Majesty, communicated to
Lord John Russell at Osborne
Mouse, oll'era the support of Sir
Robert Peel to his successors, pro-
vided their measures should be
founded on certain principles uhitdi
arc there explained, and framed in
a spirit of caution and forbearance
towards the interests to l>e allected.

**The measures which Sir Ro-
bert Peel had in contemplation ap-
pear to have been the present
suspension of the duties on corn ;
a repeal of the Cojii Laws at no
remote period, preceded by a

[CJ

18]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [

fliiriifiiilioii of ilulIoH ; relief to the
in'r.iihifrn of Iniiil from burdoiiR by
wU'ii'U iUfy an* poculiurly ntfoctcd,
nil ftti iiH it limy hv jiniotioaMo.

" l'|iofi fiillroiiHidfratumof thoRO
(iMi|f«/Hiilit, Iwinl .loliii UuHSoll is
\»i ihun-d Ui aHMOiit to tlio oiMMiinp:
I A' lut' iMirlH, mill to ihv fiscnl rc'liof
wliM'li il. wiiM iiitfiidpil to atfonl.

** \Ua ii)Miti tiiadindy woif^liing
tlji: ki'i.'ond |M'o|)OHiil, that hy which
ilijii«:M woiildp iifi«*r a HUHpouHion or
it'iuu'truiy i'<*|)ciil, Ih* n'iiii]ioHi.Ml ami
u;^nii) iliiiiiiiiHliid, tlirrn appear to
Jjiiii to hi! ^Mivi' ohjiTtiouM to Huch

a JiM'llnlJt'o.

"'riir iiilvantM^n ^ivoti tlwrrliy
Ut thi; luiiil iippcinM to him ni(»ro
upjmrciil tliiiii riMil ; the uiu'ortaiii-
iy of priri'H in futunf yoarn would
\n'. aj^f^ravatiMl, and llio pnmpiM't of
a coiiiploti! friM' triuh^ would hv Ktill
kept in tin* diKtatHM* ; the prospiTt
alurniiii^ the iarincr, and tho dia-
lance iiTitatin<^ the inorchantH and
nianufaetunM'H.

*' In th'iH view he iindn that
inanv jxthoiis d<>eply (mi^ii^imI to
the niaint<man('<' and HUppurt (»f the
agricultural class entirely par-
ticipate.

*• So ^roat an ohject aft the sot-
tlenient of this question might
indeed have been held sufKcicnt to
justify th(» 8Uj>poit of Sir liobert
Peers Administration, had thoy
pro[)o.sed such a measure. But, as
Lord John Russell is placed at
present, he could not himself pro-
pose a measure apcainst which tho
weit^ht of argument, as well as
public opinion, appears to him to
preponderate.

'* Had the har\'cst been plenti-
ful and corn cheap, it might have
been very advisable to have dimin-
ished the duties gradually; but the
restoration of a duty after suspen-
sion has all the appearance of tho
re-enactment of a protective law.

"Lord John Roflaell hnmhty
submits to joar Haje«lj« thil
should the proposal of an immediate
repeal, instead of immediate wm-
pension and ultimate i^^P^ ^ tka
Corn Law, preclude Sir Robert
Peel from affording that rapport lo
tlie new Government which he lo
spontaneously and handaomely
offered in his letter of the 10th of
December, Lord John RuBaeO nmt
humbly decline the task ao gra-
ciously confided to him hj jour
Majesty.

** Lord John Russell concurs with
tlio reasoning of Sir Robert Peel,
which shows the inexpediency of
])ledgin^ him to the outline of a
series of measures.

"The measures for fiscal pur-
poses, therefore, would have to be
considered in detail by those alime
who may be in your Majesty's
service.

** Lord John Russell trusts that
your Majesty will attribute the re-
luctance which he feels te under-
take the Govcniment, without a
previous knowledge of the opinion
of Sir Robert Peel, te his very
deep sense of tho injury the coun-
try nuiy sustain from the rejection
of a measure of such vital im-
portance; and not to a desire te
obtain a security for those who
may be in power.'*

** Iler Mnjesty," continued Lord
John, ** was graciously pleased to
answer my letter tho same evening,
informing me that she bad sent to
Sir Robert Peel, and that she un-
derstood the motives by which I
was guided in endeavouring to pro-
cure support for the great measure
which I had undertaken to propose.
All I shall say in this place is, that
those rumours which were circu-
lated, that I was unable to bring
those I consulted to an agreement
on the subject of the Corn Laws,

HISTORY.

[19

.wtre utterly unfounded. Those

tfunsulted — all, with tho cicep-

QQ of my brother the Diike of

F£edfur<]. persons who had belonged

her Miijesty*s Priry Council,

rid had been in the Cabinet dur-

cither the pre&ent or the former

.\gii — entii'ely concurred with mo

the centime Dts expressed in my

Btter. Her Majeity next day

Erdred I would attend her at

rindsor Castle ; and, when I then

aed the difficulty whicli I

•he put into my haiuh* a letter

I the right honourable Baronet,

fhioh, if he has no objectioUf I

rDl rend/'

Sir Robert Peel. — ■*' I have no
Objection/'

iord John Hubs ell then read
^ftUowing letter from Sir Ro-
\ Peel to the Queen :—

"WhitelmU. Dec. 17.3845.
"Sir Robert Peel presents his
hoinble doty to your Majesty* and
ikoB the earliest opportunity of
oknowlpdging the receipt of your
fajesty *» letter of yesterday ^ which
enched him at a late hottr last
aghi.

Sir Robert Peel feels assured
!mt your Majesty will permit hira
jmbly to refer to the communica-
be ha^ addressed to your
6ty since his tender of re-
ition, as an evidence of his
St desire to co-operate in a
iirmle capacity in the adjustment
' the question of the Corn Laws.
*• In tho letter of Lord John
to your Majesty, ho ex-
his concurrence in the rea-
of Sir Robert Peel, which
the inexpediency of pled^ng
lobcrt Peel to tho outline of a
Pries of measures connected with
be settlement of that ([tiestion.
Lord John Russell require?,
jwime time, that Sir Rolicrt
tahould giTe assurances, which

amount substantially to ft pledge,
that he will support one of those
measures, nanjely, the immediate
and total repeal of the Corn Laws.

** Sir Robert I*eel humbly ex-
presses to your Majesty his regret
that he does not feel it to be con-
sistent with his duty to enter upon
the consideration of this iniportant
question in Parliament fettered by
a previous engaojement of the na-
ture of that required from him/*

Lord John Russell thought that
•Sir Robert Peel had misapprehend-
ed his meaning. He did not want an
absolute pledge from him* " What
1 wished from the nglit honour-
able gentleman was, that he should
not feel himself precluded from
taking the measure into considera-
tion when brought into Parliament,
The letter 1 have just read, though
it proceeds on a misunderstanding
of my letter, seems to amount sub-
stantially to this — that tho right
honourable gentleman was quite
ready to eonsidcr. and did not ro*
gard himself as pree hided from
supporting, such a nieaaure, if
brought before Parliament by Her
Majesty's Ministers. On consider-
ing that letter, those with whom I
considted, as well as myself, were
of opiniun, that though tho task
was one subject to great risk,
though it was full of danger and
hazard, yet, placed as we were, we
hhould run tliat peHl, and assure
Her Majesty that wo woidd under-
take the task." He was fully
aware of the heavy responsibility
which attached to him hi his at-
tempt tn form a Government ; but
he wished to see the Corn-law
quCBtion settled without a violent
ptrugtile between opposing inter-
ests. He knew that many men of
liberal poUtic9» as well as men who
eared nothing about politics, were
disposed to support fcSip Robert
[G2]

«0]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Vw\ If Ut* l)roiif(ht forward a moa-
Hitn* for iho rij)(«al of tho Com
LawM. On ilio ottior hand, ho know
thai thorn woro many mon who
would foUow Sir Ilohort Pool so aa
to rcitahi hhii in powor, hut who
wouhl not voto for any moasuro
founiUul on tho iiamo nrinciplo,
hroujKht forwnnl hy anotuor. IIo
aUo anow that ho niif(ht roly upon
tho HUp|M)rt of Huoh mon as tho
niovi^r of (ho AdthvArt, if thuy
thought (hat i\u^ propoHtnl nuMMUi*o
wan Hultotl to tho oiitMunHtanooii of
tho oouu(ry. Still, tho diiHoultios
(o ho onoountoiHnl woiv givat ; and
ho fult i( noooHHury (hat thoao who
worotojoin hint in thoOovornmont
nhuuld ho proparod to onoounter
tho oppoHition which to a cortainty
awaltod tlunn. TIuh aaAuranco he
rooolvoil. •• I (horeforo wroto to
II or Mi^oH(y, on tho 18th of Do-
oonihor, that I was roady to un-
tloi'tako (ho fornuvtion of an Admi-
nistration ; hut on tho following
morniug. aft4^r 1 hud ondeavourod
(o nuikt^ my arrungoment8, I found
(hut (»no of thoMO with whom I had
oouHultod hud ohjcetions which it
waM imnoHMihlo to overcome, and
that I Hiiould loHO ]m aBslBtance in
tho a4lminiHtration which I pro-
poHod to form. I do not think it
noooHHury to outer on tho grounds
uf tlioHo ohjoctiouR : it ia quite
tuuuigh to Hay that they had power
to deprive mo of the asHiatanco of
hi« MorvicoH. IHa name has been
firoquently mentioned, and I see
not why I should uot state that I
Itjfor to Lord Groy. With tho
highest respect for Lord Grey, for
kii p^^^ talents, for his courage
H^ hU honesty, I should, never-
^^J^tUt not have thought, on an
mfl^HJ occasion, that the loss of
, »gnnn 6^<^i^ ^^ ^^^^ importance
-^' have preyentod me from
^he formation of a Go-

yemment. But
view the risk wliidi ^
countered, and the i
existed that we
gether on this great
when I considered that mj i
friend was among the fint df Aoae
acting with me in Paifiament, wha
declared that he regarded no other
measure but com|dete free trade m
corn adequate to meet the en-
goncios of the country — vhcn I
put all these things together, I fid
think that tho task of forwaaag a
Government, leaving oat mj ncMe
friend, was a task which I was sot
justified in attempting. I could not
t)ut consider, that if my noble friend
was absent from that Ministry, all
kinds of interpretations woaii'be
put upon his absence, and the
Ministry be weakened at its
very commencement. Considering,
theroforo, the absolute necessity,
as I thought there was, for com-
plete agreement — considering the
importanco of tho person who could
not take a part in the Administra-
tion— I canm to the conclusion
that it was necessary for me to give
up tho task which Her Majesty had
graciously confided to me." He
accordingly waited upon the Queen
on tho morniug of the 20th of De-
cember, and made the following
communication : —

** Cheiham Place, 20th Dec. 1845.

'* Lord John Russell presents
his humble duty to your Majesty,
and has the honour to state that
ho has found it impossible to form
an Administration.

*• Lord John Russell was aware,
from tho first momeut when your
Majesty was pleased to propose to
him this commission, that there wore
very great difficulties in the way,
which it required the most cordial co-
operation on the part of his friends,
and tho finn suppprt of a large

England.]

HISTORY.

C21

KHion of those who followed Sir
>bert Peel, to surmount.
'• Lord John RiisscU bas had
solely in view the settlement of the
question of the Corn Laws,bjwhieh
, the country is so much agitated,
** Those who have served your
ftty and your royal prede-
or in cabinet offices* during the
Ldmini^trations of Lord Grey and
(jrd Melbourne^ who are now in
olitical connexion with Lord John
Lissell, were consulted by hitn.
I^bey agreed on the principles by
irhieh tbej would be guided in
aming a measure for the repeal
l©f the Com Laws. Thus one great
I difficulty was surmounted. But, as
I the party which acts with Lord
[John Russell is in a minority in
Uoth Ilouses of Parliaments it was
Tueccs&ary to ascertain bow far they
l-^cre likely to obtain the support
W Sir Robert Peel.

*• Your Majesty is Qcquainted
Liritb aU that has passed on this
ct. Lord John Russell is
ready to admits that Sir Ro-
crt Peel has been willing from
Iflic eomniencement to the end to
Miminish the difficulties* in thceomse
fcf a new Govemmciit prepared to
attempt tho settlement of the Corn
, Lairs. But Sir Robert Peel could
ot, of course, rely on the support
|jbf bis political friends, should t!ie
oposed measure be in their eyes
ngeroUA and unwise.

In this uncertainty of ob-
aintng a majority in the House of
]fommons, it was absolutely neces-
l«ary that all tbo«^e who wore pro-
linineut in the piJitirjtl party to
which Lord John Russell i.^ at-
tached should give their zeulou.s
tmid, and act in concert in the new
I dm ill! titration.

'* Lord John Russell ha«, in one

QftUnco, l>een unable to obtain this

noen : aod he must now con-

sider that task as hopeless, which
has been from the beginning ha-
zardous.

** Lord Jolin Russell is deeply
sensible of the embarrassment
caused by the prencnt state of
public affairs. He will be ready,
therefore, to do all in his power, as
a memlH?rof F'arliamrnt, to promote
the settlement of that question
which, in present circumstances^ if*
the sotirce of so mudi danger,
especially to the welfare and peace
of Ireland.

** Lord John Russell would have
formed his Ministry on the basis of
a complete free trade in com, to be
established at once without grada-
tion or delay. He would have ac-
companied that proposal with mea-
sures of relief to a coniaiderable
extent to the occnpien* of land
from the burdens to which they aro
subjected. But he will be little
disposed to insist, as a member of
Parliament, on what may seem to
your Majesty's advisers an imprac-
ticable eourf^e. The country re-
quires, above all things, an early
itnd peaceable ;?etilemeut of a ques-
tion which, if not soon settled, may,
in an nd verse state of affairs, cause
a fearful convulsion.'*

** I owe," proceeded Lord John
Hu.Nsell, "a debt of the deepest grati-
tude to IlerMajesty, for the gracious
manner in which she intrusted me
with tho task of forming an Admi-
nistration, and for the facilities
which she was always ready to
afii>rd with the view of lessening
the difficulties of the tai*k 1 had
undertaken. Her Majesty has im-
posed upon me a burden of obliga-
tion which I cannot sufficiently ac-
knowledge. I would say, m re-
ference to the right honourable
gentleman *s offer of assistance, that
it was entirely spontaneous; and as
to his subseqaent communications,

22]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. IBnglmd.

there was notlung that tended to
make my task more difficult.*' He
was exceedingly sonr at not haiing
been able to overcome the objec-
tions of Lord Grey : it was doe to
him to state that his objections
were not of a persc«nal nature, bat
originated in his sense of public
duty.

As to the Com Laws, Lord John
Russell expressed his surprise at
seeing it alleged at protection meet-
ings, that the danger of scarcity
had been exaggerated, and that
therefore the protecting laws should
remain untouched. Did those who
used such langiuige never carry
their thoughts forward ? Was there
any one who had watched events
that would say the law of 18-42 was
sufficient of itself to provide for
the food of the people in 1846 ?
The House had just heard what
the author of that law had stated
as the result of his observation and
experience.

As regarded Ireland, Lord John
remarked, that he entertained the
ho|)e, had he succeeded in removing
the restrictive duties on corn and
yarious manufactures, of being able
to propose a comprehensive scheme
which would have laid the founda-
tion of future peace in that country.
Allusion had been made in the
Queen's Speech to the necessity of
measures to meet the murderous
outrages which prevailed, and he
should be ready to support mea-
sures calculated to suppress such
crimes. He was sorry to say, how-
ever, that he did not think that
any thing had been done by the
present Government to estabHsh
that peace, or procure for England
that affection, which were bo much
to be desired.

Ho concluded by stating that,
whether in office or out of office,
he should be ready to give hii

hfeartj anent to meanrM cako-
lated to benefit the coimtiy, with-
Oiot reference to the proposer of
them. Lord John Bnaaell a ipeeeh
was rec^Ted with much cheering.
Mr. Diara^ expressed his inten-
tion of adhering to the prineipleB
of protection which had sent him
into that House, and which would
have compeOed him to resign his
seat if he had c^mscientionslj relin-
quished them. He did not enry
Sir Robert Peel his feelings in the
apologetic address which he had
that night delirered to those who
were once his party in that House.
The opinions which Sir Robert
Peel had that night expressed
might as well have been expressed
when he held a position in that
House scarcely less influential than
his present, namely, when he was
the leader of the Conserrative Op-
position. What could the House
think of a statesman who, having
served four Sovereigns, was at last
compelled, by the obsenrations
which he had made in the last three
or four years, to change his opinions
on a subject which must have been
repeatedly brought under his con-
sideration, in every point of vieWy
in the manifold debates of nearly
twenty years ? Such a statesman
might be conscientious, but he was
at any rate imfortunate, and ought
not to address his former friends
in the tone of menace. He knew of
no parallel to Sir Robert Peel's eon-
duct save that of a late Captain of the
Pasha of Constantinople, who, hav*
ing received the command of a fleet
from the Sultan to attack Mehemei
Ali, steered that fleet at once into
the enemy's port. The Admiral
was called a traitor ; but he de-
fended himself from the charge on
the ground that he was an enemy
to war, that he hated a prolonged
contest, and that he had terminated

It bj bctrajing the cause of his
maatcr. Mr. Disraeli denounced
the epeeeb of Sir Robert Peel that
DToning as a glorious ejcatnple of
cgotisticiil rhetoric, and censured
Imn in the iiOTerest terms for the
laanncr in i^hieh be bad turned
nd upon his former party. It
not the favour of hia Sotc-
_ whieh Imd placed Sir Robert
Peel in office, but the sacred eause
|of protection, by Tvhich a Parlia-
lent bad been dissolved, and a
lAtion taken in. Sir Robert Peel
great statesman, who was always
rcbin;;^ after the events of bis
! lie waa just as much a
ataiesman as be who got up
eliind a carnage was a great whip,
th were the disciples of progress,
bo lb were anxious for a good
Who was be that dared to
ell the Uonse that an ancient mo-
y, and a proud ariistoeracy,
useless lumber, and that he
tho only man who could rc-
c tbcir action to that of a ro-
ll oiise of Commons, whose
^formation he had resisted to the
tmo*t i When Sir Robert Peel
laid that his Conservative policy
ut down agitation, notwith-
ng his (Mr. Disraeli ^s) know-
_ of the extent to which Parlia-
mtary aeaurance could sometimefl
he was perfectly thunderstruck.
be said that, too, Lu the pro-
of Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright,
had aebteved one of the tirst
aiiributes of an orator, for
made aa impression on tho
Ho wondered how SirRo-
ert could assert that hi;s iiropused
II bad no reference to the
on the Corn Laws ; and
cunc hided a bittrr invective
i Sir Robert Feel, who, he
id, had been deserted by Lord
l^tajiley because be bad deserted
lU ibi jpdnoiplea on which the Mi-

nistry had obtained office, by de-
claring Umt ho was not the Mi-
nister who ought to abrogate the
Com Laws, He hoped that, what-
ever might be the opinion of the
Ilouse a* to free trade, it would
resist, to the utmost, the free po«
litics of stich state smea aa Sir
Robert Peel.

Mr. Miles said, that no amend-
ment had been moved on the Ad-
di'csa, because on an early oc-
casion next week an opportunity
would be given to the House of
CAprcfisbg a decision on the ex-
traordinary change of principle
avowed tliat night by Sir R. Peel,
What had become of those mem-
bers of his Cabinet who had first
objected to bis plan ? Were they
determined to sacrifice eyery thing
to their idol ? If so» he hoped they
would sacrifice their seats, and
make an appeal at once to their
constituents. He gave notice m
behalf of himself and sevend other
members that the strongei^t consti-
tutional opposition would be given
to his plan, and that every impedi-
ment would be made use of to pre-
vent its passing into law.

After a few words te tho same
effect from Colonel Sibthorp, tho
Address was agreed to without a
dissentient voice.

In the Ilouse of Lords on a
subsequent day, January the 26 tk,
tho Duke of Wellington, on betng
asked by the Bukc of Richmond
whether be had received Her Ma-
jesty's pei-missiou to state the rea-
sons which had induced the Go-
vernment to resign, and again to
accept office, replied in the foU
lowing brief but characteristic
manner ; —

••My lords : When the accounla
were received from Ireland and
different parta of Great Britain
during last autumn of tho state

n

24]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EfufUmd.

of the potato crop, and the in-
conveniences likely to result, my
right honourable friend at the
head of Her Majesty's Govern-
ment deemed it his duty to cdll toge-
ther his colleagues, in order to take
those reports into consideration.
Accordingly he did so ; reports
and propositions were submitted to
the Cabinet; and among the rest
Sir R. Peel proposed to suspend
the operation of the existing Com
Law, so as to open the ports for
the admission of corn duty free.
It is not necessary, my Lords,
that I should discuss the motives
or the grounds on which that pro-
posal was founded. I was, how-
ever, one of those who considered
that it was not necessary that such
a measure should be adopted at
that time. I considered, that
although the misfortune to which
I have refcn'cd would undoubtedly
htvc the effect of depriving mil-
lions, I may say, of a large
portion of the provision they had
made for their sustenance during
the year, yet that there was
hot exactly a deficiency of food.
Millions, it is true, had been de-
prived of their food ; but still there
was no deficiency of food in the
country, according to all accounts.
It was my opinion that it was
advisable arrangements should be
made, as had been done before,
to find the means of employment
for parties who had suffered this
deprivation, and to find also the
means of rewarding them for their
labour, and of giving them food.
My lords, it appears to me, besides,
that, under the provisions of the
existing Corn Law, Parliament had
provided for such an emergency.
If the price of corn reached such
an amount that there should ap<
pear to be any deficiency of supply,
y want of food in the coun-

try, the law had provided that com
should be admitted at a nominal
duty. Under these circumstancea,
it appeared to me to be unnecessary
to suspend the law ; and on that
ground I certainly was one of those
who objected to this proposition of
my right honourable friend. At
the same time I was most anx-
ious— and the Government almost
unanimously concurred in the same
view — to adopt such measures as,
under the circumstances, might
seem calculated to meet the ap-
prehended misfortune. A com*'
mission was appointed and in-
structed to take measures for em«
ploying the people, paying them,
and procuring food for them — in-
deed, all the measures adopted on
former similar occasions. In the
course of the discussions on the
subject, it was intimated that the
suspension of the Corn Law might
make its renewal very difficult ;
and subsequently, Sir Robert Peel
intimated his opinion of the abso-
lute necessity of making an essen-
tial alteration in the Com Laws.
I believe every body admitted
that some alteration was necessary
— that an alteration upon certain
points was necessary. I think
there is no doubt about that.
That was 'admitted by all. My
right honourable friend considered
that it was necessary to make an
essential alteration in the existing
Com Law. Many members of the
Cabinet objected to this suggested
alteration ; and there was a strong
difference of opinion on the subject.
For my own part, I certainly was
of opinion that it was desirable to
avoid making any essential altera-
tion in the Com Laws. I confess
also, my lords, that I considered
it was essential to the safety of
the Govemment that the differences
of opinion in the Cabinet should

Eny{md.]

HISTORY.

[26

I W reconcited. HuTtng aenred the
€^Q«Ti of England noir for above
£iif je&n. I consider it my duty
on all oocftstons to endeavour to
promote the interests of the State ;
ftodl did every thing in my power to
reconcile the differences of opinion
amoDg my colleagues — to preserve
in niuon a Government which en-

1 joyed the confidence of the Sove-
mgn, of the public, and of both
Honaes of Parliament. I con-
aider^d it my duty to make every
OlflRart to retain union in the Cabi-
oel« and to ret»oricile differences of
Oipinion, an the best service I could
render to the Sovereign in the eir-
emnstiinecs in which the Cabinet
wa« placed with reference to this
gnlijcet. My lords^ unfortunately
Id these efforts I did not succeed ;
asd the result wa* an intimation
OD the part of my right honourable
frieiid, that he would submit to
Her Majesty the resignation of his
offic«^, and that he would recom-
mend Her Majesty to endeavour
to form another Government. My
lords, tliiu course was adopted,
alter a dt»ea&sioQ whether it was
adirsiable that my right honourable
firiend ahottld come down to Parlin-
ment to make his proposition for
an alteralton of the Com Laws as
tlie head of a Cabinet, a majority
of which was against the proposi-
lloci ; or whether it was not best,
and more for the interest and con-
▼raience of Her Majesty, that he
abould at once intimate to Her
lioit^-tv ilie position in which he
ft|)^ vprc^ri his desire that

He: , , V would permit him to
realign hi* office ; and I certainly
ibimght that it was desirable that
my right hooourable friend should
y^.^^ ' ■- "ffice, rather than make
hi- ►« to Parliament with

a iJjviaiNi t abtoet ; and 1 believe
owey nenther of tUo Cabinet en-

tertained the same opinion. At
a subsequent period a noble lord
attempted nnsueces^fully to form
another Administration, and Her
Majesty called upon Sir R. Peel
to resume his duties. My right
honourable friend wrote to mc
(I was in the country at the time)
informing me of the circumstance ;
and staling, that if he did resume
office he had determined, happen
what might, if he stood alone,
that, as the Minister of the Crown,
he would enable Her Majesty to
meet ht-r ParViametit. I highly
applauded my right honourablo
friend on that occasion, and I
determined that I, for one, would
stand by him, 1 felt it ray duty ;
and I did think the formation of
a Government in which Her Ma-
jesty would have confidence was
of greater importance than any
opinions of any individual upon
the Com Law or any other law.
(A lau^h.) My lords, my right
honourable friend wrote to mc,
and desired me to attend the Ca-
binet that evening, which I did,
I a^lmircd the conduct of my rigltt
honourable friend ; I was delighted
with it; it was exactly the course
which I should have followed my-
self under similar circumstances ;
and I determined that 1 would
stand by him. My loi'ds, at the
same time that I did this, I knew
well the position in which my
right honourable friend stood in
relation to the Corn Laws. I
knew weU, that in consequence of
his having resigned his office into
iler Majesty's hands, becaus*c he
could not prevail upon his Cabinet
to support him in a material al-
teration of the Com Law, those
who were employed to form a
Government must have had a ,
knowledge of the particular cir-
cumstances under which my riglit

26]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Engi^nd.

honourable friend had resigned his
offioe ; and, my lords, how could
mj right honourable friend go into
the House of Commons, and again
defend the Corn Law, as he had
done only the preceding July —
(A laugh) — how could he go into
Parliament and defend the Com
Law against those gentlemen who
were informed of his opinion that
it ought to be altered, and who, of
course, would have reproached him
with a fresh alteration of opinion?
I knew well, therefore, when I told
my right honourable friend that
I would stand by him in the
resumption of his Government,
that in doing so I must be a
party to the proposition for a
material alteration of the Com
Law. It could not be otherwise.
I knew it, and I did it/' The
duke went on to express his be-
lief that the measures to be pro-
posed by Sir Robert Peel would
be satisfactory to tho country,
and to his right honourable friends.
He observed, that the Presi-
dent of the Board of Control,
a great landed proprietor, would
scarcely propose measures that
would betray the interests of
agriculture. He entreated their
lordships to wait and hear the
measures which would be laid
before them, and they would
then sec whether Sir R. Peel
had betrayed his duty. ** But,
at all events, my lords, whatever
that measure may be, I say, that,
situated as I am in this country,
highly rewarded as I have been by
the Sovereign and the people of
England, I could not refuse that
Sovereign to aid her to form a
Government when called upon, in
order to enable Her Majesty to
meet her Parliament, and carry
"" the business of the country,
that ground^ my lordsi I

present myself now to your yiew ;
and I claim from you an ao«

?uie8cence in the principle which
have laid down, that I positive-
ly could not refuse to serve the
Sovereign when thus called upon.
I have no doubt, when those mea-
sures come to be laid before you,
that they will be found to be such
as will meet your satisfaction and
general approbation.''

The Duke of Buckingham waa
not satisfied, and demanded further
explanation.

The Government, it appeared^
had become quite a free -trade
Government ; and he wished to
know why, when Lord John
Russell attempted to form a
Government, the present Minis-
ters had not supported him. As
for himself, he would join with the
Duke of Richmond to defeat any
measure of this or of any Govern-
ment to introduce free trade.
* The Duke of Wellington. — I
don't know what the noble duke
means by a " Free-trade Govern-
ment," Perhaps the noble duke
will explain what he means. —
(Laughter.)

The Duke of Buckingham.—
'* No doubt the noble duke is stag-
gered to find himself in a Cabinet
professing measures so totally dif-
ferent to what ho formerly pro-
fessed. Ministers who are now
ready to carry out measures which
they opposed in 1841, form, if not
a free-trade Government, as nearly
one as possible."

The Marquis of Lansdowne said,
that as the circumstances under
which Lord John Russell had at-
tempted to form a Government
had been fully explained to the
public, he did not feel called
upon to recapitulate them. He
explained, however, how he him-
self had determined to abandon

E»9imi4.]

HISTORY.

Um pri&eipUi of a ^ed duij on

^_ and I

*' A frieDd to the principlo of
« fixed duij, I saw good renaoa
§i3ir abandoning tt at tkis tnotnent,
aflei- the public Jeclaraliotis that
kad Wen made against it hy a
peraoil 00 bigh lu autboritj aa the
fillet boDourable Baronet at the
head of the preeeDt GoFcmment
and at the head of the former
GoTcmmrot, that that aubstitu-
for the existing Com Law
ODO to which be aeyer
cofiBCst. And when I fonnd
that ia bia high authority waa
added ibal of mj nobk* frieDd
dia iBMibtrfor the cit J of London,
I — reiauiiag my opinion that a
lixad daly would hftve been the
moal satiafaetory arrangement that
garid W made of this question,
aad oaa which, had it been adopt-
ed aarl»er, waold have prevented
ika agitation i^hich has taken
]ilaee an thtji dubject — I did think
IJiat it was unpracticablo to bring
a fU«d duty before the consider-
atiOD of Parliament with any
elMUUce of ita being adopted/'
la ih« conr»e of some further
rcmarka* t#ord Lansdowne men
iliat when Sir H. Pool
imMklf unable to carry on
Iba Oavaninientf an effort was
mado to aaoertatn wheUier tho^e
wbo differed from him in ihe Ca-
biael Ibattg^ht themselves capable
af aatrying it on. Hq hoped that
Ika HoiiM would now devote itself
ta fh^ *jitifkfaetory settlement of
lb* ** I for one do hold

fhiv I. that the facilities en-

joyed by the noble lords oppo-
ftte of carrying this question were
greater than those which others
eatdd have^ as the question only
^mdd be carried by effecting con-
TvniooB in some <^tiarter or another*
Hkmc eonf ersiotis are needed* not

ou thta ciddt but on the otlier aide
of the House I and a much greater
degree of facility in ejecting theitt
would be found by your lordships
opp(>site than could he hoped for,
either by myself or by any of my
coneagucs : and, therefore, I am
san|i;'uine that, under the induenee
of those nuble lords, thi» great
quest ion may be brought to sueli a
settlement a^ I for one earnestly
desire to see."

The Duke of Wellington added
a few words to his former ex|datia-
tion.

** It is perfectly true, aa stated
by the noble mar^ ' ^ I in the
coiime of tJiG t^ which

took place (after tJiu ruBignation
of my right honourable friend,
and before the resumption of
his office) Wtween Uer Majesty
and the noble lord in another
place and the noble marquis — it
is perfectly true that I, and I
believe others* were called upon
to state whether any one of ns
was disposed to form a Gorem-
ment on the principle of main- '
taining the e:xii»ting Com Law.
My lords, what others answered
I cannot pretend to say. 1 an-
swered immediately, that I waa
not ; that I could not undertake
to form a Government. But, my
lords, when I made that answer,
1 did it not onlr out o( diliideuee
in my own ability to undertake
such a charge, but likewise, my
lords, because I felt that it would
be absolutely impossible, according
to my knowledge of the dii?po&i-
tion of the House of Commons*
to form a Government in whiell
the public would have confidence
which should be formed on the
principle uf supporting that mea*
Bure. Under those circumstancca,
my loriis, I certainly, when called
upon to say whether I would or

28]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Enj^wnt.

not form a GoTemment for Her
Majesty on that principle, declared
that I could not and would not."

The Earl of Radnor asked how
it was that if Sir R. Peel thought
it necessary, on October the Slst,
to open the ports, and if, as he
said, in two months the failure
of the potato crop would prove
so very serious a visitation, the
Cabinet had not met from the
6th to the 25th of November.
Had any thing yet been done to
provide for such a state of things ?

The Duke of Wellington re-
peated his assurance that precau-
tions had been taken.

The Duke of Richmond hoped
that inquiry would take place be-
fore changes were made in the
law.

The Marquis of Clanricarde said
he wished for inquiry, but the
Duke of Richmond's friends had
always opposed it.

The Duke of Richmond said
they had done so because the
free-trade party had demanded it,
with the avowal that their object
was to get rid of the Corn Laws.
His friends were always ready
to give every information upon
that subject. He supposed that
the highway-rates and the poor-
rates were not burdens upon land ?
( Cries of " No, no ! ' ') He should
like to know whether one of his
tenants did not pay more than
the whole League put together?
(Laughter,) Lord Clanricarde had
said that Mr. Cobden had made con-
verts of the whole of the Cabinet
of Sir R. Peel and the rest of the
Ministers, and then he said that

he had made converts of the peo-
ple out of doors : if that were the
case, then let the Minister dissolve
Parliament and go to the country.
He (the Duke of Richmond) would
say to the farmers throughout the
country, ** Protection, not to com
alone, but to British industry."
Let them go to the country, and
ask the manufacturers of England
— ay, the manufacturers of this
town — the English tailors and
shoemakers — whether they would
consent to foreign articles coming
in free of duty? He defied them
to go to the country ; let them go
and appeal to those constituencies
that placed the present Govern-
ment in power, and those consti-
tuencies would say, •* We are
against free trade now."

Lord Beaumont spoke in favour
of protection, and demanded to
know the reasons which had made
converts of those members of Sir
Robert PeeVs Cabinet who had at
first opposed him in it, especially
designating the Earls of Ripon,
Haddington, and Aberdeen.

The Earl of Aberdeen responded
to the appeal on his own behalf. He
said : ** When my right honourable
friend, early in November, made that

groposal to the Government which
as been alluded to, I gave to it my
cordial and unhesitating assents
It would not be proper at this time
to enter into the reasons which in-
duced me to come to that opinion ;
but such is the opinion which I then
entertained, and which I entertain
now."

The discussion here terminated.

HISTORY.

CHAPTER n.

Sir Bdbert Pe^l explains hU grfnt Scheme of proposed Mfoiurm/or th^
Biia^atioH of Duties on the 27th of January — Hii Met and cum-
fftkmdm Speech on that occasion — ReceptioA of tks Sik^me* mid
tmmenU of various Memben ujton it^Stron^ oppositi&n is is^Utfed
oy mme of the usual Supjxyrten ttf thi Government — Furiher <fM»
OMitoit u adjourned to the 9th of Febntaty^Mr, P. Miles mores am
Jmendmatt that the Hofise ^o into Committee on that Da^ Sis
MtmtKs, vhich is seconded by Sir IF. H^^^^^'^^ — The Debate is
tamed un by repeated Adjoumine9$ts for Tn ts — F&rty-H^kl

Membert speak in favour of Free Trade, and i- uvh me on the side %tf
Protsfiion — Speeches of Lord Sandon, Ijtrd John Bnssell, Sir Iltjbert
In^lis. Mr, Sldnet/ Herbert, Mr. Stafford 0*Bnen, Mr, Skarmam
Crmrfordt the Marqim of Oratthy, Lord Wortley, Sir Jismm
Graham, Mr, Thomas Barintj, Viftcoiuit Morpeth, Mr. 3f. Gasksil,
Mr, Roebuck, Sir Hotrnrd Dounlas, Mr. W. Ma4^, Sir EobcH Peei,
L^rd John Mannerti^ Mr. Britjht, Mr, Disraeli, Mr* Cardvell, Mr,
Thomas Duncombe, Sir TJimnas Aclattd, Sir George Cterk, Mr.
Beckett Denixon^ Mr, V ill tern ^ Mr, Cobden, and Lard Otorye Brn^
timek — On a Ditision the Motion of Sir Robert Peel is carried, the
Atnendmeni of Mr, P, Mile$ being rejected by 337 against 240.

ON the 27Ui of Junuar?, Sir
Robert Peel, in accordance
vithbb notice, detailed in the House
his great scheme of
mnd financial poltcjr.
cd hii« speecli on this
hj ubserving* that in pur*
Ftitftccfi of the reconimendation
the S|>eech from the Tlin»ne,
be WttH about tu call upon the
IBoane t<|,rcv)ew the dvities which
to fto many articled, the
ICO mud manufacture of other
couDtried. He would proceed uu
thf h^^umpiion contained in II er
Majc-,ty 's Speech, tliat the repeat
ttf prohibjlorjr and the reiaratioii
flf protective duties was in itself i

fe

wiAe policj^ — that protectlro dti-
tied» abstractedly and in principle,
were open to objection — and thatp
though the poUcj of tbein migbl
in »ome c«aea be defended* it miiBt
aJwajs be on aome speeiaJ gromid
of national totereat, or of jiaatiee
towards ijidividaala. He waa also
ali^ut to aet od the aaatunptaoii
thatp during the la^t three jears,
there ho.d been an iBcreftaed pro-
>3 in the revemwm^ not-
V iiog a Urge remianon of

taxation ; that there bad been an
increased demand for kbonr ; and
that there had aldo been in-
creased eompetcDce. c^imfort, eon*
tentmeDt, and peace among ll^

30]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Ovbrni.

population. In adviBing the con-
tinued application of those prin-
ciples, which had produced such
salutary results, and which had
already heen sanctioned hy the
House, he was not inclined to
disregard the necessity of main-
taining puhlic credit unimpaired ;
and he was therefore prepared to
act with forhearance, in order
that he might not prejudice in
any respect the permanent inter-
ests of the country. It was pos-
sihlo that, owing to the numerous
and various interests which his
present proposition would affect,
an impression might arise that his
scheme was a rash one, and ought
to he discouraged. If such should
he the opinion of the partisans of
protection, nothing would he more
easy for them than to meet him on
an early night with a resolution
that protection to domestic indus-
try was in itself a good, and that
the principle of it ought to ho
sanctioned by the House. It might,
on the other hand, be the conclu-
sion of the House— considering all
the difficulties of this question, and
the nature of the contest which
had long existed, and would long
continue to exist, if there were not
a satisfactory adjustment of it —
that his proposition, extensive as it
was, ought to be accepted as a
whole, though there might be ob-
jections in detail to parts of it. If
that should be the conclusion of
the House, he should have confi-
dence in his ultimate success ; but,
if not, the sooner its disapproba-
tion was expressed, the better for
all parties. The great principle of
the relaxation of protective auties
he was not going to apply to any
one particular interest ; on the
contrary, he asked all the interests
of the country — manufacturing,
commercial, and agricultural — to

make the sacrifice, if it were one,
of their protection to the common
good. Of late years, the whole
tariff had heen submitted to the
review of the House. In 1842 he
had proposed, and in 1845 he had
carried out, to a very large extent,
a plan for remitting the duties on
the raw materials constituting the
elements of manufacture. There
was, at this moment, scarcely a duty
on the raw material imported fit>m
foreign countries which we had not
abandoned. He had, therefore, a
right to call on the manufacturer
to relinquish the protection of which
he was now in possession. The
only two articles of raw material
now subject to duty were tallow
and timber. He intended to re-
duce the duty on tallow from 38.2d.
to Is. 6d. a cwt., and to make a
gradual reduction on timber till it
reached a point at which it would
remain fixed, and which he would
definitely describe on a future day.
Having given the manufacturers
free access to every raw material
of manufacture, he called upon
such of them as were en^ftged in
making up the three articles, wool,
linen, and cotton, which formed
the clothing of the country, to give
a proof of the sincerity of their con
victions by relinquishing the pro-
tection which was now given to
the articles of their manufacture.
He made this call upon them the
more confidently, because it was
the manufacturing, and not the
agricultural interest, which first
called on the Government for pro-
tecting duties. He then stated
that he intended to relinquish all
duties upon the importation of the
coarser articles of manufactures in
wool, linen, and cotton, and to re-
duce the duties on linen and woollen
foods of a finer auality from 20 to
0 per cent. At present tbiere

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Englmd.

till the iBt of Februaiy, 1849, the
following duties Bhould be levied on
all wheat imported into this country
from foreign ports. Whenever the
average price of wheat should be
under 4Ss, a quarter in this coun-
try, the duty should be lOs, a
Suarter ; that above 48s. and un-
er 49;., it should be 9s, a quarter ;
that above 49«. and under 50s,, it
should be Ss. a quarter ; and so on
till the price reached 54«. a quarter,
when he intended to impose an
invariable duty of is, a quarter.
The enactments which he proposed
for all other descriptions of grain
would follow the scale of duties upon
wheat ; but he referred the House for
the details of them to certain papers
which he woidd have printed to lay
before them. There would, there-
fore, be levied on wheat at its pre-
sent price a duty of 4s,, instead of
the present duty of I6s, a quarter;
and every other grain taken out of
bond for consumption in the home
market would be liable to little
more than a nominal duty. Such
was the arrangement for the ad-
justment of this great question
which Her Majesty s Government
now offered to the House. He in-
tended to accompany that arrange-
ment with other provisions, calcu-
lated, he would not say to give
compensation to, but to advance the
interest of that portion of the com-
munity which would be called upon
to relinquish protection, with which
ho was himself more particularly
connected, and in the welfare of
which the prosperity of England
was deeply involved. He then re-
viewed some of the burdens which
fell on the land, and which he
thought capable of alleviation by
useful reforms, and not by trans-
feiTing them to other parties. First
among these burdens he placed the
highway rates. They were at pre-

sent administered by 16,000 local
authorities distributed throughout
the country. Nothing could be
more defective than that a highway
which united several distinct pa-
rishes should not be under the
control of one board, but should be
under the control of every distinct
parish through which it ran. In
each parish there was a different
surveyor of the high roads. The
system led of necessity to a lax ex-
penditure, and to very bad repara-
tion of the roads. He proposed to
compel parishes to unite themselves
into districts for the repair of the
roads. Those districts would be
generally the same with the Poor
Law unions, and thus the high
roads would be under the control
of 600 instead of 16,000 different
authorities. Another of the bur-
dens grievously, and he thought
justly complained of by the agri-
cultural interest, arose out of the
law of settlement. Under that
law, during manufacturing pro-
sperity, the rural population was
encouraged to migrate to the ma-
nufacturing towns. The peasant
thus migrating consumed the prime
of his life, and gave all the ad-
vantage of his strength to the manu-
facturers. A revulsion took place
in trade, and manufactures ceased
to prosper. The individual was
then sent back to the rural district,
and was thus transferred to a new
home, where he is unable to ob-
tain a livelihood, from being un-
used to rural employments. For
the pui*pose of not merely relieving
the land from a burden, but of also
protecting an indigent man from
mjustice. Government intended to
propose that the power of remova-
bility should be taken away in the
case of every labouring man who
had had a five years* industrial re-
sidence in any manufacturing town.

^Hffland*]

HISTORY.

[33

lo likewise proposed that tlie chil*
ten of any person, or the children
his wife, legitimate or Hlegiti-
Bate, ondcr aixteen» residing with
be father or mother, and the wife
any person, should not be
amoved where the removal of the
E^rson himself wfts prohibited,
further, he proposed tliat no widow
eliding with her husband at the
of Lis death should be re-
ttcivable for tweke months after
^s death from the parisli in which
resided at the time ; and^ lastly,
bat no order of removal should he
iken out on the ground of charge-
bnity shown to have been t^cca-
oned by accident or sickness.
nlcft» the removing magistrates
bould be satisfied that the elTocts
' the accident or sickness arc such
to be permanent and incurable,
Icrc, ftgain, by alteration of the
kw a great social advantage would
obtained, and the agricultural
literest would be relievcil from a
cat burden. lie then approached
iiother matter, in which he pro-
sod, without any Iobs to any other
ereet, a great advantage to the
jfricultural interest. There was
Miatural dread in that hUere^t of a
pry fonuidable competition on the
j^^tioa of lis present protection,
was impossible to duny that
ricultural science was yet iu tt3
pfancy ; ami he, therefore, pro-
ved that the State Bhoidd give
iities to the improvement of
Itufal skill and iuditstry.

)iik© of Ricbmoud Imd col-

Pled a ma?s of interesting evi-
&UCC to show the great capability
improvement which was inbe-
ent to all kinds of bind. ^luch
pncfit might be effected by iu*
leased draining. Mr, Pusey had
roposed several schemes for the
proveraent of land ; but great
mculiics occurred, especially
LXXJtVIIL

among the owners of entailed
estates, in raising the funds to
carry them into execution. Go-
vernment proposed that the credit
of the State should be enipb^yed
in enabling those improvements to
be made. An advance of Ex-
cliequer Bills i^hotdd bo made by
way of loan for the purjjose of
agricultural improvement, security
being of course taken to protect
the country against loss. The
right hon. Imrouet, after describ-
ing at some length the mode in
which these ailvances were to be
made and repaid, eoucludcd by
station; that that was another plan
by which be hoped to enable tho
agricultural interest to meet cum-
petition with the foreign grower.
With rei»pcct to the local burdens
pressing on the agriculturist, he
must declare at once tliat he could
not advise any alteration in the
mode of the assca^mcut of thu
poor-rates. It had been said that
they were a cbai'ge upon the land,
and that there shoubl be an alter-
ation in the mode of the levy. In
point of fact tbey were not a
charge upon the !uud. The oppo-
sition was between real and per-
sonal property. It was real pro-
perty upon which the poor-rate
was levied, as on mines, houses,
lands and mauufactoiieg. If the '
poor-rates were a charge for ge^J
neral objects, it would be just to
make personal property contribute;
but they ivcre a bical charge, and
personal property euuld m>t be
called on for contribution without
establishing an Inquitiitlon into
e\Qry pmn*s affairs, wliich, for the
minute objects of a poor-rate
raised to reheve local distress,
would not be tolerated. The rate
on personal property bad been
abandoned because it could not be
levied ; and therefore he was not

34]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. {En^^mi.

prepared to propose any alteration
in tho mode of assessment. He
would, however, relievo the agri-
cultural interest of the charge
of maintaining prisoners in the
county gaols, and would provide
for that charge by an annual vote
of that House. He also proposed
that that portion of the charge for

SroHccuting felons which was now
ofraycd in England and Wales
out of local rates imposed upon
tho land, should be transferred
to the State. The relief in point
of money would not be large ; but
if it enabled you to exercise an
iiicroasiMl control over prosecu-
tions, it would bo a great social
advantage. In Ireland, the relief
would amount to 17,000^, and in
England, to 100,000?. a year. He
then proceeded to contend, that if
tluTo was any part of the United
Kingdom likely to suffer from the
withdrawal of protection, it was
h'oland : f(»r Ireland had not, as
Hngland had, tho moans of finding
omploymont for her agricultural
population in lior manufacturing
dJHfriotH. Horc, again, he would
propoHO no roliof from local bur-
d(»uH which was not accompanied
by Hocial advantages. In Ireland,
tho ])olico was paid partly by tho
land, ami partly by tho Treasury.
11*' lH»li(»vod that it would be for
tho gonoral advantage to place the
]»olico (jutirely uiidor tho Treasury,
and to voHt the control of it in the
Executive Government. Such was
the recommendation of Lord De-
von's Commission ; and he, there-
fore, proposed that all the charge
for the rural police in Ireland
should thereafter be borne by the
])ublic Treasury. Sir Robert then
adverted to the subject of the
medical relief of the poor in this
country. He believed that there
was no part of the Poor Law which

had given greater or more jnrt
dissatisfaction. He proposed to
relieve the imions of half of the
charge on this score by taking it
upon the Government. He esti-
mated that the amount of charge
in that case would be 100,0001.
for England, and 15,000^. for Soot-
land. The subject of medical re-
lief in Ireland was^ under a diflbr-
ent system, and would shortly oe-
cupy the attention of the other
House of Parliament. He next
proceeded to intimate bis belief,
that in the parish workbonses of
England the provision for purposes
of education was very inadequate.
He did not purpose in any way to
interfere with the right now vested
in the board of guardians to ap-
point a schoolmaster or scbod-
mistress to superintend the educa-
tion of the pauper children ; that
right of appointment would remain
where it now was ; but Govern-
ment, in undertaking to provide
30,000^. a year for the salaries of
schoolmasters and schoolmistresses,
for the children of the destitute,
would reserve to itself power to
inquire into the qualifications of
those instructors, and a power of
inspecting, and, to a certain extent,
controlling the schools. Then,
again, as to the auditors of the
unions : he proposed that their sala-
ries, like those of the Conunissioners
and Sub-Commissioners, should be
defrayed at the public expense.

He called upon the House to
recollect that in every compensa-
tion which he had proposed for the
land, he had also proposed to give
to the community great social re-
lief. He therefore hoped that,
before this law was rejected,
both parties, if their immediate
views were not accomplished by it,
would recollect that it proposed
great benefits for society at hrge.

Eti^land,]

HISTORY.

[35

oad

IWbetlier those benefits would be
lufficient te induce both parties to
tovc their assent to his proposition,
m could not as yet tell ; but he
irished them to consider it calmly
and temperately, and to reflect
pen the consequences which might
ecruc from its rejection. He con-
' iided with two observations ; one
unnected with onr forci^ and our
onimercial policy, and another
[>nnccted with our domestic policy.
In malcing these great reductions
on the importation of articles, the
produce or manufacture of foreign
countries, he could give the House
sintee that foreign cotin-
J would follow our example,
had resolved to consult our
interests alone, and not to
other countries and our-
by continuing high duties,
the necessary concomitant of
btgh duties — ^smuggling, lie could
not promise them that foreign

Kntries would exhibit any grati-
e for what they were now doing,
the contrary, he might bo told
that many countries which bad
eneiited by the relaxation of our
ftties on their commodities had
iod a higher rate of duties to
gooda. lie relied on that fact
I encuuragement to j»roef»cd in
st courwe. Wliat had bceu
I result of those increased duties
_ our export trade ? Why, that
flourished in spite of them,
ae the smuggler of foreign
oonntrtes had been calle<l in by the
iliabitants to our aid. He was
ivinced that oiu* example would
lately be followed by foreign
ies, and that reason and tbu
QOn interest of the people and
Government in those con u tries
induce a relaxation of hos-
: tariffs. FIc illustrated ibis by
lice to recent publications in
ETmted States, Naples, Nor-

way, Sweden, Austria, and Han-
over. With respect to our domes-
tic policy, he had been asked wliy
he bad determined to disturb tbe
prosperity which had now lasted
for nearly three years. ** It bad
coexisted with the Corn Laws of
1842 — what reason was there to
disturb it?** His answer was,
that up to October last all those
indications of prosperity did ejdat ;
but since that time there had been
indications of sympatliy in the
manufacturing districts between
employment and the price of pro-
visions. What had occurred since
October, 1845, was one of the
grounds on which bo Jiad deter-
mined to bring forwani his present
proposition. Such wore the pro*
posals be had to ofter for the ulti-'
mate ailjustment of this great
question. lie believed that there
was at present between the master
manufacturers and the operatives,
a sympathy which did not prevail
in 1842, and wbicli led both of
them to the conclusion , that these
laws ought to bo altered. But
although that was the ease, there
was nothing but general content,
loyalty, and confidence on their
part in the wisdom of the Legis-
lature. But because there was a
calm, and no coercion, he entreated
hon. members to bear in mind that
the aspect of affairs might bo
changed. They might have worso
hanests, and therefore they ought
to avail themselves of an adjust-
ment of this question, which must
lUtimatelybemadc, anil which eould
not long be dflayed without endan-
gering the peace and security of the
empire- He rccoimuended his pro-
position to the calm consideration
of the House, in the hope that it
would, in the language of Her Ma-
jesty's Speech, ** promote friendly
feelings between aiffercnt classes*
[1.2]

36]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. lEn^Umd.

provide additional socurity for tho
continuance of peace, and main-
tain ccmtcntment and happiness
at homo hy increasing the com-
fortH and bettering the condition
of tlie ^rcat body of the people."
Hir II. Peel concluded his address
arnid loud cheers.

Ua Hliortly aftcrwnrds rose again
U) Hti^^CHt tliat tho discussion on
Win roHoltition sliould he taken on
that day week. Tlis measure in-
volved a /;reat remission of taxa-
tion, and, ihcTcforo, a defalcation
of tlio nivcMiuo. Besides, it in-
curri'd an annual charge amount-
ing at liMiHt to ()()().000;.

Mr. StalFord O'l^rien, Mr. Miles,
and otiior nHMnhcrn, then urged
ntmn Sir ilohcrt Pool the cxpe-
di<'n<ry of allowing a longer time
thiin lie had projwsed to give for
tlw. conh'HhM'ation of the measures
now oH'i'njd, before the discussion
wan roMunii'd. tSir Robert Peel
iiMhoiitiMl to tlio Huggostion ; but, at
tin* f'jiiiic linio, Htatod that he should
thi'u unk the House to proceed de
(lit' in dif'ni with the consideration
of th(Mn. In answer to certain
<lU('NtionH adilressed to him, ho
stated that h(^ could not exactly
calculate (h(^ jnobable effect upon
th(^ revenue^ from the adoption of
IiIh nropcmitions. He thought that
by llio iiltei-alion of the Excise du-
tiort he should hme one million,
but tin* revcMiue from that source
wiiH now iiH good as it bad been
bofon* tins r(»oent alterations, lie
had expected to lose foin* millions
by the former reductions of the
(^iHtoins' duties, but nothing of
that sort had occurred. He was,
therefore, unwilling now to estimate
th(j loss which would accrue to tho
existing revenue. The charge
which his scheme would impose
on the Consolidated Fund would
be an additional charge of 513,000^.

A desultory discuMion ensued ;
some members asking «dditumai
information, acme expressing hos-
tile opinions, oihera promising sup-
port. Mr. Nowdegate inquired if
Sir Robert Peel had formed any
estimate of the price wheat would
bear after his measure came into
operation. Sir Robert Peel re-
plied in the negative. Lord In-
gestre desired to know what pro-
vision had been made for the regu-
lation of the tithe averages. Sir
Robert Peel answered, that it was
not necessary to determine that
question at tho present time. In an-
Bwertofurtherquestionsonthe same
subject, from Lord G. Bentinck, he
answered that he did not propose any
alterations with regard to the tithe
laws, not anticipating any material
change in the price of wheat. If
there should be, the House ought
in justice to reconsider the subject.
Mr. Wodehouse inquired if it was
intended to submit to the House
any of the communications which
had been received from some of
the crowned heads of Europe. Sir
Robei*t Peel said, that any con-
vention entered into would be laid
on the table. There had been
some strong expressions by the
Secretary of the American Trea-
sury with regard to a relaxation of
the American tariff, and ho ex-
pected shortly to be able to lay
on the table a convention with
Naples in favour of free trade.

Mr. Curteis thought the duty on
hops ought to have been repealed,
and for not doing so the Ministers
would incur the censure of the hop-
growing counties. Ho wished Sir
Robert Peel to take the case into
consideration, but would not press
for an answer.

Sir Robert Peel said : " But I
must give you an answer ; and, if I
were in private, I would earnestly

England,]

advwe tlie honourable gentleman

.not loencourttge the hop-^rowuis in

IXcnt and Sussex to agitate this

BucMion/* III 1842, when ho pro-

I posed to reduce tlie duty from 10/.

> 4^ 10*., he w^as told it would ruin

b© home-gruwer : hut what was the

^f Why iL \0s. had proved as

il a prohibition as the fornier

lutv of 10/. ; the whole auioMiit of

luty paid at the reduced rate hoiug

\i\x lOr He thought that a

luty of 21. \0s. would conft^r a fair

ction. With regard to the

ilxciac duty of 18*. on home-grown

lkop», the atute of the revenue did

ot admit of any further reduction.

Several members cjtprcsHcd dc-

Bnuiued Iioatility, atnong whom

re re — Mr, Stafford (_rBrien, the

fl^firl of March, Sir John Tyrell,

l^d Colouel Sihthorpj who severely

Ruuled the Ministers with tergi-

fttion and i neon bis tcney. Lord

ttg<«trc. Mr. Ltddell, 'Mr. R*

Scott, and Lonl Newport ex-

J pressed disapproval of the sehoinc,

riliou|ir)i ill niore measured terniB.

Mr. Hume. Mr. Wakloy, Mr.

^Gisboriic, and Mr. Phihp Howard,

Ifongly supported the proposl-

'ilOTMl,

Mr. Sidney Uerhert (who had
L^^en twitted by the Earl of March
ifor changing his opiniuns) declared
ffhat his views had altered, not
[from any wish for power, nor for
lirwrryiniy^ favour or popularity with
la |K»cuiiarly ngricultural const itu-
[•Micy. hut from a conviction that
I the pro{H>sed clianges would effect
rmucii good. He himself had »ug-
lfe«»tod some of them, and was ready

explain, advocate, and defend

em.

It was finally arranj;^e«l that tlic

Iflouae hliould enter on the diseus-

kion on Sir Robert Peers motion

go into Coumiitteo on hifi rcj^u-

iona on the Dth of Fehruarv.

On that evening, accordingly,
the debate commenced* and was con-
tinued, by repeated adjournment.^,
into the third week, when it finally
terminated, on the 27th of Fe-
bruary, by a diviKion on the twelfth
night. Forty-eight members spoke
in favour of free trade, lifty-tive on
the Bidi3 of protection ; nmkhig a
total of 103 speeches delivered.
It would he vain to attempt, within
our allfittcd limits, to give even a
brief sunimary of the individual
speeches. We shall, thcMcfore,
confine ourBelves to an endeavour
to pre:4Cnt the more proToinent ar-
guments whifh were urged on either
side of the <|ue.stiun, by select-
ing sumc of the principal speeches
as a sample «d' the rcst» and exhi-
biting, iji a condeuiHed r**nn» the
grounds on wlueh tliey maiidy a up-
ported their views,

Tlie debate was commeneed,
after a great number of jictitiona
bad been presented on both side»,
liy Mr. Philip Miles, M.P. for East
Stunerscisldre, who moved aB an
amcndmeut, ** That the House do
r esol V e i t s el f i n t o I he b ai d C om m i 1 1 ec
on that duy si.x months." He
t^aid hf did n(»t see any necessity
for departing frum a course of pt>-
licy wliich had been puiKued in this
country from an uarly period of its
history, and under wldeli It IhuI
risen to great eminence. Trne,
there hfl.s been a failure of the po-
tato crop in Irehmd ; but the crop
in this country had been very hugr,
Tliat fuoiioe was not apprt-h ended
was shown by the fact that wheat
was then at 5Gs. a quarter, a price
which, in 184-, Sir liobert I'ecl
thought a fair one. Takirig prices
into acci>uut» and the circum stance
tliat Sir Robert's et>lleagae,s had re-
fused tti assent to the opening ui tbe
ptuis, Mr. Miles was led to think
that the cauBc of protection hud

J

38]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Mn^Umi.

Yicun long doomed in the mind of
the Ministori and that the proposi-
iicHiH now made had sealed its fate,
lie did not deny that there were
partH of the nieasure from which
nenefit would be derived ; but he
doomed the continuance of a mo-
d<«rato amount of protection essen-
tial to the welfare of the country,
llo had brought forward his motion
not (Ml account of tho agricultural
int<*roHt alone, but of all the inter-
OMts of t)i(* country : he was con-
noctcd witli them all. He knew
tlin difli<;ultioM which stood in his
way in tho Houho ; but he should
not bo diHboartoncd, knowing that
a larg(« and inihuMitial party with-
out tlio walU hold opinions in ac-
rorduiico with his own. One chief
objection entertained by him to
tho proposed measures was, that
bo rould Hoo no end to them :
rvory HOHHioii would bring addi-
tioim! oliango ; and when all these
tbiiigH woro coiiHidered, he thought
tlio opinion of tho constituencies
(Mi^bt to be taken bofore the mca-
Hut'oH wont alb)Wod to pasH. He did
not tliiiik tbat tb<« rooont prosperity
of tbo ('ountry was altogether to be
attributod to tbo measures of Sir
llobort roe). Wbon Sir Robert
Huc((!o{bMl to oilico trade was in a
bail Mtiito, owing, mainly, to a suc-
coHHion of bad IiarvcHtH. Railroad
Hpcunibition H])rang up, labour came
to bo in demand, prices rose, and
tb<^ tormination of the wars in lu-
^diu and China gave a great im-
potus to trade. Adding to these
tbo HUccosBion of good harvests,
ho could not admit that the pro-
Hpcrity boasted of was attributable
entirely to Sir Robert Peers po-
licy. Neither was the state of ex-
ports a test of prosperity. The
foreign markets had been glutted,
China and India had been inun-
dated with British goods. When

the proposed mmniB mated mto
law, the eouBtij would be inun-
dated with foreign gooda, to the
diBOGoragement ^ the home trade.
Wages on Failroada and pnblie
works might for a time be higher,
bat reduction woold soon come.
In many things the maanfactorer
possessed a great advantage orer
the fanner ; hb establishment was
much better conducted. {LaughUr.)
He could exercise a better control
over his servants, and he was not
so heavily hardened with taxation.
On this point, Sur Robert Fed's
professed compensation was alto-
gether inadequate ; and Mr. Miles
believed that the agricnltnrists
would almost have been better
pleased had nothing at all been
offered.

As to the Colonies, ' Mr. Miles
thought the Ministexial scheme
most imperfect. If the principle
of the Canada Com Bill were ge-
nerally extended, he would not
withhold his support. If free-trade
principles were to prevail, they
ought to be extended to the Colo-
nies ; and the manufacturer of this
country ought not to be allowed to
have a monopoly of the colonial
market.

Sir W. Ileathcote seconded the
motion, but declared that he did
not intend to follow those who had
charged Sir Robert Peel with dis-
honesty in the proposition of these
measures.

The plan professed to be a great
and comprehensive scheme of free
trade, which it was not ; but, even
if it had been impartial, he would
still have looked upon it as a step
in a downward course leading to
evil. He was not a^id to avow
that the legislation of the last
twenty years in the same direc-
tion had produced greater evils
than had been supposed, but the

England,]

k^xteDt had been concealed tlirotjgh
I the enormous growth of our colo-
[jmaI trade. But now, for the first
lime» Govermnent was declaring it-
U against the continuance of the
Bolonijil poUc}% and was taking the
irst step towards severing connec-
tion between the Colonies and the
mother country.

In the course of his arguurent
§ir William adverted to a difficulty
which presented itself to those
iiemhers who sat on his side of
lie House — the risk of upsetting
be Government hy opposing the
aisterial scheme. But as Sir
obert Peel had claimed credit to
I himself for not being actuated hy
personal objects, ho ought to con-
cede to his supporters the posses-
sion of the same motives ; and
if, on their deciiling against those
meftsuresj the right lionoural)Ie
baronet were induced to throw
up Uio Government, why, on him^
and not on those who generaUj
supported him, would be the
ttponsibility attending such a
iC4)unie, For his own part, al-
gh thus differing ftom Sir
Peel iin one impoilant
[it« ho would not be induced
lie withhold from him a geueral
iupport.

Lord S&ndon had not been
convinced by the arguments ad-
duced by Sir Robert Peel that
his new policy wais the right one,
yet hi? had resolved tu support it.

He feared tho eti'ect would be to
render the sphere of competition
or and larger, and he saw no
nd in the experience of three
(Nmeculior and artificial cir-
cs to justify the risk.
The danger was not so great
even to the landlords as it was
[to the farmers and labourers.
I TI19&0 and other reasons had in-
i<daoed him to consider well before

assenting to so great a change.
But the country must be governed.
Upon a question like protection,
he thought that unless it was
supported by the groat mass of
enlightened opinion, there was
no chance of its maintaining its
ground in such a country as this.
He felt that when opinions
hostile to protection had been
pronounced by the great leaders
on both sides of the House, and
when it was opposed by all the
gentlemen who had ever sat in
the Government except two, it
was no longer a matter for dis-
cuasion ; but the only question
was the way of doing it. He
looked upon it, as the French
said, as tm fait accompli — it
was settled* It might be railed
against^ but the country must he
governed ; and when the only per-
sons who could govern the country
were of one opinion, the sooner it
was settled the better it would be
for all parties. Let the gentlemen
around him struggle and resist,
there might be months or a year
of emhitterment, during which
they might im settle every branch
of trade and agriculture itself;
but they nmat come to the same
result. lie saw, therefore, that
it was only a (|UeBtion of time.
He did not feel the same excessive
apprehetLsions from the experiment
as some others di<l, otherwise he
would have been prepared to act
with them. He thought Govern-
ment were taking a dangerous
step ; but he did not think that
millions of acres would be thrown
out of cultivation in consequencCt
or tlmt uiillions of lahourcri* would
be thrown out of employment. Ho
saw in the act, indeed, a hazardous
experiment; at t!ie same time, not
sharing to their full extent in the
apprehensions felt by others, and

I

I

40]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. IBn^lmd.

not seeing how, in the result, they
niust not ultimately eome to what
was now proposed, he felt hound
to give it his support. The Cora
Laws were not a question of reli-
gion, of faith, or of morals ; and
ho must pursue that courso which
ho heliovod to he most consistent
with the real interests of tho coun-
try.

Lord John Russell supported
tho measures, heing the first
mcnihor who rose on the op-
position side of tho House.
Lord John hcgali with some ge-
neral arguments in favour of re-
moving protection. Ho admitted
that tho theoretical writers had
thrown little light on the proper
mode of effecting the transition to
a diiforont state, and he allowed
that tho transition could not he
made without the risk at least
of some suffering. lie derived
courage, however, from the suc-
ooHS which has attended the
dreaded transition from prohibi-
tion to protection, made by Mr.
HuBkisson, and recently by Sir
Robert Peel.

Sir K. Pool now proposed to go
boyontl tho reduction of duties to
i\\v\v abolition.

*• 1 am of opinion that if the
riglit honourable gentleman had
undortttlion this task, in 1842,
in a difforciit spirit, and had made
a far greater reduction in the du-
ticH on corn than ho then made,
it would have been better for the
agriculturists as a body, and better
for tho country in general ; but,
t\v matters stand now, I am ready
to say, seeing the contest that is
going on — seeing the struggle that
would go on if you attempted any
intcnnediate step, either of a slid-
ing-scale over a few shillings or a
small fixed duty — I am prepared
to say, as, indeed, I have al-

ready md in public, that I think
the abolition of the duty is the
most expedient course for a Goveni-
ment to propose to Parliament.
Considering tne plan of the right
honourable gentleman as a great
measure — ^as a measure that is to
lay the foundation of a completely
new principle with regard to our
commercial legislation — that prin-
ciple heing neither to foster one
trade nor the other, neither to at-
tempt to promote agriculture nor
manufactures, hut to Icaye them
'to flourish or to fade,' according
to the energies and skill of the
people of this country — and be-
lieving that is the sound principle,
I am prepared to give eyery sup-
port I can to the plan brought for-
ward by the right honourable gen-
tleman."

With regard to the new system
of cora duties, proposed by Sir
Robert Peel for three years, every
thing tended to strengthen the
opinion expressed by Lord John, in
December, in favour of immediate
change. The farmers exclaim —
" If we are to have the system of
free trade instead of protection, let
us know at once what that system
is to be. If there is any danger
to the English farmer from compe-
tition, it can only be increased by
the lapse of time ; and the circum-
stances of the present year, with
the failure of the crops abroad,
render it pecidiarly favourable to
the change. I think, the way
in which the immediate prospect
of the duty being reduced to 4*.
has been encountered in the mar-
ket— for, I believe, tho price of
corn has generally rather risen than
otherwise — is a proof that thero
is no great danger at the present
moment. If there be any danger
to encounter, it is when, both on
the Continent of Europe and in

Ert^lmid.]

HISTORY.

[41

the Unitinl St&ios^ preparations
mode, tUii groiind lias been
ilivatcd, and the scc^l has been
owij, witli a view to send in lar^e
ipplieH to the EogHsh market,
'. then at thftt rery moment
dutj is to cease. It is as if
Ho right honourable gentleman
to furnish the farmer with
ftt coat, provided he wore it
in the sum me r* and were to
te it a condition that lie shovdd
e it off' when Christmas amYcd.
will put it to the right lionuiir-
ble gentknnan whether he will not
consider that part of liis plan.
oud chirn.) But, as I have nl-
iy said, I wish the plou of the
jfht honourable gentleman to sue-
ed ; 1 wi^h to sec his mt^asure,
fiUi respect to com, successful
this and the other Itousc of
rlioment, and no vote of mtiie
tend in the least to endnn-
tr a measure of such a charac-
If, therefore, when we come
Bto committee the right honour-
ble gentleman tells me that ho
us considered the representations
from various parts of tlie
ry, but that npuu the wljole
considers the delay of tliree
*8, and the duty to be imposed
mean time, an essential part
his ]da«, I for my part shall go
Dut with the riglU honijiiruble f^<^ii-
Hema n u|>on it/* ( Lott d v h tcrs, )
Inch need not be said with
to other parts of the plan,
nr might fur the present be
sscd over. Duties on nmnuf'aO'
urea, of a protective kind, unless
elding a large amount oi revenue,
Bglit, in justice to tlie agiicuU
1st, to be removed altogether ;
ought to be shown that p re-
el ion is abandoned as a principle
ricious in itself and injurious to the
uuntry. Sir R. Peel had proposed
igivc relic^f with ref^pect to certain

local burdens : tho»e amendments of
the law were upon their own grtiund
just, but no compensation ought to
Ije offered. Formerly Fjord John
had doubta whether the land did
not sustain more than its due sliaro
of local burdens ; but he found that
whenever a proposal for inquiry was
made it was resisted, wliicli made
him suspect that a case could not
he made out. If he had had to
propose a scheme, it nngbt have
diilered from Sir R. reel's ; but
there wuuld not have been any
more very material relit-f Sir II.
Feel had this alternative — ^eiibcr to
devote the surplus in the exchequer
to the eq^ualization of burdens, or
to remove those buidens by an in*
crease of taxation.

*' Now, that iueicase of taxa-
tion, I think, would be a most
inexpedient course, I believe it
would expose the land<^d interest
to very great unpopularity ; 1 be-
lieve nothing they could gain in
point of uioney would be equal
to the odium wliieb would attach
to them, if it was to be said that
the taxes of the couuiry were to
be increased in order to provide a
compensation for the abolition of
the Cuin Laws. For these rea-
sons, iheref(ue, I .-ay iit once that
1 concur in the geut*ral scheme of
the right bonourablu gentleman,
I wish that the repeal Ijad been
immediate instead of deferred; but,
in the present state of atfaiis, see-
ing the attachment that there is
on the jmrt of a large portion of
the conmiunity to this protective
system, 1 think the mlvantago so
great of getting rid of thut piystcm
as respects corn in thrre years,
iind of almost every other protec-
tion giving way in j mediately after-
wards, unless it lie really some
ease whiek will hear nrgnment,
that I am unwilling to disturb in

42]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. lEngUmd.

any way the settlement of tbis
question/'

Ho proceeded to notice a re-
mark, by Mr. Lascellos, that the
present measures would be more
■uooessfuUy carried by those now
in power than by the Whiffs.
Plans of moderating duties he
thought were not properly Whig
measures, nor were they exclu-
sively Tory measures ; and when
such i)lans wore proposed by the
Whig Ministers, in 1841, they were
opposed by many who would have
Hup]>ortod them, but who were pre-
V(«ntod by party ties. Mr. Lascelles
was an honourable exception to that
rule, l^ut if Sir R. Peel was more
able to carry thcso plans, it would
bo by tbo aid of tno opposition.
(«• Hoar, hoar! *' from Sir Robert
reel and (tome other members.)
** if tho right honourable gentle-
man has the glory of adopting
plans of commorcial freedom which
will benefit his country, which will
enable the poor man to got a bet-
tor reward for his labour, which
will increase the demand for all
the productions of this country,
and which, after those questions
are settled, will, I hope, open the
way to the moral improvement
of the people, hitherto prevented
by their want of adequate means
of comfort — if the right honour-
able gentleman has the glory of
carrying a measure fraught with
such large and beneficial results,
let ours be the solid satisfaction,
that, out of office, we have asso-
ciated together for the purpose of
aiding and assisting the triumph
of the Minister of the Crown.*'
{Much cheering.)

Sir R. Inglis commented severely
on those who had deserted protec-
tion. He did not accuse his right
honourable friend of sordid motives;
he was satisfied that his recent

changes were dictated bj motiTei
most pure and honourable — he
could be actuated by no eonceb-
able motiye but a sense of da^.
Precisely in proportion, howeTer»
was he to be diatroBted ; for if he
were now a great statesman, aU
his former propositions must be
wrong, and all his past conduct,
that not of a statesman — he must
hold himself as having hitherto
acted as a statesman who was in-
sensible to the real wants and ne-
cessities of the country. There
was his noble friend (Lord J<^
Russell) — ^whateyer he sud — whe-
ther he said he would carry out
the Appropriation Clause, or that
he would support the Established
Church — ^he might be relied upon
for making good to the utmost of
his power. Sir Robert Inglis would
rather trust an enemy who would
tell him what he meant to do, than
one who — he would not exactly
call him an enemy — ^but one who
had acted as the right honourable
baronet had done ; for the right
honourable baronet could not ful
to see how he had broken up a
great party. He deeply deplored
that event; but he should, if possi-
ble, say nothing to excite an angry
feeling.

Mr. Sidney Herbert vindicated
the measure and its authors with
much ability. He combated the
allegation that there was no suf-
ficient dearth in Ireland to war-
rant the proposed interference ; he
avowed, also, that the Com Law
of 1842 had failed on its first seri-
ous trial by adverse circumstances.
Lord Sandon had expressed his re-
gret that the measure should have
been proposed by Sir Robert Peel's
Government: "I have no hesitation
in saying," continued Mr. Herbert,
"that I held the same opinion, and
that I strongly advocated the neces-

tn^lafid^]

HISTORY.

[43

of iniruBtmg it to other hands

tiftn ours. The nohle lord (John

ell) ia a recent conrert to free

Imde; but I think that, as latterly

ko lifts, from hts party coDnoctions,

bMa BO much mixed up with the

he had a better right than

: had to bring forward this mea-

and I for one ah odd have

en heariily glad if ho had under-

ken lid conduct/'

Mr, Herbert advcrtod to the

apiaint that the introduction of

LIS measure by the Government

ironld bo a fatal blow to the com-

nation of parties, and the system

which our poHtical conatitutton

, been carried on.

It has been said, that party is

of our constitution. I think

. is contrary to the whole spirit of

iir constitution. I am not one of

bose who wish to sec the constitu-

^of this country rendered more

El tic than it is ; I cannot

that the public mind wishes

it to be more democratic than it is*

think lato events have rather

bown that the mantles of despotic

ngs who disgraced the world have

Jleo upon democratic, rather than

temperate and mixed govern-

Dts. I wish to see the aristo-

lie element preserved in otir

dtution ; and it is upon that

ccount 1 say, do not peril it on

quefetiou in which your motives

Bay be impugned, when once you

I convincctl, as 1 am. that these

not for the good of the

1 say that, with that

nion, no earthly power can in-

uc© me to rise from this bench

I defend them.

• Within the last fifty years great
banges have taken place in the
oastitution of the country. The
Danufatsturing power has increased
► &a enontiouft degree ; it has be-
a ponnanent element in our

society; it is the great source of
our maritime power ; by extending
it you are able to carry your insti-
tutions into every part of the world,
to civiUze and eialt the remotest
and wildest regions : the men who
contribute to those advantages are
entitled to a full share of the ad-
vantages of the State. " He awaited
to see the two interests of agricid-
turc and manufactures firmly united ;
and he believed that the measures
of the Government tended to that
union.

Mr. Stafford 0*Brien denied that
there existed, as Lord J, Russell re-
presented» an impression among the
farmers that the repeal of the Corn
Laws, if it took place at all, should
take place immediately. He re-
gretted that the agricultural in-
terest had not an opportunity of
publicly and constitutionally de-
claring their opinion. Alluding to
the assertion of Mr. S. Herbert,
that the law of 1815 was tlio
greatest error the landlords had
ever committed, he asked who it
was that had urged those very
landlords not to retract, but to
persevere in their so-called error'?
After the late deularations^ he
wanted to know upon what prin-
ciples parties iii this country were
in future to be kept together?
Not f»nly had the present Govern-
ment changed its principles since
it came into office, but it had also
taught ns this vahiable truth —
that parties in this country were
no longer tu he kept together by
distinctive principles. Mr. Sidney
Herhert had told them that the
law of 1842 had signally failed.
What he wanted to know was this
— **Did that law fail to the Sidney
Herhert of 1845. or to the Sidney
Herbert of 1846?'* The Sidney
Herbert of 1845 found that it failed
because it let in corn too freely ;

ii\

ANNUAL REGISTER, ISifi. I

»»,/. A*^Uf**f llMUri iif \Hiii friuml
Mitf if UiUu\ Uumtw^ it roMruiUid
fh'« fr-r.^ im|i'ffUH<'fi *tf <forii. Mr.
-ti'lf.^/ fff'fliMl MAkftil t(Mi iniiAh,
if !•'« .%tf|r{f'f4Ml llml tttft <Wll Lll«^
,^ l'!|{ M.tfM. Iiy ftny liiiifiaii iii-
,^. i..if»/, t«'* fMM<lf» i«i AiiMwor this

./,„«^ /rf n Mifliitltf iif Ml IttlAII^O-

Aitl- n r<.M.i.MnfMMii Tint fiiitiiro
.,f n )i V ^'{itAli l)f»«l viimtiiiMlftil two
^, in Attit fntlf'fl /iiity oiMi y<mr,
f'.,' M'.» A '.•tfn/'M^fii fhiiHifii wtiy
I,., -1. .,14 i/'ii'^ lilt tlift tirifi(ii|>l(iN

,r ., i'|,..t.. Iif<. M^ Mm'II IMftMiHl

M. Ar..if(ri^fi»'« ivliiol) Ml. Hiiliiny

II rKi-,f lt#i(l (Ini^li ruiMl nil ii«lif(-

,/. • .(I'M 'ff 111'* f'lmfiM'4 fif riiiiiiiio

... Kllfl'l] Nflft I:fl||llt||llllll lllUt,
• '■ M '•it)r|r(rMI^ lll'^ turUlfll IvtlU'Jl

Ml mnnttniitli vri^K- ftillllillMl tU

), . »rif.. fflMllifli VVIfillfl lint III!
n'^r»'•«f, ImiI «VMll«l HVKIl Rl^ /(I'Plllly
A (/(/r <% "t »«.'!, try |Im> rliiiit^ttii now
^,fttff<t.tl hi Hif- < 'III II I'MWn. llu

/w.flil if/il Nj/iiiii iviili tliti iimiiOiti-
!,'.#• 'rf L'imI liiliii KiinHi'll, that
tt*,^t.i.hntt Iff ii^iiriiUiiris wuN no
Lri,/M ili.rMmililit i Hiiil, in roinr-

«.«H-i. h$ 111.-. iirBiHliiili lllllt luhdlir

•"•• Dtt. |»iif|fi.H y 111 liitt iiiMir man,

ttUnttvni, Hiai H Witn wiOl I'oi' lliosu

M|»«f liM'l ii.*.i il n|i tlnit jin»|MTty
htfi. I nii'lly III tiin iiiiiiiiif:U'(urinjr
'liiMiir, iti f'iiiitM I'mwitrd anil Hay
1*11*^ llml tvii iiiipriil In liH it alnnc.
VVi. t^iir )iiii|iMniiiliii^; tlio most

l:«.)l).ill it'fi'llilltin wlinll wo lirou^llt

f«/fMaiit oKunnri'it (if wliioli tlio
j«r</Ai:il ifltjiM'l wiirt tn leuvo tlio
j/</«/i' liiuu vvitliniiL pt'olootion, and
.-.i; lit rnitsi^n liini to unniiti<^ated
jiiiii. lilt liiid hiM'ii iiCL'Urttomcd to
roiiftidiM' tlio |>r(>Hont as a landlords*
fpnt-stion. llo was convinced that
hii had ht'on wrong. It was not a
landlordri' question, but a tenant-
faniUTH' mioBtion ; and, being such,
he refused to alter the existing law
ndative to the importation of foreign
corn, lie then drew a highly co-

hmnd mKVBn if -^

and the Iii)«b«

plr/red — ^vkMc

worth iiMK ikam ȣ ^t

the nev-fan^M 6ueaiuei %£ Mr.
Cobden ehcMld W earned iittt
execution under tbe umioa if
Hir R. Peel, rinr gzvtt ikrii
was that thcj, Gke ibeir laad-
lordH, had tnisted in ilie £uik «f
the Legislatiire, and the ausfer-
tuno which thej would most de-

{doro in their eomiiMii raia woald
)0 the loss of an coafidencg in
pubHc men.

Mr. S. Crawford consideTCd that
the eloquence of the last speaker
WAS much greater than the power
of hiri arguments ; for thoogh he
])rofuHscdly took great interest in
tho welfare of the working man,
ho hIiowihI the value of his profea-
hIoiih by refusing to giro to that
working man cheap food. Nothing
would promote the prosperity of the
country so much as cheap com, and
therefore it was that ho wished to
rejieal overy tax which was imposed
on its importation from foreign
countries. lie then entered into
a discussion upon the social and
domestic condition of Ireland, and
npon the bearing of the changes
now proposal upon the labouring
population of that country ; and
after warning tho House that the
danger of famine in Ireland was
not visionary, but actual and 8ul>^
stuntial, ooncludoil by declaring
his intention of giving his cordial
support to the proposition of Her
Majesty's Government on this oc-
casion.

The Marquis of Granby believed
that Sir Robert Peel was actuated
by the most pure and honourable
motives; but if ho had promulgated
in 1841 the same opinions which

Vngland,}

HISTORY.

[4^

he now entert&tncd, he would not
have proposed them now as a Mi-
nister of the Crown. It was not a
fikir way of putting the question to
_Mij that the labourer* if the Com
awa were repealed, would be cn-
ed to huy cheaper bread. The
aestion was, would he be able to
\iy and to cat more bread ? lie
afraid that the labourer would
ot be able ; for where subsistence
cheap, labour was cheap also,
ad the condition of the population
misenihle. Sir Robert Feel
ftd told the nonse that he eould
Lit hold out hopes that foreign na-
oiia would follow our example, or
: the regulations of their tariffs.
Jut cvoH if the J did, you nught in-
j^e&A^ jour exports, but in the same
rtion your home consumption
aufactnres wottld fivll nlF, us
ar agriculturists would he dc-
ved of funds wherewith to pur-
them. He should support
"^ principle of protecliou» which
mainly conduced to the great-
the happiness, and welfare of
ireat Britain.

Lord Worsley observed that this
aeasure was not brought forward
ier Majesty's Government as a
■are which they deemed right,
[ as a measure which peculiar cir-
CUro stances had rentlered ex]M?dient.
5t general election no cry
_eneral as that of ** Peel,
ha farmer's fncud ; " but now,
Peel, the farmcr^s friend/* was"
lintroduciKg a mcuRure which n\-
fjxiost every farmer in the coun-
try considered as pregnant with
mill to himself and his property*
I Noticing the obdervation vf Mr.
I Sidney Herbert, that the country
I gentlemen of England were cntcr-
Itaining apprehensions of the pro-
I posed change not very creditable
I to their good sense, he asked who
were the parties who had first

poured those apprehensions into
the agricultural mind ? They were
no less personages than Sir Hu-
bert Peel and Sir James Graham,
Having read, amid the cheers and
laughter of the HouBCf extracts
from tlveir speeches in direct con-
tradiction to the many ndvantnges
which they now procliiimed as likely
to result from free trade, he ob-
served, that with the. recollection
of these specchea fresh in their
memories it was impossible that
the farmers would not at the next
general election cliooae such repre-
sentatives as would enable them
to demand a revision of the Corn
Laws, even if they wore defeated
in their present opposition to the
new-fangled scheme of Government,
The question, tlrerefore, would not
be bcttled even if the present mea-
sure were passed ; but he hoped
til at it would not be passed even by
the present Parliament, which was
elected as a protection Parliament;
for it was neither wise nor e(juit-
able to enact a permanent law to
meet a mere temporary evil. He
urged upon the Government the
propriety of appealing to the coun-
try upon thin stibject, and of taking
the opinion of the constituencies
whether they would fkr would not
abandon protective duties. If they
did nut, they must remain in their
present jminful position, in which
they were dejtendcnt *>u their op-
ponents for support.

Sir James (irahani, in a speech
of considerable length, suppitrted
the motion. lie began by admit-
ting explicitly that his opinions
on the Com -law question had
undergone a great change, and
by thi^ admission he said he
would dispose at once of tli<? ci-
lations from his former speeches
which Lord Worsley had made.
He then proceeded to explain the

46]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [BngUmd.

reasons of the change which had
taken place in his opinions, and
to apply certain tests to try the
honesty of that change. The first
test would have reference to his
private interests in this question.
He must therefore inform the
House that his private position
as a landlord who had inherited
a largo portion of inferior land,
exposed him, if this change should
prove injurious, to as great risk
as any landowner in the country.
Lord Worsley had insinuated that
the Government had hrought for-
ward the present measure, not he-
cause it was right, hut hecause it
was expedient. Now, he distinctly,
assorted that the Government had
hrought it forward, not only be-
cause it was expedient, hut also
because it was right. He denied
that this alteration would be in-
jurious to the poor, and contended
that it would give cheaper bread
to the working population. The
question, therefore, narrowed it-
self within this compass — ** Is the
maintenance of the Com Laws
conducive to the interests of the
majority of the community, and
is it calculated to procure for the
population a cheap and abundant
supply of food?** and that question
he proceeded to argue at consider-
able length. He admitted that the
imforeseen circumstances which oc-
curred after the close of the last
session had exerted great influence
in producing the change of opinion
;Rrhich he was now about to defend.
Those unforeseen circumstances
were the condition of the harvest,
which though not deficient in qua-
lity was variable in quality, and
the great failure of the potato crop
throngh all the domestic dominions
of Great Britain. In Ireland the
failure was so universal that it
would become necessary before

many days elapsed to make a
grant of pablic money to purchaae
food for its inhabitants. But could
any Minister take upon himself the
responsibility of asking the people
of Great Britain to submit to a tax
for such a purpose whilst their own
food was enhanced in price by ar-
tificial regidations? He certainly
could not ; and, therefore, he had
proposed that the law should be
suspended ; but he foresaw the
necessity of abolishing if you once
suspended it. Since the year 1842
those whose duty it was to watch
public events had had experience
leading to the most decisive con-
clusions. He might confess, now
that the danger was passed, that
the year 1842 itself was a year
of the greatest danger. It was a
time of high prices and of scarcity,
and the danger arose from the want
of the means of subsistence among
the working classes. What an
alteration had been accomplished
in the last two years ! We had
had abundant harvests — ^with them
came abundance of employment
and low prices. Perfect tranqidl-
lity and comparative hapniness now
prevailed, and nothing could be
more striking than the contrast
between the content of 1845 and
the disaffection of 1842.

Sir James Graham then pro-
ceeded to compare the statistics of
crime in the six counties of York-
shire, Lancashire, Warwickshire,
Gloucestershire, Cheshire, and
Staffordshire, in the years 1841
and 1842, when the prices of a
quarter of wheat varied from 66$.
to 57s,, with those of the same
counties during the years 1844
and 1845, when the prices ave-
raged 50^. a quarter ; and he im-
pressed upon the landlords the ne-
cessity of having a settlement of
this question, and reminded them

England.]

HISTORY.

[47

the

reat

that tliftt Bettlement could only be
compliflhed by an abolition of
ditties. Sncb an abolition
I render tlie law certain, would
-iness to pncos, and would
landed interest of a re-
rhicb had often been cast
on it» of wringing from the poor
their own advantage a paltry
of rent. It had been said
by proposing this abolition a
party had been broken — so-
relation*) bad been dissevered
and that a powerfid Adniinistra-
on would be broken up. Though
should regret the two first
esults, ho shoidd bo consoled for
ho last, if it took place, by bis
Lief that the proposition of bis
(fht hon. friend would save a
At and powerful nation from
ery, anarchy, and ruin.
Mr. Tt Baring ejqvressed his
Mfeep regret that he was compelled
io give his vote on this question in
lition to a Government which
hitherto supported, and in
patriotism he still tnisted.
experience of the last three
; was not a sufficient justifica-
for adopting, without hesita-
on or reseryo* a great experiment,
would shake the security of
who were interested in the pro-
perity of agriculture, and which
[>uid open a future to the whole
Duntry of which no man could
the result. After alluding
< the nllegation of Ministers, that
famine was impending over Ire-
a^nd. and after contending that
snal distress ought not io induce
change a permanent law, he
[led to express the surprise
^ which he felt at hearing Sir
James Graham assert that he
^ would not be the Minister to pro-
><j8e, and that this would not bo
Parliament to consent » to the
tion of a tax for the pur-

pose of supplying the starving
people of Ireland with food, so long
as the price of corn in Great
Britain was enhanced by artificial
regulations. Talk of want in
Iroland ! Jlo believed that the
greatest want under which the
cntmtry laboured at present was
the want of Ministers, and the most
appalling scarcity wasi that of
statesmen, who would consent to
sit together in the same Cabinet.
Neither in the effects of oiu' pre-
vious relaxation of protective duties,
nor in the present eircunistancea of
the country, could he see any
justitication of the sweeping
change now proposed. There were
three parties on the subject of the
Corn Laws at this moment" — the
agricultiunst* who re^j^uired thepro-
tc^ction of a sHding-scale ; tlio
Anti-Corn-Law League, which re-
pudiated all protection : and those
who advocated a fixed duty* The
present settlement would not satisfy
any of the three. If ever there
was a time when a compromise
could be made by conciliation and
concession, this was it ; and he
recommended the three parties,
laying aside passion and prejudice,
to subnut their claims to friendly
arbitrement.

Lord Morpeth observed, that the
House knew before that evening,
that Mr. T. Baring waa a friend to
free trade in the abstract ; but after
his recent speech it would be tlifti-
cidt to persuade the country that
ho was a friend to it, cither in the
abstract or in the detail. Mr.
Baring had told the House that the
greatest want of the country last
autumn, was the want of a Minis-
ter. At the present moment, that
want was most severely felt by that
party of which Mr, Baring was a
member, and which was now left
without leaders and without a head.

48]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [B«fl«rf.

Mr. Baring had proposed a com-
protniMO on tliitt question. The
tiino for it was gone by ; but it had
hmm offered once bv the leaders of
i)w party with which he (Lord
Morn(tth) had acted, and had been
inftiiltingly and ignoininiously re-
Jiwit'd bv those who had hailed
Mr. Hiiring*H sprech with such
ti'iiniiph. Since ho had last the
honour of Hitting in that IIouhc, he
hull travrlhMl much in America ; he
hiid IivimI two yctti-H in the heart of
an iigrirultunil diHtrict, and he had
hmt nnd regainod i\w representation
of Yorkhhiro. That last circum-
nhiniMMoid iUown mornl and its own
niiMinitig, and rcquin^d no comment
of hiM (u ('xpiain it. In Yorkshire
wan lite gnMitcHt wooilrii trade, the
gnmlcHt liniMi triwh*, the greatest
ulrnl tmdc in i\w (Miipire. The
witbdriiwal of prott*ction from the.se
t rnd'Mi WHM iiiiuiodiiitc ; and yet they
hud all (d'tbiMii met before tbohust-
U\^n III. Wiikriirld, and had declared
b,y lil«rrluni, *' Ciunpotitionwehave
lo ni(M*t, and all wt^ link is a fair
flidd and no favour.*' Why should
not. thai, inlrrohi. wbich plumed
ilNidf on iieihg nnintuitly KngliMli,
takn a loaf out of the book
of tlictNo manufacturers, and why
Hliould it ho tin* only interest,
wbich Hcorned fair odds in order to
keep jtH own i lie said that he
had lived two years in the heart of
an agricultural dintrict ; and that
circumNtance bad KmI biui to the
concluHion, that the protection,
wliieb ^oii profeHS to preserve for
the lienefit of the fanner and the
agricultural labourer, was nothing
but a misnomer and a positive in-
jury tt> both. The interest of all
elaKHCri was idt^ntical ; but the real
interest (»f agricidture must always
depend on tlie well-being of the
community, and on the oifective
demand for the labour of the

working claases. Thai effectife
demand always existed when the
price of bread was low. The hti
was — and it eonld not he denied —
that with cheapness of hread there
always came an increased demand
for labour. He made a syUogism
on this subject do the work of a
speech. It was impossible to deny
that there was not a sufficient quan-
tity of food grown in this country
for our population. There was a
daily addition of 1,000 children to
that population, or an addition of
365,000 in a year. But there
was not an addition every year of
365,000 quarters of wheat to our
native growth of com. Ought we
not then to procure a supply of
corn from abroad, and at tlie
cheapest possible rate, in order to
be able to furnish the poorer
classes of our community with a
cheap and abundant supply of
food ? If a flaw could not bo de-
tected in these premises, then he
maintained that the aristocracy of
England, in spite of their prepos-
sessions and prejudices, must see
that they could not persist in their
resistance to this change without in-
fatuation, and, he had almost said,
without ruin.

Lord Morpeth thent proceeded
to state to the House the im-
pressions which had been made
upon his mind with reference
to this question, during the tour
from wliich he had recently re-
turned in the United States.
Much that he had seen in that
country, and much that he had
heard since he left them, had not
giTcn him much faith in the good to
be derived from unmitigated demo-
cracy ; and he had not returned
home with a diminished attachment
either to the monarchical or the aris-
tocratical institutions of England ;
but he had felt most strongly

En^land,^

I S T O R Y.

[40

in America iliat wo could not pre-
sent in Euglanil that appeamnco
of case and comfort which, from
the cheapness of food, was visible
in the great luasa of the American
people. He had also felt that we
cocud not meet the wants and wi^ihes
of oar own people if we ilid not
work out our aristocratic institu-
tions in more of a democratic spirit*
No class whidi propped ttaelf on
aetfiah interests could cscjipe from
downfall in this age of tnteiiigcnce;
and no aristocracy — not even an
aristocracy as illuatnods as our
own — could stand under the pres-
sure of a system of Corn Laws, if
those Com Laws were prohibitory.
He, therefore, conjured the aristo-
cracy to rise above their own spe-
interests, and to bear their
art in the consideration of this
Question, which, if not adjnr^tcd
?ith them« would be adjusted in
hpite of them. Our system ena-
Ibled ua to embrace within it the
ictive energies of industry, the
liSteady forethought of the middle
LSises, the privations and pntiencc
the working classes, the bu&y
cy of a free and enlightened
and the progressive iutelli-
Igence ottui advancing age* Let
[the aristoFrncy throw in their lot
[together with these interests, and
I let it be their pride» as it would be
ptlielr safety, te be the leaders, and
not the laggards* in the honoured
march of the great community of
the British empire.

Mr. Ga*ikcll observcili that in
;>ite of the «peoches of Sir J.
jraham and Mr, tS* Herbert, he
t jet to learn what new circum-
had arisen to induce this
sleeted on protection
a>iCnt, not to a bus-
ension of the Corn Laws, but to a
departure from tljcir general
[|irincip1es. During the lajit four
Vol. LXXXVlli,

years ho had opposed every motion
for the repeal of the Corn Laws
under the guidance of those in
whom he had hitherto placctl con-
fidence. He had always been a
friend to a moderate protection
to agriculture, and in those opim«jn»
he had been cnnfirmed by the au-
thority of Afr, Canning, Mi\ IIus-
kisson. Lord Grey, ami Sir K» reel.
The force of that nuthnrity could
nut be swept away by a dngle sen-
tence even of so able a stiitesmau
as Sir R. Peel ; and. the more he
reflected on thi^ subject, the more
he was convinced that gentlemen
on his aide of tiie House should not
propose, and that this Farliamcnt
should not sanction, the repeal of
the Corn Laws. In the course of
his public life» SirK, Feel had made
great pacrifiees to his senao of
public duty ; hut the first fiacrifico
which ho had made ivas not so
great as his present. ISy the first,
he had lost the representntion of
the Univertsity of Oxford ; by the
present, he had destroyed a noble
party which was once his pride.
He then expressed the regret with
which he had eoutrastcd the votes
with the ^poei"he.-5 of Lord »Sandon
an d 0 th e r I n e nd I cvb . T h o u gh h e d i f -
fered from Sir 11. Feel with pain, he
ditfered from liim without hesita-
tion ; and he should therefore,
with a clear conscience, give his
vote in favour of tlie amendment of
Afr. Mile,s.

Mr. Koebuck observed, that wbt^n
passion had parsed away on thi?5
question, posterity wuuld wonder
how it had contrived to raise such
a storm of agitation. Ho ditlVred
from most of the speakers who had
preceded liira ; for he hnd nothing
to retract — ^nothing to defend — hut
every thing to assad. He wai* sur-
prii^ed that the High Tories on the
other side of tlio House should

[E]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [E»fU^.

iven encouragement to the
that a Memher ought to re-
s seat whenever his opinions
i opposition to those of his
iients ; for that doctrine,
degraded the representative
mere delegate, was contrary
heir former dogmas on the
;. lie also wondered what
ould saj to those represent-
irho had resigned their seats,
the demand of their consti-
hiit hccause they were the
>es of certain influential pro-
s of close horoughs. He
d Sir II. Peel and Lord J.
1 on their recent change of
i on the Corn Laws, and ob-
, that ho who gave them
for sincerity must do so at
>cnse of their understandings,
al meaning of ** protection**
mt the food of the people
be produced at a higher
t home by certain individuals
ir own benefit, than that at
it could be procured abroad
rnde were free. It was said
ich a system was necessary
•mote the welfare of the
Itural class, which consisted
Durors. furmors, and laud-
all with difrorent, if not
tinp; interests. He con-
that it was more injurious
encficial to them all. After
; argument on this sub-
e concluded by expressing a
liat the measure of Govem-
would pass, and by recom-
ig the House to accompany
some measure for the gene-
leation of the people. This
re, if carried, would give a
is to the population ; and as
pulation increased, its condi-
ttless it were educated, would
rate rapidly.

Lloward Douglas said, that he
ith inexpressible pain to op-

pose the propofiition of Her Majes-
ty's Govemment, and to give his
vote in favour of protection and
against the extinction of restrictive
duties. After explaining the
grounds on which he thought that
agriculture was entitled to protec-
tion, he proceeded to make several
practical observations on the iigu-
rious bearings of the present scheme
upon those great cdonial interests
which were not represented in that
House, and which were not in ge-
neral well understood bj the coun-
try. The abolition of protecting
duties extinguished the Canada
Com Bill, which was a solemn com-
pact between the Imperial and
Canadian Legislature, and' de-
stroyed all the flattering hopes
which that bill was intended to
foster. It abo involved the abdi-
tion of discriminating duties ; and
from the moment when discrimin-
ating duties were abrogated, our
colonies, so far as commercial pur-
poses were concerned, became free
and independent States. There
would arise the question — "Of
what use are our colonies?" and
to that question it would be difficult
to give a satisfactory answer. He
concluded by quoting j(lveral ex-
tracts from the speecmes of Mr.
Huskisson, for the purpose of prov-
ing— first, that that great states-
man was not an advocate for free
trade properly so called ; secondly,
that he was the strenuous supporter
of protection to agriculture; and,
lastly, that he thought it absolutely
necessary that we should give pro-
tection to our colonies if we wished
to maintain our maritime ascend-
ancy.

Mr. W. Miles observed, that he
was glad that this question was
presented to the House in such a
shape that there could be no mis-
take respectiDg it. Protection

mtiii he defended m applicflblo to
erery class of the community, or
muet, if withdrairn from one class,
b« wkhdnnni from every other.
Mr. Thomaa Baring had talked
of the e:tppdiency of a compromise.
He oererhad been, he never should
be, for ftuch an arrnngement. On
the contrarj, he thought that wo
I mnni either have the present duties
|>tiiider the sliding scale, or else sub-
mit to the new duties proposed by
I 8tr K. Peel, and to their abolition at
I the eitpiration of three years, He
I Could not understand the principles
}t}n which that proposition reated,
I nor could he see why the policy
I which had been pursued for more
' than two centuries, and which had
. raised this country to greatiicss.
Ifi^Qkl be set aside on no other
Mind than the experience of the
la*t three years. The apprehon-
I »ion of impending famine had been
alleged as a reason for this innova-
tion *, but he was rejoiced to have
it in his power to dissipate all fears
I of a coming scarcity on the au-
thority of returns made to the
Central Agricultural Association
from its provincial branches in
twenty-six counties, if not more, of
Eni^land and Wales. There was a
sufficient Bt*>clt of wheat iu England
far the consaniption of its inha-
bitaotl, and the price of potatoes
WM at present falling in the Lon-
don and country marltcts — a certain
pfuof that the supply of them was
not deficient. He then proceeded
to reply to the stntcmcnts made by
8ir Robert Peel in his speech on
tho Address at the conimcncement
of the session, arid also in his
Rpeech in proposing his present
eomniercial code, and to controvert
tlio returns which he had quoted
respecting the consumption and
price of flax, wool, meat, lard, and
Torious other articles for the three

t

years before and after the passing
of the tariff in 1842. Even sup-
posing the returns of Sir Robert
Peel, and the conclusions derived
from them I to be correct, were they
sufficient to justify him in throwing
overboard all the industrial ener-
gies of the country, and in leav-
ing us to compete by ourselves,
under our heavy taxation, with tho
untaxed energies of Gertuany and
the United States ? After con-
tending at great length for the ne-
gative of that proposition, and after
reading a large quantity of statisti-
cal infonnBtion in sup]>f>rt of his
arguments, he proceeded to show,
that it was the interest of the coun-
try to foster its home trade in pre-
ference to its foreign; whereas Sir
R. Peel was upholding the foreign
trade at the expense of the im-
mense mass of capital thrown into
the home market by the great con-
sumers and little savers of the
country. Our recent prosperity
had not been occasioned by the re-
laxation of duties made by the
taritf of 1 842 so much as by the
impetus given to the home trade hj
the formation of railroads ; and he
tlicrcfore cautioned the House
against acceding rashly to any pro-
position for irilerferjDg with tho
march of our native industry.
Though he did not approve either
of the plan proposed by Sir Robert
Peel or of tliat propused by Lord
John Russell, ho must say, that if
he were compelled to accept one or
the other, ho should prefer that of
Lord John Russell to that of Sir
Robert Pod, inasmuch as the suf-
fering which Lord John admitted
must accompany the transition from
the prcRcnt Corn Laws to a freo
trade in corn, would, in his opinion,
he less under the latter than the
former plan. After giving his rea-
sons for that opinion, ho noticed
[E2]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [JBnghml

no iiuli^natiou tho advico
Ir. S. Ilerbort had offered
li^UiH apfo to tlie landed in-
wlioii he Httid that it was

the country ^ontlenicn to
15 their ehip-trapH, and not
i^ute ulunnH founded on dc-

In order to bhow that the
aH not unfounded, and that
M ha inuinhited with foreign
caHO of tho repeal of tho
EiWK, lie read a deHcrintion

iiunienHf! agricultural re-
of tii<; (Jnitcd States in the
re valh'^H and boundless

of the MiHHirthippi, and of
in lurr northern and south-
vinceH, andd Hunie laughter
lied by the extratmlinary
:k of the fertihty of Tani-
hich he quoted. As soon
niurkets hhould be thrown
> the world, thoHC fertile
rould be tilled, and our bar-
id.s would go out of cultiva-

He could not mh". any pro-
(lore diHhcartening ; and yet
•iculturiHt was told ** to cul-
to cultivate." Why should
tivuto, when, after his crop
jwn, he would tiud the home
L paralyzed and closed against
the foreign corn thrown into
from duty? lie concluded
nciation of great length and
cnce against the proposed
re, by a declaration of his
bat the tiujo would soon arrive
the people of these islands
curse the day when first their
iment was intrusted to a cau-
and temporizing free-trade
er.

U. Peel observed, that two
■s had occupied the attention

House during this debate ;
st was, tho manner in which
y ought to be conducted;
he second, how the con-
ey of a great political cala-

mity could be mitigated, and bov
tlie commercial policy of a great
nation should be directed. On tbe
first question a great part of the
debate had turned ; but surdy, in
the eyes of the people, tbat question
was subordinate to tbe two other
questions — tbe precautions agunst
an impending danger, and the
principles of our commercial polity.
On tho party question be bad no-
thing to oflfor to the House ; for
party interests the GoTemment
measures were bad measures. He
admitted too, at once, tbat it was
unfortunate that tbe conduct of
them was intrusted to bis bands.
He believed, however, tbat there
was impending over tbe country a
calamity which was perfectly tp-
palliug; and, whilst there wasabope
of averting it, he did not think it
consistent with liis duty as a public
man to evade the difficulty which
he saw approaching. lie bad not
a word to say against tbe explana-
tion which Lord John Russell made
a few nights ago; but bo mu^t
read a letter which Lord John
Russell had not seen, and which he
had addressed to Iler Majesty dur-
ing the period when he was out of
office, to show that he had not been
desirous of robbing those of tbe
credit of settling this question who
had originally brought it forward,
or of embarrassing their course
during the settlement of it. That
letter (which he then read at
length to the House, but which it is
not necessary to set out here,) was of
such a nature, that he was certain
Lord John Russell woidd be con-
vinced by it, that he (Sir R. Peel)
had been ])repared to give him tbe
same cordial support which be
(Lord J. Russell) now boasted that
he had given him. His behef at that
time was, that this question ought
to beadjustedf and he had been pre*

rt^fan<f»]

HISTORY.

[53

irod otit of office io facilitate that
fetmcnt both by bis vote and
the influence which ho pos-
bcssed* He admitted to the party
rhjch had honoured hira with its
llupport, that it was entitled to with-
hold from him its confidetieo. Bnt
ros it likely that he i^houkl have
"Toluntiirily sacrificed its support,
unless he had been influenced by
strong motives of public duty ? Be
the consequences to hinjsielf what
rtliey might, he would avuw that hia
arty could not rob hira of the con-
iction that the advice which he
bad given to his Sovereign and the
"Parliament during these late tran-
[sflctions was consistent with all tlio
ratities which he owed to that party,
l"he month of May would not ar-
'ivc without convincing tne incm-
fbers of it that he should have
r abandoned \m duty to his conn try,
Win Soverciii^fn, and Ivis party, if he
[Bad hoisted the flag of protection
rfor a time, knowing tluit he must
^»oon have deserted it. Before the
[ House came to a deciaion upon this
rnieasare, it was necessary for them
know the state of Ireland as
Bected with it. For this pin-
hc read a series of letters
' teccivcd by the last two Irisli mails
^ from Sir D, Roche, Lord 8tuart
Pe Deeies, and various other geii-
tletnen in ditfcrent pnrts of ihnt
kingdom, giving the most appalling
ilcscription of the scarcity of the
potato in Ireland, One eighth of
* the crop wai^ always wanted f )r
' »ecd ; and, if that quantity was not
^tiveil from consumption as food,
Ireland would have to struggle with
famine in the next year also. It
was impossible to supply that
fjuantity of potatoes from any
foreign eountr)', and the Govern-
ment therefore proposed to get the
seed potatoes into its keeping by
giving other food in exchange for

thorn. Now, in that case, wonid it
be possible for him in May next,
with a duty of 175. on the importa-
tion of foreign corn, to call on the
people to pay such a duty ft^r the
food to he dtHtrihutcd to the people
c»f Ireland, to save them from star-
vation? Supposing famine then to
ensue, would the aristocracy be able
to bear the odium of saying* ** We
will throw on the Government the
responsibility of supplying the
people of Ireland with food, bnt
one iota of the Corn Laws we will
not part with?** He called upon
Parliament to consider what had
been the course taken by its prc-
docep-sors on former occasions when
scarcity was impending over the
country. On every occasion Par-
liament had removed for a time the
duty on the importation of foreign
corn . The cheer wi th which th a t ob-
servation was greeted, he received
as a unanimous, or, at any rate, a
T<*ry general assent that at a period
of approaching famine the proper
course to be adopted was a free im-
portation of corn. If that were so,
then he asked the House to expe-
dite the passing of this bill, or else
that all thedutieson the importation
of provisions shouhl be suspended.
He reminded the House that in No*
V em her last he had advised , and three
of his colleagues had supported, the
suspension of the existing duties on
corn by an Order in Couneih There
was no day in his political life of
which he was nn>re proud than that
on which he had recommended that
suspension of the law. But the
law was not suspended ; Parliament
was now assembled, and it was not
within the competence of the Crown
to suspend duties by an Order in
Council whilst I'arliament was sit-
ting. If there was a necessity for
suspending the corn duties tn No-
vondicrj tlmt neceH?*ity was ag-

4
4

54]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EnghuA

graTatotl now : and the House must
come to one or other of these two aU
tomativos — it must either maintain
the existing law, or propose some
faoilitio$ for the importation of fo-
n>ipi com. If, thon, all former
pn.voilout$ justititHi the suspension
of the Corn Laws in emergencies
similar to the pn.'sont,let the House
cout^iilor the laws to Ih> suspouded»
niul what the oa:»o would he then.
\\\» oonviction was strong that it
wvMild iHMUtorly iuipnicticahle, after
»U!(ponding the Corn Laws for six
months, to bring them again into
oporation. It was an utter misap-
pivhensiou of the state of public
opini\tu to suppoiio that any Go-
Tornuiont. after the country had
tantod for six months the sweetness
of free importation, would he en-
ahUMl to iv-oiirtct the existing Com
Laws in all their pn^visions. Would
any »i\\\v man advise this Ciovorn-
nient to give a guarantiv, in case
ttf its susjuMuling the Com Laws
ftu' »\\ months, that it would renew
til cm at the expiration of the sus-
pension ^ lie then procivdetl to
notice the arguments which had
lM»cn ollcrcil against his )dan hy tho
tlillcivnt speakers in debate. Mr.
T. Uaring had nvommendiHl a
compromiHC on this subjinrt. What
was a compromise but a new law i
and was thi:* a timcfor pnxlucinga
new law which would satisfy no
parly f Uefcrring to Mr. F. Scott's
curious notion of the relation exist-
ing between a Sovereign and his
^iinistor, which ho had compared
to that of a client and his counsel,
he observed that there was this
difference between tho counsel and
tho Minister — that tho Minister
took an oath to give his Sovereign
the best counsel that his judgment
could dictate, and that the counsel
did no such thing. Mr. Scott had
spoken of him as the counsel of a

party, and had claimed for himself
the privilege which was formeiij
claimed for himself by Anacharsia
Cloots, namely, that of heing the
Attoraej-General for the whole hu-
man race. Adverting to Mr. Cd-
quhoun's assertion that he had not
in this measure established a great
principle, he remarked that, if such
were the case, no man in the em-
pire ought to be more indebted to
him. Mr. Colquhoun had voted
both for and against the repeal of
tho Com Laws. He had been
since 1841 a determined advocate
for a fixed duty; and yet during
the subsequent interval he had done
all that he could to support a sliding
scale. He wondered how he shoidd
have fared with Mr. Colquhoun,
if, after he had carried tho suspen-
sion of tho existing law, he had got
up and said, that Government would
stake its existence upon restoring
the Corn Laws at tho period when
the suspension ended. But this
was mere trifling. Tho real ques-
tion before the House was, ** Is
this measure right?" If it he,
vote for it ; if it be wrong, vote
•against it, and withhold your con-
fidence from the men who proposed
it.

He then entered upon a dissec-
tion of the speeches of Mr. Miles
and Mr. S. O'Brien, controverting
the statistical retums of the former,
and turning into ridicule the pa-
thetic colloquies of the latter with
the tenant-farmers of his district.
Both those gentlemen, and, indeed,
every speaker on their side, had
treated the question as a Com Law
question ; but, in point of fact, it
was not a Corn Law, but a great
national and commercial question.
That portion of his measure which
related to the Corn Laws might be
rejected, and the other portion ac-
cepted, or vice versd^ He wished

HISTORY.

[SS

r, to be consider Qtl as a
rejected or accepted a a
It was alao the intention of
SoTemment to adhere to its
proposal. He stated thia,
rer, distinctljr to the House,
If ibe agricultural body should
opinion that immediate was
rahle to deferred repeal, and
r uniting with the Anti-Corn-
League, they placed him in a
ritj, fae should only consider
course he ought to take to
Dfiect to the law bo amended at
instance. He would do all he
to carry the proi>osition of the
roment. He preferred it. Ho
ot pretend to say now, what
success in the House of Corn-
might produce elsewhere ;
lia opinion that it was neces-
U> procure a iiaal adjustment
8 question was so strong, that
ould prefer immediate repeal
Tied against him to the chance
rowing the countr}^ into cun-
I by postponing for six months
SUlement of a question which
low paramount to all others*
froat question waa, *' Shall we
koe m the relaxation of protec*
and in the removal of pro-
fTj duties, or shall we stand
ULMr. Mites said. *' Stand
^Bat for the House of Com-
Vstaod stiU on such a ques-
raa to condemn every previous
rbich it had taken in a liberal
r of commercial policy.
f then entered into an eloquent
ee of his past, and into a lucid
nation of his own present re-
[ona in our tariff. After show-
|B|tii every case the removal
Bbition had contributed, not
10 the welfare of the consumer,
bo to that of the producer, ho
t inion them calmly to reflect
M was the policy he^at suited
eommercial einpiro hke

Ml eomme

our own. Let them look at the
moral, social, physical, and geo-
graphical advantages which God
and nature had given to this coun-
try ; let them also look at their ac-
quired advantages ; let them reflect
on their capital, their skill, their
free pre&s, their inimitable consti-
tution, and let them say, whether
this was the country which ought
to dread competition ? What was
it they had to dread ? Which would
be their motto, '* Advance" or **Re-
trograde?'* Other countries were
watching their example. There
was no reason for expecting that
every where they would be met with
a hostile taritl'. ^^ardinia and
Naples had both adopted liberal
systems. Prussia was already
shaken. The most sound and sen-
sible thinkers in France were insti-
gating a willing Government, which
wa8 desirous to follow that of Eng-
land and to reciprocate advantages
with it. They were giving en-
couragement in the United States
to the party which was seckiug Uj
procure a more liberal taritF. Even
if that party was uusuecossful, ho
advi^scd tho House not to punish it-
self by seeking to be revenged on
otliera. His earnest advice to the
fj;entlemcn of England, founded not
on the cxiierience of three years
merely, but on the experience of
cvcrj previous relaxation of re-
st rict ion, was to persevere in the
course upon whiefi they had en-
tered. By passing thebo nicasun'h
they would take another guarantee
for tho content, and love, and will-
ing ohodieucc of the population;
Qud if a calamitous time should
come, when we roust offer them ex-
hortations to bear their destiny
with fortitude, it would be a con-
solation for us to reflect that we
had relieved ourselves from the ne-
cessity of regulating tho supply of

4

56]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Englml

food in a time of famine; and that,
, in a period free from clamour and
excitement, we had anticipated dif-
ficulty and removed every impedi-
ment to the free circulation of
commerce. Sir Rohert Peel, after
a speech which occupied two hours
and three quarters in its delivery,
resumed his seat amid loud cheer-
ing.

Lord John Manners, who spoke
next after Sir R. Peel, deplored
the disadvantageous position which
a Monther occupied who could en-
list neither under the hanner of the
Memberfor Northamptonshire, (Mr.
S. O'Brien), nor under that of the
Member for Stockport (Mr. Cob-
den), lie deprecated the idea of
deciding a question, involving the
food of a people, upon the princi-
ples of political economy. Count
Carli, President of the Council of
Public Economy at Milan, a great
authority, entertained a similar
opinion ; remarking, in his cele-
brated work, that statesmen ought
to 8(?parate the subject of food from
all questions of a merely commer-
cial nature. Men, ho observed,
could do without wine or oil ; but
the first necessary of lifer— that
which was essential to human ex-
istence — ought not to be subjected to
t^o ordinary rules of commercial in-
torcoiu-Hc. The consequences likely
to iiriso from free trade had been
greatly exaggerated; and Lord
J ohn was therefore anxious to con-
sider any proposition for a settle-
ment of the question, whether it
proceeded from Lord John Russell
or Sir Robert' Peel. But he was
]>ersuaded that any such proposi-
tion, to be satisfactory or success-
i'ul, should be made not on narrow,
temporary, evanescent, suspicious,
or self-contradictory grounds, but
placed on broad, great, and gene-
ral principles — not as the expedient

of a terrified Cabinet, Imnicd
through a mystified Parliament into
a premature law — ^but anbrnitted
to the patient discuaaion and free
and calm verdict of the Engfiah
people ; without which, a measure
of such a revolutionary charaeter
could not be productive of present
good, or of laisting benefit. After
the speech which had been de-
livered bj Sir Robert Peel, Lord
John Manners was at a loss to see
how the Government eonld have
adopted any other course than that
which they bad pursued : but how
different would have been the posi-
tion of Ministers if the right ho-
nourable Baronet had opened the
ports during the past winter, and
if upon the meeting of Parliament
he had told them, to uso his own
metaphor, that ho would no longer
steer the ship in the same coarse ?
Then he might have well vindicated
the full performance of his duty.
But, unfortunately, it would seem
that the members of his Cabinet
were not prepared to support him.
Sir Robert Peel had stated very
unfairly the argument touching the
resumption of the Com Laws after
the opening of tho ports : he asked,
did they wish for a guarantee that
the Com Laws would be restored ?
Why, every Member knew that no
guarantee of the kind could be
given ; for the ports could not be
closed, after having been opened,
without the consent of Parliament.

Even now, if the danger wore so
imminent and the remedy so easy,
the shortest course would be to
open the ports before tho end of the
week, with the consent of Parlia-
ment, and leave it to the good
sense of the people of England to
determine whether the law should
be revived.

Lord John Manners gave it as
his opinion that a scheme which

HISTORY.

[57

^ the produce of the Colo-
id Indian corn dutj-free, and
Foreign corn at a Tnoderate
luty, would place the coni-
m a basis satisfactory to the
itile interests of the country,
bind the members of our vast
ll empire to na bj the closest
r interest, and would afford
J to tbe English fanner.
icw he fortified by a quota-
mn the circular of Messrs.
^on and Taylor, of Alan-
r, suggesting a fixed duty of

6i. Lord John Manners
ated all ra^h and busty in*
nee with the great interests
had grown np under the
I of protection ; and advised
mse not to lend itself, under
Diation of the Minister^ to a

calculated to alienate the
thics and affections of the
flasses. While, therefore, he
Dt afrai^l of free trade, and
anxious for a settlement of
reat question at issue, he
ywrcrthclcsB give his most
^Bb? for an appeal to the
^n>^d his most detennincd
tion to tlic proposal that the
t do now go into committee.
Bright supported the motion,
warm eulogium on the Prime
cr. Sir Kohert Peel had
Kftlled a traitor. It would ill
e liim to defend the riglit
rable Baronet, after the
i which he delirered Inat
^u speech which, he would
•e to say, was more powerful
&re ad m i r ahl e th a u a uy speech
lelivcred in that House within
lemory of any man in it.
r#.) lie watched the nght
rable Baronet hist night ^o
f the House ; and he must
it was the first time be did it
envied him the feelings which
Jia?© animated bis breast.

That speech was wafted on the
wings of scores of thousands of
newspapers to every i*art of the
kingdom and of the workl ; and it
would be carried to the abodes of
the labourers, conveying to them
joy and hope. This was the man
whom the Protectionists bad chosen
to he their leader. They placed
him in office : but they should re-
member til at a man in office was
not the same man as he was in op-
position ; they ought to consider
the responsibilities of office. ** There
is not a man among you,** con-
tinued Mr* Bright, *'wbo wrould
have the valour to take office and
raise the standard of Protection,
and cry *Dowu with the Antj-Corn-
Lnw Lcajirue, and Protection for
ever!' There is not a man in your
ranks who would dare to sit on timt
bench as the Prime Minister of
England pledged to maintain the
existing kw. {Loud cheers from
the Free-trader,^,) The right ho-
nourable Baronet took the only
honest course — he resigned, lie
told you by that act, I will no longer
do your work. I will not defend
your cause. The experience I have
had since I earne into office renders
it impossible for me at once to main-
tain office and the Com *LawB.
The right honourable Baronet re-
signed— ho was then no longer your
Minister. He camo back to office
as the Minister of his Sovereign
and of the people— not the Minister
of a class who first raised him into
office for their own special and pri-
vate puqwses. Why, the right
honourable Baronet did not use you
badly: be offered no obstacle to
your taking office/' {L oud cries
r/ " Hear, hear ! ")

Mr. Disraeli assailed the eond u
of Sir Robert Peel, in bringing for-
ward such a measure as the present^
with great severity and keenness

ANWaL register. IU6. 'England.

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HISTORY.

[59

had been agitated
,e tnaoufacturers of

tes had become aoi-
^irarlike spirit against
viction tbat war was
by which thej could
ition for their ma-
If then. Sir Robert
red to fight hoatiJe
imports, he was not
jropofiiDg his present
and, if ]ie was prepared
^m, he would produce
■©f which no man could
O^sult. Noticing the
Itr, St Herbert, which
ed as a genuine League
observed that that gen-
^Bo right to address
■ if he was a martyr,
Sity he was a convert,
#*tnide doctrines which

^id with the utmost
en he was in oppo-
change in his situation
ae might have worked a
\ilr, Herbert's opinions ;
A hko to know whal
to threaten the coun-
archy, misery, and
tance were lotjger
the Government mea-
id be imiiglue that tht3
of England would be in*
f the same panic which
ll wonders among his
The fact was, that
^as an alarmist Cabi-
stamped upon every
lu it, no matter whe-
I from the pressure
Ireland, or from the
f eaU^rages in York-
^aticashire. Having
arguments advanced
the new system of
10 next proceeded to
1 bia own arguments
the old system, and
in opposition to the

League, thai with proteetion we
could feed the people, and employ
them too. He lame n ted that tJiere
were no statistics of agriculture ;
but this was undisputed, that fifty
years ago we were compelled to
import corn to supply our popula-
tion, and that now, when our po-
pulation was doubled, we fed them
from our own resources, and at
lower prices than formerly. No
man could prove that protection
had been the bane of agriculture
in England, unless he could show
that the cultivation of our soil was
inferior to that of other countries;
but it was generally admitted that
it was infinitely superior to that of
every nation in the world. Those
who boasted of our present prospe-
rity could not deny that rmr people
were employed ; and, if it were not
as well employed as he could wish,
still its work woidd not be increased
by the admission of foreign compe-
tition» nor its wages increased by
a i-eduction in the price of corn.
He thought that in England we
ought to do more than merely
maintain a baliince between its
agricultural and manufacturing in-
terests. We should give a pre-
ponderance to the agricultural.
We bad been told that the object
of this change was the transference
of power from the agricultural to
the manufacturm^ class. He ad-
mitted the intelligence, and did
not envy the wealth and opulence
of the manufacturer ; but in this
age, when wo had been suffering
much from class interests, were
we to be rescued from one class
merely to &ink under the avowed
domination of another ? If such
were to be the great result of the
struggle, he protested agamst the
ignominious catastrophe. If we
were to have a change, he hoped
that tlie foundations of it would be

60]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Ensland.

deep, and the scheme grand and
coraprehcnflive : then, instead of
falling under the thraldom of ca-
pitalists, who prided themselves
more upon their wealth than their
intelligence, we should seek, in
bending to a new course, for the
means of safety in the institu-
tions of our ancient monarchy,
and in the invigorated energies
of an educated and enfranchised
people.

Mr. Card well observed that, as
he had never yet spoken on the
question of the Corn Laws, he was
anxious to explain the grounds on
which he gave his cordial support
to this measure for their final ad-
justment, lie then proceeded to
expose the fallacy contained in the
nrguments by wliich the Protec-
tionists defended the existing Corn
Laws. He showed that those laws
had not rendered us independent
of foreign sup])ly — that they had
not given security for the invest-
ment of capital in land — that they
had not insured the farmer a re-
munerating price — and that they
had not afforded the labourer a
protecting price for his labour.
He then contended that the repeal
of these laws would promote the
j)rosperity of commerce and manu-
factures ; and that that prosperity
would increase, as it had increased,
in past time, tlie rate of wages in
the commercial and manufacturing
districts. A man witli 30^. a week
would consume more bread, butter,
beef, mutton, and other agricultu-
ral produce, than a man with 8«.,
or even IGs. a week ; and wlien
the consumption of agricultural
produce was tlius increased, the
profits of the fanner would bo
increased likewise, and the con-
dition of the agricultural labourer
would be proportionably bettered.
He called upon the House to

keep pace with the mmreh of hn-
provemeot, and to relj on the crer-
growing demands of oor increasiiig
population, and on the expandhig
energies of trade and commerce.
He had always entertained, and
had never disavowed nor disgnised,
the sentiments which he had just
expressed ; but he had likewise al-
ways considered that great ques-
tions like the present ought to
be regarded as questions of time.
If, then, this question were a
question of time, was not this of
all others the time to look oat for
a supply of food ? And, if the ad-
justment of the Com Laws were
to be accomplished, when conld it
be done with less dislocation of
existing interests ? He contended,
too, that this Parliament had a
perfect right to decide the ques-
tion ; and if it should decide it,
as the Government advised, by re-
moving the sources of discord be-
tween conflicting classes, and by
exhibiting a wise and discriminat-
ing regard towards all the interests
of this great empire, it would con-
fer an inestimable benefit upon the
present and every succeeding gene-
ration.

Sir W. Molesworth entered into
a close argument on the political
economy of the question; and he
looked forward to the time when
improved agricultural science would
produce corn in this country at so
cheap a rate as to outbid the fo-
reigner even in supplying a popu-
lation larger than the present ; to
a time, too, when the iron net-
work of railways would have con-
verted Great Britain into one vast
city, agricultural products being
brought uninjured to the best mar-
ket in the world.

Mr. Thomas Duneombe heartily
supported the Minister, challenging
the Protectionists to form an Ad-

n^land.]

HISTORY.

[61

Wintioti, or to vote '* want of
ifidence.** But, iti fact, tbey
not face opinion in tlie couii-
At Westminster tLey dared
i produce a candidatCt thotigk be
igUl have stood on tbe hustings
C'oveut Garden up tu bis knees
native cabbages. He as&crted,
lat tbe tenant-farmers did tiot care
straw for protection, and tbat
icj would vote for tbe measure if
ley eould vote by ballot. (An em^
alie *" Hear, bear!" from Sir
rt PcfL) Had such a mea-
e been adopted in 1842, it might
,ve saved Ministers tbe painful
st that they bad sent down a
giment of guards and a park of
iillery to Manchester. !^fr. Dun-
mbe wanted Sir Robert Peel,
wever, of a danger to one part
hLs scheme ; it being ab'eady
oured that, after tbe Corn Law
disposed of, the manufacturers
cd to oppose tbe alteration in
,w of Settlement* Let bimlook
tbat, or tbe entire measure would
made comparatively worthless.
Sir Thomas Acland rose, with
nic warmth, to defend the agri-
Itural interest against the charge
if ignorance and bigotry which the
st speaker had preferred against
p He had never been a friend to
jttrcme protection. He had wel-
med Sir Robert Peel's measure
1842. But the reasons which
Ir Robert Peel now advanced in
port of tbe sweeping change,
" the further reduction whieli be
roposed, were by no means
lory to his mind. Eloquent
iguage, no doubt, they were,
>f great excelieucc in debate,
nvincing they certainly were
iiot. Sir Robert Peel seemed to
*e every effort to put bis oppo-
icuts in the wrong, but took very
ittle pains to place himself in the
"t. It was a most unjust im-

putation on the agricultural in*
teres t to assert tbat it upheld the
Corn Law,"* because they starved
the labourer for the benefit of the
landlord. Believing that the exist-
ing Corn Law had worked well for*
the landlord^ the farmer, the la-'
bourer, the manufacturer, and the
exporter, he could not accept the
measure which Sir Robert Peel
now offerttl to him ; for he could
not, in tlu-eo wceks^ learn to read
backwards tbe lesson which Sir
Robert Peel and he had learned
together, in the same school, for
thirty years. He believed that the
League waa at the bottom of all
this change: but a greater agitation
even than that wliich the League
bad raised, might have been put
down by Miniisters firm and reso-
lute, though it could nut be met by
Ministers who, in heart and in
spirit, by some process or other,
bad, secretly arrived at the same
conclnsJons with the League itself.
In e*>nclu::iion, he informed Sir Ro-
bert Peel that be would not join
in any factious opposition to his
Government. He would not even
worry bis measure. If Parliament
should pass this measure, and the
Crown should sanction it, Sir Ro-
bert need expect no further trouble
from him ; but, if the division
should be closed on the present de-
bate, then Sir Robert would not be
able to carry hiii meas-uro, and the
sooner he dissolved the ]>rcscnt
Pariiamcut the hotter.

Sir George Clerk, Vice-Presi-
dent of the Board of Trade, after
stating that, though he could not
give a bilcnt vote on this question,
yet be did not expect to advance a
single new argiuuent in support of
his view of it, after the protracted
discussion of the last seven nights,
proceeded to comment upon the
speech of Mr. Disraeh, and tocontro-

62]

ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1846. [^Hsimi.

Tert his Btatements. Sir Robert Peel
had done nothing more than carry
out the principles of the system
which Mr. Huskisson had pro-
pounded in 1824, and which Sir
Robert himself had then supported.
He wished that he could consider
that the emergency was only tem->
porary ; but he was bound to look
beyond the present year ; and, in
a country where the potato was
the principal food of the majority
of the population, it was his duty
to inquire from what quarter that
population could procure the seed
for the potato crop of 1846 and
1847. The emergency, therefore,
was not confined to the present
season, but extended to future sea-
sons. Moreover, the deficient sup-
ply of potatoes was not confined to
Ireland, but extended to England
also ; and, as a proof of that posi-
tion, ho mentioned that potatoes,
which in January, 18454 varied in
price from 50^. to 80^. a ton, va-
ricd in January, 1846, from 80^.
to 160*. a ton. That high price
was an index of the deficiency of
the supply in England at this mo-
ment ; but, in May next, he be-
lieved that the deficiency would be
so large as to require that every
impediment to the importation of
food should bo removed. Besides
all this, the grain of the last har-
vest, though not deficient in bulk,
was deficient in weight, and that
deficiency produced a very un-
favourable etFect on the averages.
The Government knew that the
potato disease prevailed all over
the Continent, that the harvest in
Gennany had failed to a very great
extent, that alarm had been ex-
cited in consequence in Belgium
and Holland, and that those two
countries had pcnnitted the im-
portation of corn into their ports.
At that time — namely, in Novem- >

ber last — ^the GoTenunent found,
that although the price of com in
London was rerj nigliy the ftter-
mges were yerj low. Ko subjeet
had attracted the attention of Go*
Temment with more mnzietT than
the circumBtances to which he had
iuBt alluded. The Goremnient had
likewise regulated the qoantitj of
com coming into the countnr and
afterwards going out again m re-
exportation to Belgium and Hol-
land. Fortunately, only a nnall
quantity was re-exported. If a
large quantity had been re-exported
our ports must haye been opened,
in order to enable us to eke out
the quantity of com, which would
be found not too large for our
supply. Under such circumstances
we might have been justified in
suspending the existing law ; hut,
if tlie law were once suspended,
away went for ever the great argu-
ment on which the sliding scale
rested, and it was evident that along
with it went the law itself. He
then proceeded to defend the mea*
sure now proposed by the Govern-
ment, and to show that it would
equalize prices, not by bringing
English prices down to the Conti-
nental level, but by raising Conti-
nental prices to the English leveL
He likewise entered into a descrip-
tion of the agricultural resources
of Germany, Poland, Russia, and
America, for the purpose of de-
monstrating that the apprehensions
which had been once entertained,
that so large an inundation of fo-
reign corn would follow the repeal
of the Corn Laws as would throw
our arable land out of cultivation,
were false and unfounded. In the
last ^ve years we had imported
10,000,000 quarters of com, or
2,000,000 annually. He did not
think that any man would contend
that the people of England had

En^taniS.']

HISTORY^

[63

b^n 0Ter*fed in tbat time ; and he
now adseried, that if in the next
£r^ years our importation ghould
UDOQnt to 3,000,000 quartera a
year, it would not be more than suffi-
cient for the rapid increase of our
population y and would not throw a
■ atngle Briti^ acre out of cultiva-
tion. He then answered in detail
the argnments advanced by various
I apc^kers with respect to the injury
^ inBicted on the silk-tradc, the pa-
r-hanging trade, and the zinc
1 spelter trade^ by the relaxation
r-|irot«ctiTe duties. Ue upset all
their assertions and argaments by
the production of Custom-house and
otherpubtic docnmentd, proving that
erery one of these trades had de-
rired the greatest benefits from
the Tcry measures which were said
to have been so pernio ioub to them.
J Ho also accused Mr. Disraeli of
f liaving been guilty of the greatest
unfairness in his** business speech/'
M he had himself been pleased to
eaU the speech wliich he liad deli-
liverod on Friday evening. He
ihowod that Mr. Disraeli, in the
cout pari sou which he had drawn
between the effects of protection
', tliose of free trade, had never
his comparison during an
ftgc of years, but had always
made nia contrast between the best
r year of protection, and the worst
[year of free trade. After stating
thftt he could not congratulate the
bonourable Member on liis tirst ap-
appearance upon tlie sta^o as *' a
man of business,'* for he shone
much more as a joker of jokes,
•lid a fabricator of pleasant sar>
GtMna, he proceeded to notice his
quettiOQ, ** Can you fight hostile
tariffs by free-trade imports?"
~4ow to that question he replied,
that til is measure htiil not
introduced with any reference
to foreign nations, but with refer-

ence to the interests of the great
mass of the community in the Bri>
tish Islands ; and next, that Mr.
Disraeli had grossly exaggerated
the repugnance of foreign countries,
and especially that of France, to a
liberal system of commercial po-
licy. Having grappled with all
the alleged facts of Mr, Disraeli,
and having satisfied the Ilouse, he
hoped, that in the statement of
them all Mr. Disraeli had been in-
accuratCr he next proceeded to
comment upon Mr. DisraeVrs opi-
nion that the House ought to giv^
a preponderance to the agricultui'al
interest. For one, he (Sir Cr,
Clerk) repudiated it, both as a
Member of FarHament and as an
individual landowner. If the in-
fluence of the agricultural interest
depended on the continunnce of the
Corn Laws, he for one should
tremble for it> Mr. Disraeh's ar-
gument on that point was the uiost
dangerous one that could be used,
and had hitherto been always dis-
elainiod by the landowners ; for,
translated into plain English, it
meant nothing else than that the
Corn Laws must he maintained to
keep up the landlord's rents.

Mr. Beckett Dcniaon began by
adverting to a statement made by
Mr. Ferrand, on a fonner evening,
to the etfect thut Sir Robert Peel,
when ho did iiini the honour to ask
him to second the Addres.'i, had
deceived him as to the measure
vhich he (Sir Robert Feel) in-
tended ti\ propose. Now 8ir Ro-
bert Peel was the last man in the
workl to deceive any body ; and in
no way, either directly or indi-
rectly, had he deceived him. When
he (Mr, Beckett Denison) seconded
the Address, he expected that Sir
Kobert Peel would propose a mea-
sure of the same character as those
which he had proposed on several

64]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

occasions, in the last three years,
and which had hcen so eminently
successful ; hut he had not heen
prepared to expect that Sir Ro-
hert Peel would propose a total
aholition of the Corn Laws after
a period of three years, during
which we were to have a dimi-
nished sliding scale, accompanied
hy certain compulsory proposi-
tions. He thought that, in pro-
pounding such a scheme, Sir Ilo-
hert Peel had committed a mistake,
which many now regretted, and
Vhich he hoped that Sir Rohert
Peel would never live to regret
himself. Though he should oppose
to the uttermost that scheme, he
hoped that, if it were made law, it
would promote the public interests
in the way which Sir Robert Peel
expected. If lie (Mr. Beckett De-
nison) could be convinced that by
this scheme the health, the com-
fort, the morality, and the happi-
ness of the working classes would
be promoted, he should instantly
become a Corn Law repealer ; but,
until that conviction was produced
in his mind, he must stand by the
existing Corn Laws. He then
called attention to the state of
things for the last few years, for
the purpose of showing that pro-
tection to agriculture had been
of benefit to all classes in the
country. Even if this measure
for the repeal of that protection
were right in itself, still the
time for bringing it forward was
most improperly chosen. Ministers
had taken the country by surprise.
They had placed 300 gentlemen in
that House in the painful situation
of voting either against a leader
w^hom they wished to support, or
against their consciences, and in
some cases against their constitu-
ents, if they supported him. For
himself, he had been selected by

his constituents to oppose two of
the most popular men in the king-
dom— Lord Morpeth and Lora
Milton — on the sole ground of his
advocacy of the principle of protee-
tion to agriculture ; and be fdt
himself as much bound to redeem
the promises which he had given
to his constituents, as if he had
given them a bond to that effect.
If he were to vote in 1846 for the
abolition of the Corn Laws, without
having heard one single satisfactory
reason urged for it, oven by Sir
Robert Peel himself, how could he
justify to himself the opposition
which he had headed against those
two noble Lords, whose names he
had mentioned, in 1841 ? He
could not say that he had changed
his mind on the subject, for if he
had, he should have felt himself
bound in honour to resign his seat,
and would liave disposed in that
way of all the speeches which he
had made in defence of protection.
In conclusion, he warned Lord
Morpeth against believing that his
return for the West Riding was a
proof that the opinions of the
electors of that district were changed
on the subject of the Com Laws,
and by advertising him that at the
next general election the extent of
the change would, probably, be
brought to a test.

Mr. Villiers believed that the
farmers of England were a loyal
set of men, as the last speaker re-
presented them to be ; but he was
almost surprised at it after the
temptations to which they had been
exposed by the violent and inflam-
matory language of their landlords
against Her Majesty's Government.
He called attention to tho different
manner in which this law was ori-
ginally passed, and in which it waa
now proposed to repeal it. The
law was passed through the Houso

Em^land^

HISTORY.

[65

as quickly as Iaw could be ; bat

the prufK»sition for the repeal of it
had been delayed, unprceedently,
loT luore thau iliree weeks, bj a
fietvo p&rtj opposed to the public
good. That delaj, too, bad been
perseTered in after tliey bad re-
d full information of the mis-
i inflicted on commerce and
man lifac tares by the protracted
length to which they had spun out
this discussion, for which nobody
caret! a straw, except so far as re-
ir.tnled its result. He expressed
lii' joy and satisfaction at the con-
« r^siou made to wisdom, truth, and
Justice, in the proposals and avow-
nlh ij( Her Majesty's Government.
Tlmt concession, he was bound to
s^y. had not been made by the
members of that Government at
any sacrifice of private hnnour or
pubhc principle, but had been ex-
tc4 from them by a c*onviction
gjeat danj^er in which the
■y was placed from an appre-
londed doHciency in the supply of
Uo knew that this measure
was not complete ; and he had been
^kcd whether he would reconi-
end it as such to his constituents.
leforc that question was put to
he had placed on record (he
Injone of his c»instituents, who,
a petition, had declared that
gladly received this measure
great instalment of the debt
to them. Even if it were
imperfect than it actually
the country would be of opi-
tbat there was a sufficient
fur Sir Robert recFs not
ing a more perfect measure,
le fierce opposition of the noiay
;y on the Protection benches,
r. Villierft then eommeoted on
vernl r»f tlip speeches made by
I lists in tlmt House
., .c, and more particu-
'larly on a speech made by Lord
Vol. LXXXVUL

Stanley some years ago, in Lanca-
shire, when he admitted that the
Corn Laws raised rents, and raised
the price of food, but did not raise
the rate of wages. Such was the
system for which the landowners
of England were fighting ; and
that was the system which ren-
dered the prosperous fanner ** so
rare a bird, that he ought to be
stuffed and sent as a curiosity to
the British Museum," and the la-
bourer so demoralized, that his
wretched condition had passed into
a by-word. Yes ; the complaint
of the agriculturists was low prices,
and their object in supporting the
Com Laws was high prices. In
bringing forward this measure, the
GoTcmment was protecting the
agriculturists from themselves, and
he hoped tlmt they would have go^Hl
sense enough to see that, nnd to
consent to the abdition of a low
which was an evidence of tlieir
past selfishness nnd present Bhanie.

Mr. Cobden complained, that
extraneous matter had been in-
troduced into this discussiun to a
greater extent than it had ever
been introduced previously into
any Corn Law debate. The two
main topics on which it had turned
were the conduct of Ministers,
and the propriety of an appeal
to the country. The petiplc of
England behoved that the dis-
cussion on the first topic was a
quarrel got up for no other pur-
pose than to evade the real tjues-
tion, and to conceal from public
notice that there was no justifi-
cation for the Cora Laws. Ho
assured the party opposite that
the more they covered the Mi-
nisters with obloquy and odium
the ttioro would the pcrjple uf
England sympathise with them.
In point of fact, they were mak-
ing the Ministers the most po-

[F]

66}

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

pular men in the country. If
Sir Robert Peel should visit
the manufacturing districts, his
march through them would be
one continued triumph. Sir J.
Graham, as Home Secretary, had
not made himself very popular ;
but the magnificent contribution
which he had recently made to
the good cause of free trade, and
still more the nightly martyrdom
to which he had recently been
consigned, had made him an ob-
ject of popular sympathy in Man-
chester and Liverpool. " But,*'
said the Protectionists, **we wish
to appeal to the constituencies of
the country, and, if their verdict
be against us, we will give up
our opposition to this measure. '
Why, if their opinions were just,
they ought not to relinquish their
opposition on that ground ; but
nobody knew better than he did
that they had no chance of ob-
taining a majority at the next
election. Three months ago he
had said that the advocates of free
trade had no chance of obtaining
that majority ; but now that the
Protectionists were a broken party,
and had lost all the talent and in-
telligence which formerly directed
their tactics, the case was altered,
and it was they who had now no
chance of success in an appeal to
the constituencies. He would even
suppose that a dissolution took
place, and that the Protectionists
should be in a majority, would
they even then have public opinion
in their favour? We have at
present on the side of free trade
the eighteen metropolitan mem-
bers, and at the next election we
should have the two members for
the county of Middlesex. Those
twentv members would represent
2,000,000 of men, the most in-
telligent and hard-working men

in England. Was that public
opinion ? If they said that it
was not, did they think that
the metropolis would be contented
with being estimated as nothing
in public opinion ? Besides that,
did they imagine that they would
find in their ranks the representa-
tives of Edinburgh, Dublin, Man-
chester, Leeds, Birmingham, and
Liverpool? Let them take any
borough with above 20,000 in-
habitants, and they would not
have a single representative for
such boroughs. They would have,
of course, their representatives for
their pocket boroughs and their no-
mination counties, and with them
he would suppose that they had a
majority of thirty. With the re-
presentatives of the West Riding
of Yorkshire, and of South Lan-
cashire, and Middlesex and Lon-
don, and Edinburgh and Dublin,
pitted against them, what would
be their position ? They would
shrink aghast from it, and there
would be more desertions than
ever from their party. There
would be no safety for the
country without such desertions.
The member for Ripon, Stam-
ford, Woodstock, Marlborough,
and such places, would only hold
their seats on sufierance, and,
if they refused to yield to moral
force, would be put into a new
schedule A. by some great po-
pular movement. ** But,** rejoin
the Protectionists, ** we have the
majority of the population on our
side.** They had never heard him
speak in raptures of the talent and
judgment of the working classes.
But he would dare the party op-
posite to call a public meeting of
the working classes in any part of
the kingdom on the subject of the
Corn Laws. They were pluming
themselves at present on the re-

tntfUind*^

HISTORY.

[67

Jt of the late count j elections.
Hd they recollect that the county
^presentation, under the 501,
iitse. was not the old conetitn-
on of England? Fifty years ago
pquisitions were not got up hy the
PuaDt^-at-will, but by freeholders.
The League intended to fight the
Dmleni innovation of the 5U/.
ause with tlie 4'k. freehold,
institution in use five centuries
ago. Had the opposite party ever
reflected that half the money in
tile 8aniig» Banke* if invefited
in Bmall freeholds would pruduee
a better interest, and would swamp
]ic50/. t4?n ants- at* will, who bad no
Sidependent auifrages f If the con-
st should unfortunately be pro-
Cted any long(M\ the free- trade
trij will meet monopoly in that
aj, and in that way will over-
owe it. He had now given tbern
Ottie idea of the position in which
Bonopoly was placed in the country.
The mischief of it might be averted
' ihey would take tbeae facts home
ith them, a fid would study them
kr their own advanta-^e at leisure,
much had been said on the
aerit^ of the question, that there
•Jkd occa^^ion f(»r him to dnell
fie. Though he had not
had read all the speeches
bode in that discns^^ion; and when
all the faliactes, which he
ibeen knocking on the head
TSr tho last seven years, again
brought forward as arguments, lie
otdd ni>t help thinking what fun
wouhl occasion for the working
Den in fustian jackets in the north
England. »Since the Govern-
Bent meaisurc had been propound-
^he had inquired \vl\ether land
I antfered any depreciation in
, Jiad he had ascertained this
rkable fact, that tliough
'unsaleable, land was selU
itig and letting at higher prices

than ever. The house might af-
fect the value of cotton, silk, and
woollen manufactures ; hut there
was a love for land inherent in the
human race, and eepeeially in the
minds of Englishmen ; and it was
monstrous to suppose tliat tlie va-
lue of land could be dinjiinsbed»
whilst a process was going fiMward
whic!i must inevitably increase the
number of customers for its pro-
duce, and augment the number
of shoublcrs which bad to hear
its burdens. He, therefore, called
upon the Protectionists to consider
whether they could not do some-
thing better than prolong these
angry conflicts with the advocates
of free trade, and tax each other
for the separate benetit of their
respective classes. There was ho-
nour and fame to be gained in the
adjustment of the question. Our
nation was tl»e aristocracy of the
human kind. We had given the
world the example of a free press
— of a representative government
—of civil and religious liberty — *j
and we were now going, he trust-
ed, to give tbeni an example more
glorious than all, that of making
industry free — of giving it the ad-
vantage of ev€Ty clime and latitude
under heaven, and of enabling our
population to buy in the cheapest
and to sell in the dearest market.
The honourable member concluded
amid long-continued cheers hy giv-
ing his support to the measures of
Government.

Lord Geo, Ben ti nek condemned
the proposition of the Government
as vicious in priTieiple, and likely
to be deeply injurious, not only to
agriculture, but to all the great
interests of the country. Certainly
it could not be carried in what he
empbiiticaily called a Protection
l*arliament without a loss of ho-
nour to public men. The alleged

[F21

■'*-

68]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

change of circumstances in the
state of the country, combined
with the experience of the last
three years, formed no justifica-
tion for Sir R. Peel in abandoning
the whole course of policy he had
pursued for the last thirty years.
Accepting the challenge that had
been thrown out to name any ar-
ticles on which the repeal of pro-
hibitory or protective duties had
operated injuriously either to the
consumer or producer, the noble
lord adduced a variety of statisti-
cal details connected with the silk,
woollen, spelter, and timber trades,
for the purpose of showing that a
relaxation of the protective system
had, in these instances, signally
failed. In fact, the free trade
doctrine was an absolute delusion.
The price of wheat was now
actually lower than the average
of three years before 1842. He
contended that the rate of wages
would fall with the price of corn,
and the working classes would be
better off with undiminished wages
and wheat at 70^. per quarter,
than with corn at 45$, and reduced
means of procuring it. The appre-
hension of famine, at present, was al-
together a mistake. The crop was
more than an average one, and in
some parts of the country, in Scot-
land particularly, there was positive
repletion. The potato murrain was
by no means so extensive as it had
been represented ; indeed, he com-
plained that only one side of the
question had been stated to the
House. He had himself made
some inquiries on the subject,
and he found that in Roscommon
there was no disease at all, while
in Tipperary and Queen's County

it prevailed but very partially.
According to his noble friend,
the Marquis of Clanricarde, one-
half of the evil was attributable to
the conduct of the Government in
sending commissioners to Ireland
and creating an alarm. The po-
tatoes were dug up before they
were ripe, and they rotted. The
cry of famine was a mere pretence
for a party object. The Duke of
Wellington had admitted that there
was no scarcity of food in Ireland ;
and Lord Cloncurry declared that
there was a sufficiency of oats now
in that country to feed the whole
population. Never was there a
change of so extensive a charac-
ter proposed on so slender a basis,
and with so httle just cause shown.
He should not have objected to
open the ports had that been ne-
cessary ; but he could not see how
the necessity alleged by Govern-
ment could be met by free trade
in com three yeors hence. Much
greater benefit would be derived
by the public from a remission of
the duties on tea and sugar, two
of the main necessaries of life,
produced by countries favourable
to commercial intercourse with
England, and which came into
no rivalship with our domestic
produce.

The House divided at twenty
minutes to three. The numbers

Ayes
Noes

Majority

337
240

97

The main question was then put
and carried!

Enyland.l

HISTORY.

[69

CHAPTER in.

7*h4i Hoxite of Commons ffoes into Committee on Sir Ttohert PeeVs Beso-
lutions on the '2nd of March — Mr, Villiers move^ as an Ametidmentt
That all Dxillrs an Imported Corn should cea^e — Di vision of Partis
on this Proposition — Speeches of Sir Fiohert Peel and Lord John
Russell — The Amendtnent is Imt by a Majority of 187 — Debate on
th^ Second FUadinij of the Com BUI continued by adjournmeftt
for four niffhts — Mr, E, Yorke, seconded Inj Sir John Yarde Bulhr^
moves an Amendment for the rejccfion of the Bill — Sjteech of Sir
Hnbert Petl in answer to the Attach made upon him — The Aifu^nd-

I is lost, and the Second Readttty is carried by a Majority of 88
Farther Debates on the Corn Bill in the House of ( ommons — Tits

rd Bead in y is moved on the 1 If/i of May^ by Sir James Graham ^
and is carried try 'iJ27 to *2Q1», after an animated Debate —The Corn
Bill is discussed in the Home of Lords^ on the Motion for a Second
Beodiny, on the Hbth of May — S/^et'ches of the Earl of Eijton, the
DtiJce of Richmond^ Earl Fitzwilltam, the Duke of Cleveland, the
Marquis of Londonderry, Lord Stanley, Lord Brouyham, the Earl
ff Wilton, the Duhe of Cambridye, the Marquis of Xorntanby, Earl
Grey^ Maniuis of Lansdoirne, the Earh of IkilhoiOiie, Chrendon,
Camarron, Haddington, Harduicke, and the Dtike of Wellington —
On a Dinision there a^q^ar for the Second Beadiny (invludiny
proxies) 'ill: ayainst it^ 164; Majority ^ XI - — Var ions Amendments
re moved in Committee, by the Lhihe of Buckinyham, the Earl of
^icklott, and Lord Ashburton, trhich, after much discussion^ are
^ected by considerable Majorities — The Duke of Richmond opposes
the Third Beadiny by an Amendment^ whivh is subsequently with-
drAwn, atid the Bill is passed.

THE large space occupied, in
the preceding chapter, by the
prelirainarj dijKrussions on Sir Ko-
bert PeePs commercial poltcy ren-
ders it impossible, and at tbe same
time unnecessary, to pursue with
the game detail the numerous de-
bates which succeeded during the
progrefi* of the Corn and Cuistoms
Act*, through their suceesHive

stages, until they became law.
Night after night, these discus-
sions continued for several weeks
with little interruption, every inch
of ground being pertinaciously eon-
te«ted by the opponents, and all
the resigtanee being matle to the
Ministerial scbeine whici* the forms
and usages of Parliament allow.
It in needless to aay that debates

701

ANSI AL REGISTER, 1846. lE*^>»i

!v.»Tx^wes*

iV

\\w aniiu-Dou or" iK»*o*'.>

i'iku\> oxh.kvi'.uxl l»> !*:iv* vjJ*JL«rv
\\\\\\ \\\.iy\\\\\\.\ ^»i;\ *b ch o^orv at-

^nlll\Mll l»o»k!iu^ \iiv:i W *A> ou

«|iitiikiM 1 III'* v"ouvoMv\l :ha: !he

Ihu'»» mwH lu lUo l.i-^c v.*h^4i»ivr *vl

I lull 4 \ \Vv\\ u|i li\ vUo -^ui'is'i ',or*
%\\\\\ ii|t|»iiiuMU 1 lu iluv'^o aolMio**
%\\\\\ \\\\\ w \\\\\ Iv MisHoiv'HS. In

rniiiuioiii. (\» tiiiut ou: iu»t*,vV to A

\\\\\A 4l^io*iu«iu »^i >ox',\h'»

On lUo \\x\ ol' \l.»!vh, on tho
Ui'UJo I'^iMiu; \\\U\ V\*!nun(t\V. ?Jio
\\\a\ ioii>Uu'iou Kmu»; luoxwl. Mv.
N \\\w\A |M%t|>o%o\\. ;*x :a» i^mon.l
nuM»l. " \\\M \\\\ ilumw o« •.!»

\\\A iU»iO t'UMU HU\ Uo'^UV UM'.Ml^slo
\\\\^ W\\\\-A\^\\i\\ \\\\\\^\\\\\ V\\\ tv\*'.n
IV 0»uiMr»ouUou>. l«rl»Ot' \\\:\\ \\w \\\\

\\\\\\\\\U\\i^x^ ot' lUo moaMuv u«i;U;
l»oo\!\'»Mod \\\ v»n\v»\x"u\u»ui d.\!!4or
wv inoou\ouuMuv. Vho o|nui^»ii> ot*
louiliii^- aivi'^.^l^mi^^^, f;\nuois as

\\\\<\ WW \\\\\\\\\w\\^\\\\\ ot* \)\iurv trv»m
iuwuoilirtto ulvVitiv^u. luit tli\t, on
tho I'onnavv. i\\ov )»ivtVvrxsl it,
Trotivtunust u\oiu\»ors\u iho llouso
Lonl WorsloY. Mr.NVillum MUo*»
tiiul utluTs — luul i\s>ortoil, iluvt im-
iiH'iliato tt\»olitio!i wouKl l»o boitor
tlmu A pustjumomont for throo

mond, on the ground of hu ei-
pr^sded preference. The pPol»li-
lit V of a deficient harrest next jeir
was urged.

Considerable difference of opi-
nion was expressed by members fir
vourablo to free trade as to the
(vHoT of supporting the amend-
ment or the original resolntion.
Mr. Ward and Mr. Cobden de-
«rlart\l themselves in faTOur of the
amendment . but Mr. Hume, Mr.
T. Puuoombo, and Mr. Wakler,
avow 0*1 their intention of support-
iu^ the Government, whose mca-
5uW had gone as far or farther
than thoy had anticipated.

Sir Robert Peel said : If the
v-As** of Ireland were the sole ques-
tion to be considered, he thought
the iiuuuHliaie suspension of sU
duties would be the preferable
ev*urse. Uut there were other con-
sideration* : and the Government
hAvl considered that the whole ques-
tion \vuld be better dealt with in
the way they had proposed, than
b\ tb*e eourse prescribed by the
a:w o ndnient . S ir R obert proceeded
to show ihat, by the adoption of his
lueasurw certain descriptions of com
and other fmnl would be admitted
dut\ trxw and all other kinds at
a c:r\*aily roilueeil rate. With re-
spivt to the ameneuiout, he said —
•• St ill, if the measure be carried
- that is» iuimiHliato instead of de-
iVvred r\»poal--l shall accept the
anw'.uhnont .though my conviction
ot* the policy of iny measure re-
mains uncliaujreil^. and yield to

yoAi*^' tiOrd ,lohu Kussell was of the opinion of the majority of this

]||jc same opinion. Mr. ViUicrs House: but it is totally impossible

^|,^,ught that Sir Robert Peel him- 1 can answer for the effect of such

gclf "*"*^ prefer immediate aboU- a chance in the passing of the mea-

tion» "® ^*^ ^*^^ proposed what was sure. 1 prefer the deferred toimme-

♦antaiwo""* toil, the opening of the diatc repeal, on this, among other

rt» in November, lie also claimed grounds, that the Government in-

tU support of the Duke of Rich- tend to accompany it by other

England,]

HISTORY.

[71

sures. I cannot help thmkingt
if we had come forwaril in the first
instance with a prt>posal for iht; tu-
tiil rej:K?al, the measure would have
mcountered such a degree of op-

SositioD. that we must have aban-
oned all hope of success/'
SLr Robert was of opinion, that
if the question were settled, wheat
in the home market would instantly
^rise ill price ; and be diii not think
hat the slightest apprehension
, Clint of this country being in-
|*iindat<edt under any circumstances,
with foreign corn.

Mr. Bright had threatened the
Ilonsc with continued agitation if
I the repeal were not immediate ; Sir
"•Bobert Peel was sorry to hear it,
fclle thought. huwevtT, that such nn
ji tat ion wa;s unreason aide ; he did
think the agricultural party
make an attempt to disturb
ttlement when nnoe made.
TThU statement of opinion was
reived in silence.] But not
Jonly did he thiiik the threatened
agitation uurcaftonohlc, bethought,
J&o, it would not he auccesaful,
J think a great number of per-
sons would withdraw from tbe ranks
Ipf the Anti-Corn-Law Leagues ;
ibat ft great number of men
nrould say that our proposal was
toot ftn unfair one, coimidering the
difforences of *^pinion wbieb exist,
•tmsideri ng the pn^pect there is of
the duty expiring in three years.
And tlmt every day we are ad-

I dancing towards a total repeal of
Ihe duly, which » after tbe proposed
Ivduction* would be much lower
than at present/'
Lord John II us sell said he would
kftve Voted for the amendment were
be not apprehensive that the sue-
rCe«# of the measure would be cTulan-
r»r«*d if tbe amendntent were ear
ed, 8ir Robert Petfl bud maile a

most important etJitement, to tbe
effect that, in his opinion, if he
luid brought forward a project of
immediate repeal be would have
failed in his endeavour to settle
the question, " Looking," conti-
nued Lord John» ** at the eom-
jiarative advantages of tbe two
courses, I, for my own part, say,
that I will not incur tbe responsi-
bility of assenting to the motion of
ibc honourable meiuber for Wolver-
hampton. It is far better, in my
opinion, to promote the measure of
tbe First Minister of tbe Crown ;
and 1 believe, if the House carry it
by as* great a majority as voted fur
the i'ommittee, that the Upper
House will accept it more readily
as a measure of that Minister."

Sir Robert Feel liad expressed •
his regret, the other nigbt, tlaat Lord
.Ifdin Russell bad not undertaken a
Ministry founded on the immediate
al»o]ition of the Corn Laws, " I
was surprised to hear that state-
ment,'* said Lord John, ** for,
though I believe the right honour-
able gentleman would have given
me ovvry support to any measure I
might bring forward wliieb he con-
ceived to he for the public good,
yet 1 think he must have beard,
sincje that tiuie, ol»j<T'tions and
statemenia strong enough, and nu-
merous enough, to have convinced
htm that those who would have
followed Ijim and supported me in
oi^ce, un such a propoi?itiou, would
have been a very small number in-
deed, as compared with the hundred
and twelve members who have now
vtitt'd with tbe right honourable gen-
tleniaiL I mu)^t fairly say, that I
do not believe there wonhl have
been more than forty, or perhaps
fifty, membcrH to have votetl with
me/*

After other speeches, Mr.VilVien*

ANNIAL UEGISTER, 1846. [E^^^u.

xo '. i % "» . • ". .4 : v.-^v' . V '.y*i;

tut l-.ux ^l^.-.ti, Mr.

\\\jk\ S'-r K.'\-«

iV« »^*!\U '.•.*.'.'. : -.-^
Alul rivv. lo :*:.r\v

www ot *lu:io* Ihv.i

r rtvsi^n^ x\\A\ ;hov
;o provo:;: tlio m:!v
I t\»r tl-.o \r\>\\ |HVp'iO,
11. h«»\\o\or. |vi», tho
.1 I'O poriiKWioni, a Jul

\ hat thcv >i* or** ahoui.
It ot* miirimout,oAmo
, aiul :\ bushel of it
a hii<hel and ihnn^
I V. or tv» thrvv hushols

vliiuht. thororort\ it
i lar;roly whoro barlov

now con. sumo J : ami
led that maize could
into the port of Liver-
2*'«. a quarter, duty
gland cuuhl not com-
erica in the pnKluc-
artich?, the climate

No doubt could exist
oduction, duty-free,
?, to a great extent,
trt ; for it would not

be difficult to render it a palatable
substitute, especially with a eimall
admixt ure of wheat . 1 1 would thu
o\>mo iuto competition chiefly ai
human food, and, to a certain
o\ient, would doubtless supersede
o V on w heat . M r . M iles added . that
it was not his intention to divide
tho House ; and he hoped the
tr.onds with whom he acted would
adopt the same course ; thus dis-
piAvinj; AS great an anxiety as
thos** on the free- trade benches to
arford rvlief to tho Irish people.

A dosuhorj discussion ensued, id
«hloh tho meml»ers on the side of
yn^uvtiou generally expressed con-
cur r\*!u»o with the views of Mr.
VI -.'.cs. Some of the Irish mem>
Ivrs d^vlarinl their anticipation of
ivv-v.Ar.oni UMiefit to Ireland from
tho >uV>tiiution of a more sub-
^;jii:::.%: and nutritious food for po-
•a: v>.

T *:*.,' CvTu Bill, founded upon the
rv>o*;i::o:i> jusi rt»forred to, stood
tor a Siwnd Reading on the 20th
I't* Xlarv-h. The debate was con-
liuuvsl by adjournment for four
niiihis. Mr. K. Yorke began, by
uK^^iu]; as an amondiuent, *' That
tho l^ill Iv read a soi'ond time on
that day six months.** He said,
if gontlomon annind him felt as he
did, thoy would not be deterred
from usiu:; every form that the
House rtllowiHl, and adopting every
rule that the usages of Parliament
suiiirestod, to defeat the measure.
He s^H^ko oi the Ministerial scheme
as a breaeh of faith, calculated to
diminish the value of proj>erty, and
reduce the pn»tits of farmers and
the wages of lalHuirers. With the
view of showing the feeling which
existed among tho agricultural la-
bourers, he mentioneil that he had
received a communication from a
poor but intelligent man. who said

inJ.]

HISTORY.

[73

IB iUe cieigbbourhood from
I lie wrote, there was ** not a
l> in which the people were
ladj to a*sk>rt, by brute force
MSATT. their rig^ht to taste of
Miits of their owti labour;"
e added, that ** every village
1 vicinity was ripe for outrage
i first reduction of wages/'
k John Yarde Buller seconded
miendraent, which was sup-
I by 8ir R. H. Tnglis, Lord
igiOQ, the Earl of March,
iliaw» Mr, Finchi Lord Ren-
im. Lord George Bentinck,
Iher members* On the other

speeches were delivered by
fox Maule, Sir John Haiiinor,

Ebrington, Mr, F. Barinrj,
loulbum, Mr. 0, Buller, Sir
I Graham, and Lord Palmer-
Sir Robert Feel» at the con-
«i of the debatGi entered into
iidication of his own conduct
measures from the attack a
» had been made upon them
toe of the precediuj^ speakers,
fking that, had he occupied
kysition of a private member
B HouBC, he would have al-
i the accusations to pass un-
nL He entered into a defence
h proceedings, bringing to
action most of the facts
Jy known in conrjection with
Hiniaterial explanations. lie
ted to what lie said on Mr.
irs*6 motion of 1845, and cora-
hI on at the time, to show
lie had (hen arrived at the
^iou. tliat the Corn Laws
I not be defended on the old
ids : in consequence of this
b, the Protc^etion Society
id resolutions ejtpressive of
i»t in the Government, lie
id to A charge made by Mr.
^a, of having acted an uncon-
ionaj part in venturing to
B II or Majesty as to a sucees-

L

sor. He refuted the moro im*
portant objections to the ministerial
measure. He showed the neces-
sity of adopting means to improve
the physical condition of the popu-
lation : the first step ouglit to be
that which the Government had
taken. Looking at the measure as
a whole, he was convinced that it
would not be injurious to the agri-
cultural interest, and that it would
be conducive to the interest of the
community generally. He noticed
the taunts of bis dependence on
opposition support.

** An honourable gentleman asks
nio how long do I calculate upon
their support ? I will ho perfectly
frank and explicit on this, as on
every uther subject. I have no
ri|>;ht to place any confidence in the
snpjwrt of honourable gentlemen
opposite — I have none whatever,
I feel and acknowledge every pro-
per obligation to them as a public
man, for the suppurt which they
have given to this measure, and for
Kt odiously avoiding every thing cal-
culated to create enibarrassmeut to
its progress ; but then our ditleT'
ences remain the same. I have
no right to claim their support,
or their protection ; nor sh»ll I
seek it, by departing in the slight-
est degree from that course which
my public duty may urge me to
ailopt. If this measure pass, our
temporary connection is at an end ;
and I have not the slightest right
to expect support or forbearance
from th e to . 8 1 i 11 1 ess ha ve I , a f ter
the declarations that have been
made, a right to expect forbear-
ance or support from this side of
the House.

He conchided his speech in
these words : —

'* I am not surprised to hear
honourable members predict to me
that my tenure of power is short.

i ANMAL KEGI5TEL. IMi i-'-o"'

• • ii.i;i-iii4- ]iit.s> iiitt ;. lar . ireP.'STHKTfejnTi: .. «£: i-r-t-m i_:

• : • ••' • ..■ ii.ii ;:iijii.i>i iiiiti! jiurK*. .uuue* fULliC'-r'-nz-r-LJii--*.

• •• •« ■■ y .\ :•• jrt*H»-''ii\ iinu'." "ve^ licv. .'-:::. — i»»in.

■'•' •■ • • '■ I iif.i- iiiiiH w iia: am n '^iniuf^: zi \k"[r^-^i''^ uIiL

• " ..■}•' I.- tiii |M1!. lil-lre.S- ." aUiii 'Jal i- n-lliL '-a

,' • '* ♦ xt-y imlrti'.'ii^ at"'U»aiiOL ttiri. «•■ - oii;T«n-L .

" *» J .1 i. ii:« 4 iiii>i-ii-iii'«- tua: uiin !»• ii'.*aT*^i yi ti»*. r "Uii

' '■ ■■ ' ' '■ '«■«« if. inu and "^♦.•iii^ iirnT* ma: iiit*-« ir--* aiiriiiHi

'* • ■ ! : ■ " :«•:!.« w li:il I on'-M> iuivi- IH-*.*!, smt-TTllUniLi >r "U.**^

'* ■ '• ■ ' • I ■ '. 1 t...j.i y,\i TliiiTltii O-f Jur. l^-il 11U"«"' tr^lulibslrtrt

" •■■• • •• • • ".1 :.:::»!> f Jh TlHf •lljviciioi, tliaT "lilt-* HJVUtSL-'S

I ■ ' ' •'• ..?rn!4 ytu i*i iir»*i'autit»i. w*n't nir; f^mteriiii't? :

' ' ''■ f '■ ■ ■ '• ' '■■■'■ •■? ^«'i:i ***u- and J unj m*'.'ukixii: ih»t . liir <c'e»

* ' ' * r.;,ij I» IcM ii>in]«iira''T . im: i»: in* TK?mihT>-a.i

*' ' ' i« •■ .1 ii.:.,. IiImiK,. (,1,,.^ VI iiiivt iidomf'd. M". ▼i.''2.

' • ' « I I ■ .-. . 11,, ;«, , tj. 1 d<> full. J sliaL Ltv« lit' stt.icii!-

' * ■" ' iiifiiri-il ti Oi ni ri'fifvtilirr iLuT I i^liil "j'A

'•«= "• . «.iiiit Kutf fu]l<'i) iM'ruusi' J iitv* 5ii. *T

"' ' •'■* ^ •»>* nil. Mi^M'rvi**iir"\ \*' BUT ]iiirT^ . j. *•:*- '

''•■■ ••nliiii Tii't f:il; Jw-fhus*. 1 iiLvt iciCi'TTew

■' • ••• « (lie ilii !:i:i-»-<'iiik 4»i jiiirTv t(' lilt- T'-ii'-^

"•■ •'■ • in«i| in!i r***"!* iif thf ffUlULUliiTT. I rLfcJ

'•'■' "'"'l"! Iti> c.'tTiV «i:li ii,f ibf SUTi^fbflJiC if

• ' ••|f..i. Ii III til!f <tiiii:. iha! duriiiir ilie ri-nr**

' '« I ., mI.i (, , I ,,| ,„^ i.ifirial t-art'er luv otoeci Lsj

•'■ '• • •"••I I'l I II I.I III (ii mitigate monc'polr. u. iu-

'■•• ■' Hii (-11 Mi^r ill!' lit/inand fur indus-lrr. to

• -..ill |..,H III i« iimvc tlir rrMricT ions' upi.«n c>m-
' "■ ''''H, .1 iiiiiri'. !i> i.'qiialize the burdt-n of

' Ml.,,.,! I., ||,«. (.ixfv.. anil to ameliorate the

• ^ •■'« ii'iidiiioH of tli<t<^e who pav them."

I

i .. i

• ii I

Tin* llnii«.o divided as follows:
I'oi the .st'foiid reading 302
A.i;-«i"M 2U

Mjijoritv ... SS

II

**»«<! I*- till of May. on the mo-

, . . I '"'«».,» ,,. „ U.^xiw, inatle tlint the House

J ''» i»;.l ,;,i Mito ('ounnittee on the

.,. HI V ''*''■''"■ ^•■'»»m!1. loid (M»or«ro Bentinck

, . " ' •« i . I ... I. II .liu'inntod to interpose an

I j ' '■».», ,1 II,.,-. !»x niovmir a jnistponc-

^ ^ ■ '■ • 'I •' »^v »»»*»»« m:; {»..»i aa\ >i\ month:*. He

,.. ' ' ' '' " **''' i.r.u..i !l:o a>MTiion which he

jl *."''■ I' '""''* -'M''' '»»»' »"»di' v-i I'ormer invasions, that

■" ", ;^"'" ''' "" '"'' *^- *»-• »^M.,..> of liohmd had been

*"•■'••"'•• • '*''"" *'^*»N <x«^-orattd. He was

HISTORY.

[75

answered ai &ome leogih hj Sir
~oWrt Peel, who was followed
Lord John Busaell, Mr. G.
akea, and Mr. Disraeli, the two
gentlemen speaking with
irach severity of the measure ami
lie parlies who had proposed it.
two divisions occasioned
Dtions from tbe opponents of
be Bill, the order of the day was
irried, and on the next evening the
louse went into Committee. Upon
lie clause applying to the redue-
L>n of the duty on oats. Lord
orge Bcntinck moved the omia-
■on of the word **oats/* assigning
Be peculiar circumstance:* of Ire-
ad &5 hi» reason. The annual
Dportatiott of oats from Ireland
amounted in tlie last and for-
mer years to 2.500,000f. in value ;
nd» supposing that the free bii-
ortation of oats from ahroad
bould hut lower the price of oats
the extent of 10 per cent^ that
rould affect Ireland in a very
ievous degree, an<l the loss to
be Irish producer, with respect to
be single article of oats, would
noont to 250, 000^ a yean Lord
leorge proceeded to comment on
points in Sir Robert PeeFs
ch of the previous evening,
nd expressed himself with in-
creased animosity on the position
adorned by the Government. It
was ino>8t humiliating in a great
atesman hkc Sir Robert Peel to
ome down and acknowledge that
be whole course of his life had
een a aeries of errors. Lord
leorge also reasserted his opinions
M>ut lri:sh distress, and the nteps
fhich Ministers ought to have
liken to meet the partial evil
nhich existed,
_Sir IL V. Barron said, that the
of Ireland would not thank
George Bent i nek, either for
ke proposition which he had made

or for the manner in which he had
made It. He argued strongly ui
favour of the measure.

The Chancellor of the Eiche-
quor rose to put Lord George
Bcntinck right upon an important
point. He thought the noble lord
could hardly be aware of the efFeel|
of leaving out the word " oota*
from the clause. The real otTect
of that motion would he, that after
the 1st of February, 1840, oats,
instead of paying a L*. duty, as
proposetl by the Bill, woubl be ad-
mitted without paying any duty at
all. It was pt^ovided by the Bill,
that after tliat date, the duties
should be 1^. upon all wheat,
barley, bear or bigg, oats, rye,
peas, and beans, for every quarter.
In lieu, however, of that duty, the
nr>ble lyrd proposed nothing ; tbere-
fore the effect of the motion would
be, that the duty on oats would bo
lost altogether, and that oats would
be admitted without paying any
duty. He felt it his duty to state
what would be the real ctTect of the
aheration, if carried, in order that
the time of the House might not be
wasted in a fruitless discussion.

The Attorney- General having
confirmed Mr. Goulburn^s construc-
tion, the amendment, after sonic
further discust*ion» was withdrawn,
and the other clauses were agreed
to without a division.

On the bringing up of tlie Report
on the 8th of May, another discus*
8 ion took place. Sir Charles Bur-
rell again moved as an ainend-
ment, that the Report be brought
up on that day six mtmths. Ho
repeated the assertion, that the
dijstrcss of Ireland bail been ex-
tremely exaggerated. This view
was supported by Colonel Venier
and Mr. George Bankes. The lat-
ter asserted that the fear of famine
was already at an end, and be

ASM AL REGISTER, 1846. [EngJanl

...:'.■. lii. ilif Si'cre- contest with Mr. Hillvard. uponliU

..». !■ liiMiv it if he acc-epiinc: the office of Irish Secre-

larr. The debate, after this, as-

:...:n:Ttcil. ili.'tT ]io !!>uiued a jicrsoDal character: it

' • ;•!. till sint!^ cvcnTually terminated hv the Re-

'.;.. 1.-. 1 iiuiiii i«y jiort being agreed to withuut a

:.:.. S;: .'aini's division.

-. :';-i : iif lilt- The no\i>c arrived at the last

:ii jir>iTti»d stftcrc of the Bill on the 11th of

.1. '•.-:•!•.;> cur- May. vhen Sir James Graham

..-;■■->. ?.i :'ar Tn.»vt'd, that it he read a third

.;.■ ::!»• . Ii:ii. inM linir.

.^i : ::i ay- Th»- Marqu^? of Granbv there-

>:.:•.. irifii in n»n moved as an amendment, that

^ .:. i. ."I'l.-iTu'. it bf ri'Ofl a third lime on that daj

. :tn lii- >1\ iimiith?. The amendment was

■..■■: ;. ii:;\ ?.Ofnntb*il by Mr. Milm-s Gaskell.

-.. v'..:; ft vbibijti recently hi-ld the odice of

■ ^ ,; I'll u hfir.i of the Treasury, but had

■^'. lu-i h' ?i'>ioH'«l ii ii|Min the chance of

,1 x; -i.:!'!!,. Tniiii>Ti"rl.'il ]»«ilicy. Mr. Sheridan,

.. ,. ... X,-, \.:. •. jivlfv. Mr. riumtre. Sir.Tohn

> .;•. I'l ^^ r.i-li. Mr. Newdc-irato. Mr. Ilud-

•;i,. Mil.. Tin- Marquis of WorcfStor,

. ^,,,,,: ^'• l'i>racii. Lord Gettrffe Bon-

., .;.. T'.m k. aiul sovorul other memWrs,

..■■, >.;Tii>tfrTi't] tIk- «»T»]nisition with arjTU-

iii:-ii;> Miuiiar u* those before em-

, :.!■ \ •■!. : >ir .lami'S Graham. Mr.

,, Mi.riijai: I "awfi'rd. Mr. Charles

\N Mr. VillitTs, Lord John

} iT-^i'l.. nin": Sir lioberi Pin:*!, were

1.. n-.!i.';iial siK-nkiTs (-n the other

. .^ ^ ... .\; ii'T.iTt];. nfior three nights*

,,,.'.,:,•..;!■( liiini readiniT was car-

. . ;',' ,..,. ;i u Tiiil Hfiist'. at four

.., ,.-u 1. :lu invirii'iiir of the 16th

\ ;. ^ I'. :iu i.iiii'U-iiiir division: —

, ., - .1 :i.; iii'-i'. vradiiic . . 327

■ . ,ii. A.:,:".:r.i> f»t" Granbv *s
..lo.M.lip.-i ; . ... — p

\..,^'■^ !..: -.Iiini readinir 9^'•

■ !.. II Mwiii::i iH'bato on the

:, . J I ;iu lli'iiM- <'f Ia'hIs,

J . . ,. ..,...■. i:i».<! ;hi (;ni'-Tii»ii of the

, ... ..... -.. ..Ill,:, n: ilio Turrtsure. on

.1.. «il .i: \'ij;^

HIS TOR

[77

|e Earl of Ripon intrmluced
iDotion. Having undertakeu
Icharge this dut? voluntarily,
bould not apolog^ize to their
bipa for bringing forward a
lore which he had always coDsi>
I AS by far the nio^t imjvortant,
garded the social condition of
pountry, that had uvor called
ihe attention of that House.

question, however, was ns
Hit as it was important. Hia
kip proceeded to state the
res which had luflucuccd hira
rraer occasions with reference
k— the principles upon which
kd supported the Com Law,
IT hat were not the principles
id recognized* When he in-
iced the Com Bill of 181 j, he
I with reluctHncc, and he told
i Liverp*Kjl| who had desired
^to intrt>duce that measure*
;he had a great objection on
iple to any Corn Law wlmt-
, lie had never supported any

Law, on the grounds asaigned
ftany others, he did not ac-
rledge that any ground for a

Law was to be found in rents,
gages, and settlonienis ; nor
le consider it part of a great
jpk of protection to nation al in-
"fj — a doctrine whicli the legis-
i had never avowed, hut, on
loutrory, many of itf^ acts were
tHy adverse to the proposition.

lordship adduced, amongst
f examples, the case of wool,
hich no import duty had been
Bed till 1819. and then for the
ftf^e of revenue. The only
Dd upon which he had re-
Ued the expediency of a Corn
I was a sincere conviction that.
jut such a law, this country
J be, or might be, more de-
pnt than it ought in prudence
i upon foreign eoun tries, Un-
!S Com Law was considered

to be 80 intimately connected with
the commercial and agricultural in-
terests of the country, that it ought
to be permanently maintained, the
question was reduced to one of
time. After a detailed history of
the various measures restrictive of
the importation of foreign grain,
showing that if the system of pro-
tection was so essential to, and so
interwoven with, all the interests
of the country, it had been a most
unstable system, and that, mean^
while, agricultural intprovements
had been going on, and were still
going on, he said it must, there-
fore, he admitted, that the repeal
of the Com Law was a quci^tion of
time ; and, if so, the principle was
gone. Then came the fact of the
rapid increase of the population,
which had a tendency to press
upon the hniits of subsistence, if
one augmented in a geometrical
and the other in only nn arithme-
tical riitio. Another question was,
that of Ireland^ Those who thought
that a temporary Buspension of the
Corn Law would liave met that
evil gave up the important prin-
ciple that the law eontaincd a
power of self-adaptation to circum-
stances ; and, if once suspended,
such ft law could not be reverted
to, A great objct'tion urged
against a repeal of the Corn Law
was, that it would throw land out
of cvdtivation ; he had never heon
able to ascertain what was the
land which would thereby relapse
into waste ; he had found in hia
experience that no stich opprehen*
mm was entertained. In conchi-
»ion, his lordship declared ho felt
no shame at being a party to this
measure, and at bringing it before
the House, lie knew it was incon'
sistent with what he had formerly
done, audit might he with sentiments
he had expressed ; but he was in-

4

7H|

ANMAL KLGlf-TEL. li^L :Lun.a,.i

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lliiil ilii ■ nil iiMiii w ll^ iMit «'|tl«*ltlUlVli 0' lU* ••■•ili:r^- Tr_f-.-i LI;*'- "■'■M*'.

• •I '••♦) \ «•! till iri!.i'ii}-u iif till- ijir u< i" t:j-^ a: *.i: U'rii-L ii'vr

I I. null « lull Mfinlil «iii i-'nid lu IMTTIJ*." m.UJ ■.•!£ 1::- ' T-.Uit if

• III !•♦ nil 1«itI\-*^-|—- : :i;Li-— ;. Tl^i- Hi-a-Ji:--

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lliM ill. hill III- m:ii1 II Kfcdild Ultta'-i.- I:..;' i" '.u-. -Li».i.* H^f

llMc iIh • iliM itll liiiilillif, liiiili;; it inUIlUii'.li'l tr l!:- TlJ^-fl*' ■*"'li:iit

,. |.. .t III! Il Hill lil>ilv 1*1 iuHli-l a til* '.'li[;'"l.. •?l'0;a!^".- :!f. :t -•••"--

.|. .i>ll| lilii«» it|iiiii liiilihli ;t;'r:<ii]. tinir*- <•: III* •■•lUl.:— ul;. l.-i:!^' t

,,ti- '""' ''" H'tli'ihiil ;.'ii ;.Vi» -*. ^»*'^f*J'.'*' **l't ••"lll'.'U1-L 1»— nitr 'AT.

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l, ,,| lii|> t'li.ii ill liii. i,|,iiii»/ii, hurj 3*i:;'w.il::i:ii m7^.i..i-.*^c. d.»

,j,| |.. till .ini.iiii iiiifc of f'orij Lill. tij'- !i*fiiv.vL i: » (iu»£. :•*

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I J Miitk I.I- Ii.mI hill iliifi<l to vt.'rthfiehf'. h viif ijtr l iii-*.?;:'^

HI «•■ l« •» iiii.i.Mni- uiiliMiit li«.' fchould l.iiv* urnii:!-": ■ l r"":-!*'

' ' I . . .1 111 I...jl .^li*<.ia r<«v<-»>i>r^ *l-i.>'i

. ,. I i.iil lli|>iiM hull pfivi'li nrvifjuf' Lh'] ii<-*T. VLS"

1,1 |,i|. .1 III Imy ill" tli(; for which h *^l'»?t:tu:-.
iiiit.ihiM.' !h«* foijfjiJ. He dl] :• ■: :

III

;#• ^;

^ ,, „ I ...Ml . «..|ii iluil of th<r jiif-a-ur*- w...:>d

• • I , I. .. ill- lu. .1. MM- iIh'V ^'"" Ia»i*Jf.-«J ir.tvr-rf.:. i.-ji; -/r^r-r-rr

' ' , ., I . I ••! ■ .Mill III Hiin thi-y wirr^ n-.T '.r-.lTrr-i r: Uzllz'.

^ , .,, ,.. jii.,1,1. 'iMii. riiin|Mrii-atioji : >"j: Ir Ll- vi-

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" , . I . .11,1, 1 . iii.iii tiiinimitioii. if n •; & rrj-i!. ■;.: :Lr

'•'',' I I .1 til...... Ill nmlt tjix. which wa^ !i..i ..l:v .:.r.

/ I ^, J. I... ..»» .,i..l III |'i«''>«ivi', hut uiitM^ual. Hr .>V

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' ' ' I ,1,. ,....1,1.1 )»r«ih'i'lioii fur three v.i-arr : the

, , , I |;,,„„» I.iimI'mI iiiton*?.t doirf-ii to have a

' ., , .... M ... ...I ul.. ni'ich-iiMMit of tho rjuestiMii at once.

' ' ' ' , . .! ul!.... li'i 'l'i«""^;J> J>^' <li?<apI»rovfiJ the Bill,

J , ' ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ he hiiirnt voti' for it. a:? he had no

' , ,1, I. III. .'I .Jill iintivc irxci'pt that of rejecting

, , ' . , , 1...^ I ho im-nm»ro for another year. In

II, ....».li. |-ii'|««iuiuli!ij^ a measure of this

I. .„ il.i iii.iLJ.iniiuh', was it riijfht or decent

,., ,,, , . Ij.j.i li.i iho MiiiistrrH to jiropose it in a

, ,,, .1 ..,., iii.iiii.ii whlcli drove their Lord-

\ , ,t.. ,., 1 .|.i|... .11 it were, into a corner?

,], J,,., I.. I'll.' Ii«»?il JinuMidincnt of the l$ill,

,11 .1 |.., hi 1 1.. 4 II luoncv Hill, wmihl sacri-

.,, ,.,, , „|,„ I.. .It. Adoptiiijr all the Duke of

.., , Jn u,.u li.. I.h.oiid's <»|»iiu.»nsupon the con-

I), ,|,| ,t. iliK I wt' Miiii^ttci'M, ho must still

j i' I ■ > •'■ .11' •«•' ».j.i.,.-.o hi.-i auuMidmcnt.

I ,. \ ,, I ,|.., . mo The huke of i'leveland opposed

I

I

. ■' •

I

kghmd,']

HISTORY.

[79

the Bill, which he characiemed aa
unprecedented for iu boldness and
dnngertms in its character, alto-
gether departing from that course
of policy under which this country
bad attained a power and renown
superior to any other country in
^^e world ; and the great evil at-
^pnding it was, that if it failed,
liowever ruinous its consequences,
ii would he impossible to retrace
"" 3teps. The eouccssiona which
companied the measure were of
"I'Character, and stUl left it
i 0f ^6 roost unjust and opprcs-
ever impoKed upon a loyal
E>ple. The measure of 1842 was
lieved by all to be final, and the
nentij now urged against it by
the Minister were precisely the
s those whicb had been em-
by Mr. Villiers and Mr.
ten in 1842. It was the duty
the Government to have asAcm-
their friends and consulted
brm before this measure was de-
niined on, instead of betraying
bem as they had done. The per-
wbo wouJd be most injured
this measure were the small
landholders, or country gentlemen,
the yeomanry (the pride and orna-
ment of England), and the tenant-
oers ; whilst thousands of agri-
illural labourers would lose their
nployment, if land were, as ho
elieved it would be by this mea-
thrown out of cultivation.
be noble Duke, like the Duke of
Qond, considered that this
are was a prelude to further
orations, and that the next
of attack would be the Irish
Church.
The Marquis of Londonderry
the measure. lie said
the farmers in the north of
nd did not participate in the
beosiona entertained by the
Bokea. He felt it was a

great experiment ; but he had
such confidence in the ability of
the present Ministers, displayed in
their domestic and foreign policy,
that he could not desert them
upon a question which, after all»
was more a question of rent-roll
and of profit than of any high
principle of political economy, lie
thought that their Lordships should
try an experiment proposed by
Ministers who had raised this
country to the very highest pin-
nacle of prosperity.

Lord Stanley began by express-
ing great distrust in his own
powers, but he felt a conviction of
the truth of the cause he sup-
ported, when entering upon the
defence of a system of law which
had been designated by Earl Fiti-
william an absurd systetn, and
which had been vigorously assailed
by those who had hitherto ably
and strenuously defended it, and
to whom it owed its very existence.
Upon the question of authority, he
appealed from the authority of the
living to that of the dead ; from
statesmen of the present day to
Lord Chatham, Mr. Pitt, and Mr. i
HuskisBon ; to Lord Liverpool,
Mr, Canning, and Lord Grey.
The Earl of Ripon bail denied
that the Legislature had rccog*
nized the principle of protecting
native industry as a reason for.<j
regulating the importation of com,
whereas such a principle had been
adopted so early as the reign of
Edward IV., and it had conti-
nued to be the rule of our legia-^
lation up to the present time. t\mb
it was expedient to secure the in-
dejH»ndcnce of this country upon
foreign nations for corn, and to
j^ive encouragement and protoc-
tiou to the cultivation of its own
soil. This had not only been our
own policy, but at the very nio^

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [BmgUmd.

^ereTenturiog upon
nent of leaviDg the

natioD's food to
other country in
IT eminence main-
tion to its agricol-
)u8tice to the mo-
wlio had hrought
asure, and Sir Ro-
urticular could not
rcBcen the disloca-
ption of tics, the
confidence, and the
b would occasion on
tituencies in public
li anient. But the
met had mistaken
iud the position in
need ; lie had con-
awling torrent of
ho deep, »tiU cur-
pinion. Ministers
in another place,
otod would 1)0 the
lortsuro, and they
ov did not know.
Ihoreforo, was in-
t a knowUnl^c of

would l>e. The
d for tho measure
io in In^land and

0 tnritV; but those
iturtllv M varianco.
\od tbo lamino in

on\\ bo by brine:.
•ico «»f o«>ni to the
tnvNinir population
M, l.:M-,i4iip?' must
k,Mn fnmino and
iiv. 11'" «^poko of

1 n . n Ni-^ion, nbnvo-
;nnKi' in difVonMit

,.,n,1 o< di'"titMtion
, nnb ibf prn'tinl
i)\. .M»p W bon
, |.. r.Mi <bi^ Tnbi

>\ « !^ unMi>b«M*.

^, I . M ii.n. n»i«l rt
. » flu- t'otu l.rt^ :

a total aboGtion he considered un-
justifiable in itself; bot he was
left alone. The noble lord then
entered into details respecting the
course he had uken in these trans-
actions, and then into statistical
detaib applicable to the policy and
effects of the existing Com Law,
and particularly to the operation of
the sliding-scaJe in checking the
tendency of a rise in the price of
com, and in preyenting the fluc-
tuation of prices. This was a
complete answer to those who said
that fluctuation of prices was the
peculiar vice of the sliding-scale ;
whereas never had prices fluctuated
so much as during the free trade
in com, when we were most de-
pendent on a foreign supply. In
the prices of articles not subject to
any sliding-scale, in w^hich there
was a free trade — potatoes and
cotton, for example — the fluctua-
tions were enormous. The pre-
sent Com Law had kept us in-
dependent of foreign nations, and
maintained a steadiness in prices ;
and would any man contend that
these advantages had been pur-
chased by a sacrifice of any in-
terest ? So far from it, our
exports had increased, our ship,
ping had increased, the value
of land had augmented ; why,
then, was this hazardous experi-
ment to be made ? The system
of manufacturing prosperity was
not without its danger ; it should
not be checked, but it ought to be
oarofiilly watched ; the power of
pr<^»duction was always overtaking
ibat of absorption, and if manu-
fnoturof: were pampered to an un-
wbolosome increase, when the
bubble burst the min would be
o\toT)sivo. But it was not clear
fbnt the repeal of the Cora Law
won Id inoroftse manufactures. If
nn ai*pimont was drawn from the

B of the tariff upon other
W, ilie price of corn would
ritli tlie repeal of the duty,
\Ai of wool had risen. He,
trer. coat ended that the price
rn would fall greatlj ; that
iovdd have att inundatioa of
fn com at 40 j, a quarter,
Hg that about the price of
in the British market. The
I profits of the forci^ com-
ir on the importatiou of the
e into England would funii«h
ith a capital which he would
to the raiding of more com,
were the manufacturers
benefited by this measure ?
fcjr the reduction of wages.
* e of labour must fall
le price of corn. If the la-
fr'a wages were to be reduced,
^ught to have the balance of
btages fairly put before them,
^noble lord then showed the
Ij of the notion, that Eusata,
|ia, and the United States
i not take our manufactures
■Be we did not take their com,
Ibat our exports to these coun-
hroold increase after the Bill

r. Bat admitting that there
he a great increase in the
fis of our manufactures, dlffi-
|b might ari»e, and war inter-
|; and when foreign markets
lelosed against us, and we had
fl^jed our home markets^ then
^ be the period of bitter suf-
to all, tni Mpeoially to our
And upon whom would
fall f Not merely on the
but on the tenant-famicrs,
Imtist suspend improrements,
labourers, and reduce
according to the cold and
jh maxima of the free-traders.
if this system could be carried

(effect iu England, could it
be tried in Ireland ? And
|y that this measure was for

the relief of Ii^latid was a pro-
position perfectly abiiird* The
noble lord then laboured to show
the injurious effects of the measure
upon the Colonies. Destroy the
principle of protection, and he told
them that they would destroy the
whole basis on which our colonial
system rested. If our Coloniet
were taught commercial indepen-
dence, they might leam political
independence. Witli regard to
Canada, we were going to break
our promises to her ; and niorf*,
we were about to destroy the eom-
raunication by the St. Lawrence,
and to make New York the chan-
nel of our communication with
Upper Canada, whilst the United
States saw our suictdnl policy and
were taking advantage of it. In
conclnaion, his lordship made a
powerful appeal to those noble
lords who went with him in his
argument, and disapproved of and
were alarmed at this measure, and
yet. for various reasons, were pre-
pared to vote for it, against a blind
deference to the authority of the '
other Houae, which, according to
its recorded rotes, had repeatedly
negatived this measure. Such a
sudden conversion diminished con-
fidencc in the last vote, lie warn-
ed thern^ likewise, against being
deterred by the fear of being sus-
pected of unworthy motives of
self-interest. It was for their
lordships to check hasty and ill-
considered legislation, and to pro-
tect the people against the treach-
erv of those whom thev had chosen
to represent their opmions.

Lord Brougham began by com-
plainittg uf the disadvantage under
which he laboured in addressing
their lordships after a speech of so
much power and clcMjuence at so
late an hour. Lord 8t*iuley had
denieil the alleged famine ia Ire*

i

fj

HISTORY.

[88

iked to aet honeBtlj and
tow&rdi the countrjr. He
led that this question should
fceu brought forward at all»
f the questioD itself than for
might be the consequences
Feeling &8 he did, he could
r|»ort her Majesty's Govem-
pon thid occasion.
Mftrquia of Xormanby be-
that the etTccts of the
&, whether for good or for
ad been much overrated,
Daght# however, that the
was in favour of the good,
kt it would tend to relieve
reaa of the labouring classes.
ienmed the Goremment for
bg earlier measures to ame-
heir condition* He reflected
pch BCTerity on the incon-
[ of Sir Robert Peel's con-
|d on the sacrifice of public
|r, which ho conBidered to
BQ made bj the introduction
measQrea bj the party no^
fc

%mri of Cardigan declared
Qity to support, upon tiiis
, a Government which
ta liave DO fixed and de-
ls op tn ions.

Bar! of Winchibea deli-
kc^en philippic against the
aent for their change of
upon this question r which
Ired was not now whether
m to agriculture hhoidd
Hed, but vrhether the Go*
It of this great country,
id by those who had base-
^Bd their constituencies,
^fallowed to act bo de-
fa pait as to give a pre-
^ one of the most revolu-
'f factiooB that had ever
t There was no greater
K> cbcap bread than he was;
I must be cheap bread of
mihf for he would ngt

have auch a country as this« with

BO many con ftic ting interests, de-
pendent to any extent for food
upon other nations, when it could ,
grow corn enough for its own con-
sumption. As to this question
being settled out of doors^ it had
been settled in 1842, and upon the
faith of its being so settled capital
had been invested in improvementa
of land, and that capital would by
this Bill be diverted to other coun-
tries and employed in the cultiva-
tion of their soil. Ho implored
their lordships to vote without any
consideration of private feeling or
private interest, but only from a
sense of public duty*

The Earl of Clarendon rejoiced
at the introduction of this measure,
and at the justice of the arguments
by wltich it had been defended
during the long and wearisome
ordeal which it had passed through
in the other House. He did not
consider thi» a party measure : the
question was merely one of time,
of facts, and of experience. During
the last thirty years the opinions
of almost every one had changed
upon the subject of the Com Law.
Would the Protectionists say that
their opinions were the same ?
When they took upon themselves
the responsibility of the Govern-
ment, as they expected to do, were
they prepared, at all hazards, to
maintain the existing Jaw? The
noble Earl vindicated the course
pursued by Sir Robert Peel, who
had acted upon a higher ground
than that of party, and although
some had pretended to have been
taken by surprise, he had, during
the last four years, spoken lan-
guage that was, or ought to havel
been, perfectly intelligible. With
regard to the ]ilea now urged in fa-
vour of the Cora Law, that native in-
dustry must be protected, natlre in-
[G2J

vlAL REGISTER, 1846. E^'^^i.

I \ iwnu'timn, liail been '•biiract^I "p-l* :«:

>i!uu'r vliorc cninibling away, arid tl''i*.c irii-

I viihilvjiwn ('i]tlos were bejinniDi: iv ":^ re.-cc-

viM.-i. iMthiT iiisod which plaeed u}>'.*s & s^i-lid

>.> -v h:i«] siit'> fuundation the conttnuaz.ce of ihe

:« •.^'s.'iii rjjsi". incs^tiniable blessing of peacv. He

\' -^ .Muir; nni iirp^d their lordships to j«a*5 i

' M .Nuiiii iM^t nicASuro that wuidd r€>moTe a ec>a-

» !.^ '1 . ;hc stnni and fertile source of di^eon-

•. ii.i.: .t:t-iii(*T tent, and licnefit all classes. fuunJ-

. , .ni \ H ed n$i it was upon a great and

Si'. viii,i«iwr Con iprehensivc view of the Tarring

^■.'< ;h:> cin*iiin>tances and complicated in-

^ ' .T : :.iii* tr:v>iii of this great countrv.
V ! .:•.'!. The Earl of Carnarvon opposed

■ .» -.M ;v tlir ImII. insisting on the absence

.»: lit' :uiv necessity for the repeal of

V > ^.^ (h. r\i>iing law, and disputing the

• ^ ..V •j.uirino of Lord Clarendon that

. , *. i'l. K:in>h industry needed no pro-

..' .:•. N-..!-^ t»v»ii»n in its competition with that

. »« . . %. . V .'. :.".Hiirn nations, lie contended

. . vv . .* i!.:.; \\w wages of the agiicultural
"..•.:'.•"..:•< r «t»uld be forced down by
.. »•.*,. -s •• •> I'.ii'aMire to the very lowest
. V. \ »m'.. ;i:ul that the poor farmer —
.■ .».» -..'jMor with little capital —

V . .. .1 :.c ruined. The noble earl

.,^ .' . vci.i I'UT the grounds so

.... ... . ..:. ivAAorsod, — the treatment of

,./,., ; . Tv. iivtii'!ii*t party by the

. , .^,., .• i * . • -.^v.u :\t : the incongruity of

, -^ .,-^^. i .. .'.:^;r.m'uis of the Premier with

., ^ \-. ».» .. ••^»" •• ' '"^'^ '^"«^^"' ^^^ pertinaciously

' V» :..-..:.' ••..■. -..iVASi ; iho tendency of the

:v^A:v.'.ruMiro to derange prices, .

■ .-.VAiati* tho country with fo-

l.,, i.i-»' i!:,'x -^ - • ^ '^-i ''" ihoap years, and to

.It .11. a l'\ ilu' V. ..N^' ":: ^u'.vndoni in defieient

•I \\w i».iJiiO^ V. .i>.':'.s •.■.iv.-.i mitViondly nations.

, NN.i- iiM i\wU lli^ i.»-Ai^V.]» «ouiid up his speech

A\ yAw\\\\\\A\ Vv .1 \v-ii:»M nuimadversion upon

».^xu inU-u'Ni>. tlu- .\vul;ivt ot the Ministers, and

ai.i{ ^^a^ d,»iu- ilu' .Iku^.- of o]»inions in the other

riii- iioMo lord llouso. The public connected eha-

nU" o!" ho.«»iile laciiT v»ith ennsistoucy, and the

. bail i^u•lva^od cvudiu't of the Ciovernmout had

the ino^i hos- s.ivou a severe blow to the public

t*uturea. The luorals of this country. If ever

imn iutoivour»o there was a Oovernmeut pledged

»» I ' I .

i.".\ . 1.

HISTORY.

[85

in pai
■r The

the principle of protection, it
V that of the Dulio of Welling-
; ftiid irhen it discovered its
mistake it should not liavo taken
adTantage of its own wrrmg, bxit
should have appealed to the con-
' [tit lien cjr. With the view of pro-
curing §iieh an appeal he voted
against this Hill. If the comitry
ahould feel that the cry for justice
and a dispassionate consideration
wtk» not heard in this House, and
thai patriotistn was swallowed up
in party attachment, he should
with the gentlemen of the
e that the Houfc had lost
purpose of pohlic utility*
The Earl of Malmcsbury also
opposed the Bill, which he said,
if passed, woxild be passed either
use their lord«hipa placed un-
ded confidence in the Ministers
Crown » or because it was sin-
and loudly demanded by the
o. The noble earl asserted
injurious effects of the red tic-
of duty upon foreign barilla
kelp trade of the Hebiides.
aad denied that the present protec-
tion to native products operated as
a burden. He put it to the right
!verend prelates, who were the
" lans of the temporal goods of
Church, and whose interests
different upon this question
those of their parochial clergy
le of whom had fixed incomes
the clergy would be paid
t according to the old but to the
new and reduced prices of grain.
The rerdict of the people had been
passed upon this measure at the
election of 1841, and their rcjee-
on of the candidates, who bad
ently appealed to their suffrages
its favour, had couBrmed that
rdict.

The Earl of Haddington ac-

owledged that never, cither in

or the other House of Far-

that

liament, had he presented himself
with more imfeigncd reluctance or
greater pain, not from any doubt
or hesitation as to the conduct ho
bad pursued or was pursuing, but
from finding himself opposed to
those with whom for many years
it bad been bis pride to act. He
ngree<l with the Earl of Carnarvon
that, as a general principle, pub-
lic character was connected with
consistency of conduct ; but, upon
questions involving no religious
or moral principle, he was not
ai^lmmed to avow a change of
opinion. But ho had never given
vent in Parh anient to any opinion
that the agriculture of this country
depended upon protection ; he bad
thought that the hinded interest
would not have been injured if the
Corn Law had been ilone away
with, but for the panic which
woidd have attended the change*
The noble earl then explained the
course he had recently pursued
when this subject was broached
in the Cabinet, and the circum-
stances under which this measure
had been adopted by the Govern*
mcDt; and tlien applied himself to
answer some of the arguments of
Lord Stanley, whose speech, elo-
quent as it was, glowed with Con-
servatism. Although he believed
that the principle of free trade was
growing in favour with the country,
vet he did not think the Govern-
ment jthould have assumed the
respoijdibility of appealing to the
country. He declined entering
int*j the details of the measure,
which had been most ably done
by Lord Clarendon, who had dealt
more generously with the Go-
vernment than Lord Normanby.
The Bill would, in his opinion,
ensure more steady prices than
the present law, and the nppre-
hensious respecting an exorbitant

_.«;/.. n»i

1-- ■.-— i^-r-. — - 3.-^

■ ' r .. -.i „i.

- ■ _ ^Zt-T -k-iL: k

'*•*'" .'

:. ::; - .:- "Tiz - ~ n r ..;':i'- •

f • ■ • ■ '.**'»

:-rT-;.. .- .*-::^--rL f.^r 1^ rru

/ s UK

U"I » t.l "T .!.^"r-. i-i- -. -^ifTTi

..

.? ...• rj,^

V '.ar F^- -w.-. 4 --iniiiirncLir

1 1.

1 ' •

1 ' '

1 liiiii ni.f.

;.•/•: \ • • u—.ni .il' r-^rrj^nzs

1 1

Jl / ii-i

•■•- '■.:;: ":• 1 ■- z^ l- ie

II

„l iiMil il>:

':',.'.<'. '-.•:. -j- ri-i- .•^:'. ' ■«'i*

III ih I rii|iOt iiji'iM I f*''i;;. ■.■:*" '.1 T.;-^ '^"r' c-tII- r lii-?

II. II .I.I- I ml liili t'/ p*.*-c ".i.i: "i.t: ::**;•: t-ib

' «. ••!« 1 1 II II iftifA A.'.-i i-T-.ri ._: 1-:-. T^?.

.» .iii»im lnnvi'vor, it.': r. .l-r Icri* •.:! ihe

• ■' ..iuMi- iiilii'f M*: Ki'i •t'A.Iei to «ij.

*■.••»• TIh' iiiifirMft.!] ar^rrienc wLioh ther

■ ^ • i» li.iil |iii|. forwarrl wa^ th.it of the

■ II,.,.. il.iiu'.iM of lii'injj <lepeiiJeni upon

' .... i.xiMrii iiittiiiim for 3ub:3i«tonee.

till I ilionrv liiul Ikioii satisfacturily

•..I ! i'ii:ihI oi" liy Lord Brougham,

». :>' li i»l «hi»wn that, during the

' • -•'" I*' vur Hi niuirle with Franco,

N .|'..;.-..!i VI. 11 iiiiiihle to exclude

• .■:.i 'f lIio v\iiitinont from our

■ ■ .5 .'J J IWvii^hrtm had also

I .♦.! ■ I.I ■•'».• v*\isciiiij Com Laws

1." 1.-.. •»• ^vii.-j'dorvd as laving

I ,.....i.;ir.i .1 -:;i\ of loss than

• ' ■ ■^*'. '■^' i *'m:-. »%''.ic?i was dou-

• ' ' ••...■•.•.■;].• ^'ooiuo Tax

i-..:m If \i \A X i\. This

■ * •• ' ■ »"* "I '.Sio Vrit'tit

Bitgland,]

HISTORY,

[87

Kka fanaginarj benefit — of a class.
Lord Qrej proceeded to show from
the ia«tanfte« of tho jears 1833.
1S34, 1835, as eoTitraated with
['1839. 1840, 1841, that in tho
ormer poriod, when wheat was
|low in price, trado proipered,
were high, and the con-
of the working classes was
irourable ; while in tho latter
eriod, concurrontlj with high
•ice*, trade deelined, wages sunk,
Dumbers of tho working po-
*Dn were out of emploj. A
ble lord had referred to Poland
AS affording an example of cheap
com with low wages. But in
Poland wagei were kept down
hj misgovfiminent, by restrictions
cm industry* and by a system of
onaliBed slaircry. In his (Lord
Grey's) Tiew Com Laws inflicted
A double dtsadvaniage on tho la-
bourer ; while they enhanced the
^rioe of food, they depressed the
rate of wages. If this aupposition
[Were true, no cnnaideration ought
restrain them as a Christian
cgislature from sweeping away
hese restrictions. He referred to
fie rise which had taken place in
ent, and to the spirit with which
Dprovements were prosecuted, as
I proof that the agriculturists as a
entertained no real fears on
'"the fnbjc»ot. He instanced also the
«Mee of wool, of lire stock, of ilnx
and rape-seed, the reduction of
duties on which had called forth
so much alarm, to show the fu-
Ulity of similar apprehensions as
regarded com* lie expected that
under the proposed Bill the price
of wheat would be lower, hut not
greatly lower than the average
of the last dozen years, while
the fluctuations would be rcdiiced
within narrow limits. Ho had no
fear of land being thrown out of
enltiratioD, and he belieired that

no country would derive so mxieh

advantage from the change as
Ireland. Lord Stanley had de-
picted the injurious efl^eets which
would arise to tho Colonies from
free trade ; but, so far from agree-
ing with that opinion, he (Lord
Grey) believed that it would prove
the surest method of binding our
Colonies to us. The colonial po-
licy, which he deemed the wisest,
was that of maintaining the mutual
depon donee of tho Colonies and
the mother country. It was com-
mercial jealousy which had lost us
our Hettloments in North America.
Against Lord Stanley's predictions
of ruin to the interests of Canada,
he cited the report of a debate in
the Canadian House of Assembly,
where the language of the princi-
pal speakers was in favour of freo
trade, and where they had carried
tho repeal of the before-existing
duty on American corn by a ma-
jority of 45 to 27. After stating
his reasons for believing thot a
fixed duty, although he had deemed
it a desirable measure in 1842,
wotjM now he impracticable, Earl
Grey adverted to the An ti- Corn-
Law League, the existence of
which he fully admitted to be a
great evil, at the same time dis-
claiming the intention of throwing
any blame upon the leaders of that
body, especially upon Mr. Cubden,
on whose conduct and mode of
ean'yiDg on his opposition to the
Com Laws he pronounced a high
eulogium. His great objection to
the Bill was that it retained ** the
rag of protection^' for a term of
years, which might occasion the
continuance of tho League, whose
power might l)e turned to other
and more dangerous pTirnoset.
Adverting to Lord Stanley s de-
scription of the proper duty of
tho House of Peers as a chock

I

88]

ANNTAL EIXSISTEB, 1M6. t*****-

U]nir. i;u>:t uhc. !.-:•.. lisiurrrw. if-

CiMUiivU.. r.ur. -rt-j -.i-iA a. rmnL
plum-, a: lii-- }"rit£-vrt ti-i:'!- ire*-
irudi I'HiiJi'ijr iuic iiiiiLii a. lilt
rouiiTr^ &;ij'.-. 'Jit iiii!*. iC A (ibTi

SuiilL. UUi, li-iK-.'fUfL li UillVt

\x> ••fi'.'i"i t'l. I uriiuiit'i;': Ji=-tjii
l»unui: •.iu iu?: i-.-v jeLTb..

jiiri!} uiruiiis; i;. m hjul vLi luat.

oihiM llou>t !•! jurluuutnii rctiuL
lui\i' iuiii^ti ii> iiiiL t=Tiii(iiaii» u:

vliirli :lii }»;*iui-i}ut ▼hiul itt fiiI"T

UlU«}ill'U. J lb o;>}ti>llt.'llIfr M»ii£ II.

bui-b UTuii- ill; liit'T t'TjoitaiiJT
tUiii iU»t rt'hui; I'vtvuc ii»»; iit 2i.ni-i.

bUW Ufl AlujvMv'b IC-JiiKVr?.. iriiL'
Lud bit loHj: iH't'L liir Ll>it;in k^r;..

fuU't of protfCTioii. f;>aiiLir z.*rwkrL
and uiuufuUv iji\.viLi: u vjzhzu'Zm
cliaUiTf of oj»iiLioL. Tiiij no^at

tllUl U^v'Wli'j- BlJ^'l ij'.' rS"«"r lllCSL

full f'f'Ji: f-.T luhhii-g :; -riiii T»er-
fi.vt ^•:a■cr:•.v Lud Lio-.-mt ; i:. f«i,

li'. oiut.Tvibt : 14 jd Via*:-:. Lc fi'iiiid
ill '.•&•.' bupp'.»n;i;2 ii, ▼iij. "ciidrr

Ua'^irt f'.irwLrd vj rfcfcitT fuel* &
JLl-«,-4itUr«r kr '.^t pr-ss*!:.!, L* d^
i:\tA fi'jvj iLf. cLrcucis^UDC? tLe

h\.'V!.j;'.'?l j/^ft«:.'vl'; J-»ra*'^L.% ii f*-

.'-'/ do--: 01 lUai iij*: lioufc^ of L<l*t>2£
wo'jvj jy-ikU«r wLeii tL«;v CAZbe tO
»vV: u]y-»ij tbl« t-i'-^M ixfiponaxit

lii«; MifjJfeUrb <;J lL«; Crowu did
Ji'<;i'i viriAft nr^.ytj.iiiii^ tb«; Com
i.u«r>, iii Ui': V (.-%/« 1>30 kiid 1841,
w)ji';)i wi.'Mr fj'/i ifj h/:i;ordArice with

of wLi« }j Ui<'. j/n:M;fjt rj3(;atiurc wts
);|-oUj/lil lifid^rl i1j<; liOtU:4; of Par-
luiif^cfit ; but lio Hi an in hiii M^nfM^
couU d/yul/t that that cxprefeitiou (if

lit TaBfiaiiBUe a^p^g* ? ™
>c*vfsrEdfni "•*• |*iiuilj ■■cci*-
Xverr uDC: kapw that m WS^Uug
-UMt fniinianfr "viuiii A'J ■•* P"*

sacrx&ct-.. sod dome

iaraed ^m- smmgert nosaUe i

ci: xbf: zK«ei

iifcssixu: ibfr , 1. nil

■ Liirt A«kamrM»ifipoMdtbeftll,

inoHiBed 1^ ^
W xitt 8aiiifi> iDdrridnal vlio 1
a PiD- jmi' xbe Hoimc cf Co
maiT Tears \mtsL. immHini to ix
lift Vif* of vhett at the ■ ■
jiriet" of r»C»f . H* hrooghi ii
i:« «irL BiL of ibc vraBOtt i
aiii: iitv i»t xDPT«d ihe iMt- Had
xbi i*unt Yte^ok c^Mod last aniMiii
Lcrfi Aiinnrwn &d Mt M diat
lijert wv»TJa nave been aaj diffienky
ii. tuLjis^xZ iitEsm acmin. A fiuoBir
wc-uTTWiM- iM^ jiiace in the nine
of Vr. Ensiissan. In 1S25, when
t:cTi Tc'-acLed 72f. a qxxaiter, that
a't-k Miiasiier ki inihc twndedcctn
ai a diiiT of ICtp. At ihmt tiM
there Wre- 4'>jj»j quarters in
iKod : az>d Mr. Hn&kiseon let in
tLai qTiazitirr in three parts, at
inivrralf of three montha, and thns
prerexitc^ the approAching distress.
Hov differEnt from tlus eantioiis
j»c«licT were the measnm of the
j.r<&a<riii Goremment ! To diow
the pni'lfiable enent of the com*
petition likelj to arise tinder free
trade in com. Lord Ashborton
referred to the eridenee given by
Mr. Bamfield before a Committee
of the Lords, and remarked that at
oDce as much as 6 aXH),000 qnartcn
might come in, or nearly one-tlurd
of a whole year's eonsampuon.
Under such circumstances it wonld
be impossible to tell how low the
price of com might fall. The

England.]

HISTORY.

[89

sit{ipljr would be immense, beyond
all power of coiiBuniption. Lord
Aahburton quoted from a, work,
pabHsbed by Lord John Russell
^in 1821, written in the philosophic
^bniet of retiremcitt, to show what
^HM then thought of political e€0-
^fcomj AS a science. The noble
|^"imter epoke of ptjlitical economy
j as an *' awful word," aa a science
which was ** changing from day to
day;** and now, said Lord Ash*
I bnrtoD, their lordships were called
. tipoin to decide a question involving
Ibe happtness, perhaps the exists
ence, of millions of people, accord-
ing to the rules of such a science !
In bis opinion » it was the most
' niighly and momentous question
iieirer submitted to a Legiskture.
^Hi was one affecting the found at ion
^Mf tbeir constitution, disturbing the
^Homestic relations of almost every
^Ramily in the country, endangering
the tenure of their Colonies^ expos-
ing tbem to the mercy of foreign
itions ; and, as such^ they could
[>t treat it with too much caution.
? had voted for the relaxations
li^42, but he could not consent
i adopt a system which abolished
Election entirely.
The Marquis of Lansdowne
eated the argument of the dan-
er of dependence on foreign na-
^ous for food as entirely chimeri-
iL If there ever was a law con-
■ived to expose this country to the
Qger of foreign animosity^ it was
be filiding*scale. The effect of it
to expose to all the world our
l«onditton as to the supply of food ;
ad supposing that foreign nations
ever would be likely to enter into
a conspiracy, as had been
ated, to cut off our supplies,
liding-scale would announce
them the precise time most fa-
Durable for doing io^ Lord Laus-
owne treated with equal disregard

the assertion that, in consequence
of the introduction of this mea-
sure, the influence and import-
ance of landed property would be
diminished. In addressing him-
self to the commercial part of
the question he remarked, that
whatever Lord Ashhurton might
think of political economy, he ami
his noble friends who supported
the Bill relied on experience as
their guide ; and it was those
who supported a protective system
that, in truth, relied on theories.
The many experiments which had
been made for fostering trade by
protective means bad failed, and
been abandoned ; and with regard
to the Com Laws, which Imd been
described as ** the settled system
of our ancestors/* that system tiad
never had any fixed shape what-
ever ; it was always changing.
It had even been said to form part
of our constitution and religion^
and he knew not what ; but if it
had formed part of our religion, it
must surely have done so unknown
to the right reverend prelates, for
in that case our religion had cer-
tainly never been the same for
twenty years together. He agi ced
with Lord Ashburton in the high
etitinmte he had expressed of Mr.
llnskisson; but one of the first ef-
forts of Mr, Iluskisaon was exerted
in destroying the protection enjoyed
by the silk trade, and the experi-
ment proved perfectly successfuL
The same remark applied to wool,
to shipping, and to the introduction
of Irish manufactures into England.
When the proposal to introduce
these manufactures was made by
Mr, Pitt, it met with the most
decided opposition, the ruin of
the cotton manufacture in England
being freely and confidently held
up as a consequence. But what
has been the residt? Unfortu-

90]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. iBnglt^

nately for Ireland, she did not
produce cotton good* for her own
consumption ; and the cotton ma-
nufacture of England had not onlr
doubled, but tripleil, quadrupled,
and quintupldl. AWut the year
1 788, the commercial treatj with
France wa» debateil in their lord-
shipA* House; and on that occasion
Dr. Watson, Bi^^hop of LlandaC
took up those notions of protection
which Lord Stanley had now taken
up, and came down to the House
of Lords and told their lordships
that they were overturning all tho
oxperienco of their ancestors by
this commercial treaty. Follow-
ing, or rather preceding, the ex-
ample of Lonl Stanley, who ap-
Scaled to the time of Edward l\ .,
lishop Watson came down later,
and read the preamble of an
Act of Parliament of the time of
Charles IL And what did this
preamble, embodying tho wisdom
of our ancestors, state? It said:
•• Whereas it is universally known
that the wealth of this country is
disappearing, and ruin is advanc-
ing, from money being sent out
of the country to purchase French
wines.** (Lauphter.) This was a
sample of the experience of our an-
cestors, to which his noble friend
(Lord Stanley) had referred. Re-
vering, as Lord Lansdowne did,
the wisdom of our ancestors, in
founding the constitution under
which we lived — believing that
they had laid that constitution
on the surest and most certain
foundation, and had thereby con-
tributed to the happiness and
prosperity of this country — still
he must say that his respect for
our ancestors did not extend to
any one of the nostrums which
from time to time they had
thought fit to apply to our com-
ijstem. All the schemes

inrented bj them, and fimnded on
the proteetive BjBtem, had failed;
and the noble lord who presided
over the Board of Trade, if lie
were to look over all the papers and
memorials presented to that Board
from time to time, wonid find that
the commerce of this conntrj hid
encountered more imaginary dan-
gers than ever had been met with
by any adventurer in a ▼<^r*|^
not excepting Sinbad the SaUor
himself. If all those representa-
tions were to be beliered, the com-
merce of this conntrj had been al-
most ever at the brink of a proei-
pice ; but after a few years all ap-
prehension blew over, and the com-
merce of the eoimtiy was always
found to be upon a higher eminenca
than it had attained before. He
therefore again said, that they had
experience against, and not for, a
protective system.

The Earl of Essex, in a concise
but eifective speech, supported ihB
Bill. He admitted frankly that his
opinion had undergone a change-
that change had been wrought by
reflection and experience. Ho be-
lieved that it was a common fal-
lacy amonff the farmers that high
prices tended to their benefit. He
believed, on the contrary, that mo-
derate prices in conjunction with
abundant produce would best re-
munerate them. He believed this
measure must pass, and he looked
to its passing as the means of
putting an end to those bitter cti-
visions which were separating the
great interests in this countir, and
checking tho progress of agricultu-
ral improvement. His vote would
be given in entire confidence in
Her Majesty's Ministers. They
were charged with inconsistency,
but upon this question who had
been consistent ? He admired the
moral courage of Sir Robert Feel

HISTORY.

[91

urcigu

ill 8«tttiiffftsiid« personal considerii-
tioiiiy MM encountering the tonnt!^
of political opponents ;
, he predicted the arrival of the
when that Minister would be
Uj regarded as one of the
^Bko^ aagacious end successful of
otir BtatcsBien*

The Earl of Eglintoun strenu-
ouslj oppoaed the Bill. He ap-
pealed to their lordships, as the
hereditary guardians of the people
and the protectors of their rights,
not to euffcr that Houae to ishare
in that general degradation which
thtfl lU-t^raened measure had al-
^ugfat upon the character
t statesmen.
Lord Beaumont followed on the
side. He anticipated great
fM likely to arise from the
of gold necessary to pay for
cum, and ga?e it as his
dcnl opinion that the British
could not compete with the
_ tter.
The Earl of Palhoiisie defended
Bill* He maintained that pro-
ctivc duties were hurtful to the
timer, and that in the long
flthey were not beneficial even
ilic protlucer, Ue combated
Liord Stanley's stateraent3 with
[Vp»pcot to the falling off in ma-
(finfactureH on the reduction of du-
s, exemplifying his own position
■ a contrary result by the instance
wool, in reference to which he
loied returns of imports for seve-
[ral years, lie entered into similar
tdetails on the subjects of timber
nd shipping. Adverting to Lord
Stanley s assertion of the univer-
[•ality of the Com Laws in all the
fsntincntal states. Lord Dalbousie
proceeded to show by a detailed
enumeration of the different states
bat no real analogy existed be-
irecn the laws there existing and
' own. It wa9 folly to talk of

the sliding scale haying rendered
England independent of foreign
supply, when the fact was notori-
ous that year after year our foreign
importations had been increasing
under that system. The quantity
of foreign corn imported into this
country had been gradually, but
most sensibly and most percepti-
bly, increasing ever since the slid-
ing scale had been introduced. In
the five years, intervening between
1840 and 1845, no less a quantity
than 1,879,000 quarters had been
imported. Nor should this fact bo
lost sight of, that never had agri-
culture been in a more thriving
or more prosperous condition than
during that period- lie had been
called npou to state on the part
of the Government what would l>o
the price of com under the new
system, but he cpnsidorcd that
demand altogether unreasonable.
Was there a single noble lord
advocating the protective system,
who, under the sliding-scale, would
have been prepared to predicate
at any particular period the price
of corn next year Y Nothing had
been put forth to contradict the
official documents by which it
appeared that the importation of
corn would bo extremely limited.
It was stated by Lord Stanley
that 5,000,000 quarters additional
of corn could be imported from the
countries on the Danube within
a terra of three years, being pur-
chased abroad at 14^. a quarter,
and sold here at 36 j. to 4Ui?. lie
would not read letters to disprove
this, but he would lay before their
lords! lips documents infinitely more
authoritative, being the bills of
sale of several cargoes of wheat
imported from Galacz, These
were purchased in the year 1844,
and brought to this country ; they
were not delayed in the ware-

nt"

AXI .U r.EGKTEaL ISIfi. [EnfU»i.

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Il!*-j, .?iUl..l-J, V*j'. L I Llt- ■ei'. T£«i

i.'j tl.»- •j::tj:..m J. ;r7-i-. . ] Lhi^ iJ-
/ « ii.« j V fxu !r. «. "i r 0 V . ■ u tL e f iri- un.-
ctarii.f.-r. !j!j«Ji.'r wLi'.h 1 ln,-<:aii»e a

{/aiir to llji< iiii,-anu:»;. In yoTvin-
#«.'r 1 r"ori>ri'iirT«-«J it ujv bounden
•lutv to siiV .^'ovcrc-iK-ii not lo
writfilii|)fl my ti*ttiikiajn:ti from the
^iovcrfiiiji'rit ; anJ 1 rcAumed mj
ht:ni at lU:r MajfKty'H councils,
fiiid fjfuv*: my UHHitUmce to mj
ri;/li(L lioriouniMf- friund the First
Utivtl of tli« TrisAHiirv, because I
ktww At ilmt tinjc that ho could

no: an otiKsrvriM: iLaa pn^Kwe i

aifift&uTY of tiu^ dfsseriptkm — naj,

Uii- rer^ nmsinre-. li was tlui

yrr- mo^san ihax ht proposed to

un Taouf^ earh- in iLai montL

* Iiv.a7. ilea?: '*i It » not ne-

rt— ^i-^. n\v iard&. liiu I shonld

Ti "« m; ar^ more on iLai sulljeet;

juii. liiiuurL domt- of Tc»iir lordshipi

niii; pntcrtaiL a i«reiii£ce aguost

nt: MT ihf rnuKkf- 1 bare adflptod,

. PAS iustirv ii lief ore jour lord-

NJlnl^ in U'liinc rem tliat I vai

iMium. ti lake iu and thai if the

Kiunt riTt*unbaaDM» oeramd to-

nitiTTitw . i wouici take it again.

A.'yufi rh^rTi,. 1 was bound to

ip^ ^owToich. and lo mr country

i>' niiisiiii^nititiiif r«f gratitude, <^

vjii,-i. i; b- unnoM^MiaiT for me to

^■' nifin tJiAX: Tfi allode to them

lU iJih- iKTAstiiiD. Tour lordships

im -^ uuiiL ii jiriilialily tmc, and it

ir i-iif. :iuii with reference to this

>u}iiiv\ 1 HUfln X( fc-cl DO relations

II 1ur:^ HTiL vdc msy think that

lui-.'x MiipiiT iini ir reJy upon me.

S: i. s(.. if v(iL iliink proper.

. /» *.—> 1 Lftvc stated to Tou

■ ii: iiKiT. «'{^ fnan which I acted.

. I.J1 SHth«f)f<l wixh ihcm myself,

»iit. '. HJiriLifil \< cxeoodinglj con-

i^i'vin^i. i:' u.x di!«axis£sciion was

PLUS*: •4- it, \hi n-.iDd* of any of your

*i.i-4j>."i..T»> Vx Ti*y Oitsduct. I am

&v f.r^ ;>)i: I ipc-rf:: had any claims

uji.ii. ;}jf ^oT.^itoir^ which your

i.rk^sr.']* *.■ ior*^ rcpwsed in me,

a-'d «hir:h 1 hsve nv'W enjoyed for

a Ov-^nfiuoriSJe number of years.

Cirrun^.ft.anvH'^ contributed to give

!i i:> mo. In some oases I had

the ei'n£deui.v of the Crown, and

in other cases I obtained your con«

fidence in consequence of the zeal

with which I endeaToured to scrre

your lordships, to promote your

public views, and to facilitate the

transaction of the business of this

House. I shall crer lament any

^p^Nij.:

VreAktii^^-li|» «f ibe h/Mu of eoofi-
deuce in public life with which jour
lordships have honoured me ; but I
win not allow this occft&ion Co pass,
erea if this nighl should pos?tblv
he the last upon which I &hoi)1d
pre joo HIT adncc, withoat gmng
"■^^ DQDsels as to the vote which I
: j'our lordships ought to give
' casion. Mj noble fneod,
ence 1 regret to-night,
you a few nights ago,
Hid itr]ged JO a in the strongest
flDAimer to rote agninst this mea-
_l8fet and told voit, in laiignfige
rhich I could not imitate, that
four duty on this occosion wa^
step in and protect the public
L>m the rash and incoosiderate
rieasures which have parsed the
Other Hou5e of Parliament, and
irhieh were ineonsistenti in his
iew, with public opinion. My
onls, there is no doubt whatever
but Jt is your duty to consider all
the measurea which are hro tight
fore you with great deliberation
iforo you vole, and you have a
■fight then to vote as if you thought
^ibat Parliament would act on the
which each of you gave,
rs.) This is the course which
have always taken on former oe*
^CaAiOD*!, ami it is the course which
Inow^ my lorda» I beg of you to
rtake« My lords, I will request of
jou to look U* this measure — to the
manner in which it has come before
you, and to the consequencea likely
to follow from your rtycctio!i of it.
This measure, my lords, wat* an-
nounced to you in the Speech frotn
the Throne, and it has been psxHsed
by a majority of more than hulf of
the IIou*c of Commons. My noble
friend aays, and with trutlu that
this vote differs from the originnl
1Mb given by the same House
of Cotumons, and with the views
Of with the supposed views of

the constitoeDem. But I do not
think, oiy lords, that this is %
aahject which you can take tnto
your consideration, because roa
can hare no accurate knowledge
of the fact, and iKvause^ in the
next place, we know that it is the
Bill of the House of Common* that
has come up to- us, and we know
by the votes which have been passed
that it is the Bill which has been
recommended by the Crown. If
we reject this Bill, my lords, we
know that we reject the Bill which
has been passed and agi-eeil to by
the two other branches of the con-
stitution, and that the House of
Lords will stand alone In rejecting
it. This is the coitsideralion with
which I beg your lordships to look
at the question. This U a position,
my lords, in which you ought not,
in which you cannot stand ; it is a
position in which you are powerless,
and CQU do nothing. Voii have
vast influence on public opinion ;
hut separated from the thrown and
from the House of Conuuinis. you
can do nothing until thecotinectiou
with them is revivcil. I conclude
that a new tiovernuicut will be
fomied ; be it so or not— do you
colic hide, my lords* that there will
not be the same nieft?*urc brought
before you by the next Administra-
tion ? Do you mean, then, to re-
ject this Bill a second time f Do
you mean that the count ry shull
go on in the discussion of this
measure for many months longer?
But, my lords^ 1 am iM that thij
reply i.^, that the Pari in men t should
be dissolved^ /jOMt/ cftfern) — and
that the country sbouhl have an
opportunity, if they tiiink tit, of
returiiing other representativeSp
and of seeing whether or not
another House of Commoni* will
agree to tlii» measure. Now,
really, oiy lordsp if you havo so

I

J

.1,.

JM ] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [E^lmi.

1. .*-i«i».l.Mi,-. ••> y..u fcj.jK-AT to DukeofBDekingham. TheEuiof

'" "" f'"«»li «•: ilu-c fclec- RAdoor, Lord Lvtteltant and Lor^

' "'" " <>'• 'l<->-i-«i>iii of jiublic liovden opposed the ■mendment,

'■ ''"' «(>ii-^ii'iii. 1 think and an adjournment of the debiie

' ""■•■* • "^ "1. i1j« cWtiuDfe took place. The ncrt night the

*' ' • ' "■"' • '»■ "' I'mU- more dlMrOb^ion vas continued with mueh

"' • '•"■«'"»- «i, ihr cirfnmon vigour, the Bishops of St. BtM

""•• <^i*< yiiu mijrht and Oxford alreniKNulj Bopportiiig

•>- :•• imiiii III Hliiith shall the measnre of GoTemment, whidi

'' '" '^'^•'•' <• liiLi into con- was again assailed with able

' *"" ^^uliiMii inter- speeches from Loi^ Stanlev, Lord

•' '■ i» . .iviiiivr .if tlu- AshLurton, the Earl of Hardwiek,
■'■'.'"•■ '■ 1 1' iiiH<»iilvc' and other peers ; ultimatelj, how-
t iii'MiM' til' tlio ever, the motion for going into
^ fii hnvc Commit tee was agreed to without

>• « i.i-tU. thr a division.

.1.. .iii> iiii: : you On tlie first clause of the Bill,
II. ••; lti4Mnc the Duke uf Buckingham proposed
..1 h.'Kt.'i' you an amendment.

^ .>i. ri'^iTt According to the Bill as it stood,

I, MM ji< N the duties in the schedule were to

, .» .l..nk til; coAso on the 1st of February, 1849,

. I. • i.i.>MM.!V And then there was to be a duty of

. 1. , , ■ . . I iM 1 >. n quarter on wheat, barley, kc.

AN'ith the view of affording some

» 1 . ■ . • M.^'i d«xnH' of protection, he proposed

lo leave out the date of the 1st of

Vt^ruAn. K^40, so that the duties

,> .u ilusohi^lulo, according to which

iiieiv isn> to be a duty of 10*.

J, i.r.r.Tter. when wheat was 48«.,

!» .•..:.'. r%mtinue in force afterwards.

:.; ^.oihI those peers who had

\ 44.v.r. ".wi-:! ax pnUection meetings

^ >» *<...« > -.Import his amendment;

^. ,. ;.r »'A'.aioii the support also of

.;..-,•« V..* yrt :Vn\\l a fixed duty to

% V i s.'aIo. By acting in this

X. . , ...>.,... *^ .^:i_^ ^vv,;;,! : .1 l»e going in

1; . . . .•,.-...:.'• ii:eir vote on the

>.\ .. AJii/.-iT. but would bore-
al ■ . ^ .. . . >. ^ ^ >."-•..• >h;uW of protection

l»ii I '.. .X ..... ... ■» *.' i. . ..' "jiL-Lv. •.v.urvsi. Whatever

ti . . , . . I ... , . , . . V . ■ :. .' '. -■ :-. > ^1. v.: -^r.: Ih\ those who

i 1 1 11 I • . . I . . I : , ■ . ^ » . k ' .■ i*.- ■.-■.,' ^ vsl A . - .0 . •-• - .■> Aiiv :co could reflect
.1 III iiui u.Uiu -i kV.i. \.'i, V o-'i- i: A. .L«.-.* '::.\a *::h olc:Ui handsand
uiiiiiA- .lu'uUl I'. i».-»^v".u-.i I.' >.ti.n v'-Ai: vv:i>..-:oaiX5 dvHio what they
d.i.\ »\ iiu'UiU- llo \\a> iv'.U'ttvxl *v:'->:>.U'r\.\l jujt tv> the couutiT at

pli llir -..uiii- -ivU- l'\ Uu- Kuii^ Ol IjUilV.

N\ u-\lo\\ .\\k\\ v.'oU UvviU'i Auvl l>v ihc Ihc liarl of £ip^>a staiiid the

Bnf^fand.]

HISTORY.

[95

grounda of opposition to the anicnd-
ri^nt. Tho coDtinuonce of tlio
5ng scale for threo years waa
: .1*1 'I'ted by tlie Govei'Dmeut as
; jruraise; he would never

lit been a party to any com-
f Miiisf wj miiserable. The reason
t r ihe introduction of that clause
•\ t- this — as a very great change
wi\A about to be naade, it appeared
to the Govcrauient advisable that
there nhould he some gradation
in the process of effecting it.
He would not allude to any cir-
cumstances which might hereafter
mae if tliia amendment shotdd he
carried ; but he begged to say,
that the o^mcndmcnt did, in point of
fact, involve an entire alteration of
the prineiple of the bill, for it pro-
fbaaed to give permanency to that
protection which it was the object

|j|be biM after a limited titui^ to
Bfo, But the amendment was
i)#ciionahlc even as regarded tbo
liect of his noble friend ; and the
Mi himdcLf did not appear to
peh Any great importance to it*
ue spoke of it aij merely preserving
nminiuit of protection : but Lord
pan cotdd not think that it was
lirahle to preserve a remnant of
iectioUf for it had been contended
that remnant was not worth
iring.

The amendment wa* supported

by the Esrla of ClancartVt Stan-

and Hard wick, and opposed

the Mar qui ij of Bute and J^ord

tinnaird.

^ Upon a division the amendment

waa loaty there being

ror tlio Duke of r«ucking-
hani'^ amendment . . . 103
Againj&t it ..... KtG

Majority . . 1*3

Hm Sari of Wicklgw mgved as

another amendment to the firet
clause, that after the Ist February,
1849, the duty on wheat, nut the
produce of our own Colonies, ho
5s. instead of Ijf.

If his amendment were &ane-
tioned, lie should pr*>p*>i>e a pro-
portionate duty on the otber kinds
of grain. Stoadinesb of price was
one of the great objects contem-
plated by the Bill ; and he d'Ml not
think that a fixed duty of 5s\ would
have any effect tn causing fluctua*
tion. The protection of Bn. would
he advautageouft to the farmers,
and it wodd also benefit the
revenue. If the alterations iii the
Sugar Duties, advocated by Lord
Monteagle, were adopted, there
would then be such a revenue from
sugar, and from corn, as would
render it possible to reduce one half
of the Income Tax. lie knew that
the proposition, if carried, must
defeat the Bill ; hut he was most
anxious to do so, because he was
desirous of getting a better and
more serviceable BID,

A debate of some length en-
sued, in which the Earls of Car-
narvon, Winchilsea, and Fitzwil-
llani, the Marquis of Lansdowne,
Lord Stanley, Lord Brougham,
and Lord Chmcurry took part.
On a division, Lord Wicklow^s
amendment was supported by 107,
the number on tho other side
being 140,

On a subsequent ovening, the
committee being resumed.

The Duke of Richmond moved
the insertiou of certain provisions,
to allow tenants to vacate their
leases, and receive compensation
for unproductive outlay. His ob-
ject was to prevent the respect-
able body of tenant-farmers of
England from being consigned to
ruin.

The £firl of Eipou opposed tho

J

M'\

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. I

Pitli. Ill liiflitiMiiMlV prnpAfia]. at
ii«ii.>i(tii iiic I tic iiimriM fMt^iiblc

iiMifn- mill i*iiilli*»s«> litifration.

'I'll. I hi-l- ft \tHliiirs)iiirv. Abing-
ilxii *«(ii| N(miiIiii|m>, H|Mikc in favour,
til. )• •«! I .•! Mtirtiiiicinn Ac^ainst iho

|MM}>,t..,i I ..nl Aslilnirlnn thollfrht

«».. . I.,'.n. %* Mv Mir round 0(1 m-iih
.1 ft. i.!« ,1 Mtifl 111 iii«l not H(*o how

« N ...^<-h il,. hnkr iif Uioh-
1 . ; ..■iit..-if,»il ihut )u- xtiniild nut
\» •' < ^" In 'iiitfiiiltiiiMit. J»iil lie
.. M ..I ,|.«i,|, i)if. «*omniittoo-.
^ • ^ '" «•»«« V «!•. Oion nrjpn-

• ' '' . .i-m «ii ii)«> i^ni

^ ■ ' 1 ■ 1 *i .». )» Miji.-ljj lip on

' ■ ' • «» 'ii'ti 1 iiv<l A vli-

' • ■ ' «'■. f..ll.v ini. Hin4*n<l-

■• • ^' .1 ii>ti\ l»r iv
■.^ ' »V. Hi the

• ■' '1 S'.?.!.-I!.lll I*!

• * • •»• .»n oj

1 ■• ■ ■ ! \\ i»;

. I,

.1..-

^ ■ . ^

\i ,.i

'*•" '»•■ .; ..;

III, n I,.. . * ' , '**•' ^

'" »'...Ui. *

of this foreign com innOd be fomA
into the nuu-ket. To dkov bor
mncfa this ^uanntj ezeeeded fbe
import of otlier jean, lie mentiaMd
lome pardculwE. In 1845, the
amount exdunve of the ardinur
import from Canada did xkk ex-
ceed 80,000 qnarten; in 1S44,
there were 7w,000 qnarten ; in
1843, 844,000 quarters; showiDg
an arerage for these three jean
of 550,000 quarters. What pro-
npoct, then, was there that we coold
safely receive five times tbtt
amount, with a moderate market-
price, and the probabilitr, sofarti
wo were able to judtre, of a cood
lian-ost? In 1838, 1839, lS40.
1841, and 1842, we received luge
supplies, averaging 2,400,000
miartors ; but from 1832 to 1837
tiio average was only 100,000
quart or^, and during four of these
^•oars wo received no com at all
11 o ^howcii how cautious former
iiovomnients had been in guarding
ncrtinst large influxes of com at
«liiniiiisboil duties. The resolution
iiov Mihmitted did not intimate an j
]iHrtKiilnr plan, but was simply a
ilivlrtrrttii^n of the facts of the case.
n.» nii\a«t not to call on their lord-
^Ih|iv ion*traco their steps — wocdd
I.' i;.»«l ho oould induce them to do
■ i ' hiu, siving the hopelessness of
i )).' WAS not inclined to press the

'■•si \i'\

'V)u' Vftrl of l>alhousio on behalf
i*N' i^oionimont opposed the
* - ^u;nirnt.

Vix A»ldiv*s more at variance
^» . * . ^- , t N A :i il nn ?« pported by argu-
' ' ^-i i hsil not lHH?n his fortune
•• - .^<' :v. tliAt House. From want
.': >..A^*:.'v.i mfomi.ition. Lord Ash-
V » - ' i . ^ s » I- A , J j:T\\'it ly exaggerated
w^.u >:i' >t.5:ixltlio amount of com
1.1 t».'ij»l :i\ -..Vh«.(Xk> quarters. By
OiN- \»u*>i ivj'.xrr.s. the quantity did
ux't ixMch. iu wheat and wheat-flour

England.]

HISTORY.

[97

together, 1,900,000 quarters ; and
there wm no likelihcM>d of its being
incrcaaed. The prospects of the
harvest in foreign parts were as
g:loomj this year as thev were last
rear. Both this and last year,
natnre seemed to be setting her
rarious elements in conspinniy
against this country as regards the
obtaining of supplies from abroail.
In the North of Europe there was
an alanning defieiency of corn,
from the Buperabuivdance of wet :
in the South there was an equal or
greater deficiency ♦ from the ravages
of the grub, lu Poland and the
con^-producing countrfes of the
North of Europe the people were
in a state of actual starvation ; and
in the South of Europe and in
Atifttolift the population were *hmg
on the road-sides. Lord Ashhur-
on wii^hed it to appear that the
luantity now in bond was un-
npled in extent ; and in eon*
'f had mentioned the quantities
iucL'd in 1843, 1844, and
Lord Dalhoiisie, however,
quote the importations fur
and 1841^ the two previous
In four weeks of 1842,
quantity introduced was
1,180,000 quarters ; in 1841, the

r^ ntity was 2,017,000 quarters.
vaa not the fault of Sir Robert
Feel, that the present accumulation
had taken place ; for he had oifered
to place corn in the same position
as the other articles upon which a
tion in duty was proposed ;
J A bond for the repayment of
Be tlifference of duty, if the men-
did not pass. To this pro-
Ofiition great exception was taken
ppunents of the measure,
obert withdrew the olfer,
Dlution now under consr-
darftfion contnined no specific pro-
P06«l. Upon what leruis was the
Dm now in bond to be admitted ?
Vol. LXXXVUI,

the '

If the resolution was affirmed as jt
stood, a glaiing act of injustice
would be cloriiO towards the owners
of the corn in bond. By adopting
it, the corn now in bond would he
dealt with in one way, while the
corn which arrived the next week
would escape the resohition and be
admitted us provided by the new
Bill. His noole friend had altered
the resolution, which, as it at first
stood, was a mercantile monster in
phraseology, for it talked of the
'" importation'' of coi'n in bond.
As to prices, it was notorious to
every one engaged in the corn
trade, that the whole of the trans*
actions, external and internal, had
been carried on with reference to
the stock in bond. Its effect on
prices^ therefore, bad been pro-
duced long ago. He much doubted
whether the better course would
not have been to make the change
in the duties immediate. Under
existing circumstances nothing
could be worne than suspense.

After a short debate, the amend-
ment was lost by 70 to 47. Lord
Stanley shortly afterwards stated
that, after the divisions which hud
taken place, those who acted with
him did not intend to divide the
House on the third rending ; hut
ehould enter a protest against the
Bill on the journals. The elauses
having been gone through, several
noble lords, who were most warndy
opposed to the measure, availed
themselves of the final opportunity
to declare their deep distrust and
disapprobation of the measure, and
of the mode in which it had been
carried. The Duke of Richmond
particularly maintained his opposi-
tion to the last. He said he was
sorry to see such a measure fjoconie
law without an amendment appear*
ing on the journals of the House,
He would therefor© move that the

98]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Eflma.

Bill be read that day ux moBths.
He renewed the inquiry about the
*' eompensatorj*' measures ; re-
marking that Uieir lordships would
hare giren a third reading to the
Com Bill without seeing them.
This measure could not be a final
one. He would adfise the hrm&m
to agitate against it, not for the
mismbie sliding scale of the pre-
sent measure, or for anj nonsensi-
cal fbur-shilting duty, but for an
adequate degree of protection, not

only to agrieuHure, but to erery
meies of natioiial industry. The
Ooremment would carry their Bill,
and would hare the aatislaetion of
thinking that they bad broken up
a powerful party, and that for some
time the goTemment of the country
must be carried on by a weak sd-
ministratiim.

The amendment was then put
and negatired without a ^Tisioe,
and the Bill waa read a third time
and passed.

Sngland.]

CHAPTER IV.

Cmiomi BiU — Diictmiom in the House of Commons upon rariom
Aftielu in th* Nme Tariff — Mr. Plumptre opposes ths Reduction of
Ih^ on Hopi — After Bome Delate, ki^ Motion is negaiivid by a
Majority of 47 — Mr, George Bmikesf moves the omimon of articles of
Silk Manufacture^Eemnrks of Mr\ W. Ellis, Mr, Brocklehurst, Mr,
Hawe$t Lord George Bentlnch, Sir Robert Peel, and Mr, DisraeU —
Mr. Bankess Motion is rejected by 2*20 to 114 — Mr. W. 2%&mpmm \
cppases the Reduction on Foreign Spirits — After a short Diieumont
fS^ Amendment is negatived— Mr. W, Miles moves an Amendment for
exempting Live Animals from Reduction of Duttf — A desultory Debate
takes place, which ends in a Division in favour of the Government btf
a Majority of S9 — Timber Duties — The Marquis of Worcester leadi

Iihe 4>ppontion against the proposed Scale — Uemarh of Mr, H. Hinde,
Mr, Cardieell, Mr, A. Chapman, Mr, G. Palmer, Mr. Warburton^
Mr. Hume, Lord George Bentinck, 8ir George Clerk, and Mr,
C, Buller — Tlte Resolution is afjirmed on a Division, by a Majority
of l!i3 — Chi the Third Reading of the Customs Bill being movedt
Lord Qeorge Bentinck moves that it be read a third time on that day
sir motUhs — He is answered by the Chancellor of the Exchetpier —
I speeches of Mr, G, Bankes, Mr, Hanes, Mr, Plumptre, Mr.
Hudam, and other members — Lord George Bentinck uithdrnws hie
Amendment, and the Bill is passed — Debdte on the Second Rt*ading
in the House of Lords on the 4th of Jufie — Lord Dalhotme intro-
K dueea the measure — The Duke of Richmond moves that it be nod a
B eeetmd time on that day six months — Speeches of the Earl of WieMoiw,
Lord Ashhurton^ and Lord Monteagle, after which the Bill is read a
second lime without a LHvision- — The Duke of Richmond, on going

I into Committee, mores (hat Counsel Ite heard agnintit the Redtiction of
the Silk Duties^The Earl of Dalhousie ojjj)ose$ the motion, seconded
ly Lord Ellenborough ami the Duke of Wellington — Lord Brougham
tfi^pfOfU it— It is n^'gatived by 78 to "li—Lord Stanley opposes the
Reductiofi of the Timber Duties, but uithout success — OtJicr Amend-
ments are jn^oposed and negatived — The Bill is read a third time,
after an ineffectual oj^nmtion by the Duke of Rirhmofid — The
Budget — 17*^ Chancellor of the Exchequer makes his Financial State-
mettt on the'29th of May — Vnrions Comments upon it b\j Lord George
Bmtieuk^ Mr, Charles Wood^ Mr, Hume, Mr. Hudson, and other

[H 2]

SNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [England.

in \\ii' IIouf« of
'.i»ii!i the Bill for
isiui> I*utii'>.«LicL
ii-r. iit" Sir KoWrt
>Xiit ••: I'dTnxDcrcial
1 vt-n jirotrncK^d,
"^riiTt^tiiiiiist jmrtv

iNli'il ll- ihv »•}!]<♦-

v'un. Law. viiicli
uliioj-i of ilie j»n»-
". ]».ii. & ifw (iXily
in.lijiicd in ibe
l^^o'r(• nT \c>> vi-
ii . Inr. uonc (if

■ Mil i-flrViUU*. rt*-

Ti-in»'niu »•! tIjc

I I. In l:>l■il^^.

^.•*i\"nni'i M? M»Tiir

^ « l.i.l. ittiik iiinct'

MT\.ii 7u*r:K"tAr

..»; II Inil«*» V'

^''».. iltii: I hi ln'"""'-

^i^ir.j.rM'i !>•" )»''>•■

:i'i^ ihi:_\ "■ ■*"''■"

.•VI, .1,11- Hi'V li"^'-

-n.. Mill].*' iM-rsniJr

.^ ^- «•••. -*'iii!rr''«».

.. -. .■.. V--

1 !... I V ;•.-

. . ^ ... •i'M»» •^■"«

; . ..... ••*. «!

\ .1. ..» X ...» ■•»

*1 .V

the English hops were so Bupo-
nor.

Mr. riumptre's views were sup-
poncd bv Colonel Austen, Mr.
Knight, Mr. A. J. B. Hope, Mr.
Frewen, and Lord George Ben-
tinck ; and exposed bv the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer.

On A division. 91 voted for the
resolution, and 44 against it ; Mi-
nlstenal majoritv, 47.

The reduction being proposed on
articles of silk manufacture, Mr.
Gc*orge Bonkes moved their omis-
sion from the list. He was pre-
]iared to meet Sir Robert Peel's
challenge to show that auv nia-
tiTiki interests had lieen injured
fur iiiiv length of time by reduc-
tioii> of duty. In 1SS2. six years
bfxvr the reductions made by Mr.
Yi ii>kis>i>n, the silk trade urged such
rr«>i:nds for inquiry, that the House,
tiu'L under the control of a ^^^lig
tfi-vi-rnmeut. could liot refuse tlic
ftiiiuiiiitraoni (if a Committee. The

V on 111 lit tee sut for five mouths, but
lin inquiry wa> }»rought i)rema-
tiiri'iy T« fa ciiifcl-y a new election,
fiiu. m rrimri wn^ j»resented to the
linUM . The i iimmittee, indeed,
<l:viik'u uiHir. fa rcpiiM submitted to
i; ; bii! Si: lii-nn- ramell gave a
(■n>:njp vorr ngfa-.ust it. The facts,
i,..w.'vo:. iirfVi'd tliiit Mr. Huskis-
>.•].'> t xpi^yiim-i.: had l»et»n produc-
;:.i ll! nuK'li iiijiirv to the opi-ra-
tvf>. Tiic uiuiJufaciuriT.*' might
1 11 s<i : i sTi p f ; ^^ i i li th c- cL a nge ; but

V ftir^- h«i"; i«t»eii rciluced one half.
,. inorr. J»n«i il«'' l»f»oi;-r.ites had
^.-..M. iiirp'lv incn'ased. in Coven-
, -X KinA'li^^tieni. and other seati^ of
,!„ ^ilk iiuiiiufni'ture. The means
,.: .vi»,i»icvnieiii. tiio.lintlK'en largely
.i.n.iM-li*^.. ^i:- T>rorkieLursl, of
M-i.i.'J.wfi.Mu. ^f»iieii. thai in IS- 4
.1..X'. v,»"« : ;.'h..»i'- s]iindioii in that
*.., „ Mr.. M»ui iU niiii-peo]ile en-
,.^,^.^.. ;.. ih4- trade v-ore lK},iKKK In

tn^l^nd,]

HISTORY.

[101

828, two jctLTB alter the completion
" the ftlteratiou of the duty, there
re 159,000 spimlles* and the
ill-pecjple had been retiucod to
254. In 1831, the spindles were
dnc«?d to 122,0W, and the inill-
ople to 3,000. In 1824, the
ages of able-bmlied men in Mac-
iCdfield were 18^. per week ; in
J828. 89. 6d,; in 1831, 4^. 7cl; and
the wages of the women and chil-
dren exhibited a similar reduction.
Those results ought to he a warn-
" g to the Ilouse not to Interfere
" er in the waj of reducing
uties* lie denied that the work-
classes were in favour of the
change, and ijuotcd from several
eports to ahow that tlie number of
ilk-uiills had fallen otF of late
lYeare> while other kinds of factories
l0ad multiplied in number. Fie re-
ferred, also, to the fact that many
^the SpitalBelds weavers had been
bilged to betake themselves to
]icr employments In Dorset,
llbero used to be two very large
efetablishments for the manufacture
af throwing silk, but now there
was only one. The Vice-Prcbidont
of the Board of Trade jiii|Tht say
that the silk trade was now in a
flourish tog condition ; but Mr.
Baiikes*s reply would be. if that
be the cage, do not interfere with

^H^Mr. W. EUiS) from an experience

^BBfttrty-fivo years, undertook to

^^^^ that it would be ver^' much

to the interest of the Spitalielda

weavers that all protection were

abolished : thus would persons of

large capital, with skill and enter-

^rii^t be induced to enter into the

and the Spitalfielda manu-

lacturera would then be found not

, only the rivals, but the superiora

[ D(f the French manufacturers.

Broeklehurst was not at all
ised at the observations of the

last speaker, inasmuch as it was
the interest of the wholesale dealers
in silk to repeal all the duties which
now prevented the free importation
of foreign silk manufactures. He
entered into details.

Sir George Ck^rk met these and
Mr. Bankes's figures by a counter
array. Reference should have been
made to the state of the silk trade
during the time that it enjoyed the
highest state of protection, as iu
1812 and 1816. In those years
the utmost distress and misery
prevailed at Spitalfields and other
districts. The manufacture had
not prospered under prohibitory
duties. From the year 1705 down
to 1817, including the first triennial
period referred to, tlie silk trade
had only doubled the amount of the
raw material worked up in it in a
period extending over more than
tifty years; but since 1817 the
amount of raw material had been
trebled, leaving out of considera-
tion the waste silk, and the ** knubs
and husks/* In 1824, an impulbc
was given to the silk trade by
taking off restrictions. In 1825,
the number of mills and spindles
were more than doubled ; and since
that time the quantity of work
which the spindles were enabled to
accomphsh was greatly increased.

Something Imd been said about
wages : but upon no subject was it
more difficult to obtain accurate
information. Ho believed that Bilk-
weavers were paid for their work
by the piece. The improvement in
looms during the last twenty yearsi
liad made a great ditference. The
invention of the jaequard loom itself
enabled the workman to dispenao
altogether with the assistance of a
boy, which was formerly irewssaary.
In 1844, Mr. Saunders, one of the
inspectors of factories, stated in
his report, that the mill-owners

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Et*9tand.}

TORY.

[103

I

W

m

witseued an extremity of sufiering
of whleK ihose who are not tbem-
Mires accustomed to explore the
abcnles of poverty can form but on
inadequate idea. They find niim-
liers who had hecn accustomed to
aupport their families respectably^
reduced, from long waat of em-
ployment» to sell or pawn their
furniture, which had been pur-
chased with the savings of former
years, to obtain food/' Sir Fowell
Buxton, who bore an active part in
relieving this distress, spoke of the
great anxiety displayed by the suf-
ISerera to get into a workhouse ;
and in one of his speeebes he made
an appeal to the ladies of England
against giving an undue preference
to the French silks, to the great
discouragement of the home mauu-
fiieictre. This showed that at tliiit
period of perfect protection French
Ktlks were largely imported, in
spite of the strict revenue laws
which existed. Let the House
oompara the state of matters in
I8I0 with what they were in 1845.
Mr. Howell aays, ** Throughout
the entire district a general scarcity
if hands is noticed, and a conse-
|ucmt rise of wages. In the silk
iricts particularly hands are very
and I have been informed
thai instances are not wanting
where children morking half time
hare got as much wages— and in
some cases it is said that they get
more— than they did when they
worked ten hours. 1 am told that
a rise haa also taken place in thi>
wages of those who work ten and
twelve hours respectively.'*

The test of the prosperity of
the trade was the importation of
le raw material* From 1814 ta
182.3. the importation of raw silk
areraged annually 1,521,000 lbs. ;
but under the moderate duty sub-
iUtnted by Mr. Euskisson, the

I the en
Df hai
qucmt
^tric
scarce

average consumption between the
years 1834 and 1843 had risen to
3,742,000 lbs,

** We see that the import of
raw material has in creased, * Yes, '
you say, * but we include waste
silks, knubsj and husks. ^ If you
want a conclusive proof of the
beauty of your machinery, you will
find it in the fabrics wrought from
these very articles. The terms
may he vulgar — they may not suit
the refinetl lips of some honourable
gentlemen — ^but, with your skill and
capital^ you have converted them
into beautiful fabrics^ and added
greatly increased value to the raw
luaterial.''

If the feeling of the trade was
taken as a test, Sir Robert claimed
it as favourable to hi» scheme* lie
litul received no hostile representa-
tions ; and ho ventured to say,
that had Coventry itself felt any
alarm at the lowering of the pro-
tection from 30 to 15 per cent.,
silence would not have been main-
tained. Frym ypitolfields the Go-
vernment had not received many
representations ; and, altogether,
Ministers had a right to believe
that the trade in general was satis-
fied with the measure.

The test adopted by some of
the Protectionists — the declared
value of the exports during the
last five years — was altogether fal-
laeious.

** The cost of production has been
diminished — during the last five
years, greatly diminished ; the im-
provements in machinery, and the
greater skill of our workmen, have
caused a diminished cost of produc-
tion: during the last five years, also,
the duty on the raw material has
been much diminished : it would be
strange indeed if the declared value
of our exports had not diminisheil.
During tiie last five years, there-

4

104]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EngUmi.

fore, my noblo friend will find,
that though the declared value of
our exports may have decreased,
that circumstance affords no proof
of the trade being injured. Now,
I can readily account for the in-
creased quantity of the raw mate-
rial consumed. There is a grow-
ing taste for silk manufactures ; it
is a taste which we cannot do
better than encourage. Cotton and
wool have been heretofore formida-
ble rivals with silk ; and cotton and
woollen goods have entered into
great competition with silk goods.
But there is a growing desire in
this country for silk ; and will it
not be better, by the low price of
the article, to enable the people to
consume it more largely ? and
shall we not be thereby affording
the greatest possible advantage to
the trade V*

Twenty-five years ago, the silk
trade attracted the attention of
the House of Lords. That very
tribunal referred to by Lord George
Bentinck as being the body to do
justice to those parties whoso dis-
tresses he detailed — that very tri-
bunal which he hoped would reject
this measure, if it should pass this
House— that very House of Lords
came to a resolution, in 1821, that
if a small duty only were levied on
organzine silk, our manufactures
would have nothing to dread from
the competition of French silk, and
that if even the duty were reduced
to 12 or 15 per cent., a consider-
able augmentation of exports might
be reasonably expected. The pre-
sent Government had taken the
largest of these two sums : so that,
** after an interval of twenty-five
years, having reduced the duty on
organzine silk, and upon all the
raw material, and having given
every advantage for the introduc-
tion of the raw material as far as

we can — we propose, not their
fullest reduction of the dntj on the
article for the benefit of we con-
sumer, not their lowest amount of
12 per cent., but their highest
amount of 15 per cent. ; and when
the House of Lords shall refer to
the report of their own Committee,
I shall be surprised indeed if ihey
do reject the present measnre of
Her Majesty's Government."

The sympathies of the House
had been excited in behalf of mil*
liners and dressmakers ; but Sir
Robert thought that if one dast
more than another had injuries in-
flicted upon them by the illicit' in-
troduction of goods which ought to
pay the duty, it was that very
class. He believed that at any
time, upon the payment of an in-
surance, silk goods and dresses to
any amount might be delivered in a
contraband way, at a sum not ex-
ceeding the duty now proposed.
One great object of the proposed
measure was to do away with this
illicit traffic, by the substitution
of moderate duties. From these
changes the revenue would be im-
proved, and the interests of all
classes consulted and promoted.

Mr. Disraeli was anxious to say
a few words on the reply of Sir
Robert Peel to Lord George Ben-
tinck, in which he had made one
more effort to induce honourable
gentlemen to vote with him. Great
stress had been laid upon the
temptations which the present du-
ties supplied to smugglers, and the
difficulty of resisting their opera-
tions when the duties were 30 per
cent. ; but what he was curious to
learn from Sir Robert Peel was,
how Her Majesty's Government
managed to battle with the smug-
gler who, in the case of tobacoo,
had the inducement held out bj a
protection duty of 1,200 pw cent..

England.]

HISTORY.

[105

and in the cose of tea b j a duty of
250 per cent. Mr. Dbraeli thonglit
that the sufferings of the silk-
wearers in 1812 were owing to
other canses than protection. It
was a disastrous period of terrihle
war — a period when, he heliered,
wheat was at 120m. per quarter ;
it was a period almost as unfor-
tunate for trade as the one to
' which Sir Robert Peel had re-
ferred— the period of 1816, which
remained almost unprecedented for
the general commercial depression
of the country. Sir Robert Peel
liad asked why the manufacturers
liad not complained, if the pro-
posed reduction was likely to tell
igainst their interests? To this
question he had himself supplied
the answer. The manufacturers
had not complained, just for the
aame reason that gentlemen op-
posite were equally indulgent —
they wished the Com Bill to pass.
But the manufacturers of England,
as well as honourable gentlemen
opposite, would show to the right
honourable Baronet that there was
ret some sympathy with the work-
ing classes in this country, and
that economical blunders would not
pass without criticism where there
was not a great object to prerent
persons from being critical.
On a dirision, the numbers

were —

For Ministers
Against . .

Majority

220
114

106

Upon the article of foreign spi-
rits, the duty on which was pro-
posed to be reduced from 22f . Qd.
to 15f. per gallon, a stand was
iDsde by the Opposition.

Mr. W. Thompson opposed the
reduction, on the gnrand of re-

renue : he^ not tliiak tlw Fieth
GoTemment woold lover their
duties in retoni; he thooght it
wonld be belter to retain dbe ex-
isting duty, and to abolish ike duty
on soap. Mr. Ewart lhoi|^t the
redaction wonld lead to an exten-
sion of our trade in Fiaace. The
Marquis of Granby spoke of ike de-
moralixing eiiieets of dwap ipiriii.
Mr. Cardwdl meslioiied, Aol ike
ordinary coBsanptaon of hraady in
thiscoontry at the doae of tbe last
century was greater ^kaa at titt
present day; a < ~
probably to the doty _

increased from 6«. to 22f. l«>dL
In the ease of Irekod aad Scos-
hind, it had been food that a jv£-
cioos rednctiOB of
prored the rere
illicit distiDataoii. Omr trade whh
France was not what it oogkt to he ;
but the rednedoii of daliea had led
to a krge hieiease, inm WOfifjOi.
in 1831 to 2,600,0001. ktt year.
A diwinon took plaee, aad ike re-
solution was earned by 64 to 3o.

Upon the resoloiaoB beiaig pro-
posed for aboBshiBg the daiy oo
lire animals, Tiz. 1
sheep, lambs, 4e.,

Mr. Mike oppoaed the
He regretted that M
determined to remit the aaoll daiy
which had been retained in the
tariff of 1842, CB the iiipertatioBsf
foreign cattle. He showed that
that doty had neither been pro-
hibitory nor onpiodoeliTe; and, if
the sopply of fore%B heaala isr the
market at Smitfafidd had hcea re-
cendy slopped, it was ovia^ to the
relnriefe of the impoiieis to is-
trodoce any IbreigB castle oatB die
present doty was repealed. When
that dolT waa takca eC Ao BMrkec
would h^ qnte ** ia—datrd^^ with
IbreigB cattle. He dwo^^ dM
the duty o«^ to he rctaaed VKta

106] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EngUmd,

the expiration of tbe Corn Laws;
and sucli being his opinion, he
moved, as an amendment, to strike
out of the resolution the vords,
"oxen and bulls, cows, lambs, swine
and hogs, bacon, beef salted, pork
fresh, pork salted,'' inc.

Colonel Sibthorp seconded the
amendment, and in the course of '
his observations remarked, that his
constituents had expressed their
deep regret that he had not ac«
cepted the challenge of Sir R. Peel,
and applied for the Chiltem Hun-
dreds; for they assured him that
they would in that case have re-
turned him without expense or
trouble to himself, for the sake of
showing how deeply they detested
the principles and measures of the
present Goveniment.

Mr. P. Howard suggested the
imposition of a small legislative
duty on the importation of foreign
cattle, for the sake of ascertaining
the number of cattle imported.

SirR. Peel justified the reduction
of duty now proposed, and showed
that it could not be productive of any
injury to the agricultural interest.
Competition with Irish cattle was
quite as formidable to the English
grazier as competition with Dutch
and Danish cattle. And yet the
English grazier competed success-
fully with the Irish grazier ; why,
then, should he be afraid of com-
peting with the foreigner ? It was
said that the price of cattle had re-
cently increased. Now, did it
never occur to the Protectionists
that the increased price might be
occasioned by increased consump-
tion, and that increased consump-
tion might be the result of the
labouring classes having enjoyed,
during the last year, better wages
and more constant employment?
At any rate you put a check upon
extravagant prices, by increasing

the import. Now, if thia redoeticm
did no more than put a check opoi
extravagant prices, it did no injniy
to agriculture, and was a benefit to
the rest of the community. In
conclusion he observed, that Mr.
Howard's suggestion was unnecei-
sary,as the number of foreign cattib
imported into this country could be
ascertained by other means.

An agricultural discussion thai
took place, in which Mr. Findi,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Sir J. Tyrrell, Mr. Villiers. Sir J.
TroUope, Mr. P. Borthwick, Sir
J. Walsh, Mr. E. Yorke, Sir C.
Knightly, Mr. C. Bruce, and Lord
G. Bcntinck joined, and in which
the speakers digressed into the most
multifarious and discordant topics.
The Excise duties were discussed,
so too was the malt tax, and the
comparative merit of malt and oil-
cake in fattening cattle. The in-
fluence of railroads was taken into
consideration, as was also the state
of Ireland, the predial outrages of
its peasantry, and the want of em-
ployment among its population
generally. The disinterestedness
of the landowners and the selfish
objects of the manufacturers in
propagating free-trade principleSi
and in seeking the repeal of the
Corn Laws, were dwelt upon ; — ^the
impossibility of relying on the pro*
fessions of Government, on the pro-
bability of Sir R. Peel's scheme
being rejected by the House of
Lords, and the certainty of the
Protectionists obtaining a majority
in the next Parliament, if an ap-
peal were now made to the countiy .

The House then divided, when
there appeared —

For the amendment • 72
Against it .... Ill

Majority agamst it • 39

*d.]

HISTORY.

iwr

next discvsaon wkich look
f anj importance aroie upon
^posed reduction of the dotj
ber.

Marqnis of Worcester moTed
be erased from the retoln-
on the ground that the
' trade and the shipping in-
had been materiallj injured
past relaxation of protection,
at thej would be still more
irelr injured bj the rednc-
ow proposed. The Canada
■ trade was carried on bj
L ships alone; the Baltic
* trade was carried on bj
>f which five-sixths belonged
nations on the shores of the
Ought the Jlon^e to legis-
r the benefit of the nati<*ns
se shores, or for the benefit
eat Britain and her colo-

H. Hinde expressed his
ihment that no Member on
•easury beocbes had risen to
a the reasons which had in-
them to propose this groat
artling change in the timber
Those who had petition^
At change were but a small
1 of the ship-owner* of this
T. The sbip-owners ge-
f were not the disciple* of
ade; the j had been injured
uch by free- trade measures
h to have them extended to
classes. He then entered

history of the timber trade.
r statistics, for the purjiose
»wing that it had been much
d by the past relaxations of
tion ; and wound it up by a
ation that the landed interest
)t seek the maintenance of
mbcr duties for any selfish
s. The proposed reduction

be productive of the most
rus effects upon the relations
en this eoimtrj and her coto*

tfidbr]

h wsAi at 'v^ :

liie fmaeil Soobk. sib m^ n? -au

Otwhl Imi t£ OBuaoa ami ^fv

BrmKwitck «iil Re •ftanaknaac iv

|miljtf Vmot -pnensuiL n •

t^^raal Smwi^ "- 25 WTC 1

4f whm Tot wiL '^ xr'na-
nies \ft If* 1^ Tna^tee pmrnvw^*

Mr. C«4^nnl! ndraiosit-tts nnn«
ft&tfted ^ titt 'G'PvsimiBDL. Bit
T9s6£tfk iSbi T^mihiEifn. iiim. ^ofo^
the Hg«»». S*^ ^tMndttf n maw
that -— flfr jmx rcuksiBiin. 'Sut um^
ber iia4t wii^ <I«BnaQa. mflKnf if
bebag arjwL lia£ upsaify umnmi
in rafaK*. asiC ii' JirffX' 'AttriSrmt
that ikmvf wnM Ih m mximnn
Uf wujemfar ^ aomAa v -an Tnnet
Sias^f. as Itr. Sn&- iac im<-
Sm«iL %qs libKi 'A» ffnmriiniuL wi&
this tus/Bssarr 'vrmQ^ ^3; Ik oF -jab-
tsal admiCJkre. H^ nor ememt
z:ir> a foaumiBc: •%% im^^ -uar ni
cijrTx eniiflT ixut Iwhs. duk ir
w/^cjj 1* ^mrt: "17- "Liifr rea^aniiH
of dmj V tii»- L- ''*^ > nf ImwL
tiffite-. Til* jr?sBwr Tru«ff intvift
that tibe T^iiazKiauL irf nuuei iiat
c*:«£f«r?»l a crwc i«neiB intin
tirt«u fw 'An'T fBsrt innr 1< t#h-
e«it. xwre xhcL ■eIi't- ▼•«-• Y^rvTia.
1 ^C3 asil 1 '^':

l£r. A. ^'LcimiBL innHofvc -ijn
H'l'Bit- V.' tfakf- Bur>- 'aoc r dit
iK-t injro* lit**- imn«}*mr nne^arf: ii;^
tra3ff6fj;ai»g lii? -smrtfir -ruck iron
Caacada ti* liie Sahk 3f nut

of hift evBRarntontf ▼*miic ti» fMr-*-
eroly 3B3tD«i4 ^7" suA 1. Truuflfa-
TifliWr wa^ a for fnt^fiee; iir itZK-
tk«, fpr s evnic um I* anrngTM?!
and widb ibe g*ag 'trSBnuun. ir
laihray^ w!bx^ 'wm iivw rvmr m
thrragbcqa i&i* <71iulr/^«- xiifr^ mmr
be a jTOBS aaii pr^nKg dnunut
fsrit. Eeht^'
iateraliff iftKi

108]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [E»gUmi.

bo affected by tbc reduction now
proposed.

Captain Ilarris was of opinion,
that this resolution, if adopted by
the House, would strike a heavy
blow against the North American
trade ; and that by so doing it
would inflict a great injury on the
service to which he had the honour
to belong.

Mr. G. Palmer opposed the re-
solution as fraught with danger to
every interest of the country, and
more particularly to the shipping
interest. Sir R. Peel claime<l the
merit of the first relaxation of pro-
tection, by which that interest had
been attacked ; and he (Mr. G.
Palmer) would take care that he
should have the full responsibility
of proposing the last. Ue com-
pared Sir Robert Peel to Ahab*s
prophet of old, who wos permitted
to deceive himself in order to bring
down punishment upon others.

Mr. Warburton, having stated
that he had once been largely
engaged in the timber trade, pro-
ceeded to compliment Sir Robert
Peel for the improvement which
he had introduced into the mode
of collecting and levying the duties
on timber. He showed that great
benefit had been conferred on the
European timber trade, and also
on the colonial timber trade, by
the tariff of 1842 ; all the pre-
dictions of those who then opposed
it had been falsified by events, for
the duties, though much reduced,
produced within 200,000^, the
same amount of revenue as was
formerly produced by the higher
duties. When so much improve-
ment was in progress in all parts
of the country, ought the Govern-
ment to stand still and allow the
timber of the colonies to be raised
to an exorbitant price if The Le-
gislature might blame itself if the

ships trading to and from the Bal-
tic were foreign bottoms, for ihii
was occasioned by its absurd regu-
lations respecting the importatiiMi
of foreign com. After recom-
mending this measure as an ex-
cellent financial and mercantile
measure, he proceeded to stite
several strong political rea8<»8 ftr
restoring our trade with Norway
to the condition in which it had
been before the war of 1 793. The
Norwegians were formerly prood
of serving in our navy, and of
wearing on their breasts the me-
dals granted to them for their
share in our naval victories ; a
bar, therefore, ought not to be
placed upon their ports. Ov
trade with them had ceased, and
our Canadian timber trade had
commenced in consequence of our
two expeditions to Copenhagen.
A considerable trade had since
sprung up between Norway and
France ; and to draw it back into
its ancient channel, wo ought to
give every encouragement to the
merchandize of Norway.

Mr. Borthwick admitted that
there were strong political reaaona
for encouraging friendly relationa
with Norway, but contended that
there were still stronger political
reasons for encouraging friendly
relations with our feUow aubjecta
in Canada. He contended that
the British consumer and the Ca-
nadian grower would be losers by
the change now proposed. As it
placed foreigners on an equality
with our own subjects, he should
certainly vote against this redne-
tion.

Mr. Henley, in a short speech,
declared his intention of support-
ing the shipping interest, and of
voting against this resolution.

Mr. Hume should give his anp-
port to this resolution, althon^

I irij :t -.Li :

Uiia =-_':• r-t: : -
4Lre :: i.? ^

BftS C'f fr--'r ^ .'.

mseo: '. -r-i- -?
t ia decl^"-.ir ~

Ltn*.

110] ANNUAL REGISTER 1846. [*

lertatioii, diipUjing mueh indui-
try and researoh, to prore that the
flipping interest had been injured,
ana would be ttill mora etsentially
injurad, by the relaxation of the
protection under which it had
grown up. If the shipping in-
terest were injured, our maritime
supremacy would be endangered;
and if by any vicissitude of for-
tune it should be lost, the glory
and prosperity of England would
be placed in the utmost jeopardy.

Sir G. Clerk obsenred, that
though Lord G. Bentinck had
declared his intention of object-
ing to this resolution on the three
grounds of revenue, of protection
to our colonies, and of our mari-
time supremacy, he had said little
or nothing on the first of them,
because it was impossible for him
to prove that the resolution would

?roduce injury to the treasury,
'he noble lord had been more dif-
fuse on the second point, but he
(Sir G. Clerk) thought that the
predictions of the noble lord, as
to the ruin of the Canada trade by
this resolution, would be falsified
by events as completely as all the
former predictions of its ruin had
been. On the third point, the no-
ble lord's argument was in some
respects of so exaggerated a cha-
racter as to carry its own refuta-
tion along with it ; for he had con-
tended that our shipping interest
had so fallen off that wo must fear
competition with the mercantile
navy of Norway and Denmark.
He then entered into an exami-
nation of several of the statistical
documents quoted by Lord George
Bentinck ; and, having concluded
it, observed that e?ery shipowner
agreed, that up to the year
iiO the shipping interest was
the most flourishing description.
ring the next three years it

had been in aitatoof dip

owing to two CMuea. Tl
was, that every other inte
this country had been in m i
great depression ; and the i
that the shipping interest w
exposed to great oompetitii
not from foreigners. To(
ships had been buflt in 0
porta, in consequence of ti
vious prosperity ; and whe
action oame, the competh
freight produced a great re
in the profits of the shi]
From returns which he rat
the ports of London and Lr
he hoped that the prospi
the shipping interest was 1
established, and he was
that it would not be impa
the present resolution.

Mr. C. Buller observed,
the rest of this question bi
very satisfactorily disposed
would confine himself to
marks of Lord G. Bentu
the indignation which he <
was now shaking Canad
one end of it to the
Now he thought that wh<
G. Bentinck unfurled the
Jack, as the flag of th<
sitting on the Protection I
ho ought along with the ii
to assume the gravity and
sibility of the leader of 1
He (Mr. C. BuUer) thouf
the use of the language of (
courtesy tewards foreign
such as Sir Robert Peel hi
used, was preferable to b
bombast with the braff|
America, and to justify
vagaries of poor Mr. Ad
congenial bluster. He I
mated his dissent from ]
Bentinck, when he said '
inhabitants of Canada wera
ing the expediency of se
themselves from England,

.1 '." • r .

112]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. t^

mentB agfunst free trade, derived
from the alleged injury which it
would inflict, first on our shipping
and colonial interests, and ulti-
mately on the general interests
of the empire. He insisted that
Ministers had no reason to exult
oyer the intelligence they had re-
cently receiyed from the Canadas.
The Canadas were not satisfied
with the imperial policy ; hut only
consented to it hecause they could
not resist it. He concluded hy
moving, that the report he taken
into further consideration that day
six months.

Mr. Lawson seconded the amend-
ment.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer
proceeded to comment upon the
new principles of finance and trade
whicn had heen that evening laid
down by Lord G. Bentinck, and
which were not likely to be adopted
by any finance Minister, unless,
indeed, it were by the noble lord
himself. He had proposed to re-
peal the whole of the Excise duties,
and to raise a similar amount of
revenue by raising Customs' duties
commensurate to the Excise duties
which he repealed. Now, if Lord
0. Bentinck were able to carry
such a project into execution, he
would place on the foreign trade
of the country a burden which it
could not bear, and which would
be equally injurious to the foreign
producer and the home consumer.
Sui:h a project was not in con-
formity with the commercial ^licy
of Mr. Pitt, Mr. Canning, and Mr.
Huskisson, which the noble lord
had 80 much eulogized ; for it was
the constant practice of those great
Ministers to apportion the amount
of taxation which they proposed
to remit, equally between Customs
and Excise. After declaring that
easons of revenue prevent^ the

Government from repeali
duties on soap, hops, an*
as the noble lord advised,
ceeded to point out the
of his objections to the rec
now proposed in the timber
The fallacy of them consi
this — ^that his lordship appi
suppose that what was an
tage to one country must a
sity be a disadvantage to a
whereas trade, if properly
on, was productive of advai
all parties concerned in it
denied that the Canadian
adverse to the reduction oi
the timber duties or the e
ties, and treated as a m<
bugbear the apprehension
ther reduction would indue
to wish for annexation
United States. He ridicn
notion that commerce could
ficially carried on under a
system of hostile tariffs,
tariffs always begot compla
irritation between nations, i
un frequently terminated in
sity and war.

Mr. G. Bankcs complain*
the Chancellor of the Ex<
had answered a speech wl:
had made for Lord G. Be
and had left unanswered the
which his lordship had mi
himself. His noble frier
never proposed to repeal th<
amount of the Excise dutic
as Mr. Pitt and Mr. Hu
had proposed before him,
portion his remission of
between those two depart
He thought that we had
rashly on to the repeal
Customs* duties, without co
ing whether we should ga
corresponding advantage :
It would have been better i
repealed the duties on tea,
soap, and malt, or one or

riy^and.] H I ^ T •: Li

by rop.j.1.^ "2.:. *-Li:n>i :iSfSii.""ar:i»»i:r I •: j • •"f~T"

of Sir J one* *ZTi,:ii,Ti. hl -ii*. Juti -iu.:r4ii:_: : z^
La*"*, &i.d j"i*rift-i '!»■* ir-'-r-uucrx" t-^..; t—- '..»":

of Ills Jvlli^ >: ':t lit-tiiiJ^iiiL ZUu. l^..j-r^— • ■•

iris L.«: Z.v"W 'l»if.«r£ -Lljf Z-.iU^*, -.-»•". -.TJII- -7- ;

Mr. iii'»"«r-s "Li/l: "r^.*:*!. -lui.: la? —:":"•'-. •" :_.--:

iberrfvrir i.:-i -iii.-i^r-i ;. ti:r4fii— u* r*"-;- x_.- -i^..-

lini rli'L" :l 7.tfr..z.r wi'.i lin J«ii. n.--.^-- -.-

lie kn^T tu.: Ti_> mi-u-^UT' r-a. -.._- —...

(•a:c::li:'.'d : z*: .'Zi: '\i litt r-'i»"-»i. t.-. -:i ^

triiir -f :lf : :•- iT'7 liiw vur a* -.:ij: .. _ •• _-

i*p«*.iVic ::• :*.-• I'l.c ^u-^r-"." i-^'^i'i ..::-_-:.t - I

of :'j? <>n-i-'.i_TT T"!!* Z«'L-- i.^ :: .

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t«« & Ir.; j-.": ^:^ --":•. •! .-: i-ia '•r - ^•-■

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Lvrd tj. r-.i: !.£ " ''i-^n ii* ; t ..

il.Ai :':.'■ f^iii IlI >*-■! -If "ai-- .-•-_-

01: ni.i-.T .:lrT i: : .-:.• viiri zw :. ; --

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ii"n.f ni.:-/ :r.'. . :.:_• : •• mi* .i.: ^ :; - - ' -■ ••-

ofuvLv. - - • ;. •. .

Mr.' i''.:'^z:T'. :: : n.*..:. ' •-- .- • - t

i 'r». :«.-::>. L ; ir.; '; l> : -_ :i?".-!--.ii-i • -.»• -- . ■ .

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trlvv.iM*.* r.'.L. 1: -.i»i ifn' . . ■ *

of which Mr. }£!.▼••"* '.'jTi :i.i-n»-i. i-.. - . • ..

had L?kJ .-.:: :..' i. :'r v v -*•:.. v... —

bat fvr a w).-!.- ^v:-r/.c »• ^'''T •;:..•,•

f^r a who!*- Pari irr-L";. t:**-' v «ii:it -.':: : -_--• ■ •

bave btcn 'u-: ■£•.•! • t tit .ai-Uiui;- -j*^-. .-,-.• -,

V..L. Lxxxv;:::

114]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [«

ductton, and attempted to extend
tbe foreign trade of the conntrj at
the expense of the home consumer
and of the Colonies.

Lord G. Bentinck then^ hj leave
of the House, withdrew his amend-
ment ; and the Bill was read a
third time, and passed.

The Customs Duties Bill was
read a second time in the House
of Lords, on the 4th of June,
on the motion of the Earl of
Dalhousie. In his speech the no-
hle lord showed that this measure
was merely a following up of that
ameliorative course of commercial
policy adopted hj successive Go-
vernments, and particularly hy the
present Government.

In 1819 considerahle reductions
were made in the import duties, be-
tween 1819 and 1826 still greater
changes were made, and from 1842
to 1845 the system underwent the
greatest change of all. This policy
was adopted in the firm belief that
the removal of the duties on the
raw material of manufactures, and
the reduction of duties on manu-
factured goods, while beneficial to
the consumer, would also give a
stimulus to trade, which would tend
directly to the benefit of commerce,
and in the end leave the revenue
very little, if at all, a sufferer by
the change. He showed, by de-
tails similar to those adduced by
Ministers in the Commons, that
these hopes had been completely
realized. The present measure
was merely an extension of the
policy which had been in. opera-
tion for many years, and which
had proved its soundness by re-
sults that could not be mistaken.
The revenue had increased ; the
consumption of those articles which
had been relieved of import du-
ties in whole or in part had been

largely augmented, and '
ports had gone on increatii

After explaining the
changes to be effected
present Bill, Lord Dalhoi
claimed its title to the el
of a free-trade measure; i
ciple was simply, as stated
lordships in Her Majesty^'s
from the Throne, the ret
prohibitory and the redu
protective duties.

The Duke of Richmoni
that the Bill be read a sect
that day six months.

Lord Dalhousie had sp
the measure as recommei
the Crown ; it was the me
the Crown's Ministers, an
was the recommendation,
unconstitutional, and con
their lordships' privileges, 1
Majesty's name should be
in favour of or against any
before their lordships.

The Earl of Dalhousie ei
that if he used the word *
mended," he did not mea
ply the existence of any op
the part of the Crown, bu^
that it had been suggestec
Ministers of the Crown i
matter should be mentione
Queen's Speech on open
Session.

The Duke of Richmo
glad of this disclaimer :
proceeded with his objectic

lie objected to the redi
the duty on butter and
a proposal which he a1
to hostility to the agr
interest. He thought th
tion of the duty on nianu
cottons unfair, and a gre
ship to the Manchester i
turers, who professed that
quired no protection at al
forsooth, were anxious to

116]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [£vImL

if ft rttetkm eame, as in ihe eovrae
of erenti mnsi nftiunDT happeii,
hATing exliAusted oar fiscal re-
■onrees, he did not know how we
•hould meet the deficit, after the
redactions proposed to be made bj
the measure before the House.

Lord Monteagle considered that
the libend commercial measnres of
the present GoTemment were one
of the main elements of our recent
prosperitj.

He objected to the needless sa-
crifice of datj in the case of colo-
nial timber, bj which the consmner
had dcrired no adrantage. With
respect to the duties upon sugar,
the course taken bj the Goreni-
ment was so unexampled and
without precedent that he could
not believe thej would adhere to
the principle upon which Parlia-
ment was last Session called upon
to legislate. An importation of
70,0(KJ tous of high-priced sugar
had been calculated upon, which
would have yielded a revenue
of alwut l,4(J0,000i. But these
figures had been so far from being
realized that only 1,500 tons had
really been imported, and in place
of a revenue of 1,500,000?. only
24,0<K)/. had been received. Then
a reduction of lis. 2d, per cwt.
had taken place in the duty upon
West India sugar, which had en-
tailed upon the country an enor-
n)ous sacrifico of revenue without
a corresponding benefit to the con-
sumer. The revenue lost about
1,500,()(K)/., bijing 11*. 2d. per
tiwt., and the consumer had only
gained \)d, per cwt. in the price.
Who, then, had bonofitod by the
reduction'^ Puhlic attention ought
to bo called to this point.

Thti finances of the country were
in a satisfactory state at the pre-
lient nioinoiit, but that arose from

the 5,(Xp0.0002. derived from As
Income Tax. He thought As
wiser policj for the Govermnwit
would have been to have aiaiii
that tax pennanent, till thej ^
able to remove it. Under _
circumstances a renewal eoold Mft
be asked for, without an indnii j
ment being held oat in the remofd
of some unpopular indirect tax. A
Property Tax, for a short
subject to renewal, had a 1
to create a system of direct I
of indirect taxation, than which t
more dangerous course eoold Ml
be entered on by anj eoaaUff
particularly one burdened u dm
was with debt.

The Bill was read a second tia
no division taking place. The 4
cussions on the subseqoent i _
were brief, but marked bj vn-
abated hostility on the part 9$
the opponents. The Dnke cf
Richmond, previous to the Hooit
going into committee on the BilL
on the 22nd of June, preeentai
petitions from certain silkweafiov
at Macclesfield and from SpitaL
fields, praying to be heara hjr
counsel against the claaae W
which their interests were affected
The petitioners undertook to ]
that the proposed duty on _
silks, so far from being equal ^
15 per cent., did not, on manj
descriptions, exceed 9 per cent.

The Earl of Dalhousie oppoced
the motion, alleging, that hj the
rule of the House counsel were not
to be heard on a general meaMire
of Customs, but only on a measure
affecting a particular trado or a
particular locality.

Lord Brougham supported the
motion. There was a great pe-
culiarity in the case ; and boug
anxious for information on the
facts alleged iu the petitions, he

118]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [*»•■*

ftgrioultaral interest would not
stultify the cause in which they
were engaged, and in which they
would continue to he engaged, hy
BO acting. He should he much
mistaken if many years elapsed
before their lordships would find
the manufacturing interest sen-
sible of the mistake they had com-
mitted, and desiring for themselves
that protection wliich they had
BO earnestly requested might bo
taken away from others. Lord
Stanley proceeded at some length
to show the inexpediency of abo-
lishing certain duties and of re-
ducing others. It was an axiom
in finance that those duties should
not be iuteifcred with which were
increasing in productiveness; and
he applied the axiom to the case
of butter and cheese, live animals,
silk, timber, boots and shoes, and
some other articles, all of which
were iucreasing in value to the
revenue. Before consenting to re-
peal or reduce the duties on these
articles the House should have an
explanation of the prmciple upon
which Ministers were proceeding.

The Earl of Palhousie gave the
required explanation, lie had fre-
quently explained that the measure
was not offered as one of free trade.
What Ministers desired was, to re-
move the duties upon articles of
necessary clothing. Beyond this,
the object of the Government had
been in revising the tariff to act
according to the system which had
been pursued of late years, and re-
duce the duties on articles of ma-
nufacture, and on articles partially
manufactured, so as to leave an
iid valorem duty of 10 per cent,
ou all such articles of importation
as nearly as possible. As to the
revenue, Qovemment, looking at
the past, had a perfect right to
expect that the loss woidd be

i

made up. Lord DiUumme g«M •
number of explanatory detub il
connection with the statemenli lit
duced by Lord Stanley.

The first clause having }m ;
agreed to, the Becond, reLraagM ^
the duties on timber, was oppMll f
by Lord Stanley, who mored IN >
omission. This amendment mi'vt
negatived by 54 to 52.

Lord Hardwicke moved thAC
sion of the clause relating tol
and cheese: the amendment iffii^-}
supported by Lord Stanley* Imt Mr >j
jected on a division by 75 to 50.. J ,

Earl Stanhope objected to Ai^
reduction of the duty on laoOv ViCy'
did not press his motion to ft dhri* i,
sion.

The Duke of Richmond
the omission of the clause
to silk duties. •^

The Earl of Dalhousie deteM - .
the clause, and went at some levgli^ *
into the state of the ailk Umlm
lie thought the conclusion wm nb
cvi table, of the perfect capacity rf
the trade to compete with the fek
rcigucr in thrown silk, aa well ••
in tlie fabrics of silk. With reipeii ~
to the parties engaged in the trali
under this system, he had telm
every pains to obtain infonuatUM
from all parts of the country ; mi
he could assert, that in ereij peit
of the country tliere never was •
time when, taken as a whole, the
trade was in a greater state of
prosperity and more full emtioff
meut, notwithstanding the aomiat
sion of foreign thrown silk aod
the foreign manufactured aitiela.
Why, on the very evening that his
noble friend was originally to have
brought forward this petition, alMWi
a fortnight ago, a meeting of the
velvet-weavers (who oonstitated the
greater portion of the stlk-weaven
of Spitalfields) was held to oonaider
whether they should not demand

120]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [R

with this additional advantage, that
I am ahle more confidently to an-
ticipate the future from the oh-
servation and knowledge of the
past. The Customs produced in
the last year, as I have already
stated, a sum of 19,768,000?. By
the measures which have heen in
this Session passed through the
House, a reduction of duties has
taken place to the amount of
1 ,041 ,0002. But no one who looks
at the operation of reduced duties,
in increasing consumption and sti-
mulating employment, can suppose
that the reduction wiU equal the
amount of taxes remitted. I should,
therefore, not feel authorized in
deducting from the revenue of the
Customs a greater sum than
400.000?.. and this would leave
19,300,000?. So favourahle, how-
ever, are the accounts I receive
from the outports, that I am called
upon to increase my estimate to
19,500,000?. I find in the leading
ports, that during the last six
weeks — weeks, he it ohserved. of
considerahle uncertainty, and dur-
ing which the new tariff duties
have heen in operation — there has
heen no falling-off in the revenue
as compared with the correspond-
ing six weeks of the preceding
year ; and that there is an ex-
pectation that, when the present
discussions in Parliament shall
have terminated, the revenue will
take a spring even heyond what it
has taken since the commencement
of the year. I feel that I may take
the Excise for the ensuing year
at 13,400,000?, heing 100,000?.
more than it produced last year.
With respect to the Stamps, from
which 7,660,000?. was received
last year, I content myself with
taking them for the present year
7,400,000?. With respect to
taxes that remam, I estimate

the land and assessed tftxai
amount they have heretofo
duced— 4,230.000?. With
to the Property Tax, I har*
it very nearly at what it pi
last year, 5,100,000?. Tl
Office I take at 850,000?.
only 60,000?. over that
was received in the coarse
last year, as I am anxious t
allowance for the expense
tain improvements going oi
Crown lands 1 estimateat 12{
and the miscellaneous iti
300,000?. From China I
700,000?. The total resnl
aggregate revenue for the
51,650,000?. Now, if fri
revenue I deduct the charg
the country during the yeai
past, amounting to 49,40(
it is obvious that there in
disposable at the end of the
surplus of no less than 2,25
Owing, however, to the in
expenditure in the army an<
the improvement of fortifi<
and other sources of outL
nected with the defences
country, so large a surplus
be calculated upon. The.
for the interest of the debt
was 28,200,000?. last year,
reduced to 28,100,000?. th:
The charges on the cons(
fund last year, 2,400,000?.
increased this year, and am
2,500,000?. ; that increase
from measures which Pari
has already sanctioned for i
ing from the consolidates
certain sums for public w(
Ireland. With respect
Army, the charge for whidi
last year was 6,715,000?.
being the expenditure — ^th
mate was considerably less),
pose as the estimate for the ]
year 6,697.000?., being. t
crease of above 140,000?.

L'Zl

-U:

12S]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

of oduoation, the ezienBion of move, m &r m i

churcli-buildiDg, and improved taate

ill the matter of amusementa. " I

think I liave satiBfiod the House

that these results are mainly to be

attributed to tho policy the Goyem-

m<int lias pursued ; not hastily or

rashly deranging ozbting interests,

and producing immediate distress

for tiiu Hake of insuring further

benefit, but cautiously introduced,

and efFecting, therefore, a great

and immediate, but still permanent

benefit/'

This *' Budget *' dreir forth
remarkH from Mr. F. T. Baring,
Mr. Hume, Lord George Bontinck,
Mr. (Jharles Wooil, Mr. WiUiams,
and Mr. Hudson.

Mr. F. T. Baring disputed the
surplus specified by Mr. Goulbuni.
He miglit be wrong, but he be-
lieved that, iiiHteod of a surplus, if
the China money were placed out
of consideratidn, there was a defi-
ciency of 8()(),()00/.

Mr. Ilumo doemoil tho state-
ment fair and intelligible, and re- agreed to.
conmiended the Government to re*

.tk

Lord deorge Bfiithirk iIkmi^
that the Chaaeeilor of Ae Eiehe-
quer had made a great imiiwinii in
not stating what anoant ke aaad-
pated from the redneed com duties.
In hifl glowing ^eeeh too link
credit had been giyen for tlie beau-
ties of the barreats.

Mr, Charies Wood expreaaed his

approyal of the coDuneicial poliey
of the Goyemment.

Mr. Hudson saw no ground for
such a congratdatoij speeeh as Mr.
Goulbum's. He thooght that a
speculatiye Miniatry, aa the pre-
sent had been called, woold hate
dashed at tea, and redneed the
duty on that article. The whole
statement of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer was a laudation of the
Goyemment measurea ; so that the
right honourable gentleman might
be called, like a former holder of
his office, ** Prosperity Goulbum."

The usual resolution was then

Englatul.^

HISTORY.

[123

CHAPTER V.

I

md — Pretalmc€ of Auamnation and Outrages in that countti^^m
Xjord Sl Germans introduces a Bill in the House of Lonh Jofi
the Protection of Ltfc in Ireland^-^His Speech on movintf the secon4\
rmding — SpeecheH of the Marquis of Lansdoune, hard BroufjhamA
the Marquis of Clanricarde and other Peers — The Bill is read m\
»ecomi time J and amended in Committee — It is introduced in f/i#|
Mtm»e of Commons Inj Sir James Graham on the iiOth of March^l
It is vi^oroudy oppOMd on the Motion for the Ji rat readin^t — Spcech^t
qf Sir W, SomeTvilU\ Mr, Smith tyBrien, Mr. Shau\ Mr. O'ConneUA
and Lord Ge4)rn€ Bentinek^Sir Janiea irraham states the nature an4\
ohject$ of the Measure— The Debate m prolomjcd hy the opposition i
Jnsh and other Members, and is repeatidhf adjourned — Speeches
various Members for and afjainst the BUI--A iJiviaion at length tahei
place, and the Bill is read a /test lime by '274 to 125 — The contest la I
r€neu:td on the Motion for the second rcadiuff, which is moved on th6
Siih of Jnnc—licasons of the dehtif — The discussion is continued brj
%€rom Adjournments, from the \)th to the iliith of June — Selec-
\from various Speeches — Sir W. SomervUle moves an Amendment
that the Bill be read a second time that day sij' months — Mr. Bernal
seconds the Amettdment — Speeches of the Karl of Liiicoht, Mr, M, J.
O^Connell, hord Qeorge Bentitwky Mr. Sidney Heihert^ Mr. Haiies^
Lord F, Eyerton, Mr* Colquhoun, Lord John HusseU, Mr. Disraeli^*
Mr* Ihjebtickt Lord J. Manners, Sir James Grahnm, Mr. Lahourhere,
Mr. Stafford (JBrien, Lord Neirport, Mr. Hume, Mi\ ShicI, the
iyalicitor-General, the Marquis of Chaudos, Mr. Newdeyate and
Mr. Cohden—On a Division^ 2{^'Z vote ay a Inst the second readiny
and 210 for it — Coincidence of the deft^at of Ministers, and the pass-
ing of the Corn Bill in the Hoicse of Lords — News arrives from
Afoefiea of the Settlement of the Orcyon Question — Eesiynation of
Sir Uobert PeeVs Cabinet — The announcement is made by the Duke
of Weliinyton in the House of Lords on the 2dth of June — Lord
Brougham adverts to the Oregon Question — StatmwtU of the Earl
of Aberdeen — On the same evening Sir Ttohert Peel declares his
lu in the House of Commons — Hu Speech on

thi fks of Lord Pabni'rston and Mr. Hume,

THE unusual prevalence of
MSiLaainations ami Drlmes of
fialatiee m I ret and dimng the

early part c>f thia year induced
Sir Rabert Pe^srtj Govemroent to
inti'oduce a measure of a coei'CiYQ

I

i

124]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [EngUmd.

character for the prevention of
such outrages, somewhat similar
in character to measures that
had in former years been enacted,
under both Whig and Conservative
Governments, for a like object.
The initiation of the present Bill
took place in the House of Lords,
the second reading being moved by
the Earl of St. Germans, on the
24th of February. The noble lord
commenced his speech on this oc-
casion by remarking that nothing
but necessity could justify the Go-
vernment in proposing such a mea-
sure or the House in adopting it.
It would be his duty to make out
his case by producing documentary
evidence of the state of Ireland, as
he had no right to take for granted
that their lordships were possessed
of any knowledge on the subject.
From the returns in the possession
of the Government it appeared that
iu 1844 there were in Ireland 144
homicides — in the last year only
136 ; offences of firing houses in
1844, 104— in 1845, 138; aggra-
vatcd assaults in 1844, 504---in
the present year, 544 ; common
assaults last year, 251 — the pre-
sent year, 242. Passing over of-
fences against property, which are
comparatively rare in Ireland, he
would refer to offences against
the public peace. Last year there
were robberies of arms, 159 — in
the present year, 551 ; appearing
in arms last year, 79 — in the
present year, 89 ; administering
unlawful oaths last year, 59 —
in the present year, 223 ; sending
threatening letters or notices last
year, 662 — which had increased
to the fearful extent of 1,944 in
the present year; houses attacked,
254 last year — in the present
year, 483 ; firing into dwelling-
houses last year, 77 — the present

year, 138. The total amount of
these crimes was last year, 1,495
— which has risen to 3,462 in
the present year. The grand to-
tal of offences against the person,
property, and the public peace,
was last year, 3,102 — in the pre-
sent year, 5,281. One consolatoiy
circumstance might be mentioned:
in eighteen counties in Ireland
crime has diminished in the last
two years, in four counties it had
been stationary, and it was only in
ten that it had increased. These
are— Cavan, Fermanagh, King's
County, Longford, Westmeaih,
Clare, Roscommon, Limerick,
Tipperary, and Leitrim. In ad-
dition to such official retunis.
Lord St. Germans read a number
of statements, and detailed reports
of the more remarkable homicides
and outrages that had occurred,
the authorities being justices of
the peace and other trustworthy
persons. In connection with these
details he remarked, that of the
many outrages which had oc-
curred— 137 homicides and many
aggravated assaults — the House
would be surprised to learn that
there were only five which had
been committed on the persons of
gentlemen. The dwellings of the
upper ranks were comparativdy
safe, as the inmates were armed
and could defend themselves; hut
the position of the small farmer or
cottier was different. If he com-
plies with a threatening notice and
leaves his small holding, he be-
comes an outcast and a wanderer ;
and if regard for his family in-
duces him to brave the danger and
remain, what is the consequence?
In the dead of the night his door,
which cannot resist the smallest
pressure, is forced open ; a band
of armed and disguised ruffians

England.]

HISTORY,

[125

treftk in ; they drag liim from his
hed, And either murder or maim
and mutilate bim iu presence of
llifi wife aod ehildren.

Lord St. Germans was prepared to
show that the Government bad put
in foree the e:xistiug law bo far as
was praetieable. In the disturbed
districts the constabulary had been
increased. In Cavan county^ in
1836, there were only 179 police-
meii^ but now 400; and iu other
coiuiics large augmentations had
taken place. This increase was
independent of military parties.
There had also Ijeen an increase
in the number of stipendiary ma-
gistrates, but he regretted to aay
that all had proved inetl'ectuaL

An outline of the proposed n»ea-
ore was next submitted. It pro-
rided for the prochiimiug a district
which murders or attempts to
emrder hod been committed, and
nablcd the lord-licutonarit to sta-
in that loeality an additional
ce of constabulary, the expenj^e
wholly borne by the district.
I abo a provision of great
founded on the fact
at many of the nmrderti were
oncocted iu public-houseB at nigbt,
nd executed during darkness.
meet thi^, a power was to be
nftonferred on the Executive Go-
Ifenuneut of forbidding persons
he out of their dwellings be-
and sunrise. The
the lord -lieu ten ant
a person maimed,
the representatives of a
Burdered, a reasonable
tion, *' though » perhaps,
hardly ho culled com-
L'mwition," [Lord Campbell sug-
Bted the word ** Solatium/']
The jK>wer of withdrawing the pro-
[^laxnaiion was to be conferred also
ihe lord-lieutenant, Otfences
»g«inst the Act were to he treated

rceu i^unset
I Bill enabled
flo award to
to

as misdemeanours. But he would
not go into all the details now, as
ample opportunities would be sub-
ftequently presented.

As to the cause of crime, he
could not coincide in the opinion
that it arose from defective poli-
tical institutions. lie had shown
that crime had actually diminished
in many counties where the poli-
tical circumstances were the same
as those which existed in the
dibturbed districts. Neither were
the outrages directed against the
existing authorities, hut were
universally perpetrated on indi-
viduals who had incurred on pri-
vate grounds the vengeance of the
perpetrators. It was true that
many of the outrages partook of
an agrarian character, but he was
bound to say tlmt the great cause
of the evils which prevailed in
Ireland was to bo found iu the
exiatenco of BQcret and illegal
associationB. It was necessary
to meet the existing evil ; and
when the object was attained,
and a feeling of ** security '' ex-
tended to every peasant in Ire-
land, then the country ntight look
forward to satisfactory results from
the measures on which the Go-
veniment were at that moment
engaged, and those which Parlia-
ment had alruady adopted.

The Alart]uis of Lauadowne coidd
not think of otlering the least op-
position to a Bill 80 imperarively
called for as the present ; but
hoped the Government would not
think itself relieved from the ne-
cessity of bringing forward other
measures for the amelioration of
Ireland, which would be calculated
to give more universal satisfaction
in that country.

Lord Brougham thought the Bill
ought to be passed with the leant
possible delay, but regretted tlmt

126]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1840. [

it did not contain one pr<mmoii,
which he had before adToeated, to
the effect that trials should not
take place in a part of the country
where the jurors would be exposed
to the shot of the assassin.

Lord Famham gave a sketch of
the disturbances in Cayan, which,
from being the most peaceful
country in Ireland, had become
in fourteen months the seat of
desparate outrages. The origin
of these crimes might be traced
to the Riband Societies — asso-
ciations of the most dangerous
description. The noble lord con-
cluded by giving his most cordial
support to the proposed measure.

The Marquis of Clanricarde de-
fended himself against the attacks
of a portion of the Irish press,
which had assailed him for ad-
hering to the proposed coercive
measures, which seemed to him
to stand alone, and to be uncon-
nected with any other projects
for the benefit of Ireland. He
did not, however, concur in all
the details of the Bill, which he
thought should be limited as to
its duration, and which was de-
fective in the degrees of punish-
ment apportioned to certain of-
fences.

The Earl of Wicklow gave his
honrty assent to the Ministerial
plan.

The Earl of Clancarty objected
to a clause in the Bill giving the
lord-lieutenant power to send down
into a disturbed district any num-
ber of resident magistrates or any
additional police force he might
think proper, and recommended
communication with the local ma-
gistracy as hkely to be more ef-
ficient.

Lord Campbell protested against
the proposition of Lord Brougham,
that power should bo given to the

ExeentiTd to choose another pkee
of trial. His noble and leanieiL
friend had said sadh a power wm
sanctioned by the law of Bngland,
but the House might rest assared
it was not, and that it wonld be aa
encroachment on the liberty of the
subject.

After a few words in ezplani-
tion fhym Lord Brougham, Esil
Grey said, that though some of
the provisions in the Bill were re-
pugnant to his feelings, he thought
a case had been made out for arm-
ing the Government with additional
powers. He could not, however,
consider the present measure as
disconnected with other plans for
the amelioration of Ireland, and he
thought the House should record,
by a solemn vote, its opinion of the
necessity of coupling this coereiTe
Bill with others of a more compre-
hensive and statesmanlike nature.
So strong was his opinion on this
point, that if no other noble lord
came forward, he should feel it his
duty to move, on the third read-
ing of the Bill, a resolution for an
Address to Her Majesty, pledging
their lordships not to rest satisfied
with this measure alone.

After a few words from Lord
Westmeath, the Bill was read a
second time. Upon its going into
Committee, Lord St. Germans pro-
posed several amendments which
the Government desired to intro-
duce. They were principally these
— to give the Bill a retrospective
effect, by enabling the lord-lieuten-
ant to charge on a district, already
proclaimed under the existing law,
the expenses of the supernume-
rary police employed there ; to
subject tea and coffee-shops to
the visits of the police ; to enact
that all offences under the Act
should be tried at assizes of oyet
and terminer or general gaol de-

HISTORY.

[127

Iverj. He Assigned reasons for

bbjeeting to the proposition of

Xonl Brougham for ebariglng

be renue, reconiinending tbiit

bat proYisioti should he lutro-

luced into a general measure.

*fTo this Lord Brougham assented,]

Earl Grey strongly objected to the

clause which authorized the inflie-

3on of fifteen years' tran^^portation

or being found out of doors during

lie prescribed hours ; and woved

[lat one year's imprisonment, with

^r without hard labour, be the max-

aum punishment. It was stated

reply, that seven years' trans-

ortation was the maximum penalty

low proposed » and that there was

othing to prevent the infliction of

i fine of a few shillings or a short

aprisonment, at the drscretion of

be court, in place of the larger

Fjiunishment. In reference to the

jiifence of being found out of iloors,

was agreed to add the words- —

[■•under suspicious circumstances/'

Ih a division, Earl Grey's amend-

Dent was rejected by a majority of

* to 7. Lord St. Germans agreed

limit the duration of the Bill to

be 1st of October, 1849, instead of

!•• five years and to the end of the

hen next Session of Parliament/'

The other clauses were agreed to ;

lud the BilL with some few more

Iterations, passed through Com-

Dtltee* and was read a third time

rithout opposition.

In the House of Commons it ex-

erienced from its fii^t introduction

most detcnniucd opposition.

great struggle was made to pre-

l^ent its being read even a first time,

iOn the 30th of Arnreh, Sir James

}raham having moved that the

other orders of the days be post-

oncd, in order that he might

ing On his motion for the first

sdfng of the Protection of Life

([Ireland) BUI, Sir W. SomerviUo

moved a direct negative of Sir
J, Graham's motion. Referring
to the measures then in progreee
for the alteration of the Corn
Laws, he said that great incon-
venience would arise» not only
from the postponement of the
great measure, on which the
liopes of England, Ireland, and
the empire at large were set,
hut also from bringing on an
exciting and exasperating debate
on another measure, which the
Government intended to postpone
to a future day, even if it suc-
ceeded in carrying it at present.
As Her Majesty had called the at-
tention of Parliament to the state
of Ireland on the 22nd of January,
tkmi as this Bill had not been in-
troduced into the House nf Lords
until the 13th of February, nor
passed until the 13th of March,
he could not help asking why the
Hou.fto was to he compelled to in-
terpose it now between the early
accomplishment of the wishes of
the people of Great Britain and
Ireland on the subject of the
Com Importation Bill? He called
on the Govenmient, before it pro-
ceeded with this Bill, to lay on
the table of the House those other
Irish measures — for instance, the
Irish Landlord and Tenant Bill,
the Irish Franchise Bill, and
the Bill for the Amendment of
the Municipal Corporatious — ^whicli
had been already stated to be in
preparation.

Mv, Smith O'Brien seconded
the appeal of Sir W. Somervillc,
and reminded Sir James Graham
that he was then entering upon a
contest whieli must of necessity
last for months, for the Irish
memhers were detemiined to use
cveiy form which the constitution
afforded to oppose the Bill,

Sir James Graham said, that

ij

128]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [A#l«l

by ordinary court<;fly, and almost
invariftliln iiHago, IiIIIh Bcnt down
from tlio HouHo of Lords were read
a flmt tinio an a matter of course.
Aft<*r oxplainin^ tlic causes which
had hul to houio delay in the pro-
fteedin^H npou this Hill, ho declared
that (iovitrnmiMit was perfectly sin-
4'ore ill its ofForts to presH it for-
ward with all roasonahle speed.
Tho (lorn Importation Hill was, in
llin opinion of Uovornmcnt, the
ni«'aNiirn of primary importance,
and its iiftxt sta^e would be for-
wanlf«d with the loast possible
doliiy. If, however, the House,
by a fombination of parties, should
di'tiTitiiiie not to entertain this Hill,
he Hhoiild tremble for the fate of
Ireland ; for no courso more fatal
to the nntintenanet^ of peace and
<irdpr rould be imaj|rincd. As to
the threats of Mr. S. O'Hiicn, that
he would use every form of the
II(»UHe to obstrurt the propfress of
this Hill, he should be unworthy of
pubru! confidence if he yielded to
them for a moment.

Mr. Shaw observed, that if the
(jov(*rnmeiit ha<l administereil the
exiHtiii^ law with temper and iirm-
nesK, it would have been suHicient
to niiict the present emergencies.
Hut <^ver since their failure cm the
indictment aj^ainst Mr. O'Conncll
and his party, they had been trading
on tho gonerosity of their friends,
and on the meanness of their enc-
mies, and so they were left without
a l)arty in Ireland. He then pro-
e<!ed(*d to retort, in terms of much
severity, upon Sir James Graham,
on account of an attack which the
latter had made upon him in a
former debate. This led to a re-
joinder from Sir James Graham,
and much personal recrimination.

Mr. 0*ConneIl complained that
Sir James Graham had begun his
present combat with the people of

Ireland bj an attempt to depriie
them of the benefit of the leirionil
order. Sir James Grraham lia4
talked loudly of the moral eiect
to be produced in Irdand by the
decision of the HonBO on thu qoei-
tion. Now the people of Ira^
were accustomed to hare majoritiei
of that Hooae against them ; biit
they were not accustomed to hare
the Standing Orders of the Home
violated to enable Ministers to in-
troduce coercion bills against ihem
without notice. The GoTemment
would gain nothing by the preieiit
motion ; and he, therefore, hoped
that Sir Robert Peel would with-
draw it. The Bill itself was enti-
tled to receive the most decided
opposition of Irish members.

Lord George Bentinck observed,
that he had no right to consider
himself as the leader of the party
around him ; but as that party did
sometimes wish him to express \U
feelings to the House, he wonU
inform Sir W. Somerville that
that party, however friendly it waa
to the principle of protection, would
not allow protection to be extended
to the broad-day murderer and to
the midnight assassin. He con-
demned, as much as any man
could do, the dilatory proceedings
of Ilcr Majesty's Government in
bringing in this measure, after all
they had said in Her Majesty's
Speech of the very frequent in-
stances in which the crime of deli-
berate assassination had been of
late committed in Ireland. No
Corn or Customs Act could ever
compete in urgency with the neces-
sity of pressing forward this mea-
sure for the preservation of life and
property in Ireland. Having stated
several cases in which women had
been murdered in open daylight
in Ireland, he added, that the
Protection party would give its

HISTORY.

yj support to the Gaverniuent
^11 g {L3 it showed itseJf in
fe&i in putting down murder
^ vent log aa&as3i nation in Ire-
\ The blood of every man
ihould be murdered hereafter
eland would be on tlic head of
lliui&ters, and of tliat House,
(y joined in retarding unnecea-
^ the projgjeas of a measure
IhLs. The party with which
%d the honour to act yielded
lie in love of Uherty, but it
I not allow the name of liberty
jjppostituted to the protection
fiAday murder and midnight
Kion.

[George Grey thought that
p»m Importation Bill ought to

preceaenee of the present
ftre.

rd John Eussell adopted the
, view^ adding, that if Sir
p Graham should make out a
fwatifying a Bill like the pre*
file should fee! hiniHelf at li-
iMMpive hts assent to )t« At
H^i time he could not help
j^^thflt if Goveniment sue-
I in reading this har^h
Ire a 6r3t time, it ought to
\ It up hy remedial measures,
kited to reach the causes of
I diaonlorA. A great moral
lage would be gained if the
I J^ould declare, that while it
Bktho law flgaiufit the as-
PB would search into the
p of his crimes, and would
ler whether, by removing

the necessity for such uu-
lutional Bilb might not in
I be averted*

•f Henry G rat tan declared his
(on of supporting Sir William
^ille*s amendment, but with
I detennination, ueverthelesiH,
\ down the spirit of insuh-

iion which now prevailed in
i&tiicta in Irelandt
LXXXVilL

Sir Ilobert Peel did not expect
to have heard a doubt expressed
that evening as to the sincerity of
Her Majesty 's Government in bring-
ing forward this Bill for the pre-
servation of life and property in
Ireland. When the fitting time
came, the House would see whether
he was sincere in his declarations
respecting his intention to proceed
forthwith with the Corn BIIL It
was, however, his duty to insist
that this Bill should previously he
read a first time. Lord George
Ben ti nek had snid, that Govern-
ment would be responsible for every
murder which should hereafter be
committed in Ireland, if thi*^ Irish
Bill were not passed, while the gen-
tlemen on the Opposition benches
contended that Government would
be responsible for every man who
died of starvation in Ireland, in
case the Corn Bill were not passed,
Bt'tweon these two measures, he
admitted that the Government was
placed in a position of some diffi-
culty, bat he thought that it had
reconciled its duty with those dith-
eultiea by proposing to read this
Bill a first time. Ministers bad
been told that they fibould be met
with every kind of delay upon this
BilL It was the duty of Govern-
ment to dijH regard menaces of that
kind, and to take that course which
was moat conducive to the public
interest. It would not be seendy,
in the present state of Ireland, not
to take this measure into imme-
diate consideration.

After some further discussion,
the House divided, when there ap-
peared for the motion of »Sir James
Grail am —

Ayes
Noes

. 147
. 108

Moiontv for tlio Motion

39

::a- .: .-— '^L^x^TZH. LS46. lE-yi-idL

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-^^*'^^^^" -ire. noeeommoiL Li-

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--: ■ -- .aon - ^^^^ami onMted .rf

— - =- ->aia. uiti 'hax .)f rfaeae

'* J]* -^' — -^•^•^asisTotiot*1.4riiiM)0.

'^'" "--^^ •ittizur m u:eoiiiis of die

\^_ ^=!.— r -omiciiies uui jtbir

" "'" -~ .—■^-1* ---le* -onunitied \n Lw-

-^'^ ^v^n-^i -oat. ▼biie in d»

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■-""'.- 7^;;'; - /^"-■»^*v ^y ^en pre-

^ "■ " -—"^ — nmnrced in due

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■- — x»^- :;..i- .; ^ "^^.Tarran aor a

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. v;.-.-.-. ;r 2:ir>-Tr;i. fin.'n.^iL*, ami upon

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w «•/.•> a^ :- jv-ir:* f liii-.v. Fie »hoved
^ -iinie* who porpetnied

^'.f.--^ " , . ..: ..■,/.,•,.■.•.-.; ■:'..■■--.. :h-.r-? -.f?z-:-ri^ interfered in the

f.f,ff'*-. •'* '.? ./.'.- '. .■.:^ -^i.-, rfior: vx-n-.oiinarv maaner. lie

fff.r f**ti f '\ it, '. .i,.,,f ,"t" .^ wrr-'j 0''/r.t*Ti'l->i chat, unless such inter-

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ifi frr.ff'l. K' ...o-..') )i;i " l,;i<l of «Mpit^ into Ireland would be

yfffti/irf t'f Krih^; f'/r^ard a &to|ip&'i, and the porert j and dia-

I'

»>.. ' "■• ■ '-. ■ • ,■.■.-7

HISTORY.

[131

I of the people would reniaiu for
imrJiMiged. The icteq>oei-
tkn of dio LigtaUtore had become
isdbpcnsiihlT neeessarj ; aod a me-
IMffal calling for It had been pre*
•mied to the Lord-Lieutenant, hj
tli» ULagblratea and grand jurors
of the h^e counties to which he
h«d already referred. He then
proceeded to describe the heada of
the Bill »ent down from the Houaa
of Lords for the repression of these
outrages, and oheerved» llmt as he
ihotild haTe another opportunity of
defending their policy, he would
net enter at all into that subject at
present . After dwelling with great
emphaaift on the recent murder of
Mr. Carrick, and reading the able
letter addressed by Mr. Ryan to
i!r. O'ConueU, calling upon that
gentleman to give up hiis agitation
against this measure, he implored
honourable Members not to refuse
a reading of thia Bill, if they lovctl
Ireland, abhorre^l injustice, and
deteated nii^rder. He then moved
tliat the Hill be read a first time.
The debate thus commenced waa
ot aiitfcred to come to a close till
W repeated adjournments, and
Buch loss of time.
Mr. O'Conuell addressed tbo
I in oppovsition to the Bill, on
txi occasion when the duhject
\ resumed. He did not deny the
esiaienco of disturbauce and crunc
certain pjirts of Ireland, neither
irouhl he palliate tbe atrocious at-
\ against life whicb had taken
but he disputed the eiH-
" the Miiii.^terial remedy.
Gralmm had failed to
iaure would
Jt if this point
1 been mad© out^ Mr. 0*Couuell
: tiarc giren the Bill a hearty
[>rt* Ho called upon the Qo-
aefit to look into the real con*
I cf the people of Irelaudi and

to pais the otdy Coercion Act that
waa required — an Act to coerce the
landlord who would not do hit duty,
and to rescue the people from their
present condition. Of course the
Government wished to see Ireland
prospering, and they had given a
.strong proof of this deaire. They
had the power in their hands, and
if they would take a manly tone,
and adopt a temprate and digniiied
estimate of human nature with re-
spect to Ireland, they might stand
over her and wave tlie wand tliat
would turn her misery and poverty
to prosperity and hap]nne«'^. He
traced the outrages whose ex-
istence formed the pretext for the
present coercive measure to the
nature of land-tenure, and the ano-
malous relations between landlord
and tenant. Ho referred to the
Acts passed since tbo Union, to
show tbe many unjust advantages
conferred upon the landlord, and
the consequent helplesaness of the
tenant. Those advantages ha<l
proved fertile sources of murder,
especially that which related to the
power to distrain upon growing
crop«. •• There was in Ireland
what was called a * starving season/
for about six weeks before the new
harvest, and, if the growing crops
were distrained, the labourers were
deprived of their meauR of subsist-
ence. They were prevented from
digging : if their wives or children
came out in tbe evening to take a
few potatoes, they were consigned
to a gaol ; the husbands were driven
to madnesa ; and could it ho a
matter of surprise that this state
of things was a fruitful source of
crime ? — of crime which did not
exist in Ireland before the Union,
but which was traceable directly to
the legislation of that House. ' ' The
evils which had been fostered under
the existing system would not be
[K2]

132]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Engird.

curecl bj a Coercion Bill. Similar
experiments had been tried seven-
teen times, and every one of them
had failed. This he showed in
detail. As to remedies, Mr. 0*Con-
nell recommended measures for
the adjustment of the tenure of
land, and for securing to tenants
a fair compensation for improve-
ments ; a modification of the
Ejectment Bill, to check the whole-
sale clearance system ; tlie exten-
sion of the Ulster tenant-right ; a
modification of the G rand J ury Law ;
a more adequate number of repre-
sentatives in Parliament ; adequate
corporation reform ; and a better
distribution of the church temporali-
ties. In conclusion, Mr. O'Conuell
moved his amendment, to the effect
— that, instead of passing an arbi-
trary and unconstitutional Bill like
the one proposed, they ought to
adopt measures tending to eradicate
the causes which produce crime.

Mr. Bernal Osborne seconded the
amendment. He thought the ten-
dency of the Bill was to inflame
discontent, and insisted on the ne-
cessity of measures to remove the
causes which led to the commission
of outrages.

Mr. Sidney Herbert defended
the Bill. He endeavoured to show
that its object was the care of tlie
poor man more than of the rich :
the clause which made it penal for
a man to be out of his residence
between sunset and sunrise, except
upon lawful cause, was specially
intended for the protection of the
helpless, inasmuch as the murders
committed in broad day were upon
the rich, and those at night chiefly
upon the poor.

Lord John Russell thought that
Sir James Graham had not made
out his case, in so far as regarded
the efficiency of the measure to
remedy the admitted evil ; he had

not shown in what way the Bill would
prevent murder. In fact, the most
important step of the whole deli-
beration, the connection of the evil
with the remedy, had been lightly
and briefly passed over. Lord John
thought a milder measure would
have been more effectual. If he
agreed that the Bill should be read
a flrst time, he was bound to state
that, in the future stages, he should
have objections to offer which would
reach the foundations of some of the
principal provisions. He did not
think the House should now rest
satisfied with copying the legisla-
tion of the last forty or fifty years,
in reference to Irish grievances.
He complained that Government
had neglected to bring forward re-
medial measures in conjunction
with the Coercion Bill, and stated
differences in the policy of the
Whigs, in Earl Grey's time, when
introducing their coercive measure.
Lord John Russell expressed satis-
faction that the monstrous proposal
originally made of making the Bill
permanent had been abandoned. He
trusted, before the Bill was read a
second time, a measure would be
introduced for adjusting arrange-
ments between landlords and te-
nants.

On a subsequent night the dis-
cussion was resumed, when Mr.
R. S. Carew, Mr. Dillon Browne,
Mr. Poulctt Scrope, and the O'Con-
nor Don spoke against the Bill ;
Mr. M lines supported it, as did
Lord George Bentinck ; and Lord
Morpeth gave a qualified support
to the first reading. He observed,
that though he was ready to admit
that remedial measures ought to
have preceded, or, at any rate, to
have accompanied this measure of
coercion, yet he could not take
upon himself the responsibility of
refusing to give to the Government

HISTORY.

[133

fff tUe powers wliieh they nl-
[ to b<? esitential to the seeurit}'
lUmaa liff ia Irclainl. Even
wlien he wa*^ going to give a
not in conformity with the
irity of the representative!* af
ffid, he was ready to allow that
{people of tliat country, in ho-
f of deftliiig between man and
, and in patience nnder want
briri&tiou, were supciior to any
r people in the world. He was
ready to allow that it might
lay to pick out crimes more
I10U8 in England than any coiu-
kI in Ireland ; but it wa?* not
Dnonnity, but the system of
crime* which called at present
ome intervention on t)ie part
W Legislature, He considered
khis Bill was not calculated to
its own ends; hut that was
£on for considering its clauses
tnmittee, especially as be could
Ir^fuse to legislate upon the
let altogether. He bad been
of those who bad originally
l^rted the Appropriation Clanse,
lie had subsequently stated in
ilftcc in Parliament that tliat
e, baffled as it was, would not
lU justico to the people of Ire-
He was also of opinion that
le franchises of Ireland, Par-
rutary ns well as municipal,
I to rest upon the aamo bases
me of England and i^cothind.
Igh the Whig Government bad
iuced A Poor Law into Ire-
he thought that the relation
ten the property and the po-
' of that country required fnr-
adjuiitnienl ; and mont tarn-
did be bopc that the new law
Hdlord and tenant which Oo-
^ent was going to propose
i he formed with due conei-
lion of the rights of the weak
lefenceleas. He was also of
tn that the bogs and waste

L.

lands of Ireland might be made
productive of greater advantage to
its p<q»ulntion» He then proceeded
to remark, that whenever the pe-
rn >d t*bonld arrive for the first read-
ing of this Bill, some time must
elapse before it arrived at ha third
reading. If in the interim the ab-
horrence with whicb these enmes
bad been branded by the popular
leaders of Ireland should have pro-
duced a diminution of their number,
and if the benevolent band of Pro-
vidence sboubl have restored se-
curity- to property and life» be
hoped that Her Majesty's Govern-
ment woidd meet that mnnifcsta'
tion of improvement in a corre-
sponding spirit, and would dispense
with the whole, or with the severer
part uf this law ; but if the event
should be otherwise, then be must
bow before the necessity, and ac-
cede tx> the demands of Government
for incren&ed powers. In the first
speech be had ever made in Parlia-
ment, be bad called upon England
to bo great and to make Ireland
happy. Since that time England
had gone on culminating in great-
ncss ; but he was afraid that, still,
much was left for her to do in
order to make Ireland happy.

After a great nundierof speecbcs
against the Bill, chiefly from Irish
members, insisting on nearly the
snnie gronnds of objection as those
of which a summary has been given,
Sir Robert Peel vindicated at con-
siderable length the conduct of bia
Administration with respect to this
BiiL He said that, on the very first
day iyf the session, one of the first
practical measures recommended Ui
the llousc in Her Majesty's Speech
was a measure calculated to give
increased protection to life, and to
bring to justice the perpetrators of
deliberate assassination. There
was an assurance given by the

134]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Suflmul.

IIouso in return, that it was deeply
impressed witli tlic importance of
the Hubjoct, and that it wonld take
it into imniediato consideration.
The Hill was then brought in and
passed, with little opposition, in the
Uouso of Lonls. It was then sent
down to that House, and it had
hithortu lunm the invariable practice
of the IIouso to give a Bill so intro-
durod a first reading. lie did not
contest the right to oppose the first
Htago of such a measure ; he was
only e(»nKidering whether the Go-
vernnuMit would have been justified
in lotting a Hill of such importance
aH the pn»Mont Ho upon the table
witliout further notice. As to the
ii^juriouH Hurmino that Qovemment
had intoqioMod this measure for
the purpoHO of getting rid of their
mensuro on the Corn Laws, it was
onougli for him to say, at present,
that th(» la]»Ho of time, and many
intorvoning events, had confirmed
thi^ iinproHHionH on which he had
originally proposed the final and
pornianont adjustmiMit of the Corn
liiiws. IC vents had proved to him
tlnit the restrictions which he once
holicved to ho only impolitic, were
uow absolutt^ly unjust ; and his col-
IcMigues and himself were perfectly
prepared to certify by any public
act tho sincerity of their convictions
on that point. He then proceeded
to an (explanation of the reasons
which had induced tho (tovernment
to proposo a measure of this harsh
character towards Ireland. And
for this purpose he endeavoured to
ostablish three facts : 1st, that
from the extent, frequency, and
nature of the crimes committed, a
necessity for a change in the law
existed ; 2ndly, that all the powers
of the existing law had been tried
and exhausted ; 3rdly, that there
was reasonable ground to hope
that the present Bill would be

effectual for its objeet. He then
proceeded to justify in detail the
various clauses of the Bill, and to
show that they were enren more
necessary for the protection of the
poor than for the protection of the
rich. He believed, that when the
Bill was once passed, the know-
ledge of its existence would almost
operate as a cure of the present
disorders. He belieyed that now,
as formerly, its dormant energies
would be sufficient for the repres-
sion of crime, and that the puW-
city given to its powers would en-
able the Executive to dispense with
the exercise of them at an eariy
period. It would be delusive to
propose this measure as a panacea
for the disorders and grievances of
Ireland, and he therefore at onoe
admitted that it was an unmitigated
evil and no remedy for them. He
refused to discuss, on the present
occasion, the various measures
which had been proposed for the
permanent relief of Ireland, for
each of them deserved a separate
discussion. With regard to the in-
troduction of the principle of tho
English Poor Law into Ireland, he
observed that there were many
reasons which ought to induce the
House to pause before it adopted
in Ireland the principle that the
unemployed poor had a right to
relief from the land. Upon this
topic he dilated at considerable
length. Appealing then to the
owners of property, he said, he
would tell the members and land-
lords of Ireland, that he thou^t
that they relied too much on the
assistance of the Executive Govern-
ment, and too little upon them-
selves ; and that it was in their
power to do more good for Ireland
by their own exertions than any
Government could do for them. If
they would only meet together and

tl

HISTORY-

[135

^eonsider the condition of ibeir

Btrj, the obligations of pro-

iy, and the consequences of a

roh exercUe of the powers which

property gave them, tliey aiight,

with a little liberality and forbear-

atioe« confer inestimable blessing*

I on their conntr}*, lie caUed upon

them to follow the example of Lord

ti. Hill, who had converted 18,000

LikOres of waste land into a valuable

erty, and who, by a constant

on to his duties as a land*

: couciliiUed to himself the

of those who stood to bira

fm the relation of tenant;;* By such

Ironduct they would draw together

I the relations of rich and poor, and

would en&ure a confideoco in

the impartial Qdmiui^tration of

I justice, which coidd not be accom-

l plifibed by any lUrect etibrta of le-

gialatiou. There were obligations

oil property which laws could not

Ui»tU or corjtrul, hut which were

easential to the good order and

maintenance of society.

At length, on the 1st of May,

ibiA protracted diti^ussiou came to

^ m c1o»e ; the concluding debate con ■

latned scarcely anything at all

novel or reniarkablo. The speakers

klrere numerous. Mr. Colquhoun,

[the Attorney-General, Mr, W. R.

[7oIlett, Captain Fitzmaunee, and

[■Major Bereaford, advocated the

principle of the Bill ; Mr, Patrick

|BoTuer», Mr. Maurice 0*Conuell,

Ir. Timothy O'Brien, Mr, Sbar-

Ipaan Crawford, Mr, Belle w, Mr,

Henry Grattan, Mr, llocbe, Cap-

%in Layard, and Colonel Btiwdon,

Upokc with much freedcmx against it ;

nd Colonel Sibthoi"p closed the de-

%Ui, In a speech in which ho de-

h\» intention neither to sup-

nor oppone the Bill, It was

io weak, futilci and inoperative,

ho could not give it his sane-

On a division, there appeared—
For the First Heading . 27^
Against it 125

Majority , , . 149
Sir Kobert Peel then named the
25tb of May for' tl)o second read-
ing. Other measures, however, oc-
cupied the time of the Ilouse, and
the Win tsun tide recess intervening,
it was not till the 9th of June that
the debate on the second reading
commenced. The contest was now
again resumed, with the ^ame vehe-
ineacc and detennination ass before,
on the part of the opponents, and
with equal prolixity on both sides ;
the debate being repeatedly ad-
journed, and contiDuing at inter-
vals for many nights between the
9th and the 2-5 tU, when it was
finally closed. It will sufiice to
teclect tlie most prominent speeches,
a summary of whicli will indicato
the positions assumed by the dif-
ferent parties* in the controversy.
It will be seen that while the li-
beral section of the Irish members
fuliiered to their former grounds of
hostility, the views of the English
Whig party were considerably al-
tered with respect to the Bill since
its first reading, Upon tlie order of
the day for the nee on d reading
being moved on the 9th of June —
Sir W. Somerville rose to move
as an amendment, that it he read
Q second time that day six months.
He bud hoped that, after the time
which had elapsed since the intro-
duction of this measure, and after
the huceesflfui issue of the last
debate in convincing the pcoplo
of England that it wus utterly
inapplicable to the state of crime
in Ireland, Her Majesty's Govern-
ment would havo abandoned it.
He would not enter into the
particular demerits of the present
Bilh for those demorita had boen

I

136]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. iEnglmd.

sufficiently exposed already. It
was tbe same Bill which had been
repeatedly passed during the last
half ceutury ; and yet the House
was again called upon to apply
it as a panacea to the disease
incident to the body corporate of
Ireland. Could they hope that it
would be more successful now than
it had been formerly ? No ; they
raust go to the root of the evil.
The body of the Irish people was
full of wounds, and covered with
putrid sores and ulcers, and the
disease under which it was labour-
ing was a dislike to the law of the
land. Until they made them love
that law, by rendering it impar-
tial, there would be neither health,
nor peace, nor contentment in that
country. It had been said that
the cessation of crime, which had
recently occurred in Ireland, was
owing to the debates which had
recently taken place in that House.
He implored the House not to de-
ceive itself with that notion, for
the people who committed these
crimes knew little and cared less
about the debates of Parliament.
He then called the attention of the
House to the slow progress of this
Bill through both branches of the
Legislature. The Queen's Speech,
in which the frequency of assassi-
nation in Ireland was a prominent
feature, was delivered on the 22nd
of January. No Bill for the pre-
vention of assassination was in-
troduced into the House of Lords
till the 16th of February, and
the Bill which was then intro-
duced was subsequently discharged
on the 20th of the same month.
The present Bill was introduced
on the 23rd of February, but was
not read a third time till the 13th
of March, nearly two months after
the meeting of Parliament. On
the loth of March it came down

to that House, and was ordered to
be printed. On the 30th of March
it was ordered to be read a first
time; and now, when it was nearly
five months since the openmg of
Parliament, they were called upon
to read it a second time. He con-
tended that, in allowing this delay,
if the Bill wore necessary, the con-
duct of the Government was with-
out excuse. Supposing that similar
crimes had been prevalent in Yoik-
shire or Durham, would English
Membere have allowed a Bill like
the present to have bung up for
five months, as a subject for tbe
Government to play fast and loose
with at its pleasure? He reminded
Lord George Bentinck that on the
22nd of March be had stated, on
behalf of his party, that if there
was not an urgent and immediate
necessity for passing this Bill, that
party would not support it, because
they admitted it to be most uncon-
stitutional. Now, did this delay
of five months show an urgent and
immediate necessity for this Bill?
If it did not, then he called upon
Lord George Bentinck, without re-
gard to its merits, to call upon bis
friends to reject this Bill, on ac-
count of the extraordinary conduct
of Ministers, who, if their pretexts
were true, ought not to have lost a
moment in converting it into law.

Mr. Bernal seconded the amend-
ment.

After some other speeches
against the Bill in a very thin
House, Mr. Osborne contended that
Her Majesty's Government were
treating the Irish people with tbe
most insufferable contempt in rising
to reply to the speeches which bad
just been made against this Bill.
He was particularly severe on
Lord Lincoln for his silence, and
called on Sir Robert Peel not to
permit an important debate like

irf.]

HISTORY.

[137

ii^sent to t^itnSnate m 6o
factory a inanner.

Earl of Lincoln exonerftted
r from the elmrge of liaving
h1 to treat either Ireland or
sh Memb<»rs with dt^rcfiipect,
Bilence wliieh be had hitherto
td on this subject. He as-
ihe House, that however
Dt or incapable he might
Irifih aifoirs» he bad alwajs
k1 to speak upon this Bill,

explain his owu views and
nf the Government with rc-
lo it; but when an attempt
ice made within ten minutes
Dt out the House, aud when
rerconly three or four Irish
>r» in attendimce^ he thought
h should be showing greater
i to the people of Ireland by
»oiiring to postpone to a later
r the evening those observa*
^hich he wished to address
I Secretary for Ireland, than
king them at an hour when
I mi audience was [irescnt.
en proceeded to defend the
Itnent from the inconsistent
18 which hftd been preferred
t it* The Oovernment had
accused by one party of hav-
tr<-Hluced this measure pre-
fcly, a!id bj anotlier jiarty of
f delayed it too long* He
d that both accusations were
)ded ; but admitted, that if
ftvernment were to be found

of either^ he would prefer
i should be found guilty of
»U He thought, however,
he charge preferred against
inisters for delaying the pro-
of the Bill, after it came into
oase of Commons, proceeded
i rery inditferent grace from
|8 of Sir William Somenille,
if lie recollected Jightly, had
I the pofitponement of the
^ing of it to a distant day,

and he thereby made himself a
partner in the misconduct, if such
it were, whicli he bad attributed
to the Government. He acknow-
ledged that tlie Bill might be un-
constitutional ; but be contended
that he was justified by a stem
and unbending necessjt3% He de-
nied that it was an infringeDient
on the liberty of the subject ; and
maintained that it waa a Bill^ not
no much for the coercion, as for
the protection of the well-disposed
citiKeu. The only liberty which it
infringed w^as the liberty to com-
mit outrage and m aider ; for in
the five counties to which it waa
intended to apply there was no li-
berty for the j>eaceful and orderly.
He then pjoeeeded to refute ^Ir.
0 'Connellys aftsertion^ that the
outrage and murders wlnVh this
Bill was intended to check were
agrarian disturbances^ traceable
to the practice of depopulating
estates, and other circume^tances
connected with the existing rela-
tions between landlord ami tenant
in Ireland, — by reading a mass
of criminal returns from the five
counties to be affected by this
Bill, which showed that, though
in their origin many of the dis-
turbances might have been con-
nected with land, that was not
the case at present ; and that, in
point of fact, there was no social
or domestic relation in life which
was free from the py^teni of ter-
ror now enforcetl on individuals in
Ireland. Ho also proved, by a
comparison of the amount of crime
committed in thoisc five counties^
during the last five months of
the present, nnd the correspond-
iug months of the last year, that
Mr. OTonnell was in error wlien
be stated that crime had diminished
in Ireland since the introduction of
this BilL Sir William Somerville

188]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Engimd.

had aBSumcd tbe same fact in his
speech of that eveniDg, hut he i?as
deeply grieved to he compelled to
undeceive hoth gentlemen on a
point which was of the greatest
importance in the consideration
of this matter. Ue argued from
these circumstances, that the ne-
cessity for this Bill was completely
made out, and that it had not heen
resorted to until every means of
repression provided hy the exist-
ing law had been tried in vain.
As futurity was incapable of proof,
he could not by any train of ar-
giunent undertake to demonstrate
that this Bill would be efficacious
for the objects which it was in-
tended to accomplish. He would,
however, express his belief that it
would be successful ; and one of
his reasons for that belief was the
success which had attended a si-
milar measure, proposed, in 1835,
by the Whig Government. He
then proceeded to defend the pre-
sent Bill in its various details ;
and in the course of his defence
called upon Lord John Russell to
explain how he reconciled it to
himself to reject it altogether,
after voting as he had done for
its first reading, and after declar-
ing that he intended to amend se-
veral of its clauses in committee.
He denied that the Government
had introduced this Bill without
accompanying it with correspond-
ing measures for the amelioration
of the social condition of Ireland,
and referred to the Bills which had
been already passed this session,
and to those of which he had
given notice for an early day, as
a proof that Government was not
inattentive to the wants of the
people of Ireland in their present
emergency.

Mr. M. J. O'Connell observed
that, if he could look upon this

Bill as a measure for tbe protee-
tion of life, no party conaidamtione
should prevent him from support-
ing it, but hitherto he had hMrd
nothing which could induce him
to look upon it in that light.
Referring to the measures by
which this oppressive Bill was
to be accompanied, he expressed
a hope that the Landlord and
Tenant Bill, which Lord Lincc^
was about to introduce, would be
well digested and carefully pre-
pared, for a good Bill on that sub-
ject would tend more even than
a permanent Coercion Bill to put
down agrarian disturbances and
every other disorder of Ireland.

Lord George Bentinck observedt
that it would be in the recollection
of the House that shortly before^
the Easter recess he had given no-
tice, that whilst he and his friends—
were prepared to support this met —
sure, provided the Government, by — '
tlieir conduct in pressing it with —
all due haste through the House, ^
proved their sincerity, they were^
not prepared, on the other hand,
if Ministers allowed matters of les^
importance to prevent its progress^
to give them assistance in carrying^
so unconstitutional a Bill through.
Parliament. Now this Bill had.
come down to the House on tho
13th of March — it was not read a
first time till the 1st of May — and
no step, till now, had since been
taken to forward it a single stage.
Consistently with the course which
he had announced before Easter,
ho now declared that the coiut
fctderis had arrived, on which his
friends could no longer give their
support to Her Majesty *s Govern-
ment. They had, however, graver
reasons than these for opposing
the Government. They refused
to trust it with the custody of
any unconstitutional powers. The

HJ.]

HISTORY.

[139

nee or the double* dealing

Ministerft hud rlisplayed

bcr c^ueations preventetl hh

I from tru^tmg tbem at all,

they, wlio faleelj told the
y that faiQine would be rag-
Ireland at this very Diamentf
lnt0t€d in an J of their other
tenta i It waa mockery and
) both to England and to
id, for Ministers to brandii*h
k their eyes a measure which
l»evcr intended to carry into
( and feeling it to be inock-
l^insult, he would o]ipoiie
^Bsure to the uttormoat,
Ruld do hia best to kick
I the Ministry out together*
rnfasaed that he should have
Tod a direct amendment of
It of confidence in Ministers
9 amendment now proposed,
lobert Peel Uised to inform
louse that he would not be
Ulster on sufferance ; but he
Jed to the House whether
Robert Peel was now anything
r than such a Minister, sup*
d as ho waB by none but
forty paid janissarieB, and
«vcnty other Members who,
Pporting him, blazoned their
Uname ( He then uttered a
D inviHitive against 8ir Robert
for having aeparated bimaetf,
27, from the Goveniment of an
Kotu relative of his (Mr. Can-
I on the ground that he eoutd
nippoH a Minister who sup-
d Roman Catholic Emancipa-

when he (8ir Robert Peel)
prards stated, in hts place in
atnent, that in 182o ho liad
red to Lord Liverpool that
ijutsstion could not be safely
ied much longer. Was not
lobert Peel guilty of most dis-
It conduct in resisting Roman
^Uc Emancipation for four
\ ifter th« period at which

he had come to such a conelu&ion ?

The country would not twice for-
give in the same man the same
offence. It was time now that
atonement should be made to the
betrayed honour of Parliament,
and the betrayed constituencies
of the empire. It was time that
Europe and the world Bhould know
that treachery had been committed
by the Ministers in power, but that
they did not represent the honour
of England* The agricultural in-
terests might be betrayed and
ruined j but let not tho world
think that England was a pdrti-
cipator in tho guilt of thoHe who
now sat on the Treasury benches.
The time was now come when
those who loved tho treason
which had been recently eoni-
niitted, though they hated the
traitor, should join with those who
sat oil the Protection benches, in
sbowinu: that ihey did not approve
the recent conduct of Ministers.

Mr. Sidney IJerbert rose witli
great warmth to vindicate the Go-
vern met it from tbe charges which
Lord George Bentinek, with his
usual license, had considered him-
self entitled to east on iler Ma-
jesty's Guvernmeiit, 11 o would
nut ini|>ute to others motivoii which
ho fchould scorn, if tbey imputed
to himaelf, nor would he import
into that House terras which were
better suited for any other arena
than that where gentlemen of con-
ilition were convened to discuss so-
lemnly an<l dohljerately tlic great
interests of llio country. The
noble lord had accused tho (Jo-
vti-nment of not being in earue^it
with this Bill, because it was now
engaged at the cornmenrement of
June in discussing tho set'ond read-
ing of it, Who had caused that
delay eicept tho noble lord, who
wai now among the tirst to com-

140]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [»

plain of it? The noble lord was
once among the foremost to call
for the passing of this measure.
Where was now all the indignation
and horror which he had formerly
expressed at the frequency of out-
rage and assassination in Ireland ?
Formerly the noble lord had told
the House, that if it delayed, even
for a single day, to pass this Bill,
the blood of every man murdered
in Ireland would be on the head of
the Ministers, and of every Member
who supported them. On whose
head was that blood to be now ?
When the noble lord had answered
that question, he would tell him
that the Government would per-
severe in this measure in spite of
that factious combination which he
had just made with the party op-
posite, whose motives in opposing
this Bill he (Mr. Sidney Herbert)
respected, and did not venture to
blame. Was the noble lord aware
of the rumours which were now
about town that some of the no-
ble lords and gentlemen below the
gangway had made an offer to
Lord John Russell to assist him
in defeating this Bill, and in
throwing out the Ministry ; and
that Lord John Russell, with the
manliness which belonged to his
character, had treated that offer
with that which it would not be
parliamentary to call contempt ?

This declaration elicited loud
cries of "Name, Name,*' but Mr.
Herbert declined to respond to the
call. After some discussion of a
conversational character, Mr. Elliot
Yorke asked Lord John Russell
whether any such negotiation as
that to which reference had been
made had been carried on between
him and any of the Protectionist
party.

Lord John Russell declared that
no proposition of the kind had been

made to him from the quai
f erred to. He then justif
own course in voting agaii
second reading, after support
first reading of the Bill. 1
Bentinck had come to this
sion on grounds satisfactory
self, and he (Lord J. Russe
done the same ; but those g
were public grounds, and thi
been no private understand
twecn them.

Mr. S. Herbert observer
after this declaration he W)
vinced of the untruth of i
mours which he had mentioni
begged to withdraw his ol
tions respecting them.

Mr. Hawes could not coi
the arguments which had
directed against this Bill,
score of delay, by several Mi
on both sides of the Houat
considering the other im]
business which had been
Parliament, it appeared to hi
that delay was unavoidable
concurred, however, with
other Members who had spol
thinkiug that there was n
mass of crime in Ireland, i
sent, as would justify the inl
tion of this measure. He i
showed, from the criminal n
that ever since the year 184^
had been a large, decisive, ai
gressive diminution of crime
land. He also showed th
price of land in Ireland hm
advancing for some time pas
was still advancing — that ifc
and manufactures had bee
were improving, and the coi
tion of cxciseable articles ha
and was increasing. How,
was it possible to say that tl
was necessary for the presei
of life and property ?

Lord F. Egerton observe
there were certain broad &

tl

HISTORY.

[1*1

the record vfhkh he could not den?*

He believed thai there was a di-

tniflotion of crime generally throQgh-

oat Irelaadi but ouIt in one of the

five counties affected by this Bill ;

vhilfl in the other four counties,

1 hkh contained a population equal

to (Ttto-sixtK of the whole popu-

IttiOQ of Ireland, the crimes which

tlijs Bill sought to prevent rutber

tliiu tu pauish, had increased fall

qI, The question to he

/fBAlidered by the Qouse, he-

hn It assented to this Bill, was

iJiis;— •* Were the ordinary powers

of tk law ^ufEeleot to repress the

I aitfag di«or<ler»?" He frankly

I that he thought that they

'iWliiot. Xay, he would venture

to predict, that if Lord John Rus-

«Id, a^ was expected, shortly

Miliisteri and if bis bene-

ld«iit projects for the conciliation

tbil amcliomtiou and regeneration

K or the p»H)plc of Ireland should lag

|H^ beiiind llje progress of tliese social

^kAi which all lamented, — 1\6 it

^PSJffrr probable, that without any

' Mtof his tbey wuulJ»— he would

h found comiufj down to Parlia-

tivat to pnipose a measure with

fJluses, cither analogous to those

of (be present Bill, or only differing

(rm them in departing more widely

I from the constitution. There were

1 portions of the present debate to

vliicli he had lii^tencd with great

iptiQ. He did not wish to re-inftise

lieriniQny Into a discussion which

wmo time had V>een conduct-

jfti with exemplary moderation;

[loi lie must express his unaffected

l^gret, that diffpn^nces on politics

Vd to f Ice of the feel-

lofpriv hip. He then

ihii appellation of a re*

«rhjch Lord G. Bentinck

i ipptied to screnU gentlemen aa

\mtie a# Any m the House,

Mmmg9% ocneni to himself.

He et/aihd^ W sutrag tka tkk
measnro had eoc Wes fnfomd a6
a cunt for fjtm erik of Inlaaj ; ikaH
he did not ssmrt ii mm sack cart;
hut tiiAt ha d&i wa^ptmt it w tbo
means of potting dcum ccrlain
crime« whicb irere nrefmlent m eer*
tain districts of Ireland,

8ir U. Inghs rmie to expUn tli»
reasons of hi^ Toie in vnmmt of
this Bill, in cons-equenee of Lord 0.
Bentinck *s declaratioti on m fomor
erening, that all the Memben vko
sat around him had made up aktkt
minds to opppso it. and to tiuppoii
the amendment of Sir VV, Somcf-
ville. With the riew of turning out
the present Government at all
events. He was speaking for him-
self alone; but having felt that
there was a necessity for a measure
like the present, he would not al<
low any collateral matter to disturb
the vote which he had originally
given in its favour. He should give
the same confidence to Sir R. Peel
which he had formerly given to
Lord John Russell, when that noble
lord had introduced, upon tlie re-
sponsibility of the Government, a
jneasure similar to or even stronger
than, the present. He could not
justify the long and inexplicable
delay of the Government, in de-
ferring t^ this period of the session
the second reading of a Bill which
they deemed of such vital import-
ance; he would, therefore, tell
them, that though he was prepared
to support this measure, provided
it remained unaltered, he would be
ready to oppose it t»hould they con-
sent to allow it to be mutilated like
the Bill they abandoned on the IGth
of February.

Mr. Colquhoun frankly admitted
that Ministers had made out an
impregnable case, and that the
proofs which had convinced the
House of Lords wore sufficient to

142]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [»•

c<mTiiiee the House of Commons.
He thoaght, however, that Minis-
ters had not pressed their Bill
afterwards as rapidly as tiiej ought
to hare done. The Bill, as it stc^,
was scarcelj adequate to the emer-
gene J, and yet Lord J. Russell
had objected to two of its most
valuable clauses — ^the curfew clause
and the transportation clause. He
had noted some extraordinarj words
which fell from Sir R, Peel, and
which filled him with alarm, lest
they were employed to provide him
with a loophole throu^ which he
might creep to the abandonment of
those clauses in Committee. If
those clauses were abandoned, then
the Bill would not be worth the
paper on which it was written, for
the repression of crime. He there-
fore called upon Sir J. Graham to
inform him distinctly, when he ad-
dressed the House, whether the
Qovemment intended to stand by
those clauses or not. If Sir J.
Graham declined to afford him that
information, and refused to give
him an explicit assurance as to
those two clauses, he (Mr. Col-
quhoun) should certainly not vote
for the second reading of this Bill ;
but if Sir J. Graham spoke out
manfully, and declared that the
Government would maintain those
clauses, he would give it his stre-
nuous support. He then discussed
at considerable length the question,
whether the Conservative party
would be in a better situation by
supporting Sir R. Peel as Minis-
ter, or by expelling him from power
and placing Lord J. Russell in his
place. He ultimately decided the
question by declaring that it would
be better for the Conservative party
to have Lord J. Russell in office,
whose projects they could defeat by
Tieeting them with their forces un-
yided, than Sir R. Feel, who, by

creating division in their nun]
enabled to carry out all the m
of their opponents.

Lord John Russell, after

prelimmary observations c

speech of Sir R. Inglis, saii

in commencing an examina

this Bill, he was almost in

to take the same course w

Minister of the Crown bood

took in proposing a measure

portance, and to propose thi

paragraph of the Queen's S

should be read on which the]

measure was founded. Now,

Ministers every credit for the

to secure property and life, h

say that the delay of five i

after such an announcemem

not have been of any advani

them in securing confidence

measure which they had b

forward, either on the grou:

which they proposed it, or

details which tbey had in

within it. In reply to the

mcnt, that Ministers had be<

vented from bringing this m

forward sooner by the Bt4

public business, he observer

two courses had been open to

One would have been, seein

life was in danger and that i

was impending over the coun

introduce a temporary mcasu

•the preservation of life, and i

porary measure for the sup

food, and to have left the

peiinanent measure for the a

ment of tho Com Laws for i

quent consideration ; but i

clear that, as soon as the

tempted to unite a temporary

sure of restriction with a perm

system of Com Laws, they

excite a formidable opposition.

other course would have be<

advise Her Majesty not to alli

the subject of Irish outrage

murders in her Speech ; to

J!i^Ini]

RY.

[143

aiMed tli» Com Laws aod the
Qmlbm isim, imd then to have
iMttiderH whether ihej would in-
tn^BC^ mch a measure at tbaC
vkieb iras thim before the Hove.
fiderrrag io ibe question Lord
Lbeob bad asked hinit oanidT,
' titr he, who bad voted in favour of
friisulftr mea»iTr<« in 1835, refbae4
^infft' <^ iD«aatire ia

^be i .at eaebeaee

t he judi^ ity lU own circuiit^
FHiorc^. and that it was tia ju«ti6-
tiitm to far that^ be<!aii»e a poeo-
' bad been parsoed at one
) ought therefore to he por*
Utiotber. In the jear 1819
I Dew and tmeoRBtttatioiiial
^irti were bronght in bj the Go-
immcBt of t kit d^j for the ptir-
fm if fMitting dciwn demoerstaral
mmiei. Tboe«» mitra^t wet«
iMIdi doriag tha penod oif bb
AhttMtimtkm. & M not, bow-
fvir, renew tboae uneoiitititiMiil
mum*, bttt ealM ap» P«fia-
»eil for a larger lolUltff aill eOB-
vtiWwj forre, awl aneoaodei k
f^narog ibevi witboiil mffkymg
hranjeilf^crdioArj po«wtxa^ The
■Meoorae was adbseqiieBt^ par-
mti hj Str R. Fed vmier tiill
i«n trpw dfgwrtasM, and
tiif0Siied« be waa bapfj to MJ,
vilk lb« taiito sQcceso. Agaiii» in
tbeyw 1833, an Inab CoeftMi
BiD waa tniroduioed inta J
aire barab and
Ibe Oio ifn^sesi. in 1S34 it
'^ I a^an hi 1^35 it

I fbrlUr nil^alid. wlil ii
ibiO •■ftforl of Mtfif
i J in ite Hnont. Hw

tkeb^rd bim, tteim 1633, whtm
Unf Altborp intmtfact^ bio naa.
>«ie<if aerencjr, 1
Mmilbrtbo
mOMmniln

confidenco waap]jw>ei lijf ibo ptopW
of Ireland in tbe Wbi^ Adniaiatni.
tioD that it wonbi not ahaoe ibe
power ao eolraaled to k. Fraoi
1835 10 1840 tlie Aet waa lawikl.
eoee, bol iin# kii
1840 tbe WUf '
tenDiMdlobiii#iim. tUmtm
pKOonoded to abov ibii al ikn
morrf iiSwi cf thb fiai in lOMM-
in|Jkopderb^bo<.l..abjtbo
d^j whkb bftd o««ei 'm few
wmrdiag lA tbi— gb PnifiMBSli

ilfcr ■ Fa.

— ^

144]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [i

for tbeir scheme of religions educa-
tion, for their wish to unite the
Protestant and Roman Catholic
population in the honds of love and
amity, and for their relaxation of the
protection laws, they had heen fol-
lowed, on all those measures — nay,
more, the Ministers hoasted that
on education and on the Corn Laws
they had gone further even than
their Whig masters. Giving them
every credit for having acted on
honourahle motives, thinking that
their present course was a wise and
improved course, he did expect that
some expression of regret would
have fallen from them, that the late
Ministers should have heen so long
the mark of slander and calumny.
Sir J. Graham had accused them
of heing pirates who set fire to the
ship as they left it. It now ap-
peared, that having got possession
of the ship, the present Ministers
had lived on the stores which their
predecessors had left hehind, had
guided themselves hy the charts
which they had left in the cabin,
and had steered hy the compass
which they had left on the deck ; and
having done all this, it would not
have been too much to have ex-
pressed some regret that the Whig
Ministers had been so slandered.
He had felt those slanders deeply,
and if he had received satisfaction
from seeing measures founded on
such principles succeed in Parlia-
ment, still he should have received
more, had his opponents had the
justice to confess that he and his
colleagues had not deserved those
invectives by which they had been
assailed, because they had seen
earlier than the Government what
was best for the country. After
refuting several arguments urged
bv Mr. Colquhoun in the course of
speech, he proceeded to address
lelf to those gentlemen, who

from the regard which thei
the Government, owing to i1
commercial feeling, were |
vote for a measure which
consciences they disapproi
the House passed this Bill u
notion that a case was mad*
it, and that it would tenc
security of life and proper
would be acquitted by th
sciences ; but he implore
who had no confidence in
itself, and thought it a bad
constitutional measure, and
be supported because it
compauied by other measi
the benefit of England, to <
what an argument they w
giving by their conduct, n
to those who sought repeal
those who went much furtb
therefore called on the Men
they thought this measun
to pass the second reading c
to go into Committee ; but
thought it wrong, to reject
gether; for any trifling
would produce a loss of con
which would not be rcprod
one or even in five years, bu
be an irrecoverable loss n
for ever.

Mr. Disraeli said that
time he should be loth to
Coercion Bill for Ireland
there were now circum
which rendered him moi
than ever to pass such a m
After going through a se
memoranda, which he call
statistics of shuffling, for tl
pose of proving that the
nothing to justify the fact,
the end of June Minister
proposing the second rea<
a measure which they hj
nounced on the 22nd of Janu
declined to enter into the
of the Bill itself. That
task wholly unnecessary,

140]

ANNUAL REOISTEll, 1846. [*•

Tiew than itt own merits, and to
ask several tlisagreeable questions
bofore he could make up his mind
to vote against it. Lord G. Ben-
tinek had declared that he had no
confidence in the GoTemment, and
had, therefore, determined to vote
against this Bill ; hut after the
speech he had made upon the first
reading of it, it did not follow
that if he could get rid of the
present Ministers he would not
propose the very same measure,
and BAck to administer it hy an
executive Government of protec-
tionist members. But why had not
Sir R. Peel the confidence of that
noble lord and his party ? Merely
because he had passed a Corn Bill
which the people of England had
long desired. Leaving Lord G.
Bentinck for a short time, he
turned to Lord J. Russell and his
friends on the Opposition benches.
He traced the history of Coercion
Bills for some years back — showed
that Earl Grey*s coercion Bill,
with its court-martial clauses and
its domiciliary visit clauses, was
the severest Coercion Bill ever
placed on the statute-book ; and
oomplaiued that Lord J. Russell,
who had now changed his opinions
on the subject of coercion, had
never expressed any regret for the
cutting censure which he had east
upon those who then opposed that
measure. He then alluded to the
Coercion Bill introduced in 1835,
which was ouite as severe as tho
present, and read several extracts
from the speeches of the Whigs,
and particularly of Mr. O'Connell
in its support. Owing to these
circumstances, he wanted to know,
before he ousted Sir R. Peel from
office on acoount of this Bill,
wktther he was ousting him for
"^^ bcMfii of those who would
itrodaee it as soon as eonfidenee

in them was restored. He
therefore ask Lord John 1
what the House was to
from him with regard to t*
ministration of the law i
land, provided this Bill wa
cessfuUy opposed on the ]
occasion ? It was well
that, last winter. Lord J. 1
had been called on to fo
Administration. It was aai
the Earl of Bessborough wa
Lord-Lieutenant of IrelaiM
that he was to be so on I
press condition that he she
armed with a Coercion Bill.

Lord J. Russell. — Thai
true.

Mr. Roebuck admitted tbi
that answer the argument
he had intended to raise o
rumour was at an end ;
must remind the House tk
Bill- was first introduced
House of Lords, and that ih
marked supporters of it i
assembly had been the i
friends of Lord J. Russei
had, therefore, every right
lieve that they, too, woulc
tion a Bill like the present
Administration were chang<
considered himself justified I
ing to all these circumi
before he made up his m
the vote which he should gi
night. He found two i
gentlemen under their res
leaders, who had never re
favour of the same measi
fore, ready to vote against
which one of them had su]
and the other would supi
they wore in office. Unl
should receive a distinct inti
from Lord J. Russell that h<
no longer adopt towards
the wild and severe measure
the Whig Government hi
roerly enforced, he should M

imw.] h 1 5 t o r. t

not trte art'if ■:* **r'ii "^^.i-
izs •:■:" :•-= r ... r: w l: _ j ^-
did re::.--, r". i -• .:-.=.-: i. i-

opiii.n »il:l .- •-: -_ ^ _.-- _- -_.
cxpre?s.?i a: ^r :r t-t* ■^.zz.-i '..---

opr*'*: - "p-:-..! : • ii _ i - _l

be"::i:-lri - j--- -_ - 1^
iL\.i.'. :•- ?•-.- rr-r^ .■ "»" _ . -_-

ind.^; -'.1- —i . zz — .

bis •.!*.:. 1 * *;- 5 — " _ - 1 "
one ! :•-— :_----_-: Z-

Borel L" ;-•.— -w— ^i . - :

»ii L : •:- --: - i— -

frl« f In^i. ^ , "^

ntiizn .:':.-:- i i- -• ..--.
i:a:. i T - - -.i : —

4r.; :ii- .-...l r'-

U8]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. t*

doctrines of free trade, he must
repeat that the nohle lord and his
friends had heen hut sudden con-
verts. Let any man read Mr.
Lahoucherc's speech on proposing
the Sugar Duties in 1840, and he
would see that the demarcation
hetween free-labour sugar and
slave-labour sugar was as strongly
laid down in that speech as ever
it had been by Her Majesty *s pre-
sent Government. As to free
trade in com, not long before his
abandonment of office, Lord Mel-
bourne had declared it to be down-
right insanity ; but a change of
opinion suddenly came over his
lordship and the members of his
cabinet, and at a particular mo*
ment, when power was fast depart-
ing from their hands. There was
this difference between the policy
of Sir R. Peel and of Lord Mel-
bourne. Sir R. Peel asserted the
principles of free trade, and there-
by sacrificed his influence, and it
might be his office ; whereas Lord
Melbourne asserted them in order
to gain influence and retain power
thereby. Such being the case,
retractation of his former censures
was impossible, though if those
censures had been conveyed with
too much bitterness he was sorry
for it. He declared that it was
the intention of the Government
to adhere to the curfew clauses,
and not to recede from them on
any account, in case the second
reading of the Bill should be car-
ried. He implored the House to
consider the serious consequences
which were likely to ensue next
winter in case this Bill should be
rejected. Those who doubted of
its necessity ought to resist it ;
but those who were satisfied of
that necessity ought to give it
their cordial support, independent
>f any confidence they might or

might not have in Her Mi
Government, and not rejec
account of any other sec
considerations.

Mr. Laboucherc commei
the singular fact, that Sir
ham should have ventured
the House a lesson on conn
and he denied that hehadeve
the line of demarcation to
Sir J. Graham had refer
tween free-labour sugar an<
labour sugar. He was gra
Sir R. Peel for the Com I
could not on that accouni
him a complete control o
liberties of Ireland.

Mr. Stafford O'Brien si
whatever might be thought
as a curfew Bill, there were
for concluding that it wou
welcome curfew to the exist
ministration. It would exi
lights in a domestic heart
which confidence was entii
eluded; and those who
against it would only be c
the part of a friendly Iria,-

** Quae luctantem animam nex
solveret artus."

In the county in which he
in Ireland, he could not as 8
trate recommend the enfoi
of the clause which punisb
for being out of their hou
tween sunset and sunrise ;
peasantry, who travelled wi
wares from Gal way to Li
were obliged to be on the
night in order to reach L
market early in the mornin
Mr. Hume congratulat
House on the great change
nion which had taken place
years with regard to Coercio
for in former times the oppoi
them had never mustered m<
eighty-nine upon anydivisioi
sideringthe conciliatory expi
used by the members of t

Hi •

If- . :

1503

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. U

into power, he flung ande thoie
instniineDU of molestation ; bat be
bad neTertbeless left the law on
both qaestions in a state of ambi-
gnitj ; and, now that tbe eonntrj
was on the ere of a general election,
be proffered it a Coercion instead
of a Registration Bill. Having
eome into power, he found himself
•nrrounded by difficulties of bis own
creation. There was tbe expres-
sion about ''aliens" used by Lord
Lyndhurst, respecting which he
would not say a word at present, as
be understood that Lord Lyndhurst
had relapsed into Serjeant Copley.
Then there was the fatal step of
raising the most violent partisans
of Orange politics in Parliament to
seats on the judicial bench. Sir
R. Peel had endeavoured, by his
sayings, to counteract his doings ;
yet, between his sayings and do-
ings, there was an antithesis
amounting to contradiction; and
thus, whilst he weakened the at-
tachment of his friends, he did not
succeed in gaining the affection of
his opponents. The consequence
was that the whole of Ireland went
into opposition. Agitation recom-
mencecl with redoubled force. The
Repeal magistrates were dismissed.
Then followed the monster meetings,
the monster indictment, and the
monster trial, wherein the world
beheld with amazement the Liber-
ator of Catholic Ireland tried by
Protestant grocers and Protestant
tallow-chandlers, under the au-
spices of the man who had intro-
duced a most admirable Jury Act
for the people of England. All
this, too, crowned by the decision
of tho Lord Chief Justice of Eng-
land, who gave back the Liberator
to tho embraces of his grateful
countrymen, and converted the
mortal of his prison into an arch of
riumpb. How could they wonder,

then, thai when joatiee lub
committed anicide, the ere
which be had been referring
have affected all clasaea in 1
from tbe highest to the lowei
that, when tbe atmoapbere n
of contagion, the hut of the |
bad not escaped infection ?
not a change of the eonal
which was necessary to aa
commonwealth; but to aa'
constitution and the common
along with it, a change of
was imperatively required.
Normanby, Morpeth, Dnm
Wolfe, and O'Loghlin, in t]
vemment of Ireland, the A
stration was in sympathy wi
people ; and the result waa
social and political. The t
of crime decreased, and tlH
her of pr»dia1 outrages re^
diminished, and the result wi
the same now, if their polio
adopted. Turning, then,
merits of the Bill before the 1
he called upon the Govemn
explain why, if they consid<
to be indispensable, and n
opinion that murder could
arrested without it, they h;
convened Parliament early
vember, especially as thej
then aware that two other
questions must be introduc
multaneously with it ? He th<
ceeded to contend that no ca
been made out either for thi
which was to last for three
or for the original Bill, whic
to have been perpetual. Th
Ministers had been oblig
abandon; but their animu
been displayed, and the gt
volition was in that case aln:
great as that of perpetratioi
conclusion, he argued tha
Bill was not fitted for a
like Ireland, and that it
Btimolate that agitation

Eu^.]

HISTORY.

[ISl

Vinisten dreaded so much, but
which they had done bo little to re-
pmi. The alteration which the
repetl of the Com Laws wonld pro-
duce ia the condition of Ireland
enght to render them particularly
etntioos in the measorea vhicli
thcT adopted, for, though the re-
petl of the Com Lamg would nn-
doabtedlj be beneficial to that
coiiiitrT in the long ran, its fi r»t
effect would be to expel manj a
Cromwellian from his mortgaged
Mtite, and thej ought to Uike
9ftrr means in their power to pre-
Viat loeh men, who had hitherto
\Hn their allies, from swelling the
luki of the partisans of repeal

The Solicitor-General defended
ike Bill at great length. The If ar-
qvii of Chandos could not curtmr
vith the partT with which be bad
latelj been acting, in opposir.g u^
Bill; on the coutr&rr. be ft^ilML-
•df called upon to fST-xtcri it Lt
B«cei»arT to the represfci-r. cf trjift
ud the maiDtenacce cf law llc
jwtiee. Hi* belief va*. iLkz iu:
for the repeal of iLe Cf n Liv-
this Bill would tire :r*-L tLrri*L
hr the Terr p&nie* "«}.c- ▼*:•» iicv
•oiniioQi to opf-:?* it ]tr JLg-
ierlej also comnic-r :« vii w.^nti
•ereriiT on the wtJai-t o: lit-n :»«-?
«D the Protect ioLiri i.ii vVit tv
tieked ih:» BiL kIc't ft? tb* ru'.
pose of obtain :r.g a reitirt m UJt
Go* eminent wLitVi tLi tarrjec li*
itpeal of the Cc-n* La^s.

Mr. New derate mjt Lt l*oi^
•cientlouslj ct-j-OKrd ilit LJL "ia-
etase he wc:^d sit p^aK ibt pi-wt-
•hich it «'tferT*<i iii tie i:kx»ti> -.r
• GoTomnceLi il wLi^t irf iibt xii
eoDfidenee. >f nor Btreefirt «*ni-
ported the tsoe view. He o»?«i#«
the Bill OTijcFt aitd irriuruut ii
belaaJ.

Lord IngMtre deeiarec 'ris anei.-
tioBttot t«Toce as all vpu v* BIL

Mr. CobdcB wished sa aar a few
words as to the spirit of i^ie wcnc
which be was abom m grrc. Lord
6. Bentinck bad aaid ibai ciitj
boncat man oogbs a^ jois m da «iib»-
manr jnstiee tzpoa ibe nikxxnr. imw-
erer mnch be TLigit iore tW x^cs-
son. Tlffxu tl'if v-feft SOS a vine m
the rciercii.s BIIL i*g a TiO* of aii
ec>n£deTke« u ibe {yi^veniibein.
Nov. be reiiodiaiec vurL ll mijns:
cC'nFtructi&L ul lii* ^ini in was
abc'Ui t& r-r«. He abuuu. M ao
in» agsixiftt itfipiufc* mimiui.. ]f bt
gare LIT s^ufrt. -({M* . ill* ZM ta-

dsciefl was die hiim: iMipiuBr tuaz
L7.T Kziiater i.-uLit xic^f vnmaec.
St iL. J>ti. ijic szuAL iiac ut
w:<Mc nauL or -fiJ. i**- OK liH
Wr^'i TTtf.-: ueermxxstiQL ue rat

like tM xibUif iijrt. tiunr^ cauasT
17 ^iTiiug biack 11 aa wjaib t* «?**«
a iJL-iicua&- rxr-iiOPL I:- ^-tza. m

a fiiL'j:** •■•73. tli- r *^ .-?* *▼-
dcir -uir t - Zr.u^ *nix ♦••-x *
to: -• u** i-r^ fcrg.T - z.^ x:.i«
im. ETtL 1.S 'rrrzi^- 1. z *?^r»

innL uir -r '-■.—. V- r^jt i>:

£LiL-f*< — ^* Z-iiAT .-— -srs- "sr
miL \iM*r\ T'**- :*.::-ji,r -- fccinxtf.

I5f]

-ANNL'AL REGISTER. 1846. {B»^md

, he vmU eurj with lixm xhe
a&d gratitude of a greater
nnmber of tLe pc*p&l&tias of tbii
empire iLui had erer foUoved the
retires»eDt of axtj other MiziisuT.
He temlered his ovq thanks to Sir
E. Peel for the great abilitr and the
vnevenriiig finmie^^ with which he
had condocted. dunog the last &ix
2D0Dth«, one of the uio^t magnincent
refonns ever effected in anr conn-
t/j.

After this speech the House di-
Tided. The niiinber& were as fol-
lows : —

For the second reading 219
Agabstit .... 292

Majority against the
Government . . 73

Owing to the length of the
debates on this Bill and the many
interruptions which had opposed its
progress, the result just narrated
did not take place until the 26th
June. By a curious coincidence
it happened that on that very even-
ing the Corn Law Bill jiassed in
tlio Ilou*fC of Lords, so that the
same day wliich hrou;;1it the great
eoiiiniercial nnmHurc of Sir 11. Peel
to a HUfM'oMHful ihKuc in one House,
witnoMHcd tlio lU^feat of his Goverii-
niiMit by a combination of parties in
tlio f»tlK*r. Thin ivsult had been
for somti tiuK! anticipated, and the
ri*lir(mi4Mit of the CuUHervative Go-
vornmont regarded as an inevitable
oviMit NO Hoon i\H the great object of
tlii<ir retention of |M)wor had been
ncconipliHhfMl. It was generally
believed that tho i.sMUo was one
whii'h (ho Priiuo Miuistor himself
eoht««mphitiMl with no dinsati^fac-
tlou. Tho int(«Hii(enco which ar-
rived from Amorioa juHt at this time
Aiutounoing the settlement of the
UrD^foii question, and the generally

pro«^>eroiis eoiiditioB of the tnte
and finances of the couDtiy, na-
dered the crisis an anspieioiiB oam
for the retirement of the Ministiy^
and threw a genial light apon ta^

apon
ithel

dcAe id its career. L pen \

of Jn&e the event was

in both Honses, the Duke of Wd

lington appearing for the last I
as the spokesman of Got
in the House of Lords. He 1
briefly declared the terminatioii i
its functions : —

*' Ht Lords : I have to ann
to Tonr Lordships, that Her
jesty's Ministers have tendered %^m
Her Majesty their resignatioii umm
the offices which they have hdd a^M
Her Majesty *s service ; in eoua^tf
quence of which. Her Majesty Im^V
sent for a noble Lord, with a vies^V
to his forming another Adminiitw »■
tion to conduct the affairs of thi^V
Government of this country. M]^
Lords, this information will pfO^*—
bably induce your Lordships U^
think that it would be desirable t^
suspeud the discussion of measures
which might become matters of
controversy in this House, until
those who are to have the honour
of being Her Majesty's servants i»
])ublic offices shouhl have an oj^
portunity of forming their arrange-
ments, and should be able to come
down to this House to transact the
public business. (** Hear, hear !")
My Lords, there is one question
fixed for consideration in this House
on Thursday ne:ct. I see a noble
friend near me (the Earl of Powis)
who has given notice of his inten-
tion to move the second reading of
the Bangor and St. Asaph's See
Bill on Thursday ; and I would sub*
mit to my noble friend the expe-
diency of postponing that motion
for the second reading of that Bill
imtil Her Majesty's servants shall
be in this House to attend a dis«

tender their resignation to tbcir
Sovereign. If he hnd had anj
eomplaint to make respecting the
course taken by the Uouse, the
present was not an occasion for
making it ; and he should there-
fore abstain from uttering a sin-
gle syllable which might provoke
either irritation or controversy.
Such a controversy would be at
once unsuited to the magnitude of
Uie occasion, and at variance with
the feelings which animated him to-
wards those gentlemen on his own
side of the House, who had given
btm on all occasions a cordial and
generous support, and towards those
gentlemen on the opposite benches
who had also actively co-operated
with him in forwarding measures
which they both deemed for the
interest of the country. Hoping,
therefore, that no expression would
escape from him calculated to pro-
voke that controversy which he de-
precated, he informed the House
that Her Majesty had accepted the
tender of resignation made by her
Ministers, and that his colleagues
and himself only held office until
their successors were appointed.
He assured them that ho had not

any Uovi
power whiS
into etfect
decerned !ic
welfare; nu
present G*j>«
drawal— *ll>
perhaps — ♦»«'

tijfoit* SUfi

think it pf.
have heex,
themielvei
country, t
ni sir at ton *
therefore
accept ih
services I v
to the exc]
possessed I:
the Porlian
frankness s
no 0T»e» ht
i] eel are tk
Government
ill all their
ofcomraereii
rccomniende
iUm tt'bieh ht
to insure for
most complel
a case he i
the dissolotio

nrnnf ittA/1 ihn irtAnanrAA onnnontf^A th« rimwii • f*

156]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [^

cial adrantages, but would mau*
fully pursue that course which
was most conducive to British
interests. He admitted that the
surplus of the revenue for the
coming year was less than he
could nave wished it to be ; and
therefore, while he recommended
to his successors the application of
the principles of commercial policy
adopted during the present Session,
he would not urge them to that si-
multaneous adoption of them which
would either be injurious to in-
terests which had long been ac-
customed to protection, or would
create a derangement in either the
revenue or currency of the country.
He was now speaking of his own
intentions rather than of the in-
tentions of others ; but he could
not doubt that those who had sup-
ported him would give the same
support to similar measures pro-
posed by others. He did not think
it necessary that he should make
any other observations ; but he
could not surrender the power,
which he had now wielded during
five years, without expressing a
hope that, during that time, nei-
ther the interests nor the honour
of the country had been com-
promised. He thought that he
could say, with truth, that in that
time the burdens of taxation had
been equalized ; that many restric-
tions on commerce affecting trade
injuriously had been removed ; and
that, without interfering at all
with legitimate speculation, sta-
bility had been given to our
monetary system by measures
passed for the regulation of the
Bank of England, the joint-stock
banks, and the private banks of
the country — measures which had
met the general support of all
parties. He trusted, also, that
iho stability of our Indian empire

had not been affected
policy of the Govemmei
that the glory of the
arms, by sea and land, hi
maintained in every part
globe by the achievement!
soldiers and sailors. A
there had been great rec
in the public burdens, yet
great satbfaction in saYii
the national defences ha
improved by sea and lai
that the army and the na*
now in a most efficient stat
hoped that he might cong
the House upon we fact t
finances of the country w<
buoyant state, and that ilM
of the revenue, for the
ending on the 5th of nes
showing as it did an in
consumption of articles, h
plied the void occasioned
remission of certain art
taxation. He thought '
might also say, that with<
harsh enforcement of tl
there had been as greai
ence to it in Great Bri
Qt any former period
history — nay, more, that
sequence of the people h
greater command over th<
sarics of life, there had be<
of contentment and less
tious crime during his A
tration than at any previoi
After paying a just and
served compliment to the
Aberdeen, for his successfv
tenanco of a peaceful pel
expressed a hope that '.
left the foreign relations
country in a satisfactory co
Not only France, but alltl
great powers of Europe, n
sirious to co-operate with u
maintenance of peace. C
have entertained any privf
for the continuance of nis <

ii

HISTORY

'ir

t in office, he cv-j'-i hirt
it to survive ib^ dsr -.z,
itelligenco 'bo-jl-a S? r*--
•<.«m i];e Unit.:-! SiriT-?* l*
esult uf i>'ir la?: f.::r:_:T

the J i fc' reii c-e* 1-: : ^--^ -.
Jritain and ih-? UriM-i

He ihon r^ecurr^d ::
?e ho"!r, "w-i:hin t^:- clj*
? Briii-1: Gv-'.rr.=sti^: lfc£

from the Preri-I-.-T ;f
fd r!»tati.-* T'.v ri:.:'>: iIa:
rtin^ C'j::v.. liTiirj i.""':r:
Z*jTi torritorv -waA :; :-;:-
at the ci'-rv •:: iir;'.'*
accMn.rianir^'i ■w-i^V. l S---
that the n:t;cv ^n sr'-.^z.
spe that :: :i::r"' : '.'-iz :
Me lermina::- 1: r: l1 ':;«-
er Ma;'??:v'? «r v.: .—.-.-: it

hesitat'd. l.'.'l -ji .>
arbitriii:- n *.:.i >.•■;- r*-
) >f«ec::y zn^zj'klj. iZfi lz
• tenns cii "w*l"..'l .: v->'-^:.
to the T'r.r:.?":!- :: tLit

11"* sausZAriinr fr •'*':«-Tr^ r^ni
£t:f£ "^^tfsTinir-Tai. -u* . :-.a .'in-'.

:•* :^""f£ ! V He* ILx*!-**^"* .- '• '».■"!!.

n-.'i" LiiL !»4*in ^■•■••■T»»-*t ri- ■?:-
v-ti.-iuT 111* uuurri'n. »r ati«Ta:':i

"li»c 1 "^ "Uj'ji' ii!'»u-*^4:".'ii. >?"t r:-
m ""' nrirrui*. •••»ii-i:u:"'-T r^'r^*'
b VL.- t'ui'ji ▼its n cjii-rT- r
!«r*^Li_:L:r '"•u" i*'*'"w^-—7z T!re3:. ::

FT«"i Iff 111"!" — •111211 •'■I »•!•-< gnf

♦••mill '1 ii-nriimisr: szj^ ^^'ti,
r. :' 111' I i»^'»i.-Ti »~'.r. ^^ -«.: l-

n-r I iJ-'"T- II :" --^--ixi.:^
^'f?i-::i««:-!i!r. .a- x-- t^*-^.'l 1-?-_i

11:1- UJ» I-ii- 'T r. -:r"-rrf. .li*^

:i'-iE.L:ir-L t« iii* * r.:i->.- ."•it?-

. Tfiv Prv-::- T : ::.*

Lift '.V*.-::.!-- ^:- 1. -:'-

Sta!.:-. ii r-.-i.t— .;::

»'jT."!ltl-t T!-i "»-' ■•

ad rvivrr*. i :":.:l^ :,: ::i'-:

1— •: !•• r-.TT^-r::" 1 2.- jm"IL-J

f«=-nat- : r.r.l :: •> .>-:•.?,"•

•::.i.- •»''•..-'• >.- -L:r--f — ---

1 tl.n- -:.:::•' "-i-.: i :.l-

l...T»- !.* -' -^.. .r--_— - -_- r

a* ih*? P'r»rr: ir IT. .!.:_.--

'UL- .'-..— •_-;—.: - - --■ ""

idvji,--.i :lir.: ii-.v ?:.-.:.i-.

""ur.-. ^Tsi-r '^- --rr-i. ■ii-'-r

tod. Hv ::.•-. ^-i.>-i r:,

ii •: -'U' i- I*- - " -::••'

be. lir-:. :h^: ::.^ 1 -.. ^

Iim;-— :: *.— — - "^ • —

u Tvrr!:-ry -•.^■■:■I '.■ ■:••':■-

"1.-1. V lii'j. - ■ _ .. • '.'

l-«n2' 'V.T 4"^'?r. T=hri. '..-■. •**

T'— c uv.'i r..- --- :

rvui V,'.r:o- j-. •=■• '- I - .i.:i'.

•i ! '* • "T ::: ---• . '-I •"-.:

ace v'::L-:iv : ■::.. } i..

..i.:i. ..■:.• n...- - -r: - -^

■an. •.-: f'jci:. -'"-l ••'

I'a'i T* ;: --:-'-: ' ■ ■

iide. f'pvTi t-:^ *• :? :"»*•"-•••?

r r.i r-ui-. ▼ - •--' - — . *

ndiv. thai :':.- :-l^ .riT'»i.

?*rJ;.>r-f-- ' — -1 —

great L'.r::.* "t. I'rui.'i

JiK''»:iiA 1"...-- ''

1 to a] J Brii-i •-i.- •.»•'■>

Iii4:i*- •/ ?i--— '^- >?*^'--' :

of Wi:rLT, Lt i »•'- ui*'.

:r»«ai I'^'cr --r-'**"^- ' -^- t. -»

158]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [«'«|l««*

W no other desire than that of
pcoaiociii^ the interests of the
wvuacrr. \^Chefr$.) Our object
«a« tv> Avert iljin«;:er9 which we
thv*U):hc wi*ro iaiminont* and to
av\vd * con ti ice that we believed
wvuld <vva pUoo in hostile colli-
»r\*R jCrcAc and powerful classes in
ih:» K*ou:urY The love of power
was !io« iho moiiro for the pro-
!fg«Al of ;he»o measures ; for. as
! ^.oo ^:u botorv\ I had not a
dt^u^^ ■.*•..»:. whecUer those luea-
vj ^>* '•\*r^» *^.^v:tIlMv.•ed with fail-
•t.v .». n •>. *acw**. one event

J^H^.i r >i •»: ix;. ,VV,17. Asd that waS,

w V. -tr t.*.:.;t .•: :he c\'«ence

V\* jia ••. '.'^a: ::!■* wua,

iiH-^V .% <.- »c • »^i -"ve ot -.va-jT

•i'l"***' .* *■ *« '.l 'nV •••.''• ;^,,»

.,. . «. ».< v.\ \i . ^ .. ^ >o-v;.-'-\->*
V»«»- •■ , ,M I ,,.. ^i » .,^ , .^ '.'vr'n
- ^'- -^* V '■ • ■ •. to:-.^:"!

\ i >

me — I aay that neither of us tn
the parties who are strictly en*
titled to the merit. There has bees
a combination of parties, and that
combination' of parties, together
with the influence of the Gorem-
ment, has led to the ultimate sik-
cess of the measures. But, Sir,
there is a name which ought to be
as:iociated with the success of
these measures : it is not the
name of the noble lord the mem-
ber for London, neither is it my
name. Sir, the mime which ought
to be, and which will be associated
with the success of these measures,
is the name of a man who, acting,!
believe, from pure and disinterested
motives, has advocated their canie
wich unting energy, and by appeak
to reason, enforc^ by an eloquence
the more to be admired became
it was unaffected and unadorned^
:he nanie which ought to be and
whioh will be associated with the
>ucve^ of these measures is the
zariio of Richard Cobden. (lAnd
j't-fffrt Without scruple. Sir, 1
i::7'..v-:tf the success of these mea-

■ >-.r. I *hdU now close th^
i.i'i-v** w'::".o*:i ic ha* been my dut^
:,• -.-ai?. :i:.aak:ni: the House sin—
.■•;--v r- - :i:o tjTour with whirls-
ris -^rrT-i-d to this my last
i : ; -.'-s* ■■■: riy odioial capacity.
'\ • ■, i -fv 2:::r*. pn/oably. that
H •V •*': V.1 I hive held for a
■V ■« ii •:' ?.-. yoA:> will be sur-
-.«.:..-.--■.• ?- ; :!-: f.a-.i* of another;

V* *"i3 «.■■-: repiaing. and

^ V .i •• i::-.'..i.r: — -wth a more

• ■, -•■•■•. 'X.-:.: .: ;i!e 5upport
..111 .. .r i.ic.'..v' W-' .-h. I have re-

• • ii M' ^ -li.' 7r7«**:t:onwhich,
.=« ■■•.; » ^••.•11 : ■>»»•• :d. I have
Mv. ! t ...-:», ; *;m. , I fear, leave

»<K'- »■ I i ia.:;»* wTcrely cen-
•■.i.v\* ». na.i ' 'j;iT'M-abie men
■»«K«. »it ■•ii»i;i: pr^orsrf. deeply

TORY.

[159

e msteranee of party ties
ie^Xy rei^t that ftever-
from &nj interested or
motives, but because tbey
idelitj to party, the ex-
f a great party, and the
nee of a great party, to
rful instrutnents of good
int. I ahall iurrender
Bverely censured, I fear,
r honourable men, whOp
interested motives, have
to the principles of pro-

fcluse they looked upon
portant to the welfare
Bsta of tbe country. I aball
Dame execrated. I know,
iDonopolist — (Laud cheers
iffkter) — who, professing
Je opinion», would main-
lection for his own indi-
enefit. But it may be
all be sometimea remem-
ith expressions of good-
hose places which arc the
^ men whose lot it is to
nd earn their daily bread
reat of their brow ; in such
>erbapB» my name may be
»red with expressions of
I, when they who inhabit
■ecruit their exliausted
with abundant ami untaxed
I sweeter because no longer

with a sense of injustice/*
ind long-continued cheer-
ring tchkk Sir Robert
unied his seat.) When the

had subsided,
obert Peel again ros^e, and

I have received a com-
ion from the noble lord
jrvices have been required
Majesty ; and I trust, in
ity with his wish, the
will unanimously support
ion I now make, namely.

llonsc at its rising do ad-
1 Friday next, * ' { Cheers. )

Palmers ton rose to ex-

press his concurrence in this pro-
posal, and also in the wish that tho
House should abstain from enter-
ing upon topics likely to produce
discussion. He proceeded to ob-
serve, that if he abstained from
following Sir. R» Peel into tho
defence of his Administ ration, ha
must not he supposed to hava
either abandoned or retracted any
opinion which he had formerly ex*
pressed upon it. The silence of
his friends and himself must not bo
construed into any acquiescence in
the commendations which the right
honourable baronet had Just passed
upon his own Government. Ha
thought that 8ir R. Peel had
shown a proper deference to iha
House in thus bowing to its opi-
nion, and that he had stated very
correctly that the present waa not
an occasion on which he could pro-
perly have recommended the dis-
soUitiuti of Parliament. He was
glad to hear him announce the
principles on which he thought
that the Government of Ireland
ought to he conducted in futura.
Declining to follow him into many
of his other observations^ he re-
marked, that he could not pass by
one of the topics of his speech
without cjc prefixing t!ie deep plea-
sure which he (Lord Pnlmerston)
had received from Sir R. Peel's
announcement that the unfortunate
differences which had existed for
some time past between England
and llje United Stales had been
brought to a termination which
was equally honourable to all par-
ties. Sir R. Peel had well said
that the sncccas of the great mea-
bure just passed was not so much
due tu the Whigs on one side of
the House or to tho Tories on
the other, as to the talents, per-
severance, and eloquence of Rich-
ard Cobden. In the language

k

160]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [En^Uni.

which he had used Sir R. Fed had
paid a dr^crrod complimrat to his
hnnonnihic friend ; hut the House
and xho countrr would look he-
yond that compliment, and would
M^ in Mr. Cohdcn, not onlj a
CToai improver of onr commercial
rode, hilt also a cjcat resnlt of
r« r1 iamen tarv reform — that nv
ftvm. which was the itonrce of Sir
K TeelV recent power, and which
had enf»>i1ed him. thou^rh he had
oppo9«oil it. ro ]iride himself on
hjiMnjt CAiTie^l hiS' present poller
ihiviich the Uonse of Commons.

\li Hnmr eoncratnlated Sir
K4Nj»,'>;i Ti^ol Aiiil the conntrr on
iW xii,'«,v«xx!nl rerminiiijon of the
l'i%"*c ix^Ac >ivtic^c\c. He eiin>!dejiMl
ih«( Sii K•^hcli hftil rendered snch
A iii«Mx?«v i4% h\> CiMiniri- as wonld
\%N).%Hkid ftM c^vT t»^ ihe honour of
h»» )\Ani«^ >\ hoM he e«me into
,\lh.v ho f.%in)«) t)»r e»^«nu■J^ enpired
u\ wA) . Aki.) )io «A> m:iv Thftt no
o.Nt>».OAii,\n %»,M»)ii W prejiier to
hu« i)>ji!t i)iAi i«hiN« he ]r!^ oftee
h»- )»^rt ii Ai j»j\«,H^ ^jih a\\ the

^■.mKI Uo liA.] *K.^ V'^ hi* JlTeJIt

m«vAsiii^« «(^-.mn1.n) ^a\\ «Ykd ample

».'.')« O 1 »\« \\\^ ^r.\ y^ ,s\ \\\ ^« I ,^f ^*Ji|^^ I jj

and indnstrj, and for which he
deserrcd as much or more credit
than any predecessor in office.
\^lien this measure was properir
carried out it would confer the great-
est benefits on the ci^ ilized world.
Mr. Hume therefore regretted,
that at this moment circumstances
should compel the right hon. ba-
ronet to reugu the helm of power ;
and he was stire that his retir^
ment was the source of regret and
a matter of sympathy with Bul-
lions. ("Hear, hear!'*) No one
ever left power carrying with bim
so much of the sympathy of the
people. ( " Hear, hear V* ) He
would Tcnture to say, that tboae
honourahle gentlemen who were
now opposed to him on this great
question, would hefore many yean
elapsed r^rret the course whii^
they had taken, and would hecome
oonrcrts to the system he advo-
cated. ("Hear, hear!'*) He
indiridually felt the greatest grtti-
lude to Sir Rohert Peel for the
manner in which he had carried
out this great measure.

Sir Robert Peel's motion wss
then agreed to.

EMfflamt.]

CHAPTER VI.

Formation of Lord John RtaxeU's Administration — Programme of th^
principal Officen — The tunc MinisterH vacate their setUs^ and are elected
irif/i BCiirceh/ any opposition — Zkhate in the Hotite of Commons on the
policy of tfie net€ Government — Obacrvations of Mr, Evelyn Denison
upon its construction — Mr. T. Duncorrihe ttrges Lord John Russell
to make an ej!'pUcit statement of the primipfes on ivhivh he is pre-
pared to net — S^ieech of Lord John Russell in answer — Remarks
of Mr, B. Osborne, Mr. B, Efcott, Mr. Wakley, Mr. Newdegate,
Mr, Ward, Mr, Horsvum^ and other Members — 77*^ Sugar Duties —
Temporary Bills for their cnnlinuance — Lord John Russell j)roj>oses
Resolutions for a Permanent Settlentent of the Question on the 20th of
July — Details of his plan — Remarks of Mr. Goulhumy Lord George
Bentinck, and Mr, Hume — The Zh'hat^ is adjourtied to tJw ^21 th of
July — Oti the Motion that the Houss go into Committee on the
Rjfunlutinns^ Lord George Ben ti nek profjoses an Amendment hos-
tile to the MinUterial Achnne — Speeches of Lord George Bentinckt
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert Inglis, Lord Sandon,
G, Berkeley, Sir J, Hogg, Sir Robert Peel, Sir T. Acland,
J*. MiUs, Mr. Borthmck, the Marquis of Granby, Mr. Hume,
.S^ff^al, Mr. K. Denisojt, Mr, Barclay, Mr. Disraeli, and Lord
^7ohn Tlussell — The Amendment is rejected by 265 to 1135 — Various
Am^ulmeyits on the Resolutions are proposed and uithdrawn — llie
Earl of Clorendmi mores the FirH Reading of the Bill in the Howus
Li*rds—Lord Stanley mtwex that the Bill be read a jint time that
three montlis — Lord Denman and Lord Brougham speak against
Bill on Anti-Slavery grounds — TJie Marquis of Lansdowm, Earl
Grey, and other noble Lords support it, and the First Reading is
carried without a Division — The Second Reading is opposed by the
Bishop of (hrford, who nioveit an Amendment, irhich is seconded by
i^h4 Dishop of London — The Marquis of Lansdowne lindicates the
re, and the Bill is affirmed on a Dtvisinn by 28 tc 10.

A FEW days after the pro-
ceedings in ParliamoTit
ftted in the Ust cltapter, the
[tfrtmction of Lonl J. Uusseir^
Vol. LXXXVIIL

Administration waft made known
to the puhlic. The distribution
of the principal offices of State
was as follows : —

.EGIiT::il. I.f40. [EHgknd.

■;'"nniL'ii: nun :■: proceeding

I'.- J '-u !•: V .-uKl State

. ' ' ■'■.-TTni'.ni Ma:i t::Ii rcfpott

■:Z"r . ut:! -i. and then

;■...::: lo ••'i-iiUTa:i'.»n of it

■*".«■ ■ i-M ■i-.n>«j ir'.-m tLc

■:r.ir:;i:i a -.f tbe

, :• •-:.'. .'.- ,i..»ii'L at the

1.: :.„■ - • — i -iior. Bill,

.. .i--- 3111. r-.T ihc

. ._ ■ :-. "^-^-ir I'utio;.

- • ■ ■ '-ivr 3iII=, Go-
■ ; : .: ->•! ^. pr-K-et^l in

— ■■.■:! Tiik the
. "111. ^t:ia^ the

- . ■ _^ ' ...a STitle-

..- -.L-ifiri Jc-

-..iio..-' 3;iL the

1 "..'.. j.'l :iiti Iriih

-.- - - J.1 :iirr Bills

..■-■. : Ir'.'iiinti

... «.. -r -:^:?are*'

■ • --^A." * Z7 --*2iitl«L 3. -

1 Lr« : loni*-'

"T _l-.l I'^rbt -==

.,':■: ^-.ai'-a -^

I'.nt ot
.: Irx.lai:d iioit

i

England.]

HISTORY.

[163

Mr. Evdjn Denison expressed

Hi3 clisapprobation of the arrange-
ment for proceeding in the present
*3esaion with the Poor Reinoval Bill,
Ind then proeeeded to critieize the
[instruction of the liovernment.

Of the constitution of the new
lovemmcnt he entertftined great
-hopes of the good effects
which their measures were Uktly
produce in Ireland ; but the
jnistry appeare<l to labotir under
great defect. It contained
elements of power and
th, hut it wanted a just
^equate representation of the
interest ; the g^reat towns
represented, and the lords
more than enongh reprc-
ated, and the Anti-Corn-Law
ague was represented ; hiit ho
in vain for a powerful
parliamentary representation of
.the landed interest. It was true
at the Cabinet contained Lord
iin»downe, a nobleman of large
it^ensions in England, and larger
in Ireland ; there were also
ord Grey and Lord Morpeth ;
at the latter represented rather
be commercial interests of the
ITest Riding than the agricnltu-
%\, and he had besides become
subscriber to the League ; Earl
|n?y*B opinions were so eitreme
bat it was diflScidt to classify
dm. Mr. Charles Wc>od, the new
(Jhaneellor of the Exchequer, could
^noi he considered an ally of the
^^Kricnltural interest. He repeated,
^^^^ the landed interest were not
^^^^■l&tely represented in the new
^^PUvrnment ; and, if such a repre-
^^nitation would be useful in ordi*
^^ary times, it was peculiarly so at
the time when the agricultural in-
est had received a rude shock.
Ir. Buncombe rose to repeat
question which he had asked
J. Hussell on a former night,

and to ascertain what were the
prijieiplca on which his Government
was formed, and what was the po-
licy which he intended to pursue ?
At present the House were so ig-
norant on that subject that nobody
knew where to sit. According
to all former par h amen tary usage,
whenever a new man was ap-
pointed Prime Minister, it was fclfc
t« be a part of his duty to explain
the principles on which he intended
his Government to be conducted.
If the noble lord had said that
be wouhl act on the principles of
Earl Grey's Administration, or of
Lord Melbourne's Administration,
he could have understood his
meaning ; but when the noble
lord talked of bis principles and
his opinions, he puzzletl him ex-
ceedingly. People asked to which
of his opinions Lord John Russell
intended to adhere, and at what
time those opinions were expressed ?
He had been told that Lord John
Russell had applied to Sir Robert
Peel to lend him three drstiiiguitihed
Members of his Government ; and
ho now asked the noble lord whe-
ther he really had apphed to his
great rival for that loan? He
hnd read in the Weckhf Chronicle
an article to that effect vevj ably
written, as every thing was that
proceeded from the pen of the
Secretary of the Admiralty (Mr.
Ward) ; but he did not give any
credit to the jumour until he had_
read it in Tiw Times, which wa
now the Government organ, ^io€^
the Ohronifh^ superseded. When
he saw it pubhcly stated that
the noble lord had applied to 8ii*
Robert Peel for the loan of these
three distinguished gentlemen, and
that he had been informed by Sir
Robert Peel that he did not think
that they would join the new Go*
vernment from a fear of being ac*
[M2]

161]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [J!ngla,id.

cusod of too groAi a lore of place,
lie I Mr. DuiKviube' was inclined to
•^ll. w;ih ilio nVti7y Chronicle,
why iliil not i\w niible lord take
tlio whole of tho lato Cabinet ?
Ho wouM havo had an able Se-
erotarv of Siaio f^T the Home
iK'^^rtniom. and an old and
exuoriciiood Chanoollor of the
Kxchoi]uor. whoso budgoid had
bravtHl tho l>att!o and tho breeze.
When such th':n;rs wore stated
to have ooourrxul. and wore cer-
titiod bv the »iovoruniont organ,
would anv i»no venture to say
that no oxplanaiion was required i
Mr. T. Puiioonibo also oallod on
I.ol^l John UussoU to explain his
ojMnions upon tb.o Irish Church.
Was ho prt^pAri'd to act on the
principK^s which ho had declared
in March lv'^4r>, when ho said that
ho supported tho incn.'a>vHl irrant
to Mavuooth incivlv as a prelude
to tho pavnient of tho Roman
I'atholic Clorjry hv tho State?
J'.arl (iroy went even still further
at that time, and stated that he
would lake the revenues of the
Irish Chuivh for odueatiiuial pur-
poses, nnd would apply them tirst
to the education of the Koman Ca-
thv»iics. as it was from the Koman
Catholics that they were taken,
lie hoped that Lord John Russell
was actuated by tho >.imo princi-
ples, auil if so. ho should bo most
happy to >upport him. Ho then
ahketl the noble li»rd whether he
Wiiuld support any extension of the
franchise, or whether he intended
to adhere to his old opinions on
tho tinality of tho Rofonn Rill.
Advertiu«j to tho restriction of the
hours of labour in factories, he
tohl tho noble b>rd that ho now
had it in his power to carry out
a ten hours* Rill ; antl he hoped
that, as the ntddo lord had voted
in favour of shortening tho hours

of labour, he would not leaye that
subject in the hands of private
individuals, but would introduce
a Bill on it himself, and carrj
it through Parliament by the in-
fluence of Government. For the
sake of all parties, the intentions
of the Administration ought to be
known.

Lord John Russell explained
the reasons which had induced
him to abstain from answering
Mr. Thomas Buncombe's question
on a previous evening, lie had
thought it unnecessary that he, who
had for so many years constantly
taken an active part in that House
in the discussion of public ques-
tions, should now make an ex-
]dicit declaration of his opinions.
Mr. Denison and Mr. Duncombo
had both made several comments
on the constitution of his Govern-
ment. Considering the vast extent
of the commerce and manufactures
of this country, he thought that
it would be a juster criticism than
that which Mr. Denison had made
on the composition of the Ministry,
to say that there were too many
Members of it connected, by their
families, with land, and too few
connected with commerce. He
would not, however, enter into
that question. A Government was
not to be formed for tho exclusive
bonetit of either land or commerce,
but for the general benefit of all
the interests of the country ; and
it was by the degree in which it
accomplished that end that its con-
duet was to be estimated, and not
by the amount of income which
its Members derived from land
or fnmi commerce. Ho admitted
that he had asked Lord Dalhousie,
Lord Lincoln, and Mr. S. Herbert,
to do him the honour of becoming
his colleagues in the Government.
It was his opinion that he shoidd

not ask aid of tbose from whom lie
differe-d widely in political opinion ;
Vat, at the same time, he tliouglit
1 it of consequence to the honour of
'the Sovereign and to the welfare
of the country, that a ministry
shouhi Ue formed combining in
Is different members the greatest
possible amount of public con-
fidence. Now, with regard to all
great questions which had
en agitated within the last two
fears, he found himself agreeing
opinion with those distinguished
colleagues of Sir Robert Peel.
^o had agreed with them in the
P measures abolishing monopoly, and
^ establishing free trade, and also in
I the measures necessary to coneiliato
* IrcJaud ; and, therefore, he saw no
Plosa of honour ou their part or big
[own in seeking a junction between
Vthem, They had declined bij^ offer
I in teriLn* very courteous to himself
^personally ; but he coidd not re-
Fproach himself with any dereliction
^ of duty to his Sovereign in having
Pmade them that offer. He then
[proceeded to state tliat he con-
sidered it necessary to combine in
bffice those who agreed on the
principles on which the Adminis-
t rat ion was to be conducted, but
that he did not consider it neces-
eary that they should agree on every
question which might come before
Parliament. Such was the mode
in which statesmen of great naraea
had formed their Adminis'trations —
OS for instance, Mr. Pitt, in 1784,
Mr. Fox, in 18(H>, and Lord Liver-
ol subsequently. Sir R. Feel
had aimed at a greater union of
r opinion and identity of conduct
I than either Mr. Pitt, or ilr. Fox,
or Lord Liverpool. But though
^if Robert Peel, from his great
ftli^nts, bad succeeded in that at-
fipt, he did not think it likely
th&t any person wouhl succeed

again. lie said this, because
there were several points upon
which the Members of his Ad-
ministration were not agreed in
opinion. For instance, with ro*
spcct to the Irish Church, lie did
not concur himself in the opinions
of Earl Grey. He then stated tlie
intentions of hiniself and his col-
leagues witli respect to Ireland.

Mr. Osborne conld not tell what
the effect of the declarations which
had just been made hy Lord J.
Russell might be out of doors ; but
he was quite certain that, if they
had been made when the Liberal
members were sitting on the op-
position benches, a great number
of them would have followed 8ir
IL Peel* rather than the noble
lord. For his own part, after the
speech which hnd just been dc-
livere^l, he could see no differ-
ence between ** Tweedledum and
Twecdkilce." He had fancied
that the great ditfercuce between
Lord John Kussell and Sir R,
Peel was occasioned by the Ap-
propriation Clause J but the noble
lord had just informed the House
that he would not touch the great
question of the Irish Church. Now,
that Church in its present position
was a disgrace to the country. If
there were nt present nodiiTerence
between Lord J. Russell ami Sir
R. Peel aa to the measures to be
applied towards that Church, what
was it that prevented the noble
lord, who set so high a value on
the benefit to be rendered to the
country, from himself serving under
Sir R. Peel I He would not say
that he intended to withhold his
confidence from Her Majesty *a
jjresent Ciovernment ; but, in order
to test whether that Government
deserved confidence, he would
bring forward, upon an early d«y,
the motion on the Irish Church

166] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1816. [England.

w 1 1 it'll hn«1 \>f(rn f*o fn-qiiontlv maile Lord John Raascll. Was it to bo

liv Mr. Wnnl. In cmirlu^Kin, be understoijJ that the noble lord

iMrti««tMl in vrry hiirh ti rm-* the wa? iroing to act on his old Whig

)«;ir(iii^ Hprirh ••!' Sir U. IWi. and principles I If so, he had some ex-

i»r\'d«vtolth:ii. it h-- .I'.v-l uT-.-ntho |H.rience of them, and wanted no

i»Mn*i|iI^-* ••!' ilia'. *;•• ••-•h. L..' w-..uid more, lie reminded the last

*.-rv *ii.'rtlv '••' r».t ;"::•. d :■: T-w-rf speaker, that during the "whole

I.* 'Jj.- rii :ii.-i' r I ill'.' s-Mi'.o period when Lord J. Russell was

..in. -*>("•. i^at in office he had been one uf

M- Miiiif i>i(-ii LiT'i J. Ru.7- the most etfectivc opponents of

.111 \iuiiiir 111' .\:\r> tjp'paf.d : :• those principles for which he WAS

au" mil •iii-^iiii'i-tL'.iiii 'hf pr.i- now a$kin<r a fair trial and inipar-

■.,,.(> 11 ui"Li'<iiiii'4 liu' •'iticv ut tial consideration. Who was it

. >iM =. t 1(11 iKini •! 'rt iumi. that had changed ? the noble lord,

..;u ". ':I.i^.-i.>l •.v:i--» '»i "pinl'in ur Mr. B. Escott ? lie would not

...., ... ilii .■ I. xiijiii Mr. ll'ime decide; but would merely rem ark*

. ., , ......i I.. I i»o ;iin»;i»hi'd that there was a curious change

,,. ,i,i, M.'i iiixaiiiam' 10 t!ie somewhere. He was one of those

..... ,. who wondered why Sir R. Feel

I .,..,. vMi.iPliti Mr. T. was out of place. It was said to

Ill .'. Uii-isuil be. because he had brought in the

... ... ,.,.1. II. i lii.'i iliiiv- Coercion Bill ; but if that were tbc

..i^ii.ii :ci- hiiu cau.<H.* of his removal from place,

;. iii.u ..i" Ills why was Lord J. Russell in j>owor,

■ 1114 Mil i-«iii- who iuid tried to include in his

.» . » . i.iM 1\. -iiini-irry the Earl of Lincoln, who

• lud was ciio identical man who had in-

, !.:■ ii ':i'Juoed that Coercii'U Bill into

. »»■... I ■.:ii.' ll.mso of Commons ? He then

%»,..■ va^sed a ^lowin^ euloiry on Sir

ii. l\vl, whu?o o.induit, in carry-

.... ^- ■..: I'.io Cnrn Bill, had rendered

.... ; 'v.:v. :v't only Kk-vt-d. but adured

. \ :'... :o.p:e of Er.^land, and

. . . ^ ".l:*..!-: : d :r.o ;i]«ithc:io O'.'Urse, the

^ . : . . . "..::".. >.'". i c y , t* i.i .h t ho present

..." V- . • , --r».L:n j-oz-iiiid liioiinvd to

...w Ni~ Xiwc'.i iTitc- had n-'t hoard

...,..., >. ; . kW.A}' r.;onil»ir Oi.riiplain of
...... .' ■■.■ c- ii>*ii!".iii''T: (f "ii.1- pre-sent

.... ... V \ T.T. ; T; r ■ . . i h'. ' p-i iunds brou jjh t

..... •.•■»■?.■■.': ":^ Mr. i. IviiiK'n. the

f. .. j-.iiii;*.. .Tii'-'.-M had n'OtiTi^ii too
..... ',.-•..• f, 1 1 <s. ill ri'i-i-ni^.y 10 place its

. ix. .-^ l1.^^l.•l'.M -i.'-l.'ly in ar.y Gr»vom-
,.» .i»: vhr:«*..ivf!. Hi donit-d that
Nil- :'.».• ),jii: nr-ii'fi HI' til hi? prin-
.j..,,.. u^^^. n-nri-ssi.iii> : if he had
^. rt:M.-.,. ]w v.uiid mil have- lost

office. TKe protae whieli bad becu
bfstowcd on Sir R. Feel for hia
parting speech was> in point of
fbel, the bitterest satire which
tOvM be pronounced upon his
former policy,

Mr. Wuni, in consequence of tho
appeals which had been addressed
personallj to himself, felt it necea-
Banr to state that he had never
concealed his opinions on the sub-
ject of the Irish Church when out
^oi office, and that he would not
See those opinions in order to
un himself in office. If the
speech which he hail made on tho
9t reading of the Coercion Bill
were referred to, it wouhl he found
that he had then stated his eon-
Tic lion, that the social grievancea
of Ireland fomicil the first practical
ipration with which the IIouso
oti^ht to deal, and that they must
be cured before any Government
succcsi^fully deal with the
Church. Having been al-
rcadr twice defeated on the fiub-
joct of the Irish Church, he had
not intended to bring the subject
^^ibrward again in the present sos-
^B^OQ, ami he had told hm Irisli
^^fticnds 8o, who were Hatisfied with
bis ren^onft* lie thought, how-
ever, that when it was brought for-
ward, not even Mr. Waklcj would
be inclined to quarrel vrith hia vote.
Mr, Uoraman considered the ex-
^^laimtion of Lord J. RusbcII to be
^Hpiost satisfactorj. Wlton the
^■feoble lord referred to the conduct
^hrUich he had pursued during a
^Hi>n^ political life* he gave the best
^^ledge which a Minister could give
for the conduct which he would
pursue in future. He replied at
some leogth to the criticiBms which
^ Mr. E» Denison had pronounced on
^klibe coma traction of the present
^" OoTemment.

The disctiaston then terminated.

The question of the Sugar
Duties was one which possesBed
tho moat urgent claims on the at-
tention of the new Ministry, as a
necessary sequel to the settlement
of the Corn Laws. Sir Robert
Peers Government, if it had re-
mained in office, must at once have
grappled with this difficulty^ which
was now left a legacy to its suc-
cessors. On the 18th of June*
Mr. CI oulburn, as Chancellor of tho
E.i[chequer» had given notice of his
jiitontiou to bring in a provisional
bill to continue the existing Sugar
Duties, from the 5th of July, wlien
they would have expired, to the 5th
of August. He stated, aa his rea-
son for making this proposition,
that owing to the length of the de-
bates on the Ti'ish Ooorciuii Bill,
the time could not he given to tlio
consideration of these duties, which
their importunee required, A Bill
was accordingly introduced, and
carried for this purpose.

On Lord John RusselFfi acces-
sion to office, one of the first steps
taken by him was to announce a
measure for the settlement of the
f|uestion ; hut^ owing to the time
which had been lost in conse-
quence of the change of Govern-
ment and the ensuing elections,
it became necessary again to con-
tinue by Bill the existing duties
till the 5th of September. At
length, on the 20th of July, tho
Ministerial measure for tho per-
manent adjustment of the qtiesttun
was brought out by Lord John
Russell, in a full and comprehen-
sive speech. The noble lord began
by setting forth the necessity that
existed for a permanent aettle-
mcnt for all interests — the eon*
sumer* the producer, and the re-
venue*

First, with respect to the supply
of sugar for the current year, ho

^_1 IZ-C-ufrXlL 3<4-C. [Er^riUnl

li '• t ■-■ ■-.■ ■ . ''.;. ■ : If • '1. »u'''-L ■

*.\ y ■ . • .■■.•^' u:.: :..'■ l.i- • .. i»t I'i? "».'.".•'.»

r n. . - 1 ri - •-• L ::. -_L - itl ui ci j •? uiatt?s the

( ','.' • ;.. J.v. --i-i .1 ■.■.;:• y i," ,^1 r-JTC'.r t: .;. . .» •. iCDS. As

••';'■■' • '•I''-' ■•-- '■-- :. u:- ■.■.■is-zn.j-: :■:_. Le h-J si-eo,

•'»'■'<. ^ ■•. - '' fr.z. L t-n.Tvrj-e^: endiDrr April

|.tlit,.:.»i •: •';,■-:■ - '". l'-\. "^i: .T LIjI'-ILT':^ tO L'O^.'XlO

April !'/ '•■ /. :- ::.:l=: lii- :,:-.•. -t^l,^ lo ihii csii-

I'-IV ' liM'j.;.' .',•••• IT.:.:-.- ^IrrTr ,>»!] 1 i:-..i l-e les? tban

NV« » Iii'l" '•-•''*. J.-. • V :.!L- &U-;:!..niJ re^uirt^i for

^^ «» » « ' 1 1 III : .'•■'. :!-= i:. ?r-: i.K i o n s jiuptiou for ihe

Intl'i-iM- . ri\h'ii T.-i^' ..Lili^j Aj-nl 1-47. ^Yhere

J.'.'i.nvi ^^^ .;.^. ji.jj;^i..;,a] tuj,p]v to come

t -til iiliiii il II liiiiiff'n*- fr'.-m f lie ?b>julii iiaturallv be

I il'.'iii iii'iii mliiiiitij ii'.-Tio?C'd lu proiKise that it &hoal«l

»'• •»» • •» ••»inil«i«- l'",'.'"0 be luade gi.KiKl by the admission of

— ^^ other forci^ sugar. But to this

M.tl.ni. Ill (lti< wlmlr .'»l.";,(MiO be was met hy an objection, that

\ ,,.» iM.. .1... I. ifli April, by so duing, by admitting: all

r { M.'il. bi MIL', III* ^ foreign sugars, we should en-

,.i,.Mi 1\ U*\\ l.j.rJOO courage slavery and give an in-

.^ — i-reased stimulus to the slave-trade :

V,,.'. i'.',. i.M..'n iiinphiHi '.*<<', '"''^ there are moral considerations

\ k. .. ». .'«b, t »,niiii-» iippi'urt'd which overbear nil financial and

.... ., „. »nM ihi' mark commercial views, and all views

„ ■ », '.. |m,1 fust !V!id. connected with the comfort and

.. ,\\ \»i.i t't'i«:n'd woirjire i»f the people of this coun-

XX • ^ *...j^ ib»*\ *'7- I 'Ord John Russell gave a brief

loply to this argument, showing,

::i tho tir>t place, that it fiiiled in

s V '.'•'. '• .^ »■ .^•. V. J »^. r •. or. OS*, hcca u s c, wh il e refusal

V V* *»."* ;;^o:a t^* admit into the home

'.' •;! v.: ::-.i» >";r;^v> of foreign coua-

was placed on

>>:.". .: Oil son,

. tobacco.

clos pro-
Ho illus-

> ....- -. ■" Vy

a refer-
:..n. No-

1 : 1 I.";.'.'

1 :z this

. I ■. 1.; r •;■..■>

.. *-i-?n-
. -. :he

^... ■ -» ! 1.: ■

- / .my

: : \

V .... 1 r..';

; .::. :i:*

HISTORY.

[160

* — if wc were to »ay, that
we woQld admit cotton-wool
lid force the United States
>lution of that tremendous
a that bangs over them—
»mendou£ pi*oblem, whether
ioll keep their black pop ul a-
I a state of slftTery, or
r, applying the great ar-
f their Declaration of Riglits,
liali not at once give them
}rome power io many states
power they would be entitled
electing the majority of re-
La tives — to say, that he
insist on the emancipation
heir slaves, or that we would
te their cotton-wool, would
thing less than insanity.
liDg again to the case of

Lord John Russell showed
le exclusion of slave-grown
tinder the present prohibitory
I, was impracticable, from
eatic3 which existed with
frtatei», under which they
ded the admission of tlielr
p'own sugar on the same
as *• the most favoured na-
He next showed, that
gh slave-grown sugar was
ited in the case of countries
could not claim exemption;
lo g»>od to the cause of
I ity resulted, because markets
tmmd in other countries,
ibo merchant received
?» in return* which he dis-

of in the English market;
pani«kh producers of Cuba

paid with those English
rietures, which might as well
leen sent to them direct wi th-
is intervening transaction.
i John Russell proceeded
reneral considerations to the
of his plan. According to the
lie* af)d propositions acted
IV the late Govenimcnt and
mad by Parliament — remov-

ing restrictions, and allowing the
people to buy in the cheapest
markets — the sugar of foreign
countries must be admitted for
home consumption without refer-
ence to the manner of production.
He admitted the validity of the
reasons urged by the West India
body against the equalization of
the dnties between colonial and
foreign sugar being immediate :
the equalization therefore should
he eifected gradually. Considera-
tions connected with the revenue
spoke in favour of the same policy.
** 1 therefore propose, that in the
present year, instead of a prohibi-
tory duty of 63^. and a protecting
duty of 23^. id. there should be.
upon all foreign Muscovado sugar,
a duty of '21 s. per bund red weight ;
to be dimioished in the following
manner —

/r. d.
To July 5, 1847 . 21 Opercwt,

1848 . 20 0 „

1849 . 18 G „

1850 . 17 0 „

1851 . 15 G „
And that, from July 1851, the
emaller duty of ll*. should apply
to all Muscovado sugar. This
diiuiuution extends over five years,

1 say nothing hereof the propriety |
or the advantage that might bol
derived from a still further reduc-
tion of the 14^. duty per hundred-
weight. I do not think, consider-
ing this as an operation that is to
be carried over five years, that In
the present state of the revenue,
and in the present state of tho
Session, it would ho right in us to
make any more considerable dimi-
nution."

With regard to the distinction
made last year of clayed sugars,
it had proved to a great extent
inoperative ; but it seemed prac-
ticable in the case of ** White"

170]

ANNU.VL REGISTER, 1846. 'Engiuui.

{:iv;iiiniiu >ii!rtir4. lud liU present
■iiciuiuii -vii^ !,, n'cuin rhe ilUtiac-
■•jii .s ■■••^.-iniLHi 'tiM^ii au;jars-
'"-.•■rf •vuuiii.ii.-sj i'UthaiiuiLir rviiuc-
■Ml :p'ui ■•-•ox ■«» vi»44r 'ipoQ redaed

.■.lasffc- . :ic iUTlC'Uiir* .'1 'riiiuh.
■ ■•1,1.4 l,•^.•ca^ I :ie ?ctii.*«i'aio.

. -iiiu-cKi^u *itii lit." ■»r."?p^'^-

., '. . >^ miii •p'nucep*. 'i.vi*im-
'. lit m '.i\.L-ii II" ■•Hi!*ti4orii:«ja

•■•I? >.-^;i»— .;'-il» *im:'l Ui»i ••-•♦•Q

iim ...'PI- ■■■iLU

•iaLa. V":ii ne

I', i.r^uuiriiua

excise daties of this countrr and
upon rum, vet that ditference wu
not to be placed to the account
alcozecher of difcrential dut j. The
:»ucement wa.'«. that while in the
prix:e&i «:f distillation the excise-
•luiT wiu at once levied on British
4pinrd which are afterwards sab-
;i'cc to leakage and other losso«,
run Arri^inir in thi* countrr arriTod
a 1 «ta:e in which it has under-
I" me ail th'^se 1»>*50S. and iherts
■fp; ther»? was not a similar qnanti-
•V iubiect CO the dutv. With the
-!e*v. ■ii»w'v*;r. ■ f plaoinff Coloniil
md 3r.i::-a *pir!:i on terms of
^'^.':iter -.imali'v. G-.Temment pro-
"ir^f^i M reduce Siie •iiferential
iutv .t 1-. ■>«. :■;- I^. There was
.a« r:icr iin.'>r:i.:i w:ia regard to
v!'.:i.-a :Lv-r»» ^i* far n;re -iiSoulij,
.1211 ip«ja w-:.i'i ':.*i di-i not feel
!:ii.-!*-«: i-.r.ai»rz'>i in zr.T way to
■••• -;:?:'-u—.«.r: :■* -.[i-: \\\.i: India
■ .4V. r-.-v . iipLiin^i .: the uif-
■:•:!■-• '» ..i-.i »i-*:c'i a* rt^janls
;- .;■•..- r: >*• rixz.-i mi Ireland.
..;.-. -• - iji'.'- ;':-7 T I* *: ■! iened
.: vu:. .-. !- i.-rir" - '-1 ihat
■' •■ ^ 1. .. ;: .:.- r'j:" a. be
• * '■■ . ^"^ i" i.zf'. . :v : and.
■^ . ' ■- . ■ ■ in.-il :•;• anr-
, >-: V. ^-i: :• iT-^^i . 3 that
. ■ ^a.:.T L-l n.;: feel
.^- . : ::■• ^r7-v:::jcar,
2.*.. . iJ.'-T- "^^ Ja.:«f f -^r.
' - .." . -•■ "";5^: Iziiain-
^-: • "«--- I..-' -"r^r* ■«..«i to ad-
' z. _-?•■'* .: ■■ ' •.■^.'TT . r-.-c-> and
. ->■ ." - - .-'-• i.-^- "^iT:.*. :Le pro-
^ -.- .-T-^i."-;- T. !•? -i^-. Is was
^-«..:-r ::.J»: ti i-: ^^ :• wished
-r.! : is the
.•:c-.;>* «hoald
i f^ . LT-1 that
*.>.■:•-' i >? ad-
:"r.f r^arier of
oTir breweries
,.-. .iT-.Tin.'n-s Bui in the appli-
.-i.TjMi !•: lilt- princijOc to practice

Til' t« -we: Tx

^]

history:

[171

wmcn

there were Taiioua and yery eon-
iidcrable difficulties. There was a
great difficulty with respect to tho
exact amount of duty which ought
to b© imposed upon these sugars,
sad great difficulty in tbe practical
leTjing of the duty with tbe Ex-
cise ; and, aa far as ho wag in-
f<»nn6d, he felt unable to comply
with that request.

Then, as to the differential duties
which existed in the West ludia
da in favour of British manu-
ares, the Govemrocnt consL-
that their abolition was only
an act of justice, and indeed a
neeesaary consequence of tbe with-
drawal of protection from their
prodnce. Government, therefore,
propoaed to Introduce a Bill giving
the Queen power to assent to any
Act pa^ed by the Colonial Legis-
Uturee by which the five or seven
per cent, difference in favour of
thia country should be taken away,
in order that tbe colonists ehouUl
be enabled, wbile we made no dif-
e in favour of their produce,
make no difference in favour of
Itra.
The subject of the revenuo
not he excluded from con-
iioQ. Mr. Goullfuni, the lute
QceUor of the Excbeqner, bad
mmio a gtaienient, which no doubt
ho was perfectly justified in mak-
ing, of the prospects of tbe present
jeer : hut it was im])osi^ible not to
percrivc that with regard to a fu-
tttre year, as to which he cer-
tainly was not hound to make any
Mtimaie, he opened a prospect
af m far less consolatory descrip-
Irord John Russell proceeded
that after deducting
Oh of Gliina money from
;imated income for 1840-7,
for certain items of
lituro which Mr. Goulburn
i not lM>und to take into account

when making hift statement, the
deficiency for 1S47-8 would he
352,U00i., with the chance of
being increased to half a million.

•* Now, Sir, when there is thi»J
prospect before us, made out fronifl
the papers quoted by the rigbfc ho^
nourablc gentleman himself, it
does eeem to be expedient, if yoit
can do so, to endeavour to obtain^
an increase to tbe income of the
country, at the same time that
y«u do not augment the hurdena
of the people. The plan which l|
have proposed, 1 apprehend, will
accomplish this object. Taking
240j}UU tons of sugar us tbe pro-
duce of the West Indies, tbe Mau-
ritius, and the East Indies, at
14/, per ton, this would give us
3,3GO.O0O?. 1 have stated that
we might expect 20,000 tons of
freedabour sugar would arrivo iqi
the course of this year. With
regard to other sugars, wo may
expect there will be no very great
supply in the present year, owing
to the obstacles which are inter-
posed by tlie navigation-laws. A
great part of the Bupply of foreign
sugar, which 18 at present ware*^
housed in this city, has been
brouf^^ht here by American ships ;
it has been brought here for tho
purpose of being sent forward to
foreign ports ; and therefore, un-
der our navigationdaws, it is in-
admissible* even fiup[>osing it wa
otherwise, bylaw, admisaihle. Non
1 should think it very presumptu*
ons in us if we were, merely
this emergency, to propose to alte
tho navigationdaws. Any ques-*"
lion involviug the navijxation-laws
ought to be deeply and seriously
considered, and ought to be pro-
posed with a view not to any tem-
porary hut to some permanent
change. If change were thought
desirable. The consequence, there-

172]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Engird.

fore, is, that only a small portion
of the foreign sugar now in hiyml
would be admissible under the pro-
posed change of duty. Ilavinjr
taken soTiie pains to inquire, I
find \^\ fom-.- 0.'>''0 or S.')0«). or
l; iiii- = -i-i I ■>.»-' tons, would be
L' 'tTi-iK'-Z ».i:Ll* ?:•■■•.• imder this
fisLiiT^ .1 "*'i-:- -i"*"- I think we

w. iiuni'--L ■: r.c^L^ ^izir to
I" 1' I • -Mi.-i '. ". • « "zior-,
:. •!■ 11 v-u*--i«"ii;'f. in«i 1 ". .V*"
n. -»• 1. ■■•■in' 11. ■▼ 'li'L 3ia!v'»

-..■■ - T.-. •■i r..-. 'i^J.. -I'tt/

.-

. .-■.-. -ii-n »i ".w. Twe-

. i

"v.- IV- -:i:s plan

"*" . ^-V'lUU "0 ')0

'■

■ .: :.'. »-.:.ii It rhe

!.,»..,

..:':.«•: ,- ' ,t . •;iUll V.la

.

j..'.-^:^. iier^-

l -M.-.- ■■ til' ■•?-

.!- !■■ ...-'i Mua.

.

.-.ii. 11* .'C

■ , ■1 ■■'-

, I ■:i».'

.'. »«"r

-, . -. vo

... .. is-aiC^'

i 'lli^

...,^., ^ai'.iiv .'t*

.. .i- ■•-' ^ii*»ul*l

' ...,.,^-,.. K- -vimld

., ,j .. ".lil which

,.,-:»! -viuiics por-

""; iiimial ci:*

vmIi 'iie *'»*■'«•

"., ..ti^iituciuiiiil

. ,>ii-iderable

* ,,.,* iipriideut

^ ., ii,.- HHU:>e.

, .. HI :idn\M

, \. nil.', be-

i.,i.-. . wore

, ,,.,Mvvted

Lord Jobs Rassell coneluded by
expn?5iL3z hi* belief, that the
measan:-. *o far from injuring the
coljniiia. would largely and per-
manently benefit them ; and he
then laid on the table the resola-
tion* of whieb be bad given notice.

ilr. Goulbum observed, that on
a matter of such extreme import-
ance he should forbear from cn-
torin^ upon any discussion till he
hail an oppijrt unity of examining
tho resolutions and making him-
**.^If acquainted with their proba-
:jle operation.

Lonl George Bentinck spoke
for himself and those who acted
with him.

t)nly two parts of the plan
would be agreeable to them : that
fur rendering the Sugar Duties
permanent : and that for focili-
latinsr the introduction of labourers
into the West Indies. With re-
^•ipi to the new duties, he could
^.'.'t [>romise the support of his
:r!tn«U. True to their principles,
"ii'.'v wi.iuld not be disposed to con-
?i?n: :•» the admission of slaTC-
jpiwn suj^ar ; nor were they dis-
>.^od to remove from the West
l.uUa and the East India interests
-Me rinitection which they enjoyed.
A!thi>u:j:h deprived by unjust means
..I :hrir uwu protection, it would
T)e no o«jns<jlaiion to the agricul-
tural interest of England to be
avenijed upon the East and West
Indian interests by depriving them
ot* pn>toction also. lie thought
tliat Lord John Russell had un-
ikT-esti mated the supply of sugar
llkolv to be yielded by the West
and East Indies and the Mauritius :
Lf»nl George had made very mi-
nute inquiries on the subject, and
he thought himself justifieil in
savin "T that any defalcation in the
West Indies would be made up by
the increased production in the

England.]

HISTORY,

[173

BmI Indies : the probability was,
that 100,000 tonR would be im-
ported from Bengal aloDe, and
15,ChX* tons from Madras. Wlien
** bis noble friend Lord Jobn Rus-
Bcll** brougbt forward liis resulu-
tiona for a permanent settlement
ol the Sugar question, be would
propose an amendment,

A desultory conversation fol-
lowed, in which, doubtsi sugges-
liods, and expressions of approval
were variously elicited. Among
other members Mr. Hume ei-
preaa^ his entire approbation of
the acheme. But be impressed on
Lard Jobu Russell the importaucc
of putting an end to the difler-
OQtiat duty on rum, and making
J iJie daty the same in Scotland and
^ eland as in England. The Olian-
of the Exchequer &aid that
lie equalisation of duties spoken
by Mr. Hume was not so easy
he appeared to imagine. There
not the least doubt that it
an anomaly to have different
of excise duties in dilTerent
of the kingdom, but that
action had been adopted to
at illicit dii»tillation, and it
rered that purpose. After a
words from Mr. Wakley, Mr.
and Lord Sandon, the
liseussion was adjourned.

tlie 27th July it was re-
tted, when, upon Lord John
ell moving that the House
re itself into a Committee of
Furs And Means,
Tugtd. G. Bentinck moved the
ndmeat of which he had given
^ee, and, disclaiming all hos-
litr to II er Majesty's Ministers,
bsened that, although on former
aions the question of slavery
of the policy of reducing the
^tigw Duties had been mixed up
rith the question of confidence or
eonfidetice ia the Government,

»tes

licardo

it was not his intention so to treat
them upon the present occasion.
After repudiating the notion, which
very erroneously prevailed out of
doors, that he and his friends were
only fighting a sham battle against
the Government re^-^olutlons, be
said, that the question iuvolved in
those resolutions naturally divided
itself into three beads, and that
as such he should treat it. The
first head was that wlitcb con*
cerned the interest of the British
sugar-planters in the West Indies,
the East Indies, and the Mauritius,
and which also concerned thel
supply of sugar to Great Britain ;
the second was the question of
revenue, as touched on by Lord J.
Rusjsell iu introducing his resolu-i
tions ; and the third would relate
to the interests of the African
race. On the first head Lord J.J
Russell foundetl his resolutions on'
the policy, and also on the diffi-
culty, of supplying the people of
this country with cheap sugar ;
and though hiii lordship had not
said that there would be a famine
in sugar during the next year, he
had said that there would be a
coDsiderahle deficiency in the
average supply. Now, so far from
there being a probability of a want
of sugar. Lord G. Bentinck posi-
tively asserted, that if the Govern-
ment would only give confidence
to the British planter, and security
to the investment tjf capital in the
sugar plantations in the West
Indies, in the Mauritius, and, above
all, iu the East Indies, there would
be an ample supply of sugar for
the consumption of this country.
Though, before the emancipation
of the slaves*, the West Indies had
supplied 100,000 and 200, OOU tons
arinually, the produce had subse-
quently falk'n uff so much, that the
average crop was not more than

1T4]

ANNUAL BUGISTER. IfrM. IRvUml

177. ■*■*). in«i ini* -*»ar -ins
iiii mit -^.Tt^T-^i 1-L'. ••< mns.
la pF-iOairTLua -n -.Ae •^^'"■r jiF it
airt -.T^ipj-. aiui -hi? ^r^:•» )f rhe
arrUrie Tacn. Tiie i-enure iif-
i*r«aifB In tae pree frjr ^e «i
yean Wiiri -miimLvpacioa. and ^r
zhii 7w-iirti TPjira *mce -iiair -irenr,

w^r? iiiniirri^L incu "inB iMilii iii

zain a >siiiiT & p«}imii in :iie pruM?
of la «nrir : '^u: iie -jouncrv ioaI
a nAz :o •i.ipt^*:: *>*n^r diinos
trom die ini:r'^;ia^ pn)«iui.'»i of
«TX;rir In 'm E^lsz I^iiies i.id the
M,i.irxiTid. a.-iii :-oin dii* rvijioreil
pr iiiuiin of till* vV,isi^ I.nii'r*. if the

fainlitAte th.^ intr:*i,i.:Ti«:n ..t' fr^«
Lih^iiir inVi :h»: pLuiuxiiiiu '?f cEoee

puin:»^r% ih«> ppiCr'.'ti'ia waich chej
noTT -^nji/j-^ii. A::rr eawrlc'^ into
▼Ario'is *ir"-.iii.i in -'.rii^i-r ?.> e*Cir/.-«h
tl'iis pr';p«i«it!on. he oalotiLicai thac
the anpr.lT of rri^^'ar r'vr th^ next

t'jn/*. a^ Lor I J. Iii*5«-.il «ront*rndtr*l,
hi:t to 3 "^ ;,»>.»•.• ton.;. The -ZT^jatest
con-nmption ever known in thl*
country did not eiceed 24*5,'»)
tonff. ami, that beinqr the case, he
consi<lf:rcrd that, without =0€rkinjE:
fti'l from the slave colon i« uf
other countrioij, there would he an
ample provision for the consump-
tion of Great Britain. lie ad-
mitten] that his calculation was
founrled on the supposition, that
the price of sur^r was not mate-
rially fiimini^he/1 ; for it was quite
clear that, if it were diminished
fitx Hhillinf(H a cwt., an Lord J.
KuKMell antieipatr*fl it would he, Ly
the introfliiction of the Brazilian
ami ('iilian Ku^ar, it would no
'^i(er lie profitahlo to cultivate
ir in the East Indies for the

Britisa aarkec Bat h wms itid
zhmc the prsuiples of free trdfe
7?fnzir*d cfaas we ahonld open oor
aiark'^G w die cngmr of tlie
Bnziis. En order dat tlie Bruils
nii^c ioen diinr mArkels to ov
auumcuiiuiw. To tliis AigiuiMut
he r^piied, diat if we gamed t
3iark<±c sor «^ wmmtdMitmm m
:ihB Bnaflk w AmM kee it in
'Ae Ea:»c Indies azid in our edier
.••.ionies. ami. moreoTer, dioaU
brniT on the na tires deeper dis-
hes:} diAn i*uc which we had il-
r»aJy indicted on them by destroj-
m'S endreiy xh^ir mannCMtiiri^
::i»biszrj. He then entered apon
die ??Tin«xe part of the q^ieiticm,
anil ohserred. diAt he could Mt
Tiniiifrscazid how Lord J. Rmscfl
arrfred ac his eoiicln«ioa, that he
*houI»l zain 72o,«>X»/. more rf
revenue by his <eheme of Sogir
Dade* thin Mr. Goulbam would
hun^ ^jeen eoAbled to obtnin by his
«i.'hetne. No more rerenne would
be derired &3m British plantaticm
?Ti;^r TU'ier one soheme than the
. ther. If 2«.\«»> tons of free-
lab<>ar sufar were to come in under
the noble I>>rd*3 scheme, at 21«.
a cwt.. they would equally come
in under that of Mr. Goulbqpi's
at IOj. 6*J. a cwt. Supposing,
then, that Lord J. Russell got
1*. »>./. a cwt. more than Mr. Ooul-
bum for his free-labour sugar, he
would only get 23,000/. more than
Mr. Goulbum in that way. Even
suppoainsT that the consumption
increased to 280,000 tons, which
was 4»>,Ch» tons more than onr
greatest consumption, and that all
that increase was made up of
slave-grown sugar, ho would only
obtain 421,000/. of rcrenue from
slave-grown sugar, so that at the
utmost Lord J. Russell would not
obtain 440,000/. more than Mr.
Goulbum. For his own part, he

WȤimd.}

HISTORY,

[175

belieTed iUt 23,333L wae aU the
gam in point of revenue, which
Lord J, Ruissell would derive from
hia plan for letting into our markets
the sugar of Cuba and the Brazils.
Such being the fact^ he implored
his noble fnend not to press on a
meaauro so matenallj atfecting the
IBBrenne at the present advanced
HHcmI of the Session. The last
^he these duties were discussed,
Hi diaonsBion in the committee
mbk up eight nights ; and if they
were to be diseussed at the same
Jgmj^h now, or even at a length
^■ieh their importance deserved,
Hd if at the end of that and the
^fcsequent discussions thej should
9o poaaed, there woidd be no Peers
in the House of Lords to receive
the Bill founded upon them. He
ihcn entered upon the last division

»h^^ subject, that connected with
Lvery, on which he said that the
^estion resolved itself into tbiji,
Would the people of England have
slarenr, and sugar two-thirds of a
petmy a poimd cheaper, or would
ibej be content to pay that sum
aifgar grown bj the hands
\ free British industry f Were
ared of their past exer-
[for the enmncipatioQ of
ave, or did they repent of
20,(KH),00(»/. which they had
' it ? They we re now pni'-
}, 0002. , and employing
Ive ships of war, and a con-
jidcrable number of sailors, for the
pression of the nefarious and dia-
nlave-trade ; and would they
themselves supremely ridi-
lin the eyes of all the world,
ibuting at the same time
dl to 2,500,000?. to the
Its of the slave-dealers of Cuba
the BraxUs, by assenting to
Aese resolutionB ( He showedt by
ftlerouce to some horrible and dis-
giitbig enielties inflicted on the

alared in a ship of a Brazilian
planter of the name of Ilouseca,
that there was nothing in the pre-
sent mode of conducting the slave-
trade to reconcile the feelings of
Englishmen to it. lie also de-
scribed the wretched condition and
treatment of the slaves in Cuba and
the Brazik, and then aslced the
House whether it would consent to
ruin the humane planters in the
East Indies and in the West Indies,
to add to the profits of the inhuman
^TCtches who cultivated sugar in
Cuba and the Brazils at a loss of life
which it was awful to contemplate ?
These rei^olutions wouhl add 18/.
to the value of each negro in the
colonies of Spain and Portugal j
and, with such a premium on the
iin porta tlon of slaves, could they
doubt tbat the slave-dealers would
send out ship after ship to bring
fresh cargoes of human misery to
their guilty shores ? After an
an eloquent peroration, in which he
summed up his principal argu-
ments, ho concluded by moving,
" That, in the present state of the
sugar cultivation in the British
East and W'est Indian possessiona,
the proposed reduction of duty
upon foreign slave- grown sugar in
alike unji^ftit and impolitic, as tend-
ing to check the advance of pro-
duction by British free labour, and
to give a great additional stimulus
to slave labour/'

The Chancellor of the Excbe>
quer followed Lord George Ben-
tinck through each of the three
heads into which he had divided
the subject. After dweirmg on
the importance of providing an
adequate supply of sugar, which,
from a luxury, had become a
necessary artielo of sustenancQ to
the people of this country, lie pro^
ceeded to show that the demand
for sugar was now greater, and the

176]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Engknl

rise in its price was higher, than
it was when the late Govern-
ment was induced to let foreign
free-lahour sugar come into compe-
tition with sugar the produce of
our own possessions, and to con-
tend that the same considerations
which had induced the late Govern-
ment to let in foreign free-lahour
sugar should induce the present Go-
vernment to let in slave-lahour sugar
also. The consumption of the last
year had exceeded that of the pre-
ceding year by 36,000 tons. The
price was higher now by 4^. a cwt.
than it was in June 1845. The
supply of sugar had also failed us ;
for whereas Mr. Gladstone had esti-
mated the supply of free-labour
sugar for the year at 20,000 tons,
it had been under 4,000 tons, and
the whole supply for the last five
quarters did not exceed 4,130 tons.
Having thus shown that the mea-
sures of the late Government to
procure an adequate supply of
sugar had failed, he proceeded to
demonstrate that the estimated
supply of sugar for the next year,
which had been developed to the
House by Lord George Bentinck,
was grossly exaggerated, and more
particularly that portion of it which
was to come from the East Indies.
The actual consumption of sugar
last year was 252,000 tons, and it
would have been larger had it not
been checked by an inadequate
supply. He believed that it would
be still larger this year, and to in-
sure its increase it was necessary
to take measures to reduce the price
of the article. So far was he from
thinking that the duty of 2 1 5. on
foreign sugar was too low, that he
thought it, if any thing, too high ;
and he had only fixed it at its pre-
sent amount in order to give time
to the colonial interest to meet the
'lianges now proposed. Last year

the increase in coDsumption, with a
deficient supply, was 43,000 tons,
and he thought that he might safelj
anticipate an increase to a simi-
lar amount in the next year, when
the sugar of Cuba and the Brazik
would be open to us. Haring
shown that Lord George Bentinck's
estimate of the supply of sugar was
greater, and of the consumption
less, than that on which we had a
right to calcnlate, he proceeded to
examine his observations on the
revenue to be derived from the
new scheme of Sugar Duties, and in
so doing entered into a detailed,
view of the income and expenditure
of thp country. He observed that
Mr. Goulbum had only left him ik
surplus of 70,000?., and expressed
his fears that before the end of
the Session he should be obliged
to bring forward several supple-
mentary estimates. He hoped to
reinforce the revenue by this mea-
sure ; and such reinforcement was
not only desirable, but was abso-
lutely indispensable ; for he calcu-
lated that at the end of the year
there would be a deficiency of
350,000?., owing to the increased
expenditure which we should be
compelled to make, on various
heads which he enumerated in de-
tail, and which he considered to be
necessary to the safety of the state
and the maintenance of our own
honour and credit. If the increase
in the consumption of sugar should
amount to 20,000 tons, then the
revenue from sugar would amount
to 4,195,000?.; and if it should
amount to 30,000 tons, as he trusted
that it would, the revenue from
sugar would amount to 4,405,000?.,
and in either case the deficiency
which he anticipated would be
more than covered. He then
replied to the arguments of Lord
George Bentinck on the last of

o

[177

iree het^ih Into wKicli be had
d the subject. He wondered
liofic who Ui*ed slaye-gromi
, alaTe- grown coffee, slave-
ted copper, and slave- grown
;o» CO old say that bj nega-

the^e resolutions they would
loonraging slavery and the
;rade. lie charged the nohle
ith faftving laid down principles
kl aubjeet which he could nut
into effect, and with seeking
rive tlio people of England

article which was all but a
la nr of life, for the sake of
Qg out a visionary seheme of
jticablc humanity. In con-
If he eaq>r eased a confident
hat the results of the change
iroposed would not be injn-
;o the West Indian interests*,

he was certain that it would
ductive of great benefit to the
ant, the manufacturer, and
ner, and, above all, the in-
pulatiun of Great Britain.
InglJH thought the House
Lord George Ben ti nek
Dg this amendment, and
ting it by a speech full
Bf in which every fact was an
ent. During the whtde of
lancellor of the Exchequer 'si

he could not help fancying
me and space had been anni-
I, and that he was liatening,
J 1847, to the speech of a
eraptilogir-ing for a deficiency
►,00U^. which he found in hia
t, and declining to tell the
I whether he would raake up
efficiency by the transactions
itimate commerce, or by the
of the tortured slave. For
ti part, he would not willingly
WO the amount of human suf-
I and yet, if he voted in favour
#e resolutions, he should feel

I. WM preventing the working
^ wholesome experiment ;

^.xxvin,

that ho was precipitating the mi-
scries of Africa ; and that he was
causing an amount of deeper suffer-
ing than the House would willingly
hsten to,

Lord Sandon observed, that when
Sir Kobcrt Peel introduced into
the taritJ' a discrimiuaiion between
free-labour and slave-grown sugar,
he had entered his protest against
it, because he thought the discri-
mination was a mere fallacy. He
had then stated, that when you
once opened your market to foreign
sugar, you opened it practically to
slave-grown sugar. He had been
fortified in that statement snbBC-
qnently; by the advice of tlic most
experienced merchants, and he
therefore could not concur in tlie
opinion of Lord George Bentinck,
that whoever supported these reso-
lutions was encouraging slavery and
the slave-trade. Uur present sys-
tem produced irritation and jea-
hmay in Spain and Brazih ftnd, in-
stead of being a discouragement to
the sugar-growers of those coun-
tries, was only a discouragement
to the British merchant and ship-
owner. Lord George Bentiuek had
recommended the Government to
take time for the consideration of
thia qucBtion. Now he thought that
it wa* better for all parties tliut it
should be settled at onee^ and in
the mode now jjroposed by Uer
M aj es ty 's Gove mm e n t .

M r. G ra n t ley B e rk eley con t e n de d
that, with an adequate supply of
labour, the West Indies could send
to England again, as they had sent
before, an adequate supply of sugar.
He, therefore, recommended the
Government to promote the immi-
gration of free labourers into the
West Indian Coloniew, rather than
encourage the importation of slave-
grown sugar into Great Britain.

Sir J, Hogg observed, that when

r - : A N M AL rjLGl STER, 1 846. [EngJaul

!•: -■.■.■ •.■iiv. .:■: V- .:: : ■ 1. -i" I r mi:'. i-l;il»our. imported sugar for
>..:..■■:. *-- 1 : !■■.;. ::i' i;* iwu ejr.a.un:pUiju not more than

. .^..■.- ■.! .... • i.-;..i! .. 1.: 1':..-:^ vi-ar* airo.

Mr.'i.i. W. Hope had voted, like
>;: .1. HoiTir- in favour of Lonl
>:.iid'ii"f rt'Sulution in 1841, bot
jibi": ii'i sit-n. like Sir J. Hogg,
I.1.V r'.-a>'»n? for changing the opi-
].l'^rl^ wl.iih he then expressed.
y.i' tMTi-JJiTi'd that these reaoln-
T':!:;*- n -i-lii ineviiahlv promote the
<::i:*ii> .Ti I'f >laverv and the slave-

• : V :^:..-. .. i :: ■••■ ' i- <•:

1 :.i ....■» !•: ii." .:. >;::.. i ■ n'

; li:. : >:..:.- :.;.*. .. li:-.- i;.~:^i

-.; :- i-. V : - • li :: ■ , ii---

-.1. : \- :.i. 1 !■; :.:i. : * ; ;■ il:-iii!'"

\* j.v » .•: .:»: ■ :..* :.. 1' .: 1 :.- :i

. >- . :.:i. :•:•; ; * : :. .. ». i-l-i » 1- :i';"

;: : ..■; ..-:.•-- \ : . ■ ! ■ I.:.. ■.l.:".

A ' .■- ; i» : . :..-. ..: . ' .'.. V . :. ■; :■:

iii.-i I - ::• :.. ;...: : - ':.:.. ":.:•:•:
xi .:.... \ I :v ■ ?■ ..-. .- -: ;.y • ::.;
i:\...:;; \\ ..'. ;..-:. :■ . : ■ . ■ . : : " .
^•.■J:lT \ux\\ : ■■. *.-•....•■•.*.:':-.-'■..
Ti.^■ Y...< i: .' ..^- ^»;;:,:i-.; \ . \ r-
ti-^-iJ.'i : ■ •:.v : - -J..-. :•;;: ;: .Ci. ::: :-
««mv t1,» V ii^i:-.' \.X: :: *.: :: «;-.<
i TTi iiil :..■!' I ::.. 11: -": •.-.m* i ■, r:.i :.'.v
^■.JJ«]••«r! il'.i -f r^ - 1.:::.'':'^. •.:: •"i.h

In- ♦•■•lllil \:.\\r W ■-':-. li \\.A\ iV..- Wt >i

Iiuliaii I'ri'jiTir:. •■. j:r..i t««^ --r !l::t'0
vr.ira til iiuiki- I'nir ;i!!.-.!iiriV..ir.:*.
].i-t"iirr thrv iM!i:i' iiii^i i-..iMj'ftiiU'n
villi >la\r-la)iinir *iiir:!r. Ii vas
in«-laTK.'Ijo]y in ri<niiMn|tlati' ili«- no-
rt'.-i^iiy uf d«*|»riviiiif tl:o vlsule of
tin- piKir pojuilatiim nf tlit'«t' L-ilamls
of a clu-ap supply nf such a r.t.'i-os-
haiy artic'lr* of life a.^ snirar. Kvery
hcMly know tliat all wo ha*l dime
for Ko many yoars to stop the
KJave-trado liad boon splendid
fuilnri'M, und no greater proof of it
could b<! afforded than tlii.s, that
Culm, which now cultivated sugar

>.r I'.Vri Peel observed, tbtt
". ."u «.if rre Bentinck was per-
•';•. :\r c.»rrei-t in stating that be
: :i/i i.i.:j.'un<*iMi at the commence-
T. -.TT i:' :^iv Si*>?ion a measure for
-.!: :: :r.«.2utiii»n of foreign sugar.
^:-^ cfiTiut fn^m that proposed
:\ 1. rd .'rhn Ru*>ell. That mea-
>.:-! V ..uiJ haTo given greater en-
:■ '. •v.^-f.i.i !;i than the present re-

> .::.>!.» trie admission of free-
*.;.:«.■.■.: ^'.:^^.^, and would have con-
: : . r\ ::ji- rxolusion of slave-labour

> ..'.- Hi- had always felt that
:": ? ■•.■.:{?:iin of admitting slave-
*.:.:■.; r s " ^.^ r w a s 0 xceptetl from the
V :.:•. r rv v f f.-.e-trade. He thought
:: ..::*» ■< i-.v.ntry st-H'd in a special
r-':rr :. : :'::o West Indian colonies.
^^\. la/: iitancipatod their slaves,
i-.v i :.:id ^ivt^n them an apparently
:. .-.j-.ir.i rM cnmpon^ation for the
*;u:'.r\Hi.:' ihoir projH^ny. Whether
ii w:i? an adiH]uate comjK'nsation
was a matter of doubt ; but, be
that as it mitrht. it placed this
Con Ti try in a position of some diffi-
ciihy wiih rrspect to the West
Indies. Ho had, therefore, been
v\' opinion that considerable time
oiiiiht to have been allowed to the
West Indies before they were called
on to compete with slave-labour
sugar, and in that opinion he was
Con tinned by the dictum of Mr.
Deacon 1 1 urn e. We had also con-
stituted ourselves the police of the

Zn gland.]

HISTORY.

[179

. for the suppression of slavery,
^an^ that increased the dlflieiiltj of
our position. In qU that had Won
Liiiiid by Lord George Bentinck re-
specting the abomination of tbe
attic in slaves, it was impossible
Dot to agree. Nevertheless, enter-
litaining sucb opinion.^, and havincj
l/ffreat apprehen»ioDs of the men-
fciire now proposed, and fearinc^ that
it would give a great stimulus to
the ftlnve-trade, be bad come to the
R^oticlusion, tboiigb not without great
pKcsitation and reluctance, that he
DUSt give it bis support. In coming
that conclusion, be was obliged
flo consider tlie present position of
urtiee, and the prospect of form in «^
ftnotber Govenunent. Ue agreed
irith Lord George Bentinck, tlint
{•Ho sbnm or diduBive opposition
(kuglit to he offered to these resolu-
liona* and that, if a D opposition were
offered to them, it ought to be one
n tended to be successful and fatnl.
He Wlieved that by a couihi nation
parties it wouhl he possible to
iisplace Lord John Russell, or, at
iny rate, to prevent bis success
upon ibeee duties. lie felt that it
practicable to give the noble
ord a temporary defeat on these
esohitions ; but then he could
Ftiot refrain from asking himself,
fhetber it would be consistent
f lib his character to lend himself
^lo Kuch a combination ; and bis
^conviction was, that it would not
const stent. Lord John Russell
bjid made a proposal for the
final adjustment of this ques-
tion, and be was not purprised that
the noble lord bad done so.
The noble lord might have ad-
journed the consideration of it to
another Session; but he ibought
; that it waa better that the noble
rd had made it at once, as be
iroutd otherwise have kept the
tiiitry in great uncertainty. De

then reminded the House, that
those who sboidd compel Lord J,
Russell to abdicate power, were
bound to ask themselves whether
they were prepared to take it.
Two Governments had existed in
the last three weeks. Should a
third he now formed ? On wbflt
princifde ? Should it be on the
priiieiple of restoring the late
Government? He said, "No,**
Should the Protectionists be called
to power, who would not only de-
feat this measure, hut would also
revoke the measure which had just
been passed ? The House and the
country both said, "No." Consi-
dering, then, that if an opposition
were made to this measure, it
ought not to be a ^hato, but, if
poi?i?ible, a successful opposition,
he declared that he was not pre-
pared to take upon himself the re-
spon^sibilit}' and the consequences
which mutit attend succciis. lie,
therefore, felt hound to support
these resolutions from a conviction
that, so long as uncertain ty pre
vailed upon them, there woutd not
be that stimuhis given to the em-
ployment of labour and capital in
the British sugar cobjnies, which
was essentinl to tht!ir success.
Entertaining a convietiou l!iat at
no remote period these resolutions,
if obstructed now, must be carried
hereafter, and that the noble lord
was best entitled to the credit of
carrying them* he had come,
though not without reluctance, to
the coni'lusion to support them in
princi]>le, and not to embarrass the
Government by any opposition to
them in detail.

Sir T. A eland expressed greot
indignation that Sir R. Peel had
rested his vote on this occasion
upon the state of parties in that
House, and upon the mode in
which the Government would be

I

[N 2]

1

HISTORY.

[181

mne maintatned that the
of slave-labour &ugf»r
British market would pro-
effect on slavery in the
lie also insisted that Sir
wa^ not juBtiiieil in as-
ft5t ni^ht, that this mea-
ild increase slavery in
the Brazila, Ho con-
lat the horrid statements
sh Lord G. Bentinck had
the feelings of the House,
ing to do with the ques-
ire it. and ought to he
at once and for ever
minds uf all who heard
He wished to have thii
of the Sugar Duties per-
setUed ; and, tijough be
d these resolutions to he a
from principle, he should
n hie support. He con-
Mr, D. Hume that»
and the Brazils had
the slave trade, and
pknters were deprived
of raising their pro-
ion of a free trade
taken entirely out
of free trade. In
t, then, to such a
rom principle, be must
the Government to
^ery impediment to the
,boiir inour West Indian
to free those colonies
rona every commercial
now imposeii upon
iking again at the Cjues-
'financial point of view,
lit satistieil that the
of the Exchequer was
posing this measure, sa-
argc amount of revenue*
beneiit to the con-
If you remit taxa-
give the benefit
kis^ion to the consumer,
away a certain amount
for &o useful purpote

whatsoever. Now^ the last rednc-
tion in the amount of the Sugar
Duties was of no use to the con-
sumer ; and he was afraid that
the present reduction would not do
do him much more good. Ho
thought it would have been
much better had the ditferen- ^
tial duties in favour of our own j
eoloniee been continued until theex-< i
piration of the present Com Laws.
It would have produced this bene-
6t, if no other, that it would hav0
encouraged those who were mosft]
interested in the change now pro^
posed, to carry that change out in
the spirit in which it was conc^ired
by the Legislature.

Sir John Ileid predicted, as th^
result of this measure, the total
ndn of the West Indian colo-
nies,

Mr, Bern al declared his intention
to vote for the resolutiuns; but al
the same time be should stickle for
the admission of West Indian
spirits on the same terms aa
English, Scotch, and Irish spirits;
for the admission of sugar into the
breweries and distQleries of Great
Britain ; and for the extension of
the contracts which Lord John
Ruaaell now permitted the West
Indian to make with the African
negro in Sierra Leone, and other
British possesMons.

Mr. £, Denison felt anxiona ta
impress upon the House the pro-
priety of taking care that the
great eiperinient which for some
years past we had been trying in
the West Indies did not become a
failure. With that view he called
the attention of the House to the
course which we had pursued on
the western const of Africa, and to
the conduct which we bad adopted
towards our West Indian eoloniee.
He then estabUshed, by reference
to a maaa of public doenmente,

\

182] ANMAL REGISTER, 1846. lEngiand.

tli.it i''[r '."t)-;-^ •. ' <";;-.-rv>* :ho iho prtf-rn: r*''«'ition of pnrtie*. op-

*\.\\%' irudo ■Ti ''".•• ;y\\y'. .:' A:V-aA J'. ?o :': -: a=-.':::.im^n: and suppcrt

1 1 ix\\ W\- ' I «.■«.'{: I T '".•■..' V : •• ..• r\\- : ur.l . : :■ •. n > . ' i " ' ■ c .

iwul ili.it 'li''\ '.'. I [ ".-.v" .■.::iriii'-.i Y.r. I rri-^ii r'^triDituIaicd the

h\ ;ir» rM'M-'*'-:^ •,'.:• * ^o fi" nu-iu-v, '"'..r-.'i t' "• -i".' r- «-f Lvrd G.

lu'ullil. .liui •". ilaxitl:: i-\"«ir\i .1 l»t;T: i- -ni-.*v;i. ncd nL>onTd

t!:.it •'. wa* l.iv. ii.t.iMi' ii» add thni U\f>', : >: "m:h-:1« r .f* the Excho-

ii;.*r i-*^. ::- li,>il. fnmi ilirir riii^ .i !i.- ^--viiv :.i ;-. had oifereJ

t'.»;!ii-v. ;;^^:a*a^^l tin" hr»TTi.r> (»f 7-. li-f 7.--: in 1.-- •umT'C;' i.hadmet

li I- -''..iX;- tv.ii'.:. '..'. T-r •(•!-i-.l',l li iiii swum \-:':i m I'VLoihesis,

. ,.:.:i :..'; :!.;.; :■..•? .'.-:. vLicli i :«! liui •-••ii:- ii'-i x:i" thinl with

V. .-. I." i I-:. '.■: ^ ..«.L :.-: ^iiiv.rv !. h-'oiumii. .!•• •:.i»n tip •.•uetled to

«• ;»« ::■ '.?•:.■.'.: ■•'. '"<•» iui» -ii- r i iwiuiiiiiii" "L-.i is'-er::' a. con-

.. ...,• .• 1. .1,':- :. th-i: c: v.. h -"minLr tiui .'li'*. Ponrinokbad

: -■ •. I.-. :i»i li :'!'""i.T lJl•^'w^l•■■•^ hm iv*---. -rr ..h -i -jio -"iT-piv nf

V I,- ■■! I 111. »'<•«■: T;.i.!'i T«f Til! MI- M'^Ki- n ::■. i. . \'--rT I::die?, the

I..,,. .. ..i!!!.;:*-.!.:. :*■■•■ ii.i-nr inn \mii:ii'.--, .:■ ■ -i.- E.isr Indies,

\' ■- ■•.; •- .-."..i •■"ill I ■♦- .11.1 I..'.-. : ' ri-.-rr *.;•■*[ :;.«? cmii-

...■ ^ :■ J •■:'.■ ir.np-,!.." : ... ":-;r>ii c.arket ;

' ■■> !■ ;iT' t ..I .; t-. '.a;: :;i::if.i <:",:p eriii-

■ .• . ■ :.!:.; •'.: !:.,»■':.■ -^r:. -i -i. .- ..I'j, -i;!*-,-! .Q tlie

T. -, .;: ; .. :■..-. --.ciM-f.li ::J.-"i:;K; *- ..f' L'-rd J.

'■■ ^- "• .>^ 1^ . "iit ■; T ■ !i.i:ii'*-;!ir of

.-■ ■ ■•■■ ' ■■" :• ' i-.! -iiiv lirjct

\ . ■ • ■ " .■ ' '■:-■::? v Tr-iiiifirj a

- . ■«•:•— ■ -i^v.vT. -y -liror-
■-■ .1 ■ ■ - : ■::.• j"r<: L rd

- - . ' 111" '. ■ ' • .r.^ '.{

■- ■- ■*■ 1 inv.-. ^'i-M-ics ■■:' ai-

■•.'.'- .::ji -im: -mi. iT'TrujaMe

■^■■:::» ':■. - -r" ^.»i-.i ■^...p^..' B^en-

■ >.. - -»*♦ •"::!^ -;:.■ «.• nmr;. :i •>!'

i-!'i ".-■. '-.u-'- -■"•n;':'. cad

■:- ■. :■-- - -.:,- ill. .joiu-

•• ; - •' ■ . i.:-: "i.i.-: r - . ■ -n;. :;::i: ,;i:r

..;■• -•>,.«■. '■r-.-'-j :. n :a.i c»f»a

• -.s- •»'■■: •■ - •■" •-'-:■•: ;.;-.r.j. He

■;. if .t,.. ._...; - ..-. "-r- vrt tlie

■ ■'" ■•' -'-^ ■• i:-:v i ::;.:* ^rzrj fiT:vch
-■ ■ ••• ■■•• '■ - * :•" -I- i'v. -V.k: :: wvuld nvt

■•--■.. l::-: :. v\.ir;ino wl:»;;:>-r his

•■^- "- " - ^■■::' -u-ririvd in i-aliing

■■' ■ * H :>•• :•• aocu'uo to it

k. ■ - • • ■.. ^i^.. .* ^roat coninieroial

■*»- - ' ... ,..: — : r-w ^r.,1 to secure the

>-. • -...>. •. ••- '^-i: iz . .• r-.r..«rrceof the Brazils.

M»< ■-. ^.;j» -.^ -iTf -^zi.zdted the House that it

HISTORY.

[183

%]y lust night that tho
Uor of the Exchequer had
it a letter from a Brazilmn,
le represented as a liit^h aii-
etatmg that that trade and
mrncrce were not in exist-
id couhl neither be forfeited
ircd, Mr Diaraeii contend-
on r West Indian Colon ie;*,
their lowest fortunes, were
;iistouiers of our manufnc-
at Manehester thao the
"d pupiilation of the Hra^il^,
il the millions of nion who
our »way m Iliudostnu,
ed incomparaiily more of
roductions than all the
IS and slave-dealers in the
He did not» however, op-
ese resolutions of Ministers
hecaiii»e they were an ta go-
to our previous arranj^^e-
or the suppression of slave rv
Q ttlave-tnide ; he opposed
ecause they were antat^o-

0 die fra^nent left of the
(mml fiyntcm of England.
lured to predict, that the
wqqV\ soon retraee its steps,
construct tlmt now almost
^ted system. He said so,
* the history of England
history of reaet ion. Turn-
n this suhject, he animad-
with grout severity on the
oration delivered last night

1 San don over the cause of
a. Il completed the pic-

this eventful Session, to
noble lord, who moved the
Dfift of 1841, sitting on a
id of sii^ar in a white sheet
king penance, and crying
rt." Notwithstanding the
ion of Lord Sandon from
ks of colonial protection, lie
ught lliat its friends might
lught its battle successfully
ey been able to retain

them the late Prime

Minister. No one uoderatood the
West Indian question better than
Sir R, Peel — no one could have
been a more efl'eetive champion of
West Indian interests. Cireat,
therefore, was his mortitication
when he found Sir R. Pix'l dehver-
ing a speech fatal to all his hopes.
The reasons, too, which Sir Robert
had given for the conclusions at
which he had arrived, were more
ingenious and surprising than most
of the arguments which the Ilou.^e
had heard from his lips. He I Mr.
Disraeli) appealed to the people of
England, and asked them whether
they thought that great Colonial
interests were to be sacrificed for
such minute considerations as who
shouhl sit on the Ministenal bench?
If great priiieiples were to
given up by niendiers of Parlia
ment against their conviction for
party considerations, he should
say, ** Farewell to the Parliament
of England." Sir Robert Peel had
also said that he could not see bow
a Government could be formed
supposing the preseot Ministry to
be broken up. He did not set
much value on that declaration of
opinion, for he would tell Sir R.
Peel frankly that his /orr<* did not
lie so much in the construction as
in the destmction of a Govem-
mcnt. Ho concluded by stating,
that iu resisting these resolu-
tions he felt no hostiiity against
*the existing Government, that
be was actuated by no factious
motives, and that the friends of
protection could take no other
course than that which they Iiud
taken.

Lord John Russell said, it waa
impossible for him to accede to
the ameudiiient of Lord George
Ben ti nek. He vindicated his re-^
solutions from the objections which."
had beeu urged against them, in-

ibuuL]

HISTORY.

[185

}h» lioQse then divided, when
m Appeared —

Ayes 265

»o« 135

lajoritT for the Gorern-
ment 130

^ttle more discussion took place

tliid subject in the Uoase of

Eimcmfl. A few nights after the

we debate the resolutions were

nriaiim, and agreed to with-

A difision, St* vera I amend-

k8» however, were moved, but

tvcntuaUy withdrawn, tijs. ;

Moffatt, for the repeal of the

fentlal duties on white claved

r and Muscovado ; hy Mr.

i, for the admission of Colo-

!gar. for the next three veara,

jdnty of 10^. ; by Mr. Barkly.

bo substitution of H, 10*, for

li, tki, on candy and other

I of refined sugar, after July

the course of the diactiasion
p tnieresting tuples were re-

r. Gonlhum recommended the
Indian interest not to press
ovemment on the subject of
lugar I> titles, but to persist till
bad gained a perfect equality
ity in other commoditici^, and
i MatatatiCG in the way of la-
could he given without
any principle that had
down with rc»pect to the
^e. His own interests
intolvcd ; hut, so far
_ those exertions
ftloue impending ruin
he avoided, he intende<l,
e advif^cd others to do the
to redouble his eflbrts,
\g that there were those in
,ment who would Tirge the
meat to do justice to the
India interest.

The Chancellor of the Eicheqiier
wished the West Indians not to
confine themselres to the expres-
sion of a general principle^ but to
give him the details of the restric-
tions which they complained of.
The duties levied upon rum and
other West Indian productions
were not for the purposes of pro-
tection but of revenue, and ar-
ranged to obtain practical equality
with home produce : and if the Co-
lonists could show that in anything
their interests were not equitably
dealt with, the Government had
every disposition to take their
reasons into consideration.

Lord J. Russell expressed simi-
lar i^entimcnts. The Ministers were
anxious to look into the minutest
details of their scheme, but he was
i*ure the House would be ready to
admit that time was required for
that purpose* x\t present he was
convinced, that in arranging the
details the right cotirse had been
pursued.

In the House of Lords the
subject was debated with much
earnestness and vigour, and il-
lustrated by several very able
speeches. The principal discus-
sion took place somewhat unei-
pcetedly upon the first reading of
the Bill, which was moved by the
Earl of Clarendon, who began hy
!*tating that it had been considered
thiit it would suit the convenience
of their lordships, and it would be
likewise convenient to the public,
that the di&cussion of this measure
should take place up^:)n its earhest
stage. He observed, that Parlia-
ment had already recorded its de-
liberate judgment, that the protect-
ive system was an erroneous one,
and that legislation should not be
for the benefit of parlieular classes.
Protection had been withdrawn
from British agriculture, and this

-^ ::E:ii5fmx it^t ir-ftow.

• -r r^ '^- ''■r Tiirrr retn

" - - -._- ...* r — .-n-t ^^:-L jrTTi* jr i>:<:};in;;

— -- - .- ..'I : -T 3iIt-L in»;«i their

--- — ..• -.:-■■• : ^-^ T-riL "Uifci inffic

ii ■ ■••-: T-TTi iiiT ^-^nin-

.-_■,- ...-.M r-i- : r; ij-.v I'lr Ti zi&ke it

* ■ ■ nz! — '!-.•.-. Xi-ir" i»*_r^!«s* were

■ . • . - -.-Tv:'-... ^. .,n- ti liii West

~ :• .•-— . ^■.. ::v-:^ -anir r&ieiAl io

— '1 - :s^ '«n —-; -i unuir i:* pro-

- ■-- — -^ i -ri- iziiL Tirt Ui'i'Jr earl

• - • i- _: -..TT-*-'" T*iiit & fTeeeh

■ j---r--r--- ir 7-niaii at

" • . - — ".".^ •- i»i*im*rv., oi-r^Ario^

: - ^■-*- i.:ii*fr*«i. n- inde

- :. -.1 :.■• T.--«t V laini:^ ^e■rtri^

■ ■ 1 ._ : ". i.r " --i.-'-L 111 :-t«rrferihioa

■"•-"■ r. ... • rii^- •:=- ™* irtcessed

■~ ■ ~- . -^-.:: "T -Ti L.1 ?-.^T -r-^i.wB

. -: — ; :: ^- l*l i* ■: rejert

-!■■. T-.ii - - I— I "w - !,;::*?«.

. T. Ti ■•.,— -.». Liii «vpper
••■M-jTa-l'.f NlT. ire

.VI. ;!.L j.:.i. !!.► Brsrils
' ' . . V .: :- .• ---i.r-:.*- ;:" sIstC-

' • • ■- .' *■: -:^i-- T r-:i.i.?^-i :!re pn>-

--..-- ^:-- :-.:--r^ AU ottt

" - ■ ' ~ ' ~... ■ : ~t p "!:_* . ;->■[.-" «io(>i^
• . ■ - - • ^- : 4 :.• ■^-. --1.-.. -, '.\rr 3arro«^

- . :: ^ 1 -• -: : t : ^:.L>: the

. • ■. ■ T.: .- . r: : : . ■i.i^t^.-.. our rola-
' ' :-.---? ^ :: ^ -Ti ?:i:t*. : he claims

■ ' ' . - • - -•:.:■:_•..:::.". :r.r o-.rjandsoi

• .-. - :* - '- --•:-.:' r s i-virjSArr of life*
:■ • • :■ - . •1 -- . : r i". j":iLl.r*u:rui nx' onr

...... . . , . . . . , .• ; J . :•--::-■ *:•:::.

* .:..;■•. - '■' ...•■."• I- r ■ > :.-■-.•. V vx: rv**oJ hU eon-

' •;.' r :,'.;. j^ •-.- • ' . •. -'• v.-:.- .. :-Tvrj-.v IT. ill"-:- of'^tTvaiions of the
»i.r';r. f, It.', ft .;./,-, Tr:« > '• :i r-r- K.»rl •! ». 'u\rv liiion as to the con-
.'. .1* • ■- ii,« , A'....-l vrti r /■' r; r.' ^- \-:i'y:in>' ■•:' iri?Li:*sinL: thi? measure

'I'll lie If ir..ti'. Witii !«-i.'-r:i m tho tir*t roailiiiiT of the Bill,
I 'I III' .liivf 1 1. .ill-, ii 111* tlion^rlit ;iii<l ^ilill he shouKl have felt him-
tlitii I 111 I -I.- 1 III'' ;.YH<Mi woiil'l [lilt .'icIF jii-^titieil in enterincr his pro-
*• >i'.|» lit I lull iiiliiiiiiiiii tniilii*. h<; t'-st ut the earliest period against
tviMiliI \u h.. |Hiiiv in thiK iiii'iL^iiirc; tlilH e1iun;re in our le^i:«lation. lie
I' III, iiiiivkiili«iiiiiiiiiif{ thf^ AaerificvH fltated his deep and insuperable

^mgland ]

P^Kfions, first to the details of

^e BiJl; &econdJy, to tlic priociplo^

of the measure ; and, above qIL to

the ctrcumstatices under which atid

_tlye period of the Session at which

Hie Bill had been introduced. He

P^eed with the nohle carl that

oo constitutional principles there

v«s no objection to roaking; the

dliiie9 upon ^uga^ permanent,

»UilEcienl means remaining to the

House of Commons to control the

IgMlies to the Crown, But this

^^b a new principle ; and could

flfetr 1 on! ships say that the que?-

iivii had been brought forward with

faU warning, and at a time when

the itate of their lordship*' House

WM such that the subject could

W projierly iliscuBsed * After ex-

V'-viL' the inconsistency of those

jHiu iiftci adhereil to the principle

ecting the CoK^nial sugar

gainst the competition with

own sugar so late as 1844»

now took an active part

i undoing their own work, the n<>

Iwelord met the argument founded

ipoa the principle of free trade.

rwe trade, he observed, was now

I til ia all ; cheap sugar must be

IM, und, couipared with the be-

iflctit of free trade, slavery and

I WW »lav<.»- trade were as nothings

jBiit &Djthing less hke free trade it

^ aever been his fortune t<» see.

' Doble lortl then proceeded to

that this principle of free

had not been applied to

tea trade, and that in the

^Ij^nt prisition of the Ea,st and

^^Vi^H Indies a competition between

^^Pf^Qi and shiTc Colonies could not

"^ pftrried on upon equal terms.

*nir(i our Colonies hod not the

<^)ftunand of laliour, to talk of their

Competing with slave Colon ies was

• ajere m»H'kery* and a cruel one.

objected to the Bill on the

Oonda of expediency, policy^ and

HISTORY.

[187

humanity. With respect to its
expediency and policy, he showed
that the pnces of sugar had de-
creased, under a system of protec-
tion, from 485. a cwt. in 1840 to
32*. llrf. in 1S45, whilst tho sup-
ply had augmented from 163, QUO
to 245,000 tons. This was his
answer to the argument founded
upon the plea of a augar famine,
and there was the prospect of an
increased supply in future years.
Lord Stanley then contended that
this measure would tend to en-
courage the shivo-trade, and would
add 5/. per ton to the profit of
the slave proprietors and slave im-
porters of Cuba and the Braxils.
If so, eould it be expected tiiat the
West Indies could contend against
an additional premium of 5L per
Urn to the producer of slave-grown
sugar? Her Majesty *s Govern-
aient should say whether they in-
tended to keep up the establish^
ments on the coast of Africa to
put down the shive- trade. If
they did, they would be doing
with one hand and undoing with
the other ; and did th t»y believe
they would not become the laugh-
ing-stoek of the world if, for the
sake of an abatement of one half-
penny a pound upon our sugar,
and of a temporary augmentation
of our revenue^ we undid nil the
work we had been doing for years
past i lie asserted that the West
Indian colonies might compete with
foreign sugar-growing countries, if
they had a dense population ; and
he wish*^ to know what was the
amount of free immigration which
Her Majesty's Government pro-
posed to authorize in the West
Indies, Did they mean that the
West Indians should be allowed to
go to the coast of Africa, and import
free negroes from thence? If not,
what were the restrictions they in-

156'

LJ

HISTORY.

[189

?tlj and openlr, hvti dis-
fad casiiisticaUy, supply-
Austria , and other
iflfci it, nut merely lu
Dt in British sliip^,
rpnissetit measure wo were
) Apply a wholesome Bttmu-
duet ion of free-grown
he was happy to say
was a disposition, both
Against the elave-trado,
I the Brazils in favour of a
|flf_frce labour in the culti-
Har, After expressinir
promote the access vf
uiliourerd to the West lodian
«mrjj, the noble marquis con-
ioi by suo-gestinjj to Lord
uli^y to withdraw his niotiou,
. Ai more respectful to the
*^ tif Commons, to make it
fi the s^ond reading of the

Urd Ashburton opposed the BilL

1 i] that the system of re-

i>tection was the true

>tero. If it was done

!u the Colonies would

to be of value to this

Was every bt>dy, then*

ed to carry their ma-

to Jamaica and Canada

I iame terms as we received

elves * If that were the

be gentlemen in Manchester

eted such great benefits

free trade would discover

their own favourite arti-

otton, the monopoly they

DO one could take from

would be defeated m

these Colonies, It had

, by some of those gen-

m the Committee on Land

Aniens, that the Americans met

eaafully in the Brazilian

markets with coarse

»; and why should they not

beat them in our own

r? The unfortunate West

Indian had been worse treated
than any other

Lord Mo lit eagle followed in sup-
port of the measure. The whole
history of our legislation on this
subject during the last twenty
years hnd been nothing but a
succession uf changes ; so it was
absurd to say that the House was
pledged to anything. In reference
to Lord Stanley *9 taunt about the
small rethiction that the proposed
uieastire would effect in the price
of sugar, he remarked t!mt the
whole trade of a country might
turn on the five-eighths of a penny.
This had occurred tn the case of
cotton. The West Indian interest
had received full warning that the
Sugar Question must be settled.
He considered that this was A
most legitimate mode of recruit-
ing the resources of the country;
that it was commereially a good
measure, ajid morally not a bad
one.

Lord Brougham said, that after
havioi; recently addressed their
lordships on this subject he had
now little to add. He still thought
that this was a moat unprecedented
way of dealing with so large a
measure, and that it was a most
unprecedented time to deal with it.
The more he was of opinion that
this question ought to be perma-
nently settled, the more he felt
that this Bill ought to have been
brought forward at an earlier
period of the Session. He then
proceeded to urge the injustice of
passing thia Bill without uO^ording
the West Indians an opportunity
of being heard against it ; how
did their lordships know, if they
were heard, that the Colonists
could not make out a satisfactory
case ac!:Bin»t this measure? The
West Indians could not have been
prepared for such extraordinary

1>-

the '
giea-
to t:

HISTORY.

[191

ell!

tti ibe suppression of ibe
le, had slumbered when
ice* tv'ould have been of
,ncc, aud reminded him
he held a high post in
King's Government, be
the Colonial Secretary to
Awisted with the ditHeiil-
i€ted with (bat question.
Grey) beUeved that tlie
Jtn would be slimnbited
ii3ure to exertions uliieh
bic them suceessfnilj to
with ftlavo cultivation,
he was still convinced eould
»ep up a race with free labour.
|4r lo the question of Lord
l«tj, ft9 to the restrictions to be
. off immigration, the nohle earl
thnt as the allowintif of indl?*-
113 1^ immig-rntiun of negroes
Africa would he liable to
It was not intended to &anc-
llttL If any snfe to ode could
JTfit^d out, it would be desirable
the Kronmen sbonld be en-
g«d to migrate to our co!*mies
g the eane harvcBt, and re-
lo ihelr native country. All
propufeed was to allow ro-
cm titration from our own
s in Africa and India,
noble earl concluded by ox-
ittg bi^ belief that this BiU
I eventually lead to the cxtinc-
„Dot only of slavery, but of the
-triwle.

some further dtsenssion of
▼erBAtional kind, Lord Stanley
Irew his niotioo, and the Bill
road a first time, tin the
m being made that it be read
jond time on the followin<jj
sdny. Lord Stanley moved as
meudment, to postpone it to
day six months, but it was
;iTed without a divi,*,ion.
a second reading, accordingly,
_; proposed on the day ayi-
ied, the Bishop of Oxfurd

moved that it be read a second
time that day three months. Uis
speech was almost entirely ad-
dressed to the anti-slavery view of
the question. He began with a
modest disclaimer : he should not
have ventured to oppose the Go-
vernment on a matter of ti nance or
revenue ; hut this was a question
deeply atleeting the moral cha-
racter of the country, its name for
juiitice and humanity. The Bill
went upon the ground that a greater
Bupply of sugar was needc^l ; there
muht be a greater importation of su-
gar not Wer*t LMlinn, Sir J. Hogg
had shown thnt it could not come
fron> the East Indies, therefore
it must eome from Cuba and the
Jlrazils ; they must export more ;
to do that they must make more;
btit being semi-barbarous countries^
they €lo not augment their produce
by machinery ; they do it by the
rude labour of human muscles— by
slaves ; they must, therefore, Imve
more slaves ; the *»lave- trade will
be directly encouraged, iinolving
its awful waste of lifc^ which is as
three to one of slaves actually im-
ported, to say nothing of the wars,
slave -hunts, and other miseries
of internal Africa, lie treated
the argument about cottun, and
other slave -prod nee, which we ad-
mit, as untenable, asking if we
should authorize murder because
we cannot prevent houMirenking.
As to copper, he would join in
excluding it. But, most emphati-
cally, he denied the assertion that
etforts to suppress the slave-trade
!md failed i we were on the very
verge of extingursbing it by sealing
up tlie coast «»f Africa ; and who
cimld say what the increase would
have been but for our ititcrventiou '?
Contracts for limiting trade to le-
gitimate ohjtM]!ts have been made
by African chiefs : Portugal and

vrr

aNNU.LL register, 1846. lEngUmd.

r.-.\-.'-- V •■■ • - r »-—.-: 11-^ VIA L- :

t .i , .1 ' . V i ".'1 ■ i'" «.'"i«.i- L *»'!■•-

Hi/ hi'l ;ir •■ ■ • ..I' -;■•'. I.' •■•! rV'iiii
f.iir itiiir^f -'.r. .\..- ,•::!-- r -.i»' -ia.'"-
Iiii'l'- i^«»-» ir.j." . .- *■! ".!•? :..i'*'r-
iiM-fiih:^ <:fiiiri?r'.'-. r: ■ •* :pr.*«iSi?«i
III 4 «li«|i ni^nf. tu nr.'i :l:.ir. ;unL

II : ill" i^'i.il w;i^ in vi*:*'. .1 ai-M-

Kiiii' ulni'iM \tf jiro|iM*'il, tr.ir :ne-
«itii)>l>' i-tlirt lit' which wi.iilii h*i
l,i iii>|ii-ii thi* -il<ivr;-tra4l<: i:i all ili
I, .11 till •;

rill* rii<h<i|i nf Ijiinilon .-rc«inileii

,),. aiiHiiiliMriit. TImt n.-iult ot'

I,,. , ..ml. hi n mm «»f thi' ar^runn'iits

„■... Ii 1« I.I hiiM inhlri-^-ii'il to their

!..,.! .'••;• 1 '•'» 'hi' tiist rcniling of

I,,-; „ I :. «li.i( li (hl> iii<>:ii)iirc

.1 11 M .mM sinrri'iii till' *hivc-

, ; ,!, . i)...|iM.iii III' ^*hii-!i was

.. i!, . I.n.-hri- .1 I'.Mturr^ i:i the

, ., , ,, ,;.i ri-iM\ Hi- riirht

,. ,, I ,, ,. ■! I li'i'l .ii'wn. rii.it if

. . ..'ill.- I ! i: ■;/■ ini'.'iM-r i»t

,,,,,., ..r .M .• ir . II mu-t ho

^ ■ , ... , , . . I .■■ \n ill"* u'-mhor

. , ^ ..,,,. . . .1 ■■i!» r»t i/.il <uiil

I ",. II I'li'i. ! « l'» !!■»«■

, . . ..... . : , l"'\ "' Wi'

,.■,,.. '.1 .1 i.i...^ lO "I*

. , , .-.'.I . I \ ■'.■ ""ii'l'' '*'i

... ■.■.' , ; ; •:. i" ." i*'--* »"•!

I., .i ni-'l ••■•! "'!••

■ . M 1-% Ml»

, .... ii:! I I'-il. ■M.l'*-

V i.iiii. iMl.!! «<.l^i'

, , I. ii.iMi'f iiii ■»-^«.;''.

. . ■. . I'-.MI -'^ ■• ''

, I. ... «t "111(1,

. ■ : . . ■ . . . 1 1 . i > ,

. ■ .'. .Ill 111"*.

, I . ■.. .• ..'» I "i N .

I , I.'. I -. Ill •
I ., .1. . it. .1

ix k -"taiu i.in chis cuiinirv which nj
r'utup^ '.i^iri:^iiiiioii would remyve.

rill.- Marquis >)i Liin.fduwiK- enm-
niinu'iiceiL rht* Bi:>hup nt' ()ilunl
ID* III TJie t*ioqiieiici* ho hd«l liia-
oi.i 'Ml, «ih."*ervinir, chat u[Mjn thii
■ine^tii.in the nirht r.'v».'renil i-rxlaie
iimi niMMiiiiir ■.•iaims cu the .ittentiuD
fX :injir i.oril.-hip:«. AiUT reolvinj
brrdy :o 'i4jme ot tiit* remarks of
chi^ ')iaiiiip, cho nohle man^iiis ub-
serv»^i. thai it was the opiniuu of
chijistr oonviT^ant with the &ub-
ji?«.'t. that hv tT«*eiiom uf trade,
an«i a lib».'nii and goncrou? p<jlk'j
a.? far a.s oommorce was coacemed,
briniria:! with it an Increase of
moral anil r^'liirious feelings, ao
impulse Would be given to free
labour. lie could not but consider
the scarcity of petitions against
the Bill a most decisive proof that,
in the opinion of the country, this
measure was not retrogressive;
other wise, instead of half-a-dozen
petitions presented agaiD.-it it in
the last few weeks, the table would
have been covered with them, lie
haih'd this as a proof that th*:^
ciiuntry did not participate in tbo
tVMr< L'f the twii riirht reverend pre—"
Uti>. and that the pei>ple believe^^
tha: n...i only would the interest^
i.'f i.'«.»ii':!ierce bo extended by thl^
TiK-a^iirt.'. but that, ultimately, in^
o«Mri..-..-:i..'n widi it. the moral feel —
M^s ..:' :i:diikiud wvuld lead to ai^
!i;Mi ..•ii'.liaiiiisia •.•! slavery.

I' le::' 'I'.-n.L-aii*? then divided. -
%i!ii.-:! '.:!o ?iu rubers w..re —

'•' li- '.w .'n^inal i^uestion 28
1- II liic .i.-iiOudiTicu: . . 10

M i;ur'i> 'V'r :he secvad
vaa. 11^ . .IS

HISTORY.

rio3

CHAPTER VIL

MiMceUaneo^u Mmiure^ — Ths Govemtnent propose to renew ih^ Irish
Amu Bill — DissatUfaction excited hj this announcement — Ejplana
titm o/ the Seer eta ri/ for Ireland^-Debate on the Second RewUnff —
Btmarkt of Mr, Lahouchere, Mr. Hume, Mr, B. Escott, Mr. B.
Oebome^ Mr, T, Dttncomhe, and otJier Members — Lord Morpeth and

»Loind John Russell intimate a xcillintfueu to make concessions — ^7^
Second Heading is carried hy a majority of 33 — On a subsequent
090mng Lord John Rusull announces the determination of the Qovem-
iMtffll to abandon the Measure— Distress in Ireland occasioned hy the
recurring failure of the Potato Crop— Lord John Russell proposes a

I measure for the employtnent of the population in Public Works — Ess*
planation of the Ministerial scheme in detnil — Remarh of Mr, D.[
Bfotttiet Mr. Williams^ Mr. Lahoucltere, the Earl of Lincoln, and
^ih^ Members — The Public Works Bill passes the Commons^ and is
introduced in the House of Lords by the Marquis of Lansdoume —
Speeches of Lord Monteagle^ the Earl of Wicklow, and other Peers —
Ihciaratiofi of Lord Lansdmrne respectifig out-door relief — Further
discussions in Parliament resitecting the impending scarcity in Ireland
*^^p§eches of the Earls of Roden and Clarendon, and of Mr, Dillon
Sromte and Mr. Lahouchere ^-Flogging in the Army and Military
^^errm — Tendency of public opinion on this subject — Captain Layard
f an Address to the Croicn praying for an Inquiry, with a nVif to
Ute period of enli%tment — His Speech on moving the Address
I* Spseehes of Mr, Fox Mautc and other Metnbers — The Motion is
-An order is issued from the Commander-in-Chief limiting
^tjk# Sentences of Courts Martial to fifty lashes — Lord John Russell
makes a statement upon the sulject^-Dr. Bowring moves a Resolution
in facQur of the toUU abolition of /logging — Speeches of Captain
Lf^rd, Mr, B, Osborne, Colonel Peel^ Colonel Reid, Mr. Wakley,
Mr. FoiF Mauls, and other Members — Dr, Boundng's Motion is rejected
hf « large majority — Statement of the Duke of Wellington in the
Htmss if Lords ott the suhject of the recent order^^Occupation of
Crmi^m by the Austnon Government — Lord Beaumont moves for
p^ptrs rdHuing thereto — Speeches of the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord
KmsstMd^ aiMl the Duke of Wellington — Mr. Hume makes a similar
Motion in ih€ Home of Commons — Speeches of Mr, Miln^ and of Lord
Pmkn^rsiem^Sees of St, Asaph and Bangor — Earl Poitis brings in a
Bm to rescind the proposed union — Debate on the Second Beading —
I Im. LXXXVIIL [0}

HISTORY.

[107

1 to dbpenie
ther, and

irse to le-

lUDj the Go-

-ii|H>ti to Intro-

M elation on

I lie Baiisc

nistera m-

au ^jBtem of

IrJ it up as tbo

'' was more ex-

I ■ '^ own eou-

I or elev*>n

I.-, ■.vlndi iiiid

^libo fire Vi}sEi ling of
► ^m fi^Tiiig fire-
in trod uc*
rirc-nrma
1 to these
u^ BUI, he
ait lo tUem in
ilhI other puris*
had 0|>|)Oi^od the

^' rre^tl with

n thinking

iM liro ye.^ation

iwdoimLte elaufiea

iii&lus was now

iLink with tc~

thoBe clauBCs that

bd cxpimf]ji.Ml frciin

ho iu thi? power of

" >t<J their wiahcB,

amendments in

I eaiiiiot shrink from

&»kin|f this Houst\

apukr the men sure

to eontinue some re-

(•the posseasion of arms

' Tlte declaration in the

all these Bills la, that

prevent improper per-

ig ftrtnB. Now, I wish

je to observe, whatever

tfiij hftTO been thrown on

Mni of ihe right honour-

Baoorder of Dublin, that

it IB a different thmg to contmue a
law in England bj which all maj
haTe arma, and to abro^te a law
in Ireland by which restnctions are
nlaeed on the poBseBsion of anna.
I have no doubt that the throwing
out of this Bill would encourage
many of those malefactors in Ire-
land who go about deliberatelj of-
fering their assistance to murder
for money."

After some altercation between
Mr. Duncombe and Lord John Rus-
sell, Lord Seymour asked the noble
Lord whether he would consent to
strike out of the Bill those clauses
which he had voted against when he
sat on the other side of the House.
In that case the Government should
have his vote, but not otherwise.

Lord J. Russell answered, that
if Lord Seymour referred to two
or three of the more objectionable
clauses, he would consent to such
a proposition.

The House tlien divided —

For the second reading 56
Against it 23

Majority

33

The anticipations which most
persons had been led to form, from
the wavering anguage of the Mi-
nisters respecting this measure,
were not long in being realized.
On the 17th, Lord John Russell
announced to the House the aban-
donment of the Bill. He said
that, in asking 'for a temporary
renewal of the Bill, the only ob-
ject was to enable the Ministers
to consider the whole of its provi-
sions, with the view of determining
whether the system should be alto-
gether abandoned or modified. He
looked upon this as a reasonable

Proposition, seeing that Parliament
ad placed restrictions upon the

.a. aegister, 1846. :e»!fic

. .i-iii*i : -T ±it 'jnveram*ynt for the SAaie

.jioai Hrt. Having -iiiuwri thAt in

oae- Tirciia.'^t; •»t laiii^n e»:m. In di

k .a -i-'t ,iL«»ic '••"'rikd. .a ^eneril prts

•■''-I'jiL': :i: •"•■-maieui li^i c-i^^LkTi
.i..«L .•_' •Li'.i r -bt.* -»tiijruf: :•:* Irei

-ler iz^v -i^Ai-i r " • ':••• ri^pAii

•ir z • :::'. r "Hv •.•vii ¥!i:cii :L:<mt

-tn.'ii .L.i 1^ ."••••r.-.vi '■_• .*:n:ctijr. in«

. . :. ... M- -.n'"- -i n-iu '.hat

- ..*. 1- . : ..-' .1-- -sT^r^sieti his

. . . .i: • : •.::« ..Ij— i '■: -:a:c,

- • ... L- ..: - ." ▼•.-•• i: pr-iacQi

"i.t:. .. .-.'"-■: " :r:w .i^'i 'v;

.mv. .-: ' _. -•;r«r»"n f x*

.:••„,- ■-..:: -.. Ilt; pn^ap^a,

... * ^ T\5 .i,^ y^:ir 1

- . — :. ^-..; I ^'la Ii

r . - i. — :-^ ■•.>ora:«ni

: ".: ■ oTtjr* \

' — . . - ■■ I Zini-slc;

-■^.'

•.ui: 1.

- ■..;i" i

r.r. :o

_ -.pi :

■ii •■

- mini-

, - : :- *-l

iei" "f

■». -V— •!•

..Q, ,»!

: -^ *■

a:-! i'v

•• ..^'i ■ •

■nior

^ni i*i

S'.CO"!

. HI! .Tiro

tMtCl

•£'.'

►.-:> ,1 the

Boan

mdJ]

HISTORY.

[199

*JL, Adranoee would be made
tt^ Treasury for the purpoaoa
Jp Works, to be repaid in ten

at 3^ per cent, interest, the
I rate ever taken for worka of
Idnd. Uaring described the
er in which be intended to
I© for the repayment of these
kcee, ho next informed the
fiittee how he intended to pro-
br the ease of poor districts,
I ii would be impossible for
tone J to be repaid. He pro-
, to grant 50,000^ for the
»ea of those districts, where
\ of pubUc utility would be
takea by the Government on
pn f^ponsibihty. He also
sed that eumniissariat olHcera
i be stationed in different

of Ireland, who should from
k> time communicate wiili Sir
pplli on the state of distress
a* several districts. As evil
riaen from interference by the
rumen t with the supply of the

> foodt he did not propose to
bre with the regular mode by
I Indian corn and other kinds
lin might bo brought into the
ry. There might, however,
ttimilar cases where it might
weaaarjr to employ the com-
riat officers. He also added,
lU the officers of the commis-
f, and of the Board of Works,
I be paid by Government for
IMTicea they performed. II av-
beae objects in view, he pro-
i, first, that a sum should be
I to defray the expenses al-

► incurred; then a vote for
t advances by Exchequer billn
k« purpose)) stated in the Bill,
ben the vote for the districts

I might speedily require it.
K>iiaidered the present as a

II ease requiring the inter\*en-
|f Parliament, and render ijig
^ative on Uic Government to

take extraordinary measures for the
relief of the people. He trusted
that the course which he was pro-
posing would convince the poorest
among the Irish people that the
House was not insensible to the
claims which they had upon it as
the Parliament of the United King-
dom, He concluded by assuring
the Committee^ that the lale Mi-
nistry had shown a very laudable
anxiety to meet this evil — that the
remedies which they applied had
been suited to the occasion— ^ that
the present Government was imi-
tating the spirit in which they had
acted, and was endeavouring to
take advantage of their experience
to correct errors which wore in-
evitable, in consequence of unfure-
scen difficulties.

After some conversation between
Mr, Uurao and the Chancellor of
the Exchequer,

Mr. D. Browne expressed his sa-
tisfaction at the speech and propo-
sition of Lord John Russell. He
recommended the introduction of a
more extensive system of poor laws
into Ireland, for the purpose of
making the landlords more atten-
tive to the interests of their te-
nantry. He also recomm ended the
Government to promote manufac-
tures in Ireland.

Mr. Williams considered the Go-
vernment to be doing nothing more
than its duty in providing agaiust
the threatened famine in Ireland.
He was convinced tliat, if a proper
system of poor laws were intro-
duecil into Ireland, the landlords
would then discover means lo ob-
tain employment for the poor,

Mr* Labouchere considered any
incidental discussion on the poor
laws quite useless at that moment.
He eulogized the measures of the
late, and defended the projiOHition
of the present Government, The

I

HISTORY.

[201

zU

L

the

' ex-
mild
*isrr in
so small
' dfor
-reat
wUicii would
Iraile in In-
ided him
. tLat the
ut>t only ac-
res to the use
, friod, hut had he-
> their usual food,
of that article
her Bide of the
of the Me-
''iriis DO reason
any deficiency in
'ttiat description of
■ish people.
. ttf 50.000;. would he
luate to its purpose*
crijitions in aid of the
be required* The
ht* House provided that
ropnymcTit of tlie ad-
uld he levied on the poor
ii>itiun; hut, in taking that
*h, they were adopting a
udi bad proved fraudulent
mL So variahle was that
>«, that property estimated
*t 64/. might bo valued to-
Jf 73/,; property valued
Bfeht bo raised to lUG^,
fmm., and BO on. The
W be a greater blow against
A?«^cj»enta now going on,
thing that had yet taken
he propo**ition would work
W»« ^ho were willing to

amend the state of the tenantry
on their own estates, and was
against the principle of the clause
moved by the Duke of Wellington
in the Poor Law, They were now
departing frora that principle, and
making a well-managed estate pay a
greater tax in proportion to the im-
provement ; whiJst the rackrented
unimproved land in the vicinity
would have the benefit. This was
a rank injustice ; and upon theao
grounds he thought the Bill would
prove mischievous. He wished to
know how any one could distinguish
the system under this Bill from a
system of out- dour relief ? In tlie
Committee on Land Burdens, Mr.
♦Senior det-lared that if to the ex-
isting Poor Law of Ireland there
was superadded an out-door relief,
the mischief winch had been pro-
duced in England during a period
of three hundred years would be
produced in Ireland within ten
years, and would lead to an entire
confiscation, Mr, Coniwall Lewis
thought it would be a disastrous
measure — that it would absorb all
the surplus produce of the soil, and
in a short time prove most detri-
mental to the persons it was in*
tended to benefit; anil Mr.Gnkon,
Mr. Twi^^leton, Mr. (lemeuts*, the
Archbishop of Dublin ^ the Arch-
bisliop Murray, and Lord Gleugall,
were equally strenuous in their ob-
ject ions to any >^uch projiOijal.

The Earl of Wick low conctirred
in all that had fallen from ibc Mar-
quis of Lansdowne, but objected,
like Lord Monteagle, to the rates
being levied according to the poor
law valuation. He thought, too,
that the clergy ought to be exempt,
conatdering the many calls which
were made upon their charity.

The iHikeof Grafton was appre-
hensive that, if the funds to be
raiaed tiuder the Bill were to be

k.

200]

ANiNUAL REf

Iftte GoT^rnmcEit End taken ftztm-
&Mmaj mcftNurea to iiitroflQ<!f: »
supply of Iniliau corn mUi Ireland;

but now tlio com trude wnn pcr-
fectlj open, and nothing cviM hv
more fatal to llie ititereati* of thv
eountrj thaii that Govemmtait
should undorUko the tmde of llur
corn merchant, IJ^ hoped that tli«
BDl^ which, in oceordftnco with the
intentions of Lord J* Buif<iU, it
would he his duty to hr ou thr

table of tho lloiisc^^ woum ^ rr

the Irbh poojilc from l»ehi
a slate of dcAtitutloa, wliiU: r. ^
provide e£Bcient chcclti in luit
the Qdministration of i£iea»mn:-
their relief.

The Earl of Lmoolri ihn
the measures ot ilw latf
muni hiid damoralizi ■'
of the khoormi^ popu'
land, ami obbcrvea tfni i
tho Uica^iire^ of thr i
¥ ern m c n t , w h i eh wof* i
them, would lay it ■ .
Bunift imputation* ^
howe^f^r, that oaiuid'
had U«eu diirived iVm
jiuri*» nf Utr- l*^* "■
iiud that j^f

HISTORY,

[203

trfiii
cferi

it^ cvov of Indian com
I tea was abtin>
jcd tbat that cir-
led with the ex-
(overament, and the
I, no doubt, would
the Irish Inndlordtt
to mitigate the effect a
c^amity. AU the
didiresa which pre-
~ had been aocom-
ihc gi-atifying asaur-
^IIm people in general
llio greatest patience
ible dispositton un-
eircum stances;
lorgy of all dciiomi-
Caihohc and Fro-
tiaed their best eflbrta
spirit of exaggeration
we whiclb. if spread abroad,
lead to the moat oyil consc*
*»,

\»m^ the Buhjects which en-
tlm att«jntion of Parliament
the latter part of its aeg-
rai that of military reform.
I ialoreat had lately been ex*
ihia direction by the eir-
of a private who had
id under sentence of a
ial liaving ahortly after*
though witether solely
« in conacqncDce of his
it, waa a matter of ranch
both of medical and
itntoo. However, the con-
of flogging naturally led
retpecting other points
lai7 discipline and treatment,
I opinion, that the condition
I aoldier required iuvestiga-
%nd reform f began to gain
[lb. Capta-in Layard gave
to this prevailing ten-
e pubUe mind, by a ma-
came on for diBiniBsion
ise of Commons on the

to thia effect: —
an Uomble Addreai be

presented to Her Hajeaty, praying
that she will be gracionely pleased
to direct inquiry to be made how
far the reduction of the period of |
service in the army from the pre-
sent unlimited term would tend to
procure a better class of recruits^
diminish desertion » and tlms addfi
to the efficiency of the serrico."

In support of his argument, Cap-
tain Layard quoted a number of
returns. From one of these it ap-
peared, that the deaertiona in Ca-
nada, Great Britain, and Ireland,
in the years 1842, 1843, and 1844,
amounted to 7»537, Of these de-
serters, 4,638 had been retaken
or had ^ven themselves up, and
2»899 remained unaooounted for^
From another return it was shown,''
that for the Bve years ending
1844-5, 17,020^. hid been paid
for the apprehension, subsistence,
and escort of deserters; and that
54,500i. had been paid for the
maintenance of men in confine-
ment. Another return stated, that
from the 1st of January, 1839, to
the Slat December, 1843, 3|355
men had undergone corporal pu-
nishment. But the most astound-
ing fact of all was, that during the
Bamc period 28,190 comraittals td*
prison had taken place. Captain
Layard also stated a number of
particulars, fihowing the sutferinga
men will undergo to escape from
the service. In the cavalry, tho
eases of suicide were found to
amount to one in every twenty
deaths, or nearly 1,000 of thft-
strength per annum. Soldien
often maimed themselves to obtain
their discharge, or else became con-
victs. Captain Layard suggentod
a plan for obviating the objection,
that a very considerahle expense
would be incurred by sending
home men from foreign places at
the expiration of their service.

208]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. VBngyni.

long discussion. It was supported
by Mr. W. Williams, Captain Lay-
ard, Mr. Bemal Osborne, Mr. Wak-
ley, Mr. Bright, and Mr. Hume;
and opposed by Mr. Neville, Colo-
nel Peel, Mr. Fox Maule, Mr. C.
Buller, Colonel Reid, Mr. Goul-
burn and Colonel Wood. These
gentlemen, though unfavourable to
Dr. Bo wring's motion, expressed
no disinclination to a measure of
moderate reform. Sir C. Napier,
Mr. Craven Berkley, and Colonel
Sibthorp, expressed a more em-
phatic hostility to the principle of
the motion.

Colonel Peel argued that the
punishment would be necessary so
long as the constitution of the
British Army should continue as
at present. At the same time, the
benefit to be derived from flogging
was in proportion to the rarity of its
infliction. It was, indeed, notorious
that, in regiments whore corporal
punishment was constantly inflict-
ed, it was found to be perfectly in-
eflicient: it descended to be a mere
punishment without any salutary
etfect upon those who witnessed it,
and without any benefit to the in-
dividuals upon whom it was in-
flicted.

Captain Layard was glad that
the authorities at the head of the
army had at last seen that a ne-
cessity existed for altering the sys-
tem of corporal punishment. It
was, however, but a late conver-
sion; for only a fortnight ago 200
lashes might have been inflicted,
and nearly 150 had been inflicted,
on a military ofl'ender. He pro-
ceeded to defend the expediency of
abolishing corporal punishment in
the British Army, by reference to
the admirable consequences which
had resulted from the abolition of
it in the Indian Array by Lord W.
"" *^tiuck. Being informed by Mr.

Bernal that Lord Hardinge had re-
introduced flogging into Uie S^oy
regiments, he observed that b
was sorry to hear it ; but it was «
proof, that if it should be iovaA
that discipline could not be main-
tained without it, we could recur
to it without fear of danger. He
should certainly vote in favour of
Dr. Bowring*a resolution, which
ho supported by reading the eleren
objections which Sir C. Napier had
drawn up against the inhamtn
practice of flogging.

Colonel Reid made an imprcssire
appeal to the House on the discom-
forts of the soldiery in their bw-
racks, and on the deficiency of the
pensions awarded them on their
retirement from the service; and
contended, that till these grievance^
were remedied it would be impos-
sible to elevate their moral cond^'
tion. Would the House belie^"^
that at this moment soldiers hm^*
not common means of properB^
washing themselves ! Peraon^^
cleanliness was a great point C^
discipline, most strictly enforced
and if a soldier appeared dirty o^
parade he was liable to punish^
ment. Now, not less than twenty
or thirty men slept in one room ^
and the only means they had of^
washing themselves was a couple
of buckets of water, and thcj^
had all to wash in them. Then^
the crowded way in which they*
lived, twenty or thirty men bein^
crowded into one room, had an^
ill eflect upon their health. At^
the age of forty or forty-five, iw-
man became old and unfit for ser-
vice ; and he could only attribute
this to the foul air they breathed.
The windows could not be opened,
because a man slept close to the
window.

Mr. Bemal Osborne still doubted
the practicability of abolishing cor-

HISTORY.

[209

pimishmcDt altogether with
present urmj; but he would
the Government to establish
etter mode of constituting the
ay; and he suggested t^nt the
eirperiment of total abolition should
be tried upon the Ilousehold Bri-
gade,

Mr. Waklej said, that a current
of opinion had set in against the
practice of flogging, which the
Houiic would find it difficult to re-
list, and he expressed hia surprise
tbat the Government were not pre*
p&red to consent to its entire aboli-
tion. Ho then proceeded to vindi-
eite his own conduct against some
reflections which had been made
H|ioa it in reference to the late in-
foeftl which he had held as Coro-
ner upon the soldier named White,
rhose case has been already ad-
verted to. He strongly supported
>r, Bowring's amendment, not
letnjg satisfied with the diminution
D tlic punishment made by the re-
rent order at the Horse Guards.

Mr. Fox Maule, advening to Dr.
Bowriog^s statements respecting
3ie soldier ^Vllite'& case, said, it
Rras very easy to dress up this
luestioii in such a way as would
bafTQW up men's feelings ; but
be eallod upon those who would
tiDt permit the practice of flogging
to bo justified on the stem plea of
sity» to state what punish-
[it they would substitute in its
The public njiud had been
ved on this subject by an unfor-
atc occurrence, and but for that
Burrence, he believed that no

tice would have been taken this

Session of the code of punishment
iiiflieted in the army. In juBiice
those whoso names had been
led up with that occurrence, be
bound to say that every thing
lich they bad done had been done
i confonnitT with the rulefl of the
Vou LXXXVllL

service. Having defended the con-
duct of Colonel Why te, as the com-
manding ofiicer of the 7th Hussars^
he proceeded to express hia regret
at the mamier in which the pri-
vates of that regiment had been
called to give evidence against
their officers, and to state tTiat it
must undergo further investiga-
tion, lie also expressed his regret
at the death of private White.
When the Duke of Wellington
heard of it, he said at once,
'* This shall not occur again ;
though I believe that corporal
punishment cannot be dispensed
with, yet I will not sanction that
degiee of it which shall lead to
loss of life and limb/' He there-
fore suggested at once that all
punishments should be reduced to
fifty lashes. In that suggestion
the Government willingly con-
curred, and he trusted thai when
they had sueeceded in raising the
character of the British soldier,
the power of corporal punishment
would become dormant, and tho
uao of the lash unknown to the
British amiy.

After some further discussion,
chiefly in reference to the soldier
Wliite^a case, and the imjuest upon
it, the House divided, when there
appeared—^

For Dr. Bowring's reso-
lution • . . . « 37
Against it 97

Majority against . 60

Mr- Osborne subsequently moved
another amendment, which was
also rejected.

A few nights afterwarils, the
same subject was brought under
notice in the House of Lord?* by
the preseiiiation of some y)etition8
against flogging, when the Duke of
Wellington took the oppertunity

t

:::::i!:-.n a
■■■■•ir l-'i

r iailv T>

... :.h "v

- : Till'

": "ui'i!

'ill

MngJand,]

wardf mooted in both Houses of
PnrlUment. In the Upper House,
Lord BoaumOQt moved for the pro-
du<?tion of papers and correspond-
ence between tkia country And the
eourtft of Vienna, Petersburgh, and
Bt5rlm, respecting events which
hftd lately taken place at Cracow
in riolation of tho treaty of Vi-
enna. The noble Lord said that ho
brought forward this motion upon
tkree groandi : — first, that it was
n^<^58«rT for this country to en-
! r e treatios to which the Sove-
reign of this realm had become a
party ; secondly, that it became
Booeaaary to do so with a view to
ike BtftiBtenance of the balance of
power in Eoropc ; and thirdly, on
llie broad ground of humanity; and
proceed^ at great length to prove
ituU tbe independcnco of Cracow
hmA been guaranteed at the Con-
of Vienna, and was now vio-
.tcd by the steps taken to quell
e late insurrection in Gallicia.
He also referred to the butchery of
tlfto nobles by the peasants in that
t of Poland, and while he he-
ed that tho Government at
had been ignorant of those
he charged them with
_ leel in not taking sufticicnt pre-
»Qtions to prevent the outbreak.
conclusion, he erpressed his con-
icc in the noble lord at the
of Foreign AtFairs, nnd hoped
at all peaceful and proper nieanB
lold be taken to prevent tho hke
rocities in future.
The Manjnie of Lansdowne
ed with Lord Beaumont in
g that the independent ex-
of Cracow was guarantee*!
treaty of Vienna, and la-
that any thing shoidd
ne<l to justify a depar-
wcvcr temporary, from that
dencc — there could be no
hoircver^ that Cracow had

i&tcd

fietiua

ure, hov

been the focns from which the re-
volutionary movement had spread
Itself over Gallicia, and a tempo-
rary occupation of tiie city had been
the necessary consequence. It
was desirable that this occupation
should he as short as possible, and
at this moment conferences were
going on having for their object
the reconstruction of tho civil Go-
vernment of Cracow, With re-
spect to the excesses in Galli-
cia, ho could not contradict the
noble lord*t statement, but until it
waa officially proved he could never
believe that the Austrian Govern-
ment had played the part which
some of tho accounts represented.

The Duke of Wellington con-
curred in the sentimeuts expressed
by Lord Lansdowne* It was clear
that, under the treaty, Cracow
could not be occupied by foreign
troopa : hut when tlnit treaty was
made, the state of things which
existed when the recent occupation
took place was not contemplated.
It was not thought possible that
committees would he sitting iti
many of tho great metropolises of
Europe in order to carry on a se-
cret conspiracy, and to organize in-
surrection against an actual Go-
vernment of a country ; which oc-
onrrod in this very city of Cracow;
and this circumstance could not
have been foreseen at the time of
the treaty of Vienna. it was
*iuite certain that the measures
adopted as to Cracow were con-
trary to the treaty, and could only
be justified by the circumstances
of the time. lie had no hesitation
in saying, that if ever a breach of
treaty was justifiable it was th«
one which had occurred, liut it
was not to be supposed that be-
cause the Austrian^ were left alone
in Cracow, therefore tho independ-
ence of that town was destroyed.

[P2]

HISTORY,

[213

"^ K^ the aflpirations of
, who looked for-
tublishuientof the
jJariea f»f fhcir country,
of Parliament, kuowiiig
!»y which the pre-
<t* tlie imtioiis of
iflated, could not
Ml. rv than tho treaty
But to that treaty wc
pill to go hack; and on
' wc could take our stand.
lly with his duty ho could
Dt to the motion of Mr
^tt then stood. He had
itatcd the reasons on
had opposed a similar
flif^ had thcu said that
stances in opera-
d much irritation
' parties to the treaty of
"ihttt the correspondence
them wa» of an angry
r^ and that there were dif-
of opinion on rights and
respect lo the mat-
at issue. The Three
held opinions different from
we maintained oiurown; and,
were at liWrty to produce
apondence, he conld show
' wo had maintained our opinions
nth Adequate fimniesa and dig-
Bity. It would, however, he very
junouB to rake up that corre-
&nce after an interval of teu
from the time when it took
i^ Aiid he thought that the in-
line h Mr. Ilnme hiul at
deari would be injured rather than
eoefitcd hj its production, lie
i»ad never attached any value to
lio appointment of a consul at Cra-
Whether the treaty of Vi-
enna was or was not violated hy
MiY of the parties to it depended
[DO thtir own conduct, and was
ijirile independent of the appoint-
Lnient of a consular agent at that
pkce* who could not hayc furnished

US with information which wc had
in almndancc from other sources.
It was impossible to deny that tlie
treaty of Vienna had hecnyioUted
hy the late transactions at Cracow;
and he proceeded to explain at con-
siderable length the history of the
events which had taken place in
that town and its vicinity. The
treaty of Vienna must be upheld;
it conld not be permitted to any
Government to pick out with one
hand the articles of a treaty which
it would obfierve, and with the
other the articles which it was de-
termined to violate ; and he there-
fore hoped that the Governments
of Austria, Ilu.ssia, and Prussia,
would recollect that if the tr(?aty
of Vienna was not good on the Vis-
tula, it might he equally invalid on
the Rhine and on the Po. With
respect to the atrocities in Gal-
licia, he heiieved that Mr, Milncs
had not exaggerated them, and
that they were without example in
modern times. He believed, how-
ever, that they had their origin
w^ith the local authorities of the
province, and liad not been .sanc-
tioned hy the Government of Vi-
enna, lie concluded by assuring
Mr. llnme that no representations
*houUI be wanting on his part to
insure respect for the provisions of
the treaty of Vienna.

Dr. Bo wring, Mr. M. Gore, Mr.
J. A, Smith, Mr. Wyse, and Mr,
r. M, Stewart, all expressed warm
approbation of the .speech of Lord
Palmerston, and thanked him for
his public declaration that the
treaty of Vienna had hccn vio-
lated by the occupation of Cracow.

ifr. Hume then withdrew hia
motion.

The motion made in the two pre-
ceding Sessions by Ear! Powis,
for the rescinding of the proposed
union between the gees of »St,

I

and.]

HISTORY.

[215

e eatubliBlinjent of a bishopric
kochester.

e Biskop of London would
' the same course he took on
fter occasion, and woult) not
kt all. As one of the Com*
mors, who came reluctantlj
I decision that that was not
roper time to increase the
ir of English bishops, ho felt
, in candour to state, that he
bt the Commissioners were
rhat wanting in courage;
,e believed that if they had
longer time to deliberate
wKat they were doing, the
bilitj, he would not saj the
iitj, was that they would have
to a difTorent conclusion. He
ed the Marquis of Lansdowiie
le fiiendly feeling he had ex-
d towards the Church* and
noouragement he had held
a the subject of the see of
leater. He thought that by
inds already iu hand« and bj
riptions, as mucli might he
, m a few months as would
b an income of 3»500L to
L for a bishop at Manchebter,
It waiting for a vacancy in
/Telah bishoprics. He was
to bear Lord Stanley, on a
ma occasion, say that he was
Bd to any increaBo taking
in the number of bishops
leats iu the House of Lords :
»ped he had misunderstood

B Bi&hop of Bangor strongly
rtedthe Bill, as a measure of
s to Wales.

rd Stanley explained. Ue had
expressed an opinion lu op-
>a to increasing the number
bops ; although at the period
4 to he bad stated that it was
fit time for bringing forward
u. With respect to the

present Bill, he did not think that
Earl Powis was justified, iu the
existing circumstances, and con-
sidering the recent formation of
the Ministry, ia asking their Lord-
ships to join with him in affirming
part of the plan of the Commis-
sioners and disaffirming the rest»
If the Bill were rejected, ho hoped
Lord Powis would, at the com-
mencement, not at the end, uf the
Session, take measures for obtain*
ing the opinion of Parliament whe-
ther there should be an increase in
the number of bishops, and whether
they should have seats in Parlia-
ment ; ascertaioing also to what
extent that increase, if it were
made, ought to go.

The Bishop of Salisbury sug-
gested the withdrawal of the Bill,
but expressed his intention to vote
for it, if a division should take
place. The Bishop of Norwich
also advised its withdrawal, and
the introduction of a Bill in tho
next Session to create a number of
assistant or suffragan bishops*

Earl Grey testified to the bene-
ficial ofiects which had arisen from
the labours of tho Ecclesiastical
Commiasion. He thought with Lord
Lansdowne, that this Bill was ob-
jectionable, as being a futile and
im perfect alteration of a large and
extensive measure, llis opinion,
with respect to giving new bishops
a seat in that House was, that if
new sees were created, the prelates
should take their seats on the epis-
copal bench. He thought that an
increase in the strength of the
epi.-?copal body by the creation of
sulfragon bishops was worthy of
mature consideration. But If tho
want of episcopal superintendence
was a crying evil, he thouglit tho
want of an adequate uumber of
parochial clergy in the country was

I
I

Sl«"

AXNXAL REGISTER, 1846. [E'V'^-

L Sill H!:"*-^ ^•''-r **^*^ '' ^'^ TOLCBT

ii't ]»"^*>-ir. 3"»li. liifT viiuiil scTke
•I."»:T~,7 i;^ "ii: ii.«?siiiiirri cc mak-

Tiis IujUi.*: »c -':nict u same
ir-T^jr-l >i.z>y. r-:i'L -III r«il.. Bf
l!i.«;;Ci' "-its ^:'i- i VitS-^i.TL Vte vbt^
;li: • -Ji:-"; :"« ::! >li..;-i.l It: U. UirTfAM'

.i^::?: 34fcj.:« .1: j«.siiiii»> il Ln^-
^--.■<^ T:.; ;'.iT.S:V:k':i,'^- Via- l&U

*-: :.:%::..::> .:.>*:ii.. .c" *:n::Tir en-
iV-.'.l :. ..-. ' ..Tf ;ij-.r^«o ?>?■ w- ibe
*:-.:• :-ij^ .1^: ■:> .: "sIj-.t .«5.**f, &3)d
t.- .:i..l ;:j: Vfc> '»":■: rtT-i-T ^V.- Gc*5-

: . . r. "\ 1 -. » -. ».'. .■•;'>. . ■: .TiT«»5.t«i ^ib
f -. \* ;;1 .'. r.: \ . l'.:. '.':.: t : .r.; i- £':!> : r:»->l
i V. : I. c V V. ; » i -I i .Ir.-. .v.>; rs: : t c i^&rts

l.vR :u:.- ::.;■ :r:vA:V.::^ *:4;o of
; 1; . •/. c> tr . ; V. . ,-.: >->. ". :: jT : 1. a » s ::ne
now, i:ri.'.:ir. :;::.; :v..*r\^ pi r5.cn: r-
iv.i: fitvr: ::'iU>: K' :uAdo !.• k,uon
the p»v'/.o w-.::: v"::n>::.**n pr:nci-
ploii. othcrw'Si^ '.\k !:kws it iholanJ
ill rt jioason V : aitMv'ultv wouKl l-o
lim ooliwol**. Tho cxporioiu'o of
all times >l\owovl tliat a prorequi-
44110 to the iiH-r^^ase of the clergy
was an increase of the l»i*hops.
Their labours in the West Imlies
wore in vain till a bishop was sent
there, when a clergy grew up such
as bad never been previously knoi*ni.
So in the other colonies. If they
believed this system to be of God,
let them show something of faith
in its efficacy. If they made an
effort themselves, they would find
a voice from their people cheering
tlu^m on ; and th(y would be cn-
ahled to endow and otherwise to
carry out their ohjects.

The Honse dien dirided :— -

For the BQl .... 38
Agminst it .... 28

¥&joritT for the BiU . 10

The If arquis of Lanidowiie then
fiimoixse«<d that afiter this deeisioD
of ihe Honse he did not intend to
ci€er any fnrther opposition to tbe
Bill At the same time it was not
u* lie understood that his convictkm
Tesj^ectmg; it had been altered.

Upon the third reading beinf
f^bortly afterwards proposed, Lora
Lansdowne stated that he had felt
».-aie doubt whether under this
Bill the consent of the Crown were
Dt\>p«MTT. He had thought it hor-
orer the most prudent course to
ap{ily for Her Majesty's consenti
Slid was now authorized to say tbat
ibe Crown would oppose no ob-
«TaoIo u> the measure. The BiH
ws<> tben passed.

A few nights afterwards, (An-
i^ist 4.t Lord Clivc inquired in the
llousto of Commons what course
the Government intended to pursue
with respect to the Bill.

Lord .lobn Russell said, tliat s
Bill which bad received the consent
of the House of Lords, and of
nearly all the bishops, deserved to
be very respectfully considered,
lie could not agree with the Bill,
however, even supposing tbat he
were prepared to depart from the
Report of the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. He did not conceive
that all tbat was required was to
prcsen'c the dioceses of St. Asaph
and Bangor : be was called upon to
consider the state of the parishes
in those dioceses, and their bound-
aries, with a view to better epis-
copal Huperintendence. The Go-
vernment were prepared to consider

M.]

HISTORY.

[217

^ject ; but time was requircMl,
koiild the Bill be prc^^eil in
reaent Session be mu^t op-
U

m ibifl Btatcmeut Lord CUvo
bat he would not press tlie
I a second reading.
I remainiDg business of tbo
p tnay be briefly stated. The
lion of Poor-law aifairs occu-
eonsiderable portion of time;
il turned for tlie most part
rsonal and ephemeral ques-
ariaing out of its adminiKtra-
t particular caaesp it does not
& notice in tkis place. The
It of the Poor Law Commis-
I became a subject of fre-
', eontroversy, in connection
he proceedings of a Select
lit tee which had been ap-
id to inTcstijr^ate the adminis-
ft of the law in the Ando^er
j^ and which excited consider*
liblic Interest. Much wannth
jBng was excited by some of
^lACuasions, the opponents of
g law inveighing with
ritj against the abuses
ey alleged in its ope-
The legialatiyc results of
, as they relate to this
_ limited to a Bill, which
into a law, for modifying
|w of Settlement^ by cxeropt-

ror persons from removal
certain period of residence
larisb, subject to certain con-

• often attempted, but long de-
le measure received the Royal
I before the close of the Ses-
hulablishing local tribunals
BpSstrict of England for tlie
Wf" of small debts and iho
pf actions under a certain
1^ A measirro for this pur-
Hp brought in by Sir R.
lAdniinistration; but being
|dt^ by the change of Minis*

try, it was taken up by the now
Government, and after undergoing
some shght alteration, was passed
into a law. It provided for tho
appointment of about sixty local
judges, who were directed to make
periodical circuits through their
districts, and to hold courts in all
the principal towns twice iu every
month.

At length the termination of thia
iong ' protracted Session arrived.
On the 28th August, Parliament
was prorogued by Commiseiioii, the
(Commissioners being the Lord
Chancellor, the Marquis of Lann;-
dowrie, Earla Spencer and Miiito,
and Lord Campbell. The Lord
('haneellor read the following
Speech from the Throne ; —

** Mi/ Loi'ds and Gentlemtn,

*' We are commanded by Her Ma*
jeaty to express to you the warm
acknowledgments of Her Majesty
for the public spirit yon have
evinced in the discharge of your
laborious duties during an anxious
and protracted Session.

** Her Majesty trusts that you
will be rewarded by witnessing the
beneficial rcauUs of the measures
which have boon sanctioned !»y Her
MajcHty for the present relaxation
and ultimate repeal of protective
duties on com and sugar.

** Her Majesty entertains a con-
fident hope that the more free ad-
mission of the produce of foreign
countries into the home-market will
increase the comforts and better
the condition of the great body of
tho people.

** Her Majesty feels tho greatest
satisfaction in reflecting that Her
Majesty's efforts to settle, in a
manner consistent with national
honour, the conflicting claims of
Great Britain and the United States

S18]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [J

with respect to the territorj on the
north-west coast of America, have
been completdj snocessfnl.

*' Her ICajestj continiies to re-
cmTO from all Foreign Powers the
strongest assurances of their desire
to cultiyate friendly relations with
this country.

" Her Majesty commands us to
congratulate you on the victorious
course and happy conclusion of the
war in India; and Her Majesty has
much gratification in announcing
to you that perfect tranquillity pro-
Taus ihrou^out the whole of the
British possessions in that quarter
of the world.

" OmUlemen of the House of Com-
mons,

" Her Migesty has observed with
satisfaction the care you have taken
to prevent permanent loss to the
revenue, and to maintain the pub-
lic faith.

" Her Majesty has commanded
us to acknowledge the zeal and
unanimity with which you assented
to the increase in the Naval and
Military Estimates, which regard
to the exigencies of the Public Ser-
vice induced Her Majesty to pro-
pose for your consideration.

'* My Lords and Gentlemen^

** Her Majesty has to lament that
the recurrence of a failure in the
potato crop, in an aggravated de-
gree, will cause a serious deficiency
in the quantity of a material article
of food.

** Her Majesty has given Her
cordial assent to measures by which
this calamity may be mitigated in
that part of the United Kingdom
where the cultivation of the potato
%M hitherto afforded the chi^ sup-
ilyfinrthe subsistence of the people.

*' Her Majesty has aeon with

pleasure that a oonsideral
nution of crime and ooti
taken place in those ooi
Ireland which had been n
turbed.

« Her Majesty is confid
on your return to your
counties you will find a
loyalty generally prevail
extension of works of impi
has increased the demanc
hour ; and the tranquillit;
country has favoured the
of industry in all its brand

" Her Majesty trusts tli
combination of prudence ^
terprise, and of a wUling o
to law with a desire for so
n-ess. Her people will, thn
Divine blessing, enjoy the
vantages of peace. ' '

Thus terminated a Sesi
results of which have scare
paralleled in importance ii
nals of modern Parliament
history of its proceedings
deed, be written in a single
Free Trade; the ratificatioi
principle formed the sum ;
stance of its labours. Bi
are to estimate legislation
cording to the interests of
or by the changes wro
the distribution of politica
(though even in this res]
of 1847 was pre-eminent,]
ther by the range of its ii
the duration of its effects, t
bers to whom it brings a
or a bane, and its connect
the daily occasions and mo
ing necessities of mank
might look back as far as
of 1688 ere we discovered
more operative than thosi
year just recorded upon t1
nies of Great Britain. "^
these changes are to be i
with more of fear or hop
ther we should look on thei

i]

HISTORY.

[g of the end," or as the
a new and brighter era of
rr and abnndance, is still
r of dubious, thourfi no
is in the Session just c»:<s-
f angry controTersv. WL*:
s acknowledged to l-e irre-
the book of the nscre ^
ded. Under these cirr=i-
it would seeni ibe iraeK
0 accept the e^t-srs-c^ f-:^
the last w-i-rds a-iirtsai*

S20]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [«

CHAPTER VIII.

Travoe.— Election of Pretident and VieePresidsnU of^ iks Chm
DqnUUs^Address m reply to the Speech from the Thrcmf
Chamber of Peers — Dieuseion on the Address — Speeches <
Charles Dt^n, M, Dvhouchage, Marquis de Boissy^ and M. <
— Address carried m the Chamber of Peers — Answer from At
—Address in the Chamber of Deputies—Debate thereon^-S/m
MM, Correl, Peyramont, Duchatd, Durengier de Haurmmi
parm, Thiers, and Otdxot — Discussion on the separate parage
Amendment proposed by M, Isafnbert rejected — AmendmmA
Berryer Speeches ofM. Berryer and M. Ouizot — AmendmeM
Amendment proposed by M. de Remusat — Speeches of M.deBk
M. Thiers^ and If. Ouizot — Amendment r^ected — ^iiMiMtal
if. BUlauUSpeeches of M, BiUauU and M. Peyramont^^
ment lost — Amendments proposed by M, Alies, MM. Daugewi
M. Billault — Speeches thereon^ and adoption of the two taker-
graph relating to Poland — Speeches of M. hamartine and M»
— Address carried in the Chamber of Deputies — Answer from ft
to the Address.

I^IIE new Session of the French
. Chambers was opened, as men-
tioned iu our last rolume, on the 27th
of December ; and the first business
in the Chamber of Deputies was
the election of a President. For
this office there were nominallj
four candidates^ but the result
showed that M. Sauiet» who had
been the President for the four
prerious Sesskms, had nothing to
tear from his competitors^ and his
reflection on this occasion was a
decided Minbterial triumph. At
the clotse of the ballot, the numbers

M.

Saoiet . . .

213

M.

J>VBUBK . .

ur

M.

Pmm . . .

3

1

M. Sauxet was thus dodb
sident by a majoritj on ll
ballot considerably exceecBi
which he required ; for.
been explaineil in a pieii
lume, the successful candUi
not haye more than aa a
majority of the whole mi
Totes giren. Next day §m
Presidents were chosen, m
were all Ministmal cnm
Their names were M. ]
M. Lepelletier dWufamj*
£e]Ieyme« and 31. Duprat.

On the 10th of Janvuj,
Chamber of Peers, Coa* 1
read the draught of the AA
reply to the Speech Ih
Throne. Ic was as follofWi

*' Sire — The present
open^ under fortunate mii|i

ANNUAL REGIBTEB, 1846. I

IHB mwwmwmmAi^trmi

^ Sum, dbe gnat mi

, A
BW€ij fondalMiD Mm wndSBtttd it>
idf IB ilie SSmmt parti cf ifce
kmcdon, al ^ d^ cf lo maiiy
works of poUic intanrt, vliicli,

wffl draw doMf tho iieo of iHHioiiia
tmtijr. Wo will earolallf onmme
Uio propotttioiif fobiiiitlod to OS bj
tho ordor of jour Majeaij to tor-
miaato thoto tuofol andortaking*.
By iiDMiitng to tho works oom-
moDOod tho impnlso winch thoj
noed, tho Ki^'s Goromineiit,
boing tho pmdont mrodator of
tho ffoneral ntaatkm ^aflhin, wOi
no cumbt show itsolf prudent in
firosh undertakings.

*^ We are happj to hear from
tho mouth of jour Majesty, that
the situation of our finances is be-
oominff daily more satisfactory.

** We will roceiye, Sire, with gra-
titude, the projects of law intended
to introduce important ameliorations
into tho different branches of the
Administration. Ameliorations are
the work of time. In examining
tho propositions which will be pre-
sented to us, we will consult the
lossons of ozporience. France has
a right to bo proud of her adminis-
trative organisation. We will care-
ftiUy attend to tho presonration and
improvement of that important por-
tion of our nublic institutions.

** Biro, m tho accomplishment
of that groat and noble task im-
posed upon your Majesty, by the
wish of tho nation, Proyidence di-
rooted Tour steps. You may al-
ways roly on the loyal and faithful

The debate on tiiis t
lasted fo several days, M
scBted io few features of i
tliat we think it unMoai
tranafer to our pagea» ;
length, the speeches that i
livmd, and shall meni^
one or two of the subjeot
dneed into the discnsiioB.

M. Charles Dn^ adnil*
the situation of the ooanl
satis&ctoiy ; the Ministiy
lidated, sjid supported I
siderable majorities ; tho
calm, and the foreign r
established on an amioah]
ing ; but he thought tl
Committee of the Houi
gone too far when it sa
** it was happy to hear ft
mouth of His Majesty tl
situation of the finances ^
coming daily more prosp
Now, he would cite the

S resented by the Minister
epartment, to show that
curity proclaimed in the i
was not altogether well f<
for the Minister himself pc
stated that the amount
deficit was yearly augm
It resulted from the
submitted to the Chambei
the deficit, which in 184
371.000,000/., had risen ii
to 396,000,000/., and in 1
421,000,000/ This he kn
not alai-ming ; but, noTerl
called for a speedy remed]
then referred to the finaneii

Ftm/et'

H I 5 T : 5. T

i*:»i':f.

v;..

e:: •-:.- : - : - i . ' : : • . i* .
ItL : -*•. - I. :_ - ■ ■ :_ !■•

It*

A:: T y :

' Li-

224]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

hiB fftmiljy he was mmble to com-
mand respect for his authority.
Frightful disorder followed the de-
position of the Emir Bechir, when
it was proposed to place Leba-
non under the Turkish authority.
France acquiesced, but insisted on
its being merely temporary, having
always in view Uie re-establishment
of a purely Christian Administra-
tion. The Pashas had obtained
and forwarded to Constantinople
petitions from Lebanon, inviting
the Sultan to appoint an Otto-
man governor. France proved the
falsehood of those petitions, and
defeated the scheme. All the
Turks who succeeded each other
in the government of Lebanon had
labour^ to establish that system
against which France had inva-
riably protested. Chckib Effcndi
was then sent by the Divan to
inquire into the real situation of
Lebanon, and redress the griev-
ances of the Christian sufferers.
Chekib Effendi violated every pro-
mise ho had made previous to
his departure from Constantinople.
On arriving at Beyrout, he pro-
ceeded to disarm the population of
Lebanon, both Druse and Christian.
That measure was executed with
violence, particularly as respected
the Christians. The Druses wore,
however, equally disarmed, and
some of their chiefs arrested
and transported to Constantino-
ple. The French grievances were
not redressed by Chekib Effendi.
The chief who had presided at
the murder of Father Charles had
been tried and acquitted. The
trial had been conducted with
aU possible solemnity. Witnesses
were examined, and the sentence
had the appearance of impartiality
and sincerity. All the forms had
^ observed, and France had
right to demand the head of

the guiltj man.
grievances' of FnuM
overlooked, the Fn
dor addressed an
the Porte, in which
their being immedifl
on the payment of a
the convents and I
who had been dei
Turks, and on the
of the measure of
which enjoined aO
dents to quit Lebai
to Beyrout ; threat
his demand were n
to suspend aU di[
course with the Po
timatum was accep'
satisfaction granted
next referred to tl
French dragoman,
tion,* vainly dema
French Consul, wa
the interference oi
of the Belle Fouli
landed a party of
rescue him by fore
constituted a violati<
Nevertheless, the c
consul and captain
but they were ten
the same time nol
future to armed d
M. Guizot declared,
that during the lasl
had availed himself •
tunity to claim the
a Christian Adminis
entire of Lebanon ;
nion of France in ti
gained ground sine
Austria had complel
it, and that others i
be expected to advo
principle.

The debate on tl
the Chamber of Pe
on the 16 th of Jai
was carried by the la
120 to 23.

226]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

•eoured tlie amicable relations of
the two States. Tour Majesty
announces to us that the con-
rention recentlj concluded for
the purpose of putting an end
to an odious traffic is this mo-
ment being executed. Thus are
being rei^sed the wishes con-
stantlj expressed bj the Cham-
ber, ite rights of humanity shall
be efficaciously protected, and our
commerce shall be replaced under
the exclusive care of our flag.

'* We trust that France and
England, bj a common action,
the object dT which is to stop the
effusion of blood, and to establish
safe and regular commercial re-
lations, will at length produce
peace on the banks of the Plata.
France, faithful to the engage-
ments which she contracts, has
a right to invoke the sanctity of
treaties. She recalls to the re-
collection of Europe the solemn
guarantees stipulated in favour of
a generous nation.

" We deplore with your Ma-
jesty the events which have dis-
turbed our African possessions,
and we partake the sentiments
with which the heroism of our
troops inspires your Majesty.
France follows them in their pe-
rils with solicitude and gratitude.
She applauds the prompt measures
adopted by your Majesty to pre-
serve in Algeria her force and do-
mination. Nothing shall exhaust
our perseverance, nor our gener-
ous efforts to establish prosperous
security in that land, which your
Majesty proclaims to be French
territory.

" Sire, your wisdom and your
courage have accomplished for us,
in the midst of our most severe
trials, the noble mission confided
to you by the national will. Our
duty is to lend our loyal assistance

to estabUah whh yo« o
able bases the Govenun
dynasty of our ehoioo.
has blessed our efibrti.
forded us consdationa
our guarantees for i
Your grandehildiea
the example of their
those noble princes wh
they have appeared, bi
supported the name
Sire, your wishes ban
complished, you have 1
quired the affection of i
and every day renders
soluble the intimate mi
your family and the nv

The debate on iii
in the Chamber of S
not commence until i
January, and was <
animated and interest
ter than that whieh
in the Chamber of P
discussion was opened ]

M. Come, who siudtl
not share the sentimi
tude and satisfaction e
the Cabinet in the spec
throne, and confinni
committee in the ac
had only to refer to t
of Algeria to show ho^
confidence was fonni
after a campaign glor
arms of France, a fa
sacre occurred, and A
was again in arms, n
able than ever, in the 1
African possessions. T
had also badly chosen 1
of extolling its policy,
of the disastrous res'
treaty with Morocco,
verted to internal affiu
discover no evident
boasted prosperity. 1
was burdened with a bu
in umount to what it
the restoration, and.

!ift di temn, twormom f^soare^s^

fcf greater than were ot^- l

hj mj t»tion, h&i bc^ pficcd at

^ <iifp>=Ai of ihft Cm' '

to tlii^ ckj, tbej Ikdwl

'fi^^itnre of the Ste£e» t» i

iiOtttiuiig like ft :

fco- the kMMforif F^
tjbcft criikised ywimi k» if «i k i

!red at LiFaiifi^ 3tn«- eidh tf
ocbier edaes,
ib«ar re^i^uitjEfttiMp «ai 14U. IL

td tlii^&e wJMi :
^ ^tib tLat Tial&tiiOD of ibe
k W Wes, * ^e bare rabied
ii Urj, bat we ftre re^h^ to M. P«

i^Kie ibe re^iQ^ibilif J of «^ to ife um
^inrt" Iflm^tars b^ lifccvM Iv
« Hfln of a

^nt tbe bdependfewee of Fv- «w is

Aunt, rbes cb^ ^Aml tt^ mmfier^

loQie, wlb but ^kaitlT t9««I
of tlieir area. M.

* QiiDiDadoa cif the

^^U of tbe CrOTenwnietti

;«ie t/ections of lS-t5-

mt^ be *ajd, I^^mI been g^^J

M^ agreeablj
linet, ft €ompUMm

f . It *aj ft,„„ , -
tbere^iormtibiLr ^^
erof MppeAlM
P «oart? of J
c^siooj of UKfeie
^ iiDoonCed^

% Mid

228]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1816. [

They desired mm ardently as dietr
adTersaries the tmth and faincerity
of the representatiTe Goremmeiit ;
aod if facts, such as those de-
notinced hy M. Leyrand, had oe-
curred in some de|»artment8, it
had been without the approbatioii
or authorization of the Cabinet.
M. Duchatel then explained why
the number of appeab against the
decisions of the prefects had been
so considerable in 1845. They
had amounted to 1,936, and were
principally grounded on the mis-
application of the new law on the
political domicile of the electors,
voted last year by the Chambers,
and of the law on licences. Of
those 1,936 cases, 1,809 hod been
decided ; 790 were admitted, and
1,019 rejected.

M. Duvergier de Hauranne pro-
ceeded to examine whether Uie
public liberties and the national
influence had progressed during
the last five years, and arrived at
the conclusion, — that the theory
of representative Government was
now an idle word, and that the
dignity and honour of France had
been sacrificed. Investigating, af-
terwards, the conduct of the agents
of the Govcmmeu* in the elections,
lie drew a parallel between the
doctrines formerly professed by
certain Ministers when they be-
longed to the Opposition and those
they now practised, and asked
the Minister of the Interior if he
would to-day sign the circular
addressed in 1830 by M. Guizot,
tho then Minister of the Interior,
to tho prefects, recommending them
tho strictest neutrality and impar-
tiality in the elections.

M. Duchatel having replied in
tho affirmative, M. Larochejacque-
lin rose, and loudly exclaimed
that ho would not. This incident
''Aused confusion, and cnes of

*' Order" aiwe finom dn
terial benches.

When silence was reali
Duvergier de Hanrsjune 0(
his speech, and eited nMti
which the present Cabi
manifested its disrespeei
usages of the represents;!
vemment by remaining i
when abandoned hy iho i
or supported by sueh sn
jorities that their frieaii
other side of the GhsM
indignant at their condi
Duvergier de Hauranne, Si
tending that the domesti
pursued at present was Im
than it was twelve years i
ceeded to compare the
policy of the Cabinet with
the Government of 1831 m
and maintained that unde
circumstances the forme
never have dared to occupj
and besiege Antwerp, a
the Cabinet of 1831 woo
have granted an indemnit
Pritchard, nor signed th*
of Tangier. Tho weakne
Administration had been
its only safeguard. In its
tions with foreign Powei
variably held a langrnag
coming the dignity of
In London, Rome, and el
it told the Governments, '
be too exacting ; make sc
cessions, otherwise we i
obliged to vacate our offi
be replaced by others fra
you have nothing to expee
Duvergier de Hauranne th
what Ministers hod ochie^
last Session to justify th
tude ? In Syria, the sec
flucnce of France was at
and she could not even
the massacre of population
for ages under her pr
What was their conduct

230]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

cunatitutional principles and con-
duct. I can well understand not
being comprehended by M. Ledru
Rollin. I congratulate myself on
it, for the day that I shodd be of
accord with bim on this question I
should fancy that I had merited the
distrust which he has endeavoured
to raise up amongst my friends
against me. I have never sup-
posed that it was possible to realize
all the wild imaginings of parties.
On this point my line of conduct
has always been undeviating, and,
when I behold certain men attack-
ing me, 1 congratulate myself on
the circumstance, well convinced
that they who attacked me formerly
still regard me as their enemy, and
consequently I have not deviated
from the conduct I then determined
to adopt. Should any one demand
on what conditions I joined the
Left, let him read the Moniteur^
and examine the reforms demanded
at the same time by the Left and the
Left Centre, and then say if there
did not exist a neutral ground on
which we could unite. When the
dynastic Left openly broke with the
fraction which M. Ledru Rollin
represents, when I believed that
this union could be useful, I ac-
cepted it, because it appeared to
me that the country might there-
from derive considerable advan-
tages. C Hear, hear,* from the
Left Centre.) After these obsen--
ations on a secondry matter, I shall
proceed to speak briefly on the
annexation of Texas. That coun-
try was annexed to the Uniieil
States, to the great displeasure of
England, and, as far as can bo
judged from the conduct of the
French Ministry, to the great dis-
satisfaction of France. It appears
that the resistance of the latter
^crantry has deeply otfonded the
.mericana, and, aooordiug to the

message of Prerideni
would seem that if onr
with the United States!
cific they are not ei
friendly. The followin
language of that offidal <
— • It must not be ^
annexation was obtune
of the intervention of i
tic agents of the £q
France, even, our aneie
country which has a
tcrest with us in mainti
freedom of the seas, '.
prevent this result,
rejoice at having tria
British and French inti
such an energetic u
manner.' I do not
the judge of these woi
it is a fact, that at the
that we are exchanging ^
land words of the
timacy, our relations wit]
are becoming, if not ho
friendly. Under any <
I should regard this i
l>e regretted, but unde
ones I look upon it as md
tunate. You are
serious dispute has i
England and America ;
wish sincerely that this!
amicably settled; but in]
tion of such gravity the (
France should be ex
cunispect. I fear that
has not been sufficiently scl
makes the thing still morel
is the theory the Ministerof I
Affairs has put forward on 1
ject— it is an aggravatioii
fact. I am about to caO the
tion of the Chamber to the i
not for the sake of oppontin
Si>lely with the object of corr
the ideas of the Government t
subjoct. if it can be done. I
admit that I have good hope
it has boon shown that on»

2aa]

ANNUAL REGISTER, ISM

eoncema us. On tiie contrary^ I
see in the increase of the power of
the United States what I must be
permitted to call anotlier step
towards our political freedom.
Since French policj represents in
tiiis world remution, we have lost
much of our freedom of action.
Formerly there existed amongst the
Tarious European states opposiug
interests, — rancorous jealousies,
and in the midst of these passions
France was perfectly free. But,
the day that France became the
representative of liberty in the
world, on ihat day there was formed
round her, amongst all the states
of Europe, a concerted union,
rather tacit than written down — a
general concert, in fact, which im-
peded, and still impedes, our free-
dom of action. I am not one of
those who perceive war at the
bottom of this concert. No ; but
I maintain that there is amongst
these European Powers, and
affainst Franco, a tacit accord
which constrains us — which is in-
jurious to us. You lately had a
proof of this. When events took
place in Servia which appeared
likely to insure to Russia too ex-
clusive a domination, France en-
deavoured to excite the jealousy of
Austria ; but she was not listened
to. Certain words, pronounced by
a man of great sagacity, perfectly
well explfldn this indifference.
' What has occurred,* said this gen-
tleman, *is an evil; but between
two evils the lesser one ought
to t>e chosen. Well, then, what
has taken place in Servia is a
smaller evil than the disunion
of the continent in presence of
France.* In this situation they
determined to draw closer to £ng-
^nd, who from the nature of her
lyemment was, after 1830. us-
n% inclined to form an alliauce

wiih ns ; but m pti
two oountriea mm
matdy conneetod i
be jedons of our oa
certainly met witk
but which IbrtuBAld
cover its former ]
jealousy was tha t
constraint to ns, a
disastrous effect o
Two facts may re
straint : one the <
liberty in Europe ;
the spectacle which
ing bef<H« our eyei
London, shall be wj
other capital of E
liberty of action wfl
ns, Uie Powers oj
having a sympaihc
wards us. The sec*
may lead to the c
our policy is the a
the power of the
The proof of the ti
sertion is, that if, <
two years, England
ing in her relations
it to the uneasiness
power of America
What, then, was th*
conduct of the Fre
the affair of Texai
hesitation in decla
conduct was adopte
faults committed I
during the last fii
Cabinet, on taking
power, found Franc
on bad terms, from
1840; France wa
though England '
could not be actuate
feeling than a senti
done wrong, and
Cabinet had only oi
duct to adopt — to
wait. The priucipl
between France and
maintenance of p

234] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

test ; she accepted the fact whea
accomplished ; she raised no dis-
cussion on the suhject with the
United States, nor even addressed
a single ohservation to their Go-
vernment. M. Guizot had accord-
ingly felt surprised at the language
used hy the President in his mes-
sage, and he had considered it his
duty to claim in reply for France
an entire independence of action.
He next examined the commercial
reason! which had induced France
to recognise the independence of
Texas in 1838, and rendered her
anxious to maintain it in 1845.
The political considerations had
heen of a still greater weight.
There were at present, he said,
three powerful nations intent on
aggrandizing heyond measure their
territories — England, Russia, and
the United States. France was
not extending her dominions. In
Africa she had made a conquest
it was her honour and interest to
preserve, hut the hounds of which
she would not overstep. It was
of the highest importance to France
that those three nations should
halance each other's power, and
that none of them should obtain a
preponderating influence. She was
consequently interested in pro-
tecting the independence of the
American States. M. Guizot then
proceeded to explain the nature
of the relations existing between
England and France. They were
placed, he said, on the most in-
timate footing, and he was happy
and proud to declare it. The
alliance of the two countries, their
good understanding, their intimacy,
were necessary for the preservation
of the general peace. Their in-
difference towards each other would
endan/r 'tinuation. That

intim* ipaired in the

least Qce of the

policy of France.
five years it had ej
and it was only those
ant of the facts who
it. On every part «
where the policy of
England had been a
Africa, Spain, and Gi
had freely and boldly
course pointed out by
without conipromisin^
the friendly relations
two Governments, thi
intimacy. M. Thiers
that the two countri
pleased with each otl
Guizot) contended ti
countries, so far frw
pleased and irritated
other, entertained, <
trary, the most fiie
towards one another,
murs here arose on il
benches, when M. Gi
towards the Left, excl
are not the oountry.
proceeded «to enumer
cultiefr between E
France, which had b
adjusted, contrary to
tion of the Oppositioi
applause of his fii(
Centre. M. Guizot
ing to American
scribed the endeavot
France to maintain ;
if war should break
equitable, and useful
only one conformabh
tional interests, was
trality. That polic
beneficial to the ca
ization and it woul'
France the blessings
procure for her immc
cial and political adva
conduct of France ha
wise hostile to the Ui
she had taken no
them, she had evuu

236]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 18^

M. Duehatel, the Minister of
the Interior, contested the truth
of M. Comc*s assertions, and main-
tained tliat the prefect of that
department was one of the most
lojal and impartial functionaries in
France.

^fter a few words from M.
Come in replj, the amendment of
M. Isamhcrt was put to the vote,
and rejected hy a considerahle
majority.

In the course of the discussion,
an important paragraph was pro-
posed l>y M. Berrjer to he inserted
in the Address. It referred to the
unsatisfactory state of the relations
hctwecn Great Britain and the
United States, on account of the
dispute about the Oregon territory.
The amenduicut was as follows : —

*' Should peace be disturbed by
the conflicting pretensions of two
great nations, France will reserve
to herself the mission of prevent-
ing all infringement on the prin-
ciples of the public law, which
protects, on the seas, the liberty
and dignity of inteniatioual rela-
tions.**

M. Berry er, having ascended
the Tribune, said that a few days
before the opening of the Session,
a document of the highest im-
portance had been received, the
message of the President of the
United States, in which that ex-
alted functionary declared that the
right of the union over the con-
tested territory of Oregon was
absolute. The President next re-
ferred to the annexation of Texas,
and complained of the conduct of
France, the natural ally of the
United States, and like them in-
terested in defending the principle
of the liberty of the seas, for join-
ing England in such a question.
The Speech of the Queen of Great
Britain, on opening Parliament,

obi

stated that the
tive to Oregon,
brought to a c1qs«
in a reeent speecl
Chamber of Depy^
that, in the eve
England and tL
France should
trality* it being '
coming her dignl
to her interests.
tions, nmde befo
of the three ni
should not be
lence, and i|
omissbn in the
had moved hh
Berryer then pro€
the proWble
ference eiistlng
and America, rintr
there waa & piMli-l
being anucably ad
should aecordingU
that coDtlngeneji^^
course she intei^
The first step tak
net in the Amerio
been one of ill
being totally dii&iri
annexation of Te;i
can Uniun, shou
England to
theory of the
of power, decl
was no jutitifieati
For his part he eyfl
stand whut was m«
rieau balance of
America there i
possesROfgi, the \Jnh
Englaiu], wbieh own^
larger than that of
Union rtsc4f* Would
be destroyed by th
croaching on the
(ireat Britain ? Tb<
contended, had not b;.
its determination by
motive or interest ; fot

prevei

( wer^l

238]

ANNUAL REGISTER,"

" I pray the Chamber," contanued
M. Guizot, " to remark that this
amendment doen not present any
immediate necessity. War between
the United States and England b
an hypothesis, which, in me opi-
nion of the honourable M. Berryer,
is not probable, and in that opinion
I coincide with him. Consequently
the amendment of M. Berry er is a
reservation made with a riew to an
hypothesis, and not with a view to
an actual necessity. I assert that
this hypothesis is improbable, and
I add that the reservation is use-
less, because it is a matter of right.
No one could ever have imagined
that, if a conflict should unfortu-
nately occur between England and
the United States, France would
abandon the maxims which she
has constantly professed and main-
tained, with respect to the liberty
of the seas and the right of neu-
tral powers. The matter reserved
is a matter of right ; it has no
need to be written. France will
not change her maxims, and the
Government of the King is in that
respect as decided as M. Berry er
himself. Wlien I ascended the
Tribune to announce the policy of
neutrality, I meant that neutrality
should really be maintained and ex-
ercised. The policy of neutrality is
— on one hand, not to make war,
and on the other, to maintain the
rights of neutral powers, for with-
out that neutrality could not exist.
At the very moment that I an-
nounced the policy of neutrality, I
by that fact announced that France
would maintain the rights of neu-
trals and the principle of the liberty
of the seas. The hypothesis is im-
probable : the reservation proposed
is useless. But has it not its incon-
Tenience, that is the true question ?
Why did I, during one of your
late sittings, proclaim beforehand

the policy I

reasons:
that if
should ar
difficuli
of neutral
the excit
at present
seriously
not desimi
difficult
to adopt
my first
reason is
that wben I
it ill di£itan|
declaration (
made befoi
pejtce» and i
the deliber
tiou^/
tion, said th
were person*'
in the VmU'
tamed iMusios'
of France in
for that re
sure them be
take part witfj
other, and tlj
declaration
balance and
maintenance i
concluded by i
the policy ofl
true interest
jure the Chaml
** not to suffer \
to utter a won
feeble or chanJ
neutrality which
maintain/'

A division to
amendments mo
when the numb

For the motio^
Against it .

Majority for

240]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Fnma.

(HHvplo. and had she sided with the
I'uiU^l Suto.*t she wuuld have as-
miuuhI a t'aUo |Hisition. It was at
cho n^^ursi of the Texan Govcm-
nit^t, and of its Charge d'Atfaires
a: rarl>. that <he suppurtod the
i.i.U':v:idonoo of that country, and
II 't a( (lie sui*o>^ciitn of England.
t'*^**'.^v hid rxx'ojriused that State,
ati.l s>'iu'Iudi^l a oommercial treaty
w.-.L\ It : and whon its regular Go-
* .': -iwii: vm'.UsI on her to interfere
' . -.^ Ivl-.V.r. >'i*.o would have been
« i-.;. '.^ .11 aU the rules of sound
;.■. o* S'.d.l *iio TX'jtvii.'d that de-

• ■ : a: '.vi Nl \.I . ;■. sot thoir ii»nteuded
'. fc.. ::; Vv.i.'vu'a as well as in
L ;'v;v. -.'u* V''''^'> ^'f t'ram'O had
'. vv 1 : .i.ivv.vL«:i: y}t Ku gland. In
<:\* •'. w'u'-v ilio two Cabinets were
n,- v" n •v''k of .wvord. Franco had
••• '..'wvNi An i".il.-jvndoul jK»lioy. In
vi-vvvo ■.*•..» V';u''^h liovornment,
''.■ '«.».^ ;!\.. ».i* *uvoivi\l ros|H.Hrt-

■ t^o %;.:.;■. :»'!i of that king-
J I > .■. u Xv..'-r. ;: wUIkxI, like
; !■.»• ..' •/ • x.-\-.'.i»l.^:i«."a of the
,. ., ■ '■»■ v^•':.^v\^ w:-J;:u its
.. . . ■ ., S'^' » v.'\ d:::"ored

«« ■ ,' \ « so ■' ; ..-.0 f.oAv.* ot ar-
. . « .' « . • ; V ■ I'-.or '^Miu'O
.* ■.:.^ V .;.■ .o.-r ;:ioj'.-::oyo:

» X .' ' ^ ■'■ i.;;»*".*:'.vV of
■ ;. v^ .; '.ir^. and
» ■ .■ »v"^ . »fc ■.::*. ?l

* . . «t < . . •■■*•» ■■..»*»". it til*,*

.... ■.*■■,•*■.• WkTC

. , X ,s . .■ i « '.S>'.N 10

...... V ■.-.■ V .;.::-

. . ,. • I-- *»'» .■■ V ■ ; "lO

■ -; «v.

*' ». I "O

ft •■^iNi

ment because it implied an indi-
rect, but real blame, of the condoet
of the Cabinet, and distrusted it
fur the future.

M. Reniuaat next rose to ex-
plain, lie had not, he said, re-
commended a union with the United
States, but demanded that Fruee
ahould not adhere implicitly to the
policy of England, against the
United States, in the question of
Oregon. Some words pronounced
by M. Guizot, in the Chamber of
iV'crs, induced such a belief, tnd
it was for that purpose he conii-
dered a declaration necessaiy ii
the Address.

Uis amendment was aftenrtrdi
put to the YOtc, and lost by t
majority of aiity-eight.

M. Billault then rose, and ad-
dressed himself to that part of the
paragraph which alluded to the con-
vention for the suppression of the
slave-trade, and the replacing of
French commerce under the eido-
slvo care of the national flag. He
said that he could not admit that the
convention of May 29th had replace^
the eonmieree of France under the
national tlag. Far from restorit^?
to it those guarantees which it t^'
quired, the convention took away
without any compensation in r^
turn, those whioh it had before et^
ioy^si. He must maintain th^**
tl.e faculty to verify the nm^
tiOKaiity of vessels was an inno^
\a:ioii on the maritime rights oT'
Fmiicc : it was contrary to thei^
Tuv.viamontal principles ; France::
V.^vi :;o\er rooognised it, and th^
K-:^':^h had never admitted ilf
i\;;:or. The mode of proceeding^
• •- >uoh voritioations was more vei— •
ai:.u> tr.ari the former one. Thes-
.•..>vt of the search was the only
•.'.'s.'^ cha-ge*! ; for in place of en-
kloa^our;:;^ to ascertain whether

HISTORY.

[241

waa engaged io the
trade. It consisted in finding
' it displayed a fabe flag or
The honouraWe deputy tben
Kled to argue that this right
ifnng the nationality of Tea*
tad never been admitted in
e, and referred, in support of
rpinton, to a declaration in
af the Duke de Broglie, say-
hat ** nations had undoubt-
> right to effect the verifica-
I question in time of war, hut
le of peace the right ceased
rt." Benjamin Constant, the
pable deputy observed, was
Disely the same opinion ; and
^▼emnient of the Eeatoration
Ike same view of the question ,
{>eared from two despatches
laed to the English Govern-
n 1829, by MM, Laval-Mont-
cy and Poligriac. in which
rotested against all attempts
fy the nationality cjf vesBels
under French colours. The
iment of July had also, he
decided iu the same way ;
1 the negotiations which pre-
the first treaty on the right
rch, MM, de Broglie and
iani wrote to Lord Pahiicr-
i despatch t declaring that
els sailing under the French
►uld not be regularly seized
roceeded against unless by
I cruisers," So tliat the
^ned in 1845 could not
atlopted in 183L It
lore, perfectly correct to
It the right of verifying the
ility of vessels was contrary
inch naval cuBtoms. The
h hail not admitted such a
aud tlic Duke of Wellington
f protested agabist a Bill
should give England such
&rbitant power over Portu-
pitssels. The lionourable de-
ken compared the late con-

.Lxxxviii;

Tcntton entered into for the sup-
pression of the slave-trade with
that concluded with the United
States, and contended that the
latter power had known better how
to make her flag respected, and to
protect her commerce. American
vessels, he observed, might be
really said to be under the sur-
veillance of their own flag. The
President had announced this re-
sult in his late Message, and Lord
Aberdeen btid said that England
had neither domandcd nor yielded
any thing. He (M. Billault) con-
tended that the late convention,
and the intructions issued under
it, would cause great embarrass-
ment to their shipping interests,
and that it was impossible to say
that their commerce had been
placed under tlic surveillance of it» |
national flag, lie concluded by
stating his opiniou that the present
system employed was not the moat
efficacious means that coidd be]
adopted to suppress the traffic in J
slaves. He was, therefore, sur-i
prised not to see the abolitioni.^ta
joining his friends in opposing tho
useless concessions made to Eng-
land. He feared that the future
maritime prosperity of France had
been compromised, and called on
the Chaiaber to give the subject
Its most serious attention, The
honourable meiiibfr concluded by
announcing his intention of pro-
posing an amendment in tho sense
of the observations which be had
just delivered. It would not, be
know, be adopted, but he consi-
dered it right to leave on record
his protest against the treaty to
which he had alluded,

M, Peyramont, the next day,
undertook to rejily to the speech (
delivered by M. Billault. The ho-
nourable member, be said, had pro-
duced arguments^ which he ought .

.1 ..ZuISTER. 1346.

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■ '" ■ ia.>e«'r taiq • r.'tenaioi:

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•-. -1. ;ad

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•"■.11

-- -r J

HISTORY.

[243

pUj« ftueceed m conBglidatiug
the future, hy insuring the
IxecatioQ of treatieB, aad the
^pment of commercial rela*
freed liereaftijr from all ob-

Brotim da Lbujs said, that
|U nsi share the contideoce
ptisiMliOQ expressed by the
ittee ttt tlie course pursued
I Cabinet ia the affairs of la
lie then entered luto a
f of the events that had takeu
in tltat quarter for the last
lars, and denouneed the in-
of the Ministry in presence
horrors and spohations com-
i by the agents of Roeos, to
pejudice of the French citi-
prbo bad been reduced to the
aty of arming themselves fur
fence of tbeir Hyes and pro-
I ; and coutended that it was
prhen England, feeling ng-
d, had resolved on an armed
irenee, that France had
i it expedient to alter her

with regard to the savage
rf Buenos Ayres,
DT M. Drouin bad concluded,
^Ues mtbdrew his amend-
oafl a discussion afterwards
ppou one proposed by
]Dangeville, wbo moved the
m of the following paragraph
e to Madagascar : —
ranee is ready to make any
&e required of ber to promote
puportant interests ; but she

view with un€*asinesa the
l^dng without a well-founded
i^ of those distant expedi-

Vitet, as reporter of the
itiee to which the amend-
has been referred for exa*
ion» informed the Chamber
•Itbough the Speech from
Jfafooe bad made no men-
^Mbe expedition against

Madagascar, the question, never-
theless, had seriously preoccupied
the Committee, the majority of
which had been of opinion that
the expeditiun was inopportune,
and thought that the communi-
ctttion with Madagascar might
be reopened by paciiie means.
The Committee, however con-
vinced of the inutility of the ex-
pedition, would not take the ini-
tiative, reserving itself to adhere
to any amendment expressive of
that aeutiment which the Clmin-
her might propose. That moved
by M, DangevilJe, conveyiDg that
expression, had been approved
with the following alteration : —
** P'rance expects, from the pru-
dence of your Government, that
it will not engage, without a well-
founded necessity, in distant and
onerous expeditions."

M. Dangeville assented to the
mollification proposed, and waa
succeeded by M. Berryer, wbo
advocated tlio right of sovereignty
of France over Madagascar.

M. Guizot, wbo rose to reply,
adjuittcd the necessity of assum-
ing a strong attitude, in order to
enforce respect for the rights of
France* The expedition had no
other object ; it was intended to
give a severe lesison to the savages
who bad insulted the French Eag,
to re- establish the communications,
and not to undertake any inland
enterprise which might be attend-
ed with disastrous inconveniences.
The Government had ever main-
tained the status qiw, as respeci-
ed the rights of France, and the
French and English officers, who
united to chastise the Hovas, had
repaired to Tnmatave to avenge
common atFronts, without any pre-
vious concert. The same thing
might again occur^ should the Go-
vernment allow the English alone

[R2]

HISTORY.

[245

be Bubstitution of the word
od" for "a generous na-

iamartine afterwards ascend-
Tribune, and asked leave to

few obaervations on the si-
of tbe Cbristiftiis of Lt^bnnon ,
tiinded the osseiiibly of the
atio!i& concluded betn^eeti
I and tbe Forte, so far back
neis I. and Henry IV*, and
had constituted her the pro-
of the Syrian Catholics in
lar, and of all the other
ftn population in the East.
B attempts hitherto made,
;he auspices of the five great
lan Powers » to imp rove the
)D of the Maroiiite^ and
}hrislians of Lehanou, had

tended to make it more
wi, France, by entering
ropean concert, had placed
:)f her power to assist and
a population wliich inorallj
part of the French nation-
The evil had now reaclicd
pilch that something sthould
adily done to prevent the
illation of an entire petiple.
fcotiation shouhl be opened
* Porte, or France should
e from the European con-
d manfully take that people
ler proti.'ction. He would,
r, prefer the first course,
lartinc next advocated the
:y of restoring the family
lahab to the government
unon, and maintained that
ind tranquillity would not
in that unlia]>jij country
fcie Emir Beschir was re-
from exile, and invested
rith a power which he had
ercised for fifty-five yearB.
xaminin^ the conBeqnences
adoption of so hold a step
mce, which he admitted
liave the effect of dettroy-

ing the precarious alliance between
England and France, be concluded
by asking M, Guizot if the con-
dition of Syria, and the anarchy
which now prevailed in Lebanon,
preoccupied his mind, and was the
object of pending negotiations, and
if the restoration of the Schahab fa-
mily, and of a single and Christian
Administration, was entertained by
the French Cabinet,

M. Guizot replied, that the re-
establishmcnt of order and peace in
Lebanon was actively prosecuted
by France. He could not pledge
himself for tbe fluccess of bis en-
dcavourH, hut there existed a great
probability that they would achieve
the double object which M. La-
ra art in e proposed to himself. But
be thought that any discussion on
the affairs of Syria at this moment
might be attended with fatal con-
goi|iieiices. He accordingly invited
M, Lamartine not to bring forward
any aincndment on this subject.
To this M. Lamartine assented.

The Address was afterwards
carried in the Chamber of Deputies
by a majority of 91, the numbers
being 2:i2 to HL

The Address was presented to
the King on the 7tb of February,
and His Majesty returned the fol-
lowing answer : —

** Gentlemen Deputies,^--

** I receive your Address with
real satisfaction. I am happy to
find in it a manifestation so sig-
nal of the support which you lend
my Government, and of that loyal
and constant co-operation which is
the foundation of its force, and
the guarantee of all our liberties.
Public opinion acknowledges every
day more and more that it baa
been by the regiUar progress and
the perfect accord of all the powers
of the State that France has

Sjp^wk hyM, ThUri in the Chamber of Deputies^ on Mothn oJM.de
AmuMat — Ikply hj M. Guizot— -Speeches of M, Ouizot and M. d$
MontaJUmhert in the Chamber of Peers on the Secret Service Money
Will — Opiniojti fjrpretised bij the Minuter of Commerce and M.

I Ouizot relative to the Fret-Trade Measures of th^ English Government —
Sjteeches in thet Chamber of Deputies of M. Thiers and M. O-iiiiOt —
Amendtnent proposed bif M. Odillon Barrot reeded — Desperate
4ittempt to €tssassinate tJuf Kinti hy Lecomte — Trial and Ejr^cii-
tion of the Assauin^ Second aUeinpt on the King's Life hj Henri
— His Trial and Sentence — Escape of Prince Louis Napohon from
Ham — Close of Session and Dissolution of French Chambers — Post'
tion of M. Guizot's Ministrif — General Election — Opening tf the N'etfi
S^ssiofi — Royal Speech— Election of M. Sau:;et as President of tht
Chamber of Deputies — Destritettve Inundations and Food lUots in
France— Marriage of the Due de Montpensier tvith the Infanta of
Spain — Marriage of the Due de Bordeaux with Princess Theresa

IN the course of a debat*^ that
arose in tbe Chamber of De-
JuteSy upoD a motion mmde by M.
& Remosat, for limiling the num-
\teT €ii placemen, who might have
nemta m the Chamber, M. Thiers,
on the 16th of March made a
lon^ and elaborate speech » which
WMB regarded at the time as hi»
politleal maaifcdto for the Session*
He be^an bj eajing that he wished
to replj to a reproach which had
been brought against the Ministrj
of March I. It had been alleged
that he and the other members of
ihat Cabinet had opposed a pro-
poiittan eimilar to the present one*
He could declare that for his part

he had alwayft been a partisan of
the reform now demanded. In
1840 it was brought before the
Chamber, and in place of refusing
it, ho had, in his quality of Pre-
sident of the Conncil, exercised his
Iniiiience to get it taken into con*
sideration, Tlie matter was re-
ferred to a Committee, and before
that body he had entered into an
engagement to bring in a Bill on
the subject, in the course of the
enBuing Session, and to make it a
Cabinet question. How, then,
could it be sftid that he and hia
colleagues were adverse to the
reform now propoaed ? He was no
innovator ; he might have been

248]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [^V««.

one ander those old monarchies
where so many ahuscs existed, hat
ho was not one in the present day ;
when, therefore, ho supported the
proposition, he did so hecause he
considered the reform which it de-
manded to he an absolute necessity.
The hon. deputy then proceeded to
discuss at great length the merits
of the proposition. Going back to
the reigns of Louis XIV. and
Louis XV., and examining in an
historical point of view their vari-
ous positions as young monarchs,
and then as men advanced in years,
he showed that all Governments,
whether absK>lute or free, had their
abuses, their dangers* and their
flatterers. In absolute iiovem-
ments, he remarked, flatterr was
manifested above to the mvmiArrb
himself; in free ones below « ia the
bosom of delibenitr« a^MkrmbHetSs and
to those also who namod the meeu-
hers of such assetubUe*. Frv^m
this tendency arvv^o the abu^^es
which the pn^jHVjiUron aimeU at
putting down. Not th;ftB the«o
abuses were a* o\:ea«vo jis
had sometimes Uvn rv^preM^nted,
Franco was by no mo^ns ihe m^xst
corrupt country in the world, as
some persons took a pleasure in
representing it ; there was now,
perhaps, less elevation of mind
than thirty years before, but there
wa8 infinitely more purity of morals
than existed then. But evils had
decidedly taken root, of the kind
referred to in the proposition, and
there could be no doubt that they
ought to be chocked in their
growth, if not altogether eradicated.
Tho hon. deputy then referred to
thu example of England, which, he
said, could bo cited as a model, not
-^ - -<ooial institution, but of a
f^ne. He roforrcMl to the
which ex luted between
tionsof niHH ami 1830,

and showed that, mider William III.
and succeeding monarchs, laws had
been introduced to exclode govern-
ment functionaries from the Hoose
of Commons, just as the present
proposition aimed at keeping them
n-om the Chamber of Deputies.
He went on to argue, that thooglit
certain number of functionaries
were necessary in the Chamber, to
give information on special ques-
tions, yet that it did not follow
that because a man was not a
functionary he might not be per-
fectly well able to enlighten the
Chamber. M. 0. Barrot, he said,
was no functionary, nor was the
Duke de Broglie, nor Count Mole,
nor M. Guizot, and yet they were
men of great knowledge. He
therefore merely meant to saj,
that public functionaries, no doubt,
had great information, but thej
had not a monopoly of it. The
Chamber ought to be a body re-
presenting all classes of society,
but no one would speak seriously
of a majority representing advo-
cates alone, or manufacturers alone,
nor ought it to represent public
functionaries alone. And yet the
pn*sont one was exclusively com-
posed of public functionaries.
Then? were 184 of these in the
Chamber.

M. Liadiervs— 152.

M. Thier*,— Yes, 152, if the
Deputies cv^nposing part of the
KinjT s Hoosehold or Councillors of
State in extraordinary service, and
sueli like impioyes^ were excluded,
but of tbiNse i>4 fdnctionaries, 130
at Imm w«« Ministerial. The
nnmWtir <^ 3epctie» usually voting
was aKvm 4^>>. <*{ these 225 sided
with ibe MixiisnT. aad 1 75 for the
Op|>o»tktt, w):x^ ijsTe an average
majoriiT flf .^0 to tW Government.
But if 1 ,>0 fcurt-KCLT^j* werv found
amoniTM thf ^.Tx ojc&Sd it be

the majority was cmi-
thai of the Government
iHf Be it remarked, too,
te number of public function-
irho voted with the Opposi-
'as ycurly decreasing. In
1833, and 1834, there were
60 in the Opposition ranks^
Is at present the number
It more than 40, Since last
lljere had been 20 new elee-
and in theae 14 of the suc-
i candidates were public fuuc-
ieft. The evil was evidently
ling, and ought to be put
The conclusion that he
from these facts was, that
in that Chamber political
M were sacrificed to personal
Ita, Functionaries, perceiv-
Mi they often had the exist*
if the Cabinet in their hands,
y 8ouji:bt for seat^ in the
ber. Such functionaries as
posnessed only by the spirit
lir duty remained tranquil,
others, impelled by ambition,
themselves into the Minis-
ranks in order to arrive at
higher place. Whenever a
on fell vacant in the Court
counts, or the Court of Casaa-
\ the Council of State, who
almost sure to obtain it ?
It doubt a deputy ; and
ras so welJ known, that it
fiicientto cause the emploifes,
fere not deputies, to detest
fovemment for placing so
members of the Chamber
ieir heads. The hori. deputy
ixamined the question in its
y, which he conaidered fully
bd. He next alluded to an
[ment of M. Burro t, which
Even further tbnn tliat under
BIOD, and be admitted that be
'hiere} so fully approved of
that hon. deputy had done,
h** was ready to assume

the whole responsibility attached to
it, and should give it bis warmest
support. It was said that the
amendment not only attacked a
number of hon, deputies, but even
the august personage at the head
of atfairs. He had to reply to that
objection, that in what was thus
proposed nothing p€Tsonal was in-
tended, How could it be supposed
that he and his friends could aim
at attacking Royalty, when they
had supported it under aiich trying
circumstances ? The bon. deputy
here again referred to the great re-
volution at present being effected
in England, with wuch regidarity,
from both the Ministry and the
Royal power, confining themselves
strictly to the letter of the insti-
tutions. There was never any
such thing heard of in England,
he observed, as any enmity to
the Queen. No one ever said
there, * the Queen will have this
done or that done ;' but simply,
* Sir Robert Peel is doing so and
so,' or * Lord John Russell is
carrying out such and such a mea*
sure/ Did that mean that Eng-
land, who had expelled the Stuarts^
was willing to be Hubject to the
son of a cotton-spinner? Cer-
tainly not. It merely meant that
Sir Robert Peel was the will of
the country embodied in a single
man, The Government yield to
that will, not as to a riotous body,
but as t^nbgbtened reason obeys
a truth which it has discovered
and admitted. Sir R. Peel was,
then the country-made man ! And
could there lie greater stability or
a nobler attitude than that which
was exhibited ? An immense re-
volution was etTected, and not a cry
against the Queen. She passed
on with impunity in the midst of
all the agitation, re8pecte<l and
beloved ! Nay, even her deatli, if

250]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [iWmei.

it unfortunately should take place,
would cause an immense affliction
in England, but would not pro-
duce the slightest alarm." Such
was the sight he had desired to
behold at the Restoration. He was
then unknown, and, in his deep
obscurity, was acquainted with
neither the august occupant of the
throne, nor him who was to suc-
ceed him. In 1829, he had writ-
ten the phrase, ** The King reigns,
but does not govern.*' He had
written that in 1829, and he be-
lieved, in 1846, that his maxim was
perfectly possible. He firmly be-
licved tiiat a true representative
government was possible in France.
Were it otherwise, the country
ought to have been told so in 1830.
If the representative government
was not possible in France, it would
have been better not to effect the
revolution — if it was not possible,
what they had previously was far
preferable. He looked on the re-
volution of July as a stop in ad-
vance— as a progress, but he felt
convinced that there was much
more to be done. Was it neces-
sary to say what connection there
was between all this and the
amendment ? The amendment de-
sired te have Royalty always
placed out of debate, and to see
deputies vote fairly according to
their own opinions. But when re-
presentatives were seen to vote
day after day, according to the
ideas of another — it was evident
tbat such a state of things was
attended with grave inconveni-
ence. ** We had rather,'* said
M. Thiers in conclusion, ** sacri-
fice the King's aides-de-camp
than the King himself, and we
regard that as an advance in the
career at the end of which we per-
ceive the truth of representative
— '^mment. That truth will be

long in coming, it is aald. Be it
so ; I shall not say any thing te
the contrary ; but, in allowing the
fact, I must call to mind the words
of a Crerman author, who, in spetk-
ing of causes that triumph slowlj,
said — < I shall place my vessel on
the highest promontoiy of the
bank, and shau await the ooming
of the tide to set me afloat, lod
waft me off.' In the same way
I do not think that I am plsdng
my vessel so high that it will be
inaccessible."

The Minister of the Interior rs-
phed. He maintained that the
representative government was fnllj
and honestly practised at present
in France. The fundamental role
of such a government was to hire
it directed by the will of the ms-
jority. That was what was de-
manded under the Restoration, and
what was carried out in the pre-
sent day. It was said that the
Restoration had the majority. He
denied it. It was not when it bad
the majority that it fell, but when
it separated itself from the ms*
jority, and desired to govern in t
sense contrary to its will. The
present Government had been for
six years in power, and had it ever,
he would ask, separated from the
majority ? No ! and, therefore,
the fundamental principle of the
Government had been satisfiei
The hon. Minister then proceeded
to discuss the question on its own
merits, and argued that it was use-
less, inasmuch as it would not
attain its object, and woidd be at-
tended with grave inconveniences.
Speaking of corruption used by the
Government, the hon. Minister
retorted the charge on M. Thiers'
Cabinet, denying that it was ap-
plicable in any way to the present.
He referred to the deputies ap-
pointed since 1840, ana defied M.

<-}

HISTORY.

[261

I or an J GfAter hon. member
|ni out those shameful fall-
ff from opinions which had
iJludt^ to. He also called oq

to examine the returns of
liment promotions, and show
tamplcd of improper or illcgi-
I recompenses awarded for
Nil Apostasy. The hon. Mi-
' ftlflo called in question the
»yons of M* Thiers with
it to the numboT of deputies
Ig goifemment situAtioDs.
\ were not, he maintained,
f such deputies m the Cham-
lince generals on half-pay,
WT9 invested with merely
lw*y functions, and such liko,
f not to be included under the
i>ry just named. Bcfiides, he
d, whatever ihey were, they
(&en nominated by the elec-

The motives put forward by
Itbor and the supporters of the
It lion the bon, deputy dtd not

were the real ones. The

rsr had now existed for a
of Bve years* and dunng
Imo the ConserYfttivo policy
Iriumpbed. The Opposition
it the moment of the C ham-
dissolution p desired to see it
IQ itaelf, just as it was about
pear before the electors, a
bio act of discredit — it wanted
lajority to declare that for five
it had been wanting in dignity
PDrality. This, bo would venture
ft the majority would not be
ed to consent to. The hon.
ler concluded by alluding

tto the amendment. He de-
that a proposition to exclude
bucttonaries of the civil list
the Chamber came with so
, a worse grace from M.
f^, that it was he who had, in
/ nominated Baron Fain, the
lam of the civil li<t* a mem-
ibe Chamber. He main-

|r ibe Chaml

tainod, furthennorep that the cer-
tain effect of the amendment would
be to give to the enemies of the
institutions of the country a power-
ful weapon against Royalty.

The propoaitionof M. de RemuBat
was afterwards rejected by a ma-
jority of 48.

In the Chamber of Peers, on the
1 9th of March, when the discussion
took place on the Secret Service
Money Bill,

M. do Montalembert regretted
that ho could not grant the
Ministry a vote of confidence oa re-
spected its foreign policy, particu-
larly with regard to Poland. Ho
came forward, ho said, to defend
the holiest legitimacy, the only one
he recognised — the right of every
nation to exist and to be governed
according to the laws of justice.
The late insun-ection, he main-
tained, had not been excited from
abroad. The Poles required no
such excitation. Their oppression
was a peq>ctual cause of excite-
ment ; it was their right to fitrive to
shake off an iron yoke ; it had been
their history during the last eighty
years » Ho had not the courage,
like others, in presence of the re-
verses of the insurgents and the
blood they had just shed, to blame
their late attempt. Nobody in
Frail CO was placed in a condition
to appreciate the circumstances
that led to the insurrection and to
judge of its opportunity. Those
who are deprived of all the bless-
ings enjoyed in other countries
should not be lightly condemned for
not better biding their time, and
calculating their chances of suc-
cess, M, de Mental em bert then
examined the situation of the Poles,
placed under the dominion of the
three Northern Powers, and greatly
commended the system pursued by
Prussia towards her Polish sub*

HISTORY.

[253

I in France. M.

ry for me to refer
ich produced tho
!, and tlie motives
i tlie Govcrnnjcnt
pplicable to linen,
? The injury arose
3n of cloths II nd
gland; the impor-
tbreade amounted
rommea* The im-
ihs remained sta-
A no reason, then,
lot treat Belgium
B. The treaty of
led. Has our com-
fited by it ? The
it k has. If we
eral movement of
eUtions with Bel-
ftt period and the
iind that in 1842
mmerce between
iwm amounted to
It rose in 1 844 to
The Govcrument
lot to renew the
ider the same con-
it was concluded.

its engagement,
best terms ? Most
. The treaty of
Belgium the most
ions respecting its
ds. The conven-
of December im-
nitation upon that
been said that we
thing in favour of
I industry. That

We obtained the
le Royal ordinance
ras so injunous to
a. We obtained

terms for what
'isian articles — a
in the duties upon
aed for our other

means of advan-

tageously competijig with other
cimntries. So much for the treaty.
The economical reforms proposed
in the British Parhanient cannot
fail to have fixed the general at-
tention. Those who think that we
should not hesitate to imitate the
example given ns by the English
Parliament advise a premature
and dangerous aet, England has
never pursued any other line of
conduct than that of her interestt
and »he was right ; it is in that
particular we should imitate her.
From the earliest period it haa been
the aim of England to e.Tftend her
manufactures, her navy» her com-
merce, and to obtain in all cases an
advantage over her competitors.
She did not sutler herself to be car-
ried away by theories ; she con-
sulted facts ; she studied her posi-
tion and compared it with that of
other nations, and acted accord-
ingly. The prohibitive system was
long most rigidly pursued in Eng-
land ; it may be traced as far back
aa the year 1283, In the time of 1
Edward 11 L all foreign stuff's were
forbidden to be imported, and woul-
lens forbidden to be exported. The
protection upon iron came next,
Tiie present discussions in the
English Parliament prove what we
knew beforehand ^ — namely, tliat by
maintnining certain onerous duties
in the tariff, England expects to
make the nations interested pur-
chase their repeal by obtaining
from them eoucesaions favourable
to her own.manufaetures. 1 must
here remark, however, that Eng-
land does not in anyway modify her
colonial system; that is to say. she
continues to reserve for herself the
manufactures, navigation, and com-
merce, which ought in administer
to the wants of 100,000,000 of
consumers. All that explains itself.
The more England produces, the

>"■-■-- ^GISTEIL IS4tf. [f

- • -■ ri::z:^ ' .•' .J^i .■•.•L'iir:'-«n •

•• » ■ > - •■■-ir -_i- .«-a-:i::i-a».

--= .■--..■.. I :.rti. .-Ill "Oc •:uimi

. _: .- : "r.r jj
•-- -■.- --rp

.^. L=^.-L .a

l^'^L".

H I S T O R Y.

[26S

to

ity and the Becurityof the social
No |>crson can be ignorant
(in England in particular) it
ike influence of tho landed
^rieiors^ to the influence of what
tiaiiianT termed the tertitorial
trifttocT^cj, that England owes her
poirar, and a great jx»rtion of her
lilierties and of her pronperitr. I
tm persuadcKl that Sir K. Peel
oerer entertained an idea of taking
from the landed interest the as-
cendancy which it so happily pos-
Mawa in England. lie thought
that be would he enabled to tm-
prore the condition of the raann-
factYiniig claftses without altei^iog
the iDBtitutions of his cotintry. I
k»pe that he will succeed in this
MUe end. Now let ns turn to
fmofi; The flmt of these mea*
mres, the social reform which in-
UrMli the tnannfacturing popola-
tNt, 1 do not hesitate to aaj is not
ippiieable to this country. Not
that the condition of the manufac-
turmg dashes is not capable of
BVDJ imeliomtiona ; hut there is
no coDipariaon in that respect be-
t^wm England and Franco. With
tt the agrieultural population do-
Bd&ilet ; the manufacturing po-
priiioD is very inferior in pt/mt of
BBnbers, and it is not subject to
thoieriolent osciUations from which
the manufacturing population of
ft^giftod tufler so severely- I con*
•ttfe that we ought to proceed
»Wi more moderation, more pru-
•■BCc, more rcscnre, than the Eug-
Wi Mtniater, in our reforms, in
^ Kspeci, When we look nar-
'<>*ty iuto the reforraa proposed by
Sir R, Peel and their motives, it
*ill be aeon that those great re-
tonns are not in anywise applicable
*oPfaoce. I will but make one
■oii obterration, and which will
•Wwer a question proposed to me
■y M. Lesiiboudoift ; — * What is

the object of commercial treaties ?*
Did you not aay yourself that it
was much better not to concludo
them, and to confine oneself to re-
ciprocal taritf modifications ? I
have stated snch to be my opinion,
and I am far from altering it/'

During a discussion on the esti-
mates, which took place on the
27th of May and two following
days, M, Thiers seized the oppor-
tunity of making a bin g and ener-
getic attack upon the policy of Mi-
nisters ; and ho was ably replied to
by M* Gttizot. These two speeches
were the most Interesting that oc-
curred during the Session, and we,
therefore, give them at greater
length than usual. The immedi-
ate occasion of the debate was an
amendment proposed by M. Odillon
Barrot, to reduce* by 10»(>UU francs,
the item in the budget of the
Minister of the Interior for the
payment of the Secret Police.

M. Thiers said, that it was in
order not to interrupt the discus-
sion of the Chapters that he ad-
dressed tho Chnmber at that mo-
ment, lie st^od there to support
by anticipation the amendment of
M. Odillon Barrot. The Chamber
would comprehend that it was not
a vote that he came forward to so-
licit, nor did ho want, on the eve
of an election, to excite men's
minds by a liighly coloun d picture
of grievances. His only design
was to expose to all impartial and
enlightened men the motives of his
opposition. In his opinion a re-
action had been for some years
going on, not of a violent character,
for such could not take place ill i
the present times, but a moderate i
reaction, such as had been mani-
fested at the Eerohition of 1830.
He had contributed to found and
consolidate the present Govern-
ment, and he now attacked it,

2j6]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Frmee.

r..: ir. ;•> -.'ri^'-.i-i' — G^id forbid^ —
ty:'. ;:* ^^^--r ■.:' ::t «*(.:■• —in the acts
of i'.-i »*:rrar.:5. lb'.- jire«^-Dt llinifr-
t»:r9. who, iii f'.'Il'.'wing their omn
ta-Ur-. imaipried th-jr were serring
ic.4 iric*fr<.-?t^. Sonje months bmck
ht- -all] that all ^ioreniments com-
nK-ru-fd hv bein:^ richt, and finished
by bi-in^r in th*.* wrong. He cited
tbv K«-volutiiin. the P^nipire. and the
Krstiiratiun ; the Kevolution, hu-
nirittrat tirst, and cruel afterwards;
till* Kinjiiru at first sage and well
ordered, and then des[i0tic and mad
ut't«'r Hen soles s con«juest8 ; and,
lu^tly, the Uestoratioti, which came
in li'^l.O, UM it declared, to preserve
all lawful ri<;ht8, and yet violated
ill liS.'^Oall thi; rights of the na-
tion. Was the present Govern-
ment following tlie example of the
three preceding ones ? lie should
Hjiy, what it ought to have been,
wlmt it hud hetni, and what it now
was, and then a judgment could be
formed on the subject. He should
first exannne what its conduct
ouy;ht to have been at its birth.
Then' were twt» courses open to
it - a warliki' or a pacific one. A
gi»\erimient youm; and ardent,
taking advantaije of the enthusiasm
which prevailed in France, and the
agitation which pervaded Kurope,
miijht endeavour to take a glorious
vengeance for the events of I8l,">.
but the result of such a course was
doubtful, and that was sutHcient to
condemn it. The new iJevorn-
ment beheld Kurope. the higher
classe> of N^H'iet\. and the ohuivh.
withdrawing fivm it. In s;:ch a
pv^-iitii^n. the py;u'\ v^f tbo iM^^orn.
ment >h,n»lil b.ue Uvu 'jvu ;r.o .^:ui
m*Hb*v,-ne. bui h:m Fv.TVjv >V..v.;';d

h.iXO Kv.l «\Uti^ I,M\v'. tV.Jit FvAV.tV

%»!0-.,si fo;- po-i.v. V..M ^vv.^ te^r.
bru f^^m ,v^).".-iv.-'-. . »''.■ ■.■.•■••jvr
.:^*xO^ ol •..s-.,;\ v:-.,-..\i ,M- ;.v-
V^t^^ ib*i. ■" 1VMNN r.'Vv jl'*'" !'*•*'*■-

lion, the Government of the coun-
try was not to be rendered subject
to' them ; and that, if they were
hostile, it woald be maintained
with a firm hand; the church should
be made to sec that in proserr-
ing to it its dotation and hononrs,
no principle was to be sacrificed.
In fine, an able and prudent ad-
ministration was required — an ad-
ministratiun. placing on a 8troD|^
basis the navy, army, and finances.
On these two conditions, of a peace-
ful and fi nn policy, and of a pru-
dent administration, the new Go-
vernment could hare arrived at tlie
destiny of those ofiicers of fortune,
who, having become Catinats and
Vaubans, marched on an equalitv
with the Condes and Montmorencis.
He might be told that this was
what it had been, and what it now
was ; he would reply, *' No. it ift
what it commenced by being, but
what it is no longer.'* What was
seen at the origin of the Govcni'
ment ? A liberal alliance with
England, which upheld the influ-
ence of France in Europe. All
the statesmen of the day were in
accord in endeavouring to put
down disorders without effusion of
blood : and when the Government
deniandeil 100.0iH).OOOf. to com-
plete the public monuments and
public works, the Chamber gave
it them, great as the sum was,
with confidence. The conduct of
the Government was then proper and
prudent — such, in fact, as suited
their situation. But afterwards
thftt prudence was changed into
a de>:ro to preserve their posi-
Vv-.is : it Kvame mere inertness:
,-*.v..i ^\^*.r.]«soto immovability appear-
»v. JO c^^cm all their acts. The
v.. " ;:••.. Kc deputy then proceeded
:,- v\. :.". :'v-: a an ous circumstances
. »':..» :•. :';. > :::; willingness to more
«A^ ;v;a:.::\>:i^. Ue instanced

HISTOR

[257

It

Spain, wliere France refused to
int«rfero; he referred to Belgium,
which, from the refusal of Franco
to aet, had lost Luxembourg^ and
the French troops were ohliged to
evACuate x\ncona* This last cu*-
pumstance appeared so hcuious
that then was formed the coaUtion,
in which M. Guizot, M. Duchatel,
and the Duke de Broghe had luiitcd
to overthrow the Mole ministry.
Afterwards came the coolness be-
iwern France and England, In
conseqncDCC of the checks which
arose from it, France desired to
take her revenge, and wont to seek
it in the East. He had not placed
credit in the illusions which were
entertained on this point; and, in
fine, it came to pass that the eastern
Jttestion waa lost like the other:?.
"hat was the proper course to ho
pttr»aed at the period just alluded
'o t Evidently to keep apart — in
* &tate of isolation, completely re-
■^oved from hostility ; but it was
*^%ired to renew the alliance, and
^^ that purpose an extension of
!^^ right of search was conceded.
«ie country became c^reatly ogi-
^t-ed in consequence, and the Go-
J^^t^ment was obliged to demand
^%ck the concessions that were
Jjii^e. Then, to turn the atten-
^lUi of the public mind in another
^Hrectiont a lure was thrown out,
^tid tlie ejtpedition to the Marquesas
^aa de?ifled. Here, again, it was
^Ound necessary to recoil, but this
j^lmc It was not before the country,
ot before England, that the with-
drawal took place. Admiral Du-
"petit-Thonara was disavowed, and
mn indemnity was granted to the
«m>gant missionary who had caused
the blood of their soldiers to be
fbed. But this was not all. Worse
tban thb was done, A difference
irose between England (the chance
iUt of France) and the United
Vol. LXXXVIII.

States, her fundamental ally, and
France took the part of England.
The very utmost that the Govcm-
niont ought to have done, was to
have observed a kindly neutrality.
But from all these concessions, had
France, at least, reaped any ad-
vantage ? No. In Syria, where
she asked for a little humanity to
ihii Christian populations, her voice
was unheard ; and in Greece^
where she only desired to see sound
policy established, her wishes wore
thwarted » It was said that peace
had been observed. He allowed
that peace was a great blessing ;
but let the Chamber not forget,
that on the occasion of the miser-
able affair of the Marquesas, and
at the moment of the Pritchard
amendment, France was nearer war
than she had been for iifteen years
before. The hon. Deputy here
again referred to the state of
Ji^pain, and accused the Govern-
ment of wishing to appear to exer-
cise an influence there* which, in
reality, it did not possess. He re-
ferred to the cases of Espartero
and Nnrvaez, both of w!iom were
at first supported by the French
Cjovenimcjit, and then utterly neg-
lected. How, he would ask, was
Spain situated at present ? Queen
C'hristina, whom he had been
anxious to succour in her distress,
and whom he bad not flattered in
her prosperity, had admitted into
her heart a most unjustifiable
hatred far the sons of her sister,
and, under the influence of that
most lamentable sentiment, had
sought in Naples a husband for
her daughter in the Count de
Trapani, He had no intention to
give any opinion relative to that
candidate, but every one well knew
that the choice was impossible; he
was opposed by all porties in Spain,
and was particularly odious to the

[SJ

4

4

— -• • -..-: -niL-* «-^£axe aup? Tjieni. 3iir -am

■ i'- ... .. :,-•;».. rr-r- Siir Tr~=u :aLC 'ti-.- nniinimiQ

-• ■ ■ ' "*■ . -ji cir rf-rr Tta a zmi idr. la In]'.'

»■' •:■-■• ... ■ ■ !■■• sa-v :ia -tr ij»i»*r;c> Tc^sa -^lon^iea :ii 'iie '

• . ■: • • '• -■ . - I-'-eiiT T'^ttsL: "A. Zs 1 jltrfll -Tie '0 riu! i

• . ■ ". " •■ i'^.'"" '^-ii -iiu ijLL-s. iiAt— . rill!

• ■■.■•/• ..■• --r. ,:r'i.ij^r -iiv" "":i. irf^imni: Tnin 'Jf

" ■■■ ' '' ■'^: ••'-:'^' t-^ r-^'inirf ^u ••".'uroiw fne.

• •'■'• ■"' ■ '. :. -•- — :— .7- r- iit- -tit? j»ik** jr Sisr-

'• • ir ..:i-5 i:-jA^ »^-s .iTSyt-.'iw-i -• Toieari'* IT

I..' :' •rrziL.-ii: n 'ne .'lianiiMr.

*■*' ! vl- •▼•-I tb^iT ''?r^ H'-JQ-

i:- i-i::::: .:T»-r^."U"»ir tth die ^t?c^-
-:i.:.-r .u — rii-a Lie ir-uc I'l'^J-

yraA.*. ?":i' ntn. iiMiirrr irt
.—.'■••"--I -I I :ii' ifiir'* tf "ne m'T;
i*"ii- Lilt I "iuonrv-. IE* itinifl*?*^
'-1-- f»"'!~imi'fir if iJowia;; •b*^
.I. I'- - TiJ. -I -11 n. iU"i *ani •.h>'
...i.'- I" r. -.'..; .'lani ^t'!"^ :ii'''frf'?i

A-:--.:. L.-.'i -i-vl:-r-T:-. -jut hc:^
•1 '■.■..■■': '-IT .: VL* "p'oeriv- or-^

rr;ivalry ■'"is n.s ■.•trrtiin -t' r^nx-ur-
iiiL^ ii'ir^-.s, Iti Allii-i.L to ibe
Hfftfij r t iri'i* i:n.i2-?i?^. Lo eom-
plnirsfil of tho ivir.s rhat the
Stnt^r (mil been foroe«i to contract,
mill ndiluciiii; the vxamplo ut the
r.iiInT rif Fnnlfrii.-k the *iroat,who
htiil It -It his son an army and trea-

«••» wliirh cnnMed him to din-

i|iii'r Sili'-ia, ho <lecl»\reil that he
IiiimI i-iMilil (»arilr»n tho Goremment their
rmilti. it' thoy loft treasure sufli-
riiMii fur a similar purpose.

N«-\t il.iy M. Guizot ascended

I III- iii»Miin'. an«l «irtid that, in re-

|.i.....it. I.I.I. I. .1. iiii.i. .1 ii L n-i pKinir lo tilt' observations of the

ii«iu i.iiMiiii .11 iiiiHil V\ liiLi i»i lull- iioii. M. Thiers, he should en-

ubiiiiiit |iiti^i luuiiiiiii uiuiv ddbvoui' to avoid all personal re-

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11 .( \l iiii .(1 \ iill«l llli'

^1

HISTORY.

[259

p { feff whether one attempted
^ieUAUOii to disparage one's
Viviest or to eulogize one-
the efiToet must be to lesson
fttltio of important mattera,
I aa the general interest of
tiiidi or the aflfairs of nations.
hon. gentleman, in bis ob-
(tions on the policy of the Go*
jDent since 1830, bad divided
D two heads, one in which he
and the other in whieh he had
l^ken a part ; tbe former ha
ipproTcil of, and the latter he

*" "wied. lie would observe,
iril to the former, that in
ion the hon, deputy had
liven it the full praise that it
NTcd ; for a policy which, on
lorrow of a rovolution, in the
\ of the greiitejst agitation,
^Iwayi^ remained master of it-
"►prudent, juat» and moderate
\»% celt a inly be called a «^reat
f, lie must bog the Cbam-
1^ l^otise him from not follovr-
jbe hon. gentleman tlirongh
lie questions wliich be had
If for there were many which
^ more desirable Ui leave for
ly to record j for the great
hisibiUty falling on a minister
ItntJy did not allow him to

auch que«tionB ae be might
O. With regard to the i-ij^ht
Aroh, be would ask wbelber,
le Cabinet had fallen under

quej^tion, and tbo hon. M,
rs had concluded the couven-
of 29tb Alay, thu Uppojiition
i not have regarded it aa a
i piece uf succosa, Tbc bon.
tem&n, in alluding to the con-

of the Goveniraent towarda
D, oxpreiiaed bis astonishment

when the fupport of the
rh Government was demanded,
»epljr tiboubl have been to tell
10 tare herself ; tbat was, hov»'-
.TghM she had been able to

aecomplith. 8he had, without in*
tervention, put an end to the civil
war, and eatabhisbed a constitu-
tional government. Bpaiu donbt-
lesti continued to experience many
diffieulticB^ but he denied tbat she
was in a declining Btutc ; on the
contrary, she van in the way txj
return to the good principles of
practical government. Ho was
gurprisetl to hear the hon. gentle-
man make use of tbe names of
parties connected with Spanish af-
fairs, in a tone of bitterness wbicb
could not be made use of when
speaking of their own affairs* M,
Ckiizot hero passed an eulogium
on Goneral Narvaejs, wiio, be ob-
served, had conferred great be-
nefits on Spain. Tbat officer might
bave committed great faults, might
have yiobled to tbe brutal tradi-
tions of bis country, but wbcn pru-
dent voices warned bim tLat bo
was acting wrong, he at once gave
way, and remained strictly within
the bounds of constitutional order*
No person ought, therefore, to ac-
cuse General Narvae« of having
compromised the monarchy of bis
country* As to QneeJi Christina,
who could tell by what views ber
motbor^s heart had been moved in
seeking a buahand for her daugh-
ter i She bad too nnicb good
sense, and too much political ex-
perience r not to sacrifice any per-
sional feelings of hor own to tbe
welfare of ber country. Spain
was tit present in the bands of
men who had given proofs of their
devotethiess to hor intcregts. What
France owed t!ieni, and what she
desired to afford them, was her
moral support. lie nbould not then
pause to answer Uio observations of
M . Thiers relative to Syria^ for the
<]ueation would one of these days
be brought forward, and discussed
at full length, lie must, howcvor,
[S2]

4

HISTORY.

[281

^il umclbe tbe poticj
*" \VtUi rtgard to the
olifT of tbt? Gcnrem-
reproach m«de
tb« hoii. geotl^nan
I not a parliAment-
It liiul Mquired
It WAS nctmitted that
Bwyl tUrougli many diffi-
K w^lueh it kud got over
nu, And jet it was
iturj gQremment;
|fArtr, and gorerned
If l>j tbis it was
it tWt ihe majority
i a firmucH^, an organ-
a uiiUy which waa
» llio Ckreinment con-
on it. The Con-
f m fact, for the
mnst be regarded
[ confttltuiional force
ry^ A eonstitntional
required a majority
those principles, and
Ho wing und^r the same
Great eforts and great
~ been made to attain
Ab hoD, Members did
to underslacd tlie Ba-
I alluded iOf he would cx-
thej had sacrificed the
^IrieDdshjps, aud die warmest
I mtuut^in th*? unity of tbe
" r 0 par t j , This had pro-
[oo tlie side of tl*' Opposition
I had been called n fusion. lie
(fdci^d they wi*ro very far
i fi^rmlng a party fit to govern,
ihey wf^re wautlng iti the ideas,
Beiitiiiient4ii, aDd the habits,
kfa constituted auch a party,
y bad. however, started in that
U a&d he much preferred seeing
% to witnessing the disunion,
inpiiiasancey and the inco-
ipae which formerly reigned in
flHiiui ci the Opposition. They
I dUae right to constitute them-
mnto ft great party, and to

take M. Thiers aa their leader.
It was not long since that that,
hon. Member designated him-
self nnder that eharacter. He
should leave that question to be
settled among themselves ; hot he
must be permitted to bdieve that
the example of the Conservative
party, and the necessity felt for
strengthening themselves, had led
to that result, which he ahould
consider as a mark of progress,
but in which it appeared they had
not advanced as much as he
had thought. The Government
was told that it certainly had the
majority, but that this advantage
was obtained by means of cormp-
tion, and at the expense of repre-
sentative government. The Op-
position allowed that it had confi*
deuce in the institutions of the
country, and that it admired them.
But had not these institutions been
in force for the last fifteen years ?
Was not every one in his place '<
Was not the combat that was going
on between the several parties re-
giUated by these institutions ? And
when a new species of liberty had
been admitted, that of public vot-
ing in the Chamber, had the Go-
vernment and the Conservative
party suffered from it? Un-
doubtedly not. But it was not
alone in the Chamber that the in-
stitutions were in force ; through-
out the whole length and breadth
of the territory they prevailed, in
councils general, in municii>al
cuuficils, in the National Guard,
everywhere they had their influ-
ence, and everywhere the Govern-
ment had the majority ! Well,
then, here were free and powerful
institutions used by every one at
full liberty, and yet the Opposition
went the length of declaring that
they were annihilated by corrupt
tion ! What greater insult could

rfwiiK'c.]

HISTORY.

[265

[Hoogcd equally to tUe old Freiich

[nobilitv wheiiercn* they i^dslied to

tbeai, and to the people, in

rtion as it mised itself, and

1 the conditions of its acces-

lo pohtkal life. What he

[deoiml and hoped tiiost aiixiouslj

llrftd to »ee such French suhjects

I who hitherto bad taken no part in

1 poliliciil life, either througli an nn-

ijoit difiiiain, or through ignorance,

|ibnnin§^ thcmaclves hj the proper

ii|r|>renticeship, and taking their

[pjuceji on the benches ef political

ghis. That was the idea of the

[tiovemtuent respecting the Legi-

J liaisl party — an idea ahke honour-

l«Hn to both parties. As to the

cWgy, the Ministry hAl not tiie

»J»gfat^8t notion of in any way de-

' lir<?ring up to it either the govern-

' ineiit or the education of youth.

He liftd been the first to declare

tlwt the two grand conquests of

[toe Revolution of July were, that

|A«»tate wa« laic, and that ednca-

I'toon was free, and to that principle

|41ie Cabinet would firmly adhere.

"♦ Thiers hod also touched on the

»^*tDe administration, the anny,

^*^ the fmances. Jf any foreigner

^oald chance to travel through

r ranee, be (M. Ouizot) helievcd

*^t the country woidd not apjiear

^^ Litn so hailly admin istereil as

5*** hoa. gentleman tjeemed to in-

Tbe anny had been de-

r fixed as to nutnhcrs three

ek, and M, Thiers was as

cH aware aa any one how use-

liljr it had been employed in the

t*at work of donn nation in Africa.

^M. tJuixot) looked on Algeria

i de3tincd to increase immensely

le grandeur of France in the

^orld, and he should he most un-

''iUiag to weaken in any way the

ienas by which that end was to

ttfected. Aa to the finances

M public workfl, the ministers of

these departments wmdd answer
all objections when their budgeti^
were under discussion. It WMll
true that the finances at present]
supported a heavy burden, but the
Government felt convinced that
they wotdd issue with honour from
their critical situation. ** I have
now," said the Minister, in con-
clusion, " I believe, replied to all
the points alluded to by M, Thiers,
and conjointly with the regret
which 1 have felt at so general
and i*haq> an attack against the
Government, 1 avow that I feel
a profound ijentiment of s^atisfac-
tion, and for this reaBon,— that at
present, when all is calm and
tranquil around ns, when prosper-
ity prevails at home and security
abroad, we may, without the
shghtest inconvenience, subject all
the acts of the (iovernmcnt to the
most rig-id scrutiny. M. Thiers
and my self have not always met in
our encounters nnder so serene, so
calm a heaven ; we have often, in
our combats, had far greater diffi-
culties to contend with, and burdens
of a very diti'erent weight hanging
over our heads» 1 feel confident
that the policy followed since 1840
has much to do with this serenity,
and that the Government has con-
tributed to bring about this happy
state of tilings. For my part, I
congratulate myself that, notwith-
standing the violent attacks which
have been directed against the Go-
vernment, we are at present in
such ft position as to be able to
liear without inconvenience every-
thing that may he alleged in this
trilume/*

AVhen the amendment was put
to the vote, there appeared —
Against the nmemlment 220
In its favour . ,147

Majority

73

oiiiod ; he emu
course Tiilgtr^ III
nonv f>f it. II
timl if lie ■•on

lO tL© Crvwn,
of Qiiderttaii
nuktiareli ^u<^
acUora of lbi»
gtjrvon&tDfint. T
nmrks wiilch bi-
Qse^stOT^ to miii
tioosiif 'il Tlii
and domoftii' [nA
Tliere wpro f*\.
puiiits to whirlj I
iiec«a»ftrj to od
to ilo »tif br >
moL from r =
f^w tmti

and on tlic i
Ing from tf,.

ciougrntui.."
After the kj
f»f an liawn ^■
tribuiie. At-
cvticlado, *s '
limit lif biii -
hful woru Oil I
CbamWr. ''
Htdcnt rtf lli*' '

TORY.

[Mf

^ Hh^ poreoa who im-
yrm iftstantljaeissed,
^«d to be a PAriiiaa
of niinod fonune, named
^nri. He did not pre-
side any political motive
n^ ami tlenied that bo
rsmifil ammoftitj against
^i^itlg tlio desperate
Ib eircum»taD<!e8 as the
I for hia attempt, lie
h^ wished to die, but
Irage to eoramit auiclde,
f of no J bullets were
aigli eiirefullj ecarcht^d
k b vorf probable that
^^^ptoioi^d oaly powder.
^^Bbd br the Chamber
•f ftnd being found guilty,
liotieed to hard labour at
h» for life. He aeoms to
mi Bomewbat unsettled in
l» tltiiougb we by no means
»ii he had ceaaed to bo
Me for bift action 8, and
^n executed ou the acaf-
■hmld have niet with the
Hi he deierred. Perhsps,
p, the eon tone e passed upon
m the one most likely to
fcers from similar attempts,
!r«nee eueb reprobates seem
I- in a public execution.
Hte 25th of May Prince
Ehj^leon Bonaparte made
i|e from the fortress of
mne he had been confined
iMr fop six years — ever
Jk ridiculous attempt upon
JM'With a handful of fol-
Mrf a tame eagle, of which
ire gare an account in a
iii Tolmne *. He effected
i-lrom the castle by assum-
IHirnint of a workman, and
Nmng the Tigilance of the
'*' He immediately crossed
Mhr into Belgium, and then
ttfp in England.

The Seaiion wti ehMed 1^ a
Royal Ordinanoe on the 3m frf
July, and by another ordinance^
iasned on the 6ih of that months
the Chambere were dissolred. Thi^
position of the Onitot Ministry at
this time was strong, and the ef**
forte of the Oppoeitiott during the
preceding Seesion had been so f<se*
ble and nnarailing as almost to
imply the consciousness of a hopd^^
less cause. It seemed unable to
discover any salient points of a^
tack ; and the elaborate orati<ms of
M. Thiers, on the few occasions on
which he spoke, were rather the
complaints of a disappointed rival,
than the manifestoes of the leader
of a party which expected to h^
able to displace the Government^
and assume the reins of power.

The general election took place
on Sunday, the 2nd of Augoit,
and the result was extremely fa-
vourable to the Ministry. All the
members of the Cabinet were re-
elected, and it received a greater
accession of strength than was an-
ticipated. It is difficult to esti-
mate the exact amount of gain ;
but it was calculated that Govern-
ment acquired by the elections up-
wards of thirty votes, in addition
to those which it possessed in the
former Chamber.

The new Session was opened by
the King, on the 17th of August,
when he delivered the following
Speech : —

** Gentlemen Peers and 2>ij>il-
tiea —

** I experience a lively satis-
faction at seeing you assembling
round me with so much engemess.
At the usual period of your labour
I shall communicate with you re-
specting the internal and external
affairs of the State. At present,
in confoking immediatdy the two
Chambers^ in comp^nce inAi ^«

L26e

\ ol thf ycnr remonsirance and
Bminiitioii gave to the corre-
nce between the two 60-
vsmmeDts altnait the tone of hos-

I the month of November a

iwjt of marriage was entered

nrtw^en the Count de Cham-

^Lke name assumed by the

de Bcfrdeaiix) and the Princess

lesa Beatrice, the sister of the

-nmg Duke cpf Modena. Her

relationahLp to the Imperial

nOy q{ Austria and ample for-

' rendered this match pecu-

V eligible for the Prince, and

^rreDgtUcncd Ui.-? position by thus

Yrringiiig hiiii into connection with

Mtve of the most powerful reigning

Houses In Europe.

370] ANNUAL AEGISTER, 1846. [%^

_\

CHAPTER X.

Spain. — Importance of the Question of the Queens Marriage^AUrm
of the Senate in answer to the Royal Speech — Dissent of the Duke ie
t'ritis in the Senate and Senor Seijas Lozano in tlie Congrta from
their CoUeogues — Differences hettreen the Sjmnish Government (odtkt
PajHi! See — Debate on the separate Address moved in the Ckamher
of IXputies bg St*nor Seijas — Speeches of Senor Seijas and Gourd
.V.irj-.ic-: — Bejection of the separate Address — Discwaion on tk
A.iA*t» p'oifised bg the Committee — Speeches of Senor CoWmw
(' .7,p;;f,<. SntorPidal, Senor Galiano, Senor Martinez de la Bm,
.> :.i S ■: • ^iliunanca — Addreu voted in the Congress — DonEnrifUi
.i I'i : f; 7.::* /■ r the Queens hand — Statements by General Xansa
■< ; ;■ : O-'*"* i '' Morriage — Manifesto by Don Enrique, irho item-
;v ■ T ■ , ; >y.i:*i — ^V*t1kness of the Ministry and resignation of
: V ^,:,: — rii^<ueei<;situl attempts to fonn a Cabinet — Contti-
\'; \-' 't\< Ministry — Mini.<terial e.r]iianation$ in thetio
- ^ -'.'■•: / Ut'.rrtil Xarraez — Orerthrow of the Mirajlorn
; •■ ••:* (I .Vev Ministry — Dti<p4jtie intentions of the
'<: .s*-t^.i ''u it — Decree against the Liberty ^f
: ■ :' ■• ff - -.4 ':ies , ; rj , i r? -i i^rnatio n of General Xa n<uz
* - .'>:.-.:; '. ":Hi:-: — Xarrtiez i-* obliged to Udte
- :':.-:.i — V- ->i:?V»i of the R^U'ii Marriagti.
• >'* ■ •' 3 ' -f ■ ■ 'i '. \i ' i i, « ts — Proehi tn at ions imi^
*■■ ■ — .' :-.:?- 'I, p. -If Enrique ugainH the

^' ■ ■■ ' ■ -■ ' \V':.iVi7 EogKil Marrianfi ^^

^ - ■. '" / ■"•: r* .' iV J*[' nrjeiisier at Madrid
N. ._<■ . ■:•-. 'r-i-'Mon'i.jeoftheQiief^
•' -• c :' I ■, — D<n Francisco ^
'■ ^ ■■ ■ " ■ - -■■ T.r'.'.i^ if.juitg "f Kin^"^

• • >■■ • ■' • G^'judee' f'f >^pa^^

■ , xi ' ?[ :}r ■ si^r /:r Paris ^^
— r ■ vv ■ - . , r" the Cur^
'^ "^ • •' Z*:.nr; Cahinet"'^

' *■ .; -•- 1 f Si^teh fn^

"•>:. -.r-d did mat- ^

: >: ^ •••i understand

. — •..':. 4* it h^*

i^r.Ti^a Asu Franc* -

II IiAire occasion to onter at
tngth upon this subject in
Tatire of eventa in Spain
Ike year, for nothing oc-
t]iero so important in its
. aspect and so fraught
nsequenccs as these Royal

tlie 28th of Decetnbor,
Senate, the Marquia de
ncra, Secretary ta tlie
tec for drawing up the
) in answer to the Speech
ic Throne, read the docu-

ch had been prepared.

' Qoat an echo of the
cb. The dispute with
« of Rome was allucled
)e following terms :—
le Senate has also heard

Pit from the auguat lips
JcBty that nci^otiationB
B pending with the Holy
d it is intimately conTinced
- great interest it is to the

to witness a sjjcedy and
ermination to that auliject ;
tru&tfl that the natirm will
It benefit to the solicitude
idence of your Majesty and
ijostyV Governmt'Ut/'

of the niemhcrs of the
tee* the Duko de Frias,
used to sign this Address;
enting from his colleagues,
• up one for himself, which

(o the Senate,
le Congress also the Com^
appointed for drawing up
Lress were not unanimoUii*
lor Seijas Lozano prepared
rate document, which ho
d to the C'hambcr, The
I aigned by the majority

usual a mere echo of the

from the Throne. The
lifficuUies which the Go-
nt had to grapple with
bfiflion were the Queen's
!«, and the dispute with

cm

the Papal See, The latter subjeol^
was thus handled in the Address,
proposed by Senor Seijas Lozano.

** The Congress baa seen with
much regret that the good under-
standing which ought to exist be-
tween this country and the Holy
See has not been as yet esta-
blished. The ex|>licit promises
made by your Majesty's Govenv-i
ment in the late Session revived!
the hopes of an immediate recon*
cilitttiua with the common father ^
of all the faithful ; and in such a
umnuer, that the nation beliered
so happy an event was probable^ \
if not already verified.

** Jlay Hoaven grant to the
Government of your Majesty bo tier
fortune in the continuation, as well 1
as termination of the^ nogotia*
tions !

'* The Congress entertains a
hope that, in following them up,
our duties ns Catholics will be con*
ciliated with the prerogatives of
the Crown ; and it hopes that the
Govennnent will not forget that
those rights which have been
created under the protection of
the laws will be respected."

A debate look place early in
January^ in the Chamber of De-
puties, on the Address which was
brought forward by Senor Seijaa
Lo7.ano, as an amendment, instead
of that drawn up by the Committee,
He began by denying, in strong
temiB, the justice of the aceusa- i
tions of personal ambition which
had been applied by the supporters
of the Govenmicut to the raeni«
hers of the Opposition ; and ex-
phiiiied the circmnstances under
which he bad declined to support
the Address of tlie majority of the \
Commiasion ; and tho motive*
which induced him t'i propeso a
separate one. He then entered
into the whole question at iaaue^ J

k.

272]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Simk.

and re"ncw(Kl the policy of the
Goveniment, of which he disap-
proved. He alluded to the almost
isolated state of the Spanish na-
tion with regard to the great
foreign Powers — England and
France being the only ones with
which an intercourse was kept up.
He demonstrated the necessity
that existed for renewing those
relations before any decision was
come to respecting the marriage
of the Queen. This necessity ex-
isted equally for those Powers as
for Spain. Ho entered largely
into the question of the difference
with Rome in the following
terms : — ** If we may judge from
what we have read in the domes-
tic and foreign press, and from
public report, we may conclude
that the Government believed in
the successful issue of the nego-
tiations with Rome, in case they
were supported by French in-
fluence. That is to say, gentle-
men, that the French Govern-
ment should serve as mediator
between us, and should afford us
its protection. In my opinion it
was the very worst course that
could be followed. My firm, fixed,
and earnest belief is, that, on the
contrary, it is to England that we
should have recourse to obtain for
us the assistance of Austria in the
arrangement of such a question
with Rome. This may appear the
longer course, no doubt, but I
am convinced it is the safest. I
may be asked why I entertain
such an opinion. The reasons are
manifold, and are not unknown to
the Government. It is well known.
Gentlemen, that the friendly re-
lations which exist between the
powers do not always possess the
same value ; nor yet are they of
the same identical character, nor
equally cordial. I have no data

to go on to enable me to ieD tlie
nature of those which exist be-
tween Franco and the Court of
Rome ; but I have only to look it
history to know that the Court of
Rome has never regarded widi
indifference the liberties of tbe
Galilean Church. On the eon-
trary, I see the necessary inflaeoee
possessed by Austria — an inflaenoe
which cannot cease to exist ; and
my conclusion is, that if we hid
succeeded in securing the media-
tion of Austria, we might have ob-
tained all that Portugal has ob-
tained. With how little troaUe
Portugal has been enabled tore-
new her relations with the common
father of the faithful !

" For my part, I admit that I
had much suspicion, mingled mdi
fear, when it was determmed to
select France as our mediator with
Rome ; and these fears I have not
yet got rid of. The question is«
are the offers of service made by
France to the Spanish Govemment
sufficiently frank ? Are they sin-^
cere ? I fear they are not. Her
interests are not identified with
ours. I may be mistaken, but roj
firm belief is, that it is the interest
of France that we shall remain as
isolated as possible, until the great
events she desires be effected."

Senor Seijas afterwards entered
at length into the questions of
taxation and finance, and concluded
by calling on the Govemment to
apply instant relief to the burdens
which were pressing on the people.

M. Munez Maldonado opposed
the adoption of the amendment,
which was afterwards strongly sup-
ported by M. Fernandez de la Hoi,
who particularly condemned the
moderation evinced by the Go*
vemment in its negotiations with
Rome, and its violation of the con«
stitution in suppressing the trial of

HISTORY.

presa bj the jury.
ez replied, that if
>ti<itions pending with Eome
t yet been attended with
ired result, it was not the
the Government, which had
itself throughout the faith-
oder of the interests of tlio
and the privileges of the
*• It has becu asserted/'
•*tlvat the Queen was not
jed by the Pope, hut T de-
lat the relations between

0 Sovereigns are lnoE^t
, and that the Spanish
u Rome is highly re&pected,
ated as the Minister Pleiii-
iry of the Queen of Spain,
jcsty has even in her pos-
letters from His Holiness,
lis her * his most beloved
t/ The settlement of the

1 of the clergy alone pre-
?r formal recognition by the
$ee/* General Narvaez
Lhat, with regard to the
p qnefition, the Queen had
. expressed any desire on
»jeet» and that when Her
' should tit ink proper to
choice, the Ministers would
to inform the Cortes of her
on. Messrs, Gonzales Moro,
y, and Hftrtinez de la Hosa
rda respectively took part
liacussion. and the amend -
if M. Seijas Lozano was
?ly rejected by a majority

to 33. Ministerial mn-
J4.

disjcuBSton on the address,
cd upon by the majority of
imittee, conimenced on the
January, and was opened
ar Calderon Collantes {^a-
)» who addressed the Uouse
sitlon to its reception. He
2enBured the conduct of the
tuent. He declared that
arty of the press being an

LXXXVIIL

k

essential element in every eonsti-
tutional country^ the Government
was much to blame for having
usurped the legislative powers on
that most vital point ; at the pre-
sent moment particularly, whea
the country was without national]
representation, and the powers of I
the municipalities and provincial j
deputations conipletely destroyed.
The liberty of the press cannot '
exist without trial by jury ; and
that guarantee having been de-
stroyed, there wa^^ no security for
the free expression of thought. He
touched on the marriai^e ijuestion.
and said that biuec the days of
Kaniiro III,, the Cortes had been
alwavfl consulted on the marriage
of the Sovereigns of Spain.

The Minister of the Interior
(Senor Fidal), and the Minister of
State {Senor Martinez de la Rosa),
defended the Government against
the attacks which had been made
upon it, and were followed by
Senor Galiano, who spoke as a mem-
ber of the committee, and gave
some explanatious as to their eon-
duct in drawing up the address,.
Alluding to the Moderado party
being called the ** French party/*
he said it was no wonder that the
Moderados Imd attached tliem-^
selves to France, when so mueli .
hatreil had been excited against'
them in England, and when rc-
volnliona and pronoun cements were
made amid cries againyt France.
l\i allusion to the marriage (juea-
tiou, ho said that, as soon as a
choice was decided on, it would
be introduced to the notice of tlio
Chamber, and then the articles of
the contract wuuld be examined.
After some further remarks, be
entreated all parties to comlnne
fur the common welfare of tha
country, and to endeavour to obtain
permanent felicity and true libcrtv.

274]

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [Spak.

In the course of the discussion
which subsequently took place on
the separate paragraphs, Senor
Martinez de la Rosa entered into
the history of the negotiations with
the Holy See. Ho declared the
conduct of the Govcmment to hare
been consistent and honourable.
The Government was incapable of
employing means unworthy of the
Spanish nation in the course of
those negotiations. From the
commencement it had entirely
availed itself of the services of its
own agents, without having re-
course to foreign mediation. The
same course was followed at the
present as on former occasions.
A better line of conduct could not
bo pursued, and it was such as
had been desired by several Mem-
bers of the Chamber. The official
communications received from the
Papal Government spoke of the
Queen as "the Queen of Spain.*'
The presentations of the American
bishops, which were effected in the
customary manner, had been ap-
proved of. He asked, could the
negotiations be in a better condi-
tion ? Ho then alluded to the
restitution of the unsold national
property, and maintained that the
conduct followed by the Cabinet in
that respect was prudent and just.
The Government was determined
to support intact the interests
newly created, and would never at-
tempt to disturb what the laws had
already sanctioned. Ho referred
to the rescripts ; and concluded by
saying, that at the termination of
the negotiations the Government
would lay before tlie House docu-
ments which would fonn a com-
plete justification of its conduct.

During the debate on that para-
graph which related to finance,
Senor Salamanca rose and entered
into some explanations respecting

his personal position. He had, lie
said, joined the Opposition from
mere political motiyes. The Mi-
nister of the Interior had asserted
that he had made his fortime
during the civil war. This wu
not the case. He had acquired
the greatest part of it in England,
by his industry and the reputition
of morality which he had secured
to himself. He had likewise bid
dealings with the Spanish GoTers-
ment which had been equallj id-
vantageous to the Treasury and to
himself, and he had powerfully
contributed to raise the natienil
credit. He had lately engaged ia
a financial struggle with the BsdIl
of San Fernando, because his mUx-
ests were at variance with those
of that establishment { but the
latter being a commercial firm like
any other, he did not consider that
he was waging war against the
Government or the credit of the
State. As respected the tributary
system, M. Salamanca pronounced
it to be defective in theory and
practice. After a desultory discus-
sion between him and the Minister
of the Interior, M. Men, the Minister
of Finance, rose and declared that
no allusion had been made to M.
Salamanca in any of the speeches
delivered, since the opening of the
session, by him or any of his col-
leagues. Ho had said on the pre-
vious day, and he repeated, that^
he never inquired who was playing
for a rise or fall. Everybody had
a right to dispose of his capital as
he thought proper ; what he wished
was, that those operations should
be perfectly moral, and it was far
from being so to circulate reports,
knowing them to be unfounded, to
cause a rise or a depression in the
funds. Such expedients were in-
jurious to transactions ; for they
deterred the capitalists and citizens

I S T O R Y.

^75

their money in the
shook the public credit,
id then justified hie recent
Bt with the Bank of San
ido, and a&ked If it could
inula ted, us asserted bj M.
a&ca* to former contracts,

to cite the last that had
DDcluded, in January, 1844,
lid merely mention tliat tJie
unent gave 20,000,000 to
ntractor for an oilvance of
►.OOO.thus leaving to the latter
fof 7,500,000oD 20,000,000,
n, after drawing a parallel
m the former and present
aI ftttuation of the country,
f to the advantage of his
iatration, solemnly declared
Ince he had held office, his
^Bi^e, as well as that of his
;uc9, had invariably been to
e the revenues, to promote
elf are of the nation, and
fc their private interests to
leral interests of the country.
tate, he added, had derived
ODt advantages from its con-
I with the Bank of San Fer-

and, if the contract with
itabliahment was again to be
led» he should not an instant
e to sign it.

^ddress of the Congress of
^nras voted on the 29th of

iig«t the number of those who
etensions to he considered as
ates for the Quccn^s hand in
ge, was Don Enrique, the

Bon of Don Francisco de
the Queen's uncle, and eon-
tly first cousin of Ilcr Ma-

This Youn^ man was in the
lb navy, and it was generally
it that he was the most
able rival whom Count
Af the youngest brother of
bg of Naples and Christina
tieen Mother, and therefore

uncle of the Queen, had to fear in
the negotiations which were about
actively to commence for providing
a Royal consort. On the 5th of
January, some questions having
been put in the Cortes respecting
the marriage of the Queen, Gene-
ral Narvaez thus eipressed him-
aelf^— *' I have come to a very de-
licate question, that of her Ma*
jesty's marriage. Here, gentle-
men, I shall aay neither more nor
less than is necessary, considering
both the delicacy of the topic and
the respect due to the illuBtrious
person in question. Iler Majesty
has not jet expressed the desire to
contract a matrimonial alliance,
Ilcr Ministers have not deemed it
advisable to kindle such a feeling
in her heart. When it may please
her Majesty — when she shall her*!
self have named the person whom
she may wish to marry — and she
has not yet named one — hor Minis-
ters, acting as faithful knights and
men of honour, will come and in-
form the Cortes of it, as com-
manded by ihii Constitution;"
and afterwards on tho 26th of
January, the same subject having
been again brought forward in the
Chamber of Deputies, he said that
Ministers had resolved not to ex*
elude the pretensions of any prince
— not even though he should come ,
from the centre of Africa ; muc' _
less of any one connected with th^
Queen by ties of blood and amity.
But, in fact, the question of tho
marriage had never come before
the Government, as her Majesty
had not expressed any wish to con-
tract matriiiiony,

Don Enri<|ue about this time
published a manifesto to the Spanish
nation, in which he avowed him-
self a partisan of the Progresiali
or Liberal party, and thereby gar
great offence to the Government,

[T2]

• ,. -'-. .

. "-L . ^-n ■"'. i.iu z*ini

'.-h '.

t : -. If T-4^ u ■ rtiiii:'- ir-

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• . : :

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> l-H

• :-. • •v- : i.TH' Jiiv-L

.- /.

. - . :- -:_T:.-:..irr -' :;::— *=ii

yt-.

t-.. ;. - y.z ir-rrirl-

.•■.Jc : :

' :-• .'/•.''.■'. i: 'ri-zz.-..

A:;.

.J. V- y. ■-. -:rr VL* i::a-

i'-r -_'.-" >_1 EiGISTER, 1846. [V"

tfj General Xarvaez, and gare bim
iirchorit J to form a new Ministrj.
Vp u ihxd rime his late colleagues
"hhi not reriiirned their offices, vid
T^rfiHitl to Jo 30 voluntarily, pro.
:*«einz that thej were rcadj to
:-xrrj •:•& thi* Gov-emmcnt withont
rial : bat they were now deprived
:: i:5i.''^. Narvaez did not suc-
Tf-u'.f -••...' .-. •■ -•- -in'.*:--. c«h^i La f' rTnin;j a Ministry, and tLe
firiij 'l.'i .. .-. • : .-".-•. ri-^.-T-il *~7- M.*k wAs thoa contrded to General
^i^Ul•^ *ti '*•■ ak'..-:-- !- ::• iLz..^:..^ R-.-aoali. who was aUe at last to
f III f ion of .irf*ir-, 1: -"i- li rio: ■.:; bHa^ :•■ pother a Cabinet, of which,
!li<- l>rlrjk hi ti r-/i:: ::-. .»ir.j '.t Lvw-^T-.r. he did not Limsolf bi»-
llii' Willi t of h.'irn*oriy im::.::s: ::i come tL? LvaJ. The ncxv Ministir
niiMiihciM. If was no .^rorvt tlijc coasi?tod of the following mem-
tli'iii'inl N'.irviifz was not on l'>>1 here: — Man^uis de Miraflorcs, Fre-
(riiii-t Willi IiIh collrai^urr-i, and Ire- ?ident of the Council, and Minister
«|ii«Miii\ tli;sriit«Ml from the inca- for Forei^rn A tTairs ; General Ron-
iiiii«»i uliirli iliry approved; and at e;;ili. Minister of War ; S. Isturitz,
|.t;(. nil till* I I til of Ffhruary, a Ministorof the Interior ; S. Topcte,
K.i\(t1 iMdiiiaticf ajtpearrd in the Minister of Marine; S. do la Pcnay
i; I .Ml'. •.ijMiod by tho (iucen, Aguayo, Minister of Finance ; B.
w'n, S .uin.Minri'd luT acct^ptanco Arazola, Mini;iter of Justice.
,>i )•'. I, .i<;ii;i(ion. undrr the pre- General Xarvaez was at the saia<^
i.\» . ■'.''•, VI I ill It rnn thus, — time gazetted as Commander-it^'

\'^ "^.i '.i.r. \ at War and Chief of the army.
V . ■ . ,-*. i'-,^ \ iMuuil of Minis- On the IGth of Fehruary, e^'
, '\ • '.;»:••.•'. \\:\\\A Narvao.-:, planations took place both in tl -• ^

• ., .. .■ v., J..- ;.^ nu» that. Senate and the Congress, as to tht
, « .' .■ .■..'.' . ;;,'.! >t,r.o i»f eauses which had led to the Minis

.".^ " • v.-;** i'.i tlio tonal changes. In the Senati^**"*^'^
, . .. ■• : 'v.\ \\w General Serrano put questions rc^"*^!

^ . . . ■.: \ :., - spivtinjj the nomination of Genera-^-^^f

. X . ■. . ■ , •. ^ ...;\- Nanao- to the rank and dignity 0

».\r.*.:r..\TidLT-in-Chief of the army «r j

X ^ ■ V .-.; V v. Av..; dc:y.A!ulotl that the House ^\\3f^^^^^

y . V . V. .".. ;\i- ,\"U":ry should be informed as^^^

^ . 1- \:.: :::::o? which that office im-^""^

%> . ^ .«.; "v ]«..>.■.'. /-..: ::io political position

... V ••:.■- ^}\ ,:. ^; v":v;od.

V .- V" ; V-\-.i-.:.; of the Council rc-

> >\ :'.... ; >A .: that the title of

\ . , . -: ... .: cranieil to the

V . . ■.".:. ;, » A> moroly hono-
^ » ■ vv ■....: : . V. vvT? were at-

■ ' .• .\.r\ uu.Ivr extraor-

. - , .-^ : r.Tid ilicn

^ -,:':.; :■: 51 ranted

» < r. >-.'i-^iui Roval

countersigned hy the Mitiis-
^Var, and for which the hitter
sponsible to the Cortes.
eral Narvaez addressed the
ier, and ;^avc some details
ung the causes of his reaig-
. He 3aid, that in conse-
» of the reports which had
u circidatioii for so long a
-reports whic4i had heeu
up by the puhltc press, and
ea over and over agahi — of
dons in the Cabinet of which
t President, he had, after
reflection, arrived at the con-
, that the necessity had ar-
dr his retirement altogether
[Inisterial life. lie detailed
tcrviews with her Majeaty,
of his own disinterestedness,
love for his country, and his
nent to tho Throne and the
tution« He added that he
iidy to serve her Maje-ity in
opacity In which who might
ised to employ him.

Jlarqnis of Vilnma nien-
the fact of his having been
tr, as well as the unsnccessfnl
of his attempt to form a
ry. There were other cir-
iTiccs, w*hich he said he did
ak proper to speak pnblicly
anected with the same sab*
nd said his duty was to be
no matter what the deci;*ion

Majesty was, and content

f with saying ** Viva la
If

eral Roncali, Minister at
repeated the assertions of
irquis of Mrraflores respect-
fi nature of tho title con-
on Xarvaez ; and declared
ie Minister at War was the
responsible for any an tho-
ireafier conferred* in virtue
i olBce, on General Narvaez,
ri tkiii there was no occasion
erUtia any fears respecting

that office, from the known disci-
pline of the Spanish army-
General Serratio said that, not-
withstamling the assurances giren,
such an anthority as that conferred
ought not, iu any country where it
representative form of Government
was known and received, to be con-
fided to any individual. Such ex.
traonUuary powers^ cTen nnder
extraordinary circumstances, could
only be conferred with the consent
of the Cartes,

In the Congress the President
of the Council entered more fully
into es plan at ion, and gave an out-
line of the intended policy of his
Government. He began by allud-
ing to the expectation generally
entertumed that a programme of
its future political conduct would
be presented by t!ie Cabiuet, It
was his opinion that programmes
were but of little use. They gene-
rally fettered a Government, and
so many clreunistanees uf an un-
foreseen kind might happen, that-
it n tight often be found nccessarjl
to depart from them, lie should
therefore content himself with
slating briefly what the Govern-
ment intended to do respecting tho
raeaBures brought forward by hia
predecessors, Ue» in eommou with
his colleagues, agreed to adopt iho
electoral law of districts, sucli as it '
had been already presented and!
passed in the Chamber of the Con-
gress. They also accepted the
tributary system as to its basis,
reserving to themselves to intro-
duce such modifications as the situ-
ation of the country required. Tli©
estimates already presented by the
late Minister of Finance should le
again auhniitted to examination,
with the view of economizing, as
niueli as possible, the resources uf
the country ; and, if it were aUa
pf>sisiljle. uf alleviating the bunUus

tr.i

daring that the conduct of the

?re&ideot, M. Castrn y Omzco, in

onvening the Chamher, had been

con&titutioaal. This statement

iioned the greatest confusion.

[*€«uelft» after vainly atteinpt-

addrosd the House, was pre-

anng to leave It, wbtfn the Presi-

ent ordered him to he stopped,

rbia arrest increased the coafuaioHt

it was lonf^ before order was

estored* M. Ca»tro y Orozcoviri-

iited his conduct in convening

lie Chambers, and for ordering the

eH of M, rexueJn, A vote waa

fierwards taken, and the course

dopted by the President was ap-

' by a majority of 1 H to 41 .

Sxpla nations were then demanded

to the state of the Ministry. M.

He Mirafiores replied, that the

Dabinet was not aware of the exist-

nee of any circumstance calculated

endanger its stability. The

Jacen had neither directly nor in-

f directly intimated that she was

dinposed to withdraw her confi-

f deoce : had the slightest symptum

distrust Ix^en exhibited, the

Cinbtry would hare resigned on

lie instant. The discussion was

ken adjourned, but the Queen sent

her Ministers the same evening,

haTing expressed her dissatis-

ioQ at what had occurred in the

b amber, proposed to issue a de-

for its dissolution. To this

declared their opposition, and

[^mediately tendered their resig-

iktiona, which were accepted ;

the Queen nominated General

i^arraez (Duke of Valencia) Mi-

mter of War, and authorixed him

fonn a Cabinet. Next day the

Ministry was gazetted, and

ftisted of the followhig mcm-

-General Narvaez, President

of Council and Minister of War ;

b General Narvaex, Minister [ad in-

iierim) of Foreign Affairs ; Gene-

ral Don Juan de Pesuelaf Minister
of Marine and Colonies ; Don
Pedro Egana, Minister of Grace
and Justice ; Don Francisco de
Paula Orlando, Minister of Finance;
Don Javier de Burgos, Minister of
the Home Department,

Tbe character of the new Go-
vernment was at onco revealed hy
the immediate promulgation of two
Royal decrees, by tbe first of which
the sitting of tbe Cortes in the
present Session was suspended, and
by the other, rigorous rcstrictiims
were imposed upon the liberty of
tbe press. At the same time
Narvaex and his colleagues pub-
lished in the otEcial organ a mani-
festo of their future policy, from
which wo give a few extracts, aa
affording the best explanation of
tbe views and intentiions of the new
rulers of Spain.

** The periodical press, which
ought to he n school of morality, a
medium of instruction^ saving a few
houourabte exceptions, is no longer
but a Htrcam of scandnli and a fire-
brand thrown every day in tbe
midst of the defenceless population,
for the purpose of inflaming it, and
reducing it to ashes. Vain have
been the repeated attempts made
to apply a remedy for tbe purpose
of saving the press from the effects
of its own excesses ; following the
impulse it received from the first
momentum, now knowing no
hound.^, it has thrown itself into a
bottomless abyss, and when after
times of danger^ when it had ren-
dered itself useful as a means of
warfare, it was hoped that it would
contribute to the reorganization of
society ; the press not only doea
not abandon its aggresaive habits,
but, adopting a new course, it puts
itself at the disposal of bad pas-
si ons and private interests, leads
aatray the opinion of the multitude.

:i - tVf

l"V«

nNUAL register, 1846. 'MU

•.'•rmioeti i»y m- --nt otic moment's hesitation taken
. iii: .jjamai in)- ".pon themselves to face the dan-
■' •iniiion. • r _'TS of ?uch a state of things, for-
■ ivi? —..■n vmaLeiy ^nt «n transition, and ther
■ •'Tiiains iire rL';tdv t«) nppose the enemies of
. :\- T'?- 'iiier. -cinder ivhatover disiruise, ro
■ I'-*- • 'ir riiriit azainst them until they shall
i:ru-it_' i'.Miii !„■ vanquished. M restore the ba-
- - ,. -H iiMiKims . -.lice Detweenthc public authorities
- r .::::ll-s., 'mch iiaa )n.»on 'Icstroyed, and M
:!, -';h-'' ::i- ■ ■mcnt "u a i.iroad basis the peace
I- i 1 "ine ■; t!il' kiiiirdom. veneration for the
liiMne, iiiiii n'speet for the iofri-
iiifiiiir '.itiuus wiiifh theauinist .SuverciLTi
■.■.::L■^- -•■•.^ks TO |n-f*«en'c whole, for the
_i.irv :iiid imuuur uf Spanianh.
"!m' !iteiuions of the prescni
'•'I loiuet are sincere, and it explains
■■:i.'m eie.iriv. Secause It ieemstu
\:^\. ■ ^-1 ;»e patriot ie ami noble. Ai-
.:ii • A- Slid ^> loustitutional irovcm-
r ■:«.*ni, .'.iid s«*ein:r it dwindle awa^
■'lie iiands uf intricrue and cot-
!in ii'ii'.Mi. :iie t'abiuet seeks to ?aT^
'V .'''Mtderiiiir it more lutiral : ^
:- MTi'iiuui ^vr>r?hippcr of xH*^
:'i, "■"■••it.«, liio most ancient andpopi^- '
•-liiiiuon "f Spain, it inienJ- ^
"ill 'id !i in ike Tree excmsjO l^ ■^
.^^ , '-LTi'LTativt', and to keep it i^^

I' lit; ^(unaiiou ai the elevate*'^

!■ - .i:tii«»ii :• 'Uiiuiio bobl — theprc — ^

I HI - !K ■ ii^iiiei ^Mil nut suiter the en--^'

:ii-'»;t<i -tiiirts tif party to reach

' •■ ''•■■f!K'. A child uf its tiwn

..<i ".:■<:, ■ iL- ■ .lijinet eaunot upposc

;'i •'..-r!!!-. '.: viil re»]»ect, constidi-

■'Ml IU-. .Mti, :'inhemiore, it will

i""' vaii.Mi-iV vork :o put the last

» - amp I -laoiliiy to intereffts

i*"iieii iinier the -iiadow and

'.ii'ier rhf jintieetion «»f the law? :

:'i ui t •vjil. at the -same time, re-

:i- -ihmt *iu' >efitirarnts whieii histoij

mi nuiitiun have iriven to the

::' .ati'.iiiai eiiaracTor : and. by hav-

■ !• ^iir due respect for that which

'^vaniarcis iiave always venerated,

lUii which men will never cea*e to

iii- reverence, it will see that the regu-

I)

HISTORY.

[281

lar and snitable support of religion
(Catholic) and its ministers be a
truth. The Cabinet will adopt as
the basis of ita administration^
I inoralitT, economy, order, vigorous
^■pd rapid act Ion , and at the same
^Bme protection to oil lawful in-
terests. In future none of ibe^e
interests sliall apply in rain to tlio
Dyernnient. The moral interests
i be secured by tbe carrying on
immediately accomplishing the
organization already beguit of
the branches of public Bcrvice.
laterial interests will also not be
ift sight of, by daily satisfying that
ftU for improvement which i^ the
iliar characteristic of our times.
K% to the finances, a portion of
he public expcntlitnre wilK from
his moment, be as far reduced as
certain burdens will ho
' macfe lighter, and it will be en-
deavoured to reconcile the wants
of the service with the respect due
to eogagement^ of another nature,
^hich are a charge on the Treasury.
^he need which the new Uabiaet
"•* of glory, may serve as a war*
^jpntj that its promises will be fuU
^^f'^. In a abort time the Cabinet
^^•U, under its responsibility, give
* *troTig impulse to the object, the
®^^ement of which the varying
^^^ stormy course of irritating po-
litical discussions has prevented
^f ao many years ; and when, l>y
^^y measure, it shall out.^trip the
*^lljits of its constitutional powers,
submit its conduct to the
founding its defence upon
sity, and its excuse in it'^suc-
8uch are the views of the
maiatry, exposed frankly^ with
'«ir motives, their means of exe-
and their final object. To
ring them to a good end. without
throwing the country into lament-
able convulsions, Iler Majesty *s
present ad risers deem it proper to

strengthen the Goveninieiit, and

all their efforts tend to strengthen
it. Ke solved to oppose moral and
real anarchy, which rears its head
in all parts of the monarchy, Mi-
nisters will not shrink from salut
measures, however harsh they may
seem under sad circumstances.
No disorder, no attempt at creat-
ing disorder, shall go unpunisheth
I'ublic functionaries, whatever may
be their rank, who shall act con-
trary to the plans of the Cabinet,
who shall renew those fatal exam-
ples of weakness and concession
which have caused such prejudice
to the peace and prosperity of the
notion, shall forthwith be dismissed^
and if the cause requires it, severely
punished. On the contrary, honest,
laborious, and capable function-
arics, whatever may have been
their previous political opinions,
will always find in the Government
of Her Majesty unreserved protec-
tion and support. In order to in-
sure, in all respects, and imme-
diately* obedience to t\ie measures
which it has ripene*! in its mind, and
which Iler Majesty has approve<l,
the Cabinet relies upon a nimierous,
disciplined, and loyal army, on
the judgment and tried wisdom
of the nation, and the strength
which its noble undertaking,
as well founded for these reasons
as holy from its object, will afford.

** IhKK OK V ALEX II A,

The Minister of \ym\ Pre-
sident of tfie Coimcil.
*' Feduo Eg an a.

The Minister of Grace and
Justice.
** Franc rsro Orlando,

The Minister of Finances.
•* Juan de la Pezfela,

The Minister of Marine,
** Xavier r>E Brno OS,

The Minister of the Interior,
•* Madrid, March !R, 1846."

HISTORY.

[283

J«atice J and S, Ar-

Hiiiister uf Marine,
\b Ministry gave promiae of
^ stability than its predcces-
ftod reirmiuod in office lUiring
let of the period emWaced in
hesent volume. Nnrvacz not
ceased to be in power, but
bliged forthwith to quit tho
ry. To soften his disgrace,
r» offered the poat of Ambas-
Extraordinarj at the Court
^ples, which, however, he re-

to accept, and retired into
ic to watch the coarse of

out this time an insurrection
erioua character broke out in
Irovincc of Gaheia, and re-
wnary juntaa were formed at
f Vigo, Santiago, Pentevedra,
ther places, to direct the ope-
iB of the rebeJs. They were
I by the second battalion of
ifantry regiment at Camera,
by tlie provincial corps at
|il» Zamora. Segovia, and
t, The military leaders were
idlers Solh and Rubin de
; but the former was defeated
engagement with the Queen's
B» and General Toneha, on
3rd of April, gained a decisive
ry over the insurgents under
idler Rubin at Santiago. Gc-
Villalonga touk Lugo by
1 on the 27th ; and tlic other
I which had revolted im-
It^ly yieliled, and tiinetecn
rti including 8oUs, were shot
imnna. Brigadier Rubin and
jrincipal members of the re-
tonary juntas succeeded in
pg their escape out of Spain.
Dnsequence of the success of
perations* General Concha was
with elevated to the rank of
tenant General of the national

m more engrossing topic of

It m more

interest now arrested the attention
not only of Spain, bat the other
great powers of Europe. It was
necessary to come to a final decision
respecting the marriage of th^
Queen ; and the course taken by
events renderefl what ought to
have been an occasion for the dis-
play of loyalty at home, and for
congratulations abroad, a dark and
lib omened passage in the history
of the Spanish nation. Wo have
mentioned that Count Trapani was,
at the close of last year, looked
upon ns the future King Consort
of Spain. His pretensions, how-
ever, were now opposed by Queen
Christina. The young Queen Isa-
bella was Bverae to the alliance,
and there was no popular feeling
in hi 3 favour. It, therefore, be-
came necessary to select some other
candidate ; and other considera-
tions than a regard to the personal
predilections of the Queen were
allowed to enter largely into the
question* The position which both
England and France professed to
assume was that of perfect neu-
tral ity. Bat the latter power in-
sisted upon one important proviso,
which was that the choice of the
Queen should be restricted to a
Prince of the IJouse of Eourhon.
In the words of M. Giiizot, in a
despatch to M. Casiniir Feroei,
dated June 23rd, 1842:—

" Our policy on this subject is
very simple. For the sake of the
general peace anil tho balance of
Europe, wc admit our French
Princes being put aside as candi-
dates for the hand of the Queen of
Spain. But, in return, wo can
admit as consort of the Queen no
Prince who docs not bokmg to the
House of Bourbon. That House
has many candidates to otfer, — the
Princes of Naples and of Lucca,
the sons of Don Carlos, or those of

■■ ■.

■•"I'.-il

■-■ ■■;;"

•r:iTn;»».

. .

r"t»-'!i-

'■ lii'i
■ •■•■■

..-■fV •

■.NM'.VL ilECHiTER, 1846. >»•

i:.i. "■ .._•«•■ "I- ujiSi of Philip v.. U'i fc!-

■ ■■ •r\'.\z .:ir :ai. •• Tr:**iiiiic suitor* ::c "J:^

: . .iV ».' ku»i r -^r •■^»'aeca of Sr«*ii, J u

■■•':-M •* •• ^-1 ; r nnoe of Lucca is rir-

• i. '1=*? ■: •••■i.

"*: i 7«:-*ii:oii of the Coua: ■ :'

'•^.Diia: • 'rnJered vcrTmifaT..c:.

•i- . s'. '. r tlie viulent exy-!*?-

:i r --«Ll:o opinion i^t\

-la : -^'i. r :ho fall of Gesenu

~'i'-* •■ z* : rho Infante Ii:n
■■■.ntf*" . ?'.uLi are subjetti^
— -.. ..•»rf-.-.;.-=5 : viz.. 1st, th*
.i .... - * - T, .i ^._. T ; . a ve taken ; -n«l
:*-'i- :it:ma4:;c- T::h the Radirtl
ir*-. .an --i^ v.nsequent acti-
i:;;" v-i rr.r.a they are n>
i;-;'.'i w ::,- \I'>ierate partT;
■!. :;'■ '!-x''i .»x the Queen
■•: •!•. liiii L -"lo voting Qaeen

'"■- -. .'..^ : r.n Carlos arc,

■••^ 'ir. a: .. -Oat. out of the

:■*■■: -?. n .oc^j^^juenceofihe

*■ ' -' - .•■• .i.-"! PTv-*itionofan

-■•• - -::■.. •: •■.■areiiuenco of

■••:.:. ■•-LrL-.*^ '-v the COD-

.:•» -:. : :he dispwi-

- •:..-:.. I :: :hvir own con-
= i; -irianee with

■ :. . t-T ri :uem ll^c

• :-.: .! r :!:'? liosccoA-
r- : :>'a:ion ^^
- ^ -i -::■ j'leen ^'\
■..■^ -r z-'.'joie vc^'y

'. ~ »■• :i»: Jii?e5, tl'*^

. !.. liiffiri. -.-."* of il»*

■ -T ■..•! ,,j,: f ihe il*^

"i»iin "'" jci Quor ^*

' j^.-"ai:*' i.rrrA»^aied. i^

- • •■* ^riof :'v;^, ^ivti ^

■•-... I, r?..- Prill*'*''
/• • '^'■--f r 7f*r.; till'/

H

T O

[285

Queen Isabella or the
tt jDanna Fernanda.
he Court of Lisbon is tlie

of these etfurta. Tiiia is
B from tlie tenor of private
p and of the Portuguese and
h jounmb,

is affirmed that Prlnee Loo-
f Coburg, who was to leave
I on the 24th February* for

Gibraltar* Algiers* Malta,
tftly, will proceed secretly
nlr to Madrid. This report
rohorateU hy many eircuni-
I.

fe have been, and wo shall
He to be, true to the po-
hicU we have adopted, and

engagements we have en-
nio, respecting the luonHnge

of Queen Isabella or of
, Fernanda,
lit if the existing state of

should eontinuCf or should
^ any further results, we
m placed obrnptly in a con-
ey, in which we sliall be —
, Subjected to the ahsohite
ity of preventing our policy
receiving, by the marriage
of the Queen or the Infantap
r to which we could not con-
3 submit.

p Released from all engage-
with respect to either mar-

Hiich would be the resultp in
(be marriage, either of the
, or of the Infanta, with
\ Leopold of Sasc Cohnrg,
th any other Prince not
ided from Philip V., should
e probable or iuiminent,
d that caie we should bo
^ from all engagement, and
► act immediately in eur own
ie> hy demanding the baud,
of the Queen or the Infanta,
9 Dtike de Montpensicr."
t pifisago which we have

marked in italics is the master-
key to all the intrigue and di-
plomatic ti'ickery which fallowed,
M. Guizot assumed that the
English Government was exert-
ing itself to bring forward as a
candidate a Prince of tlio House
of Saxe Cobur^ ; and seizing upon
that pretext, he held his (lovcrn-
ment absolved from all its previous
professions and engagement a, and
free to act exactly as was most
condneiv'o to the interests and ag-
grandizement of France, 15 ut the
fact was not at^ M, (iTiizot stated.
The British ( Jovciumunt did not fa-
vour the pretensions of any Pi luce>
and we believe it to he an entire
mistake to suppose tliat they inter-
fered in tlie slightest degree to ad
vanee tlie claims of Prince Leopold
of Saxe Cohurg.

The views and conduct of our
Government are explained in a
note addressed by Lord Palme rstou
to Lord Normanby, the Britisli
Ambassador at Paris, and dated
September 22, 1846:—

" What I understood to liavo
heen the ground taken liy Her
Majesty's late Government was,
that unless the (Jiieen of Spain
were likely to marry a French
Prince, to which the British Go-
vemnient would, upon political
grounds, have an uuqucstionable
right to object, the marriage of
the Queen of Spain was a Spanish
question, with which no foreign
Government was entitled to in-
terfere, so as to control (Jueeti
Isabel la *a choice, whether that
choice might fall upon a Bour-
bon or upon any other Prince,
That the British Government
would make no objection, there-
fore, to her selecting a descendant
of Phihp v., although it did not
join in endeavouring to impo^o
any such restriction tipon her ;

i.Gi-STEr.. i>4-:

■ ." .". ''V
L ••.!. i-D

: - . : »■;•).

1! .S!'.!-!l5

.- • " ♦•■.

ISTO

[28T

I only contingency arising
he Montpensier marriage,
could militate against the
aod intention of tbe treaty
ecbt, would be the case of
fine of that marriage be-
; entitled to the crowns of
fnxice and Spaint through
of Any nearer claimants.
night happen, if all thofie
)w stand between the Duke
ntpensier and the throne
nee, as well as their issue,
i» become extinct^ and if the
of Spain wore to die child-
f her issue were likewise to
ft eJrtinct. In auch an event
Sudan t of the Duke of Mont-
r and the Infanta of Sixain
become heir to both thrones.
ben the treaty of Utrecht
iki once come into ope rati on »
ffeetually prevent syeh an
of the two crowns ; and
&per time for discussing the
tm& of that treaty will be
the eontiagency has arisen
it was framed to meet,
robabilities are at present
eat against ita occurrence
ler it worth while to agitate
^tioD.

re ia no doubt, ho were r, that
0|>inion in Europe was out-
by the mode in which this
marriage was brought about.
iiiiiTersally believed that the
waa not a free agent in a
»o deeply involving her fu-
ippiness ; and that the bus-
Tovided for her was neither
|ect of her choice, nor hkely
eiliate or deserve her love
leem. That Freiich influence
tively at work odmits of no
, and in the ao.xiety to &*ecure
md of the Infanta for the
)f Montpensier, neither Louis
|BIiOT M, Guizot appears to
^bered the feelings of the

youthful Queen. Indeed it is to^]
obvious to require comment, that
the less chance there was of a
happy union between the SoTereign
and her cousin, the more likelihood 1
there was of the throne being even^
tually filled by the Duchess of
Montpensier or her offspring. But
we forbear to dwell on tills tho
darkest side of the picture.

The Count de Aiontemolin (the
eon of Don Carlos, in whose favouF
his father abdicated his claini to
the throne, as detailed in our last
volume) had for aorae time been
living at Bourges, in France, under
a kind of surveillance. But think-
ing that the Queen's marriage af-
forded a favourable opportunity for
once more appealing to the Sj)anish
nation, ho made his escape from
Bourges in the evening of the 14th
of September^ and succeeded in
reaching England soon afterwards.
At the same time he caused the fol-
lowing proclamation to be issued :^^

** Spaniards, — My dignity and
my sentiments render it my duty to
await tho result of events which I
see witheut astonishment about to
accomplish themselves in Spain j
I could hnve wi.-!ihcd to bold to what I
I announced to you in my mani-
festo of May 23, 1845. 'l then
made known my principles ; I told
you 1 had no othtT desire tl»an to
draw our country from the abyss
into which she is plunged, to bring
about a lasting reconcihation be-
tween all parties^ and to give you
the peace and happiness of which
you have so much need, and which
you so well merit. The result*--
have not responded to my efforts;'^
and your hopes have been deceived.

•• Your duty, and my word of
honour, impose on us new efforts
to fulfil our mission.

" Spaniards, the moment which

bad presented their
tlie House goon aftcr-
jmirned,

Jtjc do Montpetisier, accom-
1+y Ills brother, tbc Due
- da numerous suite ar-

I nd on tlie6tli of Sep-

orc rcecivcd oti
I lUt any expression
cling. It was geno-
in this country that
inateh was hateful to
, .. aatiou, but it must be
that the eon duet and dc-
t the people was rather
orence than disHke,
► ih greeted the French
but they met with no in-
oppusition ; and we think
lie Due de Montpensier might
nrcftfionably behove that the
•b nation aoqiiiesced in the
' vhich would unite more
T the two countries by means
I . e with the Infanta,

ated new had been
in this country of the rc-
%acc of the great body of the
; and the predictions which
confidently made, that the
f of the French Princes would
oapromised if the match were
ited in, were signally falsified
© result. It is not iinpro-
\ that the Spaniards may have
ft wide distinction between an
ipt on the part of France to
fere by force of arms in their
bd affaira, and to usurp the
rtiaient of their country, and
dont^ry consent of a Princess
0 Royal House to a marriage
i would tend to identify the
His of France and Spain*
the distinction was overloolted
igknd ; and the events which
Nied the overtlirow of Joseph
iparte at Madrid, and the
titruggle that ensued to expel
IDL. LXXXVIII.

the French from the Peninsula,
were thought to furnish an instruc-
tive parallel to the present junc-
ture. This was a great mistake,
and placed the subject in a false
point of view. The objection to
the marriage of the Queen's sister
with the Due de Montpensier was
not that it was hateful to the
Spanish people, and forced upon
them against their consent— not
that it was brought about by diplo-
mat ic trickery and deceit-^it vio-
lated a promise given to England —
it offered France a perilous tempta-
tion to intermeddle in the pohticB
of Spain, and involved the pos-
sibility of the union of the two
crowns which would be fatal to the
peace of Europe.

Both the marriages were solem-
nized at the same time otj the 10th
of October^ which was Queen
Isabella's birthday. The ceremony
began by the Prelate who offici-
ated asking the following ijues-
tions : —

'* Senora Donna Isabella J I. of
Dourbon^ Catholic Queen of Spain,
I demand of your Majesty, and of
your iJighueas, Serene Sir, Don
Francisco d*Assia Maria dc Bour-
bon, Infante of Spain, in case you
know of any impediments to this
present marriage, and why it could
not and ought not to he contracted
— that is to say, if there exists be-
tween your Majesty and High-
ness impedimeuts of consanguinity,
affinity, or spiritual relationship,
independently of those impediments
that have been dispensed with by
his Uoliness^ — if you have made
vows of chastity or religion^-and
finally, if there exist impedimeuts
of any other kind, that you forth-
with declare them. The same I
demand of all here prej^cnt. For
the second and third time I make

[U]

4

i

i

0

HISTORY.

[291

M tha same time an amneaty

^ubliabcd as to political of*

r». It applied to all such aa

Mtiallj been banished or had

proeeedhigs hanging over

; or had been sentenced. T he

r was limited, howcTer, among

Ittilitarj, to those holding

from that of Colonel down-

; among the civilians, to tho

of provinces and all other

of inferior rank ; and,

ate individiialai to those

\t been members of Re-

Jnntas, or filled the

of Political Chief, Intendant,

^ndant General » or those in

positions. Others not com-

in these classes were to bo

to the benefit of tho

ky after special consideration

di case. P^ollowera of Don

» were re<jiiired to take the

ffideUtT.

ftiber decree was also issued,
ihnitig pardon of offences, not
Id, committed, either in Spain
f colonies, prior to the date
I decree J but the \ht of ex-

( oases of crimes which were
lia?e the benefit of this par-
Is so numerous as practically
|der the decree almost in-
Sto. Not long fiftenvarci'5
brtes were dissolved, and a
\i election took place.
the end of November, tho
It Cabirict suddenly resigned,
Iter the interval of a few
i was again reinstated in
' The short facts were these :
0r Pacheco, who held the
I Fiscal to the Supreme Tri-
t>f Justice, and who was at
lad of the Cousen^ative op-
^, asked permission to absent
If for a short time from liis
I duties that he might su-
end his election as Deputy^
fci^ueit was refused by the

L

Ministry, upon which he tendered
bis resignation. This was accepted,
but the Queen refused to receive
it, and Senor Isturitz and his
colleagues resigned in a body on tho
29th of November. Next day the
Queen applied to the Mai^quis de
Viluma to form a Ministry, hut ho
was unable to succeed, and tho
consequence was that Senor Is-
turit^ was recalled— the resign a-»i
tion of Senor Pacheco waii ac
cop ted, and tho former Ministers '
resumed their places.

The now Session of the Cortea
was opened by tho Queen in person,
on tho last day of the year, when
Her Ifajesty delivered ihe following
Speech : —

'* Gmtlmnm^ Senators ^ <ind De-
puties,—

** Nothing causes me more lively
satisfaction than to find myself
again in tho midst of you, and
again to give myself over to^ the
hope that your loyalty and your
every etlVvrt will be consecrated to
cement the union of the Throne
with the institutions of the country^
and to continue the work of the
prosperity of Spain.

** I have contracted a marriage
with my august cousin, Don
Francisco d'Aasis Maria de Pom--
bon, agreeably to my intention
announced to tho preceding Cortes.
I trust that Heaven will bless this
uui^jn, and that you, also, gentle-
men, will unite your prayers with
mine to Aim i gh ty G o<l . The m a r-
riago of my beloved sister has also
taken place in the way which has
been already explained to tho
Cortes.

** In our relations with Foreign
Powers no chango has taken place
worthy of notice.

'* Domestic tranquillity, that
first need of nations, is strengthen-

l\J2]

TORY.

[^

ir 1847.
jinieliora-
■limits which it Iia3
»u xMrtku» I regrtft
lil tlie Tery re-
"i must after-
Its, do not
a I present
ok I dcslro-
Uj impossible
I arrive at aii
publie debt in
given by mo
low ever, an 1
Sre to satisfy the
state credi-
Ptio as foreigti,
Lich tuay appear
amving at this
to you at a

the law of the
M5, a loan af
;i3 {50,000,000/)
cited, deitined to
roods ; tlio works
omraonced on seyoral
bg parts of the Tsst
emal communieatton
OoTennnent proposes to

m the bndget other meo-
iMed by the public weal
■mod to yon.
tt and fitting endowment

for reli^ooB purposes and the
clergy is a positive imd urgent need,
as essential to the welfare of re-
ligion as it is for that of the State.
My Government will present yon
shortly with a law on this import-
ant matter.

« Besides these, other laws will
be proposed in the course of this
Session ; some with a view to pro-
tect the increase of wealth by curb-
ing the abuses which accompany
the first impulse of its develop-
ment, others with a view to intro-
duce ameliorations in the different
branches of the Administration; and
others, finally, vrith a view to re-
gulate the arrangements in force
relative to the press and to ex-
ceptional professions.

"It is thus, Gentlemen, Sena-
tors, and Deputies, with the aid of
Providence, and while the efforts
of all are directed with courage and
firmness in the pursuit of the same
aim, that the ameliorations intro-
duced in a political, economical,
and administrative point of view
will be consolidated, that fresh
ones will be introduced, and that,
after so much agitation, peace,
order, and prosperity will be re-
stored to this nation — blessings to
which her great qualities and her
many virtues give her so great a
claim."

ol]

HISTORY.

[295

a* relations with Foreign
I we preserved in perfect
ij, corresponding to the care
hich I have endeavoured to
oser the ties of friendship,
promote the clevelopment of
taal commercial interests,
e dispositions of the treaty
ner ce and navigatiun which
sly celehratod with Prussia,
>een extended in those
which were applicable to
ftter part of tlie States con-
g the Germanic League of

Ilouses,

€ODguIar convention has
Deluded with Spain » for the
on of the powers of the re-

r COU Bills.

e finnnesij with which I
used to be carried into etfeet
ree of the 1 0th of Decern--
►36, and the treaty wliich
Ilia kingdom with Great
in endeavotira to effect the
sion of the traffic of
have produced the hap-
sults.

0 good faith with which the
[nent has continued to dis-
it& liah ill ties, both at home
oad, is producing the most
tory Goii9e4]uenccs in all
» reference to the rc-eatah-
% and consolidation of publ tc

the budget for the ap-
og economical year» with
on will be present ed» in con-
with the fundamental law
Monarchy » you will learn
'e the charges and oblvga-
' the State in the said year,
\ means and resources from
llld ftUDO must be liqui-

od ftusured you will lend the
•riona attention to the ex-
lon of the Estimates, and the
B of law by which they will

bo accompanied, to the end that
the Government may be empowered
to proceed in the faithM discharge
of the dnties which are imposed on
it in this most important depart-
ment of the public administration*

" In determining the sea and
lorn! forces you wiJl keep in view
what tlio public safety and the
dignity of the nation require.

** Regarding the varioua hranchea
of Public Service which call for le
gislative mcaenres, my Jfiniateni"
will lay before you ftueh proposals
as may be deemed fitting, and ex*
perience recommend.

** I confide in the Chamhors af-
fording to my Government that
efficacious and enlightened co-ope-
raiioD, without which it is impos-
sible to reap the advantages of a
representative Government.

'*The Session ia opened.'*

Several distiu-baneeB occurred
m the early part of the year in
different parts of Portugal, but
they led to no result* On the 10th
of May, however, an inaurrectien
broke out of a more formidable
character, and attended by import-
ant consequences. It commencecb^
in the province of the Upper Minlio,
and the immediate cause was the
opposition of the peasantry to a
new health tax, including burial
fees recently imposed, and every*
thing odious to the people. In a
few days, the region of Alemtejo,
Beira Alta, the Troa os Montea,
and Cither places, were in anns
against the Castro Cabral Govern-
ment, and formed revolutionary
juntas, according to the mode al-
ways adopted in the Peninsula in
finch emergencies, Jose Cabral,
Minister of Justice, the brother of
Castro Cabral, was then at Oporto ;
but as lus life was unsafe, oiving to
the fury of the populace* he hastily
quitted that city for Lisbon, where

k

A

la to the pooplc were re-
, and popular officers ap-
a in their steaJ.
» FalmeUa Cabinet cotitiiiiicd
rer four mouths, when it was
Jy tllsmbsc*!. It had ex-
ited great diflioalty in effect-
loan wliich the necessities of
hment demanded, and on tlio
October the Duke do Pal^
as summoned to the palaee,
ed by the Queen whether
colleagues still found
_ uuftble to oLtaiii the
tbat was required. On his
tliat such was the case,
ajestj at once announced her
ination to change her Miui.s-
d as every thing appears to
n arraoged beforehand for
^dismissal, the requisite do-
j^ere produced, and signed at
|nc intenicw. The next day
hr Ministry was announced,
ks composed of the following

lent of the Council and

ffat€r of ^^^ar, Marqiua dc

ianha.

|rr of the Kingdom and (ad

fim) of Finances, Viscount
yeira.
I, J, J. Valente Farinho.
I and Colonies, B. Mauoelde
lugal e Castro*
p. Affairs, Viscount da Car-
i.

|9tigliout the rest of the year
fc(r raged in Portugal, and the
Coa.^rt himself assumed the
f Commander-in-Chief of the
j Oporto, Coimhra, Erora,
i Penafiel, and many other
1 ^riv in November, Imd
funcecl" against the Govcrn-
|ind wide- spread disaffection
I the utmost alami. At one

time it was feai*ed that the Queen
and Royal Family would he com-
pelled to abandon Lisbou, and seek
safety in England. Four regi-
ments under General Vinhaes
marched against Oporto, where
Count das Antas had assumed the
military command of tlie rebels
under the revolutionary ** Supreme
Junta of Government/' The other
principal leaders were Counts Louli
and Fornoa, and Viscount 8a da
Bandiera, who were, by a lloyal de-
cree, deprivetl of their titles und
rank. In the latter part of October,
the Queen's troops under Viscount
dc Setuhal, at Viana, and under
Baron Cazal, in Tras os Monies,
engaged and defeated the rebels*
But the conflicts that took place
between the Queen's troops and the
insurgents led to no decisive result,
and it is not our intention to give a
detail of the ohscure skirmishes
and unimportant actions that cha-
racterixed the feeble efforts on both
sides, One of the principal sue*
cesses gained over the rebels was
the defeat, on the 1 G th of November,
of a body of them amounting to
2000 men under the command of
S^ da Bandiera, by Baron Casal
and Viscount Vinhaes, near Chaves,
in the province of Minho* During
tho action two regiments deserted
from the enemy and joijied the
Queen's troops. The insurgents
lost a considerable number of men,
and Sa da Bandiera rapidly re-
treated upon Oporto, which con-
tinued until the end of the year,
to be the head-quarters of the
enemy. The strong fortress of
Valen^a in the Upper Minho, which
had been occupied by the rebels,
was wrested from them at the begin-
ning of December, auil Don
Antonio Pcreira, who had been ap-
point od Boyal Commissioner of the

k

898]

ANNUAL REGISTER. 1846. [Bdfbm.

5roTincefl of the Upper Minho and
'ras OB Monies, took possession of
it for the Queen. Das Antas shut
himself up in Santarem, where he
was closely besieged bj the Marquis
de Saldanha» who remained before
the town imtil the closo of the
year.

Early in December, the Duke
de Palmella hastily quitted Lisbon
at the mstigation (as was believed)
of the Queen, and went on board
one of the English men-of-war
which were then in the Tagus,
under the command of Admiral
Parker.

BELGIUM.— In April achange
of Ministry took place, and the new
Cabinet was composed of the fol-
lowing members : —
M. de Thcux, Minister of the In-
terior.
M. Deschamps, Minister of Fo-
reign Affairs.
M. Malon, Minister of Finance.
M. do Bavay, Minister of Public

Works.
General Prissc, Minister of War.
Baron d'Anethan, Minister of
Justice.

PAPAL STATES.— The most
important event that occurred
this year in Italy was the death of
Pope Gregory XVI., who ex-
pired on the Ist of June, at Rome.
His name, before he was elevated
to the triple Crown, was Mauro
Capellari, and he was bom at
Belluno in 1765. He was raised
by Leo XII., in 1825, to the dig-
nity of a Cardinal, and not long
afterwards he was placed at the
head of the Propaganda College.
He was elected Pope by the Col-
lege of Cardinals, in opposition to
Cardinal Pacca, the candidate
favoured by Austria, on the 2nd of

February, 1831, and assumed the
name of Gregory XVI.

Such an event would in foimer
times have engrossed the intereit
of Christendom, but now it luurdlT
excited attention in the polim
world ; so much has the tCTiponl
power of Papacy been dimimibsd,
and its mfluence upon the a&in of
other nations destroyed. Tke
candidates for the vacant tiin,
were — Cardinal Fransoni, aged
seventy-one ; Cardinal Castroccio
Castracane, sixty-seven ; Cardinal
Orioli, sixty-eight; Cardinal Micsrt,
seventy-one ; Cardinal Polidori,
sixty-eight ; and Cardinal Maate^
fifty-four. The election took pLaee
on the 1 6th of June, and thechoiee
fell upon the last, who was crowned
Pope on the 21st, and assumed the
title of Pius IX. His name was
John Maria Mastei Ferretti, and he
was bom at Simgaglia, in the
Roman States, on the I3Ui Qf May,
1 792. He was of a noble family,
and in early life served in the
army as one of the body-guard of
the then existing Pope, but, owing
(as it is said) to the death of a lady
to whom he was attached, he quitted
the profession of arms for the
church, and afterwards distingmshed
himself as a zealous missionary in
South America. He returned to
Italy, and in the year 1832 was
made Bishop of Imola ; and pro*
claimed Cardinal on the 14th of
December, 1840. He seems to be
a Pontiff of the most liberal and
enlightened views, and one of his
first acts was to publish a general
amnesty for political offences. The
preamble of this interesting and
important document speaks well for
the benevolence of the new occupant
of St. Peter's chair. It says,—

** In these days, when our heart
is moved to see pubho joy mani«

P<iya) Statts,]

HISTORY.

[299

feated at our being rikised to the
Pontificate, we cannot rcf ram from
a feeling of grief in thinking that
Ik certain number of families are
Itiiable to participate in the common
Joy» because they bear the pain of
fiome offencea committed by one of
tlieir members against society, and
inat the sacred rights of the
itimate Prince.**
The proclanvation of this amnesty
excited the most lively enthusiasm,
and processions and ill umi nations
took place at HomCt ivhere the mul*
tltnde seemed to he intoxicated with
joy, and these demonstrations were
not eon£ned to Eomo, but were
general throughout the Papal
States* Cardinal Gizzi was ap-
pointed by the Pope Secretary of
Stale, and co-operated with hearty
seal in the varioua refunns which
were projected. On the 2nd of J uly,
^a new commercial tnriif was pub*
^Hkbed, by which the import duties
^■%n many articles of consumption
were reduced. The conduct of
Pope Pius IX,, since his accession
I Uio Papal throne, seems to pro-
f m new cra» not only in Italy,
oughout the Roman Catholic
of Europe, for when the
baad of the Church adopts a liberal
oHcy, and evinces his desire to
dvanco with the age in which he
it will he impossible for
KOtry and despotism to liold the
intellect in the lending*
by which they have hitherto
oght to arrest the progress of
provement*

GREECE. -^On tho22udof Be*

last year. King Otho

tho new Session of the

Chambers with the folluw-

leech : —

** Msamtri th0 Representatives^

1 Aiuttiewrs the Senator s^^^

** On fleeing you around me, I feel

rejoiced and happy in having again
a solemn opportunity of expressing
to Greece, which we all love, and
which is here represented by her
Deputies, the sentiments which fill
luy heart and which direct my
actions*

** On opening, with the aid of
the Almighty, this second parlia-
raentary Session, I feel no doubt,
from the preceding one, tlmt you
will ho inspired with tho same
wisdom and the same love of
country.

** The first steps of a free Go-
vernment cannot be regulated in
one single day ; the accomplbh-
ment of this task requires, on your
pari and on mine, great efiorts, and
is a work of patience ; it may, how-
over, becorao easier, if we adhere
scrupulously to the conditions of
the Charter.

'* In the new career we have to
run we may meet with many ob-
stacles, but our mutual confidence
in one another will be able to over*
coDie til cm ; and I feel convinced
that you wiU unite your solicitude
and ardour to the zeal of my Go-
vernment for the interest of the
country. My relations with the
other Powers continue to he most
amicable, which 1 announce with
lively satisfaction. Greece has,
however, contracted towards some
of them private debts of gratitude,
as well as engagements, which she
will only be able to pay by regu-
lating her revenues, and by be-
coming economical in her ex-
peuses, and by encouraging agri-
culture, industry, commerce, and
trade i so that* by preparing for
the welfare of the future, she may,
at the same t'mie, be able to in-
crease her resources,

*' Imbued with these principles,
I have not hesitated to request the
Powers which guaranteed th<^ lop

2i»

'I
•111

li
v-

li

5

HISTORY.

[301

KQS A^iiit this mcTCil deT>t of
tantry.

jTe have great hopes for tho
^ on which we can rest our
riih confidence and courage,
t has a glorious name ; her
•efforts to regain the civiliKa-
rbich she formerlj gave tlio
rte of to other nations, au-
B her in not reckoning in
|p the support of every ge-
I soul. Divine Providence,
^^?er has abandoned ns,
H| prepares for us a happy
PKt UB endeavour to make
|f9s worthy of it by increasing
pal for the public weal, and
inking tho Almighty for his
ping goodness.

\ proclaim the opening of the
1 parliamentary Session.*^
long diRcussion took place
»lhe addresses to bo voted iu
IT to this Speech both in the
|e and Chamber of Repre-
iras, and they were not voted
bid of February. Both of
Hbro unfdvouralile to the
ii Ministry. The A « hires s of
enate contained the following

re are happy to learn, that
^lajesty continues to keep up
Ij relations with the other
pi. As regards the engage-
\ of the nation towards those
wn who have guarantcctl the

the Senate hopes that the
I of your Majesty, seconded
e wishes of the nation ^ wdl
ade the Powcrr^, the bene-
ra of Greece, to consent to a

in their demands ; eapecially
^ receipts ho regulated, the
ifoa dimtnishcd, agriculture,
^and commerce be encouraged,
It the Government may meet
Hgogcments of the natiun to-
l tho protecting Powers .

♦ 5JC ^- 3tJ

1

*' We desire abo, Sire, that the
new system of administration re-
cently adopted, should become more
adapted to the country » and become
stronger than the preceding one,
and become more useful to the
country in proportion to the Incrcaae
of expense which it requires. Wc
hope, also, to see tlie new system
of finances consolidated umler a
stricter inspection, tending, at tho
same time, to lighten the burden
of the people and increase the re-
veime of the State.

" Feeling deeply. Sire, the an-
cient glory that our country ac-
quired through enlightenment, a
glory to which we owe in a great
measure our political existence at
the present day, we shall busy our-
selves with the greater zeal with
the measures proposed to us, cspe-
cjally as we consider it neeessary
to adopt severe discipline in the
Gstablis!iment8 for public instruc-
tion at present in existence. Wc
shall be equally eager in taking
into considiration and fixing, ac-
cording to the wish of the nation,
as well as its religious wants, the
number of hishopricB, those great
schools of divine and moral wisdom.
They will second your Majesty and
the legislative bodies in reviving
that ancient glory of the Greek
church, of which we feel persuaded,
your Majesty will guard the sacred
deposit free from auy foreign in-
fluence, by watching at the same
time over all that attaches it to the
great church of Christ, and to every
other apostolical, orthodox church
ill the East, according to the spirit
of tho constitution,

■^i :*c r|f t 1*«

** We shall receive with pleasure.
Sire, any bill on tho control of the
taxes of the demi, which may be
conformable to the legitimate inde-
pendence of the dcmi, and to any

TTT

•*"??»

HISTORY.

[303

igin, biit Greece, hftying
sraelf wortlij of the great

the past, hopes to have
vw rights to the sympathies
iiYilized world. Nations
WD a noble enthusiasm for
ent birthplace of eiviliza-
[ the Hellenic people, who
certainty of thetr destiny,
javour to show themselves
f that glorious fate which
leased the Divine Provi-
I allot to them. May it
(e Almighty to direct both
neimd the Nation, and may
laed to accept the humblo
t those who, weak as they

place their confidence iu
oodness."
»u8ly to this a most ejirBr

Btatement had been made
chambers on the 18th of
f by the Minister of Fi-

Such an announcement in
pretending to have a re-
i government is, we beheve,
ft paralloL
tlemen, some days ago you

me to give you some ac-

the state of our finances ;
cused myself on the pica
g just taken office* I now
>wn to this House to tell

the Finance Department
omplete state of disorgani-
nd paralysis ; that no ac-
list cither as to the revenue
Jtpenditure, and that it will
ly impossible to furnish vou
y-thing in the shape of a
mdget. In conBcqucnce of
snesty and ineajvacity of the
mctionancs, the public ac-
,ro in a state of chaos. All
Provilegio and others have
I respecting every honest
ing been dismissed, and of
iation of the public money

and elsewhere, is perfectly
MiUlons ore duo to the

State ; and we do not know who
arc our debtors, as the revenue-
books have disappeared. This is the
financial statement I have to make! "
A long Scasioii followed, which
did not terminate till the 12th of
November, when the Chambers
were closed by commission. They
were reopened on the UHh by the
King in person, and His Majesty
delivered the following speech ; —

** Messieurs ths Eepresentathes

and Messieurs ih6 Senators, —

** Let us retimi thanks to the
Almighty, who has allowed you to
put an end, under His divine pro*
tec lion, to a long and laborious
Session. In assembling you to re-
sume your labours, I reckon still on
yoiur patriotism. Our sacred duty
is to perfect our financial laws*
^fy Ministers will submit txj you
fihortly the budget for next year.
The Constitution — that reciprocal
bond, and our guide — requires that
the Chambers, when voting the
budget for each year, should not
have to doUberato on expenses
already made, but on the expenses
to be made. So that my Govern-
ment will have no longer recourse
to a demand of provisional credits,
which impede the Public Service,
and place an obstacle in the way
of the Chambers in examining the
budget in an independent manner.
Full of confidence consequently in
your zeal and your enlightened
views, I reckon upon your efforts
to be able to attain this important
end.

** My Ministers will present to
your considerations several Billa, of
which you will appreciate the ne-
cessity*

**My relntions with the other
Powers continue to be friendly,

**Bc per&uadcd, gentlemen, of
the hvcly pleasure which I feel in

L

J.-.:. iM ■ I 'lie ntj
;■■'. .\F:.rr:arr.

"■ "Pj.' il.-s .aSIU^l

-'.Hid •.!.: ^!«'*poiunii

T" :-ica v .ion

. ...u iicn :Tiarfa«

LIS uuvpmt

.- ■■=' '.' ■ \Tt*t:tc«i
- ui I tiiow '
fiim'iinciuon.

;^''v-? '.'."5": id van
.'.irmiw. -Ti
-: .'-■ I'jbios

-.-•■'- ■• Jill
...• •'ULuiii.'ii n

■ • •..! "xcrnni

- ■'» -r 'I

lit* •!

• * :n.' irm;

^ .-i. -If :»t.-iUj

."^■■•luistd r.

WttooKytj

HISTORY.

[305

Of^nized in haste and badlyoriDecIi
mnde an attempt to rctaiD posses-
non of Podgor^c. The combat on
boib sides was obstinate and aim*
goisarj. After two successiYe at-
laeks the Austrian troopa obtained
possessioa of the town« tho insur-
gents taking refuge in Cracow.

In the mean time the forces of
the tbree Powers began to cone en-
Irate on Cracow, and the persons
who still remained in the city,
finding that further resistance was
hopeless, opened a communication
with General C'oHin on the subject
of surrendering Cracow ; but while
it wos going on, the Russian corps
tuoTed forward, and marched into
the town without striking a blow.
The city, however, was found to
Le nearly deserted, none rcmaiu-
. ing but old men and women and
^Bpliildren, the young and able having
^^■Dnc into Galieia. The three prin-
^^RTMd leaders, Colonels Gorzkows^ki,
^Hivodsicki, and Bnnski, after an in-
^^^rriew with the Prassian General,
^BDe Felden, laid down their arms on
^he 5th of March, and surrendered
M discretion. The insurgents de-
livered up to the Prussian General
in all 200 liorscs and 600 scythes,
l»ut not a single musket.
^m This ill-staiTcd attempt was
^Bieiied upon by the three Powers
^^M m pretext for destroying the se-
Biimle nationality of Cracow, and
m the mouth of Xovember the ful-
Wtng imperial proclamation au-
BOitnced to Europe that the last
thi4ow of Polish frooJom had

► We. Ferdinand of Este. by the

of God, Eniperor of Austria,

J of Bohemia and Hungary, ttc.

[IThe pe^tce of Vienna, uf the 11th

nf October, I80i), had separated

from our empire the city and ter-

.ritory of Cracow, and annexed it

[to the grand duchy of Warsaw ;

Vol. LXXXVm.

hutj subsequently to the events of
the war of 1812, the Russian arms
having reconquered them, our fa-
ther, the late Emperor Francis I,,
concluded with the allied Courts of
Prussia and Russia, on the 21st of
April and the 3rd of May, 1815,
a treaty, containing the following
stipulation: — * Cracow, with its
territory, will form in future a free
and independent city, under the
protection of the three Powers,
The express condition, and the
necessary supposition of the ar-
rangement, however, were, that
the free city should observe the
etrictcst neutrality — refuse all asy-
lum to refugees, subjects of the
three Powers- — ^aud deliver them
into the hands of the conipctent
authorities, A sad experience of
sixteen years, however, has de-
monstrated that Cracow has not
fulfilled the conditions of its inde-
nendcnt existence, and that, since
1830^ it has been the constant fo-
cus of intrigues against the three
protecting Powers, Finally, in the
month of Februaiy of tlic present
year, it became the theatre of more
vioieut and daugerons scenes than
ever. After the Government and
constitution had been overturned,
and when the fate of the city was
abandoned to a handful of con-
^pimtors, who had assumed the
name of Revolutionary Govern-
ment of PoUnd, and excited to
revolt against the existing author-
ities the inhabitants of all the
ancient provinces of Poland, an
armed horde invaded our domi-
nions from the territory of Cracow,
and it was necessary to replace it
under a provisional Government,
&ubje*:t to our military law, and
to have it occupied by the troops
of the protecting Powers, Those
events having precluded the pos-
sibility of restoring liberty and in-
IX]

HISTORY.

[307

B Graod Ducliy of tbo d\^{

low and in Galieia,
f prepuNiil, with the
iineruiiB afcoiiiplicea
; iuasmueh a2> tliiH
I took artu& at the
, commenced lios-
iblialicJ proelaiim-
Uted the |)eoplo to
lit ; masniuch as
E» the scat of a
, which afisumed
Revolutbnarj Go-
much as all those
ft?t* placed the city
a miserable state
rould have author-
CouHa of Austriii,
isaia to use all tlic
hy war J ijiasmueh
on alone, the tliree
ipose of a territory
tned a hostile atti-
jm ; hilt inasmuch
)f the three Povver.s
the city of Cracow
10 strougottt, inas-
thero I A f-o great
\{ force that law
tlied; iimsmueli as
ed to eommit any
S against that city
hut that the high
rs wish only to re-
am! peace in the
cow, and have no
iMi to protect the
Inst events wliieh
disturbed tlicir
nsmuch as by a
between the tliree
Srd of May, ItfLi.
cow, with its ter-
arcd a free, inde-
'ictly neutjal city,
iV the three high
los ; and ihiit the
^e wished to carry
\y this convention,
ting to Cracow in

L

le tlitterent treaties of the 3rd
of Hay, 1815, of which one was
concluded between 11 is Miijesty
the Kniperor of Anstna and tlio
Emperor of Russia, and the otber
of the same date, between the
Eni|)eror of Russia and ills Ma-
jesty the King of Prussia ; but
inasmueli as the existence of the
free city of Cracow, far from
responding to tlieir intentions,
has been a souice of disturbance,
whieli during twenty years has not
only menaced the peace and tlie
prosperity of that free city, and
the safety of the adjoining country,
but likewise tends to overthrow
the order of things established hy
the treaties of 1815 ; inasmuch
as numerous facta of this iifiture,
which are too generally known to
render it necessary to examine
them, have entirely changed in
ita essence the mode of existence
of the city of Cracow, and that
by proceedings contrary to trea-
ties Cracow has several times dis-
engaged itself from the duties im-
posed on it by strict neutrality,
that those proeeedinga have se-
veral timcL-i induced the armed in-
tervention of the tliree Towers,
and that all the changes efTected
in its eonstitiitiun to give more
force to its government have nut
prevented a repetition of those de-
plorable facts ; inasmuch as even
the forbearance manifested hy the
friendly ordinances of the three
Governments, in place of attain-
ing the object, have served but to
fortify the irrcconcilcable enemies
of order existing in their plans,
and that the free city of Cracow
is become the focus of a new and
vast conspiracy of which the rami-
fications embraced all the ancient
Polish provinces ; inasmuch as to
this culpable and disloyal enter-
prise was joined an armed attack,

[X2J

30(*

111 i

OV-

«n«i

tn
tl.

t:

I

jTyiTtD ^TATE^.'^I>iscmsi4}n in the Senate on the differcttt Froposhions
brought forward on the Oregon Question — Sji^trhes of Memrs. Han-
negan, Colquitt, {iiid Dijr—*EJect of the Queens Speech iq>on the
D^hateA m Con ffress^ Speeches of Messrs. Dayton^ Allan, and Cass —
Ji>int Rtisolution moved hi/ Mr, Colquitt — Speeches of Mr, Webster
4md Mr, Crittenden^ E^mlut ions passed bij the House of Ilepresenta'
twei for putting an end to the Joint Occupation of Orcfiou-^Sui/sti*

iUd Resolution moved in the Senote h\j Mr. Johnson and adopted-^ ^
Special Message hj the President to the Senate — Speeches of Mr*
Wftfttoodf Mr. Hannegan, and Mr. Calhonn, in the Senate, on the
Oregon t^et^tion—Eesohition moved in the Senate by Mr. Cloijton —
Speechei of Mr, Wehstee, General Cass, Mr. Benton, and Mr* Han-
ne^an — Resolution passed htj the Senate relative to the Notice to be
tfiven by the President — Amendments carried in the House of Hepr^
W^iitives — Conference betucen Committees of the ftvo Houses — Ites&^
Uiiion final! \j agreed to and adopted hj Congress— Ratified % the
President— Bill providing for Occupation of Oregon Territonj^^
Message from the President relatit'e to Differences tvilh Mexico —
Proclamation of War against ^fexieo ^-Amicable Ctnn promise on the
Oregon Question offered bg Lord Aberdeen — Accepted btj the Senate
(tnd President — Articles of the Oregon Treatg — New Tariff^ Bill —
Appointment of Mr, Bancroft as Minister to Great Britain.

T^T'E were correct in our cotifi-
JJ fiilcnt anticipation timt,
however serious might be the diffi-
culties in tlio way of nn amicfthlo
idjastment of our differeiiccs with
be American Govenmiciit, on the
ibject of the Oregon Territory,
ey wauld not involve the two
ttntnea in the calamity of nar,
hifl year has witnessed the pcace-
triumph of diplomncy ; and the
dark cloud wliieh iiimg over our
.relations with the United States
Jhia beeu entirely removed by n

judicious compromise of the quea*
tion at iBsue — promptly offered by
the English Govenmient on the
first practicable opportunity, and
as readily ncceptea by the Senate
and President of the United States.
In consequence of the happy ter»
mination of tlic dispute, (he dis-
cussions which took place on tlie
subject in the American CongreBs
hftvc lost much of their interest ;
but as the Oregon question was
the absorbing topic of debate
during the greater part of the

HISTORY/

[311

I him (Mr.
WHS not

.but was

character

urrcuJer of

rlhe way of

? He eon-

M. When the

ibo title as

he meant

^ iire«8 a etroni^

I c were

it>twith-

I iitfort to make

^ ibat tiierc was

►of '»nr right up

51th docfrce,

th<:^ only pa-

^r inch '*

lo con-

|( I St and

ilge of

i'olquitt ihvn

ilid exnnnnnim-n

Biled that thiTo

ing claims as

nd com prom i ISO

He fllluded to

80Tnc who were

vht, as hcing as

tinme disposition

lioolhoys. As a

CLnd a statesman^

in no 6 11 eh game as

t for giving the notice,

I prciinihle of the se*

litucky, hut not nlto-

fonn of his resolutioiu
if no one antieipated
\ additional re so hit ion »
time, in favonr of
and a speedy aettle-
llC controversy,
said that he differed in
both the senator from
Allen) and the senator
I wfl re ( M r. J * M , C 1 a j to n ) ,
first spoke on this eubject.

Each of them drchned to disensi
the matter of title, the former be-
cauHC it was too late, and the latter
because it was not yet time. In
hia view it was the very point
which most merited attention » and
upon which, both at home and
abroad, the "grossest misnpprehen-
Bions prevailed. He designed to
examine it» and sliould avonl, as
far as poj^sibie, addressing a single
word to passion or prejudice. Mr.
Dix then entered upon a minute his-
torical investigation, which showed
much industry and research. After
diijposing of the fjucetioii ef title,
he said that ho diotdd vote for the
notice, and also for a Bill to extend
our jurisdiction, hut excepting Bri-
tish stdjjccts from the same, and
providing for their surrender hy
OUT courts to the nearest British
authority. These were mea.sures
which he thought Great Britain
could not reasonably object to, for
she had led the wny in carrying
her laws there, in violation, a;^ he
thought, of the convention. As to
war, be did not apprehend it, and
thought, on tlie contrary* that the
good sense of the citizens of both
countries wouhl revolt at the idea
of a content from which neither
could derive any goml. If, how-
ever, from events not now foreaeeo^
a war should corae, he hoped they
woidd not he guilty of ilie gross
folly of underrating the strength
of our adversary, lie trusted and
believed that the whole ditFerence
woulil he amicably adjusted*

Air, Benton next addressed the
Senate. He begun by paying a
merited compliment to Jlr. Dix for
his luminous exposition of the title
which, he said, bad ho himself de-i
signed to discuss it, would have
been sufficient to deter liiro, as it
left nothing to be added. lie con-
curred with the President in all

rusn ANKI'AL REGISTEB, 1S46. IWtti 8uu.

hi- ariicm- niw: ull^ snbiert. end
i-nr. i fjiT^TL rnns^iiicratkui of it.
!•-. wii> jui:isni\ tHA- iircai Britain
iiii ?i ^irn It raxnpiaiu. In
T^'siM'.- I. ui: one- o: tht- Presi-
i»i»r. : riTmrrnu3!«t . i: bad hiB
pp-^^iA p^a:^l:rr^m^ . and Ik- be-
'i»..'M\ u\:\ I. iiAi iiati ik imnd
^-ri*: i» :. a a.-ysix anti abroad.

r- i-.u Ir-.iA:: ,>i. tbt upon- of
;:s: .:iAv.^^-- ji»:4!".vv.aiHi a! hamr
: -iiii i J- -ti -.htv: h^ siiowinp:
O'J* ^*'.■ V:: i;:d- tji- novcTumcnT
^■.'•^ VT-.'"!u •*•.*. r r.iakT ^*ai sacrl-
i'..-.»- ;. vr**-.— »•. in'jii^ ; wi' arc

V-.

v \1

:.■.::*.

:.A'!'>v- :.

wha: ma v.

Il

1 r ■ .:

.■.:-^\

aj*. \i :

:u "»vit*rtion

i\'.

ii-l

•'.:-.i: ■';

>!iinV niattei^

r.:

u:n-

1*1 : :•.;:

- "il'IllTH.

. iiiiT no: a

rii

I-.**:! ^

: o-

;:*"m:»-i .

onihrapiiiir

T'^

■ :'">

s;iu. ii

;r!»»Ul-X.

r.nii domain

r'.i

i-'ilTl.

:.'• a.

krii^lon

li: con-

v\

1— :'i"

:i.;-^

v;.; TH:

Vri^hiiMii,

K

'tl. 11

V Hi,:

!»t r.ai".

i«fi:»rH'i; and

V i

:i..; 1

!•: i:;iu

-■.'•i;>fi.

Tlu i:\Uil

!"■

r^iT '

iiv^ l:i»

I. :v»njiii«

U\*i\ V;i> ill

Ti*-. •.•.»:"«. 'iiTiiii.. \'\ V r.i:-i. ;iif\ ipi
tilt- r»r-.::M n. .in'Vt- . .iin". :i;i>ror.vi^n-
Ti-.'i. li'. iiud i«i»7» 'MS: uiniits! •• snii*
1 u rv tlu". iii '.•! I V . ^V 1 1 OH 1 V , . .^ ^- 1»*^.
! vs: • ''vd ; . ■ r "ii •. •": - r i irl i : j^ i b t -rt^ . nf: or
t'lC vu*-. :i vt;!- uJu.:Ttt^3 bv Lv«rd
(" u St J ».'?•*•;. irL and tij<' adaussicin
*ibyuld Lot W iiTCC'tton ibcre or
in On-ai JiritaiTi- that tbcv were
ihi; party who had a rigbt lo po?-
M>t^iuii while the title was dis-
cuHhtid. British law came in with
the convention, and ought to go
out with it ; for it was, as the
M'liator from New York (Mr. l)ix}
Haid, a ^reat abuse. For thirty
ycarrt they had n<fgotiated, and
niade no advance, but they had
now reaclu'd a pjifit where we
must act — act for tho prcBervn-
tion of iM'Mce. The (lovcrnnientrt
of tlie two countricM niUHt Beparnto
their p(U)ple. Kveii the patrinrchH

could Boft live thna* and ihitj owri
it to hnnuMty to more speedilj
in liie awtter. Tbe notice wu
not oii]r a peaeefol meafliire, bit
the first step in an indiBpennUe
series of measnrea for
]ioaec. The present lie'
as a most aospioons period ftr
settling the matter. The two
GoTemments were at peaee, aad
prood understanding prevailed be-
tween them. Ko eoHtsen had je(
necnrred between the parties it
possession, no blood had been shed,
no point of honour was innelfed,
and nothing had been dooe te
nrouiic angnr foeiing. He shonU
vote for the notice as an amiable
measure, for such he regarded itf
but pome what might oomCt be
should vdtr fur it.

Wiion the Royal Speech, d^
liveri*d at tbe opening of tbe
liritisb Parliament, arriTcd in
America, its alluaon to the qon*
linn at issue between the t«o
coniiTricf^ liecame immediate! j tbe
fsulijoct of criticism in Congresi.
I Ml tbe 2otb of February, in the
Senate, Mr. Dayton moved that
tbe further discussion of tbe sub-
icM'T l»o postponed for a fortnight
He did not think that any good
Ci'uld come from a discussion at
this time. The character of the
late intvlliirence bad impressed bin
as> Terr amicable, and it was proper
to moot it in the same spirit.
They could not, in a better man*
ner, meet that amicable disposition
than by showing that they were in
no hot baste.

Mr. Allan said : In regard to
the pacific news of which we had
heard so much men might well
ditfcr in opinion. He had seen
nothing in the language of Minis-
ters or in that of tbe press, which
afforded any evidence of a change
in tho designs of England. The

HISTORY.

[313

i Cabinet were too sagacious
mlosc their designs in ad-
; and if we were to gather
\mg from their declarations,
nld be the very reverse of

tliej profeased. But the
i Government hi*d hail the
lent's Message before tlicm
ro months, aud tbej knew
moasures were proposed by
There was no propriety in
ftlcing counsel from the move-

of Great Britnin ; and if
low postponed the subject,
lid show that they lacked
and heart for the work thej
mdertak en * T 1 1 i s su bj ee t
low bocomo connected with
tr of greater importance, their
al relations wtth other coim-

IIc alluded to the prc»ject
>narchjeal nfove rumen t, under
can ^larantee, for Meiico-

Bayton.^ — ^Thc senator from
may be right. The senti-
of the British Jlinistcrs aud
might not he a fair exponent

designs of the British Go-
©nt. If 80, he wished that

10 of the same dificretton
bo manifested here. He did
poposc a postponement with
to ahrink from the question,
llh ft view to more dchbcrate
, The ^Senate was not now
led to act, and the discussion
KJorae stale.

Casg made some remarks
view to justify his fonner in-
ts as to the position of the Bri-
Dvemment on this quest ion,
Ig in the Queen's Speech
'ftriiament showed any pacific

011 towards the United States*
tie reverse. He was asto-

at the assertion that the
Great Britain was

i

rien was disposed to sup*
iC iDOtion; but he agreed that

their right to give the notice was
indisputable.

Mr, Dayton afterwards withdrew
his motion to postpone.

Mr. Colquitt then brought for-
ward a motion, or ** joint rcsohi-
tion ** as it was called, the object
of which was to express the sense
of the Senate, that the Oregon
question was a fit subject for nego-
tiation and compromise. The fol-
lowing were the resolutions pro-
posed by him : —

** That notice he given, in terms
of tlio treaty, for abrogating the
convention made between Great
Britain aud the United States on
the 2Uth of October, 1818, and
continued by the convention of
1827, immediately after the close
of the present Session of Congress,
unless the rresident, in bis discrC'
tion, shall consider it expedient to
defer it to a hitcr period.

** And he it further resolved,
tliat it is earnestly desired that the
long standing controversy respeet-j
ing limits in the Oregon territory
be speedily settled by negotiation
and eom])romise, in order to tran-
quillize t!ie public mind, and to pre-
serve the friendly relntious be-
tween the two countries."

This gave rise to a debate,
the course of which Mr, Webster^J
after alluding to tlie importance of
an expression of opinion on this
subject, by the Senate, in refer* |
eucc to the interests of the busi-
ness eommunity, which were snf-l
fering by the state of suspense,
inquired whether the senator from
Kentucky {Mr, Crittenden) had
determined to accept the proposi-
tion of the senator from Georgia
(Mr. Colquitt).

Mr. Crittenden had determined^
he said, to accejit the point alone; J
and he would accept the latter with j
some qualitication. Mr, Crittendetil

314] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [V^i^ BMi,

went on to saj, that vluUerer
might be the oceasiooAl popvlar
efferreflcence in that eoontrr, or
the ferrour of debates there, he
truflted that it would be foond that
the Senate would come to a wise
Olid temperate conclusion on this
subject. There was a great desire
that action should take place to-
day, in order that the result might
be traiismitted by the steamer, but
ho did not see its importance.

Mr. Webster then said that he
did not diifcr a hair's breadth in
o]iinion from the honourable
sonator from Kentucky as to the
propriety of the course that ho
]»ropuHod. IIo went on to say
tliiit tho cxcrciflo of tho treaty
TijiC^ii to give tlio notico was no
juMt oauHO of ofF(Mico, but tho cir-
(unniitAnooH attending it were to
bo ivumidorod. Tbo llouse accom-
jmiiiiul tho naked notico with a
]M-ojHwition qualifying it. Some
Hui'li j»rop()Hition had boon offered
hon». It H(»iMm>d to be tlio scnso
of tho Souftto that some qunlifica-
tioii oui^ht to ho adopted. It was
now di'sirablo thnt we should
know tho opinion of the Executive
iJovorninout U!» to tho otfoot and
Ufio i»t' thij* notioo. Tho l*ix»»ident
ilid not oxpoot war ; but how did
ho pr\»po.^o U} OHoapo it i The
quoMtiou inuHt ho jtottltHl, and, if
Ho» hv nojjotiiUion, Hut what was
to bo tho ba^iH of tho nogotiation i
Wlvat woio to bo tho torms ? All
that wo hoard from tho Govern-
inont waj»« that thoy claimiHl the
whoh^ of Oivgv>n or none. He
eouUl not undorstand tho jH^sition
of tho ilovorninont. It would not
trortt i\n' any thing loss than tho
whoK* of ihogon, but pn»poso no-
gotiation. Did thoy oxjHVt by
nog\Uiation to ^x^^^Usido Givat Bri-
tain to give u* tho whole of
On\gon i Ho wi^hwl »ucce*» to

the pnjeot. There seemed to be
a groas ineonaisteney in the po«-
tieas vi the GoTemment. If thej
did not intend to compromise, tlie
restdt often predicted by the
senator from Michigan must htp-
pen. Mr. Webster, in the conne
of his remarka, said that a majoritj
of tho Senate would vote for thi
two propoflitioDS of Mr. Colquitt

The result of the long protraeted
debates in the Ilouse of Rave-
sentatiTcs was, that it passed i&
February, by a majority of 163
to 54, the following resolution! for
putting an end to the joint oceopip
tion of Oregon.

" 1, Resolved by the House of
Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress as-
sembled, that the President of the
United States cause notice to be
given to the Government of Great
Britain, that the convention be-
tween the United States of America
and Great Britain, concerning the
territory of tho north-west coast
of America west of the Stony Moun-
tains, of the 6th of August, 1827,
signed at London, shall be annulled
and abrogated in twelve months
after giving said notice.

** 2. And be it further resolved,
that nothing herein contained is in-
tended to interfere with the right
and discretion of the proper author-
ities of the two contracting parties
to renew or pursue negotiations for
an amicable settlement of the con-
troversy respecting the Oregon
territory."

This resolution was sent up to
the Senate, where it gave rise to
another long discussion, which
lastoii until Uio 13th of April. In
the course of it, Mr. Revendy
Johnson moved the following reso*
lutton as a modification of that
tran^^niitted from the House of
Repreaentatives : —

td Stak$A

Wmiue

H " Whercfts, by tlio convention

r concluded the 20lh ilay of October,

1818, between the United States

tof America, and the Kin^f of the
United Kingdom of tJroat Britain
and Ireland^ for the period of ten
▼BAFB, and afterwards indefinitelj
K rrtended and eontimied in force by
P ft bother convention of the aaine
parties concluded the 6th dfiy of
August, in the year of onr Lord

»1827, it was atcreed that any
Country that may bo td aimed by
either party on the .north-west
const 01 America westward of the
Stony or Rocky Mountains, now

I commonly called tho Ore;?on terri-
tory, should, together with it.-* har-
bours, bays, and crocks, and the
narigAtion of all rivers within the
lame, be * free and open^ to the
teeeels, citizens, and suhjeets of
■ the two Powers, hut without pre-
f judicc to any elaim whieh either of
ihe parties might have to any part
of the said couutry ; and with this

I fart her provision, in the second
ftrticle of the saitl convention of the
6lh of August, 1827, that either
party might abrogate and annul
ftaid convention, on giving due
ttotice of twelve months to the
other contracting party :

»" And whereas it has now he-
eotne desirable that the respective
ctairos of the United States nnd
Great Britain shotild he flefiuitelj

I settled, nnd that said territory may
no longer than neeJ bo remain sub-
ject to the evU consequences of the
divided aHegiance <if its American
and BritiBh populatinni and of the
confusion atid conflict of natimial
jurisdictions, dangrrous to the
cherished peace and g<wd under-
dtlinding of the two conn tries :

••With a view^ theiefore, that
tho steps be taken for the abroga-
tino of the said convention of the
6th of August J 1827, in tho mode

histoKy

lz\b

prescribed In its second article, and
that the attention of the Govern-
ment a of both countries may be the
more earnestly and immediately
directed to renewed clForts for the
atnicable settlement of their differ-
ences and disputes in respect to the
a aid territory :

*' Ilesolved hy the Senate and
House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Con-
gress assembled, That the Presi-
dent of the United States be, and
hois hereby authorized, at bis dis-
cretion, to give to the British Go-
vernment the notice required by its
sai<l second article for the abroga-
tion of the said convention of the
Gth of August, 1827/*

This resolution was, after a sharp
debate, adopted hy tho Senate ;
tho votes being : — Yeas, 40 ;
Noes» 14 ; and it was then sent
hack to the House of Represent-
atives for its coneurrence.

On the 24th of March J a special
measngo was sent hy the President
to the Senate, in answer to a reso-
lution of that body addressed i^
him, and inquiring whether the
foreign relations of the United
States re*|nired at that time an
iiiercasQ of naval or military force.
The President stated in his mes-
sage, that in his opinion a wIm
precaution demanded such increase,
and he thus expressed himself on
the DregoTi question: — ■

*' A controversy respecting tho
Oregon territory now exists he-
tiveen the United States and Great
Britniu ; and while, as far as we
know, the relations of the latter
with all European nations arc of tho
moHit pacific character, she is mak-
ing unusual and extraordinarv ar-
maments an J warlike preparations,
naval and military, both at homo
and in her North American posses-
si ons^

I
I

I
I
I

i

1 «

I

..1

1 .Ml

HI

' StaUi.l

HISTORY.

[Sir

? our foreign relations from
bthontj of tlie Executive
iiuent — that spirit of faction
woulil break down great men
real measixres for the eleva-
{ Tory little men into great
t He jiistlfietl the patriotic
m of the President in the
ho had pursued. He tlis*
red of the reproduction in
jbate of a certain old speech
onel Benton, which had been
Jpd, but not improved. He
fj denonnced the practice^
, had become so notorious,
erying and carping against
eatj of Washington, for the
pent of the north-caat hontul-
Oid wondered why sonic one
1 thirty-nine senators voting
at treaty had not refuted
iM^tious tlainonra by which
bad been assailed. lie did
o me a familiar tciin) like
Pging of old psatms over dead
I ; that in this treaty we had
rverreached, and cheated, nod
tin try dishonoured. No, the
(ent| in adopting that treaty
ftl all hazards of this sort
io senAe of mudcnition, and
^e, and national Justice,
Wms the higher character of
Senate, Mr, Hey wood dc-
pd the eln morons spirit of
i which had characterized
Hussions in Congress iipun
ibject — which would urge the
{ent to h$ue hh mandate of
Cc again&t all the nations of
iTth, The great and patrio-
lestion which now presented
Fas, what shall we do for the
ly, and what is our position ?
t 12th of August, 1845. the
lent sIochI on the line of ^D"" ;
hred it ; it was refused. The
^ Government had otFered ar-
Oitf and that had been refused
) Executivo ; and if this were

with a view of shutting off all com-
promise, the Executive had, indeed,
incurred a fearful responsibility.
But the lino of 49° was not now
inadmisaible* Mr. Hey wood chal-
lenged any senator to show that
CA'^ 40' was mentioned in the Pre*
Bident*3 Message, No, Sir, if thei
line of 40° is proposed to him, he is
bound to accept it » a dilferent
policy would provoke certain diffier-
ences, a national dishonour and ir-
remediable war. The door of ne-
gotiations was still open. Mr.
11 ey wood had said so at the open-
ing of the Session ; he said so now,
lie was prepared for a compromii?o
at 40*^ without disputing about
inches- lie was prepared, then,
to go for the notice with a view to
the facilitating a pacifie adjust-
ment. Ho wanted no finesse in!
this matter ; he believed therar^
would be none ; that there was
none on the part of tlic Adminis-
tration, Our title, however '' clear
and nnqneslionable/' was not tm-
<iuestioned. It had been in dis-
pute for forty ycara. Forty years
ago, we had offered that line
as the honndary westward, as it
w^as eastward to the Kock}* Moun-
tain. The convention of 1818 had!
been approved by a vote of 3J
to 1, and yet in the opinion
gentlemen all hut the one maa
were traitors to their country.
This was the necessary conclusiou
from their opinions of the treaty.
The convention with Russia was
held with an especial design to
negotiate Great Britain to the con-
cession of the 40th degree ; and
in the very treaty with Russia, set-
ting the northern boundary of the
territory at 54° 40', which under
the Spanish claims shotdd have
been at the Gist degree, our ances-
ters had sanctioned a dismember-
ment of the union \ wo had been

k

1

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HISTORY.

819^^

fiiisli — some fiaying it was an
tcan quesiioD, others turning
f a qnestion of party poUlica
kreeidcnt -making among tlio
I. Jdr. Heywaod ileprpcated
^ of allowing the peoplo to
I share in the treaty-making
^ which waa reservt'tl by the
lotion exclusively for the
llive department of the Go-
lent. Thh waa southern de-
»y ; and if it were ** Panic
t* they might make the rootit

He denied that the people,
[led by faetionii and instractcd
ffiAgogues, had a right tain-
i tko Senate in tbo discharge
(public duties. If this wai
Iracy — as was held by some
f^it was thut demucracy that
\ at the root, hke the potato,
►tat the blossom ; it was going
|»rd. If it were» huwever, to
fmed as a national question,
I common ^viih the !^ en ate,
1 be fuund by the aide of hi:i
fy. But according to the

of the Baltimore Convention
y went by the terms of tbo
IfiUion for the " reanncxation
M^aa.^* and for the **reocew-
I of Oregon." The 49th
pi was the highest degree to
ji any American foot ever
in Oregon, The south would
^r that ; and if that was
lie faith" in going for the
pupation of Oregon/' let them

the moat of it. He waa in

fof the einiplc notice, but
not vote in favour of the
Hion of the llouse. lie also
Jed to the propotirtions cou-
^ in the resolutions of aome
pra in the Chamber, and had
^cular objection to the word
^wkht'' which accompanied
rcdotutions from the com-
I tin foreign relatioiia. He
lining to giYo tho President

k.

legi&lative aid if he required it;
but TF not, and he preferred to
manage it himself, ho would allow
lura to do BO, for he had a right to
do so if he pleased, under the
clanseB of the constitution. Hr.
Ueywood, after expounding hia
ohjectrons to the amendment of
Mr. Colquitt, recommeuding ne-
gotiations oud a compromit»e, ad-
vocated the adoption of the House
resolutions as covering an all-
sufficient ground., He wished no
interfei"ence or advice with tbo
duties of the Executive, untU the
caao should imperatively demand
it. He then ex tended hia thanks
to the Senate for their indulgence ;
and said that if he liad, perhaps,
wearied the Senate, his heart felt
lighter and hia conscience easy.
He deprecated the consequences
wliich would result fiom a rasli or
precipitate, or unwise, or irregular
action in any shape, and expressed
hii^ faith iu the cout rolling super-
vision of Providence.

Mr. Uannegan afterwards fa*
vonred the Senate witli the follow-
ing tirade ; —

** If the President did tlescrt the
d-i^ 10' ataudar<l, he would become
a traitor to his faith, and would
meet with an infamy so profound,
a ilamnatiou so deep, that the re-
surreet ion-trumpet would not wake
him I If the President was in the
position in which the senator from
North Carolina had placed him,
then had he spoken the words of
falsehood with the tongue of a
serpent, '^

Hi the course of the same dis-
cudi^Ioo Mr. Calhoun made a power-
ful speech of which the tone wa3
most pacitic. He began by an
examination of the expediency of
the notiee. From the recommend-
ations of the President, it was
thought^ at the beginning of tho

tited SfaUi.^

HISTORY.

C321

legotifttion sliould liavo been tried
St ; and when that Imd fii'ded,
aod finally failed, then and not till
then should Congi'ess hav« been
caUed upon. Great embarrBss-
ZDent had arisen from the extreme
pretensions and opinions pnt for-
ward by the Preaident in his in-
ftugural Address, and in hia Mcs-
" ^c of last December. But for
ftes«, notice would have been
Jea3, and perhaps would have
authorized by both Houses
rttbout mnch opposition , and re-
ived by England without dis-
Itislaction. But the rocommenda-
of the notice, coupled with
the President's repeated declara-
tions that he held our title to the
whole of the territory to be ** clear
and unquestionable," alamied the
country. Congress was not pre-
pared, and he did not think the
country was prepared to make the
President's opinion of a clear and
unquestionable right to the whole
territory an ultimatum. Did tho
President mean to adhere to that,
ewen to the extremity of war ? If
he should have knoiAii that,
er what has happened in years
the country was not Ukely to
ttain him. Did he mean to say
and afterwards recede from
I If so, why say it at all ? V^lien
Preside Dt declared that, in big
Igment. their title to the whole of
Oregon was *' clear and umjues-
tionable*'' did he mean to express
official or a mere personal opi-
^n? If the latter, it certainly
lad no place lu an official commu-
nication. If the former — if he in-
a solemn official opinion,
m which he wns resolved to act
lally — then it is a very ^ravo
ition how far he is justified,
thout new lights, or any change
circunistances, to place the
Ims of this country in this re-
"OL. LXXXVllL

spcct on other grounds than those
which they had stood on under his
predecessors, and with the concur-
rence of all branches of the Govern-
ment for BO many years ; for it is
not to he doubted that the United
States Goi'ernment baa admitted,
through a long series of years, that
England has rights in the north-
western parts of this Continent,
which are entitled to be respected.

** One who has observTd atten-
tively what has transpired here and
in England within the last three
months must, I think, perceive
that public oijimon iu both countriea
is coming to a conclusion that this
controversy ought to be settled,
and is not ygty diverse, in the one
country and the other, as to the
general basis of such settlement*
That basis is the offer made by the
United States to England in 1826,,
It appears to me that there is i
concurrence of arguments, of con-
siderations, in favour of regarding
the 49th parallel as the hne of de-
marcation» which both countries
might well respect. It has for
many years been the extent of our
claim. Wc have claimed up to
49 degrees, and no tiling beyond
it. We have offered to yield every- j
thing north of it. It is th©|
boundary between the two countrie^i
on this side of the Rocky Moun»|
tains, and has been since the pur- j
chase of Louisiana from France,

** The Government of the United!
States has never offered any lino
south of 4D degrees, (with the
navigation of the Columbia,) and it
never will. It behoves all con-
cerned to regard this as a scttleii
point. As to the navigation of the
Columbia, permanently or for a
term of years, that is all matter
for just, reasonable, and friendly
n egot i ft 1 1 0 u . B u 1 1 he 4 J1 th paralJ el
must be regarded as the general

122] i.NNU.LL REGISTER, 1M6. [ViiiudSm,.

'*• " 'uriMiirv. .na :(.>t o ■>»' ie- :o place himself aznonz those wLo

u- -i ; ri ir riv !ul* nirtiier marched np to the Ra«ian boon-

■■•••'■■'.. .- • u 'trues, ic'l 'iarv. Mr.* Com then took a cvr-

'i!!'tf. .:i'.i -;;ui'i', -J. iw iK'iirh- -jorr review of manj of the «p€€ches

'• :^ -^ii. .i iL"**.' n* air -ub- -iiat had been ma^ie. an*! devoted

■'■'- r "■' :iTv -;:i!;;iUn.Mi. "f he •JS'p^^L'ial attention to that of Mr.
;"'.n'i! -.i.-i^ -J :;»^'i;a i>. iii 'he •. aihoiin. He npbraidi?d the seaa-
^'. ';iv .' T'.^uiTioti. nav je :or from South Carolina for hanng
■ 1 'rii.i.'iu'M V • wp.-we »i \ mid. and ^aid in the Senate, that
■'.:•— ; i::;:v. ,i -.rar trith England would reqaire

■^ ^. ■- '-'-hionr. f :n>ra us -00, u( Jo men. every dollar
V . L.vi :.> -iru«> 'vo could raise, and that it would
•,• ■ :ui\i'i y^iv ".a.« f'.>r ten year*. If, said Mr.
■•■•••vT!i.n: luid ■ 'jLss. we could not drive England
-■ :: I- :iiiL viiicii nir '^f her colonial posse* sions on
*. .■•■ .\v*t »e 'liii continent in one quarter of

... -'■•[ . -IP- -he 'imo named, we should be
mwiirthy of our name and birth-
■ - ;>- .1 Lr"?*o*i 7Tu:u:, .lud, having done this, the
...... ; jrM-jic •>'*t ■•! the contest would be little

V i I'lmiri: 'ijt: :han predatory excursions upon

:..i:--ii TV- -ho ^iia. But it waa said that two

:-. '..;.-- rrv'iu nations, in this enlightened

- —^- '\ ii?'. ''siiid nut go to war. What

....; .-vr.ii •.T»'n.» :Tri> .rroat nations now doing

> n -a L'^'ata ? AVhat was France

. :::^* .ii Africa, and England in

.-•::.k ■ Human nature was much

::. -amo now that it was when we

- - "la.i \iT :^'.» wars — ^wc were not so

r:. _: sorter than our fathers as

■^" > - ' -'x-Tn ro think — the time hod

^ *• " :.: -':"o ^hou the Lion and the

■ ■' ■ '-• ''-nld lie down together. He

^ : — . ^•- ' .i. . -:■.■—..: :■■» ^ ilistinguished and

■ '■-~"^' aian of a past generation,

'"- - '> =.&■:- iT ^ik«.Hl up from a politi-

^ ^ "'"■.■ ' ■ '^* ^'-'X:> or of a quarter of ecnturr,

^ ■'- •■/ ■:'• >o .1 war. and believed that

*' "• - '''■' .*'."'•-"'■-' individual I Mr. Gallatin)

• ' ■' ' ■■ *'^''-. i :-. .iamp the zeal of his

' .^^ *■- * '' ' ■*•""'■':•'. ::i rho Li.st war.

■•''''■'.' ' ■■ -"-" following day Mr. Ben-

*^'"^^ '" : ■". •-■-'-o ..f tlio ooDimittee on mili-

'; ' ■ '^ •■ vi :;.rv ;:r;i':r<. spoko, taking the

*" ■' 'w.'^V.'V''' ^^ ^'' ^■•'-Hlorato side of the qiics-

'" V '. • "^ '5 'V!. : n. If^. said, the senator from

". "'v*^' ,". ':' '/'■' .'. ■*^'^^-':>-n .Mr. Cass) had promised

ui .'., ^A'i \t.^. V'j r^>-ordny that he would bo go-

. ^^ . ^ Mu. ,cu.cJ, ao .u;.mU^l vcrued by the fact of the estab^-

j Of non-establiAhmont, of tlio
of iD degrees by tlie treaty
recht. If it could be proved
^la Ime had been adopted, he
Ified to abandon hk present
toft. Mr. Benton said he was
>tis of fixings this point, and
1 that the character of the
te for sense and inteLiigeaee
1 be cheapened in the ojes of
wld by leaving it longer in
i, In the very first despatch
(r Minister at London, after
icquisition of Louisiana, Mr.
Ion being then Seeretarj of
t to Mr. Jetferson, it was as-
I as certain that the line of
Bgrees was the established
lary, but, ignorant of the
rularSt our Minister was di-
1 to examine what had been

by the comniissionera ap-
td to run this line, (Here
(en ton read numerous extracts
ft volume of the State Papers.
earing upon this pointy and
iHg that ttie 49th parallel was
Ine of the treaty referred to,
hat Mr. Jefferson had earn-

pressed its final adoption,
lug it a great object to secure
boundary as ngainst Great
in.) lie claimed now that
enator frem Michigan should
m his pledge by reversing his
Ml. This pledge had been
fin a speech made after three
bs' deliberation, well studied,
ilmoat committed to hearts a
h on the darling side of the
Ion, and well mi.xed with other
I calculated to inflame the
ry. This, then, was the con-
i into which he had brought
Hi — Ulysses was caught in
oils. The Agamemnon him-
^aa a pnsoner upon the 49th
Icl, and (looking on each sido
leasrs. Allen and Hannegan)
Ajaxcs and AchillcSi great

L

and smsMf must share hiB fate.
His great speech now disappears,
and with it ho and they. There
is no longer occasion for warlike
preparations. The inaction of the
committee upon the 30,000.000
dollars of mihtary estimates is now
proved to have been, if not mas-
terly, at least lucky. War was no
longer inevitable, hut clearly evit-
ftble — peace, peace, is now inevit-
able— there is no way to avoid
it. In conclusion, Mr. Benton
said he was an adherent of this
Administration, and, as soon as
he knew the position of the
President, meant to sustain him,
if in his conscience and judg-
ment he could; but he would neither
put himself before him, nor at-
tempt to lead him.

Mr. Hannegan then rose and de-
livered a short hut severe philippic
against Mr. Benton. He (Mr.
Hannegan) would not have spoken
at all but for the unkind allusion
to himself. For thirty years he
had looked up to the senator from
Missouri, and from him he had
learnt his principles about Oregon
—he learnt them from the sneccL
of that senator upon the Asnbur-
ton treaty, in which he denounced,
with a bitterness not yet assuaged,
the negotiator and all who voted
for it. The senator from Missouri
was the Gamaliel at whoso feet he
had sat to lie taught, but he could
not unlearn him. In this contest,
said Mr, Hannegan, I am not even
Ajax, but an humble, private
soldier ; and far rather would I he
such than one (looking towards
Mr. Benton) who holds himself so
high that he hardly deigns to ob-
serve those beneath him — who
carries himself so loftQy that the
very earth he treads seems to him
too mean for liis footstep, and one
who is BO greedy for fame that he

[Y2j

i

i

I

i States,]

HISTORY.

[325

Mr, 1818, between the United
I of America and the King
I Uuitctl Kingdom of Great
i and Ireland, for the period
jrears^ and afterwards inde-
f extended and continued in
rf another convention of the

Parties* eoncluded the Gth
August J in the yeur of our
[827, it was agreed that any
f that may bo ehiimed by

party on the north-west
)f America, westward of the

or Rocky Mountains, now
)ia\j called the Oregon ter-

anould» together with its
its, bays, and creeks, and
^vigation of all rivers within
me, bo * free and open ' to
toeU, citizcn3» and subjects
I two Powers» but without
ke to any claim wbieh either

parties might have to any
: tlic said eountiy ; and with
rthej* provision, in the second

of the anid convention of
\h of August, 1827, that

party might abrogate and
the said convention, on giv-
ties of twelve months to tiie
eon trac ting party ; — that it
w become desirable that the
live claims of the United

and Great Britaiu should be
Ifely settled, and that said
ry may no longer than need
mn ftubjeet to the evil cou-
ues of the divided allegiance
American and British popu-

and of the confusion and
t of national jurisdictions,
'ous to the cherished peace
w>d understanding of the two
ie»; and, therefore, that steps
en for the abrogation of the
ponvention of the 6tli of
t, 1827, in the mode pre-
I in its second article, and
lie attention of the Govern-
tf botli countries may be the

^

more earnestly and immediately
directed to renewed efforts for tliQij
amicable settlement of all their
differences and disputes iu respect
to the said territory.

** And be it further resolved,
that the President of the United
States be, and be is hereby author-
ized, at his discretion, to give to
the British Government the notice
required by ita said second article
for the abrogation of the said con-
vention of the t>tb of Augustt
1827."

When this resolution was sent
down to tbc House of Represent-
atives, two Amendtiients were
moved and carried, the object of
which was to render it of a less!
conciliatory nature, by omitting alii
allusion to *' an amicable settle- J
ment of the dispute," and making]
it imperative on the President toi
give the notice. The resolution |
as amended by the Lower House j
corresponded with that of the
Senate, as far as the words ** in
the mode prescribed in its second
article/* and then proceeded, '*and
that the attention of the GoYeni-
ment may be the more earnestly
directed to the importance of a
speedy adjustment of all their dif-
ferences and disputes in roi^pect to
the said territory*

'* 2, And be it further re-
solved, that the Fresidcut of the
United States be authorized and
requested to give to the British
Government the notice required
by its said second article for the
abrogation of the said convention
of the Gthof Angu.m, 1827/*

The Senate refused to concur
m the resolution thus amended, by
a majority of 20 to 22, upon which
a Committee of conference was ap-
pointed by each of the two Houses,
consisting of three members of J
eacb : — Mr. Berryer, Mr. 11 ey^

.M] ANNUAL REGISTEK, 1846. [IMM£bKei.

i>i. Ill Mr. (J*^rwen. rq»re«£m&-
', tif .'^I'liiiii' ; :iuii Mr. lozv-
., Ml. t>\M-ii. :iiid Mr. llildwdv

ilniiti-iii lio)iiv»vntatirc9.

' ■ ii-^iiii \\a<» ilu4t cliuy agreed

■ u'tiiii ■-'• v:K'lirCf*JHH;livolIOUlieft

,..*:•- 'au 01 ilio re^olu*

:•**», . ■ las now lie-

.. ,.... ,ui- .10 rcspeciivo

•L >:utoii and

..•M.M4 •!. >ii. duitely

.^.t •■— '..•rviuay

- ■•laill 7UU-

..» "i liio

.. ....b . :iliuliai

. ..«.' :ii6

\« . I iitor-

..111 it'» —

... Ik 9ii.'|ia

^ . . ilio

...lU

w%^ A bohaI Tictorj g^ned bj
'Jie iioderase party orer their op*
p«>iwnLt«. and led immediately, u
viH be seen, to m final and satiB-
fiietory setilement of tho whole

Oa che 15th of April, a Bill pro-
vidlnz for the occupation of the
Oreiiron cerritory, paucd ihe Honse
of Rcpresentativea by a mejoritT
uf lu3 against 46. It was entitled
"A Bilfto Protect the RighU of
American Settlers in the territoiy

• '[ Orciron. until the termination of
' ric J I lint i.Vcupation of the lame."
Die tirst section enacted "That
;iie iiirisdiction of the Supreme

< ourt <it the territory of Iowa, and

* iie laws ot -iaid territory, so far as
:iiu <!aiue may be applicable, aa
' tiuv now I'xist. arc hereby extended
■ uT iill that portion of theterritorr

•I I he riiitud States which lies

\^u!»i <•! tho Ivouky Mountains ;and

ii:«o uvfr ail that portiun of the in-

•••iiiK^iiirtto «-ounirv t^ost of the

^li!•^uu^i rivi.'r, iiui "letween the

■til :i!id 4-ird nnrailei;^ nt north

icuutLo. rruvuled. 'hat r'uis act

-Mail MMi h\} cMHstniwl aor executed

I -iicii a iiiaimtT :i» :o •ioprivetbe

.:iii|i.H.'tb tit *Tn»at ijniain ■>! lay of

■ll' ".iiiis >uid •inv!iei;»»s secured

u' ivatv -iirncd n Liindon,

■uiiK-r J'*, ^i"*. inii xintinued

:.riv IV he rvaiv tt A'lirusto,

-'I*

•',\ :k' -h •! Uav. 'iie ?re*!-

m muMiii'tL'ti 'o .'•>n:rri»s a

• •. "K-M-i^r I ,'r»«ai cfiinh. u wtuch

,:■ 1^1 'm\^ iiu» uc- ii*r..»ry of

'^.i!...- ::•* l» ^l'-" »*^ >!SUi^ oi

. , . r99 t 'p" 'ainaiioii »r war

.■ !iin;:ll^l l"^ tlc

. . •.. .-.ri'-int'n .« :«.i:.:«ai :■/

Iter.

HISTORY.

At th0 conclusion of the Mes-
lage, the PreAident said, ** Tlie
niott onairgetic and prompt mea-
&, and the immediate op|>ear-
I in arms of a large and over*
powering force, are recommended
to Congre&a aa the most cci-tain
and efficient means of bringing the
exbting collision with Mexico to a
peedy and succcBsful termination.
**ln making these recoramenda-
Sons, I deem it proper to declare
hat it is mj anxious desire not
dy to terminate hostilities speedily,
but to bring all matters in dibpute
[Itetween this Government and
Mexico to an early and amicable
adjustment ; and in this view I
•hall be prepared to renew nego*
' kiations whenever Mexico shall be
dy to receive propositions or to
ike propositions of her own.'^
The formal proclamation of war
raa dated at Washington, the 13th
■ May, and was as follows :-^
•* Whereas, tlie Congress of the
Jnited States, by virtue of the
leonstitutional autlionty vested in
tbeiDy hare declared by their act

Iltearing date this day, that * by the
act of the Kepublie of Mexico, a
atate of war exists between tliat
Govenmient and tlie United
States:'
*• Now, therefore, I, James K.
Polk, President of the United
Btates of America, do hereby pro-
«hym to all whom it may concern,
and I do gpccially enjoin on all
persons holding QtHces, civil or
tnilitary, under the autliority of
the United i^tatos, that they he
vigilant and zealous in discharging

■the duties respectively incident
thereto. And I do, moreover, ex-
hort all the good people of the
United States, as they love their
country, aa they feel the wrongs
which have forced on them the last
resort of injured nations, and as

they consult the best means under
the blessing of Divine Providence
of abridging its calamities, that
they exert themselves in preserving
order, in prnmoting concord, in
maintaining the authority and the
efficacy of the laws, and in sup-
porting and invigorating all the
measures which may ho adopted by
the constituted authorities for at-
taining a speedy, a just, and an
honourable peace.

•' In teatiraony whereof, I have
hereunto set rny hand, and caused
the seal of the United States to he
affixed to those presents."

When official intelligence of the
resolution come to by the American
Legislature on the subject of Oregon
reached England, Lord Aberdeen
thought that a favourable oppor-
tunity had arrived for etifecting a
compromise ; and he lost no time
in transmitting to the British Mi-
nister, at Washington, a proposition
which he hoped would put an end
to the diiference between the two
countries. The event justified his
erpec tat ions ; for the offer made by
Lord Aberdeen was submitted by
the American Government to the
Senate, and approved of by them
by a large majority* The Presi-
dent immediately accepted the
terms, and the Oregon question
ceased from that time to be a cause
of quarrel. This happy termina-
tion of the dispute took place in
June, and Lord Aberdeen's pro-
posals were embodied in a treaty
consisting of the following ar-
ticles : —

**Art» L — ^From the point on
the 40th parallel of north hititnde,
where the boundary laid down in
existing treaties and conventions
between Great Britain and the
L'nited States terminates, the line
of boundary bet ween the territories of
Her Britannic Majesty and those of

I

3«8] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. lUmUedStau,.

t^ United States shall be continued of the Hudson's Bay Company,

westward along the said 49th pa- and of all British snbjects whoiu^

rallel of north, latitude to the mid- he already in the ocen^Nition <^

die of the channel which separates land or other property lawfully ae-

ihe continent from Vancouver's quired within the said temtory,

Island ; and thence southerly, shall be respected,

through the middle of the said *' Art. iV. — The farms, lands,

channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to and other property of erery de-

thc Pacific Ocean ; provided, how- scription, belonging to the Puget's

ever, that the navigation of the Sound Agricultural Company, on

whole of the said channel and the north side of the Columbia river,

straits south of the 49th parallel of shall be confirmed to the said

north latitude remain free and open Company. In case, however, the

to both parties. situation of those farms and lands

"Art. II. — From the point at should be considered by the United
which the 49th parallel of north States to be of public and politieal
latitude shall be found to intersect importance, and the United States
the great northern branch of the Government should signify a desire
Columbia river, the navigation of to obtain possession of the whole
the said branch shall be ftx^ and or any part thereof, the property
open to the Hudson's Bay Company, so required shall be transferred to
and to all British subjects trading the said Government at a proper
with the same, to the point valuation, to be aCTced upon be-
where the said branch meets the tween the parties. *
main stream of the Columbia, and In the month of July, a new
thence down the said main stream Tariff Bill gave rise to an animated
to the ocean, with free access into debate in both Houses. The ob-
and through the said river or ject of this Bill was to effect a con-
rivers ; it being understood, that siderable reduction in the import
all the usual portages along the duties upon all articles, except
line thus described shall in like such as may be classed under the
manner be free and open. head of luxuries. The following

** In navigating the said river or instances show the nature of the

rivers, British subjects, with their benefit conferred upon the im-

goods and produce, shall be treated porter.

on the same footing as citizens of per cent-

the United States ; it being, how- Bar or bolt iron reduced from 73 to 80

ever, always understood, that no- Nail or spike rods 99 30

thing in this article shaU be con- Cut or wrought-iron spikes ... 1^ 30

Btrued as preventing, or intended B2^^smiL**ha;nme«*''*and

to prevent, the Cjovemment of the sledces 52 30

United States from making any Iron oiains other than chain

regulations respecting the naviga- cables 101 30

tion of the said river or rivers, not ^^and^g^e^^n^^^ 81 30

inconsistent with the present treaty, gait _ ......... 76 20

"Art. III. — In the future ap- Velvets, cotton ......"...!....... 36 30

propriation of the territory south Carpeting, treble ingrain 73 30

of the 49th parallel of north lati- ^i ,u ^ '"^'°, VVV' ^ ^

tude as providedinthefirstarticle '''^::,:iZr'^t:^t:^

^t this treaty, the possessory rights padding 40 30

JMudlSMt$.]

HISTORY.

percent
CSoUify low flannds, bockingBy

andbeiiet 38 30

Slurtiiiff, ooitiiiff 6i csents. per

yM5r..TZ»:..... 05 30

CottoopiiBtiy or ciliooeif coit-

iBff 12 cents, the ranninff

jtud 60 25

MoMwelJjie de laine— cotton,

wonted, 24 inches wide,

costing 12 cents. 40 25

Glass .— pbin, moulded, or

pressed tumblers ..:....:.... 137 30
Gdiles and cordage, tarred ... 120 25

Unmanufiietured oemp 39 30

Goal 39 30

In the Senate the measure was
fdiementlj attacked by Mr.
Webeier* who is one of the most
prominent adyocates in America of
a system of protection, and strongly
q^osed to a reduction of duties

upon such articles as may hring
foreign produce into dangerous
competition with American in their
own markets, and was carried in
that House by the majority of a
single vote ; the numbers bemg : —
Ayes, 28; Noes, 27. In the
House of Representatiyes it passed
with less difficulty, and the num-
bers there were:— Ayes, 115;
Noes, 93. The measure was
finally adopted at the end of July,
but was not to come into operation
until the 1st of December. In
September Mr. Bancroft, weU
known as the author of a history
of the United States, was ap-
pointed American Minister to this
country, in the place of Mr. Eyerett.

880] ANNUAL RSGISTEa 1846. [IkMOm

CHAPTER XIII.

United States, canUnued.^^Mesioge of the President to Congrm—
Topics embraced therein — History of the quarrel between the United
States cmd Mexico — Hiitory of the Annexation of Texas to the States
of the Union — Causes which led to the declaration of war ofokut
Mexico — Narrative of the successes of the American army — Question
of letters of marque and reprisal issued by the Mexican Oovsmment —
Spanish privateers to be treated as pirates — Report of the SeereUsry cf
the Treasury — Proposed loan — New Tariff BUI — Question of Pro-
tection duties — Act for the ''better organization of the Treasury" —
Government of the Oregon territory — Report of the Secretary of the
Navy — Report of the Postmaster General. Mexico. — RetohUion and
overthrow of General Herrera — General Paredes becomes President of
the Republic — Refusal of the Mexican Government to receive the
American Minister — The latter demands his passport — War between
Mexico and the United States — Santa Anna — General Taylor ad^
varices against Matamoras — Battles of Pala Alto, and Resaca de la
Palnia—Matamoras evacuated by the Mexican troops under General
Arista — Blockade of the Mexican coast by the American fleet — Advance
of the American forces into the interior — Appearance of Santa Anna
in Mexico— Revolution and overthrow of General Paredes — Manifesto
by Santa Anna — Capture of the city of Monterey by the American
army under General Taylor — Surrender of Pampico. The Brazils. —
Opening of tlie Legislative Chambers , and Speech of the Emperor.
Rio de la Plata. — Despatch from M. Guizot detailing grounds for
English and French interference in the war against Monte Video —
Combined operations of English and French against General Rosas,
and gallant action in forcing tJie passage of the river Parana in No-
vember ISi^^ Continuance of the siege of Monte Video.

ON the 8tli of December the more interesting than usual, as it

President sent his annual Mes- gives a full account of the causes

sage to Congress. This document of quarrel between the American

exceeded in length any which had and Mexican Governments, and

been written by his predecessors, enters largely into a justification of

and they have hitherto enjoyed the the policy pursued by the United

reputation of being the most prolix States on the question of the an-

state-papers in the world. The nexation of Texas to the Federal

present Message is, however, rather Union. We have selected the most

Cnikd Siatcs,]

HISTORY,

[331

important i^cisaag^, and nmh as
we tkink aro most likely to
iaterest the attention of our
readers ; —

** Fellow CUtJsms of the Setutte
and of the Home of BefreHnt-
attte$^ —

''In resuming your laboura in tlio
service of the people, it is a subject
of congratulation that there has
been no period in our past hiatory
irhen all the el omenta of national
ppcwperity havo been so fully de-
yeloped. Since your last Session
no afflicting dispensation has viaited
our country, general good health
haa prevailed, nbundanco has
crowned the toil of the husband-
man, and labour in all its branchea
11 receiYing an ample reward, while
fdacation» science « and the arts are
pidly enlarging the means of

ial happiness* The progress of

country in her career of great*
not only in the vast extension

our territorial limits and the
pld increase of our population,
ut in reaouices and wealth, and in
the happy condition of our people,
is without example in the hii^tory
of nations.

••As the wisdom, strength, and
lieneficence of our free institutions

■ are unfolded, every day adds fre^^h
motives to contentment, and fresh
Incentives to patriotism*

••Our devout and sincere acknow-
ledgments are duo to the gracious
Giver of all good, for the number-
less blessings which our belovetl
eauatry enjoys.

*»It is a source of high aatiafac-
tioR to know that the relations of
the United States with all other
aations» with a single exception,
are of the most amicable character.
Hinoerely attached to the policy of
ptoe, early adopted and steadily
filtivedbjr this Goverament^ 1 have

I

anxiously desired to Cultivate and
cherish friendahip and commerce
with every foreign Power. The
spirit and habits of the American
people are favourable to the main-
tenance of such international har-
mony. In adhering to this wise
policy, a preliminary and para-
mouut duty obviously consists in
the protection of our national in*
te rests from encroachment or sacri-
fice, and our national honour from
reproach. Tiieso must be main*
ta i n ed at any ha zard . T h ey ad mi t
of no compromise or neglect, and
must he scrupulously and constantly
guarded. In their vigilant vindi-
cation, collision and corJict with
foreign Powers may sometunes be-
come unavoidable. Such has been
our scrupulous adherence to the
dictates of justice in all our foreign
intercourse, that, though steadily
and rapidly advancing in prosperity
and power, we have given no jnst
cause of complaint to any nation,
and have enjoyed the blessings of
peace for more than thirty years.
From a policy so sacred to hu-
manity, and BO salutary in its eflects
upon our political system, we should
never be induced voluntarily to
depart.

**Tho existing war with Mexico
was neither desired nor provoked
by the United States. On the
contrary* all honourable means
were resorted te to avert it. After
years of endurance of aggravated
and unredresaed wrongs on our
part, Mexico, in violation of solemn
treaty stipulations, and of every
principle of juatice recognised by
civiliaed nations, commenced hos-
tilities ; and thus, by her own act,
forced the war upon us. Long
before the advance of owr anny to
the left bank of tUc Rio Grande,
we had ample cause of war against
Mexico ; and had the United States

i

i

JTTTlx:! I3SffTI2L 1S*6. IC«W

Ir2* T-T-Si

■Bfi^iEX Meiko would

As=- £i«f-sir;^ "s "!» ^iiii! r-^izaflL f^ TBBcuBsc TH- -die laws whidi

wru. -ir zj£ iiH^?- c nr cgx3«:. tst^js^ tie nmnncn of cinlized

- "Le — j,^ TiLi-. ^ jiTo ■ 5& -ncTiirm. a_ luszT inMiieuuiBC with

2r?a. nxL Ar=:i2^ j2XD£r r^r «•£: matsi. aausr liie tmtr of

3 «^-*. in lis ikc±f!= -"II.:: 'iirtt- c zkr- Jm. a: .£jinL l^^I.wasean-
^i:. «-^2. -^ .aj-=- omr rL-sE. uuiti. tr-rwTsffl. -silt TWO mmUin,
i-- "^ri^iuz . -nr**"i- . :: lir issir' nr -na? ji*^ simil preyed to be

* ^sr-:-i- ,ii^ l^ci!-' j;^:^!'*^*!. Ha* Xtt*=^aj? "zbai coes into i

T zjKL >7Kiee : find ^u pio-

* >it3. ±r -sizkf insuBx of the

TKUrzn^ fnmrrftL frcm ICexieo
irr^^siri- i- tffnr ssik uf yean. So
-ar T^iSL fifiipnnip TisasnkaUe satif*
-airiiTi iiT iXki SIITVX& and hmlti
▼'- isp^i honiL. a r^^eaz ag^raration
•7 -iisat rnmshi^ 3Z: iLe fact, that
T-iiL: -uii TnneL Sums, anxioos
If ir~s^£r-^i a rM*c nxkdAwundiik^
T-:^ JLtiriiT.. 2A-«^* ivM'n cs:4is«amlT.
I. IT •xjii.y auui^-M in seeking
7=-£re*« lie iifcs: ▼rjnrs, ne*" oot-
n^--* -wsr* r-raaOfcr-ilT oecnning,
▼-rui isi-'-z rutrxnea 10 increase
.•r: .'-Li::.:-; id £*3ci^iaZni and to
f^ .1 UH Lzi'.-ir': cc C':^' demands.
'•Til-: li-. r:T_i-ji* cf ihe United
Sllt-:-? '»"£»rf v:*T:z-a^^z a lawful
:-.'=.iL'rri«T will Mrx5«) under the
r:sLrii.":€*r :•: a ireair c«f "amitr,
tir-iirr^:. ari lATiffsiion.'* many
t: TLtm Lltc fufered aU the in-
jur.*?* which would hare resulted
from oj-in war. This treaty, in*
frX'i-ad of aforJin^ protection to our
citizens, has \*<rcu the means of
inviting them into the ports of
^(ciico, that they might be, as they
have been in numeroos instances,
plundered of their property and de-
prived of their personal liberty if
they dared insist on their rights.
Hod the unlawful seizures of
American property, and the viola*

•»n** ^-jc^.w*^ ".. ni:rr£-:z iin
VI.-. ♦.-._ ui---r T*.r li. *-:.Lvr* a.

/.'r «•'>■-•• t;/ *:« . ? .' , IL -»^i . :' rr ir=**

1*/rtj.i *»'■•': _://»►:;/.■.•*%■ i I." *:Tii^5.

i/i^ii «/? huv; OTit^in co.'-'/.urire
jftfft/iA *A wjui*:r*jfit lawli.-^K acts
p«r/p«rl/4il<'«J iJf/yli th«; prop<,'rty and
IH'in^fUK ijf o*ir citizen «> by 3Iexico,
uud of wanton in>tultr: to our na-
tional fla^. 'J'hf; int'.'rjiObition of
our <iov«'f-n/n<rnt to obtain redress
wan again an«l a;(ain invoked, under
vrn'ttiuniitmu-^ which no nation
itiif/hl. to dinrc^^ard.
"it wan hoped thut thescoutragcs

UhUed States.]

HISTORY.

[333

tion of personal liberty of our
citizens, to say nothing of the in-
sults to our flag, which have oc-
curred in the ports of Mexico,
taken place on the high seaSi tliej
Tfould thcmaelres long since have
constituted a state of actual war
between the two countries, la bo
long suffering Mexico to violate her
most solemn treaty obligations,
plunder our citizens of their pro-
perty, and imprison their persons
without offering them any redress,
we have failed to perform one of
the first and highest duties which

» every Government owes to its
jritizens ; and the consequence has
]ieen, that many of them have been
reduced from a state of affluence to
bankniptey. The proud name of
American citizen, which ought to
protect all who bear it from insult
ad injury throughout the world,
; afforded no such protection to
citizens in Mexico, We had
Ittrople cause of war against Mexico
"ong before the breaking out of
Jliostilities. But even then xrc for-
i^Wre to take redress into our own
[Bands, until Mexico herself be-
came the aggressor by invading
our aoil in hostile array and shed-
ding the blood of our citizens.

•*Sueh are the grave causes of
eomplaiut on the part of the United
States against Mexico — causes
which existed long before the an-
nexation of Texas to the American
Union ; and yet, animated by the

I love of peace and a magiiaiumous
moderation, we did not adopt those
meaeurcs of redress which, under
inch circumstances, are the justified
jesort of injured nations.
" The annexation of Texas
to the United States consti-
tuted no just cause of offence to
Mexico* The pretext that it did
10 ia wholly inconsistent, and irre-
eoncilablo with well- authentic a ted

facts connected with the revolution
by which Texas became independent
of Mexico. That this may be the
more manifest, it may he proper to
advert to the causes and to the
history of the principal events of
that revolution.

Texas constituted a portion of
the ancient province of Louisiana,
ceded to the United States by
France in the ye^T 1803. In the
year 1819 the United States^ by
the Florida Treaty, ceded to Spain
all that part of Louisiana within
the present limits of Texas ; and
Mexico, by the revolution which
separated her from Spain» and
rendered her an independent nation,
succeeded to the rights of the
mother country over this territory.
In the year 182-4 Mexico esta-
blished a federal constitution, under
which the Mexican RepubUc was
composed of a number of sovereign
states, confederated together in a
federal union similar to our own.
Each of these states had its own
Executive, Legislature, and judi-
ciary, and f^^r all, except federal
purposes, was as independent of the
general Government, and that of
the other states, as is Pennsylvania
or Virginia under our constitution.
Texas and Coahuila united mid
formed one of these Mexican states.
The state constitution which they
adopted, and whicli was approved
by the Mexican confederacy, as-
serted that they were *rfrce and
independent of the other Mexican
united states, and of every other
power and dominion wiiatsoever ;'*
and proclaimed the great principle*
of human liberty, that **the so-
vereignty of the state resides ori-
ginally and essentially in the ge-
neral mass of the individuals who
compose it/* To the Government
imder this constitution, as well as
to that under the federal consti-

884] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [OMM AaM.

tation, the people of Tezaa
allegiance.

" Emigrants from foreign
tricHp including the United States,
wcro inrited by tbe colonisation
laws of the State and of the
Federal Government to settle in
Texas. Adyantageons terma were
offered to induce them to kare
th(*ir own conntrj, and become
Mexican citizens. This inritation
was Acccptod by many of our citi-
sons, in the fuU faith that in their
now home they would be goremed
!)y lawn enacted by representatires
eloetod by themsoWes, and that
thoir lives, liberty and property
would bo protected by constita-
tioiiul guarantees similar to those
whirh rxistod in the republic they
hnd loft. Under a Government
thus (irganixod they continued until
tlio year 1 8.1/), when a military re-
V(tlutioii broke out in tho city of
Mrxioo. which entirely subverted
tho Tedornl and State constitu-
tioiiN, and ])Iaced a military dic-
tator ut tho head of tho gorcm-
mcut.

•• Hy a swooning decree of a
CuiigroHH Hub:«orv\out to tho will of
tho diotator, tlio several state con-
st itutitmH were abolished, and tho
htrttoH thoniaelves converted into
nioro dopai'tnuMits of the Central
Govoi*nn\ont. The poonlo of Texas
woiv unwilling; to submit to this
UNurputioii. lioMUtunco to such ty-
ranny bootiuio u hiurli duty. Texas
was fully abHolvod from all alle-
giaiioo to the Central Government
,of Moxieo from tho moment that
(}ovorumont had abolished her stato
constitution, and in its place sub-
stituted an arbitrary and despotic
(\Mitral (lovernment.

** Such were the principal causes
of tho Toxau revolution. Tho peo-
ple of Texas at once determmed
upon resistance, and flow to arms.

In the Budst of these importnt
and exciting erents, howerer, tbej
did not omit to plaee their liber-
tiet upon a secure and permanent
foondatioii. Thej eleetea mendMn
to a conrenlioa, vImi, Ih Aa noBtk
of llaid^ 1836» iaaned a fbnul
declaration that theur « politieal
connection with the MexicaB u-
tion has for erer ended, and tfatt
the people of Texas do now consti-
tnte a free, sorereign, and ind^
pendent repoblie, and are fully in-
rested with all the rights and ifc-
tribotes which proper^ belong to
independent nations.' They iho
adopted for their governmest
a liberal republican constitution.
About the same time Santa Anoii
then the Dictator of Mexico, invaM
Texas with a nmneroos army, for
the purpose of subduing her peofk,
and enforcing obedience to nis ar-
bitraiT and despotic gOTemment
On the 21st of AprU, 1836, In
was met by the Texan citizen sol-
diers, and on that day was achieved
by them tho memorable victoiy of
San Jacinta, by which they con-
quered their independence. Con-
sidering tho numbers engaged on
the respective sides, history does
not record a more brilliant achieve-
ment. Santa Anna himself was
among the captives.

•' In the month of May, 1836,
Santa Anna acknowledged, br a
treaty with the Texan authorities,
in the most solemn form, ' the full,
entire, and perfect independence of
the republic of Texas.* It is true,
lio was then a prisoner of war ; but
it is equally true, that he had
failed to reconquer Texas, and had
met with signal defeat ; that his
authority had not been revoked,
and that by virtue of this treaty he
obtained his personal release. By
it hostilities were suspended, and
the army which had invaded Texas

nUed StaUt.']

HISTORY.

[335

der hifl oommand returned, in
siianco of thia arrangement, un-
tloleslcii to Mexico,
•* From the day that the battle of
, Jacinta was fought until the
ant hour, Mexico has never
Bsed the power to reeon^iiKT
Texas. Texaa had been an inde-
^jcndent state, with an organized
^fbovemment, defying tlie power of
^Hlexico to overthrow or reconquer
^Ber, for more than ten years before
^Hlexico commenced the present war
^Hgainst the United States, Texas
^^ftd given flueh evidence to the
world of her ability to maintain
her separate existence as an inde-
pendent nation, that she had been
"ormally reeog'nised as such, not
Jy by the United States, but by
everal of the principal Powers of
Surope. These Powers had en*
Bred into treaties of amity, com-
tterce, and navigation with her.
they had received and accredited
er Ministers and other diplomatic
agents at their respective courts*
and they had commissioned Minis-
ters and diplomatic agents on their
part to the Govemracnt of Texas,
If Mexico, notwithstaudiug all this,
and her utter inability to subdue
or reconquer Texas, still stub-
bornly refused to recognise her as
aa independent nation, she was
none the less so on that aceonnt,
Hiexieo herself has been recognised
an independent nation by the
Jnited States and by other Powers,
Dany years before Spaioi of which,
ibrc her revolution, she had been
\ colony, would agree to recognise
er as such ; and yet Mexico was
it that time, in the e^^timation of
be civilized world, and in fact,
Done the less an independent power
cause Spain still clairued her as a
ony. If Spain bad continued
^imtil the present period to assert
that Mexico was one of her colo*

nies, in rebellion against her, this
would not have made her so, or
changed the fact of her independent
existence. Texas, at the period
of her annexation to the United
States, bore the same relation to
Mexico that Mexico had borne to
Spain for many yeara before Spain
acknowledged her independence,
with this important difference, that
before the annexation of Texas to
the United States was consum-
mated, Mexico herself, by a formal
act of her Government, had ac-
knowledged tho independence of
Texas fta a natioo. It is true that
in the act of recognition she pre-
scribed a condition, which she had
no power or authority to impose,
that Texas shoidd not annex her-
self to any other Power ; hut tliis
could not detract in any degree
from the recognition which Mexico
then made of her actual independ-
ence. Upon this plain statement
of facts, it is absurd for Mexico to
allege, as a pretext for com-
mencing hostilities against the
United Stntes, that Texas is still
a part of her territory,

** But there are those who, con-
ceding all this to bo true, assiime
the ground that the true western
boundary of Texas is tho Nueces,
instead of the Rio Grande ; and
that, therefore, in marching our
army to the east bank of the Tatter
river, we passed the Texan lino
and invaded the temtory of Mexico.
A simple statement of facts, known
to exist, will conclusively refute
sucli an assumption. ''

The President then minutely ox*
amines the validity of this plea,
and, after elaborately refuting it,
proceeds : —

** But Mexico herself has never
placed the war which she has
waged upon tho ground that our
army occupied tho intermediate

334]

tiition, tlj-
allcpriaiic.
••' Knii
tries, iin '
were iiiv
laws of
Feileral '
Ti'xa?*.

thrir nv
Mcxieai.
was acr-
zona, in
new ho:
by law-,
cloftnl
their 1«
woiiM
tioiial :
whirh
had h
thus "•
the y.
vohit*.

tlic I
tinn>.
tntnr
nici!*

Cuv.
the
Btif
Stat
mr:
Go-.

UBII

I/WimI Siaiu.]

H 1 S T O R y.

[337

wmrd. and on the 28th day of that
month reached the east hank of
liie Rio Grande, opposite to Mata-
moms.

** After the joint reaolution for
.xation of Texas to the
- tales had heen passed by
jress, the Mexican Miolfi-
'- a shington addressed a note
cretary of State, bearing
the 6th of March, 1845,
prtiesliDg against it as ' an act of
AL*ift^*ii«»n, the most unjust which
ind recorded in the annals
II history ; namely* that of
tli^spoiUng a friendly nation, like
Mt'xico, of a considerable portion
df her territory ;* and protesting
alxset the resolution of aunexa-
as being an act * whereby the
viace of Texas, an integral por-
of the Mexican territory, is
and admitted into the Arae-
Union r and ho aniionnced
tliftt, as a eori-scquencc, his mission
to ih* Unitod States had tcrnii-
ttaied, and demanded his passports,
which were granted. It was upon
llie absard pretext made by Mexico
(Herself indebted for her independ-
ence to a successful revulutton),
that the republic of Texas still con-
tinued to be, notwithstanding all
that had passed, a province of
exico, that this step was taken
the Mexican Minister
** Texa!i, by the enthusiastic and
almoal unanimous will of her peo-
ple* had pronounced in favour of
afmexatiou. Mexico hern elf bad
agr&ed to acknowledge the inde-
pendence of Texas, subject to a
condition, it is true, which she had
no rij^ht to impose, and no power
i'» enforce. Tlu* last lingering hope
of Mexico, if she still could have
rHttined any, that Toxa? would
ever again become one of her pro-
finees, must have been abandone<L
*' The Consul of the United
^OL. LXXXVIIL

Mill

States at the city of Mexico was,
therefore, instructed by the Secre-
tary of State, on the i5th of Sep-
tember, 1845, to make the in<|uiry
of the Mexican Government. The
inquiry was made, ond on the 15th
of October, 1845, the Atinister of
Foreign Affairs of the Mexican
Government, in a note addressed
to our Consul, gave n favourable
response, requesting, at the same
time, that our naval force might
be withdrawn from Vera Cruz
while negotiations should be pend-
ing. Upon the receipt of this
note, our naval force was prompt-
ly withdrawn from Vera Cruz.
A Minister was immediately ap»l
pointed, and departed to Mexico
Every thing bore a promising i
pect for a speedy and peaceful ad-
justment of all our difficulties. To
my surprise and regret, the Mexi-
can tjovernnicnt, tho^jgli solemnly
pledged to do so, upon the arrival
of our Minister in Mexico, refused
1 0 rece i ve and ac c redi t him. When
he reached Vera Cruz, on the 30th
of November, 1845, he found that
the aspect of affairs had undergone
an unhappy change. The Govern-
ment of General Ilcrrera, who was
at that time President of the re-
puhhc, was tottering to its fall.
General I'aredes (a military leader)
had manifested his determination to
overthrow the Guvemment of ller-
rera by a military revulution ; and
one of the principiil fneana which
he employed to effect bis purpose,
and render the Government of
llerrera odious to the army and
people of Mexico, waa by loudly
condemning its determination to
receive a Minister of |)eace from
the United States, alleging that it
was the intention of Herrera, by a
treaty with the United States, to
dismember the territory of Mexico,
by ceding away the department of

838] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [United StaUt

Texas. On the 30th of December,
184r5, GenerAl Ilerrera resigned
the Presidency, and yielded up the
Government to General Paredes
without a struggle. Thus a revo-
lution was accomplished solely by
the array commanded by Paredes,
and the supreme power in Mexico
passed into the hands of a military
usurper, who was known to be bit-
terly hostile to the United States.

•* Although the prospect of a
pacific adjustment with the new
Government was unpromising, from
the known hostility of its head to
the United States, yet, determined
that nothing should be left undone
on our part to restore friendly re-
lations oetwcen the two countries,
our Minister was instructed to pre-
sent his credentials to the new
Government, and ask to be accre-
dited by it in the diplomatic cha-
racter in which he had been com-
missioned. These instructions he
executed by his note of the Ist of
March, 1846, addressed to the
Mexican Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs, but his request was insult-
ingly refused by that Minister, in
his answer of the 12th of the same
month. No alternative remained
for our Minister but to demand his
passports and return to the United
States.

** Under all these circumstances,
it was believed that any revolution
in Mexico, founded upon opposition
to the ambitious projects of Pa-
redes, would tend to promote the
cause of peace, as well as prevent
any attempted European inter-
ference in the affairs of the North
American Continent, both objects
of deep interest to the United
States. Any such foreign inter-
ference, if attempted, must have
been resisted by the United States.
My views upon that subject were
fully communicated to Congress in

my last annual Message. In any
event, it was certain that no change
whatever in the GoVemment of
Mexico which wonld deprive Pa-
redes of power could be for the
worse, so far as the United States
were concerned, while it was high-
ly probable that any change moit
be for the better. This was the
state of affairs existing when Con-
gress, on the 13th of May kit,
recognised the existence of the
war which had been commenced
by the Government of Paredei,
and it became an object of much
importance, with a view to a speedy
settlement of our difficulties and
the restoration of an hononraUB
peace, that Paredes should not re-
tain power in Mexico.

" Upon the commencement of
hostilities by Mexico against the
United States, the indignant spirit
of the nation was at once aroused.
Congress promptly responded to
the expectations of the country,
and, by the act of the 13th of
May last, recognised the fact that
war existed, by the act of l^Icxico,
between the United States and
that republic, and granted the
means necessary for its vigorous
prosecution. Being involved in a
war thus commenced by Mexico^
and for the justice of which, on
our part, we may confidently ap-
peal to the whole world, I resolved
to prosecute it with the utmost
vigour. Accordingly, the ports of
Mexico on the Gulf and on the
Pacific have been placed under
blockade, and her territory invaded
at several important points. The
reports from the Departments of
War and the Navy will inform you
more in detail of the measures
adopted in the emergency in which
our country was placed, and of
the gratifying results which have
been accomplished.

Jtata.]

H [ S T O R Y.

[339

varioiis colomns of tho

v€ performed their duty

reat disadvantages, with

t distingitished skill and

The victories of Pala

Resaca de la Palma« and
irejt 'W'on against greatly
numberB, and againat most
advantages in other re*
1 the part of the enemy,
Ihant In their execution,
tie our hrave offieers and
kt the grateful thanks of
tmtry. The nation de-
Q loss of the brave officera
who have gallantly fallen
^d Seating and defending
ntry*» rights and hononr.
a subject of pride and sa*

that our volunteer eilizen
vho 80 promptly responded

country's call, with an
te of the discipline of a

ooly a few weeks, have
\\t part in the hard-fought
Monterey with a con-
id courage efjual to that
n troopa, and worthy of
!St admiration, The pri-
rf long marches through
y'i country, and through
es», have been borne with-
anrnir. By rapid move-
e province of New Mexico,
ita Fe, its capital, haH
tared without bloodshed.
' has co-operated with the
d rendered important ser-

not so brilliant, it is be-
D enemy had no force to
m on their own element,
use of the defences which
ifl interposed in the ditti-
f the navigation on the
coast. Our s*|uadron in
fie with the co-operation
ant oilicer of the army.
Jail force hastily collected
listant country, have ac-
oodless possession of the

L

Califomias, and the American flag
has been raised at every important
point in that province.

** I congratulate you on the suc-
cess which has thus attended our
mditary and naval operations. In
less than seven months after Mex-
ico conimenceil hostilities, at a
time selected by herself^ we have
taken possession of many of her
principal portt*, driven hack and
pursued her invading army, and
rtcfjuired military possejision of the
Mexican provinces of New Mex-
ico, New Leon, Ooahuila, Tamau-
lipas, and the Californias^ a terri-
tory larger in extent than that
embraced in the original thirteen
States of the Union, inhabited by
a considerable population » and
much of it more than a thousand
miles from the points at which we
had to collect our forces and com-
mence our movements. By the
blockade, tlie import and export
trade of the enemy has been cut
ot}\ Well raay the American peo-
ple be proud of the energy and
gallantry of our regular and vo-
hinteer officers and soldiers. The
events of these few months afford
a gratifying proof that our country
can, under any emergency, con-
fidently rely for the maintenance
of her honour, and the defence of
her rights, on an effective force^
ready at all tinaes voluntarily to
relinquish the comforts of home
fiir the perils and privations of the
camp. And though sueh a force
may be for the time expensive, it
is in the end economical, as the
ability to command it removes the
necessity of employing a large
standing army in time of peace»
and proves that our people love
their institutions, and are ever
ready to defend and protect thera.

** Whilst the war was in course
of vigorous and successful proae-
[Z 21

tA' »->> -Al aEGISTER, 1846. [VnUidSuun.

i> •- .- i.:ii • '.-.ii.-T*^ "iiiit ifter
v^ TH- I'^-ir -,-..r-- iF ''IT innd
V. -:»=' *-a i.-ii r;i ir ]Lij JWC-

^x.\ir 'V. --• ^: "~ ':l i;ii»r.i»*r iv-ir-

<:rw.-t ■.-.. .^ -i,* «7:a r .' lir jolbz,

jmt ari'l r.ir.'.'sr^i'i* v. b«jdi CDon-
tri'jii. On tK*; '-'jltz jt A'i;ra3t fol-
lr»wiri(( th«: M-.-tioaa <.r>vemxneac
(|prliii(;4l to accept this frienfilv'
oviTtiin*, l;ut rf-ferreii ii to ihe de-
riHidii of fi Mexican Congress, to
Im* iiMH(Mii1>l«!rl in the early part of
tlii« prcMMit month.

" Thi^ wnr will continue to be
|ii-iiAiM'iihM| with vif^our, as the best
iniMiii*« of Hiviirin^ poacc. It is
hM)MMl that tht' (hMrision of the
Mo\i«MUi rnnirri'NH, to which our
ht«t iivoHun* hiiH hri'n referred,
(it-i\ it'Mili 111 11 KpiM*dy nnd ho-
i\.>ni »Mi« pi'iu'o. With our ex-
j».ni»Mri\ hnwiMor. tif tho unrea-
..Mii».|,. i,.\ii<.* ot" iho Moxioan
*».iJ. .. ii.,«a, i| w \\w prtri of wis-
,1..., ..,.^ ^.. l^.!^v tti t!u» onorsjy of
•" ' ' k' \ %'ivvkHxMix until the
* •'►t.^' v-K»wM Ift thi*
k ■»» ■ . ,!.■»•:••.•*• i"!*v'rta*«c to
• •■ • * •.•..»oxv'.'.' ..-r j": the

' . • » i» •■ •*•.'■• '..liio'i

• ■ » .« * ■: ■'*.■■« v'O

' • ■• • ♦. V ■• •• .<'«.■ I'ti -t-

■ . ' • » ■. .• ,• ».

hail revuirnised the existence of
the war with Mexico, my attention
waa directed to the danger that
privateers might be fitted out io
the porui of Cuba and Port Rico
CO prey upon the commerce of the
United States : and I invited the
special attention of the Spanish
Government to the 14th article
ot* our treaty with that Power of
the 2t)th of* October, 1795, under
which the citizens and subjects of
either nation who shall take com-
missions or letters of marque to
act as privateers against the other
' shall be punished as pirates.'

" It atfords me pleasure to ii*'
form you that I have receive*^
assurances from the Spanish G^-^"
vemment that this article of tb^
treaty shall be faithfully observe"^
on its part. Orders for this pur^^
pose were immediately transmitte ^
from that Government to the ais^
thoritics of Cuba and Porto Ric**
to exert their utmost vigilance ii*
preventing any attempts to fit ou t
privateers in those islands againt^t
the United States. From the
good faith of Spain I am fully
satisfied that this treaty will he
oxivuted in its spirit as well as its
letter : whilst the United States
will on their part faithfuUj' perform
;iill the obligations which it imposes
\'i\ them.

■• 1 0 format ion has been recently
reeived at the Department of
>Liro tiidt the Mexican Govem-
•II. rr ■i^.'i <*:nz to ilavannah blank
■•'oiiii fsion* CO privateers, and
•i:*;i V .■^' I- -.lease* uC naturalization,
v.;Mi ii iv ^u.-nil Said*, the pre-
^■1. i» .!ii -f :^..' Mevlean Govem-
i.« .11 *"i»*^.' .> iis*> reason to
',•... Ill Mil -lii: -im!;ir d'X*unients
'^ ■ 'n'l fiii^MJ.TtoJ to other
-' ^ Mf vvir-ii. C-.'-pies of

• s-i •u,'!..^ 11 •r^.ia.'itcioa, are

HISTORY.

kB the prelimmarios required
le practice* of civilized natiooB
omniissioning privateers and
ating their conduct appear
10 have been observed, and as
commissions are in blanks to
lied up with the names of
ms and subjects of all nations
may be willing; to purchase
» the whole proceeding can
be constmed as an invitation
I the freebooters tipun earth,
ire wdXing to pay for the pri-
I, to cniise against American
bcree. It will be for our
B of justice to decide whether,
r such circumstances, these
van letters of marque and
lal shall protect those who
4 them, and commit robberies
the high seas under their
rlty, from the pains and
ties of piracy.

!f the certificates of natural-

n thus granted be intended

exico to shield Spanish sub-

from the guilt and |iiiniHh-

of pirates, under our treaty

Spain, they will certainly

unavailing. Such a subter-

would be but a weak device

feftt the provisions of a so-

■-INscommeud that Congress
1 i turned ifitely provide by law
le trial and punishment as
IB of Spanish subjects who,
ing the vigilance of their
niment, shall be found guilty
ivAtcering against the United
B, I do not ajqirehend seri-
ingcr from these privAte*»rs.
lavy will be constantly on the
to protect our coraiuerco.
es. in ease prizes should bo
of American ves^ls, the
It vigilance will be exerted
r blockading squadron to pre-
(he captors from taking them
UexicBJi port6, and it is not

apprehended that any natioo wiU
violate its neutrality by suffering
such prizes to be condemned and
sold within its jurisdiction.

** I recommend that Congress
should im mediately provide by law
for granting letters of marque and
reprisai ajEjainst vessels under the
Meiiean flag. It is true that
there are but few, if any, com-
mercial vessels of Mexico upon the
high seas ; and it is, therefore, not
probable that many American
privateers would be fitted out, in
case a law should pass authorixing
tills mode of warfare. It is, not-
withstanding, certain that such
privateers may render good service
to the commercial interests of the
country by recapturing our mer-
chant ships, should any be taken
by armed vessels under the Mexi-
can tlag» as well as by capturing
these vessels themselves. Every
means within our power should be
rendered availalde fur the protec-
tion of our commerce.

** The annual report of the
Secretary uf the Treasury will
exhibit a detailed statement of the
condition of tlie finances. The
imports for the fiscal year ending
on the 1 3th of June last were of
the value of 121,6^)1,797 dollars,
of which the amount exported was
1 1 ,346,623 dollars ; leaving the
amount retained in the country for
domestic consumption 1 1 0,345, 1 74
dollars. The value of the ex-
ports for the same period was
113,488,516 dollars; of which
1 a2, 1 41 .8113 dollars consisted
of domestic prwluctious, and
11,346,623 dollars of foreign
articles.

** The receipts int^> the Treasury
for the same year were 29,499,247
dollars and 6 cents, of which
there was derived from customs,
26,712,667 dollars and 87 cents ;

342^ ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [UtdudSM*.

^u sale$ of public Undi,
2.0 '5.452 dolUn and 48 cento:
and truoi incidental and mific^
Unfiom sources. 92,126 dollars
and 71 cenu. The expenditure
for the same period waa 28,031,1 14
dollars and 2*j cento ; and the
balance in the Treasnrr on the
l»t daj of Julr last was 9,126,439
dollars and 6 cento.

-" The amonnt of the pablic
debt, inelodine Treasury notes,
on the 1st of the present month,
was 24J256.494 doUars and 60
cents : of which the sum of
17.7S8.799 dollars and 62 cento
was outstanding on the 4th of
March. 1645. leaTing the amount
incurred siuce that time, 6,467,694
dollars and 9S cento.

'•In order to prosecute the war
with Mexico with vigour and
energy, as the best means of
bringing it to a speedy and ho-
nourable termination, a further
loan will bo nocessarj- to meet the
expenditure for the present and
the next fisi»al years. If the war
should be continued until the 30th
of June, 1848 — being the end of
the next fiscal year — it is esti-
matiHi that an additional loan of
23,000,0(.»0 of dollars will be re-
quired. This es^tiniate is made
upon the asisuniption that it will
be necesHary to retain constantly
in the Treasury 4,000,1)00 of dol-
lars to guard against contingencies.
If 8ueh surplus were not required
to bo rotained, tlion a loan of
li),00O.(M)O of dollars would be
Buttioient. If. howovor, Congress
nhould» at the proMM»t Sossion,
inipono a n»vonuo duly on the
prinoijHil artioloji now t»nibraood in
the fni' liM« it \* o«(liniat<Ml that
an nddilii^nal annurtl ivvonuo of
about l?..V>0.iHH> doll«n«, amount-
intf» it i« o«iiw»rttod» on the .*^Oth of
^84K. to 4.iHH\tXH> of dol^

lars, woold be deiiTed from tkii
scarce ; and the loan required
would be reduced bj that amomit
It is estimated also, that should
Congress graduate and reduce the
price of such of the public lands
as hare been long in the mariLet,
the additional revenue derived,
from that source would be annually,
for several years to come, between
500,000 and 1,000,000 doUars?
and the loan required may be rs—
duced by that amount also. Should —
these measures be adopted, the^
loan required would not probaUi —
exceed 18,000,000 or 19,000,000^
dollars — Cleaving in the Treasury a-^
constant surplus of 4,000,000 del —
lars. The loan proposed, it itmm
estimated, will be sufficient toMi
cover the necessary expenditures,^
both for the war and for all other*::
purposes, up to the 30th of Jtmop..
1848 ; and an amount of this loanp..
not exceeding one-half, may bee
required during the present fiseaK.
year, and the greater part of th^
remainder during the first half of
the fiscal year succeeding.

*' The Act passed at your last
Session, ' Reducing the Duties on
Imports,* not having gone into
operation until the 1st of the pre-
sent month, there has not been
time for its practical efifect upon
the revenue, and the business of
the country to be developed. It
is not doubted, however, that the
just policy which it adopto will add
largely to our foreign trade, and
promote the general prosperity.
Although it cannot be certainly
foreseen what amount of revenue
it will yield, it is estimated that it
will exceed that produced by the
Act of 1842, which it superseded.
The loading principles established
by it are, to levy the taxes with a
view to raise revenue, and to im-
pose them upon the articka im-

tVnitsd Statss,]
ported according to their actual
^ - The Act of 1842. bj the ex-
eessWe rates of duty which it
imposed on many articles, either
totally excluded them from impor-
lion, or greatly reduced the
ount imported, and thus dimi-
ishcd instead of producing re-
enue. By it the taxes were Im-
&ed not for the legitimate pur-
se of raising revenue, but to
.fford adTantages to favoured
cUssea, at the expense of a large
majority of their fellow-citizens,

IThoae employed in agriculture,
jnechanical pursuits, commerce
mnd navigation, were compelled to
contribute from their substance to
aw ell the profits and overgrown
wealth of the comparatively few
who had invested their capital in
manufactures. The taxes were
not levied in proportion to the
value of the articles upon wbieh
they were imposed ; but, widely

• departing from tbi» juat rule, the
lighter taxed were, in many casca,
levied upon articles of luxury and
high price, and the heavier taxes
mi ihoee of necessity and low price,
consumed by the groat tnass of
the people* It was a system the
inevitable effect of which was to
relieve favoured classes and the
wealthy few from contributing their
just proportion for the support of
Government* and to lay the burden
on the labour of the many engaged
in other pun^uits than tnanufac-
tores.

" A system fw) unequal and un-
just has been superseded by the
exisiing law, which imposes duties
not for the benefit or injury of
dftsses or pursuits, but distributes,
and, as far as practicable, equalizes
the public burdens among all
classes and occupations. The fa-
rciured classes, who, tinder the

unequal and unjust system which
has been repealed, have heretofore
realized large profits, and many of
them amassed large fortunes, at
the expense of the many who have
been made tributary to them, will
have no reason to conjplaiu if they
shall he required to bear their just
proportion of the taxes necessiary
for the support of Government.
So far from it, it will be perceived,
by an examination of the existing
law, that discriminations in the
rates of duty imposed, within the
ri'venue principle, have been re*
tained in their favour. The in-
cidental aid ngainst foreign com-
petition which they still enjoy
gives them an advantage which no
other pursuits possess : but of this
none others will complain, Wcause
the duties levied are necessary for
revenue. These revenue duties,
including freights and charges,
which the importer must pay be*
fore be can come in competition
with the houjo manufacturer in our
markets, amount, on nearly all our
leading branches of manufacture,
to more than one-third of the value
of the injported article, and in
some cases to almost one-half its
value. With 8Uch advantages* it
is not douhtid that our domestic
manufactures will continue to pros-
per, realiKJug iu wTll-condueted
establishments even greater profits
than can be derived from any other
reguhir business. Indeed, so far from
requiring the protection or even
incidental revenue duties, our ma-
nufacturers in several leading
branches are ejEtending their busi-
ness, giving evidence of groat
ingenuity and skill, and of their
ability to compete, with increased
prospect of success, for the open
market of the wt>rld. Domestic
manufactures, to the value of
sever&l millions of dollars, which

4

344] ANNUAL. REGISTER, 1846. [Vniud Swm.

cannot find a market at liome, are
annually exported to foreign coun-
tries. 'With such rates of duty aa
thoso established by the existing
law, the system will pr(»bably be
])ermanent ; and capitalists, who
liavc made, or sliall hereafter
make, their investments in manu-
factures, will know upon what to
ro]y. The country will be satis-
fioil with these rates, because the
advanta^ros which the manufac-
turers still enjoy result necessarily
fn>m the collection of revenue for
the suppt»rt of Government. High
pn^tivtive duties, from their unjust
optTAtion upon the masses of tho
p*vp!o, cannot fail to give rise to
o\:<'r»«:\o dissatisfaction and com-
pA-.r.t. and x<* constant efforts to
c^**.*cv or rojval them, rendering
%\\ "^ o>:r.:ori:# in manufactures
■, ".v--;* -. A~*i TTxx'Anous. Lower

V .". —..■',■ :Krr..ir.ir.: ra«o< of duty.
%: r: vfc'v*" r.r.c that thoy will

:, ; -;A-.:r*0Turor fair and

V .^< ..;•: .-.ji.rp:r of rri^v.inT

», ^..

»X 1

•I li.'
•».i » If,

. V - -^

and miaeiy. Ne«rly in the
ratio that labour was depreued
capital was increased and coneca-
trated bj the British protectirv
policy.

" The erils of the system in
Great Britain were at length ren-
dered intolerable, and it has been
abandoned, but not without a se-
vere struggle on the part of the
protected and favoured classes to
retain the unjust advantages which
they have so long enjoyed. It
was to be expected that a similar
struggle would be made by the
same classes in the United States
whenever an attempt was made to
modify or abolish the same unjust -
system here. The protective po- -
licy had been in operation in the --
United States for a much shorter ^
period, and its pernicious effects
were not, therefore, so clearly
perceived and felt. Enough, how-
ever, was known of these effects
to induce its repeal.

"It would be strange if, in the

face of the example of Great

Britain, our principal foreign cus-

I'.-'n-iOr. and of the evils of a system

rendered manifest in that country

Vy long and painful experience,

arid in the face of the immense

sivaatAfivs which, nnder a more

';::»frai commercial policy, we are

i.'.roaoy deriving, and must con-

r.r.'jo to derive, by supplying her

<:i.^-:TiZ TK'T'^slaiion with food, the

'. r:'ioa Sraxes should restore a po-

•.-^ v-'mt-^ Kbe has been compelled

* <.>tkT>d.'ix^ and ihn5 diminish her

t ;.. -^ ;; T^uTThase fncvm us the

*^M i.T«r. nibt^ articles which she

< n 11 •! pfvoK. and we so much

.i>^:-- If <fi. ?y the simnltane-

0-* i.'*#fn4"i-iTiT!i"iii I'f the protective

-k .:. '-^rhz Britain and the

« ' X. >!:>,• -^ pfv and important

..1 >. .^t^ !.» - ' a!"f»iy tiecn opened

>ii K^'-v'uttjra! and other pro*

HISTORY.

[345

commerce and navigation
Bceived a new impulse; la-
id trade have been released
!« artificial tramDiels which
I long fettered them ; and to
t extent reciprocity, in the
ge of commodities, has been
iced at the same time hy
>untriejft, and g7*ently for the

of both* Great Britain has
yfced, by the pressure of cir-
.nces at home, to abandon a
which haa been upheld for
tnd to open her markets for
nenae snrphis of hreadstuffs;
is confidently believed that
Powers of Europe will alti-

see the wisdom, if tbey be
impelled by the paupcristm
Ltfferings of their crowded
tioti, to pursue a similar

Qr ^mers arc more deeply
ted in maintaining the just
icral policy of the existing
in any class of our citisena,
constitute a large majority
population ; and it is well
that when they prosper all
mrsuits prosper also. They
leretofore not only received
f the bounties or favours of
iment» but by the une^jual
ons of the protective policy
een made, by the burdens of
►n, which it imposed, to con-
to the bounties which have
*d others.

lien a foreign aa well as a
market is opened to them,
mat receive, as they are now
Dg, increased prices for their
ta. They will find a readier
nd at better prices, for their
tiour^ rice, Indian corn, beef,
ard, butter, cheese, and other
I, which they produce,
he Home market alone is in-
kte to enable them to dispose
iiomeDsc surplus of food and

other articles which they are ca*
pable of producing, even at the
most reduced prices » for the ma-
nifest reason that they cannot he
consumed in the country. The
United States can, from their
immense surplus, supply not only
the home demand, but the de-
ficiencies of food ret^uired by the
whole world.

" That the reduced production of
some of the chief articles of food
in Great Britain and other parts
of Europe may have contributed
to increase the demand for our
breads tutfs and provisions is not
doubted ; but that tho great and
efficient cause of this increased
demand, and of increased prices,,
consists in the removal of artificial''
restrictions heretofore imposed, ts
deemed to be equally certain.
That our exports of food already
increased, and increasing beyond
former example, under the more
liberal policy which has been
adopted, will be still vastly en-
larged, unless they be checked
or prevented by a restoration of
the protective policy, cannot be
doubted. That our commercial
and navigating interests will be
enJarged in a corresponding ratio,
with the increase of our trade, is
equally certain ; while our manu-
facturing interests will still be the
favoured interests of the country,
and receive the incidental protec-
tion afforded thorn by revenue du-'
ties ; and more than this they can-
not justly demand,

** The Act of the 6th of August
last — ' To provide for the better
organization of the Treasury, and
for the collection, safe keeping,
transfer, and disbursement of the
pubUc revenue,' has been carried
into execution as rapidly as the
delay necessarily arising out of
the appointment of new officers.

346] ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. [OWtodfltato.

taking and approving their bonda,
and preparini^ and securing proper
places for the safe keeping of the
public moner, w-ould permit. It
is not prupuAed to depart in any
respect from the principles of po-
licy on which this great measure
is founded. There are, however,
defects in the details of the mea-
sure, developed bj its practical
operation, which are fully set forth
in the report of the Secretary of
the Treasury, to which the atten-
tion of Conjpress is invited. These
defects would impair, to some ex-
tent, the successful operation of
the law at all times, but are espe-
cially ombarra&siug when the coun-
try is engajL^ed in a war, when the
exjienditures are greatly increased,
when loans are to be effected, and
the disbun»omeuts are to be made
at iMiints luauy buiidreti miles dis-
tant, in 'sijoix.' cashes, from any de-
{H»itory, and a large portion of
tiit'iu in a t'oreiicn country. The
rmKiilio:nion> ^ii^^sttd in the re-
jmrt of the I^»■^^•tiirv ..f die Trea-
sury are r»;ctjnin;tn«iLd to yuur t*a-
vouraMo OniisiJonituin.

•• It will be imp«'rraiit. during
v«>nr pn»xMit Sos^iou. to o-tablish
a tcrrili»rial iinvt^ninicnt. and to
cxttMiil the jnris«liction and laws of
ih«» I'nltod 5>t:ites over the terri-
tory nf <>rid:*>n. Our laws re^ru-
lating trade an«i iutorcourso with
the Indian tribes, oast of the
Rtvky Mount*- ;i>. >>.o.;hi l^e ox-
tomi«"Ni to t/.o Pa. ;*:r i svan ; aud
Sm t h*^ p r. qs^s: . •*' o v.v- Kline iht-m .
and pro«<-^i->irc r:-?or.i".y n-'Utior.s
^«i\ th* Iriifsn t:-K-^s wiihir. our
%wi(Ss an SiVi;c?f.n*'i rkun.lH-r of
:v«Ha!^ ap'^TN-'it'^*' ^i.; ^o r^qnirc^i,
%M *>s>iiM K *r.t>?Ari]c^j U law.
>^- i»Kfti>»]»»»V.n^<^^t '•! ^-uvtuTn-
X-< lA o\ j^^t f*f^A'(^ and

\ftfl p:N.vi«*;nT.

thi"

^ t)H' iMil. <«^ MK^

routes as the pablic conrenieikee
will soggeat. require legislative an
thority. It will be proper, also,
to establish a surveyor- genenl*B
office in that territory, and to make
the necessary provision for snrrej-
ing the public lands, and bring
them into market. As our citi-
zens, who now reside in that dis-
tant region, have been subjected
to many hardships, privadons, and
sacrifices in their emigration, and
by their improvements have en-
hanced the value of the public
lands in the neighbourhood o£
their settlements, it is recom-
mended that liberal grants be
made to them of such portions
of these lands as they may oc-
cupy, and that similar grants or
rights of pre-emption be mad^
to all who may emigrate thithec
within a limited period, to be pre —
scribed by law.

*' I refer you to the report of
the Secretary of the Navy for*
a satisfactory view of the opera--
tions of the department under hi»
charge during the past year. 1^
is gratifying to perceive that whil»
the war with Mexico has rendered
it necessary to employ an unusual
number of our armed vessels on
her coasts, the protection due to
our commerce in other quarters
oi the worid has not proved
insuficient. Xo means will be
spared to give efficiency to the
n.kval service in the prosecution of
th«? war : and I am happy to know
;hat the officers and men anxiously
dosire to devote themselves to the
**r^iox^ of iheir country in any en-
to prl«*\ however difficult of exe-
cuti«»n.

** The pn>fress and condition of
tlio n^ail service for the past year
art fiiily pr^esented in the report
of the Postmaster-GeneFal. The
i«%'«Dua, for ikut year ending on

•-1

HISTORY.

[347

lOth of .Tune last, am d tin ted
,487 J 99 doilfira^ which is
^2 dollars and 45 cents. Icaa
that of the preceding year,
pojrine[it6 for the depaiittient

Ethe same time amimnted to
.297 doUora and 22 cents,
lis sum 507,097 doUftra and
Bnta have heen drawn from
^reasury. The disborsenients
le year were 236,434 dullurs
^7 cent3 lesa than thu^^e of
ireceding year. While the
rsements have heen thns di*
bed, the mail faellitios have
enlarged by new mail routeti
i739 miles, an increa^o of
portation of 1,764,145 inilea,
|he estahlishmtnit of 418 new
offices. Contractors, post-
fra, and others, engaged in
kranch of the service, have
rncied their duties with energy
faithfulness deserving com-
ktion. For many iiitercfiting
|b connected with the opora-
iif this estxiblishment you are
red to the report of the Post-
er-General ; and his sugges-

for ijiipioving its revenues
pecont mended to your favour-
consideration, I repeat the
on expressed in my last an-
Message, that the buj*ineas of
dtepartmcDt should he so re-
led that the revenues derived
, it should he made to equal
&xpenditurea ; and it is bc-
i that this may he done by
tr modificatjouH of the pre-
• laws, as suggested in the
ft of the Postmaster-Cieneral,
Mit changing the present rates
l»tage.

With full reliance upon the
0UI and patriotism uf ynur
orations, it will be niv duty,
\ will be my anxious dei?ire»
[>• opera to with you in every
tattttioD&l etfort to proiuote the

welfare and maintain the honour
of bar common country/'

MEXICO.— In the early part of
December, last year, a revolutionary
movement took place in Mexico ;
the result of which was that General
Herrera, who was President of the
Republic, resigned his office at the
end of that month, and General
Paredefl, who bad beaded the anuv
m ltd opposition to the existmg
Government, was witbonthloodshed
elevated to the Presidcticy, Pre-
viously tu this struggle, negotia-
tions had heen pending between
Mexico and the United States, rela-
tive to the serious differences which
exiatt^l between the two countries:
the chief of which was caused hy
the reeognition on the part of the
American Government of the inde-
peudenco of Texas, and tho suhse-
rpicnt anncAation of that republic,
which Mexico claims as one of her
own provinces, into the States of
the Union. The American Go-
vernment had despatcbeda Minister
to Mexico for the ostensible pur-
pose of amicably adjusting the
(|uarrel, in the month of November,
1845» lie arrived at the time
when the revolution which over-
threw General Herrera was on the
puint of commencing ; and the
Mexican Government refused to
receive or accredit him. After
General Pa redes had established
himself us President, and tho
new Governnient had acquired
some stability, the American Mi-
nister on the lat of Marcii, in the
present year, again presented his
credentials to the Mexican (jovorn-
meut, and asked to be accredited
by it. On the 12th of that month
bis request was refused* auil he
immediately demanded bis pass-
ports and returned to the United
States, War was afterwards forjn-

i

_ AGISTER. 15546. ;3frix:5.

■is • ral i'.iYior. -^no ii.iti !.iKcu :d

■-•mm ::i :ii iiitr'^nchiM «. mp

•-.» Mj.Lamonia. -■■t •.■« • n he

:av vv»rn a i«idv .if .oom

•a. ...- A-nnie :...rce :iut

. z-.-i .: ■-■•iinj' ■»». !Ie ^uecwied

^ac ■. ■•■t : .ir.a :i:i'."inir :n»en:e-

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•- - -■.T-xninir ''.» uis ■ amD

-j*;r. •• 1 j.:am'jras. hen "ii '.ae

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J -:j.:i :.-:::t. • ..? ■■.limOiTS t

- -- -;j ^ . .r.. -'miiiioa .It •!i."'".

■ ini ■ .Uiud i'.iid .vlio.

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_ ■- .-1 -i .r.*n '::-*ir '-f-sniim.

■■-. . . ■:■" 'I'visiv.'? • niraje-

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^ :. .: :•'•».• . nica 'T^m

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■ .:: .-::- '.•■•.\^i •!"■ rim-iiv ■^•itii

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- . ■ ::off. ■■■-•• • '••• :r-v'i ■- \L' Ztu

■■.- . .1 ;• . 'j«ia\'i .• '— . iaiitl'.'s- •'£

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':"'-M •.■■i.».'.\ ■iiirri^ lis

: .liiii.; ~ •■^'. iiiimer i

-< .'ii .■'«> iw- i-^taiin-a iie

•v'l;- ■ .'. - r-'.-v :ui I -lie

•.: . - »f:.:^\i:: tv.w '-inv-ited

r - ... .-■.■.!■ —riniio. .nii .*tf-

• . ..r r'"Mr"«i •■! ake

•.-. 'V ..«.?ia»:. r!>.* w-

-■ . . . w miiin? ''•p.* -.uuut :o

Ti ... ... .. ■.,» jv.T v-n:cii -♦. punutil

'bai ■•■<■■* . ■■.■■■■' •!»♦• -ir^. -n -iiv ".7'li

imi .i:v-"« --. V ..■ ' »4 •.* A-hiMi .1 dajT il T'li-f -.f:!.*

To '.••K'*«* r.:.- . i-u*t* t*?'! '»^ 'ii^THirAl Arisid, the oom-

:lii

HISTORY.

aakiug for ftu omiistice
(-eekB, in order thnt a com-
ion might be made with
lean GovernmetrL General
mswcrofl thiit the only eon-
he could make was to give
dean troops in Matanioras
fht o'clock the neit raom-
iTacuate the citj. On the
g day, the armj crossed
r, and, on reaching the gates
town, found that General
and his forces had al>an-
the place, and had retired
ian Fernando about ninety
Istant,

le meantime the American
d commenced a strict block-
^he Mexican coast, and the
rf Vera Cruz, Tampico, and
lan d*inioa were closely
3 by oruisers.

r the surrender of Mata*
the American nmiy con-
to advance into the Mexican
y, and the towns of Rog-
td Camargo fell into tlieir
The former yielded with-
ifttanee, but the latter was
by General Taylor. After
id ted ion a marches the m-
forces reached the import-
|r of Monte revt on the 1 9th
temher, which was occupied
eiiean force under General
lia, and immediately pre-

0 besiege it. In the mean-
lOther revolution had taken

1 Mexico in Augusts Santa
had arrived in the Mexican

General Parede^ was
i and hanished from the
f^ and Santa Anna assumed
>mmand of the Mexican
lie refused this time to
the Presidency » and, in a
published by him on the
f September, gave the foU
reasons fi*r his conduct, lie

our Excellency will at once

perceive how great an error I
should commit in assuming the
supreme magistracy, when my duty J
calls me to the6eld to %ht against
tUe enemies of the Republic* I
should disgrace myself, if, when
called to the point of danger, l|
should spring to that of power. |
Neither my loyally nor my honour 1
requires the abandonment of in-
terest so dear to me. The singtoJ
nmtive of mj heart is to otfer to my ]
compatriots the sacrifice of that]
bloud which yet runs m my veins,.
I wish them to know that 1 conse-'
crate myself entirely to their ser-
vice, as a soldier ought to do : and
am only desirous to be pennitted to
point out the course by wliich
Mexico may attain the rank to
which her destinies call her.

"In morching against the ene-
my, and declining to accept of
power^ I give a proof of the sin-
cerity of my sentiments ; leaving
the nation her own mistress, to dia-|
pose of herself as she sees fit. The
elections for members of Congress,
to form the constitution which the
people wish to adopt, are pro-
ceeding. The Congress will soon
convene ; and while 1 shall he en-
gaged in the conflict, in anned de-
fence of her independence, the na-
tion will place such safeguards
around her liberties qh may best suit
herself. If I should permit mys^elf
for a single moment to take the
reins of government, the sincerity
of my promises would be rendered
questionable, and no eontidence
could he placed in them.'*

The forces under General Tay-
lor, at the siege of Monterey,
amounted to 6(Kll} men, and hav-
ing constructed a battery, and
formed bi« troops in three divisions,
he opened his fire upon the citadel
and town, on the morning of the
21 fit of September, The Ame-
ricans advanced at the same time

_ ::zL^E!m :**t

Tkt Brazik

z± TT-wr^ ' -maer "^Ma the smaller

-m^ -"^Tiij -^^^^ "ae srisbdnMi contain-

1 r^ "^B- ^t^rsmtr if*** rvacliedthB

-=:- JL'L i

to »iir-
ir<>rided tbat
and pro-
Tlie Ame-
£ -w .. _._tini {€ tke place,
T.»^ r v-ci a smrrison.
'-' -Cr r!i»*r ^3i?ideDt5 io
■31* Twed States
c 1* -31* ■.•■->«-? of the
»r-**i 10 be i
-r Ti- i-d»nx4 ^-:l^tiaflallce;

_r*r> Trni* ic Mace are
!•*. A***TiH<. -x Asaerican
1 -r -TTtti..g^j vietonom,

Z .T-::_I- "l.f — ' 1 iLe 3rd of

■ :_.n >"!m:i'It :c tie sixth

■ : ::- L.-c'-SiAIitt Cbam-
-r 3.--z'- T-1^ :w=.-ed bj

i,.....*-r.-l -.. -

-- -r. - - :•- " Ji-

:• Itl-ri l***^- -

1: ■ * - 1- J"1."~=-.T1

* ; T..I "'.". *'»' ^

-: I :■ —■ 1 '^ ->-'r

**T.* .•"■• .■".■: k

:..T^i^- -::': c --•-

tK^. r.A'.» .^-t. / .T^'^.r.'.^rr.'.

Tf;': trr;. -'. f.f-.. r.r,-K.:'irr. ▼** r.ot

iiit't*:rutui'.u*., *r»'i ^'ifi^rrai Taylor
tru* ';rfl'-r<-'l to a'lvari^^: Into the
roiifitry fifi'l \tr*i*.*'.t:iilf: the war with
i\it'. iitiii'Kt vi/our.

On fh*- 1 Ith of Novi-riiUfr, the

IfiWfi of Tfiiii|ii«'o iiiirrcii<leri:(l to a

iiiiiiiiihiiiKiii froiii thf AfiifHcan

iidnr Hii' <'oiitiiinriil of Com-

• - s- T-m -le xt.-ia \LT^r sa-
i.^ LM i:- iL*t iiLZ':cAl r»rpceseni-

• 7*1 * *-:f!::. ^ok-e^i forward
-' vli L-c .--iiiiieTi^-e bj all
3t: xi-?. i-t-laI^t pnM«?nt5 to
J 1-- :<:il f.r lirr L:::c:^*t4 of the
.^. izrrv :l-r =:--4n* c-f prxKOOting
i:* ^T^riT*? *r.d ::* prt>*peritT.

■" Ar^Vi^a'-'ij •*> the commnnica-
t ■ !: i =ide to Tou when I ad-
<ire:?«f^ti TOO at the close of the
la«t Se^^ioD. I hare ri^iced the
provinces of St. Catharina, St.
I'edro, the Rio Grande, and St.
I'aulo.

'* The demonstrations all these
prrivinces afforded mc of adhesion
to niy imperial person and family.

Th» BrasiU,]

HISTORY.

[351

aoil to the political constitMtion of
^Blhe CQipire, hav^ secured them my
^■p-atitude.

^V •* The progresB they exliibit in
^Kivilization, industrj, and ibe re*
^MOtxrces with ifvhieh nature has en*
^^dowe<l them, give assurance of the
mptd dcTeloproent of their pro-
sperity.

•* Peace prevails throughout all

he proTuices ; this blessing of

Providence will contribute to and

facilitate the execution of such

llBDeasares as your intelligenee and

ftiriotisai may judge necessary or

expedient to toBter the riebes of

lie country,

** I most sincerely regret the

rU» which the drought has in-

iieted on the nortliern pn»vince3»

articulorly Coara. My Govern-

oeut promptly supplied such means

were at its disposal to alleviate

be distress whtcb my Bubjeets suf-

ered in those proviuees. Aeeord-

Bg to the most recent accounts^

Ue rains had eomnieneed* and

irere very abundant ; but, never-

^eleas, it will nut he possible to

cpair, at once, all the damage

esulting from the drought ; nor

I'ean the Government »u.«pend the

succours of which those provinces

[ 6iiU stand in need,

** I have endeavoured to culti-
Tftle aroicable relations with all the
Governments of Europe and Ame-
rica,

•* The erpiration of the con-

Ivention between Brazil and Great
Britain for the suppression of the
Slave Trade was duly notified by
my Government to that of Her
Britannic Majesty. After such
notiiication was given, the British
Parliament passed an Act for sub-
jecting Brazilian vessek, susipected
of being engaged in the trade, to
the jurisdiction of the English tri-
bunals.

" My Government protested
against such Act, an<l made all
foreign Powers acquainted with
that protest. Faithful to the en-
gagements entered into to put an
end to the traffic In Africans, my
Government will, notwithstanding,
not cease to defend the preroga-
tives of my Crown and our na-
tional rights. To attain such jui?it
ends I confide in your hjyal and
patriotic co-operation,

** The struggle, unfortunately,
sti!l continues in the Republics of
the River Plate, which has occa-
sioned dissensions and protracted
the war between them. I earn-
estly pray for the re-estahli»hment
of peace and order in our neigh-
bouring states ; and in accordance
with the interests of our country
and with the principles of neu-
trab ty my Government have
adopted, 1 look forward to an end
being put to circumstances so
afflicting to humanity,

•• The budget or estimate of the
reTcuue and expenditure for the
ensuing financial year will be laid
befoi-e you, by which you will bo
enabled to ascertain the increase
which has taken place in the for-
mer» and tbe exertions my Go-
vernment has made to establish,
by means of judicious reductions
in the latter, tbe indi^peoKahle
equilibrium between tbe receipts
and expenses of tbe State, without
tbe onus of imposing fresh bur-
dens,

*' From tbe reports of the re-
spective departments you will see
the actual state of each, and the
measures requisite to be adopted
for tbe benefit of the nation.

** Honourahh and Most Worth/
Eepresent^tives of the Nation, —

** You have always given my
Government, with patriotic soHci-

I
I

^1

r

Tflftr.]

[363

to those who liftTe adopted a
course iu oppoeition to us.

** Already have the two agents
^m/^ England and Franco in La
^BPJftta propoFCti their amicahic me-
diation ; it has l^eeri refused. The
hour for nn armed mediation ap-
pears to have arrived. It is in
this sense that the English Am-
tmssador has spoken to me re-
specting the views of his Govern-
ent. I have show^n myself dis-
osed to entertain them.

1 need not say that the in-

iependenee of the state of Monte

idoo, reorganized hy the treaty

October ^1840, sliould bo, in

' opinion, the necessary point of

eparture in every negotiation :

I that independence is, in reality,

lisputed by nobody.

" It should be, at tlie same time,

li^tinctly understood that none

ftf the three mediatorial Powers

iliould seek to obtain eitlicr in-

^ urease of territory or any separate

advantage.

"We might merely demand, as
the accessory consequence of our
intervention, the application of the
principles laid down by the Con-
gress of Vienna, for the free
^Vsavigation of the rivers or streams
" that descend from the frontiers of
Brazil and of Paraguay into the
Bio de la Plata:"'
AU amicable negotiation having

Ifiuled, the combined forces of Eng-
iund and France were, at the latter
ind of the preceding year, brought
to hear against General Rosas
with the result which might have
been anticipated. On the 2Dth nf
Hovember, 1845, an action took
JJttcc on the river Parana, at tho
Pucnte del Obligado. The im-
^^ mediate object of the English and
^^^rench conmianilers, Captains
^Vllotham and Trehouart, wcs to
force open the navigation of the
Vol. LXXXVIII.

^ Vol. L

river Parana, wlueh had long been
closed by the command of General

H05&6.

The passage forced is tho nar-
rowest point, forming a sort of
elbow, about 800 yai"ds wide ;
downwards it gradnaOy widens, and
above it expands to the left. On
the right bank were four batteries,
at nearly equal distances from each
other, mounting from twenty-four
to thirty gnn.^, most of them 24-
pounders. Three of the batteries
were est.ahhshcd at the narrowest
point facing doAvnwards athwart
the stream, and tho fourth was
ahovc the others, at a projection
comniandinijf tke length and breadth
of tho Parana. The background
was covered with thick woods.
Between the second and third bat-
teries, and close to tho second,
twenty-four or twenty-five small
vessels were moored directly across
the river to the opposite bank, and
these were strongly secured to-
gether by three frigates* chain ca-
bles. There were no batteries on
tho left bank, but just above tbia
bridge of small vessels, on the left
bank, General Kosas's brig, tho
RepubJicano^ was moored broad-
side across tlie river. This brig
had SIX guns of heavy calibre, and
was so placed as to ettjllade the
opposing ships. Under the second
battery, and close to the bridge of
boats, four firoships were sta-
tioned.

On the morning of the 20th the
attacking parties uioved up the
river towards the point. They wcro
formed into three divisions. The
tirst was composed of the Proeida
(French) brignntine, Capt. l>c la
Riviere ; the Phtlomd, 6 (Kug-
Ihh), Commander Sullivan ; tho
Fiitinjft brigantiue (English),
Licutenant-Gomniander Astley C.
Kev, Second Lieutenant of the

[2 A]

India.]

HISTORY.

[355

CHAPTER XIV.

IlTDU* — Retreat of the Sikhfi across th^ Suthj — Pfodamathn by the
Qovemor- General — The Sikhs af/ain cross the Sutlrj — Mamturres of
ihs Troops itnder the command of Sir Harr\j Smith — Battle of

I Alixcul^- General order issued hff Sir Ilennj Hardittife — Fortified
mtrenrhmeiUs of the Sikhs at Sobraon— Attack hi/ the British Forces^
and battle of Sobraon—Decisici' vivtortf ffnincd (*rpr the Sikhs— Our
Troo/jts cross the Sut!ej^ and ad at nee toivards Lahore — Proclamation
issued btj the Govern or- Geiicrtt! at Kiissoor—ProccnlittftH of tlw
Lahore Ditrhar^hitervien' hctwcfn Sir Hear if Hardiftfje ami the
Sirdars deputed from the Durbar — Terms of Feaea aijnrd npun- —
Meetinfj between the Alaharajah and Sir Henrtj Hard in (je at
LtUleeana — The British Troo]^ arrive at the (Japital — (kcnpationt%
of the Citadel— General Order issued hij Sir Hennf Hardiftfie~^
Treaty of Peace between the British and Lahore Goveiiiments, signed
OH the Hth of Marfh—Indejk'ndent Soreretynfy created for Bajak
Oholab Sinffh — Separate Treaty with him — Terfns of (hcupation of
Ltthore by British Tronpif — liejlections on the close if the Carniutiyn —
Refusal of Sheik Enant-ooddeen to acknowledffe the supremacy of
Rajah Oholab Sinyh — Moremetil^ in consequence, and intervention i
a British Force — Disclosures made by Enam-ood-dcen — Deposition
]^m and CT^mhion of Bajnh Oholab Sinyhfrom the Punjauh — Application
^B from the Lahore Durbar for Briti-sh protection — Articles of Ayree'
^m ment.

yvi

I'E resume our narrative of
, , - the war on the Lanka of tlie
Btitlcj. After the hattks of
poodkeeftndFeroxcshali, the Sikhs
itlshearteiied hy their losses^ and
fearing to oppose the onward mareh
of the British troops, retreated in
infusion upon the fords of tlie
Srer, and crossed over into their
own territory. But tlie civnipaign
wtts not 3*et finished » and the fierce
ToiT of the Ptmjnub was do-
ennined not to cjuit the prisie whit-h
H had fttncicd was within iLsgia^p,
and which was no less than the

L

concpieat bf TTindostfln, without
Another struggle for victory. On
our part it was necessary to reduce
to nm[iialified Huhniissiou a power
which had dared, without tho
shadow of a pretext, to invade our
territories, and to take such niea-
s lire 8 a.s would effectually prevent
tho reeurrcnco of such an outrage
for the future* It consiata neither
with the dignity of the British
name, nor the Bafoty of our do-
nriniou in India, to he content with
repelling nn unprovokt-d attack ;
we must make the aggressor feel
[2 A 2]

HISTORY.

[357

ijU Mttjeethca, at the

ir|(o body of troop tj,

iron I rhil*>ur, and

111 ion at Bnran Ilarap

arc called the old

iiirscs of the 8titlej,

itened the city of

emedlikt^y to in*

\i our conimuiilca-

i was at thnt time

t* hattalioiis of

. under the com-

lier Godby, aud

Ills wore nmreh-

II t. Major-

iith had been

iiuisly with a

ii vision, and a

iiisl the town

iikote, which

k for the use

rji:sonf*d by a

1 V auxiliaries.

- V the rcchiction

n, in consequence

f^ of Sirdar Run-

i^ Hidered imme-

c with his brigade

. by Jugraon» to-

and his second

the command of

litt'lcr* moved on to

The nmna'iivres that

;i«e arc so succinctly

letailed in n despatch

' m) man d er-i 1 1 - C 1 1 ie f to

I General. dated Feb. 1,

e prefer giving an ac*
111 in bis Qwn words.
The Mnjor-Geijcrnl, breaking
I from J agrat>n, moved townrda
ittna, when the Srrdar, rcly-
i>R the vast sopcritirity of his
pht a«mimed the initiative, and
feftvoureil to intercept his pro-
M by marching in a line parallel
ira^ and opening npon his troops
rious cann<made» The if ajcr-
icral continued coolly to ma-
|svrc, and when the I^ikh Sirdui-,

bending round one wing of his
anny» envekiped his flank » he ex-
trieated himself by retiring with
the steadrncss of a field-day by
eelielhjn of battalions, and etfected
his communication with Loodiana,
but not without scYcre loss,

** Reinforced by Engadier
Godby^ he felt himself to be strong ;
but his manceavre!! had thrown
him out of communlcatiou with
Brigadier Wheeler, and a portion
of his baggage bad fallen into the
hands of the enemy. The Sikh
Sirdar took up an entrenched posi-
tion at Budliovval, supporting hinj-
self on ita fort, hut, threatened on
either flank by General Smith and
Brigadier AV heeler* finally de-
camped, and ntoved down to the
Sutlej* The Briti.sh troops made
good their junction, and occupied
the abandoned position of Bnd-
howal ; the Shekawattee Brigade»
and Her Majesty 'b 53rd Regiment
also added to the strength of the
Major-Generah and he prepared t<i
a 1 1 ack t !i e Si k h S i rd a r on his n i * \v
ground. But on the 20th Run-
joor Singh was reinforced from the
right bank witli 4UO0 regular
troops, twelve pieces of artillery,
and a large force of cavalry.

" Emboldened by this accession
of strength, he ventured on thu
meai^ure of advancing towards*
Jugi'aon, apparently with the view
of intercepting our communications
by that route."

It was then that Sir Harry Smith
determined Ut attack the enemy,
and on the morning of the 28th of
January moved forward against
thcni, they being distant about six
miles. When the British troops
came in sight of tlie Sikhs, tho
latter were drawn up along a ridge
close to the vdlage of Aliwal (or
rileewul), their left line resting
upon their entrenched camp, and

L

!i

35S]

AXXCAL REGISTEB, 1846.

[iMiii.

Ujfclr r.Ai ViiTipif.TLZ the ridge.
Th*T fo!!o«iDz:j Sir Uarrr Smithes
acoonnt of what f./ilowed :—

" I immediatelT deployed the
cavalrr into line, and mored on.
Aff I ncared the enemy, the zroand
hwiuw most favonrable for the
troopH to manoeuvre, being open
and hard ^raKH land ; I ordered the
cavalrv to take ground to the right
iUHJ It'ft liy brigades, thus display-
ing th(^ heads of the infantry
roliiiuns, and M they reached the
liiifh ^rt)nn<i I directed them to de-
iilov inti> lino. Jiri^adicr Godby's
itt-iu:;\ilo wnH in direct echellon to
thi' rottr (iC tln» right, the Shcka-
watloo infantrv in like manner to
tbo voar of my k'ft ; the cavalry in
dn«v( (vhclion on, and well to the
\y^:\\ of. I)i>th flanks of the infantry,
rho artilliM'v massed on the right
»»»d roMdv. and li»ft. After de-
I'U'Mnont I ob^Tvod the enemy's
t. •\ (o oui flunk nie. 1 therefore
V i'V,» «Mt»» opiMi columns and took

.-. «.» »i« «Mv M>;ht : ^*lion 1 had

. .»..!.. I h'iiN,mo'M ^;uMind. the troops
«'. .* A ■««■. » •<■'»*; thoio was no
; V*-,' ,;• I <'u»fu' lMii;:htly.
1 .. ■ ■ » -,•* w,-'v« vv't't'^'ruiiHl
»» . ■ \ 4" i t^^W'f'iiv'H of

s- ■« V "v-\i .i.i^ . Tho

\*\\v'v?'i :i'td

»• ^ ■ •..■■•: ,'■' 'mv .\' ^:i*

♦ •%• *■ K' 4tl-

».♦».» 'm • ••• -vvxl

» . . . »»■»,•.» i :vn

. :, :: i» k ■»«.■; W

. . ..:..■..• -:.... V:
• 'I .•.■»■. I "i II . I'lti

r .« » . « k '*■■•». ^ 1 ."»

»• s- ■■■ % 'i*i ■ ■ l.i'',

• '■ ' . ' . . .1 ; I' V . « . .fc

; ■ . . . , .UM

'^ • .-• .. ■■■ ■'': • .'> . 4 .»i

• • i- ,^ ■- V r..s . '

therefore quickly brongki up
Brigadier Godby a brigade, and,
with it and the Ist Brigade under
Brigadier Hicka, made a rapid and
noble charge, carried the Tillage
and two guns of large calibre. The
line I ordered to advance. Her
Majesty's 3 Ist Foot and the native
regiments contending for the front;
and the battle became general
The enemy had a numerous bodj
of cavalry on the heights to hui
left, and I ordered Brigadier
Curcton to bring up the right
brigade of cavalry, who, in the most
gallant manner, dashed in among
them, and drove them back upon
their infantry. Meanwhile a
second gallant charge to my right
was made by the light cavalry and
the body guard. The Sheka-
wattee brigade was moved well to
the right, in support of Brigadier
Cureton. When I observed the
enemy's encampment, and saw it
wos full of infantry, I immediately
brought upon it Brigadier Godby *8
brigade, by changing front, and
taking the enemy's infantry 'en
reverse.' They drovo them be-
fore them, and took some guns
without a check."

In the meantime the brigade,
inidor the command of Brigadier
Whoi'lor, and also that under
Hri^radior Wilson, had in the most
^dll.uic manner advanced with great
'uyMity. and carried the guns of
"..• t-ru'my. and driven back the
^ •'».■?•.< opfv»^xl to them. In order
..* O'.'^or th'^ir rtureat to the river
*''-.: "a-ssdire icros;? it, the Sikhs
Kt.; <-i r::r:v occupied the village
•1 *->..u'?Mtvv. 4ud a squadron of
K- • '.] Lanccjx wi» ordered to
. !.i. ■•,«• i ">i'i'-. ■.. :' cue enemy drawn
»,' fi\ ri..' -'ii'i: ..»f :hat village.
'. 'u-v ■'»i>'.' .i.jci.'iu^-an"-?d by the
■:u '. :;;;!l '/;iv:i;ry. u;d the Sikhs
"^civ drivt^u 'j^cure uwm ; at the

India,]

HISTORY,

[359

■ame time the 53rd. Her Majesty's

P Regiment, adranced and carried
the village of Bhoondee at tlic
point of the bayonet, while the
30th Native I nfanirj wheeled round
^B to attack the enemy in the rear*
" About 800 or 1000 men rallied in
their flight nnder a high bank, and
opened a heavy but inetfeetital fire
upon our troops. The 30th Native
Infantry were ordered to charge
tbem. which they immediately »iid,

■ tnd drove them from the hank, ex-
posing them, as they fled, to the
oeadly fire of twelve guna serve^d
Hy our ortilleiy, within the dis-
iMice of 300 yards. The 53 rd
Itegiment now moved forward to
support the 30th Native Infantry,
ami the scene that followed is

Erldiij described by Sir Harry
mith in his despatch : —
•* The battle was won, our troops
IvtiDcing with the most perfect
curder to the common focus, the
paawige of the river. The enemy
^onpleiely hemmed in were flying
from our fire, and preeipitating
themselves in disordered masses
Eito the fonl antF boats, in the nt-
Oust eonfnaion and consternation.
' eight-inch howitzers soon bc-
io to play upon their boats, when
the • debris' of the Sikh army ap-
peared u[K»n the opposite and high
bank of the river, flying in evciy
, direction, although a sort of lino
ras attempted to countenance their
etreat, untU all our guns com-
Eienced a furious cannonade, when
bey quickly receded. Nine guns
iren^ on the verge of the river by
lie ford. It appears as if they
ad been unlimbcred to cover the
These, being lofidetl, were
: once upon our advance. Two
ithers were sticking in the river,
ne of them we got out ; two were
to fili\k in the ijuick sands,
w^ were dragged to the opposite

bank and abandoned. These, and
the one in the middle of the river,
were gallantly spiked by Lieut.
Holmes, of the Uth Irregular
Cavnlr}", and Gunner Scott, of the
Ist troop 2nd Brigade Horse
Artillery, who rode into the stream
and crossed for the purpose,
covered by our guna and Light
Infantry.'^

In a general order issued after
the battle, Sir Henry Hardinge
thus doscribca it; —

** In thia decisive and gloriout
action, the enemy's infantry wera
dislodged from every position and
village they attempted to hold, by
rapiti charges at the point of the
bayonet. Their liorsomen wero
driven from every part of the field
by repeated charges, in wbieh the
superior valour of the Kuropcan
and Native cavalry was most con-
spicuous ; and the artillery, mov-
ing with it» accustomed celerity,
was always well to the front, direct-
ing it3 Are witli precision and
efl'eet. The result of these noble
eti^jrta of the three arms of artillery,
cavalry, and infantry, in which the
valour and discipline of the troops
were ha]>pily combined with the
i^kill of the eomniairider, has been
the signal defeat of the enemy ;
who was driven across the river
with great loss, bis camp Wing
captured, and fifty-two pieces of
artillery remaining in the hands of
the victors. These trophies, in ad-
dition to those taken at Ferozeshah
and Moodkee, complete the num-
ber of 1 43 pieces of artillery taken
in the field from the enemy sinco
the British army moved from its
cantonments to repel a most un-
provoked aggression on its terri-
tories/'

Thus ended the battle of Aliwal,
one of the most brilliant actions
that has ever been fought iu Ijidia,

*UI.]

HISTORY.

[361

i im

crt's riglit, and Mnjor-Genoral
Sir Harry Smith'.s left, protectt^d
both. Major-GeuiH'al Sir Joseph
Thackwell, under wliotn was
igadier Scott, held in reserve on
Br left, ready to act as eireym-
tinees might demand, the rest of
the cavalry/'
^v Soon after doyhreak omr ^eld
^Bfttterj opened its tire, wliich was
^Hi^plied to by seventy pieces of
^Hftnnon, admirahly served by the
I Sikhs from behind strongly con-
atructed redoubts and breadtworka
f earth planks and fascines.

At nine o'clock/* wo again
ote from Sir JIngli Gough*a de-
Dktch, ** Brigadier Stacey's BH-
ade, supported on either flank by
apt&ins llorsford and For^lyce'a
eries, and Lieutenant-Colonel
iine*8 troop of borsc nrtdleiy,
moved to the attack in admirable
order. Tho infantry and guns
aided each other corrolatively. The
^^bnner marched i^teadily on m line,
^Brhich they halted only to correct
when necessary. The latter took
lip successive positions at the gal-
""op, until at h*ngth they were witli-
I 300 yards of the heavy battenes
f the Sikhs ; but, notwithstanding
he regularity, and coolness, and
cientiiic character of thi.s a^jsault,
irhieh Brigadier Wilkinson well
opported, so hot was the fire of
nnon, mnsketry, and zumboo-
cks kept np by the Ivhalaa troops,
nSiat it seemed for some moments
impossible that tlie entrenchmenta
couhl be won under it ; but soon
persevering gallantry triumphed,
tfttid the whole army had the satis-
iietion of seeing the gallant Bri-
die r Staeey's soldiers driving the
Sikhs in confusion before them
Kwithiu the area of their encamp-
I men t , T h e 1 0th F o o t , tm d l r L i e u-
I tenant- Colon el Franks, now, for
► fifil Htm, brought into i^enous

contact with the enemy, greatly
distinguished themselveti. Thi« |
regiment never fired a shot till it
got within the works of tho encn»y.
The on^et of Her Majesty's 53rd '
Foot was as gallant and etfective.
The 4r3rd and 59th Native Infan-
try, brigaded with them, emulated
both in cool determination.

'* xlt the moment of this first
Buccess, I directed Brigadier the
iroiiotirahle T, Ashhurnhanrs bri-
gade to move on in support, and
Major-General Gilbert's and Sir
Harry Smith's divisions to throw
out their light troops to threaten
thtdr works, aided by artillery. A**
these attacks of the centre and
right commenced, the fire of our
heavy guns had first to he directed
to the right, and tiien gradually to !
cease, but at one time the thunder 1
of full 120 pieces of ordnance re*|
verhe rated in this mighty combat
through the valley of the Sutlej\
and, as it was soon seen that the
weiglit of the whole force within
the Sikh camp was likely to be
thrown upon the two brigades that
had passed its trenches, it became
necessary to convert into close and
serious attacks the demonstrations
with skirmishers and artillery of
the centre and right ; and the
battle raged with iuconceivable
fury from right to left. The Sikhs^
oven when at particular points
their entrenchments were mastered
with the bayonet, strove to regain
them by the fiercest conflict sword
in hand. Nor was it until the
cavalry of tho left, umler Major-
General Sir Joseph T hack well,
liad moved forward ami ridden
through the openings of the en-
trenchments niaile by our sappers,
tu single file, ami re-formed as they
passed them, and the 3rti Dragoon»,
wlmm no obstarle usually held
formidable by horae appears to

India,]

HISTORY.

[363

■TvA

Mnongst the enemy was very great,
and it was computed that not fewer
j^han eight or teti thou Band men of
'e KbaUa army perisbed in the

tion, and while attempting to

iss the river in their flight when
we had carried their onlreneli-
ments. Amongst these were some
of their hrayest and ablcBt leaders.
(This glorious victoir was described
by Sir Henry llardinge, in a ge-
neral order after tlic battle, ' " as
an exploit, one of the most daring
ever achieved, by whieh in open
day a triple line of breastworks,
flanked by form id able redoubts,
hriitUng with artillery, manned
by thirty 'two regular regiments
of infantry, was assaulted and
carried/*

On the evening of the day
•n which the action was fought,
fix regiments of Native Infantry
erosscd the Hntlej j nnd the rest of
the army soon after fuUo wed on a
bridge of boats, constructed for
ibe passage of the troopn.

On the 14:th of February* the
l^hole army encamped at Kussoor,
thirty- two miles from Lahore, t>n
lla march to that capital. The
Govern or- General tlicn isaued the
Mowing Proclamation, dated : —

•* Forei^ DeprfmenU Kossoor,
14th February, 18m
^ •* The Sikh army has been ex-
fteUed from the left bank of the
rivfrSutlej ; liavingbeca ilefcatcd
in every action, with the loss of
more than 220 pieces of fiehl-
t artillery.

"The British army has crossed
[Hie Sutleji nnd entered the Pun-
¥ub.

ff— M. Gen. Sir R. H, Dick, K.CB.,

, KX.H. H. M. 62ntl Foot— LleuL

T. Bartlcv. 33rd Regt. N. J.—

W. C. Pla\^air. IL M. Ifhh Foot

W. S/Bcale. H, M. 53rd

-Capt C. E. X>. Warren.

**' The Governor -General an-
nounces, by this proclamation, that
this measure baa been adopted by
the Government of India in ac-
cordance with the intentions ex*
pressed in the proelamution of tiie
13tb December last, as having
been forced upon the Govern or-
Generah for the purpose of * etfec-
tually protecting the British pro-
vinces, for vindicating the authority
of the British Government, and for
punishing the violators of treaties
and tins disturbers of the public
peace/

** These operationB will he
steadily persevered in, and vigor
ously prosecuted, until the objecta"
proposed to he accomplished are
fully att,iined» The occupation of
the Punjaub by the British forces
will not be rehnquisbed until ample
atonement for the insuh offered to
the British Government by the in-
fraction of the treaty of 180S:>a,d.,
and by the unprovoked invasion of
the Bi'itish provinces, shall have
been exacted. These objects will in-
clude full indemnity for all expenses
ijieurrcnl dvuiiig the war, nnd such
arrangements for the future go-
vernment of the Lahore territoriea
as will give perfect security to the
British Government against similar
aet» of perfidy and aggression.

** Military operations against the
Government and army of the La-
bore state have not been under-
taken by the Government c*f India
frrrm any desire of territorial ag-
gra n d i z erne n t . T h c G o ver n or- G e-
neral, as already anntjunced in the
proclamation of the 13th Decem-
ber, * sincerely desired to see a
strong 8ikh government re-esta-
blished in the Punjaub, able to con-
trol its army and to protect its sub-
jects. ' The sincerity of these pro-
fessions is proved by the fact that
no preparaiioii^ fur hostilities had

3643

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846. ir«^.

been made when the Lahore 'Go-
▼emment suddenly, and withoni a
pretext of complaint, invaded the
British territories. This nnpro-
yoked aggression has compelled
the British GoTemment to hare
reeourse to arms, and to organize
the means of offensive warfare ;
and, whatever maj now befidl the
Lahore state, the conseqnences can
alone be attributed to the miscon-
duct of that Government and its
armv.

" Xo extension of territory was
desired by the Government of India:
the measures necessary for provid-
ing indemnity fur the past and
security for the future will, how-
ever, involve the retention by the
Britisli Government of a portion of
the country hitherto under the go-
vemmont of the Lahore state. The
extent of territory which it may
be deemed advisable to hold will
be determined by the conduct of the
Durbar, and by considerations for
the security of the British frontier.
The Government of India will,
under any circumstances, annex to
the British provinces the districts,
hill and plain, situated between
the rivers Sutlcj and Beas; the
revenues thereof being appropriated
OS a port of the indemnity required
from the Lahore state.

'• The Government of India has
frequently declared that it did not
desire to subvert the Sikh Govern-
ment in the Punjaub; and although
the conduct of the Durbar has been
such as to justify the most severe
and extreme moasun»» of retribu-
tion, (the infliction of which may
yet bo requiivil bv muuhI indioy,
if the recent act* \*^ vioWiuv Ih> not
iimi>lv Atuttcd t\»r and iiunuHliate
••iidoixsU^ novortholoss
Uoiierul is* still will-

1^^'tuniiy Ahould be
>iirlmr and to the

chiefii to submit thcmselTes to the
anthoritj of the British Govern-
ment, and by a return to good faith
and the obs^ance of prudent coon-
sds, enable the Govemor-Genersl
to organixe a Sikh GoTemment in
the person of a descendant of its
foonder, the late Maharajah Run*
jeet Singh, the faithful ally of the
British power.

<< The Governor-General, at this
moment of a most complete and
decisive victory, cannot give %
stronger proof of the forbearancd
and moderation of the British Go-
vernment than by making this
declaration of his intention ; the
terms and mode of the arrangement
remaining for further adjustment.

'' The Govemor-GcneraU there-
fore, calls upon all those chie!&
who are the well-wishers of the
descendants of Runjeet Singh, and
especially such chiefs as have not
participated in the hostile proceed-
ings against the British power, to
act in concert with him for carry-
ing into effect such arrangements
as shall maintain a Sikh Govern-
ment at Lahore, capable of con-
trolling its army and protecting its
subjects, and based upon principles
that shall provide for the future
tranquillity of the Sikh states, shall
secure tbo British frontier against
a repetition of acts of aggression,
and shall prove to the whole work!
the moderation and justice of the
paramount power of India.

** If this opportunity of rescu-
ing the Sikh nation from military
anarchy and misrule be neglected,
and hostile opposition to the British
army be renewed, the Government
of India will make such other ar-
rangements for the future govern-
ment of the Punjaub as the inter-
c;>ts and security of the British
power may render just and ex-
pedient."

When tlio news arrived at La-
hore of the complete overthrow of
the Sikh amiy nt Soi>raoij, the
^v £anec (Queen Mother) and lier
^■Durbar, or council, urgcfl Rajnli
Gholab Singh to proceed imme-
diately to the British camp, and
I entreat forgiveness in the name of
the Lahore Government fur the
outrage ivhich had been committed
ly the aniiy ; and at the same
time cndeavonr to negotiate some
arrangement for the preservation
of the country from the utter ruin
impending over it.

The Rajah first stipulated that
the Durbar and the chief officers
of the army, as well as the mem-
bers of the runclmyets, should
fiign a solemn declarnlion that they
irould abide by such terms as he
might determine on with the British
Government. This is said to have

I been immediately acceded to ; and
on the 15th, Ilajah Gholab Singh,
Bewail Decua Natli, and Fakeer
Kooroodeen, arrived in the British
l^amp, at Kussoor, with full crcden-
lials from the .Malm raj al*, and em-
powered to agree, in the name of
the Maharajah and the Govem-
luent, to Buch terms as the Go-
^btemor-General of India might
^Wllctatc. Tlie Rajah wa^ at- com -
^Kbanied by the Barukzie chief,
^^Sultan Mahommed Khan, and se-
^►ireral of the moat inflncntial !>iirdars
^^€>f the nation*

Sir Henry Ilardingo in his

I despatch dated ** Camp Kanha,
Cuchwa, Feb. 19th/' stated, that
lie received the lUjah in lUirbar as
the representative of an offending
Government, omitting the forais
and ceremonies uisually observed
on the occasion of friendly meet-
ings, and refusing to receive, at
tliftt time, the profFered nuzzurs
and complimentary ofterings. He
briefly explained to the Rajah and

Wms

his colleagues that the offence
which had been committed was
most serious, and that the conduct
of the chiefs and army was most
unwarrantable ; that this offence
had been perpetrated without the
shadow of any cause of quarrel on
the part of the British Govern-
jnent, in the face of an existing
treaty of amity and friendship ;
and that, as all Asia hod witnessed
the injurious conduct of the Sikh
nation, retributive justice required
that the proceedings of the British
Government shonld be of a cha-
racter which would mark to the
whole world that insult could not
be offered to the British Govern-
ment, and our provinces invaded
by a hi>stile army, without signal
punishment.

The terms demanded and con-
ceded were the surrender, in full
sovereignty, of the territory, hill
and plain, lying between the Sut-
lej and Bea:^ rivers, and the pay-
ment of one crore and a half of
rupees as indemnity fur the ex-
penses of the war j the disbandmcnt
of the existing 8ikh army, and it.s
reorganization on the system, and
regnlatious with regard ta pay,
which obtained in the time of the
late Maiiarajah Runjeet Singh ;
the arrangement for limiting the
extent of the forct* to he thence-
forth employed to be deternjined
on in communication with tlie Bri-
ti.'ih Guvernnieut ; the snrrender to
us of all the guns thnt have been
pointed against ns ; tlie entire re-
gulation and contnd of both banks
of the river J>utlcj, and such other
arrangements for settling the future
boundaries of the Sikh t^tate, and
tlie organization of its administra-
tion, as might be determined on at
Lahore.

It was likewise determined that
th e young M aharajal i D h ulet*p 8 i ngh

i

[367

r the

ft treaty,
will toud
praviiiceB
A ^irnilor

^iir-(jOJieral, being

tjviT, to mark with

BtliouBclinracUT

HI J rod » mui will

ry remain in 14 piece

try whioli has been

"UHt the British amiy
onmpaigu shall l>o sur-

Svkh army, whose iniuh-
bniluct is one of the chief
Mhe nnnirhy ami mis rate
ve brought the Sikh Stntr!
brink of destmetioaj is about
Itsbandcd,

•rs of the tLvmj of
Inwti not only proved
'ior prowess in battle,
very occasion, with J
t n d patience, ei]«i|
^"■^'^ "left and privatronil

^■■^ 11 a state of active j

Hi the field. The no- 1
of this army have alaa
t a faithful attachment
. lonrfs and to the com-
tf|iiM»> A iervice is an honourable
>«te«i»att in the character nf the
♦ 8e[ioy, The Governor-
\\d has repeatedly expregsed,
. own part and on that
^' "iiraent of India, admirft-
latitude for tho import*
1 vK-es which the army Irna
' rd* The Govern or- Gen oral
]» iiuw pleased to resolve, as a
testimony of the approbation of
the Govcniment of India of the
brnvfiry, discipline, and soMierdiko
Hfjf of the army of the 8utlej,i
ml all the generals, othcers, non-
eoiumissioned officers, and privates,
shall receive a gratuity of twelve
months* batta. Every regtmentj
which, in obedience to its orders,
may have remained in posts and
forts between Loodiana and Fe-
TOzepere, and was not present
in action — as in the ease of tho
troops ordered to remain at Mood-
kee to protect the wounded, and
those left in the forts of F croze-
pore and Looiliana — shall receive
the cfratuity of twelve months*
l>atta. Obedience t«:> orders is the
first duty of a soldier ; and the
Govcmor-Genera], in afiinning the
principle, can never admit that ab-
sence caused by the performance
of indispensable duties, on which
the success of the operations in
the field gcrently depended, oujcfht
to disqualify any a oldie r placed in
these circumstances from partici-
pating in tho gratuity given for

^1

HISTORY.

[369

ncrUooeh.with 12^000 cavalry,
ittmlier never to be esceedcd
II llie eoiicurrence of the
I Govern tu en t,

►Tlio thirty-Bii remaimtij^

had been pointed

.the British during the re-

liiiea to be itn mediately

' to them,

entire cantrol of the ri-

611ft and Sutlej, to the con*

mC the Indus at Mikenkote,

control of the ludug from

kote to the borders of Beloo*

|« shaU, b respeet to tolh

B, rest with the British

dent.

Britldb troopfi to he aEowod

through the Lahore ter-

*lbr the protection of the

territories, or those of tlioir

Bie^ ; duo notice being given or*

tibji*ct to the Lahore Govern-

who will ntt'ord facilities in

ling supplies and hoatu for

ge of rivers.

The Maharajah never to

into his service any British

>Clt nor the suhject of any

%n or American state,

riihuut the consi^Qt of the Eritieh

«jTernment,

12. Kajah Gholab Singh to he

ogTiiaed as an iJidependent so*

over tho territi fries which

British may make over lo liim.

All disputes between Gholab

(gh and the Laliore iioveniment

referred to the British.

All change in the frontiers

the Ltthoro State prohibited

ithout llie concurrence of the

iritish Government.

15. The British Governnieut

i to exercise any interference

m the internal Adniini»tration of

the Lahore State.

16- The aubjects of eitlicr State »

(visiting the teiritorica of each
her, to be on the footing of the

8uhjeets of tho most faToured n^
lion.

In eonaequenee of the neutrality
ohserved by the powerful Chieftain
Gholah Singh during the war, and
hi 3 exertions to negotiate a peace
between the British and Lahore
Governments after the final cata-
fitrophe at Sohraon, the Governor-
General had detenu in ed to reward
hit conduct by raising him to the
dignity of an independent Prince ;
and the object of the twelfth arti-
cle of tho treaty was to secure the
recognition of his independence by
the Lahore Government. The ter-
ritory over which he was invested
witli dominion wa« defined in the
first article of a separate treaty,
which was conclude*! on tho 16th
of March, between him and tlie
British Government, at Neuritzur.
It was as folbws; —

Article I.— The British Govern
mcMt transfers and makes over lor
ever» in independent pot^segsioti, to
Mahanijah Gholah Hingh, and the
heirs -male of his* bofly, all tho billy
or mountainous country, with its
dcpendenciey, situated to the east-
ward of the river Indus and west-
ward of the river Havee» includ-
ing Chuniha and excluding Lahool,
being part of the territfjry ceded
to the British Government by the
Lahore State, according to the
provisions of Article IV. of dm
treaty of Lahore, dated the 0th
of March, 1846.

Tho only other articles which
it IB material to notice are tlie
following ; —

Article III. — In consideration
of the transfer made to him and
his heirs, by tho provisions of
the foregoing articles, Maharajah
Gholab Singh will pay to the
Britiab Government tho suji
of seventy -five lacs of mpe4»i
(Nannckahahec), fifty laca to be

[2 B]

368]

tW geMral mi «QBfart of
ttra 5 m ibi Ml All rt^f>
tfj
fmia^ p4rL i*i
ARDj of iliii SudMi whkh
hmim mchwl LsoMiia or
amm befofv th« iilt af Oim li
wil W 'ffldiia«l m ttntitU t.

h nirr nsMQCiI to &<t> :
teni3S of ili« IrrMj bci<
tw9 Q&w&wmmi^ ; aoil ini
of Mareii tliij toipoHMiC

vImii ifai Maiiimjftlii alt-
Itti pvimitiiAl Mctn au

treat/ wa» rjitliod m4 c
with tli(5 tt^iml

the Qa«emljltHi <*bi«£i bs

wkieli w

It wo&ddiTerM^

it he said —

** For furtT y

llifl two (}u\
tho wliule *>t iii
iiatWtiwadi rn<l' '
Lot tlii* jitj

11.

'* of important
nipt was made
w\j Acquired so-
M'lab Singh over
i<3« of Caahmir [
-"^Beiit the son
i'Een, gover-
rganized art
1 10 was aided
i-i, Ghulab
he bead of
t iiU rofraetory
*i defeated ; and
'ritish assistance,
certainlr under
It to afford, aa the
^ the treaty whereby
-d his independence
}j for his protection
it external at tack ».
was thought ri/^ht
tottering rnusnud ;
^vanced again to-
r, for the purpose
onee more with tlie
body of Britiah
the CO nun and of
iceler, marched for-
Jttllinder to occupy
(iholab Singh's capital,
afford him a point
in case of a second
and at the same time
unr determination to up-
thc authority of the ruler
a we had placed upon his
'lie.

hiA demonstration had the

ed etfoet ; and not long

wards Sheik Enam-ood-Een

jniunrcated to the British au-

fities that he was acting under

ITS received from the Lahore

fbar in the couriie he wus piar-

^g, and stated that the insur-

tioQ had been instigated by

^teii instructions reccivi-il by

from the Vizier Rajah Lall

ftfiervrards Sheik Emam-oftd-

[371

Een surrendered to Lieutenant-
Colonel Lawrence, the British
agent, on a guarantee from that
officer^ that if the Sheik could,
as he asserted, prove that hja
acts were in accordance with his
instructions, and that the oppo-
sition was instigated by the Laiore
Minister, the Durhar should not
be permitted to inflict upon htm,
either in his person or his pro-
perty, any penalty on account of
his conduct on thii occasion. At
the saaie time the British agent
pledged his Govoniment to a full
and impartial investigation of the
matter.

A public inquiry was thereupijn
instituted into the facts ii^lducod
by Sbeik Emam-ood-Een, and it
was fulJy established that Rajah
Lall Singh bad secretly instigated
bini to oppose the occupation by
Maharajah Gholab Singh of the
province of Cashmere.

When sufficient proof of this
had been obtained, the Governor-
General immediately demanded
that tiic Ministers and chiefs of
the Lahore State should depose,
and exile to the British pro-
vinces, the Vizier Rajah Lall Singh;
and consented to accept tbo deposi-
tion of the Rajah as an atonement
for the attempt to infringe the
treaty of the 9 th of March, by
his secret intrigues and machina-
tions. It was not proved that
the other members of the Durbar
had cognizance of the Vizior*B
proceedings ; aud the Governor-
General pubUcly stated that the
conduct of the Sirdars aud of the
Sikh army in the bite operations
for quelling the Cnshmcre insur-
rection, and removing the ob-
stacles to tbefultilnvcntof the treaty,
proved that the eiiminality of the
Vizier was not paiticipaled in by
the Sikb nation.
(2 B I']

[373

X[. — The provisions of

BvPTiiont shall have effect

minority of His High-

narajah Dhulcep Singh,

cease and terminate on

Hiiuss attaining the full

ixtAseii years, or on the

iihur of the year 1854 ;

(111 be competent to the

^cucral to cause the ar-

^■^ Lo cease at any period

-.10 coming of age of His

" .It wliich the Governor-

.iMil the Lahore Durhar

.iiij^fiod that the interpo-

^ ilii" British Government

:ii^or necessary for main-

tnc Government of His

s! the Maharajah.

•^njfrpoment was executed at

hy Frederick Gurric, Esq.,

itenant-Coloncl Lawrence,

i>hn!f of the British Govern-

V and hy thirteen of the

— ripiil Sirdars of the Punjaub,

Bg for the Lahore Durbar.

be painful cau9C wtiicli
led this distiiiiy^uislicrl
from a illation » tiie
licb he di.s charged witli
ibility, that on every
n for him the highest
of his Sm^ert'ign, and
and gratitude of tlie
whom lie presided as
tativc.

^eriil addresses to the
th were adopted daring
"cm of the Lcg^islature,
Iftid Qt the foot of the
will be my pleasing
(»nnce to you II er Ma-
ttotiB replies.
ld« under any circum-
ye directed your earlj
> the eondition of the
[ But the imsettled
be negotiations whiLdi

RT some tirue past car-
een the Imperial (io-
and that of the United
Auiorica renders it im-
pon me to prei^s iiiore
J on your consideration

E^ of a reorganisation of
the public defence. I
lost unboun<3ed con-
it the h>yalty and
of every ehisa of Her
snbjeeta in Canada will
jous, as they have been
fihould occasion call for
to aid In the pro tec*
country ; hut a well-
uiiifonn system is
to give a fittin:^
b the moHt zealous cf*
Ithe same time I feel
nil aisisurinjj; you that
gracious Sovereinjn will
on the fieo and loyal
: of her Canadian people
of tins provmce, and the
of Brit i till eonneetion^
will he prepared, as her
have always been, to

provide, with promptitude and
energy correspondiug with the
power and resources of the em-
pire, for the security of her North
American dominions.

" The suhject of the civil list,
which was brought under your con-
sideration hy my predoceaj^or, will
doubtless engage your attention,
when I trust to jour wisdom to
make such a provistou as will
enable Iter Majesty to give effect to
your wishes, hj recommending to
the Imperial rarliament the requi-
site changes in the Act of Reunion*

^*Gentlfmefi of the Legislative
Assembltf^ —

** The financial accounta of the
province for the past year will be
immediately laid before you. The
estimates for the service of the
current year will ho likewise sub-
mitted for your early consideration,

** The necessity of providing for
the prosecution and completion of
the public iuiprovementf*, under-
taken with the sanction of Tarlia-
ment, will form a subject for your
deliberation.

'* It aftbrds me pleasure to bo
able to inform you that the revenue
of the past year has not fallen
short of tfie expectations which
were entertained of its amountt
and I rely on your willingness to
make sut-h provisions for the public
service &a a. due regard to the in-
terests of the pe(jple may require.

"' Honotirahh Gentleman, and
Gentlemen of the hegM^itive Ah-
aemhly, —

" Since your last meeting* the
ancient city of Quebec has been
subjected to unexampled calamity
in the successive fires which laid
waste its buildings. Measures,
rendered indispensable by the
exigency, were adopted by mj pre-

roRY.

[377

► -

;,ly-

^ ft

the

iiM

lire

mo

Kota

But tho

this measure

imd ably ox*

^<^t?d to by

on iho

^)u ij.m^unttod to

loveniniont, by whora
'^l diirinflj tbo debate
Bill in tho House
fre give tbe di>cu-

I ^HRKX S MOST BICELLENT
MAJEBTT.

gmcious Sovereign, —
Majesty V dutiful and
jNu^jeotflp the Commons of Cft-
in ParliAnient asseiuWed, re-
jtfidly beg leave to address your
|eity on a subject of tbe bigbest
ortiitice to tbo inhabitants of
I province.

) We assure your Majesty, tbiit
lo we have seen witli uunihigled
ifaotion the bappiucBa and pro-

spcTttj of the people of this colony
advancing in steady and t^uceessfnl
pmgression under that mot! era to

fom of proteetion of her staple
1 nbictions, grain and timber,
which your Majesty and your Im*
pcrtftl Parliament have hitherto
erraciou^ly secured to theni> wo feel
thftt we should be wanting in our
duty, as well to your Majesty as
to our constituents, did we fail ear-
nestly to repreaeut to your Ma-
jesty that we view with serious
apprehension and alarm, as detri-
merital to the best interests of this
colony, the adoption of the pro-
posed principle of commercial in-
tercourse now under the considera-
tion of the Imperial Parliament.

*' We cannot but fear tbat the
abandonment of this proteetive
piinciple, tbe very basis of the co-
lonial comnii?rcirtl syateni^ is not
only calculated materially to retard
the agricultural improvcniont of
the country, and check its hitberto
rising prosperity, but Beriously to
impair our ability to purchase the
manufactured goods of Great Bri-
tain ; a result alike prejudicial to
this colony arid tbe parent state.

** We feel truly grateful to your
Majesty for enabling us, by gUAran-
teeingtbe payment of 1,500,000/.,
to undertake many valuable public
improvements which are now ap-
proaching to eompletion, and whicb,
under tbe existing laws, would ul-
timate iy prove productive* But
should tbe duties on foreign and co-
hjoiftl produce entering the United
Kingdom bo a.HsimiIated, as at pre-
sent proposeil by your Majesty ^s
Imperial Government, it is much
to be apprehended tbat the agri-
culturists of this province will be
deprived of a fair and remunerative
price for tlieir Burpln^* produce ; and
tbat, consequently, the increase of
our staple products, which was rea-

4

HISTORY.

[379

in the United King
expect aa re-
from a colony
iiucii a distance from
country, and with ports
icrce for so large a
e year. And we the
fly appeal to yf>iir
lice upon tills poiiit,
wo seek in this par-
'ct accordance with
liples upon wliich the
" we deprecate are
'9 to the assurance
-h your Majesty**
rftte» that it is the
lii Mujosty's Govem-
Lijt trade of Canada
respects, approftch as
rfect freedom as the
tlio inhahitant5 and the
of the public revenue
it.
lie the subject that we have
it under the notice of
ijesty embraces other (loints
ig the gravest dehberation^
ing for the most favoura-
ideration on the part of the
,1 authorities I your Majesty*s
Commons have felt it to be
duty to your Majesty, to the
porial Parharaent, and the mo-
country» and to their own con-
sents, to lose no time in at once
hing your Majesty with the
tion of their views upon that
of it embraced in their present
,ddrcss^ and to which » renewing
leir aasuranee of devoted attach-
lent to your Majesty's person and
lovernment, they eameBtly entroaft
^ur Majesty's most gracious and
kvourable consideration.

" Attested, W. B. LiNPaAY,
** Clerk of Aflsembly.

* Legratative Aseembljr, TuMidiiy,
Miy 12th, iB46."

Even if these gloomy forebod-
ings are not real i zed « it is impoa-
sible not to admit that Canada had
just reason for alarm and com-
plaint. The measure of the Bri-
tish Government was a hold de-
parture from the principles of all
former legislation as regards our
colonics^ and however much the
experiment, so loudly clamoured
for by the free-traders in the mo>
ther eoinitry, might benefit the
manufactures there » it was difRcuU
to see how it could operate other-
wise than as a heavy blow and
great discouragement to the in-
terests of Canada, We may bo ,
permitted to express our doubts i
to the wisdom of thus alienating
the good- will of our colonial de-
pendencies, for, whatever may lie
the commercial result of free- trade
mensnres, the political effect un-
doubtetliy has heen to weaken the
bonds which attached Canada to
England.

On the 9th of June, Lord Catli-
cart closed the Session, and pro-
rogued the Provincial Parlianrent
to the 18th of July. HedeUvered
the following Speech : —

** Honourable Gt^ntletnen of ths
Legvilatwe Contwil^ and Gentt^
men oJtk^Le^lative Assembly ^ —

** At this advanced period of the
season I could scarcely have enter-
tained any reasonable expeetation,
that the present Session of Par-
liament could be sufficiently pro-
longed to enahle you to dispose of
the various measures suhmitted to
your deliberation with the atten-
tive consideration due to the highly |
important interests which many of
them involved,

** Your indefatigable attention
to the laboHons duties which have
been impf^sed upon you has, how-
ever, enabled you to consider and

8T»1

ANM'AL REGISTER,

•^ti AwiiiH hmmm mtimj,

i ««1 wiMi «• ttncffm r W
W ^ rasek oC me*-
n»«i vhkli hAv« fer tbeif d1ri««H

pmtc^ttivn to xht> Cmi^iluui etpnit.

tkoM at ffmtm mg^^ In M^ri.
e«ll«f«l |Mirf«illi bnm eitmAur

t^F. who liiro for mauv ;» '^- f-.
Artlled in l»w» nuBilirrB nii iKv

ticm of lUe r
of ihut |K

botli ii* ^
(lie nf tl^

ttlffi ^M tliii

pruad to ^.,,,

BitafurtUTT - •- *

May "
wit 1 1
loif-

Am*

»n*i ',

HISTORY.

[381

the 10th

lypened

with tho

^i^maurabls

ifayiit/nriw
rmmd Gm-
i$tf Anem-

MiiPWiBts for

t lie re

"■ml we to
Ml imHi(*r
.n I havta
for) ever^
it) rcaiiily
irp nil J as*

i.iv of mi fore-

' '' ' flit* to bo

rvest* witli

(a to crop.

. pravinee*

L ujiUxiU^' abundant,

¥mer^ to inform

rwR have been

mn for B€*veraJ

tlliioUMrli tbo decroaii^

ltributi.*il to eapUfloa

jwrmaneot in their

* c^nlciiktcMl to excite

the future auceees of

I of induatrj.

and Gentlemen of
f of A»$mnbl^^ —

^he public accounts, and the
Ates for the cxpeiisc» of tho
ll year, Bhall be submitted to

you with the least possihle delay.
Assured of the generous Bvmpa-
thy of the people of Nova Scotia
for their suiferiDg fellow-subjects
in Canada, I did not hesitate, on
the occasion of the lato extensire
fires at Quebec, to appropriate a
portion of our abundant resources
to the relief of those who had
been visited by such dire calamity
—convinced that, in so doing, I
but anticipated the wishes of those
whom you represent, and that the
measure would meet with your ap-
probation and concurrence.

'* Afr. President and Honourable
Gentlemen of the Legidative
Council ; Mr. Speaker and Geti-
tlemen of the House of Assem-
hly,—

" I am happy to acquaint you
that tho public revenue still con-
tinues in a prosperous state.

** I have received from the Go-
vcnior of Barbadoes a letter ex-
pressive of his grateful apprecia-
tion of your liberality in granting
4,000 dollars for tbo succour of
thoso amongst tbo population of
Bridgetown who wcro reduced to
distress and destitution by the con-
flagration which took place thero
in February last ; and a copy of a
joint resolution, passed by the
Council and Assembly of that
island, which I am sure you will
be proud to place on your journals.

•• The Queen has been gra-
ciously pleased to instruct me to
signify to the Provincial Parlia-
ment Her Afajesty's willingness to
relinquish tho casual and territorial
revenues of the Crown in the co-
lony in exchange for a civil list on
certain conditions, of which 1 will
hereafter api>rise you.

" I have the pleasure to an-
nounce to you that a correspond-

[383

^

lliould circum-

eesarVi demiiad

ae cordial acknowledgments

l^bieh, in Hor Majesty *s name, I

»?€ tlie pleasure to render.

'* Mr. President and Honourable!
Gentlemen of the Leifishitive
Council ; Mr. Speaker and Gen-
tUm^n <yf the Home of A^sem-

*• I cofigmtulate you on the
enactment of several useful laws
to wKieb 1 have just assented.
Among tbeni I regard witlj espe-
cial gratification that by wliicii the
various acta afteuti ng the finances
of the country are amended and
consolidated.

" You will, I am agsiired, con-
sider it your duty, on returning to
jotir counties, to cherish and en-
courage in your fellow-subjects
those sentiments of loyalty and
devotion to your Sovereign by
which your own proceedings have
been guided, and for which the
people of Nova Seotiu have here-
tofore been so honourably diatin-
guiBhcd/*

^f BORNEO. — The enterprising

spirit of an individual Englishman

baa aroused public attention, and

^bltrected it to this remote region of

^HQie earth, wliere events have re-

^Bently occurred which demand a

^^*rief notice in our pages. In the

year 1838, Mr. James Brooke

fitted out from his own funds, un*

assisted by Government or t!ie

public, a schooner of 142 tons, for

the purpose of visiting the shores

of Borneo. He had previously

sailed in the Chinese seas, and his

^benevolout mind had conceived the

dcta that the magnificent is land a

wliieh lie to the south-east of the

Straits of Malacca* and which have

so long been abandoned to the half-

savage tribes, whose pirate pra*
hus infest the waters and para-
lyxe commerce, might be reclaimed
to the uses of civilized existence ;
and that the blessings of Chris-
tianity might bo poured over that
dark f|uarter of the globe. To
accomplish this object it was first
necessary to obtain more accurate
knowledge than we possessed of
the geography as well as the con-
dition of those islands : and Mr,
Brooke *s voyage might be con-
sidered as one of discovery, hav-
ing the specific ends in view of
civilizing some portion, if not the
whole of Borneo, suppressing pi-
racy, and estahliahing commercial
intercourse between that island and
Singiipore. He arrived at Sara-
wak, which is on the north- west
coast of Borneo, in the month of
August, 1839^ and was well re-
ceived by Rajah Muda Hassim, the
uncle of the Sultan of Borneo, and
under him the Governor uf 8a nl-
wak. At that juncture Muda
Hassim was engaged in a war with
ftome rebellious subjects in the in-
terior, which he was unable to
bring to a satisfactory termination.
Mr, Brooke stayed some time at
Sarawak, making himself ac-
tjuainted with the country and its
inhflbitants, and inspiring the
Hajah with feelings of friendly
contidence. He afterwards sailed
to Singapore, but soon returned
to Sarawak, where he found the
civil war still raging ; and Muda
Hassim solicited his assistance,
oifenng to invest him with the
government of Sarawak, if he
succeeded in putting an end to the
rebellion. Mr. Brooke availed
himself of this opportunity for
carrying out his philanthropic
views. Ue joined the Rajah
against the rebels, who were, after
a protracted contest, vanquished

I

3843

ANNUAL REGISTER. 1846. [Banm.

mud compelled to surrender. He
was ihen formallj instituted Rajah
of Saravak, with the usual native
Mtremooiea, and afterwards pro-
ceeded lo the capital of Borneo,
which lie* oa the coast to the north-
«aM of Sarawak* in order to oh*
tasa (he ratiicaftioa hj the Saltan
ef hk aewlj acquired dignity.
ikfUr MOM diekj* the amount of
fw««aiM which waa to he paid hj
Mr. BcgukiK as the Rajah oi
SiarawdL waa settled, aad the
Macttim <if she Sultan was for-
mally tfbtatiMd in a written in-
stnuitiMis, with which Mr. Brooke
retunMd tu she seat of his Go-
vemiutmfi. The frutta ef liis wise
:wi«i pMemal ruin soon appeared,
;imi thii p«Mipltt» prospeffWH and
happy. iHicaiiw wamly
to thuir iMw E^ak.* Gbe
htfwi»v«)r. sumi«a^4 W

;u la»4 ;u\HSM^ )ft* m^y ^^ ^
aiMK-tu»^<Mt j»^ ju^ C*Hi«*«j war,

:U (W «tw,«Mk .« ^ftflMKtt lC<4J.

U. >i. >;. .H»^ .^^^ uMer^ 60
ctHt^< « ^ ><k«Ua^ 04 Malacca
.taM .itw -^^..---^ ^^^^ tor the
:m#|k.<^ ..« ««v%«MUtt(^ trade and

••.*.4 H,*M* ««>iH JA :5ariwak, and

»*^^'»**t»^»^ '>^ Mr. BtxMkcv made
^**^*^ VAwv^irt^ui ^itticiti^ upon the
.»i*.*i^aw*aa v>i aitK)r«at pirate
lmK'^ ^cm4uvikw uictr pcahutf '^^

liW^f ^^Au*. .4ijki4 .ytuttuttitiott. He
s,iK" ^^ ut ::^u^,^||>^tf, intending

\9^ U<» ^%^ ^mcvHHHhfd bv Sir B.
)j«U>Ki« »u d.M;:s sStiiJ^jnuw.
Jk v>m^«>w i1k> v^vKajtth Miak
tUs^tt* -^ -«i«^ roao«»vr!i to the
^u,c4^« ce|HtAi« tit thv ttii^itth of
^:)iu^iL^ l^><4.\ Captain t^ethune
M^«tk iv%m Biiglaud»

and he waa the hearer of a despatdi
from the British GoTemment ap*

S>inting Mr. Brooke Agent of Her
ritannic Majesty in Borneo, and
also a letter addressed to the Sal-
tan of Borneo, in reply to a reqai-
sition which had been sent by the
latter to the British GoTemment,
for assistance in the suppression d
piracy. In the meantime, the
small island of Labuftn, which lies
to the north of Borneo, a short dis-
tance from the capital, had been
ceded by the Sultan to the Queen
of Great Britain^ — with the Tiew of
being occupied as a eonrenient
naTal station, on the high-road fiom
the East Indies to China. Mr.
Brooke proceeded to the town of
Borneo, and had several intenriews
with the Sultan, who gare him a
friendly reception, and seemed sin-
cere in his desire to put a stop to
the piracy of his subjects. There
were, howerer, two parties at the
Court, one of which, headed by
Muda Hassim, was anxious to
conciliate the friendship of the
English, and resolutely averse to
piracy — the other, to which, as the
sequel showed, the weak and im-
becile Sultan either inclined or was
forced to yield, were our enemies,
and false and hollow in their pro-
fessions. Mr. Brooke then sailed
to Singapore, and soon afterwards
accompanied Admiral Sir Thomas
Cochrane on board H.M.S. Agin-
e%fmri. together with several other
vessels of war, including steamers,
back to the capital of Bomoo. The
object of this visit on the part of
Sir T. Cochrane, was to demand
reparation for the detention and
confinement of two British subjects.
Thb act was disowned by the Sul-
tan« and the residence of the real
otfender« Paageran Usop, was de-
stroyed« as he refused to surren-
der. The Admiral then proceeded

Bom^lT;

TOR

[385

eewnat a strong bodj of jiirateB,
who occupied a fortified ]x>sition a
few miles up the river, at the head
of Mnludtt Bay. The force de-
tached from the ships on this ser-
vice conai&ted of 546 mofi, under
the comraand of Captain Talliot ;
and on the 19th of August, 1845,
they ascended the river in gun-
hohtB and other small craft, and, in
the face of a well-atistaiued lire
from eleven guns, cut through a
strongly constructed boom, laid
across the stream, which prevented
the passage of the boats. They
then carried and totally destroyed
the works and town, the pirates
who oecopied it having ahandoned
it and tied into the interior, when
they found that the boats had
passed the boom, In this gallant
action our loss consisted of six
killed, and fifteen wounded.

This lesson, though a severe
tne, did not produce any lasting
lect ; and in the early part of the
esent year the conduct of the
ultan of Borneo was such as to
down upon htm and his capital
_ ' punishment. Acting under
the advice of chiefs who were hos-
tile to Muda Uassim, and those
who advocated a peaceful policy,
he caused an attack to he trea-
lerously made at night upon both
is imcles, Miida Ilassim and Bun-
dureen, in their own houses, wlien
they were slain, together with a
great number of their families
and dependents* He then imme-
diately began to increase the
strength of his fortifications ; and
it was evident that he was in-
fluenced by an insane delusion that
he might be able to set at defiance
any British force which his conduct
might provoke to attack l\im,

fbout this time, Commander Egcr-
n, in II. M.S. Hazard^ was
nt by Sir Thomas Cochrane
Vol. LXXXVllL

he
Khe

to reconnoitre Borneo ; and a
treacherous attempt was made to
induce that officer to enter the
capital, where there was every rea-
son to believe it had been resolved
to put him to death. On account of
these threatening tvniptoms, Sir
Thomas Cochrane determined to
ascend the river to the city of
Brune, the capital of Borneo Pro-
per, and demand an ex]jlflnatioQ
from the Sultan of his con-
duct. He hoisted his flag on board
H . M. S . Spiteful, on the 7 th of J uly ,
accompanied by Mr. Brooke, and
taking in tow the Hazard and the
Itoyalist (Mr, Brooke's schooner),
and preceded by the steamer Fkh
ijethon, ascended the river, At^
Palo Bungone five fort^ had been
erected to dispute the passage, and
these opened a spirited fire upon
the vessels ; but our gun-boats soon
caused it to slacken, and when the
crews were landed the garrison
abandoned the battened and fled*
These forts were afterwards de-
stroyed, A heavy battery had been
erected H Jleur tVemi about 800
yards from the river, which pointed
towards a bend which it made be-
tween the forts and the city. Sir
Thomas Cochrane says in his des- i
patch, that '* no sooner did the*
ships open the point, than the bat-
teries commenced a sharp and ex-
tremely well-directed fire, and at
the same time a play of musketry
from the woods on our right, and
to which the Spiteful was obliged ,
to submit without retaliation. The"
critical situation in which she wasl
placed (with the beach hut a fei
yards beyond her paddle boxes, the
Eoifalist m tow, and the boata
filled with the whule of tho landing
force) required the utmost silence
and attention to prevent the whole
been thrown on shore. But the
PUeyjethcn very promptly returned
\2 V]

"V.

[387

Zealand w..Wo1-;;^^

,i prosperity <rt ^„„.

i,en iKoy were wBomb ea.

tJth of D<^<^'^«'^A,Xuo««g
•ddresBod ttem in *« *»"

■j«ch ; —
" aentU.un of th. LegUUO^

.• I WeassemUtatlbc
'•ly period after mj ft" .^^^„.

loT^j^, for *»'« rtcU ft Bi»^ ^"^
»Vvic\T»g into tli".^" ypon ll«e """

VO^"«-«.tVm and *<»' ,ii^<5 8U.IC8-
V^^-vder.andolbcr;" .^^^„^i„„ to

*» It is ttot '*^ titer \cg<9-
^«V>va\t at prcBcnt .^^ ^„„siJcra.
\'^Vxve measures t«r ^^^^ ^^^ ^^.
tioT. ; indeed, no' "^^^.i^y „t H^c

ti ; indeed. ""' i nccesMty ot llic
*tne«rgeney^f induced me *«

^^AortW aft*'' i,voT>oac«l any »*

V^tcllot- V'«*':r he colony. -^^^^^^
^ave made ^' „„„erotnts ft c

«^"'^' »nt» and r^-»«"^"lt condi-

and.]

HISTORY.

[389

sent
■rItc

I feel most deeply impressed

ilh the magnitude and tlifticulty

tlie task wliicb lias devalvcd

upon me ; and 1 must in the pre-

_seDt crisis look, not ooly to your-

Jtcs, but to the inhabitants of

Sew Zealand generally, for confi-

Dce and active assiatance.

You may rely that mj solo

aim and objeet shall be to settle

Bure and lasting basis the

I of yourselves and of your

and to give effect to her

'*B wiae and benevolent de-

tbe peace and happiness

of all her Majesty's aiibjectii in this

interesting portion of her empire,

and upon which the regards of so

Inrge a portion of tlie civilized

world are now anxioutily fixed."

The new Governor immediately
adopted active meaaurea against
|lhe refractory ntitive chiefs. On
LIS arrival at the Bay of Islands,
he found that negotiations were
pending lietween his predecessor
and them ; but as these , seemed
likely to leatl to no good result,
aod the chiefs were preparing for
ofTensive operations, be demiinded
an immediate answer to the pro-
posals of Captain Fitzroy. Furtlicr
delay taking place» the Governor
broke off the negotiation, and forth-
with commenced hostilities. On
the 1 4th of Decemher, a body of
about 1,100 men, consisting of sol-
diera and sailors, assisted by a
nmraber of friendly chiefs and their
[tribes, marched under th*:; com-
Imand of Colonel Pespard against
the strongly fortified pah or camp
of Kawiti, one of the rebel chief-
tains. Colonel DeBpard^a first care
iwas to erect two stockades in front
©f the pah» upon which he mounted
his artillery.
During the construction of the
works, shells and mckets were
thrown into the pah ; btit the de-

N

cisive attack occurred on the lOthl
and lltb of January » *' On the
morning of the 10th/* tn quote
the narrative of Colonel Despard,
•* our advanced batteries being
completed^ — (one within 350 yards,
and the second about 160 yards
off the pah) — a general fire wa
commenced from all the guns,*
with the view of opening a breach
into the place ; and several rockets
were thrown into it at the same
time, for the purpose of driving
the enemy out. The fire was
kept up with little intermission
during the greater part of the
day ; and towards evening it waa
evident that the outer works on
those parts against which the fire
was directed were nearly all giving
way ; but the numerous Btockadea
inside, crossing the place in dif-
ferent directions, and composed
of much stronger timbers, were
scarcely touched. Towards even-
ing our fire slackened, and was
only continued occasionally during
the night, to prevent the enemy
attempting to repair the breaches
that had been made. On the fol-
hjwing morning, the 1 1 th, no per-
son being observed moving within
the pah, a few of our native allies,
under a chief named William
Waka, a brother of Tomaiti Waka
Nene, w*ent up to the place, for
the purpose of observing whether
or not the enemy had evacuated it.
This party entered the breach un-
opposed ; which being perceived
from the nearest battery, a party
of 100 men of the troops, under
Captain Denny, was pushed up
rapidly, and, together with the
natives, gained the inside of the
stockades before they were per-
ceive<i by the enemy, who at the
time were sheltering themselves
from the fire of our gims on a
sloping piece of ground in on© of

CHRONICLE.

CHRONICLE.

JANUARY, 1840.

* A ^lA'lM^rR TheatrkaL!=?.

O • 2x — ^i' i * t* il i s ti ngai sli e dli t e-
rati whose ailjnira1>le performance
of Johnscni*3 Everif Man in his
Ilumaui% is recorded in our Chro-

icle for 1845, p. 145, tliis uii^lit

resented Fletelier's comedy* The

r Brother^ at the St. James's

lieatre, for the benefit of the

uch esteemed actrcsf%» Mis^Kellv*
The comedy went off cxecodlngly
vrelL Mr. Forster a» Charles,

e Elder Brother, Mr» Charles

ickens as Eustace^ the younger,
Mr. }iUiv\ Lernoii an the uncle,
and Mr, Douglas Jerroid as the
•ervant Andrew, deserved and ob-
tained much applause- The ama-
teurs phayed, as an afterpiece, the
farce of ComforUthle hoihjinfjs , in
which Mr. C. I J ickens, as Hu* IJip-
jnugton Mif\ proved himself a
lirst rate farceur. The other cha-
racter!^ were capitally Huslained by
Megsrs. Murk Lenion, Forster»
Stone, Leech, George UruikshaFdi,
and Wells. In cmulntioii of the
Authors, the Artists ^ot up a re-
presentation on bolmlf of the Art-
ists' Benevolent Fund» which, un-
like moBt imitations, met witJi great
success. The play chosen was
Morton's comedy, 77* e? School of
Ilefortn. As mi«<ht be anticipated,

VuL. LXXXVllL

the characieifl were admirably
costumed. The principal and most
difficult part, Tuki^ was played
with a degree of power and pathos
that would have established the
reputation of an actor by profes-
sion, and with an air of natural-
nes.«i that only spontaneous feel-
ing and hiiitnonic skill combined
can produce. The audience were
taken quite bysur[)nse; and, but
that the person of Mr. Topham,
the water-colour pninter, was well
known, it might have been sup-
potted that an actor of celebrity
hud been engage<l to fill lb in itu-
purtant part. The Yorkshire dia-
lect, ami the hulf-clownislu hnlf-
fiWrtggeriug niarmor of the cunning
counti*y knave, were admirably
well uabumed ; and the alterna-
tions of roguish cunning and re-
morse were expressed with liomely
truth. Mr. Tojdjani has not suf-
iicient physical ])ower to give full
etiect to his conception ; but what
his personation wanted in force
was supplied by feeling: his ex-
pression of the jigonir.ing tortures
of mind that choke the uttemncc
of 7)fki't niid make him writhe
with anguish, was intense without
rant. /I he wild, frantic burst r>f
joy, dashed with shame, with which

^

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

he recognises bis father, was finely
given : this scene between the
father and son being made im-
pressive by the admirable acting
of Mr. Do<lgson as the old man.
General Tarragon was the best
supported of the other characters :
Mr. Hall played th« part capitally,
and looked as red and as hot as a
capsicum. Mr. Hammcrton also
made the ridiculous character of
Ferment amusing. The little farce
of A Day Well Spent followed;
and the evening's performances
were concluded by the Extrava-
ganza Bombastcs Furioso^ in which
George Cruikshank, as Bouibasies^
gave great amusement.

— Floods ix Wai^s. — In con-
eeqaence of the heavy rain the
aspect of the count rv adjacent to
llie rivers Wye and Lugg dunng this
week was such as has not been wit-
fiessed for 14 years ; indeed the ex-*
traordinary fiood is only compar-
able to one that occurred half a
centurj' ago, in the year 1795,
when the bridges at the Hay were
earned down the torrent. The
obstruction of property was im-
mense. Over the wide extent of
the Lugg meadows was spread
a vast sheet of water, presenting
the appearance of a great sea,
and the river itself being, as it
were, lost in the expanse of ocean.
Nothing could be more dreary than
the aspect ; whilst not a head of
the stock usually depasturing in
»uch numbers in that well irri-
gated locality was anywhere to
£e seen. On the banks of the
Wye the destruction of property
was very serious. At Horn Church
24 sheep were swept away, at
Lower Bullingham 34 ; at Pen
40 fine ewes, at Glasbury 20
Bbeep, at Pistil 15, at Builth 35,
at the Maine 17, at Lanemvnech
nearly 100. Near Bewdley 2,500

oak, elm, and fruit trees were
destroyed by the high winds.

— Fatal Fire. — A fire, which
was attended with disastrous con-
sequences to both life and property,
took place early this morning upon
the premises occupied by Mrs.
Prjor, a laandress, situate at 23,
Cambridge Place, JuncUon Road.
A police constable, on going his
rounds, observed an unusual light
in the first floor of the building,
which induced him to raise the
tlaroi of fire ; but unfortunately
it was some time before the in-
mates could be roused from their
fllambers, and not until the flames
were bursting through the front
windows, as well as up the stair-
case, with the greatest impe-
tuosity. The engines haviag
speedily arrived, the fire was got
under. For some time it was ima-
gined that all the parties had made
a safe retreat from the premises;
but a discovery of a most melan-
choly character was made upon
the ground of the back parlour.
On examination it was found that
two human beings, man and wife,
named Wane or Ward, who rented
a room, had perished in the flames,
their remains being so mutilated
that no likeness was discernible.

— Addresses to Heb Ma-
jesty. — The Queen held a Court
and Privy Council, at Windsor
Castle, to receive the Addresses
of the CoqH>rations of London and
Dublin.

The deputation from the city
of London comprised the Lord
Mayor, the Sherifis, seven Alder-
men, and one hundred and ten
Common Councilmen, wiUi the
Recorder and other pnucipal city
ofiiccrs, who went in their respect-
ive state carriages. They alighted
at the grand entrance, and were
conducted to the Waterloo Cham-

I
I

(

ber, where Uiejr w^re ei^tertaiaed

with a siimptuoug coUatlon,

The preateiUatiiju took place in
tbo Throne Hqohi* lier Mnjcsty
and Prince Albert were contlucted
ia state by the Lord Steward and
the Vicc-CUaniberkin. The Queen
took her scat on tha thrunc ;
Prince Albert stood an her right
hand, with the Lord btuward, Sir
Robert Peel, Sir JameiS (iroham,
and the Earl of Dailiou.sie ; oji the
left stood the Viee-l'hamberkin
and the Duke of Wellington ; other
Cabinet Ministers and ofHeerBof the
household were ranged on cither
side. The Lord Mayor of London
and the deputation were intro-
dueed by the Gentlemen Ushers;
and the Keeonler read this Ad-
dress—

** Most Graciotia Sovereign, —
Wo, your Mnjeaty^a roost dutiful
and loyal subjects, the Lord Mayor,
Ahlernmn, and Commons of tlio
City of London, ia Oiminjon Coun-
cril assembled T hiunbiy approach
jour Royal person respectfully to
represent to your Maje!^ty,

** That greats powerfuh and
wealthy as this nation is, by far
the lorgeist jKirtion of your Ma-
jesty V subjects in Ireland, and a
great portion of your Majesty's
subjects in England, Scotlfind, and
Wales, have long been reduced,
lor their principal food, to pota-
toes.

** That all clitsaee, but especi-
ally the poor, have been and nrc
great sulferers from this residt of
the national economy.

*• That the blight which has
fallen upon the potato has subjected
your Majesty's people to great
anxiety and distress, and to the
danger of famine.

** That their suffering« arc at-
tribn table to erroneous legislation,
irhieh» by excluding the importa-

tion of food, and restricting com*
mcree, shuts out from the nation
tho bounty of rrovidenco. We
therefore humbly pray that your
Majesty will bo gracinu^ly pleai^ed
to use the means in your Majef*ty*a
power to open tho ports of this
lijn«^dom for the free importation
of food."

Having received the Address,
Iler Majesty returned the follow-
ing gracious Answer : —

'* The motives which have in-
duced you to present this Addrcaa
are duly appreciated by mo. The
wants and sufferings of my people
at all times command my wai-mest
sympathy ; and 1 deeply regret the
failure in the present year of a full
supply of an article of food on which
so many of my subjects are aceua-
tomed to subsist,

** I have directed Parliament to
assemble on an early day ; and 1
shall gladly sanction any measure
which the wisdom of tho legishv-
turo may suggest as conducive to
the alleviation of this temporary
distress, and to the permanent wel-
fare of all classes of my people, "

The Lord Mayor and the senior
Alderman, with the mover and
seconder of the address, were per-
mitted to kiss the Queen's hand ;
and the deputation retired.

Tho reception of the Dublin de-
putation, which reached the Castle
a (junrter of an hour later, was
precisely sinvikr. The deputation
comprised the Lord Mayor, Mr.
Thomas Revnolda, the Marshal of
Dublin, Mr/C. P. Shannon. Town-
Councillor, and six ofHcers of the
Corporation, The Lord Mayor
then read a very long and elo-
fpient address respecting the state
of destitution to be expected in
Ireland, and the necessity for as-
sistance from national resources.

Her Majesty haying received the
B 2

JAN.]

C H R O N I C L

Cavalry. Infantiy.

20

18

1Q

10

Undtr 5 years' ictual ser*

vice.. 30

After 5 years' actual ser-
vice, wiih one diatin-

^ifhing mark. ^

After 7 years* actual ser-
vice, wiih one diMlu-

gubhing mark,.. 15

Alter IQ vcmfh' attunl^

service, with two djA- |

tingui^hing mark^ ; or \
After 12 years' actual ('

senjee. witli one di^ j

lincui*liing mark J

Alter 12 years* actual']

service, tvitli twu dift- |

tingui^^luugoiarks; or I
After 1-1 }ears* service, f

with one diitiiigui.sh- |

Ing mark ...,....,. J

After J 4 years' fter\iee,

with twa dtatinguiah-

ing marks ; or.........

Afler 1(1 years' ferticOi f

with one di&tiiituish- i t t , ^

ingmrk 1 ' "f •*•'•" day,

IHer \h yearis' actuap

service, wiih three dis*

linguishingf marks ; or
After 16 years* aclud

fcrnce. willi two di&-

liQ((Uubiug: markj,

hsvioi^ possessed the

■eccmd at least twelve

months...... ...,,J

The reraaining artk-les ma oe-
ciijHcd in detuiliiig tlio rcgulatiuna
unili*r which these gratuities, goud
coiRliict pay, itc, shall be forfeited
or reetorod; or the period of ser-
vice necessary to confer ri title to
them 111 eertaifi degrees abridged:
and the warrant concliidess by de-
claring, that ** soldiers who were
present at the battle of Waterloo
hball be allowed to reelcoii two
years in addition to aetiial service;
and thfise enlisted before Decem-
ber, 1820, sliall be ulbwed to
reckon throe years for two of
actual service, after the age of
eighteen, in East and West Indies
(In other than West India regi-
ments).'*

Free.

Free, wilh the
right of re-
gistry for de-
ferred f>en&ioti

Free, with the
right of re-
ffialry for de-
Jetred petisioti
of &/, a day.

6. ROBBERV AT AN lIOTEt,

Central Criminal Court, — Charl
Bowen, aged 22, waiter, am
George Lake, aged 22 ^ waiter,
w*ere Intlieted for stealing a Bank
of England note of the value
5\\Lt and various other notes, al
together of the value of 150/., the
moneys of the Rev. WiUtmu Prieo
Lewis; atid .Tuhn Dnncoek, ag<
22, waiter, and George Bates, agi
26, jeweller, were indicted for fe
loniously receiving t lie money, well
knowing that it had been stolen

The jirisoners Lake and Eowe;
were engaged as waiters at th(
Trafalgar Hotel, Charing Cross,
the former having been employed
for tiiiie months, and the latter for
as many weeks, at the periml the
robbery was committed, which was
on the 28th of November last joar.
At that time the proseentor, who
is a elergnnan residing in Wales,
was staying in the hotel,, and on the
day in question he went to the l>ank-
ing-houseof Messrs. Glyn, Ilallifax
and Co., and received change for
a check for 150/., obtaining in
payment ono note for 50?., and the
rcmaimler in notes for 101. and
51. each. The prosecutor upon his
return to the hotel rolled up the
notes and placed them in his port-
manteau; and be then wetit out,
and on bis return at night he dis-
covered that his portmanteau had
been opened, and that the whole of
the money had heen abstracted.
The next morning the prosecutor
gave information of his loss, but
for Home time no el ue was obtained
as to the pei-jietrators of the rob-
bery. It was soon discovered that
D uncock had been negotiating tbo
stolen notes, and as he >vas known
to he well acquainted with Bowen,
the latter was arrested. Upon this
taking place, the prisoner Lake
became in so excit«Hl a state that

al^V
the 1
rieo^J

^ed^

II

CHRONICLE.

lig his establishmoiit. He
that as the guilty parties
pros^cnt iiistant-e bat! been
properly prosecuted to cun^
f such a reault woulft not
but still be was bound to
[lit all tbe circumstanced of
iwe: aiitl, as the object of
iffiient was to ilelc^ others
i ibo coaiTiiis8imt of a similar
be must take care to pa53
eiKJO ca kill a ted to bavo such
feet. It might be very tni6
llAt Lake had been induced by
[iwc^n to commit tbi' tjtfcmHv, but
was also clear tliat after liuTiuiaf
► lor ft considerablo time in tbo
of a kitid and indulgent
ho bad very readily entered
tolO a plan to euminit a robberj to
a large nmaimt upon ono of ibe
gumi^ in bis bouse. Under all
ci re mil stances, be felt eom-
elled to order the prisoner Bowen
be transported for 15 jears,
ako fur 1(1 years, and Duncoek
lod Dates for 14 years,

7. The Frencti is Alglers, —
Pbo Frorif/b journals contain an
Cooiint of a brillifltit advantage
rer tbe indoniitabie Abd-eLKader
person by General Jussuf.
•* On reacUinj:^ tbe valley of the
F^mdaf General Jussuf wa^ soon
tbe ira^'o of the euemy, who
j^B% raised bis camp. The
" I cavalry of tbe Emir bad
feedod in one direction, and
lis bagu^ftge In another. U enteral
Jttj*9of resolved to attack tbelatton
portion of the baggage waf*
eady in tbe bands of the jair-
Dors, when the Emir pret^ented
timaolf on tbe loft, at tbo bead of
|fOO or 8(Hi regular cavab*y, who
ottod up in excellent array. Ge-
eral Jussuf immediately charged
hem. with about 450 elmsseurs,
^d'armef, and spaJiis, who were
tjfrived with a niurderoua firo of

musketry when they came within
50 y a rd s of tbe en e ni y , T b« lat tei*
opjjosed an obstinate resialancc ;
tljey were, bowevef, &oon put to
iliglrt> but rallied at some diaiance
from tbe field, ronnd tbe white
banner of Ahd-el-Kader* Tbe
French cavalry again attacked
tbem in thai po*«ition« and again
routed tbem wjib considerable loss,
Ihiring ihiii s**eond engao'einent
the Emirs horse waii killed, and
bis men were seen to gather round
bim and place bira on anothei-
borsc. Tbo fugitives then took a
third position, from which they
were driven with the sanie intre-
pidity, Abd-el-Kador ultimately
retreated^ leaving in the haud^ of
the Freneb bis killed, wounrled,
bor.^es, tents, and baggage. Tbe
dirtieult nature of tbo coimtry, and
the great distance wliicb separated
bim from the MarsbaEs infantry, did
not ailow General Jossuf to derive
more advantage from his victory.'*

This advantage, however, was
more than outweighed by a pain-
ful disaster wbieh occnrred to the
column of General Levasficwr. re-
sembling tbe retreat from Moscow
on a i^mall seafe. The General
had issued from Constantina to
chastise the tribes of t!te MoU'
aiSMa and Ouled Adjajs ; bis opera-
tiouisi consisted of a succcBvsion of
butelieries, burning, nizrng of
houses, cutting down the fruit IreeSi
in short completely depopulating
and devastating the entire districts
Retribution, however, was in store
for these savage warriors.

** On tbe ^od tbe weather sud-
denly changed, snow fell in abund-
ance, and covered the ground
to a considerable depth. la the
nioniing of tbe 3rd it ceased to
fall, and 1 deemed it prudent
to quit tbo mountains without
deh^y, and retwn to Constantina.

CHRONICLE.

9

ever, remained liehind.

or eighteiJii entert'd the

ion their return ; one of

^lieutenant, subsequently

llDio RoRBERY. — Central
Courf.— Thomas *Smitlip
Bty-four, was indicted for
bcinimitted a rohlierj, ac-
Batik'd with violenee, upon Tho-
iPtiilUps, and steoliuji^ a lUL
ole, bis property ; am! Anne
tgcnl thirty, dei^L-ribed as a
" woman, was charged with
Botisly roeeiving the note» kmiw-
; to have been stolen,
iinciii Galloway deposed, that
be niglit of Suudfty» the 14th
comber, nho wan Uviug in the
I of a Mr. Ilamhlin, near Cray-
Head, Caniber-WLdl, and about
^t o'elot'k in the evening^, upon
11^ a knoek at the door, blic
to open it» and found tlie
|*n<*ouer standing outside with a
Jotter in his hand, which he re-
fqttested her to deliver to the lady
Df the house. She at*ked him
whom the letter came from, and
he replied that it was all riii^ht.
"l She hesitated at taking the letter,
' and the prisoner threatened to
' shoot her if she did not^ and at
' the &arne moment produced what
I Appeared to lie a pii^tol from hiss
coat-pocket, and under the terror
of his threats she consented to
take the letter, and went up stairs
with it to the drawing-room, leav*
ing the prisoner standing in the
pai*sage, A gentleman named Plnl-
lipa, who happened to be in the
house at the time, having read the
letter, which contained a threat of
violence if money were not ^jiveii,
eanie down stairs and asked the
prisoner what ho meant by endea-
vouring to extort mono}'': ho re-
jdied, tliat if he did not imme-
diately give him 10/. he would

call in his men, wlio were standing
outside, and they would plunder
the house. When the jirisouer
said this he pulled a horse-pistol
from one pocket and a dagger
from the other, and Mr. Fhillips
then gave him a lU?* note* The
prisoner then went away, and as
he was going out of the door he
tohl Mr. Phillips that if ho dared
to follow him, or to make any
alarm, he would inimediately slmot
him.

Mrs. Catherine Hamhliu spoke
to the same facts, and ^Le like-
wise produced the letter referred
to, and stated that before Mr,
PhJllipf* interfered she had at-
tcjujited to leave the house, but
the prisoner, who had a pistol in
his hand, prevented her from do-
ing so.

Mr, Thomuj^ Phillips gave the
same aeconnt of the transaction* and
{stated that be was solely induced
to give the prisoner the 1 OL from a
fear of violence,

A police constable proved tlie ap-
prehension of the prisoner Smith,
and to *?how the guilty knowledge
on the part of the woman it was
proved that she had changed the
slolen note at a pawrjhroker's to re-
deem a watcli, and had purchased
a rjuantit>^ of new wearitig appnrel;
and it likewise appeared that tjhe
and the prisoner hved together as
man aiid wife.

The female prisoner, in her de-
fence, declared that although she
and the other prisoner went by
ditferent namef*p she was really his
wife, and that they were married at
Northampton, She adnntted that
she had changed tlio stolen note,
but she &aid her husband gave it to
her and told her to do so, and she
did not think there was any harm
ill it.

Mr. Justice Erie having sumraed

ji

12

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

extent than 2,000?. It defies all
notions of analysis, and is a sort
of stupendous postscript to the
return recently issued of all sub-
scribers to railways beyond 2,000?.
Irrespectively of the many thou-
sands who hold largely in esta-
blished lines, the return includes
upwards of twenty thousand sub-
scribers to the lines and branches
of last session alone, subscribing to
the extent of 21,386,703?. 6«. 4d,
Amongst the names are to be
recognised many of the leading
nobility, the largest manufactur-
ing firms, and names familiar to
most people as connected with the
commerce and literature of the
country. The juxtaposition of
names and descriptions presents
some remarkable contrasts; the
same columns presenting a com-
bination of peers and printers,
vicars and vice-admirals, spinsters
and half-pays, M.P.s, and special-
pleaders, professors and cotton-
spinners, gentlemen's cooks and
Q.C.s, attorneys* clerks and col-
lege-scouts, waiters at Lloyd's, re-
lieving officers and excisemen,
barristers and butchers, Catholic
priests and coachmen, editors and
engineers, dairymen and dyers,
braziers, bankers, beer-sellers, and
butlers, domestic servants, footmen,
and mail-guards; with a multitude
of other callings unrecorded in the
Book of Trades.

— Rating of Prince Albert's
Farm. — The authorities of the
parish of Windsor, having claimed
to rate the Flemish Farm, oc-
cupied by Prince Albert, his
Royal Highness resisted the claim,
claiming to be exempt on the
ground that it was a royal property
in royal occupation, and much
*ling was displayed by some
>s in consequence. The case
submitted, on behalf of the

Prince, to eminent legal authori-
ties, whose opinion was entirely
in favour of his Royal Highness 's
view. Upon this the parochial
authorities presented a very hum-
ble address, admitting the non-
liability of the farm, apologizing
for the observations which had
appeared in the public prints, and
soliciting his Royal Highness 's
consideration to the hardships to
which the parish is liable in con-
sequence of the exemption of so
considerable a property. To this
address the following reply was re-
ceived:—

" Windsor Castle, Jan. 14.

'* Sir, — I am commanded by his
Royal Highness Prince Albert to
acknowledge the receipt of the
memorial which you have for-
warded to me from the parish
officers of Windsor, and in reply
to state, that when a claim was
preferred for the payment of rates
by the Prince on account of the
Flemish Farm, and when the
legal liability of the Prince was
insisted upon by the vestry, his
Royal Highness felt himself pre-
cluded from admitting such a
claim without previous 'consulta-
tion with the highest legal authori-
ties.

** His Royal Highness sub-
mitted the whole facts of the case
to the Attorney and Solicitor-
General of Her Majesty, and sub-
sequently to Sir Thomas Wilde.
Their opinion was, that his Royal
Highness was not liable, in point
of law, to the pajment of rates,
and that the admission by him of
such liability might constitute a
dangerous precedent, affecting the
prerogatives of the crown.

•* In the letter which I ad-
dressed to you on the 15th of De-
cember, I informed you * that his

JAK.]

C II R O N I ( L i:.

18

' Koyal Uighness had no digpoai-
tion to rcaiiit nny claim that could
in fairness be made upon hinr,
whatever might be the legal obli-
gations/ I have now to irifonii
you, on the part of bis lluyal
Higbnesa, tliat if the paroebial au-
I thorities bad continued to uisist
I upon the payment of the dcraand,
jtnade as a matter of le<^^al riglit,
hh Royal Hii*'hnes« would liave felt
himself eoniptilled, by a iienf^e of
the duty which ho owes to Her
I Majesty, to resist the claim. You
have informed his Royal Uigbness
that the vestry of Windsor has
passed resolutions of which the fol-
lowing^ are copies: — -
, ** ' T[iat the vestry extremely
I regrets tbat the resolutions in re-
ference to the rating of his Royal
Highness Prince Albert, passed at
the vestry meeting lield on the
18th of September last, should
have been so carrle^l, inasmuch as
this meeting is now fully aware
that hift Royal Highness is not in
any way liable to be rated for
Flemish Farm ; and tbat this
vestry deprecates the garbled state-
ine:nta set forth in the puhlle
jonmalfi on the subject/ Again,
— * That, innsiuueh as the main-
tenance of the poor presses heavily
on the parishioners, a respectful
n^emorial be now pre^^ented to bis
Royal Highness, praying liim to
take the state of the parish into
his gracions consideration, and
that such memorial be prepared and
presented by the parish ofticerri.'

** Ills Royal Higbnes54 infers
from these resolutions that the
vestry distinctly admits that bis
Royal Highness is not in any way
liable to bo rated for the Flemish
Farm ; and bis Royal Highness
feels himself at liberty to take the
<«ourse which is most satisfactory
to his own feelings, and to pay as

a voluntary contribution, a sum
equal to the rate which would have
been annually due had the legal
liability of his Royal Highness
been cstahlisbed.

*' H is also his Royal Highnesses
intention that the payment of the
sum referred to shouhl commence
from the year 1841. — 1 have tlio
honour to be, Sir, your faithful and
obedient servant,

*' fl. K, Ax«o.v."

" Hi^nry Dan ill, Ewj/'

14. ExTItAORIHNARY MollTALrTY,

—An incjuest was held at Bilston,
before Mr. T. Jf* Phillips, coroner,
on the body of Joseph Revell Pitt,
a chihi about two years and two
months old, who bad died from lo.s8
of blood under the following ex-
traordinary circumstances r— Mary
Ann Pilt dcpo.s^d that she is tlio
wife of Joseph Pitt, a tin-plate
worker, residing in Temple l^^treet,
in tliat town, and mother of the
deceased child, who had been in
pci'fect health up to Saturday last.
About 1 o*clock on that afternoon
be was playing about a eliair, auil
began to elimh up the hack of it ;
the chair overbalanced and fell with
the child to the ground. She
raised him np, but could not per-
ceive that he was hurt any where,
e^ccepting on the lower lip antl the
upper gum, both of wlilch were
bnii.sed a little. He did not ap-
pear to be in n^ncb pain, and soom
began to jilay again. About fi
6 'clock in the evening she had htr
tea and gave her child some, upfin
which slie perceived that the upper
gum bled a little. She and her
luotber took the child to Mr. I^ick-
enson, snrge(>n, w!io dressed ilu*
gum^ and the bleeding ceased for
about an hour; but about 8 o'clock
it commenced again, am! con-
tinued to bleed ail night. About
11 the next morning she again

10

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1S46

Up, the jary acquitted the female
prisoner, and returned a verdict of
gdiltj against Smith.

The learned Judge having com-
mented upon the very aggravated
eharactor of the offence of which
the prisoner had heen convicted,
sentenced him to he transported for
life.

Alfred Jones was subsequently
arrested and charged as accessory
*0 this robbery. Some days after
the robbery a letter was sent threat-
ening a repetition of the visit ; this
letter was in the same hand as
that presented by Smith, and was
identified as the writing of Jones,
who was known to be an associate
of Smith. He was tried and proved
to have kept watch about the house
while S mi til committed the robbery,
convicted and transported.

10. Fall of a Viaduct. —
About six o'clock in the morning
a fearful noise, which was heard
ai9 far as Pavilly, aroused the in-
habitants ut" l>arentin, through
whi^h villnge the railway now iu
eonstrui'tion between Rouen and
Havre passes. The twenty-eight
piUars which supported the arches
of the viaduct which at that place
Mpan the vallov tlirough which the
river St. Austreberthe flows, fell
(»no after the other, and almost
instantaneously. If these enor-
mous pillars bad not providentially
fallen in a Htniii;;bt line, had they
falltMi but a few yards to either
ildo, a great number of persons
must havi* been destroyed in their
sleep. One detached building only,
a oorn-mill, was destroyetl by the
talUng nniss. The rirer St. Aus-
treberthe, which runs beneath the
viaduet- ♦••'"ed fnmi its course by
|l >)ria1s, flooded the

r side, and the ma-
lted upon its banks
uct, and which are

worked by that streaaf, irere stid^
denly brought to a stand-still. The
viaduct was eommeficed m the
spring of 1844, since which trtae
between 200 and 300 workmea
have been daily employed upon it ;
it was not quite completed at the
time of its destmetion. It was
composed of twenty-seven briak
arches, each preseTHing a sptfB of
fifteen metres, and supported by
twenty-eight pillars, likewise of
brick, each of which was fotfr me-
tres thick. The greatest clevatioa
was thirty-two metres. The eiitire
length of the work was 500 metres.
The disaster is attributed to de-
fective materials and bad workmal^
ship, further deteriorated by the
effect of the wet and frost upcvn the
mortar. The loss will faU upob
the contractors.

— The Railway MAyiA.-^The
uncontrollable madness for speoti-
lating in railway shares, which pro-
duced such an unheard-of nutiiber
of schemes towards the close of
last year, the Bills for which are
to come before Parliament during
the present sessioti, now began to
produce its inevitable fruits, and
the fortunate (t) holders of scrip
became aware of the awful lia-
bilities they had incurred. The
effects upon the money market and
upon trade were very depressing!
and the public organs were earn-
estly engaged in discussing the
means of meeting and avoiding the
peril. The following extract frote
the city article of the Timei will
convey a good impression of the
general feeling : —

•* The chief matter which is
regarded at this time aa a oload
over the money market is the lodg-
ment of the 10 [ler cent, on rail-
way capital with the Accountant-
Oeneral, which, according to the
standing order, must be mude within

J Air.]

CHRONICLE.

11

ntrtn days from th«^ assembling of
Paflramenf, und tnmseqtiently h
due on the '29ih of this month, less
than three week?* dislnnt. When
the Qhstraetion of rnilliOTrs at one
lime from the circiilntioti is tho
point at t^sim, t\m is a Tcry short
time for prepnnition, nnd ret it
may be nsf^ofted, on ihc best an-
thorrty, that as yd no arrangement
for the piirprt.se h mntle, tlic officers
of the Crown deelinin)^ to snnetimi
any deviation from tlio mode di-
rected bj the Act of making the^e
payments. In vain has it been
iirijod to them, and to tlie presiding
ofKccr of the depoyits, tlie Ae-
eotintant'Genoral himself, that thi^
erA of railway enterprise forma a
speeifll ease, in wliich, if some spe-
cial interferenee iloes not take place,
a dbturhanee of tlie eireulation will
ensue which mu.*^t affect not only
the parties immediniely eoneefned,
but the whole of ilie banking and
Ifading coinmuidty, Theaj^rturance
that tbist absorption of the enr-
rency will be but temjKu-ary, that
only a few days need elapse before
the reinve.^tment of the fund*^, on
the application of tho parties to
whom they bekmif, will take place,
does not help the present holders of
the deposits out of their dilemma,
who allege that the abstraction of
such large sums for a few days, or
even for a wiugle day, will do great
mischief Sttll the Government will
yield nothing, and the Bank, which
has not, indeed, :iutfieieni power fot
«!ch A fnirposp, will not interfere.

** The direetors and committees
of the fanotis railway companies
miglit possibly giYc some help m-er
the difficulty, but an appeal to
fhem'iil not likely to be more suc-
cessful than to the government
officers. It hasi been urged upon
them that they might anticipate
the period prescribed by lair, and

begin at once to pity m their de-
posits, following up that step by an
applicattoa in dnc form for their
mvestment ; but tbey contend in
reply, that they see no reason why
they iibould lose a day*s interest
agreed to be paid on tbeae large
sums, and that the kind of invest-
ment tbey iilioidd select for them
so as to avoid rijfk is a great puzzle
to them : that they would rather in
fact have the mrmey nntouelted at
their disposal for ^rdisequent opera-
tions. They profess to bttve nothing
to do with the possible pressure
oh th 0 m 0 II ey m a rk e t ; t h ey have
lodged their funds in hands where
they expect it to be furthcoming
when wanted, and look only to the
fulfilment of that engagement.

** There are many versions cur-
rent, but still nothing like cef-
tainty, of tlie sntn tliese railway
payments will amount to. Some,
who are in a good position to
form conjectures, consider that they
take a low estimate in fixing
l(j;Unu,000/.; but it is the opinion
of the best practrea! bnnkcrs, that
even one-half that amount cotdd not
be loeked up for a week with the
Accountant-Gencrnl, without load-
ing to the greatest and most dif-
fused inconvenience and pressure."

— FLVrLWAT 8tBStI«Tf1EUS.— A

most volnminous and interesting
return, prepared in conformity to
an order of the House of ("onunons,
has been issne<l in the form of a
eatab^guc of upwards of 510 folio
pages, consisting of nn alpbabetical
and numerical list of the names of
all persons in England, Irebuid, and
Seollnnd, who subscribed towards
the railways of last session for sums
less thau*!3,fXtO/- The return is
a curious collection of tlie names,
addresses, and amount of interest
of every invester in the lines before
Parliament last session, to a less

14

ANNUAL REQISTER.

[184(1

took the jchild to Mr. Diekenspn,
who applied Bom^thing to the gum.
And then bound it up with t^pe.
Ifr. Dickenson .i^pplied something
more on Sunday evening, bi^t the
tiieeding did not cease. The gum
continued to bleed till Monday
forenoon, about 11 o'clock, when
she took the child to Mr. Hancox,
another surgeon, at whose sugges-
tion she washed the mouth with
alum water two or three times a
day. She continued to do so until
the death of the child, which took
place about (> o'clock on Tuesday
morning. The bleeding did not
cease fropi the time it commenced
until the death of the deceased,
except for about an hour on the
Sunday evening. Hannah Phillips,
grandmother of tlie deceased, stated
that she had \o^ four children
from bleeding to death, and in the
family twelve other persons (making
altogether sixteen) had bled to
death, not one of them having been
seriously injured; the injuries were
slight cuts or falls. Some of them
had bled to death from teeth being
drawn. Medical aid had always
been procured, but without effect.
The jury returned a verdict ac-
cordingly.

— FjftKiUTfUL Colliery Ex-
plosion.— About half- past seven
o'clock in the morning an explo-
sion of fire-damp took place at the
colliery of Messrs. Russell and Co.,
at Risca, near Newport, by which
thirty-five lives were lost. The
workmen, about 120 in number,
had descended into the pit early
in the mohiing, and had divided
themselves into two bodies, whereof
the larger had gone into a distant
working ; the remainder, thirty-five
in number, went into a vein called
the Black Vein. Not long after a
"Strong rush of carburetted hydrogen
IS, accompanied by a slight noise.

was perceived, ^nd it vaa at ane^
known tb^t an jexplosioi^ had taluen
place. As soon as the min^ wab
sufficiently cleared fiasistaaee waa
given; the workmen in the other
veins were uninjured, but tha whole
of the party in the Black Vein had
perished; twpnty-eight bodies were
speedily recovered i the other 80fen
were found the next day. Notwitb-
tj^ding that many explosions had
taken place on previous occwons,
when some lives were lost, none of
thp worktpen were provided with
Davy's lamp, but bad common
lamps or open candles.

15. Sale of a Ciiubch. — The
ancient internal fittings of the
church of St. Benet Fink, in
Threadneedle Street, which was
erected from a design by Sir
Christopher Wren, were disposed
of by auction, by Mr. Pullen, it
being intended to take down the
structure, in order to widen the
approaches to the New Royal
Exchange. The sale was most
numerously attended, there being
present several gentlemen con-
nected with public institutions,
among whom prevailed a most ac-
tive competition for various lots,
many of which realixed a price
much beyond their actual value,
from the circumstance that they
were works of art of the above
celebrated and eminent architect.
Lot 12, the carved oak poor-box,
with lock, kc, (date on the lock,
1G83,) fetched four guineas, and
was bought by one of the city
Companies. No. 17, the carved
and panelled oak pulpit, with
sounding board, <kc., the whole
richly ornamented with fine call-
ing, went for fifteen guineas, in-
tended for a church in Bucking-
hamshire. Lots 18, 19, 20, 21,
and 22, — a valuable painting of
** Moses bearing the tables/' with

JAN.)

CHRONICLE.

15

P

goid mouldtngs ; a ditto gf " Aaron
the Priest;** the carved and pa-
Dcikd oak fittings of tlw Altar,
om AID CO ted witli gold mouldings
and carved Coriuthiaw columns ;
two tall] els, with iji script Ions in
gold ; the maiUlb* Huor uf the al-
t*r, kc.^ — were purchased by one
Qt the Royal Hu^pitali for 50/.
The greater part of the panelled
oak encloeure of the pews wae
hough t bj a clergy mao fi>r a
4g|)i|irch at Rani&gate. The sepul-
tablets have been removed
the church to that of 8t*
Peter Ic Poer, which is in union
urith St. Benet Fink. The re^
mains of those deposited in the
vaidta under the church will be in-
terred in the burial-ground aJjt^iji-
iflg, whicJi will not be interfered
with in the intended improveaient.
— Fees to Bajuu^^teks' CLERKe.
— Lord Langdale gave judgment
on a petition {rjc-parte Cotton) in
the ^oLU' Court, involving a rather
eurioU£ point. Hih lord^^hip gaid,
the petitioner, ^r. Cotton, a «o-
Ucjtor. ^ l that he. lm>ing

had a >. ' e with a learned

COUUBel^ njod being willing to pay
the n&ual fee of o«\ to the eleik of
that eouni^ei, the clerk, having in
hia haitd money of the pc4itiouer,
claimed 7fr &fi* for his own fee,
and retained that £uni against the
will of the petitioner, wiio there-
upon presented the petition, aak-
iug for feuch an order as the court
should «' ' j>or. On the hear-

ing, it d that a counjscr*^

chfl i.:-! M.> ;. _.:! HL^I'T (o demand
an^\ it^-. .Miil tint vj..iicver was
given him was by way of gratuity
by the cuskim of the profe^iou
only, and that that cu^totn ^auc-
iionod the gift of no more thon
5i, tzpon a coufereueep and upon
tixalioti of Cijsu no more would
be alloired* The reapotidcat, ilte

clerk t iDsi5ted he had s^ right to
the fee of 7f. fiJ., that the court
had no jurisdiction over hixn, and
ejtcept upon taxafien of costs had
no jurii^diction at all, and there-
fore could not make an order upon
thin petition ; that, for the aake
of peace, he had offered to return
the ditFerence, 2s. 6d,, to the pe-
titioner, who refused to accept it,
and, thej-efore, he desired to have
the petition difimissed, with co^ts.
The clainis of the clerkii of counsel
had given rise to dl^pates, where
there ought to he nf*n«i, betveott
the Rolieitor and counsel ; but he
had no jurisdiction over the person
or matter complained of, and must
dii9iuiti8 the petition, but, for the
rcit^ons he wu^ about to sta^te,
without co!^tj*» There was no le-
gal ground upon which a conuaerfi
clerk could demand any fee. The
cui^tom was to give a certain £um
to the clerks, not from any recog-
nised legal claim, but a^ a return
for civility and for cheerful services.
Clerks' fee«^ were not sanctioned
until the Judges at Common Law,
in 1 834, gave directions to the tax-
ing-masters that their fees should
not exceed certain &mD», These
fees were set forth in the general
rules of the Common Law Court*.
The Law Society aiterwards pre-.
seuted a memorial, praying tliat
certain sums might be aUowcd ait
grutuitiei!, in which the fee on a
conference was oi. It appeared
ii.c^ircely necessaiy to make an
order upon this memorial, as the
subject was entireJy under the so-
licitors' own control, for the clerks*
fee^ were gratuiti r option;

and, however uni custom

of paying them, i uo legal

demand. The an the me-

nmriai had Iveen gencroily, hut not
always, acted upon — persons actotl
differently according to tlieir dtffier-

16

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

ent notions of liberality. The me-
morial, inaccurately in tbe argu-
ment called an order, did not claim
a right for tbe clerks ; and the
respondent having no right to any-
thing but what was freely offered,
erred in his demand, and in the
mode in which he detained the fee
he claimed. His mere offer of re-
turning the money afterwards was
no reparation, for he did not aban-
don his claim. Mr. Cotton had a
right to complain, and, therefore,
although his petition was dismissed,
it must be without costs.

— Overland Mail. — The War
IN India. — The following extracts
from the summary of news from
India will serve to show how little
reason the British public had to
expect the startling intelligence of
the great battles on the Sutlej,
the news of which arrived in such
nnparallelcd succession. The in-
telligence from Calcutta is dated
the 7th December.

** The Sikh soldiers, who call
themselves * Lions ' or * Singhs,'
having received a portion of their
pay, had come down to the banks
of the Sutlej, and there threatened
to invade the British dominions ;
but the latest intelligence received
at Bombay, on the loth December,
does not show that they had real-
ized their intentions. When their
approach to the frontiers was
known, troops were ordered to
move from Umballa to Ferozepore.
But the Governor-general, who was
hastening into the north-west, on
hearing of the chances of the col-
lision, suddenly countermanded the
march of those British regiments,
which were composed of Iler Ma-
jesty's army as well as of the
native troops It was ex-
pected that the commander-in-chief
would proceed to Calcutta to take
seat in council. In the mean

time some negotiations, it was be-
lieved here, were at work with the
government of Lahore, in order to
neutralize the hostile spirit of the
Sikh troops, and to avert a war,
or else to enable the British army
to be thoroughly prepared for car-
rying on operations. , ... By
what means Sir Henry Hardinge
will be able to maintain peace and
to establish a good neighbourhood
in the Sikh states, whether * the
protected * or the independent, un-
less by conquering the braggart
* Lions,' it is difficult to under-
stand."

— Antiquities under Covent
Garden Market. — Whilst recent
improvements have been carrying
out on this estate, some ancient re-
mains have been brought to light,
which have excited much interest.
A great quantity of human bones,
including skulls, have been ex-
humed by the labourers employed
in excavating for the formation
of a foundation. This spot and
Bedfordbury were the sites of the
olden cemeteries attached to the
convent, which, it is supposed,
stood where the church of St. Paul,
in the above parish, now stands.
But what has created more than
ordinary surprise is the discovery
of a numerous quantity of the
horns of oxen and the antlers of
deer, and the' bones of birds, which
were found in the second stratum
of the soil. This circumstance
might almost induce the supposi-
tion that a Roman temple must
have formerly stood upon this site,
and that the above relies were the
sacrificial appurtenances to such
a sanctuary. It is asserted that
the present church of St. Clement
Danes stands upon the spot on
which, in bygone days, rested the
Temple of Diana ; and, about five
years ago, when a sewer was sunk

^

betireen the Aiig«l, 8t, Clements,
and the Crown and Aticliur, in tbc
Strand, iht^re was observed, twelve
feet below the surface, a lar^e va-
nety of Imman bones, wbidi luul
no connection whatever with the
churehyard of that parlsli, and
%vhich were probably ownal with
the period when the recorded oii-
ftlnught took place between the
Danes and B axons on that very
spot.

20. SrEGE Operatiuxs at Chat-
ham.— Some experimental openi-
tione of great interest have lately
been carried on m the iield works
of the Royal En^^ineere at Chatham.
The first operation was that of
breachijig a ntotkade of a most
substantial construction, consisting
of a number of pieces of solid
timber united together with ribands
of oak plank, top and bottom,
iirndy nailed witli ten-inch spiLe»»
30 feet in length, each piece of
timber being a foot scpjare, and
abotU 12 feet long, and firmly
rammed into tb.e earth about three
feet. This stockade had two rows
of loopholes for musketry firing —
one 90 as to enable soldier.s to tiro
standing on the ground; and the
other, near to the bottom, to fire
ft^ if the men were standing in a
tren*^h. The whole had been so
arranged as to represent the same
sort of ohstruetion as our troopn
encountered recently at New Zea-
land, in attacking which witli only
tlieir nuiskets and bayonets so many
British soldiers lost their lives; in-
deed^ every pains liad been taken
to make this stockade as snbstantiul
as possible* The first attempt to
make a breach wa» the firing a
charge of 3fMbs. of powder plaeetl
in a nag opposite to the top riband
of the stockade, by slinging it at
the end of two pieces of shght
timber in the »}iape of o triangle

Vuu LXXXVUL

placed against the structure, but
on its being fired it was found to
have no other etfeet than removing
outof their places at the spot a few
pieces of the timber. A second
charge of 30 lbs, of powder in a
bag was laid on the ground in the
centre of the stockade, closely
clamped with four damp sand]»ags,
and this on being tired made a
breach and a space of 2h, Din.,
driviog one of the piles out of
the earth, and breaking another
aT^under like a twig. To cl!ect a
total destruction of this strongly
built stockade, two charges of
powder, well clamped with sand-
bags^ were placed in bags— -<mc con-
sisting of a bag confahiing 70 lbs.
of powder, and another of 50 Ibpi. , in
ei|ual distances close against t!ie
building J and on their lieing fired
they bad such an effect, that the
piles of timber were torn out of the
earth, and driven some of them to
a distance of 150 feet from the
spot, the splintered timber being
scattered to a very cfmsiderable
distance, some of the pieces flying
up in the air like so many birds.
The report was tremendous, and
a lireach having been made, a nura-
her of sappers and miners, ahout
*Ji)i\ passed tli rough. The object
of destroying the stockade was to
ascertain the minimum quantity of
powder necessary for that piirp^tse;
and from the result of these experi-
ments it is evident that a barrel of
gunpowder containing 90 lbs. will
destroy any ;^tockade, however
firmly put together, provided the
action of the powder is confined by
lieing surrounded by three or four
bags of earth about the size of a
bushel each. The next scene of
attraction was that of the mining
operations. The first was the fir-
ing of a counformine containing a
charge of laO llis, of powder, lodged
C

18

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

in the chamber of a gallery several
feet under ground ; and this on
being fired produced an explosion
with a loud report, and nad a
strikingly perceptible effect on the
earth, felt by persons standing on
the glacis on the opposite side of
the trench, throwing the earth up
a considerable distance, and form-
ing a crater of nearly 20 feet in
circumference and about three feet
deep. This was followed, in a few
moments, by anotlier explosion of
a charge of 170 lbs. of a most mag-
nificent description, forming a cra-
ter of 33 feet by 16, and six feet
deep. The earth seemed to tremble
for some distance. These experi-
ments were witnessed by a large
number of military officers and a
great crowd of civilians.

— Fatal Accidents on the
South-eastern Railway. — An
accident, attended with loss of life,
occurred on this line about one
o'clock in the morning. As the
goods train which leaves Dover at
eight p. M. was passing over one
of the occupation bridges (that is,
a bridge having a roadway under
it for the use of the tenants of the
surrounding laud) in the Med way
Valley, between the Tonbridge and
Penshurst stations, a portion of
the bridge on the south side fell in,
and the engine, tender, and one of
the waggons were precipitated
among the ruins. Unfortunately
the engine-driver survived only
a short period ; but the stoker
escaped with a few slight wounds.
The accident was owing to the
floods, which had risen to such an
extraordinary height as to form a
complete inundation, which rush-
ing for escape under the roadway,
had there formed an eddy, which
had entirely undermined the found-
ations of the bridge. The traffic
'>n the line was impeded for a few

hours; but arrangements were im-
mediately set on foot to secure the
north side of the bridge so that
the trains could pass over with
safety and with little delay.

Another disaster occurred, about
the same time« on the same rail-
way, on the branch from Aahford
to Canterbury, recently completed.
At a pUce called Milton Chapel,
not far from Ashford, a viaduct
had been erected over the line for
the road traffic; the soil being soft,
and at this period of the year
saturated with water, a portion of
the erection began to sink; cracks
were observed in the brickwork,
and men were employed to shore
it up. While the workmen were
thus engaged, some of the arches
fell : one man, Jesse Cousens, was
buried in the ruins, and when ex-
tricated was found to be dead;
two other labourers were slightly
hurt.

21. Fatal Affr AT with PoAC^-
ER8. — One of these fatal conflicts
occurred on the estate of the Earl
of Morley, near Sal tram. There
had 'been much poaching on the
estate of late, and the keepers
were on the alert. Shortly after
four o*clock in the morning guns
were heard in Merafield plantation,
near the head keeper's lodge.
The head keeper, Belphen, and
Edward Tottle, the under keeper,
with eight assistants and two mas-
tiffs, went in pursuit. It was quite
dark, and there was a thick driz-
zling rain. The poachers fired at
the dogs, who immediately run
away. In the carriage-way be-
tween Underwood and Merafield,
they ordered the keepers to stand,
and instantly fired three barrels
at them; providentially, in conse-
quence of the darkness, without
serious injury. One of the poach-
ers said, ** You rascals, now come

H R O N I

I

on/' Bdphen thinking their lives
m jeapardj, ordered his iijen to
ru«h iiit «nd fin^d in the tliieutioH
of the I While reloflding,

he heivi _ 'II Tope, one of his

men, call ior assi. -stance, and found
him endcBTOuring to secure a tnau
named Williflm Foot Heed, whom
they, together* handcuiled round a
fir-tree. Before hh capture* Reed
fired at the assistant, hut the
charge went orer the head of Tope,
who knocked the poaeher down.
Reed had powder, nhot* and hall in
kid pockets, and a doiihh>harrel
gim 111 his hand. While securing
him, a shot was heard in the thick
part of the , pheasant preserve,
ahout one hundred and tiftj ynrds
to the north, and Tottle not an-
swering when colled, Belphen and
hid party hecarae alarmed, nnd went
in search of him. At first they
could not find him, on which they
returned to their prisoner, whom
ihey conveyed to the lodge, not
far distant^ On a second search
the hody of Tottle was found
lying on hia face. He had heen
ihot hy a gun or pistcd fired elose
to his person, through the left
side, and mu^i have died instant-
aneously.

23. MiTLLixoAR. — Trui> of

BbYAX SeERT for JlK ATTEillT TO

irvRDER. (Be/ore the Lord Chief
Juifice and the Lhrd Ckisf Baron.)
— Bryan Seery was placed at
the har chartred with having die-
chargeil a loaded gun at 8ir Fran-
cis llopkios, on the night of the
18th of November, 1&45, He
pleaded not guilty.

The circum stances of this case
assame an extraordinary interest
from the great excitement to which
the con vie tion gave rise . T he fact s
were simply tliese ; that on the
night of the 18th Novemher last
Sir Fmncis Hopkins was fired at,

at his own door, hut the shot hav-
ing fortunately missed him, he in-
stantly grappled with his assailant,
who. however, escaped. It w&a
clear that the assassin had an as*
sistant in the attempted murder.

With regard to the identity of
the prisoner, Bir F. Hopkins de-
posed,— ** 1 caught the man who
had attacked me hy the throat, and
1 almost choked him ; I immedi-
ately recognised a countenance
which I knew, and I was so asto-
nished that I felt it difficult to ex-
press my surprise that Seery was
the raan who assailed me; I f«)rced
his head into the air between mo
and the sky, to take his side face;
and the man's countenance, even
if I had never seen him before, waa
indelibly fixed upcm my mind; I
never had the least doubt of him;
1 have not now the slightest doubt
of h i m . A liat and coat were found
at Roehford; my impression is
thai the hat was the one which ho
always wore, and it was the only
hat of the kind amongst the ten-
antry of a large district of land.
I also recognised the coat a« one
in which the prisoner paid me
visits previously. Seery ia a man
of peculiar cut; his hat and coat
were very shabby, and from tho
position of the windows of my
house, 1 have had opportunities of
seeing him coming up to it.**

Tho Jury found the prisoner

The Lord Chief Baron in pass-
ing sentence said : Bryan Heery,
it now devolves upon me in tho
discharge of my duty (o enact tho
most painful part that man can he
called to peiform — to }>ronouneo
upon his fellow-creature a scoteneo
which consigns him long, long
before the natural temi of exist-
ence, to the grave. You have been
found guilty of having, in eonjunc-

C 2

I

20

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

tion with another person, inflicted
wounds upon the person of Sir
Francis Hopkins, with intent to kill
and murder him. You have had
the heneflt of a full and patient
investigation of your case. You
have heen well and ahly defended
hy the counsel to whom your de-
fence was entrusted. The jury
have considered and pondered, as
they were hound to do, before they
came to a conclusion that you were
guilty; and whether I consider the
facts that were sworn against you,
or the conclusions to be drawn from
those facts, the jury did not exceed
their duty. I mention this not to
justify or defend anything which
needs no justification or defence,
namely, the verdict of the jury, but
lest your mind, or the minds of
others, might unhappily have been
misled that there is one part of
your case which has not been justly
and properly dealt with, or that
any conclusion or inference was
drawn or could have been drawn
which was not the legitimate, and
I might almost say the inevitable
conclusion which any rational mind
must have drawn from the evidence.
When I come to think of the crime
with which you have been charged
I am appalled at the contemplation
of it. You, who had received
benefits at the hands of the man
against whose life your arm was
raised, against whom you had no
cause of animosity or anger — the
man of whom, I might say, he was
the person to whom you might, as
you had done before, have always
looked up as a protector and friend.
Without a motive or cause that
human eye can discover, you pro-
ceeded to the place of that gen-
tleman, and with deliberate hand
levelled at him a deadly weapon,
which, had it taken efl*ect, would
have consigned him to a premature

grave. It was the interposition of
Providence upon that occasion that
saved him from that shocking
death; but you were not content
with that; the attempt was re-
peated when yon were involved in
a struggle with him, and that at-
tempt was, as every body must
feel it to be, a continuation of that
first determination upon your part
to take the life of your benefactor.
It is a fearful — it is a sad case;
sad in all its features, whether we
regard the consequences to your-
self, or the consequences to the
country. A gentleman enjoying
the possession of a large property,
and devoting himsejf to the ser-
vice of the public, living amongst
his tenantry, and dealing with his
estate in a way that was calculated
to make it beneficial to all around
him. He is marked for assassina-
tion. No one can tell why; and
shocking it is to say yours was the
hand that was found willing and
ready to accomplish that dreadful
work; and you have been brought
to justice for the crime. I will not
— I cannot — I dare not add to the
horror of your condition by dilating
further upon your criminality. I
feel that you are in a very brief
period about to undergo that change
which we must all sooner or later
expect to meet. I therefore pray
and implore of you to devote the
interval which has been left to you
to reflection upon what you have
done, repentance for your crimes,
and those consolations from religion
to which I trust you will find your-
self capable of attending, and which
will prove the comfort and blessing
of your last moments. I cannot
say more : the sentence of the law
is, that you, Bryan Seery, betaken,
upon a day to be hereafter named,
to the common place of execution,
and there hung till you be dead.

JAN.J

CHRONICLE.

41

N

^

anil tlio Lord Lave mcrey on your

Tlie most extraordinary exer-
tions wore made to save the life of
thiss cnminal, and the most ex-
aggcratod btatenient!* were put
forth, tending to cliargo Sir F,
Hopkins with having deliberately
s%vorn away hi« life. The nuthori-
tje5> however, were inexorable, and
the f on Vict was executed ; on the
scaffold the con vie t declared, min-
ing the crucifix, and in a cahn» loud,
and ^feudy lone, ** 1 declare before
my tjf ud that 1 had neither act,
hand, part or knowledge in the
crime for whicli I am going to die
here/* Him funeral was attended
by many thousands (some of the
IriRh ncwspopers say 50 or 00,000)
of the populace, who considered
liim a victim to the oppresi<ion of
the Saxon law, and lie was even
apoken of as "the martyred Seery/'
It isi however, proper to add that,
apart from the excitement in his
own nei;^fhbfnirhood, few rational
ports on s doubted that the convict
met his ju Jit cloom.

24r. lllO DE LA PlATA,— H. M/s

ateam frigate Cifchps brings in-
telligence of a decisive action in
which the combined Englisli and
French fleet*? were engaged with
the batteries of Rosas,

On the evening of the ISth No-
vember, the position occupied by
Bosas's forces on the Farana was
reconnoitred, and found to be ex-
ceedingly strong. Fonr hatterics,
mount ed with twenty four cannon
of heavy falibre, stood on the right
bank of the river; the river itself
was barred by a stockade formed
with twenty-four vessel'*, bonnd
together by three iron chains. Ten
fire* ships were in readiness; and
the brig Rtpublicano, well armed,
was placed in a position to enfilade
the oppo.^ing vessel?!. About nine

o'clock on the following morning,
the combined fleet advanced in
three divisions. The first, under
the comniand of Captain Sullivan^
was composed of the Philornd,
the ErpviUtire^ the Famiif, and
Prochia: the second consisted of
the *S'/, Marl in ^ the Com us ^ ilia
Pandore, the Dolphin^ and the Fid-
ton (steamer); Captain Trehouart
being the commander; tlic third
division, under the orders of Cap-
tain Hotbann was composed of tho
Gorgon and Firehrand steamers.
At half- past ten o'clock the action
became general; the men in the bat-
teries displaying much obetinaey,
and some skill in the management
of their guns. The Rep^AUcano
was set on fire by a bomb-shell;
while the fire-ships, although set
adrift, proved harmless. The at-
tack and defence were continued
with much spirit for j^everal hour.^;
the enemy doing his utmost, and
the English and Frencli crewd
vying with each otlier in acts of
daring. By a dashing exploit on
the part of Captain Hope of the
Fire bra n d, the chains w h i ch b ou n d
the stockade were broken; whieli
enabled the Fulton to pass through
and take up an advantageous puhi-
tion. Towards four o'clock the
enemy *s fire began to ftlaeken; and
the signal was made for tlio troops
to land. This was effected by six
o'clock. The first Eugli,^h de-
tachment under the command of
Captain Sullivan, sustained a heavy
fire of mujsketry from a party lying
in ambush : but effective assistance
was rendered by another detach-
ment, commanded by Lieutenant
11 indie; and Captain Trehouart
having joined the attacking paity,
the enemy were put to flight, and
the batteries taken possession of.
On the following day, the guns
were destroyed, with the exception

22

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

often bronze cannon, whicli were
shipped on board the sqaadroH.
In the English fleet, ten officers
and men were killed and twentj-five
ironnded : among the former were,
Lieutenants Brickdale of the Fire-
brand and Andrews of the Dol-
phin. Of the French, eighteen
were killed and serenty wounded :
M. Michaud, one of the officers of
the St. Martin, being among the
killed. Of the enemy, four hun-
dred dead bodies were found in the
batteries; but it is believed that
many more were carried away. In
the very heat of the engagement,
Captain Hotham wrote to Captain
Trehouart this note — ** Si le titre
de braye a jamais et6 merits, e^est
par vous et vos Equipages."

30. Fatal Fire-work Explo-
sion.— A fatal accident occurred
at the house No. 14, King Street,
Lambeth Walk, by which two
young men were instantly deprived
of life, and four other persons
severely injured. It appears that
William Kenyon, aged- 19 years,
had been in the employment of
Mr. Darby, the firework-maker in
Regent Street, Lambeth, and that
his master not having sufficient
space on his premises to perform
his work, had allowed him to take
about two hundred-weight of com-
position home with him to manu-
facture into ** stars.** While oc-
cupied in drying some composition
in a cellar, it took fire. Kenyon
and a young man named Holmes
were killed instantly; two other
youths, a young woman and a child
were fearfully injured, all the un-
fortunate sufferers being burnt in
a horrible manner. These latter
had gone into the cellar for the
purpose of seeing Kenyon at his
'»<t)rk. There was nearly two
idred- weight of com position, con-
iiig of sulphur, saltpetre, and

antimony, in the apartment, the
whole of which exploded.

— Fluctuations or tse Funds.
— l)uring the course of a centory
the English funds have undergone
a strange variety of fluctuation.
From 1730 till the rebeUion of
1745, the Three per Cents, were
never under 89, and were once in
1737, as high as 107. During the
rebellion they sank to 76; but in
1749 rose again to 100. In the
interval between the peace of Paris
in 1763 and the breaking out of
the American war, they averaged
from 80 to 90, but towards the
close of the war they sunk to 54.
In 1792 thev were at one time as
high as 96, fcut within ^ve years
from that time, namely, in 1797,
Consols fell to the unprecedent«dly
low price of 44g . This great change
was the consequence of the success
of the French, with whom we were
at war; the mutiny at the Nore;
and the general distress and bank-
ruptcy which then prevailed. The
highest price of Consols in 1797
was only 56. On the conclusion
of the peace signed at Amiens, in
1802, they advanced to 79; but,
hostilities immediately commenc-
ing, they sunk again to 50 in 1 803.
In 1806 they reached 66, in 1808
they were at 70, and in 1810 at 72.
The fate of the American war in
1812 brought them down again
to 55; and although they rose to
73 on the abdication of Bonaparte
in 1814, they were again at 55 on
his escaping from Elba in 1815.
The battle of Waterloo, however,
caused an immediate reaction, and
in the year 1817 they rose to 84.
At the period of the Queen's trial,
in 1820, Consols sank to 65, but
in 1824 had again ascended to
97. The panic of 1825 brought
them down to 74, but, with the
exception of another sudden fall,

in cona^ucncc of public distrcas
m 1831, which, however, was of
very sKght duration, the funds
hnrc continaed steadily to ftdvatiee,
and during the year 1 845 reached
100|, ^actuating (hiring the twelve
months from 94^ to lOOJ.

FEBRUARY.

3. Treatiucal Enoagekents.
— In the Court of Exeheqtier» Miss
Grant, a singer, sued Mr. Mad-
dox, the proprietor and mana^^er
of the Princess's Theatre lu Ox-
ford Street, for 94^ as balance of
Milaf^. The ease turned upon the
meiluing to he attached to tlie temia
of an agreement, A written con-
tract had been drawn up, stipulat-
ing that the engagement was to
continue for three •* jeara/' and
that the salary wai^ to be 5L per
week for the first **year/* 6/. for
the second, and 7L for the third*
The salary was regularly paid wliile
the theatre was open ; hnt when it
closed for the season, Mr. Maddox,
refused to pay auytlfmg during the
recess: alleging that an engage-
ment for three " year? * meant
simply an engagement for three
gfasoTtF, Miss* Grant was willtng to
accept this construction, provided
Mn Maddoi would pay the in-
creased salary of ()L per week for
the second season, and 7?. for the
third season; but Mr. AUddox re-
fu<»ed. The sum sued for consisted
of the unpaid arrears. For tlic de-
fence, evidence wii!^ add need to show
that the understanding in theatri-
cal life ia that an engagement for
a year at a weekly salary only en-
titles a performer to be paid dur*
ing such part of the year as the
theatre i^ open. The Lord Chief
Baron indicated an opinion favour-
able to the defence: and the Jury,

with some heffitation, returned a
verdict for Mr, Maddox,

— The Electric Girl. — Among
the numerous impostures by which
this vaunted intellect nal age has
been duped, that of the Electnc
Girl has had an eitraordinarj
though brief success. It was af-
firmed that a physician of the little
town of La Perriere, in Normandy,
had brought to Paris a young girl
who was stated to present extra-
ordinary electro-magnetic pheno*
mena. Mademoiselle Cottl made
all bodies tbrtt approached her, and
with which she was put into commu-
nication by means of a conductor,
or by ihe mere end of one of her
ganiieuts, experience a movement
of repulsion that dis*placed and
sometimes even violently subverted
them. At the same time, she her-
self experienced an instantaneous
and irresistible attraction towards
the objects that fly from her. The
electricity manifested itself by what
may be called fits and starts, fad-
ing at intervals. It seemed to par-
take of the nature of some nervous
diseases, and to be attended by
an appearance of much agitation ;
though the girl's health was gene-
rally good, M, Arago witnessed
several of the phenomena, and has
reported them to the Academy of
Sciences at Paris ; which thcught
it worth while to appoint a com-
mittee to investigate them.

The result may very readily bo
imagined : after having imposed
upon many whose auientific acquire-
ments should have protected them
from such deception, as well as a
vast crowd of the ignorant, a rigid
investigation rendered the succeaa-
ful perfommnce of the tricks im-
practicable, nud loaded her dupes
with ridicule.

— Fire at Newcastle. — A
very destructive fire occurred at

I

4

A

24

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Newcaatlc-upon-Tjmc, at the la-
comotire-engine manafactorj of
Messrs. Ilawthorn. About four
o'clock, Mosscrop, a joiner, was
admitted bj the watchman of the
establishment, to finish some work.
The man was provided with a lan-
tern, with which he went into the
joiner's shop; soon afterwards, the
shop was on fire ; and though the
alarm was immediately given, and
engines and other assistance were
quickly obtained, a large pile of
buildings was utterly destroyed in
an hour. The conflagration was
augmented for a time by the burn-
ing of the gas, which was turned
on ; the pipes having melted, and
the stop-cock being out of reach.
An immense number of models, por-
tions of locomotives, seven engines
in an advanced state, three finished,
and a corresponding number of ten-
ders, were consumed or rendered
worthless. The damage was then
estimated at something between
16,000/. and 20,000/. Messrs.
Hawthorn were partially insured.

After the fire had been got under
a search was made for Mosscrop :
he was found at his house. lie
was taken before the magistrates,
apparently to bo charged with wil-
fully causing the fire ; but the evi-
dence only pointed to him as the
probable cause by some careless-
ness with his lantern, and he was
liberated ; the magistrates con-
sidering that the evidence was in-
sufficient to prove a felonious in-
tent.

5. The Oveiilaxd Mail. — The
public wore thrown into a state of
great excitement and exultation
by the receipt of intelligence from
India, announcing in one breath
two great victories. The following
.summanr of the contents of the
*a mail was given by the
Tiich by groat expense and

exertion expressed the news tid
Trieste, many days in adranee of
the regular mail via MaraeiDea.

** The advanced guard of the
British army was attacked, on the
evening of the 18th of December,
by the Sikh troops. The enemy
was repulsed, and driven back for
upwards of three miles, with the
loss of seventeen pieces of cannon.
This affair occurred at Moodkee,
a place about twenty-two miles to
the north-east of Ferozepore. The
next day the British troops ad-
vanced towards Ferozepore ; and
having opened a communication
with Sir John Littler, who com-
manded at that post, and having
been joined by the corps under that
ofiicer, attacked the enemy's in-
trenched position, at four o'clock
in the afternoon of the 21st. The
first line of intrenchments was car-
ried ; but the night was so dark
that further operations were sus-
pended. At dayhght on the 22nd,
the second line of intrenchments
was attacked, and all the enemy's
defences were, in a half an hour,
taken in reverse, and the guns
captured. On the afternoon of
the 22nd the enemy advanced with
their infantry, and hordes of camels
carrying swivels, for the purpose
of retaking the guns they had pre-
viously lost. All the attacks, how-
ever, which they made were re-
pulsed ; and after a cannonade
which had no result, they withdrew,
and retired to a place called Sid-
tankhanwalla, about ten miles from
Ferozepore, where they had still
some heavy artillery. The British
army would be joined by two bat-
talions of Native infantry, which
were not in the previous actions;
and the enemy's position at Sul-
tankhanwalla was to be attacked
on the 24rth. No accounts have
been received of the specific loss

'.]

CHRONICLE,

25

or

on ettlier side, nor b tlie name
of any officer mentiutied. The
captured guns anion nted to ,'^i.\ty-
l?e counted » and tlicrc were some
ftorc in a villagi? on the British
right,"

— DRKATJFrL ShIPWKECK AND

OSS OF LiFK. — Letters wc»re this

Horning receivetl at Lloyd V, au-

nonncing the loss of the emigrant

ship Cataraqvi^ when nearly the

whole of her paascngerB and crew,

^^xcocding 400 persons, perished.

^B^ The CatartHpiu Captain C. W.

^^Pinla\% sailed from Liveq»f>ol on

^fee 2ath of April, with 3G!) eini<

^■piiits and a crew of 40 souls.

^pn the 3rd of Aiigtit>t, at 7 oVIock

in the evening* the ship was liove

to, and continued lying to imtil 3

A.M. of the 4th, At half-]>ast 4,

it being quite dark and raining

Hbard, Wowing a fearful g;i!e, and

^Bhe sea running mountains lii^di.

the ship struek on a reef situate

OD the west eoast of King's Island,

at the entrance of Jja^^n'ss Strait?*.

Immediately after tke ship struck

»he was sounded, and 4 feet of water

^^WA8 in the hold. The scene of c^n-

^Hksiou and misery that ensued at

^Hhis awful period it is imposs^ihle

^Bo describe. All the pafiisengeri*

^^■ttempted to rush upon deck, and

^Hoany succeeded in doing so, nntil

the ladden:^ were knocked down hy

the workings of the vcj^sel, >vhen

the shrieks of inent women, ami

ohildren from below calling on the

rateh on deck to assist them, were

t?rritic. Up to the time the vessel

Cgan breaking np, it i,-5 supposed

hat between 2^0 mul 31 H) were got

Hi deck hy the extraordinary cxcr-

fious of the erew. At this time the

ea was breaking over the ehip on

he larboard side, swee|iing the

decks, every sea taking away more

^Hor fewer of the passengers. The

^BSo*sengera behiw were now all

IT

drowned, the ship being full of
water, and the captain gave those
on deck direutimia to eliug to that
part of the wreck then above
water until daylight, hoping that
the spars would be of some service
in making a breakwater uuder the
lee, and thus enable the survivors
tf> get on ehore in the morning*
When day broke the stern of the
vessel was washed in, and numer-
ous dead bodies were Hoating a-
j'onnd the ship, and some banging
upon the rocks, Several of the
passengers and crew (about 200
altogether) were still holding on
to the vessel, the sea breaking
over, and every wave washing
some of them away. About 4
o'clock in the afternuun the vessel
parted amidships, at the fore part
of the main-rigging, when imme-
diately between 7(1 and 1(H> unfor-
tunates were launched into the
tnmnltuons and remorseless waves.
The survivors ran ridge lines along
the side of the wreck to enable
them to hold on. The remains of
tlie upper deck then began to
break up and wash away. A buoy
was now made and floated towards
the shore, but it could not be got
nearer than 20 yards from the
shore, owing to its getting en-
tangled with the sea weed on tho
ritcks, and there was no one on
shore to catch it and secure it ou
the sand. The fury of the waves
continued unabated, and about 5
o'clock tlie wreck parted hy the
fn re rigging, and so many souls
were sulimergeil in the water that
only 70 survivor.^ were left cro wil-
ed nu the forecastle, who were
then lashed to the wreck. Tlie sea
continued breaking over them, the
wind raging, and the rain heavy
all night, and thus the poor crea-
tures continued. Numbers die*!
and fell overboard, or sank and

26

ANNUAL REGISTER. [1846

were drcmued at the places where
they were lashed. When day
broke the following morning, it
was discovered that only about 30
were left alive. The sea was now
making a clean breach into the
forecastle, the deck of which was
rapidly breaking up. About this
time, whilst numbers were help-
lessly clinging to the bows and
continued dropping off without the
possibility of succour, the captain
attempted to reach the shore, but
was unable, and with some assist-
ance regained the wreck. The
lashings of the survivors were now
undone, in order to give them the
last chance of life. Mr. Thomas
Guthrie, the chief mate, now on
the spritsailyard, was washed out
to the bowsprit. He saw the cap-
tain and second mate and steward
clinging at the bows with about 18
or 20 dead bodies on the fragment
of the wreck. Mr. Guthrie was
now driven to a detached part of
the wreck, but soon found it im-
possible to live with such a sea
breaking over, and seizing a piece
of plank under his arm, leaped
into the water, and was carried
oyer the reef, and got on shore.
He found a passenger who had got
ashore during the night; and one
of the crew, John Robinson, plunged
into the water when he saw the
mate ashore, and partly swimming
and partly diving, reached land.
Five other seamen followed, and
landed dreadfully exhausted. Al-
most immediately after the vessel
totally disappeared. Thus out of
423 souls on board, only nine were
saved.

6. TuE Atrocities on the
Ship Tort. — In the Chronicle,
^^r the year 1845, is given an
tract of the examination of
itain Johnstone, of the Tory,
rgei with having committed

unexampled atrocities upon his
miserable crew ; and it is there
briefly stated, that upon trial the
prisoner was found **Not Guilty"
on the ground of insanity. The
trial took place at the Central
Criminal Court, on the 5th and
6th February, on an indictment
for the murder of William Henry
Rambert. The facts deposed to in
evidence were substantially the
same as given in the Police Report.
Mr. Jervis addressed the jury for
the prisoner, and commenced by
observing, that the interval which
had been afforded to him, by the
kindness of the court and jury, to
prepare the defence, had not at all
tended to diminish th^anxiety with
which he now rose to address them
on behalf of the prisoner at the bar.
That anxiety was not occasioned by
any fear that the jury would be, in
any way, prejudiced by what they
had heard out of the court — and
he would take that opportunity of
thanking the attorney-general for
the very fair and impartial man-
ner in which he had laid the case
before the jury — but from the dif-
ficulty in which he was placed by
the very extraordinary character of
the occurrence which they were in-
quiring into. He had no anxiety
which arose from a belief of the
prisoner's guilt, for he assured the
jury that, in his own opinion, what-
ever might be the character of the
act committed by the prisoner, that
it would be impossible for the jury,
under the circumstances that had
been detailed by the witnesses, to
find the prisoner guilty of the
offence imputed to him by the
present indictment, namely, wilful
murder, and in the terms of the
law, of his malice aforethought,
and he trusted ho should be able
to satisfy them that at the time
the prisoner committed the act im«

CHRONICLE.

27

he was not in such
' or consciousness
him criminallj
'•tions. He
::-orepaneies
■ ti'Stimony uf
■ -OS, because he
:.n' attornev-genoral,
the exciting circiim-
iii which they were placed,
.15 impossible to expect that
.iioy should remember everything
that occurred, and tlie fairest way
would he to take a general view
of the effect of their testimony.
The learned counsel then said,
that the main point upon which
he rested the defence of the pri-
soner was, that his mind had be-
come in such a state that when
be killed the deceased he was not
criminallj responsible, and that
it would he the duty of the jury
to acquit him upon that ground.
He wished them to understand
that he did not mean to contend
that the prisoner was in point of
fact a madman without any lucid
intervals, but that what had oc-
curred on board the vessel had tlic
effect of rendering him subject to
paroxysms of madness, and that
m one of those paroxysms he de-
stroyed the deceased. The evi-
dence for the prosecution clearly
proved the prisoner's conduct to
have teen most extravagant and
eitraordinary ; he appeared to
have attacked the crew without
Uny provocation, cutting them
most cruelly, and acting altogether
in a manner totally unaccountable.
The witnesses had denied that any
mutinous spirit existed on board
the vessel ; but whether there was
ati actual mutiny or not, he sub-
mitted that it was abundantly clear
the crew were perfectly well satis-
fled that their conduct had been
Buch as to subject them to punish-

ment ; for otherwise, when the cap-
tain had behaved to them in such
a violent and cruel manner, they
would surely have complained to
the captain of the other English
vessel when he came on board,
or at all events when they got to
Fayal they would have made their
complaint ; but although Reason,
the deceased. Cone, and Lee, the
three men who had so shortly be-
fore been treated in such a cruel
manner, were the very parties who
rowed the captain ashore, it did
not appear that they made a sin-
gle word of complaint ; and this he
submitted could only afise from a
fear, that if inquiry were instituted,
it would have the effect of bringing
punishment upon them for their
own conduct. It was admitted,
that up to a certain period, the
conduct of the prisoner had been
particularly kiucf to his crew, and
there could not have been a greater
proof of his kind feeling than the
fact that, out of his own small al-
lowance of water, he gave a por-
tion to one of the crew who was
sick, and this kindness continued
until his reasoning powers were
destroyed by the cause to which
he should afterwards allude. The
learned counsel then proceeded to
read extracts from different works
upon the subject of crime and in-
sanity, contending that they bore
out the conviction he had ex-
pressed, that the prisoner was not
legally accountable for his actions.
He should rely upon the circum-
stances of the case deposed to by
the witnesses for the prosecution
in support of that defence. What
was the position of the prisoner ?
lie was the captain of a vessel
containing a valuable cargo, said
to be worth 80,000^, with an un-
known crow, whom he had very
good reason to believe were in a

28

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

matinous state. He knew that
there was a scarcity of provisions
and water, and he might very na-
turally suppose that this would in-
crease the discontent of his crew,
and while things were in this state
he was led to believe that the crew
intended to destroy his life, and to
seize the vessel and her valuable
cargo. The jury were aware of
the representations that were made
to the prisoner — he was told that
the crew had sharpened their knives
— ^that they had armed themselves,
and also that there was a deter-
mination if he did not reach the
island of Ascension the next morn-
ing, which he might at the time
have known to be impossible, that
he would no longer be captain of
the vessel. The jury would also
remember that French had told
him a story about Dunn, and while
he imagined that he was his friend,
another of the crew came to him
and told him that French had
sharpened his knife to kill him,
and this would naturally lead him
to imagine that the whole of the
crew were leagued against him,
and that there were none of them
upon whom he could place any
confidence. What was the im-
mediate efiect of this ? Why,
from being a kind and mild well-
conducted man, he was at once
changed to a state of wildness
and intemperance, and apparently
to be regardless of his actions.
He became furious and raving.
The three men whom he supposed
to be concerned in the mutiny he
put in irons, and while in that con-
dition, according to the testimony
of one of the witnesses, he cut at
them fifty times ; and afterwards,
with a drawn cutlass in his hand,
he pursued the chief mate, Ram-
bert, woimded him, and eventually
drove him into the sea ; and his

whole conduct at that time, ho
should submit, was such as to
show that he was then clearly
not accountable for his actions.
It might be said that after this,
which occurred in the month of
September, the prisoner conducted
himself perfectly quiet and calm
for a month, and until the vessel
had sailed from Fayal ; but ho
should contend that the blow upon
the mind of the prisoner had been
struck, his reason was affected,
and the moment the chord was
again struck, a paroxysm of mad-
ness was the consequence. At
Fayal there could be no doubt
that he had conversed with the
consul or the harbour-master upon
the subject of the conduct of his
crew, and that by this means was
laid the foundation of what oc-
curred so soon after their de-
parture from that port. Tho
string had been touched that
affected his mind, and, according
to the testimony of the boy who
had been called, he at that place,
without receiving any provocation,
declared that when he got on board
he •* would kill them all." The
sight of the crew, who he believed
were the persons whom ho had
such good reason to dread, again
drove him to frenzy, and unchecked
by reason and uncontrolled by judg-
ment, there was no doubt that in a
paroxysm of madness he committed
the act for which he was now called
upon to answer. He requested the
jury to consider the circumstances
under which the unfortunate man
met his death. If the prisoner
really desired to gratify any vin-
dictive feeling, would he have sent
for the man into his cabin and de-
stroyed him in the presence of a
number of tho crew ? He first
sent for him at seven o'clock, and
then, without any provocation, he

FEB,

C H R 0 N I C L E.

attacked hlni, and cut liiin m a
most brutal niannor. At twelve
o^clock tbc same uiglit he agnui
sent for him, and imDicilktely, aud
urithoiit a word heinnj said, again
attacked liim, and while several
j>ersons were standing by stabbed
liim to death. Were not the so
the acts of a maihnaii — of .a person
bereft of all reason and judgment ?
But if any proof of insanity were
wanting, he considered it amply
supplied by the conduct of the pri-
soner afterwards, in fa lit tig on his
knees before tlio dead body^ ini-
pbiring the deceased to speak to
Kim, sayings that if he won hi only
say two words, he, his murderer,
would forgive him, and after this
revelling and laugldng by the side
of the dead body, wbicli he (XTr.
Jervis) considered could be looked
upon in no other light than the
last frantic act of a raving maninc.
It might be said, in refeivnce to
tlio condition of the prisoner's
mind, that his conduct in making
the entry in tbc hjg-book, that the
deceased died in a fit, and com-
pelling the crew to sign it, was
a proof that ho was perfectly well
aware what position he bad jtlaced
himself In ; but he shi>uld contend
that it was merely tlie cnnning of
insanity, which it was well kno\vii
in several cases had been establish-
ed in a most extrnf>rdinary nmnner.
In a celebrated ease, cited by Lord
Erskine* a gentleniau who had been
confined as a lunatic, preferred in-
dictments against the parties whu
were concerned in his incarceration »
and he underwent a strict and pro-
tracted crojiK-examination without
evincing any symptoms of insanity,
imti! he was asked whether Ire was
not the Almighty i Tbi^ wa-i tlie
chord that vibrated upon bis whole
system, and the state of his miml
became immediately apparent by

s

his answer ; but, to show the cun^*
ning of insanity, the same party
afterwards preferred other indict-
ments, and being fully aware of
the e fleet of liis former answers,
when tlie same ipiestion was put
to him on the second occasion he
refused to give any reply. The
learned counsel then referr«?d to
the other circumstances that bad
been deposed to, contending that
they all went to show thiU at the
time the prisoner committed t!i©j
act with which be was charged, Iiol
was unconscious of the effect of it,
and WQS not, therefore, criminally j
responsible. He said he should
wish the jury to understand that
the ground upon which he asketl
for the acquittal of the prisoner ^^
was, that he was in a state of tem^^^B
pivrary insanity when he destroy ed^H
tlie deceased. He did not mean
to deny that afterwards his mind
recovered, and at the present time
he might he perfectly sane, but the
exciting cause had passed away,
and this was the manner in which
that would be accounted for. The
learned counsel cone hided a vcryj
elo<|uent and able address by im»
jdoring the jury, if they had any
doulit, to lean to the side of mercy,
which was the greatest attribute of
British justice.

The attorney 'general said h«*
sht>uld wave his right of reply on
behalf of the crown. ■

Mr. .lustice Williams then yro^i
ceeded to winn up» He observed
that the learned counsel for the
prisoner hud rested his defence en-
tirely upon the ground that a I the
time he conunitted the net Ik* w«s
not m such a state of miml as to
render htm accountable for his ac-
tions, and this was the question,
therefore, which ihe jur}' had to
decide. After going through thoJ
evidence minutely, his lordship ^aij

10

30

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

in conclusion, that the mere fact
of a crime being committed, imder
most atrocious and revolting cir-
camstances, ought not to be taken
as a proof of the insanity of the
person who committed it, but those
circumstances were merely an in-
gredient in the case for tl^e con-
sideration of the jury. It was for
them to weigh all the facts care-
iially and attentively, and after
having done so, if they felt a
doubt whether the accuscul, at the
time he committed the act, really
was in such a state of mind as not
to be aware what ho was about,
they should xvcquit him on that
ground ; but if, on the contrary,
they thought that notwithstanding
all the circumstances he should be
considered as responsible for his
actions, it would then equally be
their duty to find him guilty.

The jury consulted for an hour
and a half, and then returned for
verdict — ** We find the prisoner
' guilty,' but that he was not at
die time in a sound state of mind. "

Mr. Justice Williams refused to
receive this verdict, and the jury
were directed to retire again ; and
•fter some further consultation,
they agreed to find a verdict of
"not guilty,** on the ground that
the prisoner was in a state of in-
sanity at the time he committed
the offence.

The attorney-general then said
there were several other indict-
ments against the prisoner, but
after the verdict tbat had been
delivered, he did not consider it
would be necessary to proceed
with them.

7. Railway Deposits. — Very
great anxiety has prevailed for
some time past in every depart-
ment of trade, with respect to the
1K)ssibility of making the deposits

railway undertakings required

by the Standing Orders of Parlia-
ment preparatory to the Bills be-
ing entertained, and also with re«
spect to the effect the withdniwal
of so enormous a mass of capita)
must have upon trade and com-
merce. Upon this most important
question of political economy, the
ablest writers had sought means
of putting forth their opinion and
tendering their advice; and in
Parliament urgent efforts were
made to induce the Finance Minis-
ter to introduce a measure or
permit some relaxation of rule to
meet the emergency. Tbe Minis-
ter gave to these applications a
steady refusal, relying upon the
power of the market to adjust itself.
The crisis so much dreaded* even
by the best informed, passed over
with little difficulty, and would
have caused scarcely any disar-
rangement had it not been for the
panic or caution of money-holders,
and some antiquated regulations
of the public offices. The *• city
article** of The Times, published a
day or two after the day of pay-
ment, will show how well the
Minister judged in trusting to the
self-adjusting power of the money
market.

" The railway-deposits question
is now brought to a point at which
that uncertainty as to their amount,
which was one of the main evils
to contend with, is in great mea-
sure removed. The progress of
them will show how completely
that amount, almost up to the last
hour, was concealed from those
who, by their position, had the
best means of information. Thus,
on Wednesday, there remaining
only two more days for receiving
them, the total sum actually
passed to the credit of the Ac-
countant-General with the Bank
did not mueh exceed 5,000,000/.;

FEB.]

CHRONICLE.

St

but as tho bankers' deposits^
which are generally a little more
or leas than U00O,UU0/,, were at
that time full 5,O0U,UUU;., it was
coacluded that at least 4,000,000^.
Wfts waiting orders to he trans^-
fcrred to the radway deposit ac-
coynt, aU parties in fact deferring
tbem to the latest moiuent pos*ji-
Me, ill the hope of receivina; some
light on the policy of the Govern-
ment from the report of the select
comaiittees. On Tlinrsdoy. there
being no symptom of its appear-
M^CQf the payments went on with
«reat rapidity^ and they liad
reached on the afternoon of that
day to nearly 10,5UU,UUO;. The
receipts of yesterday^ up to 2
oVloek, appear to have been ahout
300,0 W^» 8o that they must have
come in rapidly afterwards, as no
certificate could be given after
4 oVIo^'k, when the total, as
stated yesterdar* was
P-1.,: . 'It/.

*' The deposits on Irish raUways
are receivable at the Bank of Ire-
land, and those on Scotcii railways
at the Royal Bank of Scotland,
with the same lin^it as to time as
the payments in London, but the
result of thom» which ia necessary
to determine the grand total of
railway deposiLi on new schemes,
id not known; and to those are to
be added, what will be less easily
ascertained, the amount pay aide
by chartered conipanies, which
are allowed to put in bonds under
their common seal, instead of mak-
ing actual payment in money*

** Thus U' disclosed, then, a
financial oj»erationof a tndy ^(Igantie
character, the natural dithculttes
of which were inereaj^eil by all
ftorts of vexatious imped iinenta on
the part of the Govt^rument, with
the cluiDsj and sluggish roove-
meai of the Accountant-Generarfi

o^Q, against which a current of
public indignation is now setting
in, which it is hoped will causd
these to be numbered among the
last evils it will intlict upon the
tradiug community.

— l>rtEAi>i iL SinrwuEC'K. — Ae*
counts have been received of the
wreck of the Btmcoolen, with tlie
loss of twelve lives* The ^<*h-
coohii, Captain Charabent» left
Callao, with n cargo of gnano»
cotton, and hides, for Liverpool, on
the 13th of November. Her crew
consisted of twenty-one hands.
All went on favourably during the
voyage, and she passed Holyhead
ahout 7 o*clock, and in an hour
afterwards she was boarded by ii
pilot. The wind at the time wai
favonrnble for making this port|
but owifig to some cause at present'
unaccountable, the vessel struck on
^' Taylor 'a Bank '* about 7 o'clock
in the evening; and in about twenty
minutes was a complete wreck*
At the time the vessel strni'k the
bouts were lowered, hut two of ^i
them were swamped by the heavy^H
sea that was running. Into tli^^M
third eight of iht* crow aoeeeeded
in gutting, when the rope whick^H
held it to t)ie vei?£.el broke, ani^f
the wind and tide drove hor from^"
the ahip, thereby cutting off all
eliance of saving any more. Thiaj
boat inmiediately made off for LiveP
pool, wliich she reached about '
half-past 9 o'clock last night. The
remainder of the crew, thirteen in
numhert including the pilot, warn
drowned.

Drtj^AiiFt L MraDER akd Huiciph
— A dreadful affair occurred at I i
Arbour Hfiuare, Ctimracrcial Roa
EaAt, — A man, named Jeri^miA
Spenee Stark, a ooal weighe
having murdered hi^ wife by eutttn
hor throat with a carving knife, an
than de^troTt^l hiiu»clf with tia

3-2

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[18i6

same weapon. A coroner's inquest
was held the same afternoon, to
inquire into the deaths of those
unhappy persons, Jeremiah Spence
Stark, aged 23, and Helen, his
wife who had not attained her 16th
year.

Hannah Baxter. — The deceased,
Helen Stark, was my sister. My
sister would have heen 16 years of
age in May next. My sister and
her hushand have heen married
twelve months and four days. Wit-
ness was in the hack kitchen ahout
half-past 7 o'clock, and her sister
and her hushand were in the front
kitchen. She heard a scream, which
was succeeded by a heavy fall in the
front kitchen. Witness proceeded
to the front kitchen, ana saw her
sister lying upon the floor, bleed-
ing from her throat. Ilcr brother-
in-law was looking at his wife,
with a carving-knife in his hand,
in the act of cutting his own
throat. — My sister was on her
hands and knees, with a shovel in
one hand and a brush in the other,
as if she had been busy at the flrc
when I first saw her. I fancied
that my brother-in-law had cut my
sister's throat, because he was in
the act of cutting his own, and I
ran up stairs and alarmed my
father. The next time I saw my
sister my father had her head in
his hand at the foot of the stairs.
Just at that spot there was a very
large pool of blood, and I have no
doubt she had fallen there from
exhaustion and loss of blood. She
could not speak then.

Mr. Robert Baxter, the father
of the deceased Helen Stark, de-
posed. My daughter has been
married to Jeremiah Spence Stark
about twelve mouths. They have
lived in my house ever since.
I have partly maintained both

ing that time. The conduct

of Stark to my daughter has been
very unkind for several mouths
past. Previous to that I heard no
complaints respecting him. Yes-
terday morning my daughter told
me, in the presence of my wife,
that her husband had been very
harsh in his conduct towards her,
and had turned her out of bed for
three successive nights, and ac-
cused her of being unkind to him.
That was the first time she made
any complaint to me, but she had
previously made repeated com-
plaints to hermother of his ill-usage.
1 requested my daughter to sleep
in a room by herself, and promised
to expostulate with her husband on
his unkindness. Witness further
stated circumstances showing an
unhappy state of mind on the part
of the husband, and to the circum-
stances attending the catastrophe.

Christian Kerr Temperley said
he was on friendly terms with the
deceased couple. He had observed
the deceased, Jeremiah Stark, fre-
quently intoxicated of late, and he
came home intoxicated on Monday
and Tuesday night. The deceased
had appeared very sullen and re-
served in his demeanour for some
time past.

Stark had shown great sullen-
ness on learning the arrangement
that his wife should sleep in
another room.

The Jury, after a short delibera-
tion, returned a verdict that ** The
deceased Jeremiah Spence Stark
killed his wife while laboiuring
under insanity, and that he after-
wards inflicted a wound upon him-
self while in the same state, of
which he instantly died."

16. Murder in Drury Lane. —
Shortly after six o'clock in the
morning the inhabitants of Pitt's
Place, a narrow paved court lead-
ing from Drury Lane to Great

CHRONICLE.

Wild Street, were alarmed by tlic
report of a pistol from the house
Xg. -I in that place, the &-5t*di:K>r
and cellar of which were occupied
hj James Bostock, In his trade as
a working brass and gun-metal
founder. The first person whose
atleation ^eems to hare been par-
tienlaHj attracted bj the circiun-
ataoce was a man named Parsons,
wba occupied the second floor of
llie attoe honaep Hearing the dis-
diaige of a ptatol while in the act
of dretting himself, he descended
to tbe groond^floor for the purpose
of diaoorering whence it had been
irod. On reaching the passage at

; liht foot of the stair-case, he stum*
bled over what appeared to be the
bodr of a man, and on opening the
atreel-door he at once discovered

' Boatock stretched upon the ^ound
apparently lifeless, with a stream
of blood issiung from one of his
ears. Aaiktonce was procured, and
llie wooikded man was conveyed to
King*! College Hoaptta], where it
vaa aaeertained that a bullet had

, peDi'^rated through the ear and still

II«malned within the skulL Bostoek

[ fingered in a perfectly senseless
atate tmtil four o'clock in the after-
noon. Suspicion immediately fell
upon Thomas Wicks, apprenticed

I to tibe deceased. On Saturday
fireoeding Wicks was sent by the
deeeaaed to one of his customers
to obtain payment of a small bill,

, ainouuting to 1 5s, or thereabouts.
Wicks obtained the money, and on
his return home informed his master
that he had had the misfortune to
loae 1 1/. out of the amount ; !ie
Ipegged the deceased to allow him

f to make up the loss by payments of
2#. 6 J. a week to be deducted out
of his wages. This, however, tlie
deceaaed objected to do; and, fur-
ther, he expressed his determina-
tion to deduct the whole sum from
Vol. LXXXVIH.

3S

the wages due to Wicks on Sa(
day ni^t, a determination which
earned into effect. This circnm- |
stanee is supposed to have created a
rancorous feding against his master
in the mind of Wicks, the more so
as the parties are described to hare
liTed generally on very indifferent
terms. It was the custom of Wicks
to knock up his master about six
o'clock every morning, in order to
obtain admission to the workshop.
He is supposed to have done this in
the morning as usual, as the widow
of the deceased stated that it waa
in answer to a single knot*k at the
door that her husband, who had just
breakfast eil, descended the stair-
case from their apartments on the
first floor. The report of the pistol
almost immediately followed the
opening of the door* and from the
position in which deceased waa
found, it is conjectured thot the
assassin had watched the op[)ortu*
nity afforded by the decease*l turning
round to proceed up stairs in order to
take his deadly aim. It was imme-
diately ascertained that Wieks had
absconded, and the in(|urries of the ,
police elicited that he had about ^^H
week before purchased some gu^l
powder at an oil-shop, when he pm-
duccil a pistol and some bullets*.
The police were immediately on tlie
alert, and the prisoner was arrested
in the afternoon. It appeared that
after the commission of the murder
the prisoner had gone to Graves-
end, but, unable to rest, had re*
turned to the scene of his crime,
and going to o colfee-shop he waa
in the habit of frequenting waa
tliere immediately arrested. The *
prisoner was tried on the 26th of
February, convicted, and executed
on tlie 30th of March. His con-
duct exhibited a very brutal insensi-
bility to his gtiilt, for ho seemed to
be reallv persuaded that the "
D

s*

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

ment he liad received was a full
justification of his act.
* — Fkightful Mubders akd
Sfjcidb. — At the very same mo-
ment that the murder above re-
corded was perpetrated, another
dreadful tragedy was enacting at
another part of the town. Shortly
a£ber seven a. m. the neighbourhood
of Southampton Street, Camber-
welly was alarmed by the frantic
screams of a woman who had just
siade her escape by the back-door
of No. 5, Wellington Place, a small
cottage residence, only two stories
high. As Mr. Docaro, a neighbour,
was taking down his shutters he
was alarmed by screams proceeding
from the house occupied by M.
Horeau. The front door being
fastened, he made his way in by a
back-door, when a horrible scene
was presented. In an upper room,
upon the floor, lay the lifeless body
01 M. Phiiarete Horeau, a French-
map, aged fifty-three, with his throat
cut from ear to car ; on the bed, his
son, aged thirteen, quite dead,
ahockingly mutilated about the
throat ; and in a lower room, an-
other son, aged eleven, with his
throat cut, a wound on the cheek,
and his hand much lacerated, who
was at first supposed to be dead, but
afterwards showed some symptoms
of life, though unable to articulate
or give the least account of the
dreadful catastrophe ; and in a short
time afterwards, a female child,
aged eight mouths, was found dead
in a water-butt which stood in the
garden, but having no wounds what-
ever about its person. It appeared
the unfortunate man had resided at
No. 5 for nearly the last twelve-
month, supporting his family as
a teacher of languages ; but this
mode of existence had been so prc-
13, that for some time past they
iffered extreme privation and

great pecuniary embarrassment.
M. Horeau had been in the habit
of rising about seven o*olock in the
morning, and usually took down
stairs with him one of the twin in-
fants, (a boy and a girl,) who slept
in the same bed with him and the
mother. This morning, upon dress-
ing himself, he so took the female
child with him, leaving the male in-
fant in bed with the mother. In a
few minutes the mother was alarmed
by a loud shrieking, and went to
the upper room ; upon opening the
door she was met by the younger
boy, who immediately ran bleeding
down stairs, at the bottom of which
he fell apparently lifeless ; on en-
tering the room, Mrs. Horeau saw
her unfortunate husband in the act
of cutting his own throat, and be-
fore she could interpose *he had
fallen down a corpse. On looking
farther she discovered her eldest
son dead in the bed, but could not
perceive any trace of her infant
child, who was, however, shortly
afterwards discovered drowned in
the rain-butt. No doubt the un-
fortunate father proceeded to the
garden instantly on leaving his bed-
room, and having drowned the child,
then ascended to the children's
room, where he perpetrated the
other murders, committing suicide
the moment an alarm was raised.
A coroner's inquest was held upon
the bodies, when the Jury returned
a verdict, ** That the two children
were wilfully murdered by Phiiarete
Horeau, who afterwards destroyed
his own life, he being at the time
in a state of temporary insanity,
produced by extreme privation and
want."

The younger son, who was so
dreadfully injured, ultimately reco-
vered.

18. Fire in Liverpool. — A
most destructive fire commenced

PEB.l

CHRONICLE.

about one o'eJock in tbc afternoon,
m a Iftrge warehouse in the viciitity
of St, George *3 Dock, ant! in wliat
is called tbe Back Gorce, at tlie
rear of a large pile of wareboiises
which, about twenty jcars ago,
were destroyed by a similar confla-'
gration. The flames spread witli
amazing rapidity; and although tbe
fire-engines of the town exerted
themselves to the utmost, in a few
hours the entire was destroyed. It
was now thought that the tire was
completely subdued, hut unfortu-
nately, at seven o*clock it burs^t
forth in the adjoining warehouse
with great fury, and this also was
totally consumed. The warehouse
in which the fire commenced was
heayily stored with cottoo, com,
and flour. In the cellar was a
large quantity of tallow and ruoi,
which were saved by flooding them.
The other warehouse was filled witli
cotton and sugar. In one &tory of
this building there was East India
and Mauritius sugar to the value of
10^000^., the property of the Messrs.
Crossfield, of wliich not a single
bag was saved. The amount of
property destroyed, including build-
ings and mercliandise, is estimated
at upwards of 150,000?.

— VVE.sntrsHTER Electiox. —
This being the moat important
city election consequent on the
Ministerial arrangements, as that
for South Notts was the principal
county contest, it excited equaj
interest. It will be remembered
that at the general election Cap-
tain Rous sudilenly came forward
on the Conservative interest, and,
contrary to all expeetatiun, inflicted
a decisive defeat upon his* opponent
ill ihia stronghold of lil>eral opin-
ion a. Among the changes and
proinotiona following tbe resigua-
tion of feome of the membej^s of

Sir Kobert Peers ministry, which
accompanied his announcement of
hiB financial and political views.
Captain Rous had been appointed
one of the Lords of the Aihniralty,
and his acceptance of oftice having
vacated his seat, a re-election be-
came necessary. His former an-
tagonist immediately came forward
to oppose him. The show of hands
was declared to be in favour of
Captain Rous, and a poll was
thereon demanded by the other
party. Sir De Lacy Evans took
the lead from the first, gradually
increased his advantage^ and waa
returned by a considerable ma-
jority ; a considerable number of
Captain Rous* former supporters
viewing the changes of policy he
advocated with decided disappro-
bation, others stranding neutral.
The following statement of the poU
dunng every hour was issued by
Captain Rous* committee: —
o'clock. Evans. Rou^.
9 607 336

10 1.165 817

11 1,645 1.349

12 2.092 1,82^

1 2,517 2^55

2 2,931 2,353
4 3,793 239$

Majority, 900.
Oifieial declaration of tbe poll:
For Sir De Lacy Evans . 3843
Captain Roub . . 290$

Majority against the Minis-
terial candidate . , 937
Thus it will be seen that in South
Notts tbe Protectionist party car-
ried tbe election against Free
Trade and against tho Minister;
wlirle in WoBtminstcr tbe Free
Trade measures of the Minister
could not presen'e bis candidate
against defeat from the Liberali
24. South >'oTTi5 ElectiostJ
D 2

36

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

This election was attended with
circumstances which gave ,to it
great interest. The position of
the Earl of Lincoln, the son of
the Duke of Newcastle, the great
proprietor of the county, in re-
spect to the Government of which
he is an influential memher, and
his adhesion to the policy of the
Premier, while his venerable father
remained a firm adherent to the
cause of ** Protection," gave rise
to an embarrassing position, which
caused great concern to the friends
of both. The canvass of the no-
ble earl in opposition to the de-
clared wishes of his father, and to
the presumed opinions of the
agricultural interest of the county,
must have been highly embarrass-
ing; although it was understood to
have caused no breach of parental
or filial affection. As, moreover,
this was the most important county
election to which the recent Miilis-
terial arrangements would give rise,
the eyes of all parties were fixed
upon the result. The opponent of
the noble earl, Mr. Hildyard, came
forward on the Tory and Protec-
tion interest. As wQl appear from
the following statement, the poll
rapidly turned against the Minis-
terial candidate in almost every
polling place. It is understood
that neither party made any ex-
ertion on the second day, the ma-
jority on the first day having de-
cided the election.

HILDYARD. LINCOLN.

Wednesday, 4 o'Clock.

HILDYARD. LINCOLN.

Sutton . .

286 .

. 98

Southwell .

232 .

. 124

Lowdham .

168 .

. 291

Newark . .

204 .

. 202

Bingliam

426 .

. 88

East Leake .

196 .

. 157

Sutton .
Southwell
Lowdham
Newark .
Bingham .
East Leake

21
35
21
73
52
24

8
7
18
31
14
10

88

22(y

Majority . 640
Official declaration of the state of

the poll :
For Mr. Hildyard . . 1736
Lord Lincoln . . 1049

Majority for the Protec-
tion candidate . .

687

1,512

960

— Wreck of the Great
LiVEKPOOL. — The Great Lwer-
pool, a steam-ship of great bur-
den and power, running between
Southampton and Alexandria, and
forming one of the noble squadron
belonging to the Peninsular and
Oriental Steam Navigation Com-
pany, was unfortunately wrecked
on the coast of Gallicia, near Co-
runna. At four o*clock in the
morning, whilst steering N.N.E*.,
with a strong wind from the
S.S.W., and a heavy sea running,
and about seven to ten miles from
Cape Finisterre, the weather thick,
dark, and hazy, the ship going
about ten knots an hour, she
struck upon a shoal or rock, and
made so much water in the en-
gine-room that she soon became
unmanageable from the fires being
put out ; and consequently drifting
towards the land, grounded in a
small sandy shoal, called **Guros,"
about one league and a half to
southward of Corcubion, where
she lay with her head to the
southward, broadside on the beach,
at the distance of three himdred

FEB.

CHRONICLE.

31

jftrcls, on wliicli a hoftry Riirf was
breaking. The boats wor*^ all got
readj for lowering to land tbe pas*
sengers and crew, and the larboard
life-boat was sent with a partj of
seamen and a liiie to haul a rope
on shore, which they with difficulty
reached in safety, and the crew
soon after got a Iiawser on phoro,
and the end of it made fast and
hove taut from the ehip. The
Inuncli was first despatched with
a party of passengers aud crew,
amongst whom were .several ladies
and children ; all were safely
landed except Xfrs. Archer, a child
belonging to Mrs. Morris, seven
years old, and a native female
Indian servant, who were lost in
the snrf on the beaeh by the
swamping of the launch, though
every exertion was made, both
by those on shore, on the beach,
and in the launch to save them.
After thiij tlie launch* which was
with great difficulty haidcd along-
side by those on hoard, and baled
out J made several successful trips,
aud all on board were safely
landed. By eleven o'clock a.m.,
the shijj began to break up, and
speedily became a total wreck.
The mail was saved* but the let-
ters were much damaged, aud in
some cases destroyed. The pas-

Bngers were shanjcfully plundered
the inhabitants, and underwent
fatigues and privations in getting
to Corunna, which would only be
expected in a semi-barbarous
country. The cause of this dis*
aster was pronounced to be an
unusual set-in of the usual current,
caused by the jirevalent wind :
but notwithfitnuiling that her com-
mander. Captain MacLeod, was
thus acquitted of blame, the losa
of his noble vessel so preyed upon
Ilia mind, that he afterwards de*

iroycd himself.

I

— Fatal Explosion near
Dover.- — A great loss of life oc-
curred on the line of the South-
E astern Railway, near Dover, by
the headstrong wilfulness of the
sufferers. About two miles from
Dover, where tlie railway is cui
through the c!i0s, a small cave,
five feet in height by six in length,
had been excavated in the elialk
to be used as a magazine for the
gunpowder used in blasting: it was
secured by a door, which was lock-
ed, A gang of labonrers employed
in repairing the liive endeavoured,
on Saturday, to force open the
door, that they might obtain shel-
ter from the rain: they were then
warned that powder was stored iu
the place, and ihc danger and im-
propriety of their conduct were
pointed out. Between 12 and 1
o'clock this day, however, for the
sake of shelter from a shower,
tliirteen men, having broken open
the door, got into the cave-
Directly afterwards, two barrel)'
of powder ex])loded, and the men
were blown from the excavation
as from a mortar. Eleven were
killed on the spot, one died in n
few hours, the survivor in a few
days. It is reported that one of
the men, after lighting his pipe,
had tlu'own down the match, wbich
falling upon some loose powder,
ignited it, and the contents of the
barrels instantly exploded. Tbe
bodies of the unfortuuate men were
projected from the cave with great
violence, and thrown over the rail-
way works, sonio fulling on to the
beach, and some into the sea, a
distance of liiO yards* The cave
itself was httle damaged, and no
inlerruption occnn-ed in the traffic

on the railway. ^^m

— A Family romo^ED. — Ai^H
the village of West Derby, near ^i
Liverpool, an oil and colour ii\Qiw\3t-

M

S8

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

factory has been for some years
carried on by Mrs. Gilton, a widow,
who lived with her family in a
house adjoining the works. Some
months since, twenty-eight pounds
of arsenic were dissolved in a cask
of water for the purposes of manu-
facture ; but there had beeii no
occasion to use it since. The
dweUing-hoUse was supplied with
water from a well in the boiling-
house ; by some means a portion
of the solution of arsenic had oozed
into the well in sufficient quantity
to produce fatal effects. Mrs.
Gilton and her children partook of
tea made from the water, and they
were all poisoned : the ^hole
family — Mrs. Gilton, a boy of
seyeil and another of twelve, and
two daughters of the ages of fif-
teen and sixteen, have perished.

— Prixce Waldemar of
pBtTSSlA. — The recent victories on
the Sutlej have naturally pro-
duced a groat deal of proud in-
terest in the breasts of English-
men, and the daily journals teem
with letters of correspondents,
private letters of officers to their
friends, journals, &c., detailing as
well the stirring incidents of the
battles, as the adventures and ob-
servations of the writers in the
enemy's country. In the de-
spatches of the Governor-General
and of the Commander-in-Chief,
official notice is taken of the gal-
lantry of Prince Waldemar of Prus-
sia and his attendants, who were
present as spectators on the field.

Prince Waldemar, (who has
adopted the travelling name of
Count Ravensburg,) is the son of
Prince William, the late King's
brother, arid therefore first cousin
to Frederick William IV. This
^iltinguished personage, now in
to 29th year, and Colonel in the
HigooDS of the P'russian Guards,

desirous of seeing foreign liiilitary
institutions, and possibly falling
in with some military enterprise
during these times of peace in
Europe, demanded and obtained,
in 1844, the King's permission to
proceed to the East, and to visit,
for his instruction, the British
empire in India. The King or-
dered his Royal Highness to bo
accompanied by two distinguished
officers, both mentioned in the late
despatches. The one of them.
Count Groeben, is Lieutenant in
the Guards, the Prince's personal
friend, and son of one of the most
illustrious and popular Generals in
the Prussian army ; the other.
Count Oriola, is a Major oh the
Staff of the same. Dr. HofT-
meister, mentioned in the report,
followed the Prince as medical
attendant. The Prince hks since
travelled through the greatest part
of the Indian empire ; and the
Universal Prtissian Gazette [All-
pemeine Prcussische Zeitung) and
other German papers have given
extracts from his letters, proving
the Prince's power of observation,
and the high estimate »he had
formed of the military state and
of the civil administration of that
vast empire. As soon as a war
with Lahore seemed inevitable,
the Prince proceeded towards the
Indiis, and in his progress, and
lastly at Umballah, reviewed the
English troops he fell in with.

The following private letter was
addressed by the gallant Sir Henry
Hardinge to the Chevalief Bunsen;
the representative of the Prussian
Court in England, a few days after
the battle.

** Camp, Ferozcpore, Jan. 1, 184(>.

** My dear Chevalier, — I wish
your Excellency a very happy new
year, and many congratmations
on the personal safety of Prince

MARCH]

CHRONICLE.

39

Waldemar, wLo, with the charac-
teristic ^alJftiitry of his illustrious
rtwie, and the national love of en-
terprise of his countrymen, was
present with mc in the rocent
action of Moodkee, on the 18th of
December, and at Fcrozcshab, on
the 21 st and 22nd of December,

**His Royal Highnesij intended
to proceed to Bombay by 8cindc,
nnd left Ferozeporc on the 23rd of
December last qnite well.

'* It was impossible for any
soldier to show more coolness, in-
trepidity, and energy than did his
Royal Hi^rliiicss and the noblemen
of his suite on these oecnaionB,

**The Prince's surgeon was
struck off bis horae by a grape-
shot, when I saw his Royal High-
ness inBtantly alight to !iis assist-
ance. The humanity of this act was
of no avail. The unfortunate gen-
tleman had already ceased to exist*
** In the morning of the 22ud I
felt it to be my duty to request
I Bis Royal Highness to retire. The
action threatened to bo very se-
' tere, and I could not reconcile it
' with the respect I bear towards
I the Prussian Royal family, that one
of its Princes, having already wit-
nessed an Asiatic battle, and greatly
distinguished himself, should run
li risk to which there was no ne-
I Ccsbity that his Royal Highness
Bhoold he exposed.

** With great reluctance Ins
Royal Highness consented to pro-
ceed to Ferozeporc.

** 1 beg further to obserte^ that

[his Royal Higbnega has, by the

amiability of nis demeanour, won

the respect and admiration of nil

the oflicers, civil and military, of

the East India Company V service,

i and that our most respectful good

I wishes attend his Royal Highness

I wherever he may direct his steps,

** These sentbients towards his
Royal Highness, bo umvorsally en-

en/'

aft I

tertained, arc grateful to me ; foi*,
from old recollections and attach-
ment, I take ft deep interest in all
that concerns the military officers
of your nation.— I have the bonoi
to remain, yours very sincerely,
**H. HARnrx'OE* Govemor-G
**His Exccllenc)' the Chevalier Bunsen/
— Newcastle As^*IZE. — Ai
action has been tried at the Assiri
at Newcastle, arising out of
explosion of popular violence, un-
der somewhat singidar circum-
stances. It was caused l>y the
odium felt for Belaney, the stt^H
geon who was accused of murde^|
ing his wife, but acquitted at the
Central Criminal Court, whose trial
is recorded in otir Chronicle for
1844. p. 80. On the return of
Bekney from London to bis homo
near Sunderland, the mob were so
exasperated against him that they
ma do Bcyeral attacks upon his
house, and eventually set hre to rt,
so that nearly all the contents
were destroyed. Belancy brought
this action against the hundred of
Bamburgh for the amount of bis
loss. Tliat loss was variously esti-
mated ; in one account as high as
500/. The Jury returned a ver-
dict for the plaintiff, with 10/. for
an interest he had in the house
itself^ S5L for furniture, and lOL
for books*

MARCH,

6. Fatal Accidekt keaji 01
Fonn. — An accident occurred
Gosford, a village about four mlH
from Oxford, by which Mr. Hcuili
More William Singleton, a coil
moncr of Trinity College, lost hfl
life. An inquest was held on the
body, nnd the following evidence
was produced i — ■

Mr. John Clark deposed, that ho
is a livery-stable keeper, rcsldivx^
at OxfotA. W\&1 ii\^\iX. V^ ^\xi^

M

40

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

in company with the deceased,
and several other memhers of
the University, at an ordinary
at Bicester (whither they had
gone to see a steeple chase).
Deceased, witness, and Mr. Hul-
rert left ahout half-past nine
o'clock, and proceeded to Oxford
at a good hnsk trot. During a
portion of the time Mr. Hulvert
was first. After they had been
some miles on the road, witness
said to deceased that Mr. Uul-
yert's nag had beaten both of
them, upon which the deceased
answered, that he would now beat
Mr. Ilulvert^s. This was about
200 yards from Gosford gate, and
flourishing his whip, both horses
set off and increased their speed
at every step, and were -soon in
a fast gallop. Directly after wit-
ness (who was at least sixty yards
behind) heard a tremendous crash,
and on reaching the turnpike-gate
found that it had been knocked
down, and deceased lying in the
road. There was no lamp at
the gate. The gate-keeper, with
Mr. Hulvert, witness, and Mr.
Symonds, of Gosford, assisted in
taking deceased into the latter
gentleman's house, where he lay
in an insensible state until he died,
which was about two hours after
the accident. Witness could not
see which horse rose at the gate
first, but he believed that Mr.
Singleton's was. Mr. Ilulvert's
horse must have taken the gate
just as it was falling ; when they
got close to the gate their horses
were going as fast as they could
put their legs to the ground, and
wtness believed if they had seen
the gate it would have been ut-
terly impossible, at the pace they
— »re going, to have pulled their

'^ The impression on
Blind was that they

worgotten the gate, and

that certainly they never intend-
ed jumping at it. The night was
cloudy. Witness was quite sure
that deceased and Mr. Hulvert
were perfectly sober.

William Clark, turnpike-keeper
at Gosford, deposed that at about
half-past ten o'clock last night
he heard the approach of horses
seemingly galloping very fast, and
before he could get out of his
house and throw the gate open
he saw it give way, and two
horses in the act of jumping at it ;
one of them appeared as though
his feet were entangled some way
in the gate, and it was not until
the gate fell that the horse got
clear ; in doing so ho threw his
rider, stumbled a little, righted
again, and galloped away. The
other horse cleared the gate just
as it was falling. Witness as-
sisted in picking up deceased, who
was thrown at least seven yards
from the gate. The lamp over
the gate was only lighted when
the nights were dark, and last
night he did not think it suffi-
ciently dark to do so, although
he knew there were so many gen-
tlemen gone to the steeple chase.
He considered that the light from
the lamp would not have added to
the light of the night. Witness
had no interest in not lighting the
lamp ; it made no difference to him,
as the commissioners found the oil.

Mr. James R. Holmes, surgeon,
of Kidlington, deposed to the in-
juries received by deceased — a
fracture of the base of the skull,
producing an extravasation of blood
on the brain.

Mr. George Alexander Hulvert,
commoner of Trinity College, cor-
roborated a portion of Mr. Clark's
evidence ; and in addition stated,
that deceased cut at him with his
whip in a playful manner, and that
the witness {^loped away and got

JIARCn]

CHRONICLE.

in front for » short fli stance ; lie
then turned Lark, mid deeeitficd
went first. On aniving at the
turnpike -gate, whidi Beitlier lie
(witness) nor deceased could sec
imtil tlicy came npon it* deceased's
horse rose first, with witucss doge
behind ; the latter horse cleared it,
jumping at least twenty feet at the
irioment, as witness thought that
the gate was falling. On landing
oil the other side witness saw de-
ceased Ijing in the road ; he im-
mediately rode off to K idling ton
for Mr, Holmes- The night was
cloudy, and the light very unccr-
tain^ so that witness, on going for
the doctor, could not distingtiiBh
where any stones had heeu laid on
the road, except when his horse
was galloping over them.

The Jury retnrncd a verdict of
** Acuidental death;" they were
also mi ani moil sly of opinion, that
tnuch blame attached to the gate-
keeper for not lighting the lamp.

— The Oterlanh Mail.— The
inteUigence brought hy this mail
, announces tlio assembly of a very
large British force {43,000 men
and 140 pieces of cannon) on
the Sutlej, under the orders of
the Commander-in-Chief and Sir
IL Ilardinge. These commanders
appear to be preparing for the
deciHive Btruggle. The following
paragraph is calculated to cause
Bome uneasiness : the reports as
to the misliehavioiir of some part
of our troops were totaUy devoid of
foundation.

** 8omc skirmishing took jdaec
near the Sikh bridge of boats
on the l.ltb, Htli, and l-Jlh of
January, without any remark a!de
effect. On the loth the Sikhs
came over the river at PbuUoor,
phmdered the neighbourhood, and
pitched a camp on the left hank,
in the British territory, t^n the

following days they made sonic
further advances, and intrenched
themselves near a nulla. Sir H,
Smith moved his brigade up tlio
Sutlej, driving the enemy before
bini until the 21st, in the morning,
when he came upon one of the
fortified positions of the enemy,
which fired grape shot amongst
the British troops. Some of the
native troops ore said to have
thrown down their amiB, and to
hnve fled, leaving the Kuropeans
to bear the brunt of the battle.
Her Majesty *s 53rd and 31st were
engaged, and are said to have suf-
fered severely, but tbey demanded
to he led anew to the fight, which
Sir IL Smith did not deem it pru-
dent to do, and therefore withdrew
the troops. The Agra Ukhhat*
construes the retirement into a_
defeat.**

— NoTTiNonAM Election,
The election of a Knight of the
Shiro for the northern divi^iun of
the county of Nnitingham termi-
nated in the defeat of the Earl
of Lincoln, wboae adhesion to the
views of the Prime Minister, and
conse(]nent appointment to the
ofiiee of Secretary for Ireland,
had rendered him obnoxious to the
landed interest. His opponent,
Lord Henry Bent i nek, was sup-
ported by the whole force of the
agricultural party, even by tlio
greater part of the tenants of the
Duke of Newcastle, father of the
noble earl. Lord Lincoln, how-
ever, had taken no steps to secure
his election, and was nominated
in some degree against his own
wi«^bes. The nunihers given at
the *»tbi'ial declaration of the pQ
were — for

Lord IL Ben ti nek . , 1743'
The Earl of Lineohi . 217

Majority

. 152o

4i

ANNUAL REGISTER. 11846

— The Gosport Duel. — The
tiiAl of Mr. Pym, for aiding and
liiettin^ Lieutenant Hawkey in
the killing of Mr. Seton, in a
duel near Gosport, in May last,
(see the Chronicle for 1845, p. 71,)
took place at Winchester. The
immediate cause of the duel was
a quarrel which occurred at a
weekly ball, held on the lOtli of
last May, at an inn at Southsea;
and the quarrel originated in the
fact that Lieutenant Hawkey had
been made aware that Mr. Seton
had for some time past been mak-
ing improper overtures to his wife.
Mr. Seton gave the challenge ;
Lieutenant Hawkey asked Mr.
Pym to act as his second ; aiid
the meeting took place on the
afternoon of the 20th of May.
Mr. Seton was wounded, but not
mortally, it was believed, till it
wa«j discovered that a tumour,
with a distinct pulsation, had
formed in his groin. On the
31 st an operation was performed
by Mr. Listen, with the approval
of all the medical attenciants ;
but the patient died in sixty hours
after.

Mr. Cockburn, for the defence,
urged that the indictment was
ii-regular. It ought to have set
forth the full facts of the case.
The wound inflicted ])y Lieutenant
Hawkey might have been the pri-
mary cause of Mr. Seton 's death,
but it was not the proximate or
immediate cause ; there was some-
thing, not the act of the prisoner,
supervening, which was the actual
cause of death ; and this interme-
diate or supervening cause did not
appear upon the face of the indict-
ment. Mr. Justice Erie was of
-'•»»nion that the indictment was

1. The person who gave the
od was responsible fpr the
equehces of the medical treat-

ment, provided that medical treat-
ment was by men' of competent
skill. Thinking that to be the
law, the medical treatment was to
be considered as bne of the ordi-
nary consequences of the wound,
and need not be stated in the in-
dictment, which charged the act
for which the prisoner was re-
sponsible, namely, the firing of
the pistol-bullet into the body of
Mr. Seton. Mr. Cockbdm then
proceeded with his address, adduc-
ing the usual arguments in ex-
tenuation of duelling ; and then
gave a minute narrative of Mr.
Seton's overtures to Mrs. Hawkey,
as detailed by the lady herself to
her husband, iind commented on
the fact that the man who had at-
tempted an irreparable injury was
the challenger. The Jury would
look at every fact that would make
in favour of the accused ; and even
if Mr. Hawkey took aim at his an-
tagonist in order to preserve his
own life, it did not follow that
Mr. Pym went to the field with
the intention to do more than
vindicate his friend's honour; and
when they found this young man
doing no more than thousands had
done before him, they could not
find him to have been actuated by
wilful malice.

At the close of this address se-
veral witnesses were called, who
spoke higlily of Mr. Pym's cha-
racter. Mrs. Hawkey's evidence
was tendered, but refused.

Mr. Justice Erie, in suinmiiig up,
stated the law of the case thus —
that where a challenge was sent
and accepted, if one party died by
reason of a shot from the other,
all who were present at the duel,
the person who fired the shot and
the second of either party, were in
law guilty of the crime of murder.
If the fact were established that

MARCU]

CHRONICLE.

tLe prisoner at tte bar, from any

motive, consented to act as second

j in the duel, he had violated the

The Jury, after consnltiiig a few
minutes in the box, returned a
▼erdicl of *' Not guilty/*

6. Infanticide. — NortJtern
Ctrcuit, Burhain, — Margaret
Stoker, aged 2'^, was placed at
the bar, charged witji tlie wilful
murder of her child, at Pittington
Hate Garth, hj drowning it.

Ann Dixon. — I live at Old
ShbtloD, ntnir Oastle Eden. On
the 18th i»f Kovomljer the prisoner
brought a child to my houae, and
asked mc to keep it till the next
monihig. I ki'pt it from the
Tuesday night till Sunday at noon.
The prtsoiier ciime on Friday to
fioe the child; we were giving it its
break fast. She gave it a very
grievous look, and said she wished
it might bo dead against noon.
I said, "you iinpertiiient hussey,
get out, or 1*11 hit you.' ^ 8he wont
away* On the Sunday I took the
child to the house of Mr. Oxley. a
farmer, who was her master. This
was about twctve at noon, I left
it with the prisoner. Tho prisoner
came to my house about half-past
two in the afternoon. I said it
was a very cold day, and if Fhe
would give me the ohild I would
wrap a shawl .ihout it. She gave
nie the chihl, and 1 folded a shawl
ii1>oiit it. I gave it a little rum,
cold water, and sugar. The pri-
soner said. " Give it enough.*' I
gave it no more, t gave the re-
in ainder to my own child. The
prisoner left immediately after,
and took tho child with her,

Catherino Oxley, — I am the wife
of St|?phen Oxley. In Xov ember
last the prisoner had been in our
service four months. On Sunday,
23rd, Mrs. Dixon brought

tho child p She sat down a httlc,
and the prisoner then took the
child. The prisoner left about
lialf-pust two. She left our ser*
\'icc that day. I asked her where
she was going to. She said she
had no place to go to.

cross-examined. — I hajre knowa
the prisoner six years. She was in
our eerviee four months. Her
wages were 2$, 4d. per week. She
applied frequently to the overseer,
1 foand her meat and hjdging. She
lived in my house. I tbink she got
relief from the overseers when she
applied. Slie got Is* per week.
She had 3>'. per week to pay to the
nurse for her child.

Jane Naisby. - — I live at Shot-
ton Colliery. I remember Sun-
day, the 23rd of November. I
was going from New Sliotton to
Old Shotton, between two and
three oVloek. I met the prisoner.
She had the child with her then. I
asked her where she was going io
with the child. She said sho
could not tell exactly. Her eyes
rolled in her head when 1 saw her.
She had a wild look. Slie looked
at the child very bard. I knuw
Charles Davison by sight. She
swoie the child to liim before the
magistrates. lie is a pitman. lid
did neglect paying for tho support
of it.

Isabella Davison, lanillady of
the Bird and Bush, deposed to the
prisoner coming to her house, in a
wretched condition, and said that
a woman had put her child in the
**beek/* and that she got I he
hudy out. Tlie prisoner .said she
was ** beat" with the child. She
said sho put it into the heek. It
was another time, in the same af-
teruoon, she said so, I said if
she had brought it into my bouao
1 Would have given it a meal of
meat and a night's lod^lu^. ^W

A

44

ANNUAL REGISTER. [1846

said she had done it for the best,
and it had turned out for the
vorst. I asked if the child cried
irhen she tossed it in. She said
she did not stop to hear. She
seemed much distressed, and cried
bitterly. She told me she had
nothing to keep it on; that she
had tried all the parishes, and
they would give her nothing; that
they would not let her into the
poorhouse, and her mother would
not take her home.

D. McEwan produced a state-
ment made by the prisoner before
the coroner, as follows: — ** I was
coming home from my place and
going to my father's, and I was
going over a beck, and I was
very much in trouble, and I did
not know what I was to do with
the child. I had no ways to take
the child to. I put it into the
beck, and I went to my father,
and he asked me where the child
was, and I could not tell him.
He said I must go back and seek
it ; so I came away at seven
o'clock in the morning to seek it.
I came along by the burn-side,
and I saw my child lying in the
bum, and I could not take it out
myself, so I went to this person
and asked her to take it out for
me; and she took it out of the
beck, and I fetched it into the
stable. I went before magis-
trates, and, all things wanting to
go into the poorhouse, they would
not let me go; and I could get
nothing to keep it on. I was fairly
banished to do this. I only wish to
say this further. I was in a great
deal of trouble when I did this. I
had no place to put my head in ;
I had been knocke<l about from
dog to devil, and nothing to pay
for a night's lodging. I was paying
2$, a week for the bairn, and had
onljr 2s, 4<l. a week for myself."

McEwan cross-examined. — I
searched the prisoner, and found
one halfpenny and a thimble.
When before the coroner, after
the inquest, she asked to see her
child's body. She said, **My
canny, canny bairn, — my canny,
canny bairn, what made me do
this to you ? Many a weary foot
we've wandered." She embraced
and kissed it. I had some diffi-
culty in getting her away from
the body. She said her step-
mother would not admit her.

Mr. Wilkins, who was ahnost
overcome by his feelings, said that
some humane individuals in that
city, prompted by kindly and
Christian feeling, had instructed
the gentleman on his right and
himself to defend this poor girl in
her trouble and desolation. He
could not dispute that this child
met its death by the hands of the
prisoner at the bar. That was
beyond all controversy. Let them
look around, therefore, for some-
thing that might tend to exculpate
her, and to vindicate their com-
mon nature. There was no in-
stinct so universal as the love of
offspring. It was the strongest
implanted in the human heart by
the hand of God. Let them look
about them for something that
would vindicate our nature, some-
thing that should justify this in-
stinct; for in cases of this descrip-
tion wo were rather called on to
strive to prove parties innocent
than to dwell on facts which would
tend to criminate them. It had
often been said that the body was
a fit emblem of the mind. A man
might possess the strength of
Hercules, but it was possible by
placing upon that man a burden
greater than he could bear to re-
duce him to helplessness. So was
it with the mind: the man who

MARCH]

CHRONICLE.

45

^

was Bane yesterday might be a
drivelling idiot to-day. Yesterday
he might be in posseasion of ftll
his faculties, to-day overwhelming
affliction might weigh him dowu
and reduce him to such a condi-
tion that he might cease to have
any control over the faculties of his
mind. And could thyy ituagiue
a more bitter weight of wo to fall
on the human heart than had
fallen on the heart of this lui-
hftppy girl ? deserted by her rela-
tives and her seducer, and driven
Irom poorhouse to poorhotise, and
every door closed against her. Let
them ask themselves, if such a
weight of wo came upon their
hearts, would not their minds give
way under it ?

The learned counsel proceeded
to argue that the prisoner at the
time of comuiitting the aut was
iiiieonBcious from extreme distress
of miud«

The Jury returned a vurtlict of
(htiifif, with their strongest and
roost earnest rceommenilation to
mercy, to which the learned Judge
(Paterson) promised tu give ett'ect.

7. Mayo EtEtrTiON. — The elec-
tion of a representative for the
county of Atayo terminated in
the return of Mr* Josejjli Miles
McDonnell, the repeal candidate j
the numbers being fur

Mr. McDonnell ... 477

Mr. Moore , . * . 417

STATE OF THE POLt,

Majority

60

7, BiiJOPonT Election-. — The
election for Bridport tentiinated
in favour of Mr. A, B. (^ochraiie,
after one of the closest run c ou-
tcasts in the annaU of electioneer-
ing. The state of the poll at vari-
ous lionrs of the day is subjoined,
OS a specimen of dextrous manage-
mcnt :—

o'clock. Cochrane.
9 . . 51 .

Romilly
47

Holf-DBst 9 97 .

. 78

10 . . 139 .

. 131

U . . 188 .

. 16a

12 . . 203 .

. 209

1 . . 217 .

. 217

2 . . 230 .

. 234

Half-past 3 236 .

. 236

4 . . 240 .

. 239

Majority for Cochrane 1
Some very peculiar proceedings
resulted from the contest before
the Election Committee of the
II on so of Commons. The re-
turn of Mr. Cochrane w^as peti-
tioned against, on the usual alle-
gation of bribery, treating, and
other illegal practices, and the com-
mittee declared that Jfr. Cochrane
was unduly returned, and that Mr*
llomilly should have been returned,
on the ground that the vote of ono
Raekett, given for Romilly, had
been recorded for Cochrane. Thor
return was amended, Mr. Cochrane*
vacated, and Mr. Romilly took hi*
seat. It speedily came out that the
affair was ac^^uiet arrangement of the-
parties concerned ; that the elec-
tioneering agents went into each
other's case with frank ness» and It
appearing that a case of bribery
could be ea tab! i shed against Coch-
rane by RomiUy, the agent of the?
former gave up his case, and a ^T><icr
(the choice accidentally faffing on
Roekett) bcuig transferred,. the ma-
jority was conferred on the other
side. Mr. Romilly retains the seat,
12. IxFAXTiciDE. — western
Cirenit, Salisburif. — The follow-
ing distressing case, coming so close
upon that tried at Durham on the
5th inst., (see p. 43,) and both aris-
ing from t!ie harsh administration
of the New Poor Law, made much
impression upon the public mind,
Elis^abeth Butcher was charged

4Q

ANNUAL REGISTER.

mi&

upon the Coroner's inquisition with
the murder of her infant child, Ahn
Butcher.

Mr. Hodges stated the case for
the Crown. The prisoner had
been an inmate of the 'Cricklade
and Wootton Bassctt workhouse,
and in the month of December
she was delivered of a child in the
workhouse. In January the pri-
soner wished to leave, and gave
notice accordingly, which, accord-
ing to the regulations of the work-
house, expired in throe hours. At
the expiration of that time she was
ajbout to leave the liouse, and it
was with the greatest pain and
ffrief he had to tell the jury that
m>m some circumstance or other
the poor little cjiild was stripped
of the clothes it had worn in the
workhouse, and was allowed to
leave that house naked, and with-
out any covering except a sliawl,
which belonged to its mother, and
a pair of socks. The child was
then in perfect health. The mo-
ther left the house, taking with
her the infant. In the course of
a short time afterwards the infant
was found dead and naked in a
stream of water. Whether the
child might have died from its ex-
posure to the weather or from
natural causes, or whether it had
perished by being thrown into the
water by its mother while yet alive,
was the question which the jury
were now called upon to decide.

Jane Cook. — I am a nurse in the
Cricklade Union. The prisoner
was there in December, 1845, and
was delivered of a child, which was
baptized ** Ann." On the 9tli of
January the prisoner gave notice
tp leave the workhouse. When she
came to go out I told the mistress
she had no clothes to put on her
baby. The mistress said she had
better stop till she had sent to her

aunt for some clothes, and she
iasked the prisoner how it was she
had not brought any clothes, m shb
jLnew the rules of the house, that
if clothes were not brought in, there
were none allowed. The prisoner
said, she would not stop, but would
go immediately. I took the union
clothes off the baby, and it was then
naked. I wrapped it up in a shawl
and put some socks on its feet and
a handkerchief round its head. Tfie
shawl belonged to the prisoner. The
matron was present, and again
asked her to stop after I had
stripped the child, and I told h^r
so myself. The prisoner, how-
ever, left the house about 11
o'clock in the morning. It was
a mildish morning ; not so cold as
it is sometimes. I afterwards saw
the dead body of a child. It was
the prisoner s child. The child
had no clothes but those belong-
ing to the workhouse ; and it is
the custom of the house to take
away the clothes from children
when they are taken out of the
house, even though they had no
other clothes, and were left naked.

Charles Brown. — I live at
Minety. On Friday the 9th of
January, I was going along that
road shortly before two o'clock. I
met the prisoner walking. She
had an umbrella and a little bim-
dle. I rode on about a mile and
was going over a little bridge, I saw
something in the water which ap-
peared like an infant. I returned
back and went to Mary Ann Lang-
ley's cottage. She returned with
me and brought a rake ; we went
to the water, and she drew out the
body of an infant. The water crossed
the road. The body was not quite
in the middle of the stream, which
was three or four yards wide.

Henry Dixon, a surgeon, ex-
amined the body of the child. I

MAECHl

CHRONICLE.

cannot &ay what was the cause of
the death of the cbikl. I cannot
^j death was produced by suffo-
cation in water.

By the Judge. — There was nt>-
thing to enable me to say it did
not die from sufiocatioo,

Mr. C. Saunders, for the pri-
soner, went over the evidence, and
said before the jury could pro-
nounce a Yerdlct> of ** gnilty*' they
mui^t he conduced beyond doubt
that the child met with its death by
drownings. After the evidence of
the medical mtm, bow could they
say that the death was caused by
drowniug, ae laid in this inquisition ?

Mn Baron Kolfe summed up the
case to the jury* The evidence
was circumstantial. The child might
have died frora natural cau^eSt or it
might have died from drowning ;
and it was for the jury to decide.

The Jury returuod a verdict of
Not Guiltf/.

12. OcB WooDEK Walls* —
Ejetraordinarff Expedition, — ^For
fiomc reason not yet explained, but
which some have said to be an intent
to explain to theFrincedc Join v ill e
that though apparently imprepared,
no difllcidty would he found In
equipping a fleet for sea in a very
short period ; others, a wager be-
tween two ex^kerieneed and zealous
capt4iins ; and others, simply an ex-
periment on the part of the Admi-
ralty : for some reason, orders were
suddenly received at Portsmouth
and PI vm o u th , th at lb e BclUrophon
78, and the Calcutta 84, should he
got ready for sea iVi tlic shortest pos-
sible space of time ! The officers
and crews of the I^odneth Captain
Collier, ut Portsmouth^ nnd of the
Albion, Captnin Loekyer, were di-
rected to perform these tasks un-
assisted. Every preparation was
^owcd to bo made by the officers
i jf the dockyards, that no delay

might arise from deficiency of
stores : in all other respects no
previous arrangements were per-
mitted. On Monday morning the
Bdfti'ophmt was lying in ordinary
up Portsmouth Harbour, as an
'* advance ship/* i. f, with her
lower masts and bolteprit in, and
her water-tanks on board ; hy day-
light she had been towed to the
wliurf: the Rodnctf'^ crew began
upon her at five o'clock A. M», after
breakfast, and by sunset she had
her tojimasts up, mizen top-gallant
mast, crosS'jaek, and mizcu topsail
yard, and main yard across, and
had taken in her second tier of
tanks filled from the dockyar*!, and
part of her provisions ! On Tues-
day morning tlie crew began about
tlie same time ; by seven o'clock
r. M. she had her lower and topsail
yards up, and the sails bent, and tlie
fore and main topgallant masts on
end, bowsprit rigged, jib-boom out,
and rigging rattled down ; had
taken in the remainder of her pro-
visions and part of her guns, many
of them mounted and pointing
through the ports ; her port side
painted, and starboard side par-
tially. On Wednesday morning her
crew began at four oVdock, and
bent the remainder of her sails,
crossed topgallant and royal yards,
and hoisted the ensign and pennant
by ten o'clock, when she hauled oflf
from the jetty, and was taken in
tow hy the Echo tug for Spithead,
On passing the Phitforai Battery
she fired a salute of seventeen guns
in beautiful style » On arriving at
Spithcad, each ship at that anchor-
age manned her rigging, and the
crews cheered as a just tribute to
the gallant Kodncys. Thus in about
sixty hours this fine two-decker of
seventy-eight gnus was hauled down
from her moorings, and completely
fitted and stored for sea, and tnkcu

^

48

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

out to the ancliorage ready for in-
spection !

At Plymouth, the rival crew of
the Rodney were not less on the
alei-t. At seven o'clock on Monday
morning the CalctUta, also an *' ad-
vance ship," was brought from her
mooring in Hamoaze ; the crew of
the Albion landed at the dockyard,
proceeded to the rigging-house, and
carried the lower rigging down to
the ship, and then commenced work.
Parties were appointed to draw the
various stores, bring the rigging,
blocks, &c., for each mast, and to
get the spars out of the mast-
house, and bring them down to the
ship. Al half-past six o'clock p. M.
the mizen topgallant mast was
lidded, the fore and main rigging
was set up for sea, the main yard
was up, and the fore yard across
the hammock netting ; the topmast
rigging could not bo set up, be-
cause the iron futtock rigging was
not fitted. Three months' provi-
. sions were got in, except five casks
of vinegar and seventy bags of
bread ; all the tanks were stowed,
all the lower-deck guns in their
places, and the present use stores
in. On Tuesday the crew com-
menced at six A. H., and by half-
past six P.M. the main-deck guns
were in everything ataunto, and
rigging all set up for sea service ;
Tunning rigging rove, all the pro-
visions in, and nearly all the stores.
On Wednesday the crew began again
at six A. M., and were occupied four
hours bringing down and stowing
away the hemp cables ; at half-past
six p. M. the Calcutta was ready for
Bca, sails bent, and everything in
its place except the booms being
stowed ; and, with three hours ' work
on Thursday morning, everything
was secured for sea. She was then
towed into the Sound, where she
came to anchor at two p. m. and

saluted. Thus the exertions of the
Rodney* s crew obtained a consider-
able advantage over their gallant
competitors. Strange to say, these
fine men-of-war, thus rigged in
haste, were unrigged at leisure ;
and while every one expected an
important addition to our squadron,
the vessels were quietly stripped,
the stores returned to the ware-
houses, and the hulls to the moor-
ings ! The men eilgaged in this
arduous undertaking were rewarded
with some days* pay, and some of
the most intelligent officers pro-
moted.

13. Abortion'. — Midland Cir-
cuit, Nottingham. — Mary Goodall,
a woman about thirty years of age,
stood indicted for that she, on the
9th of February last, feloniously
used a certain instrument or piece
of wire upon the body of Catherine
Snowdcn, with intent to procure
abortion.

It appeared that the deceased,
believing herself to be pregnant,
solicited the prisoner to perform the
operation of puncturing, which there
is no doubt she did perform, or at-
tempt to perform, and for which
she was now on her trial ; but the
medical evidence went to show that
the deceased was, in point of fact,
mistaken as to her having been
pregnant, and, as the leanied judge
directed, the jury negatived her
being in that state, and also af-
firmed that the poor girl had long
been the subject of chronic cough,
and otherwise ailing, and died from
other causes distinct from the pro-
ceedings of the prisoner. The case
for the defence, upon the facts, was,
that howsoever the deceased might
have believed herself to be preg-
nant, there was no evidence to
show that the prisoner so believed,
which was necessary in order to
convict her under the statute upon

50

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

the lock of an iron safe, trebly
locked, which held the most valua-
ble portion of his stock. A lock-
Bmith was then sent for, who picked
the locks, and the contents of the
safe were discovered to be stolen.
The booty consisted of seventeen
gold watches, twenty silver, all
new, and nearly twenty second-
hand ; gold chains and guards, dia-
mond-pins and rings, gold and silver
snuff-boxes, kc, in value near
3,000^.

10. General Tom Tiicmb. —
The celebrated American dwarf,
*• General Tom Thumb," made his
appearance at the Lyceum Theatre,
in a burlesque written expressly for
him. The drama is founded on the
tale of *' Hop o' my Thumb." It
was highly amusing to see how the
minute actor entered into the spirit
of the character, and assumed that
sagacity which has ever distin-
guished the Thumbling of fairy le-
gends, and for which the wood-
cutter's small son, who proved a
match for the ogre, was especially
celebrated. The knowing look, the
readiness of manner, the air with
which he entered upon a strata-
gem, and the quick movement of his
Httle legs when he ran across the
stage after the accomplishment of
his plan, produced an effect alto-
gether uncommon and irresistibly
ludicrous. The little actor was
highly applauded, and at the con-
clusion was nearly smothered in bou-
quets showered down upon him from
fair hands, who had no recognition
for poor Haydon. (See June.)

17. Assassination in Ireland.
— ^Another of those crimes which
have marked the people of Ire-
land with so deep a stain, has
been committed by the murder of
Mr. Carrick, a gentleman of large
property and of the highest esti-
mation. No motive has been

assigned for the atrocious deed ;
it seems to have been one of those
cold-blooded assassinations which
have been directed by the secret
associations which hold the land
in bondage, and for which it has
been stated, fimds are systema-
tically provided, the hire for the
murder of a marked individual
being from 4:1, to 51.

About six o'clock in the even-
ing, Mr. Carrick was returning to
Ennis from a road sessions held
at Spancill Hill to provide em-
ployment for the poor, and was
fired at near Mr. 0 Connell's gate,
Tourecn House, by two men who
were on the public road armed
with muskets. Mr. Carrick was
on an outside car, and accom-
panied by his man-servant, who
was driving. One of the men de-
liberately fired and hit him with
two balls, one of which lodged in
his hip; the other smashed a gold
watch in his pocket. The second
man, seeing that Mr. Carrick
was not killed, fired and hit him
in the groin. Mr. Carrick, though
dreadfully wounded, desired the
servant to drive on and stop at
Mr. O'Conneirs gate ; where he
got off the car, and walked with
great difficulty to the hall-door,
on the steps of which he was
found bleeding and exhausted.
Immediately after Mr. Carrick
was shot, his savage assailants
walked away unmolested, although
Mr. Carrick feelingly appealed to
four men passing at the time —
* Catch those two men, they have
shot me ! ' Instead of any exer-
tion having been made, these das-
tardly villains laughed at the ap-
peal.

Mr. Carrick died on the follow-
ing day. A man named Molony
was arrested on suspicion, and
was identified by Mr. Carrick.

MARCH]

CHRONICLE.

«l

I

At tlie inquest on the bodj,
Mr* Carrick's servant stated, tliat
a8 his wounded nmster was walk-
ing to the hall-door, a man and
two or threo women eame n|* :
the man asked who the itcntle-
man 'was ? and on being tukl, he
cooUj remarked, •* he deserved
what he got»"

Mr. Carriek was tlie agent and
receiver of several extensive estates
in the eounty of Clare,

— FiUE AKD Loss OF Life* — A
disastrous fire, rcsnltina; in the
loss of four hves, occurred at an
ea rl y h on r a t 7 7 , t ' ra wf u nl H t ree i ,
Marvlphtjiie. The house was oc«
eupiod hj several familii^^. Mr.
Tempsoiu a surgeoo, oecuined Xhi}
shop and hack parlour on the
ground floor, leaving a youth,
Iged IG, in charge of his sliop
nifrlitly. The first floor wa.-* oc-
eupied hy Mr. Hosking, the land-
lord of tlie house, toixether with hiti
wife and daughler; and on the
second floor lived a man and his
wife^ named Butters, with a family
of three young children. The
fire was discovered by a pohce*
sergeant; who instantly gavo the
alarm, and the door wa.^ opened
hy the boy who slept on the
ground floor, who immediately
proceeded np stairs to alarm the
inmatcft, while the poHce sergeant
despatched messengers for assist-
aDce. From the inflammuMe na-
ture of the material, the flames
spread with such rapidity as to
cut off the retreat of the boy
und the other inmates. The lad
and the occupants of the first
floor escaped with difficulty by
p&Bsiug from their balcony to that
uf the next house : the family
of Butters had no such means of
escape ; they were speedily aware
of tlieir dangerous situation, —
Butters, after awakening his wife

and children, attempted to escape

with tliem through a trap door in
the roof^ but was driven back by
the smoke and flames into the
front rooun closing the door be-
hind him. Here his wife» frantic
with terror, threw herself from the
window; she fell heavily on the
pavement, fracturing her arm and
receiving severe injuries in the
hack, Mr. Butters at this time
was standing at tVic same window
from which his wife hud fallen,
raising Ins bands imploringly an
if asking help of the bystanders.
The flames from tlie iirst-floor
windows* are depcribed to havo
actually played round the wretched
man*3 face as he sti>od. The fir*'*
escape from King Street arrived
at this time, and having been
hastily placed ar^^ainst the house,
tlie oflieer in ehargo aRc ended to
the second floor for the purpose of
endeavouring to afl*ord him assist-
ance, Tlie oflicer reached the win-
dow, and not only spoke to Butters,
but had actually caught Imld of him
with the intention uf puUitig him
into the escape, when be tore him-
self away, i*aying that he would
go and tseek his eliildren. At the
same moment the front of the
»hop was blown out with a loud
explosion, and the flames from
the first-floor, having increased in
their violence, set fire to the top
of the tire escape, causing the
oflicer to loose his hold, and fall
heavily to the ground* On bein^
picked np the poor fellow was
found to have sustained a severe
fracture of the skull; he was im-
mediately removed to Middlesex
Hospital. Although Butters came
to the window once or twice sub-
sequently, he was unable to keep
his position for more than a few
moments, and very soon after it be-
catne evident to the bystanderi
£ 2

A

52

ANNUAL REGISTER.

Cl8i6

tluit bcth himsiflf and children
had perished miserably in the
iames. After the arrival of the
engines, the supply of water being
good* the flames were soon got
under. On entering the front
room on the second floor Butters
was found near the window, in a
reclining posture, his hand rest-
ing on the sill of the windows.
He was not much bunicd, and ap-
peared to have died from suffoca-
tion. The bodies of the three
children were found lying together
in the back room on the same
floor.

24. The Overland Mail.— The
Timei of this morning contained
the following summary of the
news from India, giving the grati-
fying intelligence of the brilliant
victory at Aliwal : —

** Sir Harry Smith's division
having reinforced Colonel Godby's
division at Loodianab, has encoun-
tered the Sikhs. On the 28th of
January, Sir II. Smith, 12,000
strong, with 32 guns, marched out
to meet the enemy. The Sikhs
advanced to meet them. After a
stout rcjiistance and a heavy can-
nonade, the Sikh position was
stormed — 65 out of 68 guns cap-
tured, and their whole army,
24,000 strong, driven across the
river. In six weeks the Sikhs
have been beaten in four pitched
battles, with the loss of 150
pieces of artillery. T)ic divisions
under the Commander-in-Chief
and Governor-General continue at
rest, facing the river from Fe-
rozeporo, westward. The Sikhs
are intrenched in great force in
front. Their camp is on their
own side, and their batteries on our
side of the river, a strong bridge
of boats connecting the position.*'

The funds rose about j- per
eo&t. upon publication of the news.

— Sir Hekbt Smith. — The dis-
tinguished conmiander whose bril-
liant exploit is summed up in the
above few lines, is a native of the
Isle of Ely, and entered the army
in 1805 ; and in the course oi his
career had the extraordinary for-
tune to be present in neariy every
action that has since been fought
by the British troops in every quar-
ter of the globe, and has probably
had more experience of practical
war and passed through more fire
than any officer living.

His first service was in South
America, at the storming of Monte-
Video and attack on Buenos Ayres:
next at the capture of Copenhagen
under Lord Cathcart ; thence he
went to the Peninsula, where he was
])resent in every battle fought by
the main army (Talavera excepted),
from the beginning to the end of
that war. His next campaign
was in North America, where Le
was present at the capture of
Washington, under General Ross ;
and for his distinguished conduct
on that occasion he was honoured
by being made the bearer of the
despatches to England. His next
battle-field was, in the capacity of
military secretary, in the attack on
New Orleans, where the good, tlie
gallant Pakenhani died in his
arms. He returned to England in
time to partake in the glories of
his last European battle, as Assist-
ant-Quartermaster-General of the
6tb division under Sir John Lam-
bert, on the field of Waterloo.

Sir Henry Smith's career as a
staff^ofiicer commenced in 1811
with his appointment as Brigade-
Major in the celebrated Light
Division, in which he was ever
conspicuous alike for his dashing
gallantry in the field, his frank
warm-hearted bearing to his brother
officers, and his unwearied attention

MARCH]

CHRONICLE.

hi the eouiforts ami the wants of
tlip soldi IT.

In 1827 lie was n]ii:>oiiitotl Bc-
nuty-Acljnt}xnt-G€tn*raliu i\w \Vc?t
In dies. In tlic jciir ftilltnvitijLi^ lie
WHS transferred in tlie <<aiJie rank
to tlii^ Ctipe of liuf>ti Hope, and in
J 831^ nppointc'd Depnty-Adjulftnt-
Gencral in Inrlin, nrnl was engaged
in tbat rank in 1844 in tlie battles
of G w al i or and M a li a raj pore. The
distinguished services which he
rendered at the heikd of the lat
dinaion, in the recent battles of
Hoodkee and Ferozeshah, will be
best understood by referring to the
despatched relating to those great
exploits. The battle of Aliwal
spertks for itself: m thi*< his first
eunsiderftble independent cunnnaiid
Sir Henry Smith has sliown him-
self no unwortliy pnpil of Moore nml
WVllingtou, In all these hundred
fights Sir II, Smith hai*^ lunl tlic
guod fortune to he wonndeil hn t once.

~ The Ratlavay Mania.—
The tide having now turned against
the speculators in these wild
bchemes, the unhappy vietims of
the delirinm have began to con-
template the mischief;* in wbirh
they have involved themselves.
To professed dealers and *« pecula-
tors no pity is dne, bnt the great
mwHS eoiisisit of tlie dnpes of
their own cnpulity or the knavery
of orliers; eltr^ymen, brtrri^terifj,
triidesmcn, clerks, the ormy, the
navy, all ranks and professional,
and even the fair ;*ex, are alike
involved. The following from the
'• eily art i pie ** of the TimfS will
give an idea of the ^tate of nmt-
lers in the mart : —

•* The flnxii'ty and excitement
nuKMig the bolder.-^ of railway
Khare^ are sneli as to make it
ditHcnlt to convey n Jnst idea of
them to the public at large. To
sell any shares connected with the

new lines has become almost in
possible at ftiiy sacrifice, and thi
only relief tbat the greater pai
of hohlers now hope i«* the throw-
ing out of the bills before Farlia-
nient» and the rendering an ncconnt
of the fnnds that remain unappro-
priated. This feeling exists even
with respect to those hnes which a
few months back were regarded as
the most promising ; and the meu
of property who happen to have
embarked in such undertakings find
themselves considerably worse off
than adventurers without capital,
since they foresee that, in the even^
of bills being obtained, the weighi
of the whole concern must h
thrown upon them. Probably there
j« not a single new company at
this moment^ — and ilm is the
opinion of some of the most ex-
peri en ceil brokers of the Stock-
I'jxchange,— in which the majority
of the sharehdders would n<tt voti
for abandonment. Thin opinion hn
nothing to do with the merit of
the respective undertakJugs, but
arise?* from the persuasion that too
much has been attempted at once,
and that sufficient capital is not W'
be found in the country for tbia
mode of employment. By a singn
lar revolntiou in public opinion con-
nected with these undertakings,
even the illegitimate and doubtful
schemes* which were so plentifully
brought forward at the cio5C of lost
year, are hjoked at comparatively
with envy, for in these is seen at
least the limit of lo^s, while in
others of a diH'erent class, if they
are fenced on in the present adverse
state of the money-market, the
proppeet i^ hut eue of ruin and
confuHitJU s]>rcad over a long series
of yeur.H, They now look to Par-
liament a;^ the only source of relief,
and to Mr. Morrison's Committee,
in particular, for an early introduc-

itfli^H

th^

I

4

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54

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

tion of the subject to the considera-
tion of the Legislature. Members
of Parliament who are also mem*
ben of railway committees, can-
not be too strongly impressed with
the fact, which we now desire dis-
tinctly to convey to them, that the
boon most desired on their part by
the parties connected with railways
is, that their bills may not be passed,
but may be strangled in the birth.''
27. Dreadful Shipwreck. —
The Belfoit of 300 tons, laden
with coals, fire-arms, and other
goods, left Leith on the afternoon
of Saturday the 24th, bound to
Monte Video, and passed Wick on
the Monday following, with favour*
able weather. On the following
day, however, a gale of wind came
on from the north-east, which, as
the day advanced, gained strength,
and by eight o'clock at night it
had reached to a most violent
storm, the sea rolling tremendously.
At about 12 o'clock (when it was
thought she was 10 or 12 miles off
the land) the vessel struck heavily
on a rock, where she remained, not-
withstanding the vigorous moans
that were taken to get her oif.
All hands then took to the rigging,
where they lashed themselves,
trusting the weather might mo-
derate and enable them to launch
the boats, which was out of the
question at that period of the night,
on account of the fearful seas sweep-
ing over her. The storm, how-
ever, never slackened in the least
for several hours after daybreak —
the crew in the meantime suffering
greatly. At about 3 o'clock the
mainmast broke close to the deck
and fell overboanl. There were
lashed to it Mr. Clerk, the captaui,
and five men, all of whom perished.
In an hour after this several others
were washed out of the rigging of
the foremast, and shared a similar

fate. The remainder of the crew
suffered severely; they continued
in the rigging till 12 o'clock next
day, when the tide had ebbed out
and had left the wreck high and
dry on the rocks, enabling them
to walk ashore. Together with
the commander, the chief mate and
twelve seamen were lost.

— Fanaticism. — An extraor-
dinary case of religious fanaticism,
including a revival of the ''un-
known tongues," has recently come
to light. A young man named
Powell was charged at Worship
Street Police-office, with disturbing
a congregation met for Divino wor-
ship in a chapel in Parliament
Court, Old Artillery Ground. Se-
veral of the office-bearers of tbo
chapel deposed, that on the Sunday
evening Powell had disturbed the
service by bursting into loud laugh-
ter, and when reproved, he had
entered into an altercation ; at
length he was forcibly turned out.
The accused admitted that he had
laughed ; but his excuse was, that
after witnessing a great deal of
** mummery" on the part of nearly
a score of officials dressed in white
surplices, a most discordant and
unnatural outcry, resembling the
squealing of a child, suddenly burst
forth from a woman among the con-
gregation ; which he was informed
was an exposition of the unknown
tongues, and the effect of which
was so extremely ludicrous and
absurd, that he could not refrain
from laughter. Two witnesses
stated, that besides the surpliced
officials there was a person called
** the Prophet," and another called
*' the Angel," the latter attired in
a cardinal's pui"ple cape, who per-
formed functions corresponding to
those attaching to a bishop of
the Episcopal Church. Mr.Brough-
ton, the magistrate, said, if per-

MARCH]

CHRONICLE.

ss

BOBB would introduce such extra-
ordinary oxliil»itiotis into their reli-
gioua obsen^aiiees tis were cl*?pc>&i'd
to upon tlie present oecnsiun, and
Mrhich were repugnant to the reveal-
cd word fif God, tlicv could not bo
aiirprUed if the risibihty of young
persons who happened to witness
them sliould he isntiiewliiit cxciletl.
It did not appear from tlie eviihnco
thfttmore tlian this had taken place
ill the pre.'^ent instance; and as nu
proof had been adduceil to sliow
tbnt the dcfendiint liad been aetu-
ated by any wantun or pretnc-
ditntcd iutentiou to disturb thoeon-
tjregAtion, witViin the meaning of
the ^atute, it was bis duty to order
itis disebarge.

MAHUlAfiK IN' IIaNOVKH.

Ilifl MajcHty the Kin|^ of Hanover
has taken the love affairs of bis
oiHcerb nuder hi.s royai eogniaanee,
aiid has is«ned the followio;t( some-
what singular regulations upon tbo
subject : —

** His Majesty the King, owing
to the pre^ent state of stu'iety,
which makes greater demands on
the position ktf nuirrifd oiticcrH, and
iu eouiiideration of tin* frequent ap-
plications by the widows of otHeer^s
who ai*c devoid of personal pro-
perty for pc^euniary aid, has been
ittdueed to alter essentially the con-
ditions under wbieli a prospect has
hitherto been peiTnitted to oiticers
of obtaining permission to marry,
in order that (as well for the benotit
of the Bcrvicc as for that of the in-
dividual himself) lie troth ab may not
be entered into, and coiii*e<|uent
mutrimonial eonnpctions be formed,
whose admission would oidy be pre-
jndieial to the participating par-
ties.

•*1. No officer raay outer into
a formal botrotba! until he ^ball
have obtained bis Most Miglitine.'ss's
consent to bis marriage ; and any

flueh formed without that cooMBi
shall bo considered invalid.

"2. No apphcation for 'maiv
riage jyeraiission' may bo forwarded
by a sccond-lientenaut to his su-
periors, as it will under no eircum-
stances be taken notice of,

*' 5. The documents whiek an
officer applying tVtr ' nnirriago per-
mission' ban to furni^bf shall, in tbo
first place, refer to the descent of
the bride, m^ bis Majesty will not
pcnnit any otHeer to marry under
bis station ; and ,shall consist— fi.
In a eircumstantial account of tho
Citation and atfairs of tbo bride 't
parents ; fr. In a certiEeato of hajK
tism of the bride ; c. In tbo con-
sent of tbo parents or sponsors of
the bride to the intomled inaiTiage,

** Further, forthcoming docu-
ments shall extend to the pecuniary
eirciunstances of the applicant ;
who, iu thi:4 regard, will have to
show in a credible jnauuer and
form that ho or his briile, or both
totj^ethcr^ ponsrss a salary by nicaiis
of which they j*hnll he enabled to
supjMjrt thcmsclvt'H mid a family in
a nninuer suitable to their station,
without being oblit^cd to have re*
course to the ui i tit a ry |*ay of the
apphcant, the free disposal of which,
in the event of a war breaking out,
must remain with liim. This in-
come, exclusive of the pay of tb€«
orticer, is to consist of — a. For a
rittmeiater and captain of tbo
second clasa, and for a tirst-heu-
ttnant, 800 dollars ; 6. For the
commander of a company or squa-
dron, 1,000 dollars; c. For a statf-
oftieer, 1,200 dollars.

** Bejjides theso documents, the
applicant must furnish bis superior
othcer with a certificate of his own
baptism/* [Tbe superior uflicor
must also satisfy binist*lf that nQ
obstacle to the intended marriage
exists arising from any cause. J

i
i

4

A6

ANNUAL REGISTER. X^SW

** And when he shall find himself
in the above respects in a condition
to forward on the application, he
will still be only justified in doing
so when he can speak favourably
of the personal good qualities and
military zeal of the officer, and can
recommend him as a good house-
keeper. The application must be
accompanied by the pedigree of
the officer.

"7. The number of married
officeVs shall not exceed one third
of the regiment."

Finally, applications for mar-
riage sent to tne adjutant-general
must be referred to a committee of
field-officers!

30. Pemderton, clerk, u. Colls,
clerk, Slander. — A curious action
for slander, in which the Rev.
llobert Peniberton, D.D., vicar of
Wandsworth, was plaintiff, and the
Rev. John Flowei-dew Colls, D.D.,
curato of St. Anne's Chapel,
Wandsworth, defendant, was tried
At Kingston. In 1844, Dr. Pern-
berton hei^nmc vicar of Wands-
worth ; and in the course of the
same year ho appointed Dr. Colls
to tho curacy of St. Anne's Chapel
in tho same parish. In connection
with thiH appointment, several arti-
cles of agreement were dmwn up :
one was that Dr. Colls should re-
sign his curacy on being asked to
do so. Dr. Pcmberton intending to
confer it upon his son when of age;
another article was that Dr. Colls
should pay Dr. Pcmberton 130^ a
year, tho estimated half of the in-
come, the money to be expended in
the erection of a vicarage-house; the
third article bound Dr. Colb not to
complain or express dissatisfaction
at being compelleil to make these
payments, or to vacate the curacy.
Asacollateral security for the fultil-
mentof the engagement. Dr. Colls
«^?e a promissory note to Dr. Pcm-

berton for 2,600/., which was to be
enforced in the event of a breach
taking place. The engagement was
signed and the promissory note
drawn up by Dr. Colls himself, at
the house of Dr. Pcmberton, after
dinner, and after two glasses of
wine. The documents were placed
in an envelope, and both parties
sealed it up. The slander com-
plained of arose ont of this trans-
action, and was promulgated in
this way. Dr. Pemberton has a
curate named Cockrell ; Dr. Colls
called upon him about a fortnight
after his arrival in the parish, in
great distress of mind, stating that
Dr. Pemberton had invited h!m to
dinner on the day that he came into
residence — that he only drank two
glasses of wine, which must have
been drugged, for he was com-
pletely stupefied — that while in that
state Dr. Pemberton asked him to
sign the agreement and the pro-
missory note — and that on recover-
ing from the effects of the wine he
was perfectly horrified at what he
had done. This statement was
communicated by Mr. Cockrell to
Dr. Pemberton, on the occasion of
a quarrel which he had with Dr.
Colls. Dr. Pemberton remonstrated
with the offender on the subject,
and a retractation was the conse-
quence ; but Dr. Colls did not ad-
here to it, and began to circulate
anew his allegation through the
parish. In the mean time, the
Bishop of Winchester, within whose
diocese Wandsworth is* received
information of what was going 4m
from the churchwarden; and on
calling for an explanation^ Dr.
Pemberton delivered to him a sealed
packet which contained the agree-
ment and the promissory note. Ib
conseqnence of this occurrence* the
Bishop struck Dr. Pemberton *s
name from a c^mimission appotated

APRIL]

CHRONICLE.

^

^
^

to make ccrtaiti invest I "fat ions un-
der the aei of Farlinmfnt for the
aiigmentotion of smiall livings. In
the Connie of hh exammntion, the
Bisbop stnted tliat lit* i^lmuld never
have sntictioned s*ieh an ngreement
as that he hud heard read. \N'ithotit
reference to the cliarge of drug-
ging the wine, he ennsidered that
the proceeding of the plantilF in
making such an agreement, and
taking a bill of exchange from hh
curate^ was so improper, thtit if no
Bntisfactory explanation had been
given of it, he should probably have
felt it hii dut J to suspeud him from
his functions* and perhaps removo
him altogether. He eonsidered it a
transaction of a simoniacal clmrao-
ter ; and this was alone ftnffieient
to cause him to strike the plaintitf's
tkanie out of the comniisiiinii. Dr.
Colla woa entitled to the whole uf
hi» salary. No evidence ^vas offered
iu defence. The jury returned a
verdict for the plaintiff — damages
2001

3 1 . An OTHKlt G HEAT ViCTORt.

The public had not yet settled
down from the exultation caused by
the news of Sir IL Smith's brilliant
victory at Aliwal, announced in the
newsipnppiii of tiie l-'3nK when they
were *^till further startled by the
foUmving nnnonncemcnt :^

**AKOTnEii GuFAT Vktouy ovkr
THE S I K IJ 8 . — Est ra o nl i n a ry e x -
pre8^.

••Tlie Times Office, Tuesday Mommg,

** \Vc have receive*] by extraor-
dinary express from Paris, tlie fol-
lowing telegraphic despatches:- —
« Marseilles, March 59, 1846.

•* On the lOih of February the
EngUf^h army, conuiianded by Sir
£ngti Gough and by the Governor-
General, attacked the Sikhs at
Sobraon, (the tSte de pent of the
Sikh forces, on this side of the
Sutlej,) and carried their position.

after four hours of obstinate fight-
ing. The Sikhs lost 12.tKH> men
and Go pieces of ni"tilicry. The
English had 300 nien killed, 13 of
whom were ofliccrs, and 2^500
won n tied , of \v h oni 1 U 1 were office rsi .
Her Majesty's 53rd and Glfnd regi-
ments fiuflered enormously ; General
Dick and Brigadier Taylor are
among the dead. This victor^' was
followed, it is said, by au agree-
ment! ftccoi^ing to which the Sikhs
have engaged to pay, in four yearly
instalments^ to the Companyt for
theerpenBCsof the war, 1 ,dO0,000L
sterling, the payment to bo gua-
ranteed by the military occupation
of their country/'

APRIL.

0. Extraordinary Death. —
The Imdy of Captain Hannibal
Tucker, a retired otlicer of the
East India Company, was* found
frightfully mutilated under the cir-
cumstances detailed in the follow-
ing evidence, given at the coro-
ner's inquest held on the body
of the unfortunate gentleman.
Richard Mnrby» a farmer, said
that between three and four o'clock
on the morning of the 1st instant.
Hs he was returning home, ho saw
Hvii issuing from the roof of Cap-
tain Tuckcr^s house, and knocked
at tin* iloor, but received no an-
swer. The court-yard gate was
wide open ; he then knocked up
the next-dour netglihonr, named
Ingrain. After exerting them-
selves, in the coriri^e of an hour
the tire was extinguished, and
they then conrrnenced searching
the ruins. At tive o'clock they
found the hcnly of the ileceajsed
under the rubbish. The left arm
was under the body, and in the
right hand was a pistol, which
bad been discharged. There was

58

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

A loaded one lying under the de-
ceased. It further appeared that
the deceased was dressed, and
one of his pockets humt, through
which 11«. had fallen. lie was in
Ae hahit of keeping pistols in the
bouse to protect himself, and they
were secured hy a chain to his
bed, and near the window. He
waa very eccentric in his habits,
and although a married man, and
baving a daughter, he lived in the
boose by himself. Mr. Gumey,
a surgeon, described the fright-
ful wounds which bad caused the
d«ath of the deceased. The whole
of the skull was fractured. On
the right side of the head, just
above the car, was the mark of
the entrance of a bullet. He be-
lieved the deceased had shot him-
self. The other parts of his body
were dreadfully mutilated. Many
of his limbs were broken by the
fallen rubbish. The jury, after
a lengthened inquiry, returned a
verdict, " That the deceased had
destroyed himself while in a Btatc
of temporary insanity.'*

3. Oxford and Cambridge Boat
Race. — Another of these gallant
contests between the men of the
two Universities terminated this
day in favour of the Cambridge
crew. The race of last season
having terminated in favour of the
Cantabs, the Oxonians became
the challengers, and the course
of water to be rowed over was
different from that usually se-
lected, being that part of the river
which stretches from Mortlako to
Putney. The betting, in conse-
quence of their previous victories,
was in favour of the Cambridge
boat. At starting the Oxonians
obtained a slight advantage ; this
was soon lost, and the contest be-
came very equal, but at Hammer-
tmith Bridge the Cambridge men

bad slightly the advantage. The
exertions of the men now became
most strenuous, and the speed of
the boats through the water very
great ; but although the Oxonians,
by desperate efforts, had at one
time brought their boat even with
that of their opponents, they were
unable to sustain the exertion,
and the men of Cambridge abot
through Putney Bridge about
three boats' length ahead of their
gallant competitors.

4. The Yarmouth Murder. —
The convict, Samuel Yarham,
some details of whose extraordi-
nary trial and conviction will be
fouud in our ** Law Cases," this
morning suffered the last penalty
of the law in front of Norwich
Castle. The execution waa at-
tended by at least 20,000 persons,
females as well as males, nearly
2000 of whom came from Yar-
mouth by railway for the occasion.
The criminal made no confession
of his guilt, but no longer persisted
in asserting his innocence, main-
taining a doggeil silence.. Royal
and Mapes, two of the men who had
been committed and tried for the
murder, as joint principals with
Yarham, who was admitted evi-
dence for the crown against them,
but who were acquitted, were no-
ticed among the crowd at the foot
of the scaffold.

The above execution stands in
one respect almost unparalleled in
English history — that of a man
being hanged for a murder, after
he had been allowed to give evi-
dence against three supposed ac-
complices in the same offence,
lie is also executed upon state-
ments which he himself made
whilst under the impression that,
in consequence of having given
such evidence, he was free from
any ulterior proceedings.

p

APRIL]

CHRONICLE.

59

I

ICKJ9
^ Ul' I

I

— Collision at Sea and
SinrwREGKs, — Tlio WatenrMi, a
powerful stoam-tug, was run down
l»y a school I cr* at the entrance of
the Frith tif Foiih» in the nighty
and all liamls, six in number,
perishetK The people of tlie
schooner declare thtit there wiis
tio li»ok-out kept un hoard the
steamer, and thuugli they hailed
her, i»o notice was taken of tliem.
The gchooner it^^elf sustained a
good dual of damage, and heeled
over considerahlj from the violence
of the shock. Cries for assi stance
proceeded from tlie Wain-Hitch,
and the schooner tacked abont
imtued lately to render it, hut ull
had disappeared, gave a few flt^at-
iitg fragments of tlio wreck,

iNoEMors Smuocjuni., — A3 a
man ^vas hioking round hxa uiati-
ter'a iielil, near Lynn, he per-
ceived some bales of tobacco lying
uear a haystack ; upon search, the
custom-house officers discovered
that the haystack bnd been com-
pletely hollowed out and funiied
into a depot for smuggled goodis,
the entrance being concealed by
Ioo96 hay. Sixty-threo packages
ol' tobaceo» weighing near a ton
ftTid a half, were seized in this in-
iotta hiding-place.

^- Mr, llAXims^^ Pictures, —
The following critique upon the
two last pictures of the unfortu-
iiato artist, 1 1 ay don, derive a
melancholy interest from his siib-
f)Oqiieiit disoHiroua end. Being
written before tbfit sad cata-
fttrapho they may be received ns
a just opinion, founded on their
merit;*, and not coloured by the
fuelings the ovcnt was calculated
to produce : —

** The priyatc view of two pic-
turea, recently finiahed by this
artist, was ou Saturdny atlorded

to hifl friends and a select party of
connoisseurs, itc, at the Egyptian
ILiU, Piccadilly. The subject of
the first , and what may be called
the moBt important of tlicsc two
pictures, is the * Banishment of
Arit^tide^/ i\nd is intended by the
artist to show the * injuatico of
democracy ; ' and, hy exhibiting
tho representation of an histori-
cal fact, to convey a moaning and
refid a political lesson without the
aid of allegory or the exaggeraiiori
of fahle. Tlvo description of the
picture is thus given in tho words
of the artist himself: — * The mo-
ment taken tn this picture ia the
moment after the decree of the
peo|de, when Aris^tides and his
family, and household dog, are
leaving the Piracan gate. Aria-
tides is looking to heaven, and
appealing to the Gods, On hiis
left ann leans his wife, with her
newly -horn infant, looking with
ajiprehensivo indignation at the
mob, which is hooting and point-
ing at her. Holding the belt of
his robe on the right is his son
LysimneluiSt too young to com-
prehend completely the condition
of his father, hut not so young
a a not to he aware that there
is fionictliing to be alarmed at.
Close to the right arm of Aiistides
is a venerable arch on of tho Areo-
pagus, rca'^oning and appealing to
Tbeuiistocles on the gross* injustice
of the decision. Theniistocles, as
a statesTTian and warrior, i^^ Ptand-
ing armed on tbc step of a tomb
by the road side, and maliciously
enjoying the fate of the man ho
feared. The arcbnn l<»okrt as if
be bad a strong suspicion ibot
Themiwtock'S was at the biittom of
the whole. Behind the archon are
some of the vicif^us deniagognes
who had banished Aristides, whilst

I

4

60

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

on tbc opposite side, on the left of
the wife of Aristides, is another
■with red cap (the pileus), an
Athenian fisherman venting his
hatred, and only kept from vio-
lence by the look of a good man,
with black hair, between the two,
who checks by his expression the
malice of the other, whilst a
fiend behind is smiling at his vio-
lence. LeaniDg on the shoulder
of the fisherman is his old and
malignant mother, who is en-
couraging her son, and pointing
at and hissing the virtuous family.
Below, kneeling, is a gray-headed
veteran of republicanism and spite,
picking up stones and dirt to be
used when Aristides is sufficiently
distant. Above him is a young
man crippled and blind, who,
though unable to see, is grati-
fying his detestation by a hiss.'
This will explain the manner in
which Mr. Haydon has treated his
subject. The picture contains up-
wards of twenty figures of the size
of life, exceedingly well grouped,
and so arranged as to give a dig-
nity to the general effect propor-
tionate to the subject. All these
figures are finely drawn, the out-
line of tho principal figures being
exceedingly free, correct, and
grand. They all stand well to-
gether as a connected whole, and
no figure is there which does not
belong to the story and help to
make it intelligible. The diver-
sity of character and expression
is also felicitous. The shades of
feeling, good and evil, and the
sympathy and repugnance of each
spectator or actor, are made ap-
parent, yet there is no distortion,
nothing beyond the truth. This
is, perhaps, the best picture ever
painted by the artist ; it deserves
to secure, and it is to bo hoped

will secure, to him a fitting reward
for his labours. Tlie second pic-
ture contains but one figure, at
least but one in the foreground,
and represents Nero playing on his
harp amidst the conflagration of
Rome. This picture, as well as
the other, is painted with freedom
of hand and great breadth of light
and shade, and with strict atten-
tion to the accessories. It will
not, however, as appears to our
judgment, please so much as its
companion, neither does it unite
80 many qualities of art."

— Shipwreck. — Intelligence
has been received of the wreck of
tho ship Mary, which left England
in 1843 on a whaling expedition,
on one of the Woodlark Islands,
during a stoim on the 21 si of
November of that year. Seven
of the crew perished, but twenty-
eight reached land, and were hos-
pitably received by the natives.
Her commander, finding there was
no chance of speaking with a ship,
resolved to build a small vessel,
and it was finished in about nine
months. After it was launched,
and just as tho party were about
to set sail, the natives, instigated,
it is believed, by a feeling of re-
venge for a foul crijno committed
by one of the men, came down
upon the unsuspecting sailors and
killed seven of them, including the
captain. The survivors took re-
fuge in another of the islands, and
were well received; but the inha-
bitants of the first island made
known their grievance to their
neighbours, and they, taking part
in the quarrel, massacred all the
Englishmen, save one who hap-
pened to be in a wood. This man
was assisted to escape by a native,
whose life he had been the means
of saving.

APPJL]

CHRONICLE.

ei

9. PbAYER op TflAKKSfaVINU
FOR THE ViCTOHIEK IS' IXPIA. —

His Grace the Arcbbisbop of Can-
terburjj m accordance witli ibo
Onler of Her Majesty in Council,
has prepared the ft>llowincf Form
of Prajcr ami Tbauks^iviug for
the repeated and sii^Ti*il vie tones
obtained by tbe tronj>t* of Her
Majesty, and by tliose of the
iloiionraKle East India Company,
iu tlie vicinity of tbe SiUtej ; to
be used .it Aiornin^ and I'^jvenin^^
Service, after tbe general tbiiriks*
giving, in all ebnrclics anil chapel-^
in England ami Wales, and in tlie
town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, upon
Sundfiy next, the llftb instant, or
tbe Sunday after tbe ministerfi (*f
such chaiche.H and ebapels slmll
respectively receive tlie same ; —

•*A FORM OF rilATTER ASP TIlASKS-
OlvrXO TO ALMIOHTY 00I>.

" 0 Lord, God of Hor^ts, in
whose band is powm- ami nn^bt
irresistible, we, Tbinc nawtirtliy
servant i!t, most bunildy acknow-
ledge Tby goodnes?* in the vic-
tories lately vouchsafed to tbe ar-
mies of our Sovereign over a host
of barbarous invaders, who songbt
to spread desolation thro ugh fruit-
ful and populous provincets, enjoy-
ing tbe blcs&ings of peace undi r
the protCHjlion of ibe British cioAvn,
Wo bless Thee, 0 merciful Lord,
for having brought to a i^peedy and
prosperous issue a war to wbieb no
oceasion bad heen given by injus-
tice on our part or apprebenwion
of injury at our band;*. To Thee,
0 Tjonl, we ascribe tbe glory ; it
was Thy wisdom wbieb guitlcd
the councils, Thy power which
atrengtbened the hands of those
vrhum It pleased Thee to use as
Thy instruments in the discom-
fiture of tbe lawless aggrosiior, and
the prostration of hid ambitious de*

signs. From Thee alone comcth
tbe victory, and tbe spirit of mo-
deration and mercy in tbe day
of success, Cont'mue, we beseecb
Thee, to go forth with our armies
whensoever they are called into
battle in a righteous cause ; and
dispose tbe hearts of tbeir leaders
to exact nothing more from the
vam|msbed than U necessary for
tbe maintenance of peace and ie-
euiity against violence and rapine,

'* Above all, give Tby grace to
those who preside in the councils
of our Sovereign, and administer
tbe concerns of her widely -ex-
tended dominions, that tliej^ may
apply "nil their endeavours to tbe
purposes designed by Thy good
providence in committing sueli
power to their bands,^ — tbe tern-
pora! and spiritual benefit of the
nations intrusted to tbeir care.

'* And whilst Tliou preservest
our distant possessions from tlie
horrors of war, give us peace and
plenty at home, that tbe earth
may yiuld her increase, and that
we, Tbj servants, receiving Thy
blessings with thankfulness and
gladucis of heart, nmy dwell
together in unity, and faitlifull^'
serve Thcc^ to Tby honour and
glory, through Jesus Christ our
Lord, to whom, with Thee and
the Holy Ghost, belong all domi-
nion and powei', both in heaven
and earth, now and for over.
Amen I '*

12. Arrir>KNT ox thk EASTEnx
CouxTiKs Railway — An accident
producing very extensive loss and
injury, although human life was
wondci'fully spared, occurred to a
spceiril train on the Eastern Coun-
ties It ail way, employed to convey
visitors to Newmarket for the ap-
proaching races. The directors, in
order to meet tbe convenience of
the ftubacribcrs to tbe Newmarket

6S

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Craren Meeting and the public, de-
termined to run a special train from
Shoredltcli on Sunday afternoon, at
half-past one o'clock, to Chester-
ford, undertaking to do the dis-
tance direct to Newmarket within
four hours. For this occasion more
than usual pains were adopted in se-
lecting first-rate engines, carriages,
drivers, guards, <kc., with a view of
avoiding the least mishap. At the
appointed time on Sunday the train
started, conveying Lord and Lady
Chesterfield, Lord E. Russell, and
the ^lite of the sporting world,
amounting to near 100. In ad-
vance, drawing the train, were two
of the finest engines that the com-
pany possess, built by Stothnrt,
Slaughter, and Co., both of the
same construction, with the excep-
tion of the foremost one having in-
side cylinders, and the second an
outside one. The train was rather
heavy. Next to the tender of the
second engine were five horse-boxes,
then a second-class carriage, three
first-class carriages, three second-
class, and two trucks at the rear. The
speed attained was about forty-three
miles per hour, when, midway be-
tween Edmonton and the Ponders-
end station, about nine miles and a
half from the metropolis, the second
engine ran off the rails, tearing up
the road fearfully, and dragging the
train with it. For the moment,
nothing short of the second engine
dragging the train into a large ditch
was expected; the first engine, how-
ever, still held on its course, and
actually dragged on the second one,
and forced it on to the rails unin-
jured, the firemen and stokers re-
taining their position. The fate of
the carriage portion of the traiu,
however, was far more unfortunate,
and the preservation of the passen-
gert can be scarcely conceived. As
Sefore stated, it followed the course

of the second engine on the perma-
nent way for about twenty-five yards,
when the coupling which held it
snapped asunder, and, as the engine
regamed the rails, the train shot
down the embankment into a ditch
filled with water. The crash of the
carnages was terrific, and the alarm
and excitement that ensued amongst
the passengers indcscnbable. The
train became a perfect wreck ; the
first part, comprising the horse-
boxes, was partly buried in the
ditch, and almost crushed to pieces
by the weight of the carriages pitch-
ing upon them. The next carriage,
a second-class one, containing a
number of porters, was thrown on
its side. Such was the concussion,
that every portion of it, except the
side uppermost and the flooring,
was knocked away, and yet not a
soul inside was hm't. The second
guard was on the roof of this car-
riage, biit escaped destruction, al-
though the next carriage, a first-
class one, mounted the roof; he
was found amongst the fragments
bleeding from the head, and ap-
parently mortally injured. The re-
maining carriages were all more or
less damaged. The chief guard was
saved by being thrown on to the
wires of the electric telegraph, and
tilted over into the ditch. Many of
the passengers were severely in-
jm-ed by contusions, but no limbs
were broken. Three very valuable
horses were killed. The loss to the
company is estimated to amount to
between 3,000?. and 4,000/.

— ACCIDEXT ON THE BrAKD-

LiXG Junction Railway. — An ex-
traordinary and fatal accident oc-
curred on this railway. The ten
o'clock train from Gateshead was
proceeding at a rapid rate from
brockley >Vhin8 to Shields, when,
on taking a curve near the Jarrow
Alkali Works, the engine got off

APRIL]

CHRONICLE.

es

I

the lino, dragi^ed the teiuler with
it, and bftvirig become di&eon net- ted
from the passorif^er-camnges by the
brenkltig of tho eoupbng t-hain,
dash I'd over the embankment, ftiul
through the roof of a row *tf dwell -
uig-huuses. Oil the ^round-tloor of
one of which it fin idly stopped, rest-
ing on its end, with the tender
above it jtoiHed hi a most fearful
position. The only inmates of tlie
Ijouse, which was thus completely
denioliiilicd^ were two women and a
child, all of whom were most seri-
ouiily injured ; one of the women by
the engine having fallen niton her
legi which was literally crnslied to
utoiiis, (uf which injury, and aljso
from HcahU, ^he died twu days sub-
secjuently,) and the otlicr woman
and the child dreadfully scalded by
the escape of steam nnd the boiling-
water which rushed from tlie boiler.
The force of the engine and its
^^eat weight cut through the bnihl-
mg almost like a razor, so that the
neigh boo ring houses received but
little injury. The cngincvman and
stoker were tlirown fron^ the en-
gine and alighted on that portion
of tlic roof which remained, receiv-
ing serious contuisiona by the fiilL
One passenger, who was riding out-
:side the train, had both hh legs
bniken ; hnt fortunately none of the
passenger-carriages were droggc*d
from the liae.

— Fatal AceiDENT. — ^A fatal
accident occnrrcd at the Hunger-
ford t^t earn -boat pier, caused by
the fragile nature of the construc-
tion. The pier is formed of a
imtnber of barges floating in the
water, the communication between
some of them consisting of sliglit
woollen bridges. During the course
of the afternoon, a considerable agi-
tation of vhe water waa caused by
the arrival of three steamers while
the title was running down rapidly j

and the barges ewayiiig about a
good deal, the fastening of one end
of a bridge gave way, canning it to
fall into the water; three people
fell with it, and two pcri.shed ; the
third, a lady, having been got out
of the water in time for recovery.

The inquest on the body reco-
vered, that of Mr. .T. Powell, took
place on the following Wednesday,
The platform which gave w^ay was
merely a connecting one between
two barges which were fastened to
piles at a distance of two feet apart;
the fastenings a2>pear to have been
far too slight to bear the Btrain
cansefl by the movements of the
barges. Tlte jury returned a ver-
dict accordingly, and levied a deo*
dand of .^U^, on the two floating
bargi^a and the connecting platform.

17, ExTitAoumsAuY Thial fou
BiuAMY. — The law courts of iJnbliu
have produced a most extraordinary
Herics of prosecutions on charges of
bigamy. The trial of the case of
** The t^ueen v. Mary Jane Scott**
commenced in the Commission
Court on Monday the 13th, and did
not terminate until this afternoon.
The particulars of this extraordi-
nary case were as follows. The
pri.-toner, a nhort time since, was
tried for marrying Mr. Scott of
Cahercon, while Mr. Gal way, her
iirst hudband, was still alive, and
was acquitted on a point of law, it
being proved that Gal way was nut
her iirst hu-sband, but a person
named Carter. She was now tried
for liaving married Gal way. Carter
being alive. It appeared from the
evidence for the prosecution, that
the prisoner's maiden name was
Coburn, and that she was a native
of Letterkenny, county Donegal,
where she manicd Carter in 1813.
After a short time they separated,
when she came to Dublin and took
the name of L'Efitrauge ; and hav^

6i

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1840

ing become acquainted with Gal way,
was married to him by the Rev. Mr.
Wood, in the Haymarket. Galway,
who appears to have been a loose
character, and lived with two or
three women to whom he was not
married, afterwards separated from
her in London. She then went to
Paris, and having married Mr.
Scott, she was tried for bigamy,
and, as before stated, acquitted.
The defence to the present prose-
cution rested principally on testi-
mony disproving the evidence of
Robert Lewis Carter, the principal
witness for the prosecution ; also on
testimony establishing that James
Carter was a member of tlio Esta-
blished Church, and not (as stated
for the Crown) a Presbyterian, thus
invalidating the prisoner's marriage
with him, and rendering the present
indictment bad in law.

The prisoner, who was now nearly
fifty years of age, was still pos-
sessed of no ordinary share of per-
sonal attractions, and maintained the
greatest composure throughout this
lengthened trial, and was elegantly
and fashionably attired.
. The proceedings on this case oc-
cupied three days ; on the third
evening the jury retired to consider
the evidence ; at half-past eleven at
night there appeared to be no chance
of their agreeing on a verdict ; they
were locked up, and it was not be-
fore half-past one p. m. on the follow-
ing day that they decided upon re-
turning a verdict of Not Guilty, on
the ground that Carter, the first
husband, was a Protestant, and not
a Presbyterian, and that conse-
quently the prisoner's marriage
with him was invalid.

There seems to have been some
especial motive at work against this
woman, for another indictment had
been prepared for the contingency
^f her escaping this ; the next in*

dictment charged her with haviDg
married Antony Gal way, her first
husband. Carter, being alive. Im-
mediately upon her acquittal on the
former indictment, the prisoner's
counsel announced his intention of
bringing this second* to an issue ;
an attempt was made by the prose-
cutors to postpone the trial in order
to procure evidence ; but this being
refused by the court, and the ob-
jection to the validity of the mar-
riage with Carter being sustained,
the prisoner was finally acquitted.
The prisoner has, therefore, expe-
rienced the following lucky escapes.
In 1813 she married Carter; in
1821 she married Gal way, Carter
being alive ; and in 1 833 she mar-
ried Scott, both Carter and Galway
being living. Shortly after the last
marriage she was indicted for mar-
rying Scott, Galway being alive,
and escaped by producing Carter,
and proving him, and not Galway,
to be her real husband ; she was
now indicted for marrying Galway,
Carter being alive, and escaped by
proving the marriage with Carter
invalid ; and lastly, for marrying
Scott, Carter being alive, and was
acquitted on the same ground.

18. Attempt on the Kino op
THE French. — The second edi-
tions of the London morning journ-
als contained the following shock-
ing intelligence: —

" The Timts Office, Saturday Morning.

"At half-past fiye o'clock on
Thursday afternoon, at the mo-
ment when the King was returning
from a drive, and was passing
through the park of Fontainbleau,
a person mounted on a wall fired
at his Majesty.

** Providence has once more
watched over the days of the King.

'* The Queen, the Princess Ade-
laide, the Duchess of NemourSi and

I

the Princess of Salerno, were ia
the King's carringe.

•* No one was hurt ; tbree balls
cut the fringe which ornamented
the char-a-btj^ni*.

** The wadding whU-h fell be-
tween the King and the Queen
wa» found by her Majeisty.

'* The assassin was iniraedjately
arrested. Ilia name is Lecomtc,
He i« an old wood-ranger (ancun
garde generaJe) of the fitrest of
Fontaittbleau/*

For the particulars of tins atroci-
ous attempt see our ** Law Cases/'
— " Trial of Lecomte,'"

19, Inhu, — 'The OrERLAxo
MAiL.^The Overland Mail brings
intelligeufe of the entry of the
British army into Lahore, the ca-
pital of the FunJQuh, and the sur-
render of the Maharajah into the
!iands of tlie British comniandera,

<Jn the 2Udi of Fehraary the
British army appeared under the
walls of Lai lore ; and the first
thing done was to make arrange-
ments for sending Dhulecp Singh
to his pnlaee. These were parti-
cularized in a general order from
the Governor-General to the Com-
mander-in-Chief, and were ol»vi-
oualy intended to mark strongly
the power, and at the same time
the forbearance t of the British
government, under whose protec-
tion and by whose arms the young
prince was conducted to his an-
cestral residence.

Mn Currie, the secretary to tbe
government of India, was intrusted
with the charge of the Mahura-
jab and suite. The escort pro-
ceeded to the Maharajah *» camp»
distant about a mile and a half.
Mr. Currie, in reporting the ful-
filment of his mission, writes —

*' At about three-4juarters of a
mile from the Maharajdli'^ camp
I was met by the miniijtei'. Rajah

Vol. LXXXVIIL

Gholab Singh, and some of the
chiefa. Intimation ol" our ap-
proach was then sent on to tfie
Maharajah, that he might he
ready on his elephant upon our
arrival. On reaching thf Maha-
rajah's camp the troops of our
escort drew up, and the Maiiara-
jah» with Bhftt?e Ram Singh on
the same elephant, came forward
from his tent» acconipanied by se-
veral chiefs. After the usual sa-
hitation, and complinientary (jnes-
tiims and replies, I placed the Ma*
harajah*s elephant next to mine ;
and the troops having fallen in, as
at first, proceeded round the walla
of the city to the gate of the
citadel

** On arriving, Brigadier Cureton
drew up the escort in line in front
of the gateway ; and I took the
Maharojah, accompanied by the
oflfieers ennmerated in tlie former
part of this letter, with Rajah
Gbolah Singh and the other chiefs,
into the interior of the citadel, and
t^ the inner door of hie palace.
I then observed to the Maharajah
and chiefs that, by order of the
right Imnourable the Governor-
General, I had thus brought the
Maharajah, conducted by the Bri-
tish army, to his palace, which bis
Highness had left for the purpose
of tendering suhii:i?sion to the Bri-
tish government, and for placing
himself, his capital, and his coun-
try at the mercy of the Governor*
General, and re<|uesting pardon for
the insult that had been ofi*ercd;
and that the Governor-General had
thus restored him to his palace, as
a mark of the favour which he de-
aired to show to the descendant of
the late Maharajah Runjeet Singh.
A salute of twenty-one guns was
then tired by the horjsc artillery.
We then took leave of the Maha-
rajah at the gate of his palace ;

F

4

i

i

66

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Mid, returniDg to the <mtside 6f
the city, we, coDtinuing our pro«-
greM round Lahore, thus returned
to our camp. As our camp is si-
tuated opposite the south-east end
of the city face, and the citadel is
immediately within the city walls,
at the north-west angle, we made
the entire circuit of Lahore. I
considered this preferahle to going
through the city, the streets of
which are very narrow, and would
have much impeded the progress
of our large escort.

" We did not see one gun upon
any part of the walls : all their
emhrasures were empty.**

On the 22nd the citadel of La*
hore and a part of the palace was
formally taken possession of by a
brigade of British troops, under the
personal command of Lord Gough.
Some British officers have been
admitted within the walls ; and
one of them writes no very tempt-
ing account of our conquest : —

" Lahore appears to me the
filthiest city I ever entered, and
can boast of but few lions. The
mosque close to the Summum
Boorj (Badshahee) has been a
noble structure, and is still a
splendid ruin. Runjeet Singh de-
molished the cupolas, and turned
the whole place into a magaaine:
his own Summad is now being
garnished with the marble taken
from the domes. The area of the
city is not great, but the houses
are lofty, and every spot crowded.
The place is filled with desperate
vagabonds : almost every second
nan is armed. They receive us
quietly just now, alUiough some
twenty thousand soldiers are lurk-
ing in the narrow courts and
streets. Lahore is begirt with a
doable line of defences, the walls
hdkf% tkut ditok deep mad wide,
aad tkn bastions magnificent in

size, but the whole utteily weak«
The Shabemar gardens ara large,
but in beauty by no means equal
to Deig. The Bhuagee Tope, or
monster gun, would be a fine tre^
phy ; but he is to be left here, as
not having taken the field against
us.**

25, EXTBAOBDIKABT HoMICIDB

IN Drury Lane. — About half-past
8 o*olock in the evening a tnoat
extraordinary and unaccountable
act of homicide was perpetrated at
the comer of Princes Street and
Drury Lane.

At the hour above stated Thomas
Blewitt, a lithographic printer, was
proceeding homewards down Dmty
Lane. On his arriving within a
few paces of Princes Street, the
report of a pistol was heard, and at
the same instant the unfortanate
man was observed to stagger and
appear about to fall. A man named
Samuel Shuttonwood, who was
standing outside the wine vaults at
the comer of Princes Street^
rushed towards him, and caught
him in his arms. Shuttonwood'ft
impression was, that the unfor-
tunate man had shot himsi^> and
while in the act of supporting him,
he addressed him in words to that
effect. Blewitt answered fiuntly
that he had not mjured himself, but
that he feared some person had
shot him. Shuttonwood then tore
open the unfortunate man's shirt,
and at once discovered a buUet-
wound near the left nipple, fh>m
which the blood flowed A!«ely.
Without loss of time, the poor
fellow was conveyed to King's Col*
lege Hospital. On examinatioii by
the house surgeon, it was discovered
that the ball had entered the poor
fellow's chest and passed completely
through his body, perfbimfuig the
badL of his coat, through whiek it
also passed, ht its pawiiage it did

i

not appear to have seriously in-
jured any of the vital organs or
larger arterieu. The unfortunate
man lingered until the 1 1th of May.
On arriving at the ho*pitah Bleiritt,
w th 8ome ditficnlt}% made the fol-
lowing statement : —

*• I am 26 years of age» and
reside at 18, White Horfte-yard*
Drury Lane, I am a lithographic
printer, and work at Messrs. Graff
and Sorry *s, in Oxford Market,
About half-past eight n 'clock this
evening I was walking down Dnirj
Lane, towards home, and when
near the cook shop at the corner of
Princes Street I felt a Mow, and
at the same time saw a flask as if
it came from the cook shop, I
heard the report of a giw or pistol.
I also felt that I was wounded and
cried out. I saw no one at the
tifioe, and I have no reason to sus-
pect any one of the deed.

The perpetrator of this act had
well-nign pftssed undetected. On
every Saturday evening the im-
mediate scene of the catastropJie
is densely crowded with persona
chiefly of the lower nrders ; and
althongh the report of the pistol,
and the subsequent fall of the
wounded man, necessarily created
aiuch ftlann among the bystanders,
lio individual seems to have oh-
eerved tlie perpetrator immediately
after the oecurrenec, and had it not
been for the praiseworthy conduct
of A young man named Fisher, who
met the person in question at a dis-
tance of some 30 or 40 yards and
followed him, the great probabiiily
is that he would have altogether
escaped. When the wounded man
criea out, a crowd instantly col-
lected arfjund him. No one seems
to have fixed their eye on the author
«f the mischief, possibly from the
impression that the unfortunate
had shot himself p Immedi-

ately after the shot was fired,
police-constable 32 F, having oh*
served a crowd at the corner of
Princes Street, was hastening
down Drury Lane, when he met
a young man» and inquired of hin>
what was the matter. The youth
rephed, somewhat nervously, ** Oh,
it is a man shot by accident!"
The pohceman, not at .ill siuspect-
ing his informant, hurried on to
the spot. Immediately afterwards
the assassin took to his heels and
ran up Drury Lane towards Gr»t
Queen Street. This circumstanc©
was idiserved by the young man
John Fisher, above alluded to, who
had himself heard the pistol fired,
hut who, from being at some dis-
tance from tire wounded man, had
not had his attention occupied by
him. Suspecting something wrong
he immediately ran after the youth,
pursuing him the whole length of
Great Queen Street, to the comer
of Little Queen Streets When op-
posite the picture shop at the
comer of the latter thoroughfare,
the youth, who was not aware that
he was pursued, stopped to recover
his breath. Fie wa.s overtaken by
Fisher at the same instant, who
ai^ked htm whether he was aware
what he hrid been doing ? The
young man replied by asking Fisher
whether he had harmed any per*
son ? Fisher said it was no matter
whether ho had or not, but he must
accompany him back to Drury
Lane. The assassin then im-
plored Fisher to let him go, re-
marking that if he did not he
should be in trouble all his life.
Anticipating resistance Fisher
caught bold of his arm, when the
young man once again begged that
he woub! release him, Fisher said
he couhl not do so, and proceeded
to conduct him hack along Great
Queen Street, In their progreis
F 2

4

68

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

FiBher observed that bis prisoner
kept one of his hands in his left
coat pocket. Acting on impulse,
Fisher caught hold of his hand,
and asked what he had there.
The assassin coolly rephed that it
was only a pistol — the one, he
added, which he had just let off in
Drury Lane. Fisher took the
pistol from him, and delivered him
into the custody of the police. The
prisoner proved to be John Graham,
clerk to a solicitor. An inquest
was held on the body, when evi-
dence to the above effect was
given ; other evidence was also pro-
nced showing that the prisoner
had been in the habit of carrying
fire-arms about the streets.

Louisa Cook, a servant girl,
stated that she was walking near
Princes Street, Drury Lane, on
Saturday night, April 25, between
8 and 9 o*clock, when she met a
lad and accidentally stumbled
against him. He turned reproach-
fidly towards her, and, calling
her a b — w — , asked what she did
that for? She rejoined, "Can
you prove me one, you puppy ?*'
and walked down Princes Street.
He presently followed her, and
striking her on the shoulder, said,
*• You called me a puppy, did
you?** She said, ** And you called
me a w — !*' He then said, ** If
it wasn*t for one thing, I*d do for
you to-night. * * As she at the same
moment observed the butt-end of a
pistol projecting from his coat
pocket, she became alarmed, and
said she would call £or a policeman
and give him into custody for
threatening her life. He then
walked away in the direction of
Drury Lane. Shortly afterwards
ahe he^rd the report of fire-arms,
and followed a number of people
who were going towards the Bow
Street police-station. She told a

policeman what had occurred to
her, and, on being taken into the
station-house, immediately identi-
fied Graham, who had been appre-
hended, as the youth who had
threatened her life only a few
minutes previously.

Constable F 83 said, on seeing
the prisoner in company with the
young man Fisher, who had
followed and overtaken him, he
went to apprehend him. He sud,
'* Policeman, is the man hurt ? It
was quite an accident." Witness
searched him at the station, and
found five leaden bullets and a
powder flask in his pockets. Fisher
had taken possessioi^ of his pistol.
The prisoner added that he was
going to the shooting gallery in
Drury Lane.

William Pocock, F 14, (an officer
of the detective force,) deposed that
on Saturday evening, the 25th alt.,
he heard the prisoner Graham give
his address as *' No. 1, Harrison
Street, Gray's Inn-road," to which
place he then proceeded, between
9 and 10 o'clock. On reaching
the house he was shown into a small
back room at the top of the stairs,
which was represented to him as
that of the prisoner. He there
found two guns, one powder-flask,
containing six ounces and a half of
gunpowder, a shot-bag and belt
containing small shot hanging over
the mantel-piece, a small box con-
taining three small cannons, a
bullet-mould, and 20 leaden halb,
with several pieces of metal; also a
small screw-driver and a variety of
other articles connected with fire-
arms, such as a powder-canis-
ter, kc. He also found one book,
upon the elements of chemistry.

The father of the prisoner stated,
that he had always evinced a great
taste for fire-arms and for playing
with gunpowder, and being his

MAY]

CHRONICLE.

eldest and favourite sod, he bad
unfurtimatelj allowecl iiim to in-
dulge it. It further appeared tliat
tbe prisoner was in the Iiabit of goiug
out into the suburhs shooting birds
on Sunday mornings oecasionally.

The Jury returned a verdJet of
*' Manslaughter** against John
Graham, who was tried on the 18th
June, and found *' Not Guilty/'

ERrpTioN%s OK Mo I' NT Hecla.
— This volcano baa !>een in a
contmued state of aetivity for some
time past. Besides* the destnic-
tion caused hy the eruptions, they
have Ijeen ftdlowed by another
vieltation ; a fatal malady having
attacked the cattle, from eating
herbage which had been covered by
the volcanic ashes.

*' These ashes act more par-
ticularly on the bones of the
animals which have swallowed
them. Thus, on the bones of the
feet there are fonned, in less
than twentj-four hour^, osseous
eJtcreseences of an oblong form,
which gradually assume so formid-
able a development that tliey pre-
vent the beasts from walking; (he
irame phenomenon is then niani-
fe*ted in the lower jaw, which is,
at the same time, enlarged, and
extends in all directions, so eon-
aiderably tliat it eventually splits in
several places ; whiUl on the teeth
of the upper jaw there is formed a
species of osseous needles, very
long and pointed, which take root
in the lower jaw, and even traverse
it — a phase of the malady which
always determines a fatal issue.
As high winds had prevailed fur
some time, tbe volcanic aahea were
scattered throughout the island ;
and a groat number of cattle,
especially oxen, cows, and sheep,
bad perished. If tbe eruption of
Hecla i» prolonged for two months
more, all the rural proprietors who

have not enongb hay to keep their
herds- — and the majority are in this
situation— will be obliged either to^'
slaughter their cattle.or to abando^H
them to certain death on the pas^^^
tures thus poisoned by the volcanic
ashes. The eruption of Mount
Hecla was extremely violent. The
flames which issued from the three

freat craters attained a height of
4,400 feet ; and their breadth
exceeded the greatest breadth of the
river Picersen, the most consider-
able river in Iceland. The lava
bad already fonned lofty moun-
tains; and amongst tbe masses of
pumico-Htone vomited by the vol-
cano* and whicb have been found
at a distance of three-fourths of
a mile, there were some whicb
weighed half a ton. By tbe erup-
tion of Hecla, the cnomKius quan-
tities of snow and ice which had
accumulated for several years on
the sides of that mountain have
melted, and partly fallen into the
river Rangen, which has overflowed
its banks several times. The
waters of that river, which runs
almost at the foot of Mount Hecla,
and which receives a large portion
i>f the burning lava, were so hot
that every day ihey cast upon
tbe banks iimnbersof dead trout,
almost balf-bakcd. Every nigbt
vivid streaks of the aurora horealia
illumined the skv/*

MAY.

4

I, Falkihk Election. — The
Earl of Lincoln, whose recent de-
feat for Notts is recorded in our
Chronicle, p, 35, achieved a some-
what unexpected victory in the
F al k i rk di st ri c t of b u rgbs . A large
part of these places are the pro-
perty of tbe Duke of Hamilton,
fatber-iri'law to the noble Earl ;
and although the general tendency*

70

ANNUAL REGISTER.

Ct846

of the manufacturing towns of Scot-
land IB adverse to the principles of
Conservatism, this circumstance,
and the high character of the noble
candidate proved sufficient to over-
weigh political feeling, and the
Cabinet again possesses a Secretary
for Ireland with a seat in the House
of Commons. The numbers at the
close of the poll were —

Earl of Lincoln . . . 506

— Wilson, Esq. . . 495

Majority .... 11

— Illegal Marriages.— i>tt6-
lin. — An important judgment was
given in the Court of Queen's
Bench, in the case of the Queen v.
the Rev. Richard Taggart, a Roman
Catholic clergyman, brought before
the Court on a special verdict found
at the Downpatrick Assizes. The
indictment against the traverser
was founded on the late marriage
Act, the 7th and 8th Victoria, cap.
81, sec. 45; and he was tried for
a felony in celebrating a marriage
between two Protestants. There
were several counts in the indict-
ment ; but the special verdict had
been found on the second, third,
fourth, and fifth counts in the in-
dictment, and which rested on the
provisions of the 45th section of
the statute. This raised an excep-
tion in the application of the Act
as to the case of Roman Catholic
priests celebrating marriages which
might then be lawfully celebrated,
and it was upon this exception that
the traverser's counsel relied.

The Chief Justice pronounced
the judgment of the full Court.
The indictment, as far as it had
been brought before them was
founded on the 45th section of the
7th and 8th Victoria, chap. 81.
There were several counts in the
indictment, and the especial verdict

i«iidod on the construction to be

given to the 45th section of the Act.
The charge against the prisoner
was, that he ha^ solemnized a mar-
riage in a certain unUceBsed plaoe^
between two members of a different
persuasion, and there was no forced
construction, no straining of words
to show that his case came within
the terms of the Act of Parliament.
The words were clear and explicit
— ^he was within its express terms,
and the only question was, had he
celebrated a marriage that waa not
within the operation of the statute?
He (the Chief Justice) would re-
peat it, that the present was not a
case in which the Court was spelling
out the intention of the Legislatnre;
their meaning was so clear and ex-
plicit as to leave no doubt. Com-
ing now to the exception in the Act,
the argument for the Crown ia this
~ originally, the marriage between
two persons who were Protestants,
or between a Protestant and a Ro-
man Catholic, by a Roman Catholic
clergyman, was valid. Then came
an Act of Parliament by which Ro-
man Catholic priests were made
subject to severe penalties, death,
and afterwards a fine of 500/., for
solemnizing such marriages, and
then the 19 George II. provided
that the marriage itself should also
be null and void. This was the state
of the law until the passing of the
3rd and 4th William IV., chap.
102, and by that Act all the pe-
nalties for the performance of such
ceremonies were repealed, but the
marriage itself remained invalid as
it was before. Such being the
state of things after 1833, until
the passing of the 7th and 8th
Victoria, chap. 81, the Court had
to consider the exemption contained
in that Act, and that exemption was
never intended to be a personal
privilege. It waa not meant to
extend the power or authority of

MAY

CHRONICLE.

\l

the priest in tlie celebration of
niarriagea, Imt to upliuld the va-
lidity of tiie ceremoDV wlien per-
formed between members of bis
own commwnion. It left free iind
untouched the rigbtd of that clergy
wlitsre the marriage would have
been previously legal i their right a
were to remain in that respect as
before the passing of the statute ;
but the marriage eel eb rated by a
Ronmn Catbolic priest between
Protestants was absolutely null and
void. The relation of man and
wife did not arise ; there was no
relation but that of concnbinago
between the parties, and the issue
were bastardized ; and what the
Court had now to consider was,
were those who eeluhrated mar-
riages invalidated by the law to be
protected by the xiet of Parliament
in question ? The exception as to
the Roman CatlioHc clergy from
penalties was in relation to mar-
riages that "may now be lawfully
celebrated" — the exemption did
not eitend to excuse them from the
general words of the Act, where
they eelebrated illegal marriages,
and, like the clergymen of other
persuasions, ttiey then came within
the penalties proscribed by the sta-
tute. There .should, tlicrefore» be
judgment for the Crown.

2. A Mauri AGE in High Life
PRBVENTED.— This momiiig, just
the Rev. M. D. Ffrench was
out to commence the morning

enrice at St. George's Hanover

iSquare, a license for marrirtge was

presented by a lady and gentleman.

Upon the document beiug read, the

Dverend gentleman was much sur-

■ised to tind that it authorised tht*
perfommnce of the ceremony for
parties no less distinguished than
the Lady Anna Eliza Mary Temple
Kugent Brydges Chandos Gren-

ille, daughter of Ilichard Plant a-
" genet, Duke and Marquis of Buck-

ingham and Chandos, and Gore I
Langton, Esq., son of Colonel Gore
Langton. The late hour at which
the proposed bride and bridegroom
reached the church rendered it im-
possible for the ceremony to be
performed previous to the morning
servic e . M r , F french ♦ i n t he m can -
time* seeing that the bride and
bridegroom were not accompanied
by any of their friends, and fearing
that the proposed maJTiage was a
clandestine one, eent a messenger
to the Duko of Buckingham to in-
form him that a marriage in whicl|_^_
he was so deeply interested wa^^f
about to take place. After a pause^*
of incredulous amazement, the
Duke hastened to St. George's
Church. In the meantime the
morning service had been com-
pleted, and the preliminaries had
been duly performed iu the vestrj',
and the parties had proceeded to
tlie altar to have their union com-
pleted. The clergyman had just
commenced, when the Duke of^B
Buckingham arrived, and warmly^H
expressed his decided objection to
the performance of the ceremony.
On the other hand, Mr. Gore Lsng-H
ton and the Imly claimed as a mat-"
ter of right that the ceremony
should proceed immediately, ilr,
Ffrench cahnly stated that his duty
did not aiford any option ; the
parties were» it appeared, of ma-
ture age, the license was in all
respects sufficient, and he was
hound to [Perform the ceremony
without further delay. A scene of
painful excitement on sued \ but
finally the clergyman declined to
perform the ceremony, and the lady
retired with her father. It was
stated that the objection of the
noble parents of the bride were
not so much directed against the
person of the bridegroom, (although
rauch surprised at the discovery of
the attachment,^ a% Iq iW A%:a

1

J2

ANN t AL REGISTER.

L846

p«rrt<?^ \rAr.» aiiK«>*»#iu«»T»riy 'iniwH.
trith rh^ '•'%n<w»Tir. t\Mn ntvr. in :he

- - >? fffp^ K {<<t T n A<vR.%y . — A 7*rj

B«tf^r**^<» P»r'Mar^. A Vi^mt .* 6>i<j**.k

f?M^ rm to Hnif^T^^n Hrulfi^f,, frnfm
ih^ Chf-UPH Mp, A^fr//mfr*niwl br

fmir T'*ftr«i (tf na^p; Mtt\ t%n infunt in
Httnn, mUo ft|<irl. ntroiii ivu mftnihn
nt A (wf'IrefiionUi ol«l. Whi-n phe
f(rft (ri (lip riiidflto of tho lm<li(i) Mio
wmIIihI fti nriil fro n f*'ir yanU in a
hurripil riintuipr, nml then thn*w
♦lie I'lilMriMi ofip fiftiM- ilio ntlior over
the t-nititiK*! intu tlm rivor, nn<l wnn
grttihtf nvi*!" thn tmlni*tt'nil«»n lior-
Kplft ^rniMi bIip wnp |irovon<oil «loinjf
M \}\ tli»» im^^iMi* liv. whi» upouroil
ll»»t*» nn»l «»no \vn«* tn\o« to the utA-
thmh«m«*o i« MihnnnV Kow. At
the utrttinn h<iM««> -ho Mrttrnl hor
ttrtmp to ho V.hr* rinrk, hor rtjjnp
24 V«*rti-« : thrtt ^ho >m\« tho wifo
rvf Willinm t'lAvk. a jouniovm«n
pAintor. Ininji nt No. 7. rwml>orUii4
Sttvot, Mnrll>OTN>ujj:h 1\o>r\ iMv^'lj^oA.
nn<^ thrtt tho t\^o yoimifi'^M ohihhvn
^^v^v hoi ox\ n. h\\\ tho oMoM m-nji iho
n<ir\ of hor hn*l>nn<Un n toi»mor ^ ifo,

Kvor<ion*x\oiv immtviiRtolx TriA<)o
on tho rivov to «irtfo (ho iiTifortnnftto
chiMivn ; tho w4N*on<i rhih] i« pir]>,
fonr yoftrv oW. w«v promptiv ro-
^i!o<l. nncl onrriofl to t)jo Si\'fln
p!ihlio hoM'io. i\-)iopo rovtorntivov
WOTV npplio<l. nn«l it^ lifi- pro!»orvofi.
Tho infnnl oliilii wns hNc proniptK
£ot OHt. h\\\ Hfi' i\'nv ^piit<- ovtiT>oi.
Tho hrvly oi t)>r oli^o^i ohiM x\-fl>
not ili^oovi^rod ni>til «o>vrwl «hi\>
pnh?o<]nont

Tho mi<»or»»hh ^romnn wn^ tnkoi.

wwnr nf^ornoov. !<i thi ^^ oi^t-

lif^r po)i>r.roii»-i unc! pin ^f^l »:

die bar. before \fr. BurreiL chiurged
with chmwintr her three infiint
«*hildren int*) the Thames from B«fr>
ceraea Briil^ze.

The poor creature, altfaooglL
Mmewhas meanly dressed, was a
pattern oi eleanlineas and neatneas,
and haii the appearance of a re-
iipeetabie and qniet woman.

James Perrjman, pot-boj at the
Adam and Ev-e, Duke Street,
Chelsea, said, at about fire minutes
before 3 o'eloek this afternoon I
was in the back yard of our house,
which looks upon the Thames, and
is close to Battcrsea Bridge. ' I was
on a sudden startled by hearing
something splash in the water, and
I looked towards the spot, and saw
a second child go from the centre
of tho bridge into the water, and
then I saw another one go in from
the sanic place. I immediately
went and told my mistress that I
had soon a woman throw her chil-
dren over the railings of Battersea
l^ridgi^ into the water.

Mr. Taylor, the chief clerk. —
Did you see any person throw the
children into the water f

\V i t nesf , — Y oi^, after hearing
the tirst fplash, which I suppose
muM have been caused by a chUd,
1 wiw tho prijioncr throw the two
others into the river ; there did not
appear to }ie much struggling.
The children were alive at the time
thex wore thro^im into the water.
1 sam one of them kicking ai> it fell
into the water. 1 t<dd my maiocr,
snd we jnniped into a boat and pm
oft't/»wnrd> them . 1 saw a man afier-
wnrils brine: « eliiid out. 1 afierwardf
wont on thf hridir<- and saw the
prr!»onev stnndinc near the parapet.

.les^r flatten, r. crardener at
^N Hndswnrth. -1 w«?k passinir over
Rot to 1X0*1 Kridc< Ai alKMit three
o'eWk. wboii I observe*! thf prl-
wwer walking bsekw«rd^ and i'm-
«Mr.J in n tpt' hnrric^] manner.

MAY]

CHRONICLE.

73

^

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and as «he Bccraed to be in the act
of jumping over, I took her bj tbe
arm, I asked her wliat she was
gomg to do, anil she mid &be had
thrown her children over there. I
looked over, and seeing two chil-
dren in the water, inquired what
ahe did it for ? 8he said, '* Dia-
trea&. She thought she had better
»ee her children go before her/'
I called a boat* and saw one child
picked up and taken to the Swan
puUlic'house, on the Surrey side of
the bridge.

On tlie prisoner being asked by
Mr» Taylor whether she wished to
pnt any questions to the witness,
she replied with mnch eftgerness,
but in a subdued tone* ** liave jon
got my baby ?'*

John Hinchifu a labourer, wa.s
croaaing the bridge when the pri-
Boner called out, ** I fere,, here, do
you see my children in the water."
She repeated this four or five times.
Witness went to the spot and saw
the children floating in the water
Witness observed, " I never saw
ao affecting a sight/* One child
appeared to be about two years and
a half old ; the other younger.
Witness saw but two. Witness
saw one picked up, apparently the
eldest ; tlie other floated a few
yards higher up and disappeared,
and, although the witness looked
several times, he could not see it.

Mr, Burrell asked the prisoner
whether she wished to say anything?

Prisoner looked eagerly around
her, and ejaculated in a low tone —
He said ** Good by/' when he went
dtit this morning ; he has not sni*!
80 for a long time before. lie
doubled his fist in my face when he
went out, and said, " TU come
home thundering drunk, and Til be
hung for you.*' lie broke the
panel of the door by kn«jcking my
head against it.

Mr. Burrell. ^ — Have you anything
to say to drowning your children ?

Prisoner {incoherently). — Sup-
pose I had died my poor children
would be starved to death. It's a
!mrd struggle now to get them a
hit of bread, 1 have ilone all I
could.

The prisoner was remanded.

Coroners* inquests were held up-
on the bodies, when evidence was
given of the continued brutal treat-
ment of the poor woumn by her
husband, a very profligate fellow,
and of the extreme destitution to
which tlie family were reduced.
Simie afflicting evidence was also
produced of the conduct of the wo-
man immediately before the cata-
strophe, by which it appeared that
if notice bad been taken of some
incoherent expressions she had
used, the tragic occurrence might
have heeti prevented. The Jury
returned a verdict of *^ Wilful
Murder" against EUza Clark. She
WAS tried for the murder of the in-
fant at the Central Criminal Court,
on the 15th of May, when the Jury
returned a verdict of ** Not guilty*'
on the ground of insanity, Tbe
indictment for the murder of the
eldest child was not proceedc*!
with.

4. Royal Academy Exhibition .
—The Exhibition of the lioyal Aca-
demy this year was undeniably far
superior to any of its recent pre-
decessors, both as regards the de-
gree of merit and the number of
meritorious pictures. (H these by
far the best, in style, conception,
and extHiution, was unc|uestiouably
Mr. Machse's ** Ordeal by Touch, '
a picture inferior to few pictures of
modern times, and which gained
great and deserved admiration.
Landseer exhibited several works of
great merit in his peculiar walk ;
e. Q,, "A Stag at bay,** and twi*

74

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

eompaaion pictures, " Time of
Pe«5e " and ** Time of War," and
** Refreshment " (a very complete
work). Turner hadsome marvellous
pictures of ** Whalers,*' and ** Ve-
nice. ' ' Leslie, ' ' A Scene from Ro-
derick Randoni," and a " Mother
and Child.'* Mulreadj, a capital
picture, " Choosing the Wedding-
Gown." Btty, Sidney, Cooper,
Danby,Dyce, Stansfield, Hart, Red-
grave, and others, also, more than
sustained their ancient reputation.
In sculpture, the Exhibition was re-
markably poor ; Mr. Gibson's por-
trait statue of the Hon. Mrs.
Murray, and M*Dowall's of Lord
Exmouth, for Greenwich Hospital,
being the two that attracted most
notice. This Exhibition is also no-
ticeable as containing works of no
ordinary merit from an amateur
artist, whose fame is generally
thought to rest upon much less
valuable grounds — M. le Comte
D'Orsay. The noble amateur ex-
hibits in the Great Room a most
life-like portrait of the Duke of
Wellington, in oils, and in the
Sculpture Room statuettes of the
Emperor of Russia and the Mar-
quis of Anglesea (the latter eques-
trian) of great truth and life.

6. Horrible Outrage. — A gross
outrage, committed in Westminster,
by which a woman was to all appear-
ance killed by her husband, or para-
mour, under circumstances of great
atrocity, was added to the catalogue
of crime at this time harrowing the
public. A brickmaker named Wil-
liam Luff, and a young woman who
has passed as his wife, were inha-
biting lodgings at a low house in
Pear Street, let out to very indif-
ferent characters. At about seven
o'clock in the evening Luff returned
home, and a violent quarrel was
boftrd in their room by other resi-

M ID the house ; but as matters

of the sort are of nightly <
in low places of this descriptioii, it
was perfectly unheeded. After il
had been for some time evident bj
her cries that he was beating the
woman most unmercifully, he aeiied
her by the waist and threw her oat
of the window, and the poor creft-
ture, after falling with her head
upon the wall which divides the
yard from another, dropped into the
yard. The thieves and fHtMtitntes
of the immediate vicinity, whose
attention had been drawn to the
room by the poor woman's cries —
to their credit be it spoken-^
hemmed the fellow in his room,
and took the senseless victim of
his brutality to Westminster Hos-
pital. A policeman hastened to the
spot, and entering a back room on
the second floor found Luff with a
knife in his hand, with which he
threatened to stab any person who
should approach. He immediately
struck him on the wrist with his
truncheon, and having forced him to
loose his hold of the weapon, took
him into custody. He was placed
at the bar of the Westminster Po-
lice-court on the following day,
when Margaret M'Lean deposed. —
I live at No. 3, Pear Street, West-
minster ; last night at eight
o'clock I heard a woman who lives
in the next room to me screaming
violently. I immediately went to
her door, and saw the prisoner with
a poker in his hand.

Mr. Taylor. — Did you see him
do anything to her ?

Witness.— He had hold of her
by the hair of the head, and I safr
him strike her on the he^ with
the poker, and her head bled very
much.

Sarah Green, sworn. — I am a
charwoman, and live in the same
house as the injured woman. At
eight o'clock I heard violent screams

¥

^
^
^
^

from the two-pair back, which iti-
duceii me to go to her ruom. I saw
the prisoner beating the woman with
h\n fists, and 1 tried to get her out
of the room* She was covered with
blood. The priaotier atruek tiie in
the face, and, finding I could not
get her out of the room, I went
down stairs. As I was going down
ttairs I heard the prisoner say,

** You , Fll throw you out of

window ;" and I had scarcely en-
tered my own room, when I saw
the poor woman fall past the win-
dow into the yard. My yotm^j;^ man
and I went down and picked her
up. She was quite senselefls : and
he, with two others, took her to
the hospital.

Mr. Taylor, — Did you observe
any wound from a poker?

Witness. ^ t?he hnd a poker
wound on the face, and another
wound on the back of her head,

Thomas Carter, — I hennl a noise
up stairs, and saw a woman fall
past my winduw into the yard. I
then ran int^j the yard and found
ber lying near the waterhutt on
her back. She was bleeding from
the nose. She never spoke, and I
thought she was dead, I, with
asAiBtance, conveyed her to the hos-
pital,

Mr, Taylor, ^ — ^Did you see any-
thing of the prisoner ?

Witness.— He was looking out
of the window.

Mr. Taylor,— Did he say any-
thing ?

Witneas, — Yes, in answer to my
inquiry of how it happened* he said
if the had behaved herself it would
not have occurred,

A policeman proved his violence
when taken into custody.

The prisoner, in a very deli-
berate manner r made a statement
that, after gome words between
tbem, the woman threw herself out

of the window while
turned.

The unfortunate victim of his
brutality was most frightfully in-
jured, and ao lacerated and beaten
that not a feature w&s distinguish-
able. When sufficiently recovered
to give evidence, strange to say, she
endeavoureii to exculpate the pri-
soner altogether, asserting that it
was her own act. The prisoner,
nevertheless, was tried, and, the
above facts having been proved,
Avas convicted.

9, Foiso:*[NO. — Another of these
horrible crimes, so many of which
have been brought to light in the
hist few years, has been detected
at Runcorn. A couple named Pim-
lett had three children»all of whom
were entered in a ** burial society,"
a elub which pays a sum on the
death of a member to the relatives
for funeral expenses. On the 6th
of March an infant died suddenly,
on the 21st another child died ; on
the 27th of April the third was
very ill, and was taken to Mr. Pye,
a surgeon ; this gentleman sus-
pected that something was wrong,
and he took means to remove the
child from the parents, and to have
them arrested, A communication
was made to the coroner, and the bo-
dies of the other two children were
disinterred ; a chemical examination
of the remains detected a consider-
able quantity of arsenic in each
case. Much circumstantial evi-
dence was adduced, and a verdict
of ** Wilful murder*' with respect
to both the children was returned
against the mother : there being
merely some suspicion attaching to
the father, he was discharged. It
was found that arsenic M-aa also
administered to the child who
was rescued from the unnatural
parent by Mr, Pye.

— ElTEVSlTE ROBBERl- tH Lv

4

[lSi6

—Tht ikme ciflBectioB of
s«U at FUfiM*f

mt part 4f
«• cfters aa «B&na(re. im
tW afMTBMtt of tk» •isT M«9snw

fkwk. Mm dkcv Wx W «ae «£ tbeir
dcrkft ii» W depome^ a» «s«aL
■Btfl MdMtdMjmKrmimg, m tbe Eoyml
Baak. TIk br/x cmtaizkni, ai the
\jae n va« despatHied from tbe
«diee, bOU of exdiuige to tlie lirre
smoost of 22,0*X*/.. mostlj for
krge ftomty and drawn apoo firms of
the highest credit. The box also
eontaioed the manifest i]ff the ship
p€Ui€nger, eaiih to the amoont of
AIL, and scrip in a great nnmber
of railwajA. The clerk states that
he took the UiX direct to the Roral
Bank, laid it upon the counter,
and retume^l U) the office. The
clerk at the bank states, upon the
other hand, that the box, if left
upon the counter, was not seen bj
himr»ArMl that upon looking overall
the other huxan which had been
sent in upon Saturday evening, and
misiiing thiH of McMMrM. Gibbs k Co.
from the number, he reported the
eircumNtanec. Nothing further was
heard of the inatt^^r for some hours
afterwardu, when the nnsAing box,
fmpticd of thr» whole of its con-
tents, was found in one of the
•%Kt I from London Road

«f ait ^nere af tiie

■T were af ex-

t^m. reanaed coor-

TVe k^lMst priced

vddmJmM^m, 1.300

tke wkole caavaa

cavcredswv wifek six caala af so-

hjtiie
IJoOi:; aa A. Tm^
^ew^Hdi. 9o0 gaiaeas ; a Omp.
13» gaiaeas; a iZna^raMfT,
ia>» gaiaeas; a V^mdethe^doi,
970 guineas; aa Ortwl^ 900
gaiaeas (ahovt aiae guineas the
sqiaare inch^ ; a J^eris, 900
gmaeas: three Bmmdaelsy 150,
155. 6*~iO guineas, and manj others
producing sums scarcelT less asto-
nishing. In all, the number of pie-
tares sold was 120, and the ag-
gregate amount realized nearly
20,(K)0/.

Fatal AfTRAT ix Irelaxd. — One
of those fatal conflicts arising from
the social disorganization of this
unhappy country, and iUustrative
of the relations of landlord and
tenant therein, occurred at Bird
Hill, in Tipperary. A fieurmer
named Maunsell, held land of a Mr.
Atkins, who himself was tenant to
Mr. A. Ormsby ; for this land
Maunsell was to pay the enormous
rent (though considered by the
Irish newspapers an improving
rent ! ) of 528. per acre. He speedily
fell into difficulties, and to extricate

C H R O N

m

hitn«elf» he adopted tlie coursf , so
pro)itie iti niiaery, of auLlettiug por-
tions of the estate to a large num-
ber of persona. The rent being in
arrear, the usual procesaes were
adopted, and these of eourso failing,
an habere was obtained, and the
Bub-Sherilf of the county and Dr.
Twiss, a magistrate, attended l>y a
coMsttihulary force, and an officer
and 40 soldierrt of the 72nd regi-
ment, proceeded to give the land-
lord forcible possession. All the
iHnder- tenants gave up poaaes.sion
uietly ; but Maun?iell fortified his
house, and placetl seven or eight
pervious witliin to resist the Sub-
Sheritf. The hall-tlof»r was thickly
boarded inside and out ; large
blocks of wood were placed inside
the doors and lower wiTidowsj ca-
pable of resisting a very powerful
pressure ; the sashea were t;iken
out of the upper windows, and large
stones were piled on the aills ; but
Maunsell himself remained outside.
The Doctor and Sub- Sheriff
oi^ered Maunsell, who was on the
outside of the buildings to allow
him a week, or more if necessary,
to keep possession, as care-taker,
provided he would give quiet pos-
sesalon : but the offer was rejected.
While this parley was going on, the
crowd was accumulating at a rapid
rate, and it beeanie necessary to
command them to disperse by read-
ing the Riot Act ; which wui? done,
but proved alike inotrcctuaU The
police were ordered to fire blank
cartridges in the direction of tlie
house J hut this experiment also
failed. Ultimately, the police were
ordered to use hall, by which a maa
and a woman in one of the windows
were mortally wounded; whereupon
Maunsell ordered the people inside
to open the d«>ors. The Sheriff
then delivered possession, and ar-
jested five of the leaders of the op-

,^K jested live i

posing party ; who have been duly
committed for trial. The persons
shot were servants to Maunsell.

The inquest on the bodies of the
people killeil, a girl and a young
man^ was held on the following
Monday. Mr. Going, the Sub-
Sheriff^ described the proceedings
at the farm-house. He entreated
Maunsell not to allow his people to
resist the writ of habere, which it
was Mr. Going's imperative duty to
carry into effect. The farmer was
obdurate, exclaiming, ** I don't
care; Tm outside; fire away!*'
The Sub- Sheriff's bailiffs made re-
peated attempts to force an en-
trance into the house ; but were
repul&cd by showers of stones and
hot water. The pohce were ordered
first lo tire over the house, but
eventually they fired at the defend-
ers ; a little time after, the place
was surrendered. The military did
not fire. The Jury returmHl this
verdict — '* We find that Bridget
Gardiner and Henry Bourchier^
servants of Mr. George Maxmsell of
Bird HilJ, came by their death, on
Saturday the 16th of May instant,
in consequence of four gunshot
wounds, inflicted on them by a
party of police acting under the
orders of Mr. Going, Sub-Sheriff of
this county.*'

— Wholesale Poisomsg in
XoRFOLK. — A fearful discovery has
been made near North Walsham^
in Norfolk. Mr, Jonathan Balls,
who lived at the village of Happis-
burgh, his wife, and four grand-
children, died very suddenly : suspi-
cion was exciteil, and the Coroner
had two of the bodies exhuuuHl ; a
chemical examination was made,
and arsenic was discovered in the
remains. The other bodies were
then disinterred, and it was found
that all had been poisoned with ar-
senic. An inquest was held, but

78

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

little light could be thrown upon
the occurrence. Suspicion pointed
to Balk, as having destroyed his
wife and grandchildren, and then
poisoned himself. His conduct
Tears since was suspicious, children
having died suddenly whiW ai his
house. Subaeqiwiii infjuiries tended
to show that ihe old man Balls had
for very many years administered
poison to all who had the misfortune
to give him an opportunity ; that re-
latives, friends and visitors, persons
apparently most dear to him, had
fuW victims to his mania, and that
he had finally destroyed himself.
There seemed to be no motive of
any kind, beyond a hellish propen-
sity. What number of persons had
been destroyed, it was, of course,
impossible to ascertain ; the inha>
bitants who had been strangely in-
different to the sudden deaths of so
many, now pointed to every case of
unascertained death for a quarter
of a century. The wretched mur-
derer being himself dead, the in-
quiries could point to no definite
end, and the Coroner's Jury re-
turned a verdict, '* That the de-
deoeased Jonathan Balls, Elizabeth
Balls, Samuel Pestle, and Anne
Elizabeth Pestle, died from the ef-
fects of poison, but how administered
there was no evidence to show."

25, Accouchement of Her Ma-
jesty.—The firing of the Park and
Tower guns at 3 o'clock in the
afternoon, announced another ad-
dition to the family of our beloved
Queen. The following is the offi-
cial annunciation of the happy
event : —

«* Bockinghom Pklace, May 25.

" At ^ye minutes before three
o'clock this afternoon the Queen
was happily delivered of a Princess;
His Royal Highness Prince Albert,
sev^til Lords of Her Majesty's
Jiost Hon. Privy Council, and the

Ladies of Her Majesty's Bed*
chamber being present.

"This great and important news
was immediately made known to
the town by the firing of the Park
and Tower guns; «id the Privy
Council being assembled as soon as
possible thereupon, at the Council-
Chamber, Whitehall, it was ordered
that a form of thanksgiving for the
Queen's safe delivery of a Princess
be prepared by his Grace the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, to be used
in M churches and chapels through-
out England and Wales, and the
town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, on
Sunday the 31st of May, or Ihe
Sunday after the respective mini-
sters shall receive the same.

"Her Majesty and the infant
Princess are, God be praised, both
doing well."

In pursuance of this order in
Council, the following Form of
Prayer andThanksgiving was drawn
up, and ordered to be rc»d tlmmgh-
out England and Wales, on Sunday
the 31st inst.

" 0 merciful Lord and heavenly
Father, by whose gracious gift
mankind is increased, we most
humbly offer unto Thee our hearty
thanks for Thy great goodness
vouchsafed to Thy people, in de-
livering Thy servant our Sovereigii
Lady the Queen from the perils of
childbirth, and giving her the bless-
ing of a daughter. Continue, we
beseech Thee, Thy fatherty care
over her ; support and cconfort her
in the hours of weakness, and day
by day renew her strength. Pre-
serve the infant Princess from what-
ever is hurtful either to body or
soul ; and adorn her, as she ad-
vances in yean, with every Chris-
tian virtue. Regard with Thine
especial favour our Queen and her
Royal consort, that they may long
live together in the enjoyment of

N

»
^

ftU earthly happinefs, and maj
finally be made partakers of ever-
laating glory. And grant that every
gih of Thy gocHineBs to ua Thy
people may increase in us the sense
of Thy manifold mercies, and that
we may show forth our thankful-
nesd unto Thee hy dutiful affection
to our So ve reign » hy hrotherly love
one to another^ and hy constant
obedience to all Thy command-
ments» so that, panning through this
life in Thy faith and fear, we may»
in the life to come^ he received into
Thy heavenly kingdom, through
the merits and mediation of Thy
blessed Son, Jcbus Christ, our
Lord. Amen/*

A similar Form f»f Prayer was
directed to be read in Ireland ; and
Prayers were ordered to be put up
JD Scotland, according to the form
of the Scottish Church, The Jew-
ish Synagogues abo offered thanks-
girings in their own manner,

— * Escape of Prince Lotria
Napoleon. — Prince Louis Na-
poleon Bonaparte has terminated
A captivity of six years, hy making
his escape from the fortress of
Ham. The Prince had been sen-
tenced to perpetual detention in a
royal fortress, for bis absurd at-
tempt to revolutionize France in a
Boulogne stcara-hoat, in the year
1840. Many applicationa had been
made to the French Government for
his release, or at least for pcrniiB-
si on to go to Italy for a limited
period to see his aged father, who
was understuoil to a]>proach his
death, all of which had been iirmly
refused. The Prince, therefore,
thought proper to terminate his cap-
tivity in a summary manner. Tbe
following detail*! proved to be cor-
rect, upon an official inquiry into
the circumstancs of his evasion : —

** The prisoner and the Com-
mander of the Fort had bitelv de-

manded that some repairs should
be made in the portion of the build-
ing occupied by the Prince. Tbe
administration of the engineering
department had ordered the execu-
tion of those works, which were
commenced in the corridor of tbe
apartments reserved to the political
prisoners. Upon this the scheme
of escape was based. — As bis
keepers usually visited him at cer-
tain hours to satisfy themselves of
his presence, he placed a :figure in
his bed to make them beheve that
he was asleep. The Commander
of the Fort was also in the habit of
calhng and converHing with him,
and it was indispensable to prevent
Km entering the room. Having
]ireaentcd himself at 9 o'clock, to
see the prisoner, Dr. Conneau, the
companion and friend of the Prince*
stopped bim at the door, and told
bini, with a sorrowi'ul air, that the
Prince had been seized in the
night with excruciating pains; that
be was a little butter, and was
asleep. The doctor then shook
his head, and manifested serious
apprehensions respecting tbe health
of the prisoner, which was daily
being impaired, and told the Com-
mander that it was incumbent upon
liini to obtain his release from
captivity as soon as possible, for
othcrwiscp be would certainly die
of htnguor and exhaustion. M. de
Marne, the Connnandcr, who is a
man of feeling, promised to apprize
the Governor of tlie state of the
patient. He returned at I o'clock
in the afternoon to see him, hut
was again met by the physician,
who objected to hie disturbing his
patient, to whom be had just ad-
ministered a do»e of medicine.
At 4 0 Vlock the Commander called
again, but then there was no further
occasion for any excuse, the fugi-
tive being already nine hours iu

4
4

«0

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

advatice of his pursuers, and the
doctor, opening the door, said to
M. de Mame, ' Walk in; the
Prince is gone out.' The rest is
best told in the Prince's own
words : —

•* My dear M. Degeorge, — My
desire to see mj father once more
in this world made me attempt the
boldest enterprise I ever engaged
in. It required more resolution
and courage on my part than at
Strasburg and Boulogne, for I was
determined not to submit to the
ridicule that attaches to those who
are arrested escaping under a dis-
guise, and a failure I could not
have endured. The following are
the particulars of my escape : —

** You know that the fort was
guarded by 400 men, who furnished
daily 60 soldiers, placed as sentries
outside the walls. Moreover, the
principal gate of the prison was
guarded by three gaolers, two of
whom were constantly on duty. It
was necessary that I should first
elude their vigilance, afterwards
traverse the inside court, before
the windows of the command-
ant's residence; and, arriving there,
I should be obliged to pass by
a gate which was guarded by
soldiers.

, " Not wishing to communicate
my design to any one, it was ne-
cessary to disguise myself. As
several rooms in the part of the
building I occupied were under-
going repairs, it was not difficult to
assume the dress of a workman.
My good and faithful valet, Charles
Thelin, procured a smock-frock
and a pair of sabots (wooden
shoes), and after shaving off my
mustachios, I took a plank on my
shoulders.

'* On Monday morning I saw
the workmen enter, at half-past
8 o'clock. Charles took them

some drink, in order that I should
not meet any of them on my pas-
sage. He was also to caU one of
the gardiens (turnkeys) whilst Dr.
Conneau conversed witft the others.
Nevertheless, I had scarcely got
out of my room, before I was ac-
costed by a workman, who took me
for one of his comrades, and at the
bottom of the stairs I found myself
in front of the keeper. Fortunately
I placed the plank I was carrying
before my face, and succeeded in
reaching the yard. Whenever I
passed a sentinel or any other per-
son I always kept the plank before
my face.

** Passing before the first sen-
tinel, I let my plank fall, and
stopped to pick up the bits. There
I met the officer on duty, but, as
he was reading a letter, he did not
pay attention to me. The soldiers
at the guardhouse appeared sur-
prised at my dress, and a drummer
turned round several times to look
at me. I next met some workmen
who looked very attentively at me.
I placed the plank before my face,
but they appeared to be so curious
that I thought I should never
escape them, until I heard them
cry * Oh ! It is Bernard ! '

** Once outside, I walked quickly
towards the road of St. Quentin.
Charles, who the day before had
engaged a carriage, shortly over-
took me, and we arrived at St.
Quentin.

" I passed through the town on
foot, after having thrown off my
smock-frock. Charles procured a
post-chaise, under pretext of going
to Cambrai. We arrived, without
meeting with any obstacles, at
Valenciennes, where I took the
railway. I had procured a Belgian
passport, but nowhere was I asked
to show it.

** During my escape. Dr. Con-

MAT]

CHRONICLE.

81

I

I

I
I

I
I

neau, always so devotwl to me,
retnamed id prison, and caused
them to believe I was ill, id order
to give rac time to reach the fron-
tier. It wfts necessary to be con-
vinced that the Government woidd
never set me at liherty before I
could be persuaded to quit France,
if I would not consent to dishonour
myself. It was also a matter of
duty that I slionld exert all my
powers to be able to console my
father in his old age.

" Adieu, my dear M. Degeorge ;
although freOp 1 fee! myself to be
most unhappy. Receive the as-
surance of my sincere friendship,
and, if you are able, endeavour to
be useful to my kind Connean.
'* Loria NAroLEoy."

The Commander of the fortress,
two turnkeys, Thelin, the valet,
and Dr. Conneao, were tried for
connivance at the Prince's escape :
the three former were acquitted.
Thelm was found guilty and sen-
tenced to six montb^' imprison-
ment (he however wns tried by
default having- accompanied his
master), and Dr. Conncauwas nho
found guilty and sentenced to three
months* impriaonment.

25. FRiGHTFrj. Collision axb
Loss OF Life. — ^A frightful steam-
boat colli siou occurred in the Mer-
sey, between ten and eleven o'clock.
Two iron steamers — the Sea
^^mph, going out from Liverpool
for Newr)% and the Bamhler^ com-
ing in from Sligo— struck against
each other near the Magazines,
and the Bambter was made a com-
plete wreck. In thi^ vessel there
were about two hundred and fifty
passengers, ujostly emigrants from
America, and a great quantity of
pigs and cattle.

At the time the collision look
place, the night was perfectly clear,
the vessels saw each other dis-

VoL. LXXXVllL

tinctly, and both are declared to
have immediately confonned to the
port regulations by porting their
helms ; notwithstanding; the Sea
Nt/mph came stem on into tlie
larboard bow of the RafMer^ cut-
ting her completely down to the
water's e\\gi^, carrving away in-
stantly the whole of the forecastle^
smashing to pieces a heavy patent
windlass, and severing the deck
half way across, and so shaking
the whole frame of the vessel that
every water- tight compartment was
rendered perfectly useless ; and
she must have sunk had not the
engines been started and the vessel
run ashore, as she immediately
filled. The consequences to the
passengers were horrible; the whole
living freight, men and animals,
were thrown together with fright-
ful violence ; some were crushed
by the impact of the vessel,
others by the concussion ; others
by the falhng of the cattle. As
lietbre stated, the Rainhhr was
immediately run ashore. Within
a very short time the inhabitants
of the Magazines were roused, and
numbers of them ran doi^Ti to the
tihore to render all the assistance
in their power ; and within a short
time the survivors were removed to
different houses and cottages, the
wounded were sent over to the
Liverpool hospitals, and the killed
laid in the life-boat house aad
other places. The number of
bodies carried to the life-bont house
was thirteen ; five dead bodies were
conveyed to private houses, three
are known to be drowned, and
twenty of the passengers were so
much injured ai* to render it neces-
sary to send them to the hospitals,
where several died of their hurts.
After the vessel grounded, scime of
the passengers, despite the per-
suasion of the Captain, took pos-
G

I
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I

82

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

session of the starboard-boat for
the purpose of getting ashore.
They let go the fore-davit-fall, and
at that moment some one cut away
the stem-fall. The weight of per-
sons in the quarter-boat (according
to some accounts seven, by others
eleven) caused her to upset, pre-
yious to her reaching the water,
and several are supposed to be
drowned. The horrible effects of
the collision on board the Rambler
are described by a writer who visit-
ed the wreck the following day.

" On going on board the Mam-
hler, which we did by entering
through the chasm made through
her larboard side into the steerage,
a most extraordinary sight pre-
sented itself. Part of the flooring
of the quarter-deck was smashed
through, and the remainder a con-
fused mass of smashed tables,
forms, boxes, &>c. some floating in
the water which had filled this part
of the vessel. The scene on deck
was still morehorrifying ; the whole,
both fore and abaft the funnel, being
covered with dead pigs, part crushed
to death ; while the rest appeared
to have been stabbed ; the whole
mass saturated with the blood.
The most awful sight, however,
was the bows of the vessels, which
were completely bedabbled with
human blood, and strewed with
crushed salmon, broken boxes,
cordage, &c., and the fragments of
the windlass. From this part of
the vessel thirteen human beings
had been extricated, some with
broken arms, or dissevered legs,
all dead, (others have since died in
the hospital,) and so crushed as
to be almost beyond recognition.
One poor woman, with her infant
child, was taken up from under-
neath the broken windlass, the
iron spindle of which had fallen
upon her head, and smashed it

completely ; a portion of her brains
were to be seen adhering to the iron
spindle. When taken up, her in-
fant had fast hold of the nipple of
the poor mother's breast.*'

The Sea Nymph was much
damaged, and had to put back to
Liverpool, where the cargo was re-
landed.

26. Epsom Races. — These sports
commenced this day, and were at-
tended throughout by every cir-
cumstance of sport and weather
and company that could render
the scene splendid and animated.
On Tuesday, the stakes were of no
great interest ; but on Wednesday,
*• the Derby Day," the course was
thronged by a most distinguished
and numerous assemblage. The
Derby (193 subscribers) was won
by Mr. Gully's Pyrrhus the First,
ridden by S. Day ; on Friday
the Oaks were won by the same
owner's Mendicant ridden by the
same jockey. Such a coinci-
dence has not occurred since 1815,
when the Duke of Grafton won
by Whisker and Minuet, Goodison
riding both.

31. Accident on H. M. S.
Caledonia. — A fatal accident oc-
curred on board the Caledonia
man-of-war, of 120 guns, at Ply-
mouth. When lowering the main-
topgallant mast at sunset, the lizard
unfortunately gave way, and the
mast fell on the deck and killed
three persons. At the time of
the accident the officers and most
of the crew were on deck. The
lizard, unfortunately, was not se-
curely stopped ; and when the man
at the mast-head found it slipping
from the mast-rope, he sung out,
as usual, "Stand from under I"
From forty to fifty hands, un-
derneath, rushed forward out of
danger. The sufferers, who were
more aft, and not in a dangerous

JUNE]

CHRONICLE.

83

poaitian, unhappily followed the
others, and thus come right under
the falling mast.

^

JUNE.

3. Murder axd Siucide. — A
shocking occnrrence Uwk place
in Wide gate Street, Wbiteehapel.
A man nanied Jolin Toomv, by
trade a jobbing tailor, lodged in
the bouse No. 1*1 in the nbove
street, with his wife, Mary Tooniy,
and three ehildren. The eldest of
these, a girl about thirteen years
of age» went to the lodgj nga oe-
cupied by her parents about four
o'clock in the afternoon* She
knocked at the door» but receiv-
ing no answer, looked through the
keyhole, and saw her father in a
position which led ber to believe
lie wa8 in a fit, Having given the
ahirra, the door, whifli was locked,
was hurst open, and Tooniy was
found <]uite dead, i^uspended from
the bedstead. A paper was found
pinned to hii* coat, whicli contained
a stateuient of the motives that
induced the unhappy man to com-
mit the act, viz,, the dread of ap-
proaching starvation. About three
quarters <if an liour after the dis-
co rery of bis dead body, in push-
ing the bedstead nearer the wall,
the body of his wife waa disco-
vered on the floor under the bed.
The poor woman was also quite
dead, and from the ajipenrancea
presented it waa evident she had
been inhumanly atratigled ; her
bEnd» were tied togeiher, and were
tightly and c on vul lively clasped ;
her legs were also bound with
aome shreds of old bed covering.
An inquest was held on the bodies,
when evidence was given of the
greftt poverty of the family ; and

it was stated that Toomy had
been transported for robbing his
employers, bnt that a part of
his sentence had been remitted
in consequence of his good be-
baviour, and be bad returned to
England about nine months before.
Soon after bis transportation his
wife discovered that he had 100?.
in the savings bank ; upon appli-
cation to the Secretary of State
this sum had been paid over to
her, and she bad expended it
in the support of herself and fa-
mily during his absence. Upon
Toomy *a return he expected to
find his wife in posaession of this
sum ; and upon learning its dis-
appearance, he conceived a vio-
lent hatred to his wife, and had
frequently threatened her life.
Tlie Jury returned a verdict,
** That the deceased, John Toomy,
destroyed his wife and then him-
Hclf, being at the time in a state
of temporary insanity.**

4. Tim Saltmarsiie Gallery. —
The magnificent collection of pic-
tures, known as the *' Saltmarshe
Collection,** was sold by auction
by Messrs. Christie and Manson,
on this and the two following days.
Among the works of the old masters
which produced the highest prices
were:— '* The Flute Player," G,
Douw, 405 gs,; ** Musical Party,"
P, de Hoogbe. 230 gs.; •'Land-
scape," J. Ruysdael, 250 gs. ;
** Landscape," Wynants^ 240 gs,;
** A Kermesse," Jan Stein, 200
^. S *'The Dam at Amsterdam,"
Van der Hey den and Van der Neer,
295 gs.; "Stag Hunt," Woover-
mans, 200 gs.; **Rape of Europo,"
(juido, 550 gs. ; ** Village Inn,"
J. Ostade, 1(H0 gs,; ** Landaeape,
with Waterfall," Ruvsdael, 45t^gs,;
** Three Cows," Paul Potter, 930
gs. ; ** An Interior," Maes, 730
gs.; ** Psyche," Greuze, 1000 gs.;

G 2

84

ANNUAL REGISTER,

[1846

" Italian Landscape," Claude, 1400

fs.; " The Stubborn Ass/' Berg-
em, 565 gs.; ** Morning Scene,"
Cuyp, 1 1 50 gs.;** Haarlem Wood,"
Hobbima, 700 gs.; ** Bird's Eye
View," De Koningh and Lingel-
bach, 1000^.; Portrait of ** Catri-
na Hoogh," Rembrandt, 760 gs.;
"iEneas, with his father and son,
visiting Helenus," Claude, 1200
gs. ; "The Cabaret," A. Van
Ostade,.950 gs.; ** The Farrier,"
K. du Jardin, 1350 gs. ; ** La
Grande Kermesse," Teniers, 1200
gs. ; ** Adoration of the Shep-
herds," Murillo, 2875 gs.; ** A
Calm," Van der Veldt, 1680 gs.;
*• The Holy Family, with Elizabeth
and St. John," Rubens, 2360 gs.
The whole collection realized the
large sum of 46, 603 ^

5. Visit of Ibrahim Pasha. —
The advent of this renowned chief,
the most celebrated oriental gene-
ral of this age, created no small de-
gree of interest and curiosity. The
sanguinary events of his campaigns
against the Greeks, and the total
frustration of his designs, and
destruction of his fleet by the
English and French squadron, at
Navarino, and the fierce warfare
in Syria in which he was again
thwarted and his armies destroyed
by the intervention of the English,
were calculated to add a deep in-
terest to that which would be felt
by the visit of a Mohammedan
prince of such exalted rank.
His Highness had departed from
Egypt partly to indulge his desire
of knowledge by a tour through
the principal Christian states,
and partly for the recovery of his
health by residence at the Italian
baths, under the superintendence
of European physicians ; his con-
stitution having been much injured,
and his eyesight nearly lost by dis-
ease contracted during his Syrian

campaigns. His Highness having
resided some time in Italy, had
thence proceeded to France, where
he had been received with distin-
guished consideration, and gratified
by some splendid displays of mili-
tary evolutions ; he now added to
his European experience a visit to
his ancient and most formidable
opponents. His Highness arrived
at Portsmouth in the French war-
steamer, Oomer, accompanied by
Soliman Pacha (Colonel Selves),
the gallant defender of Acre, where
he lost his leg, Ibrahim Bey, and
a suite of officers and secretaries.
His Highness remained in Ports-
mouth until Monday morning, yi-
siting, in the interim, the Dock-
yard, Bakery, and the Victory;
and exhibited great feeling when
introduced into the cock-pit, where
the heroic Nelson, whom his great
victory at the mouth of his own
Nile rendered doubly interesting to
him, expired. Arrived in London,
the Pasha took up his residence
at Mivart's Hotel, and was imme-
diately visited by the Ministers,
and by Prince Albert, who wel-
comed him in the name of Her
Majesty, who had not yet suf-
ficiently recovered from her ac-
couchement to receive her illustri-
ous visitor in person. Accompa-
nied by officers of Her Majesty's
Household the Pasha viewed the
chief sights of London ; and at
the end of the week proceeded
on a tour through the country,
visiting Birmingham, Warwick,
Manchester, Liverpool, Belfast,
and returning to London on
Wednesday ; and again com-
menced a round of sight-seeing,
visiting St. Paul's, the Houses
of Parliament during their sit-
tings, &c., kc. At length, on
Tuesday the 11th, Her Majesty
found herself sufficiently reco-

[JUNE]

CHRONICLE.

86

yered, an it the affairs of tlio
[Ministry sufficiently settled^ to
[admit of her receiving the illus-
[trioud visitor, who was received
[irith that mixed dignity and cor-
Jdiality which »o distinguishes our
Ijouthful sovereign. The Pasha
[dined with Her Majesty »n the
fcvening. After heing feted hy
[the Oriental Steam Navigntiun
^ Company » the East India Com*
[jMiny, and the most dirtttnguished
lof the nobility, and nndorgoiie an
nereulean round of sight -seeing,
the iihistrious* vii^itor ileparted for
■Portsmouth, whence he emharked
fon hoard Her Majesty's steam-
[ frigate, Aisenger, for Alexandria »
I highly pleased with his visits and

fratitied by the manner in whirh
e had been received by all classes.
[On the other hand. His Highnet^s
riraa exceedingly well liked for his
' a.iikneBs and horihomniie^ and be-
Eime exceedingly popular.

9. CoNFLAtiaATlOX OF St. J0HN*8,

f EWFOCNDLAND. — A disastrous con-
flagration boa laid nearly the whole
" the flourishing city of St. John's
ashes. The fire broke out
fcbout half-paat 8 o'clock in the
aoming of Tuesday the l*th June,
A cabinet maker's shop, in
Jeorge Street, by what cause is
iiknown. The buildings of the
'city heing, for the most part, of
timber^ the flames spread in every

Idircction without control ; and
ttie peculiar merchandise of St.
pfohn's (oil, binbber, and other ar-
licles of a highly combustible na-
Iwre) gave such fuel to the fire,
ibat it is described that no sooner
had a block of buildings caught
than it was one mass of flames.
The governor. Sir J. Ff arvey, was
speedily at the spot, with the
' oldiers and artillerymen of the
son ; and under hia dii;pctians
Bveral huildinga were blown up,

with the purpose of making a break
to stop the flames; in doing which
some i>f the artillery were killed or
hurt. These precautions were Jn-
eifectunl, and the conflagration con-
tinued to spread until three-fourtba
of the city, comprising the wtiole
business part of it, were laid in
ashes. In addition to the buildings
destroyed, some of the shipping
lying near the wharfs were de-
stroyed or injured. The extent of
the district destroyed is two whole
streets, each upwards of a mile long,
together with the detached build-
ings and minor streets lying back
from them. Among the public
buildings destroyed are the Cus-
tom House, the Catholic Church,
St. John's Cathedral Church » the
Court House and Gaol, the Ord-
nance store, all the newspaper
printing ofiices, the banks, the
Legislative Hall, the Police and
Post-oflicea, kc. By this calamity
upwards of 12,000 people were
rendtTcd houseless, and were
lodged in tents supplied from the
ariuy stores, and in huts hastily
nm up on the outskirts; and the
loas of property is estimated at up-
wards of a milhon sterling.

— llyiniorATHY.' — An imbues:
waa held in Eastcheap, (by ad-"'
jonrnment from the previous Fri-
day,) upon the body of Mr. Richard
Dresser, an accountant, who died^f
under the hydrupathic treatment at
Dr. Ellis's estahlishment^ Sud broke
Park, near Petersham. The de-
ceased voluntarily went to Sud-
broke Park on the 22nd of last
month, in the hope of being cured
of rheumatism, with which he con-
sidered he was aifeeted; and on the
26th be died. After his decease,
Dr. Ellis stated to a cousin of Mr,
Dre&ser's, that the patient hadj
suffered from hepatitis; and had he-
known it he would not have ad-

86

ANNUAL REGISTER-

[1846

mitted him. Dr. Ellis examiDed
the corpse, and wrote a diagnosis,
in which also he declared the cause
of death to have heen "hepatitis
of the suh-acute character, giving
rise to suppuration, occasioning
exudations of lymph, and a rapid
extension of the disease to the ad-
joining viscera." Mrs. Dresser,
widow of the deceased, described a
yisit she paid to her husband at
Petersham, and the hydropathic
treatment he experienced : to her
it appeared very injurious. Mr.
Dresser said he was kept very low
in diet, which he had not been
used to. After a bath, Mr. Dresser
appeared dreadfully altered : one
of the bath men told her the pa-
tient's perspiration had stopped,
and that was in his favour. Mr.
James Hicks, a surgeon in the Old
Kent Road, who had formerly at-
tended deceased, made a post mor-
tem examination of the body. Mr.
Dresser had died of congestion —
** I consider the immediate cause
of death to have been extreme
congestion of the internal organs,
the lungs and heart; which existed
to such an extent as to produce all
the effects of suffocation in not
allowing air to get into the lungs.
This congestion was likely to
be produced by cold externally,
whether by cold air or cold fluids
to the body. Cold applications
have the effect of repelling the
blood from the surface of the body
to the internal organs, from which
in weak constitutions the system is
unable to relieve itself. I have
read the paper written by Dr. Ellis
as to the cause of death. It does
not contain at all the true cause of
deceased's death; quite the con-
trary. There was not the least
appearance of disease in the liver.
There had evidently been conges-
tion of the lungs when the wet

clothes were applied; and if the
water were cold it would produce
death. In such cases there should
be applications of hot flannels and
stimulants, so as to restore circu-
lation. There was no suppuration
of any kind." The liver was
healthy but congested. Mr. Water-
worth, Mr. Hicks 's partner, agreed
with him as to the cause of death,
except that he did not consider the
liver to be congested. 'Dr. Ellis *8
diagnosis was quite erroneons.
Deceased was a man of very feeble
power as regarded the action of the
heart. He did not think there was
any reason for treating Mr. Dresser
for diseased liver; and had such a
disease existed, particularly with
suppuration, putting him in a bath
would peril his life.

Mr. Prendergast appeared for
Dr. Ellis, but the coroner would
not allow him to address the jury.
The jury returned the following
verdict : — ** We have unanimously
agreed, ' that Mr. Dresser's death
resulted from the rash treatment
he received under Dr. Ellis's care :
we are unanimous in a verdict of
manslaughter against Dr. Ellis.' "

Dr. Ellis was thereon held to
bail to take his trial at the next
session of the Central Criminal
Court. The trial resulted in his
acquittal.

— Death of the Pope. — Intel-
ligence was received from Paris,
to which the news had been. for-
warded by telegraphic despatches,
of the death of His Holiness Pope
Gregory XVI. at Rome, on the 1st
of June. An account of the life and
pontiflcate of this Pontiff (Mauro
Capellari) will be found in our
Obituary.

— Ascot Races. — The brilliant
weather enjoyed throughout the
whole of this summer has given
unexampled splendour and attrac-

»

JUNE!

CHRONICLE.

87

i

ticm to the national sport of racing.
The Ascot metHing was one of the
most loagnificent ever known. The
principal races were won hy the
followiug liorscs i — Tuesday, the
Ascot Stakes by Sir George Ilenth-
cote*s Ackhar ; the Ascot Derby
Stakes by Sir George Heathcote's
Br. to Valcntissimo ; Queen's Gold
Vase by Mr. Dawson's Grinstone.
Wednesday, the Royal Hunt Cup
hy Mr. Stanley's Lecon field ; the
Coronation Stakes by Mr, Fonrs
Guaclia, Thursday, the Eniperur^s
Vaae by Mr. GreTille'e. Alarm ; Her

ajesty's Plate hy Mr. D rakers
Bold Archer, Thursday, the Great
WeHtem Railway Stakes hy Mr.
Meiklam's Lightning. Ilia High-
mess Ibrahim Pasha was present on
Wednesday, and was highly de*
lighted with the sport, an<i proved
fhimscif an object of great attrac-

on.

14. TiTE War in MEXieo.-^By

the Britannia, arrived at Liver|)ool

;hi9 dny, we have advices of a gal-

[lant victory achieved by the United

ttttes' forces, under General Tay-
lor, over the Mexicans, commanded
by Gen. Ampudia. General Tay-
lor had left Matamoraa to convey
stores fn^Tu Point Isabel ; his re-
turn was intercepted by the Mexi-
can anny, about 6,000 strong, with
seven pieces of artillery, and 800
cavalry, at a place caUcil Palo Alto.
The United States force did not

xceed 2,300 men. After a can-

onade of five hours the Mexicans

ere dislodged, with a loss of at
least 100 men. In the afterncHjn
of the following day a more severe
and decisive action took place. In
his despatch of the 9th of May,
'General Taylor says, ** 1 have the

ionour to report that I marched
with the main body of tbe army at
two o'clock to-day, having previ-
ously thrown forward a body of light

infantry into the forest which covers
the Matamoras road. When near
the spot where I am now encamped,
my advance discovered that a ra-
vin© crossing the road ha<l been
oecnpied by the enemy with artil-
lery. 1 immediately ordered a bat-
tery of field artillery to sweep the
position, flanking and sustaining it
by the 3rd, 4th. and 5th regi-
ments, deployed as skirmishers to
the right and left. A heavy fire of
artillery and of musketry was kept
lip for some time, until ft u ally the
enemy's batteries were carried in
succession by a squadron of dra-
goons and the regiments of infan-
try thnt were on the ground. Ue
was soon driven from his position,
and pm^ued by a squadron of dra-
goons, battalion of artillery, 3rd
infantry, and a light battery, to
tbe river. Our victory has been
complete. Eight pieces of artil-
lery, witli a great quantity of am-
munition, three standards, and some
hundred prisoners, have been taken;
among the latter. General La Vega,
and several other officers. One
general is understood to have been
killed. The enemy has recrossed
the river, and I am sure will not
again molest us on this bank,***

General Taylor bestows high
praise on tbe gallantry of his troops.
He estimates the loss in both en-
gagements at ** three officers and
forty men killed, and thirteen of-
tieers and lOO men wounded; while
that of tbe enemy has, in all pro-
bability, exceeded 300 killed ; more
than 200 have been buried by ns
on tbe two fields of battle/'

19. The War in New Zealand.
— Despatches received this day an-
nounce the gratifying intelligence
of the ciipture of the New Zealand
chief Heki's pah, or fortress, and
the consequent dispersion of tbe
rebels. The fort was taken with

s«

A-K\,NIJAI 1.1 ■: .+ -11-

[1S46

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..nlj^illii- U I

• ♦*n I lucu*- : ';-:I^•H^ Seei indiameusr.
liiinu :u?.'€Cj.T ^m withes, « rpw
^ ir.irTniii rtiiii: *iic:htly ab«)?«i
tit jrrnzii^ ■*^ -a- *•• tbrm a lutjo-
-■.-.•: :r L'.«*^.- "rriuin. Across theae
:m^-.-. ii=.i*rrT -nn rwo hortzoncAl
w-jtiz*. ■::i- tin't? .ixiil the other
unr I— T p'ln '111' jr»jund. Ther
-T>>rv* i^Ui-i 'II ^aeh limb of the
-iiiNrsiaui*. iiiiL ^ivt^ rftrength and
fiinnmiiiv "o -iiu ^Uoie. Further
hdurk. luu .ic :iii* iiifcuice of three
fiwr. vriri .uiiiriit'r palisade of the
iAzne ohurL«.'Ci;r. 6evi>ad this was
» ditiifa. whiuh djitfwered. when the
hcarj *run:i 1>t»<^n to pUj, as a
covrreil way tor the besieared. The
earth had been thmwn ap on the
iiifiide, and in ailiiicion to the other
d«;f('ncos formed a rampart eight
foot high. Within, the huts were

Itiaccul irregularlr. manj of them
loiii^ also snrrounded with pali-
ftndt'B, bat nearly all were under-
iiiinod. Over the pit dag: below
wrri* laid two layers of trees, and
elirm* wi're carefully covered with
iMirth. Upon this substratum was
pIu«>«Ml the floor of the hut, so that
tho inhabitants had, in case of
iiivo«<ity, a bomb-proof retreat.

•' Thrn* were two guns at the
pah. A 12-poundcr faced our bat-
tori os, but wa.< disable<l by our tfre
oarly in the action. The other, a
.'»-pouiidor, was at the north-east
aiii:K\ but outside, and was sup-
|Hisod to have been intended to
swoop the ground in advance, as
the tnK)ps had lHH?n expected to
attack in that quarter. There were
several well.*^ inside, and one within
ton yard.s of the outer defences.
Tho place was scantily supplied ^
with potatoes and fern-root. Alto-
^othor. standing as it did on the
^oig\» of a prwipitous ravine, amid
forx'st and mountain, where nature
a^sununl hor wildest as|»ect, with
its bastions and outworks, its flags

JUNE]

CHRONICLE.

89

ad sallyports, Siud tlie con Fit ant
comhig and guing of its rude sol-
diery, it was more like a picture of
Sfilrator Ro.^a's than a scene of
the nineteenth century,

** One day*a proceedings so
strongly resemhled another V, that
a diary of twenty -four hours wiO ac-
curately enough represent to you the
whole. At three o'clock the rt^
ntilUe sounded, and the troops
turned out^ »^nd stood under arms
till dayhreak. A small party of
Maoris tlieu wont out to recon-
noitre. Their mode of going to
work called to mind Cooper*s de-

ticHption of the North American
Indiana. Plunging singly into the
{forent, they glided from tree to tree
yfiXh noiseless steps, carefully peep-
lag round the stems hefore they
teoTed forward, and, from the ad-
vanced ears and hent head, evi-
dently listening to every i*ound. If
no danger were near, they .shortly
returned and their hell rang to
^HprayerH. After their religious eere-
^Htaionies were completed — and they
^Hseldoni occupied more than half an
^ffioiu*— they breakfasted ; for» like
Homer's heroes, they had a great
aversion to undertake any serioua
labour until * their rage of hunger

I and thirst was ahatcd.' When
^ia agreeable duty had been dis-
cbarged, a large body proceeded to
explore. About half an hour after
their departure would be heard a
single shot, full owed immediately
by a rapid discharge of musketry.
No sooner ditl the report reach the
ejira of the Maoris in camp, tlian
they snatched up their guns, and,
^ Bhrieking like so many fiendt*»
rufehed to aid their friends. A skir-
mish would then take place, atid
be carried on with great vivacity
for about an hour, when the drop-
ping shots on either aide showed
the vigour of the combat U» be

over, and the hostile forces drew
otf to their respective quart i^rs.
After dinner a similar excursion
would take place, with a similar
result.

*' As the night got later, * the
mirth and fun grew fast and fu-
rious,' til! even the revelry of the
soldiery was drowned by a still
louder sound. This was a Maori
orator making a speech. In the
beginning he was stationary, and
the voice low ; but as his feelings
became excited he began to njovo
about, tUl at last he shouted, ho
raji tVoni one end of the camp to
the other, be jumped into the air,
and with hia legs and arms exhi-
bited every possible variety of ges*
ture. Demo.Htbenes would have
been delighted with him. His lan-
guage abounded with allegories,
some of tliem extremely beautiful*
and many calling to mind the ori-
ental diction uf the Old Testament,
As his speech went on, he left his
audience to address himself to the
enemy^s camp at a distance, and,
strange to say, his words seemed
to bring back their reply. In the
still night would be heard a Bo-
anerges from the other side of the
valley. To us the sound was «n-
intelligible, but the advanced parties
who were near heard him distinctly
replying to the supposed taunts,
and encouraging his men.

** It was a wretched night, the
rain fell in bucketfuls, and the
men, without cover, lay down on
the wet groimd ; the duOness of
the long hours was only varied by
the rattle of a rifle bullet from the
enemy *s fortress. At times, too,
as the rain hilled » might be heard
distinctly the Maori leaders, like
the chiefs of old, haranguing their
troops. Their speeches seemtHi
cbietly to address themselves to the
[loint, that even if their strong-

88

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Uttle loss, being suddenly stormed
while the enemy had gone out on
ihe opposite face of the fort to per-
foim some religious ceremonies.
The fall of this petty fortress is of
some importance, considering the
mortifying failures recorded in
previous parts of our Chronicle.
An officer, writing from the camp,
giyes some details that are both
amusing and interesting. The fol-
lowing fragments are extracted.
After describing the picturesque
position of the British encampment,
and the wild appearance of our na-
tive allies, the writer says —

" In front and beyond the ridge
on which our camp stood, the hill
rose gradually, sweeping towards
the left, and on its summit, rather
more than half a mile distant, was
ELawiti*s pah. Its site had been
selected with great care, and, as
from the curve of the hill a valley
intervened between it and us, we
saw it distinctly. It was situated
upon the same ridge with ourselves,
and occupied the whole breadth,
the ground falling perpendicularly
from its two sides. Originally it had
been a rectangular parellelogram,
130 yards long by 100 wide ; but it
was* rapidly assuming, and evi-
dently under the directions of one
who knew his business, the cha-
racter of a regular fortress. On
the east a large ravelin had been
thrown out, and the place was very
strong. On the north and south
had been formed large bastions.
That to the north was completed ;
the southern one was still unfi-
nished. The angles on the western
face which fronted ourselves were
also protected by bastions, but of a
smaller size. The main body of
the place was well defended. The
outer fortifications consisted of a
palisade formed of trees from fifteen
to eighteen feet high, and ft'om four-

teen inches to three feet in diameter,
bound together with withes, a tree
at intervals rising slightly above
the ground, so as to form a loop-
hole for those within. Across these
upright timbers ran two horizontal
beams, one three and the other
nine feet from the ground. They
were lashed to each limb of the
stockade, and gave strength and
continuity to the whole. Further
back, and at the distance of three
feet, was another palisade of the
same character. Beyond this was
a ditch, which answered, when the
heavy guns began to play, as a
covered way for the besieged. The
earth had been thrown up on the
inside, and in addition to the other
defences formed a rampart eight
feet high. Within, the huts were
placed irregularly, many of them
being also surrounded with pali-
sades, but nearly all were imder-
mincd. Over the pit dug below
were laid two layers of trees, and
these were carefully covered with
earth. Upon this substratum was
placed the floor of the hut, so that
the inhabitants had, in case of
necessity, a bomb-proof retreat.

" There were two guns at the
pah. A 12-pounder faced our bat-
teries, but Was disabled by our fire
early in the action. The other, a
3-pounder, was at the north-east
angle, but outside, and was sup-
posed to have been intended to
sweep the ground in advance, as
the troops had been expected to
attack in that quarter. There were
several wells inside, and one within
ten yards of the outer defences.
The place was scantily supplied ^
with potatoes and fern-root. Alto-
gether, standing as it did on the
verge of a precipitous ravine, amid
forest and mountain, where nature
assumed her wildest aspect, with
it« bastions and outworks, its flags

90

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1840

hold were carried, they had the
power of escape ; but their ideas
were clothed in all the wildness of
eastern allegory. ' I am a flut-
tering duck,* said one of the
speakers, ' I am a fluttering duck ;
I am a fluttering duck, and when
the waves rise I will fly away, I
will fly away, I will fly away.' '*

** The following amusing incident
occurred during the storming of
the pah. One of the Castor*8
sailors, named Sargeant, climed to
the top of the stockade, and com-
menced loading away and firing at
every one of the enemy that he
could see ; and when ordered by
Colonel Wynyard to come down,
he coolly replied, • Oh no, your
honour ; here's the place to see em;
come up here ! * It was after-
wards found that his cap had been
shot oiF, his coat shot through in
four places, and the palisade on
which he sat was riddled through
and through ; but the man himself
was never touched."

The despatches of Colonel Des-
pard will be found in the Appendix
to the Chronicle.

19. Election of the Pope. —
The French Government have re-
ceived a telegraphic despatch, an-
nouncing the election of the Pope.
The new Sovereign Pontiff is the
Cardinal Jean Marie Mastai, of the
family of the Counts Mastai Fer-
retti, and was born at Sinigaglia,
in the States of the Church, on the
13th of May, 1792. He became
Bishop of Imola, and was named
Cardinal in petto, on the 23rd of
December, 1839, and proclaimed
on the 14th of December, 1840.
He was Cardinal of the order of
Priests. The conclave of the Sa-
cred College lasted only two days,
opening on the 14th, and ter-
minating on the 16th of June.
Rarely has a conclave been so

short : it is said that the political
situation of the States of the
Church, and the necessity for pat-
ting an end to expectations that
might be changed into an alarming
agitation, hastened the decision of
the cardinals. The new Pope has
the reputation of being endowed
with a liberal and conciliatory mind;
his appointment has, in general,
been well received. The Cardinal
Mastai Ferretti, on ascending the
throne of St. Peter, takes the title
of Pius IX. Being only fifty-four
years old, he is one of the youngest
popes that have ever been elected.

17. Testimonial to Mr. Row-
land Hill. — In our Chronicle for
the yfear 1845, p. 13, our readers
will find it recorded that on the
21st of January Sir George Lar-
pent, in the name of the London
Mercantile Committee on Postage,
presented to Mr. Rowland Hill the
magnificent sum of 10,000Z. as a
testimonial to his efforts to obtain
reform in our postage system. This
was but the first payment of the
principal receipts, for on the Com-
mittee making up their accounts it
was found that the total receipts
had amounted to no less than
15,725^ 45. 8Jd, leaving, after
the deduction of the expenses, a
net sura of 13,360Z. 19^. 5d, The
balance was accordingly paid over
to Mr. Hill this day, at a public
dinner at the West India Dock
Tavern.

24. The Upcott MSS.— The
celebrated coUection of books and
manuscripts of the late Mr. Upcott
were this day disposed of by auc-
tion by Messrs. Evans ; but though
they brought large prices in many
instances, yet the whole sale real-
ized far less than the sum at which
the deceased proprietor had di-
rected the whole collection to be
offered to the public.

Lot 19. Coramodore Anson 'a
Book of OrdtTs (liinng his Voyage
round the World in 1742 ; SL 8*.
(British Mustnira.)

Lot 20 . A C (il 1 1? c t ion of A ii tli o ra *
^.ssignnients of tlieir manuscripts
publishers, comprising 583 ori-
inal documents, with the auto-
raphs of Addison, P*jpe, Gold-
lith, Ac, bound in four volumes,
dHo. in morocco ; 48^. (Mr. NiehoU.)
Lot 43. The Oiticiul and Private
jorrespondoiicc between James and
Solomon Dayndles, diplomatic re-
udeDtB at tlie liugne and at Ge-
neva, from 170t> to 1786, era-
Ikracing the important periods of
iibe Hanover succeasion, the peace
|of Utreeht, the rebel hon of 1715,
»nd other memorabie data ; twenty-
fone volumes, folio, and not hitherto
OonauUod by any hist^jrian ; llO^.
l(Briti£^h Museum.)

Lot. 44. The Correspondence

Btween Thomas Pennant and

S nianuel M end ea D a C oa ta , F . R . S . ,

11752-78 ; and a further series of

2,457 lettera between Da Costa

l-mnd other eminent naturalists, io

I eleven folio volumes ; &L 19«., and

1.32/. (Bnti4i Muaeum.)

Lot. 83, The Office Book of Sir
Cbristopber iiatton, ViceXhani-

I^berlatn to Queen Elizabeth, con-
taining transcripts of letters and
papers of the highest historical im-
portance ; Si, (Bnti*,h Mu.scuni.)
Lot. 91. The Official Corre-
spondence of Ilenrj llyde, seeond
Earl of Clarendon t Lord -Lieutenant
of Ireland ; of liia brother. Law-
rence Hyde, Earl of Rochester ;
and of Lord Cornhury, Governor of
New York ; in all 864 letters ; 45i.
(British Museum/)

Lot lOG, The Official Papers,

Instructions, and other documents

i of Sir Leoline Jenkins, Ambas-

t^ador from England, for tbe
neral peace at Cologne and Nime-
giien, with the original Treaty, in
Latin ^ having the signatures and
seal a of the authorized parties, and
of which no copy is extant in the
State Paper Office ; two folio vo-
lumes ; 70L (British Museum/)

Lot 1G4. *' The Snuff-box," an
nnpnhliahed poem, in the autograph
of William Shen stone ; 21 As. (Bri-
tish Museum.)

Lot 1 74. State Papera and Let-
ters, during the reigns of Henry
VI IL, Edward VI., Phihp and
Mary, Elizabeth, and James L,
1533-1020 ; in number 104 ; 40L
(Sir Thomas Philips.)

Lot 185. The Thoresby Papers,
his Diary and his Album ; the let-
ters comprising a correspondence
of nearly fifty years, from 1 079 to
1723 ; 29/. (British Museum.)

Lot 205. The Official Letters
and Despatches addressed to Henry
Woraley during his embassy at the
Court of Portugal, 1714-22 ; in all
280; 3?. 5g, (British Museum.)

Mr. Upcott's collection comprised
a large number of letters and docu-
ments from the muniment room of
the Evelyns, which had been given
away by old Lady Evelyn as so
nmch useless lumber ; the greater
part of these were repurchased for
tbe Evelyn family.

— SuiciDt: OF Mr. Haydon. — ^A
Coroner's ln<|uest was held on
the body of this nnbappy artist
(whose melancholy biography will
be found in our Obituary) at a
tavern near his late residence. The
inquiry disclosed one of the saddest
tales of the misfortunes of genius.
The Jury having been sworn
proceeded to view the body, Oti
entering the principal apartment on
the first floor, (which was used as
a pain ting- room/) a dreadful sigbt
presented itself. Stretched on the

a

^

92

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

floor immediately in front of a
colossal picture, (** Alfred the
Great and the First British Jury/')
on which the unhappy artist ap-
pears to have been engaged up to
his death, lay the corpse of an
aged man, his white hairs saturated
with blood, in a pool of which the
whole upper portion of the body
was lying. The head partially
rested upon his right arm ; near to
which were lying two razors, the
one in a case, and the other
smeared with blood, half open, by
its side. There was also near the
same spot a small pocket-pistol,
which appeared to have been re-
cently discharged, though it was
on half-cock when discovered. The
deceased appeared to have fallen in
the exact position in which he was
seen by the Jury. He was dressed
with great neatness, in the ordi-
nary attire which he wore while
engaged in painting. His throat
had a frighful wound extending to
nearly seven inches in length ; and
there was also a perforated bullet-
wound in the upper part of the
skull over the parietal bone.
Everything in the room had been
the subject of extraordinary and
careful arrangement. Mr. Hay-
don had placed a portrait of his
wife on a small easel immediately
facing his large picture. On an
adjoining table he had placed his
diary, which he kept with much
care for many years past. It was
open at the concluding page ; and
the last words he had entered
were ** God forgive me : Amen !**
Packets of letters addressed to
several persons, and another docu-
ment, headed ** The last thoughts
of Haydon, at half-past ten o*clock,
A.M., June 22, 1846,'* were also
placed upon the same table ; with
a watch, and a Prayer-book, open
H that portion of the Gospel ser-

vice appropriated to the sixth Son-
day after the Epiphany.

The Jury returned to the tavern.
The first witness examined was
Miss Mary Haydon, the daughter
of the deceased : aged sixteen.
Her father was sixty years of age
in January last. She described
the finding of his body on Monday
morning, on her entering his
studio. She had then just re-
turned from accompanying her
mother a short distance on her way
to Brixton. She last saw her
father alive at ten o'clock on Mon-
day morning. He then looked
agitated — more so than usual. She
had never known him to make any
attempt upon his life before. He
was not under medical treatment.
Mr. Coroner Wakley asked if he
had complained of his head in any
way of late ? Witness — Yes : it
was very unusual for him to do so,
but on Sunday night last he did
complain ; and during the last two
or three days I recollect to have
seen him frequently put his hand
up to his head. He had not slept
well for the last three months. He
did not seek medical advice ; he
did not seem to think it necessary.
He was always in the habit of
taking his own medicines. — Mr.
Haydon was a man of very tem-
perate habits. " I have noticed
that he had a very different ex-
pression of countenance during the
last three days. He was very
silent during the whole of that
period, and apparently absent in
his mind. I cannot say that he
tried to avoid meeting the members
of his family more than usual.*'
She did not know he possessed a
pistol, and thought he might have
purchased it when he went out on
Monday morning.

Two female servants gave evi-
dence to the same e£fect.

JUNE]

CHRONICLE.

93

»

^

The Revereiul Orlando Ilyiiimi
said he wtirt a »tepsoTi of deceased.
lie ohscTvod a great alteration in
Mr, Hajdon's coimtenatico on Sa-
turday. He was occentric from
his youth ; and had latterly he-
eome more so. He kept a diary
of the principal occurrences of his
life. The Coroner here produced
a large foho manuscript vohmic,
the last diary of the deceased ; and
he requested Mr. Il^Tnan to mark
such passages as inigJit throw any
light upon the st^te of deceased *k
jiiind recently, — ^taking care not to
disclose any family secrets : tbeso
passages \U\ llyman would read
t-o the Jury. After a short inter-
val» Afr. llyman said he was pre-
pared for the task. He had thought
it belter to go back to the month
of April ; at which period the fail-
ure of the exhibition of his picture
of the ** Banishment t>f Arislides'*
had aifeeted deceased very much.
He had built his hopes on that,
and considered it the last thing he
could do to extricate himself from
his difficulties. He was much at-
tached to his diary, and this was
the twenty-sixth Tolurne which
he had filled. Mr. Hyman pro-
ceeded to read extracts from the
diary.

♦'March 27.-^1 had my little
misgivings to-day on my way ti>
the Egyptian Hall. The hnrse
attached to the cab in which 1
rode fell. Would any man believe
this annoyed nie t Yet the same
accident oecurreti before tlie Gar-
toon contest."

* * March 3 1 . — A pril fool day to-
morrow. In putting my letters of
invitation to a private view into
the post, I let 300 of them fall to
the ground. Now for the trutli of
omens.*'

** April 4. — The first day of my
exhibition being opened, it rained

all day ; and no one came, Jerrold,
Bo wring, Fo.x Xfaulo. and Hob-
house, excepted. How different
would it have been twenty-six
years ago — the rain would not
have kept them away then !

*' Receipts 1st day» Christ enter-
ing Jerusalem/ 1820, 191. 16*,

*' Receipts, I st day^ Banishment
of Aristides,* II. Is. 6<J.

'* In God I trust : Amen,"

"April 13.— Receipts H. 3s. 6d,
An advertisement of a finer de-
scription could not have been writ-
ten to catch the public ; but not a
shilling more was added to the re-
ceipts. They rush by thousands
to see Tom Thumb, They push
— they fight — they scream — they
faint — they cry ' Help ! ' and * Mur-
der!* They see my bills and
caravans, but do not read them ;
their eyes arc on them, but their
sense is gone, H is an in-
sanity— a rabies /uror^a dream
— of which I wottld not have be-
lieved Englishmen could be guilty.
My situation is now one of extreme
peril, more so than when I be^an
* Solomon' thirty-three years ago.
Involved in debt — morticed by the
little sympathy which the pub he
displayed towards my best pictures
with several private engagements
yet to fulfih 1 nwoke^ as usual, at
four o'clock this morning, Mj
mind was immediately filled with
the next picture of my series, I
felt immediately, * Is it the whis-
pering of an evil or good spirit?'
hut believing it to be for good, I
called on my Creator, wlio has led
me through the wilderness during
forty yeais, not to desert me at the
eleventh hour."

Mr, Ilymon explained, that the
series of pictures which the writer
referred to were six large paintings
which he intended for the Farlia-
ment Palace, Mr, Hyman further

*

ruer

94

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

stated, ID reference to the religious
expressions interspersing the diary,
that the deceased was a very pious
man ; and in making his daily
entries, generally commenced them
with the following prayer — ** Oh
God, hless me through the evils of
this day ! *' or a somewhat similar
aspiration.

A medical gentleman was now
examined as to the cause of death.
He said it was loss of hlood from
the wound in the throat; which
must have heen inflicted by de-
ceased himself.

Mr. Hyman resumed his extracts
from the diary ; commencing with
an entry made on the 21st of
April, in which the unfortunate
man had noted down the number
of visitors to his own exhibition
during one week as 133^, while
Tom Thumb *8 levee, during the
same period, had been attended by
12,000 persons. The Coroner in-
quired whether the deceased had not
left a letter addressed to Mrs. Hay-
don ? Mr. Hyman replied that he
had, and also one to each of his
children. He handed to the Coroner
a packet containing the letters in
question. It was addressed, **To
Mrs, Haydon, my dearest love,"
and sealed in red wax, with his
own coat of arras. The Coroner
desired Mr. Mills, his deputy, to
read the letters severally. The
first read was addressed to Mrs.
Haydon, as follows —

*< London, Painting Room, June 22.
** God bless thee, dearest love !
Pardon this last pang ! Many thou
hast suffered from me ! God bless
thee in dear widowhood : I hope
Sir Robert Peel will consider that
I have earned a pension for thee.
A thousand kisses. — Thy dear hus-
band and love to the last,

** B. R. Haydon.

*'Give dear Mary 10^, and dear
Frank 10^. ; the rest for your
dear self of the balance from
Sir Robert's 501

•* Mrs. Haydon."

The next letter was addressed
to his son Frederick —

**God bless thee, Frederick, and
render thee an honour to this coun-
try.— Thy affectionate father,

" B. R. Haydok.
" To Mr. Frederick Haydon, R.N.*
The next was to his son Frank —
** God bless thee, dear Frank :
continue in virtue and honest doing.
God bless thee. — Thy affectionate
father,

*• B. R. Haydon.
" To Mr. Frank Haydon."
This was to his daughter —
** God bless thee, my dearest
daughter Mary ; continue the dear
good innocent girl thou hast ever
been, and love thy dear mother for
ever. Be pious, and trust in God.
— Thy affectionate father,

** B. R. Haydon.

" To Miss Mary Haydon."

Mr. Hyman returned to the diary,
and read the following extracts —

** May 4. — 1 have just received
a lawyer's letter, the first for a
long time. 1 have called on the
writer, who is an amiable man,
and has promised to give me time.
I came home under mingled feel-
ings of sorrow, delight, anxiety,
and anticipation, and sat down
to my palette under an irritable
influence. My brain became con-
fused, as I foresaw ruin, misery,
and a prison before me. I went
on with my picture, and rejoiced
inwardly at its effects ; but my
brain harassed and confused.
Fell into a deep slumber, from
which I did not awake for an
hour: I awoke cold — the fire out
— and went again to my picture.'*

JUNE]

95

•• Mfty 14. — This day forty-two
years 1 left ray nati^^e Plynuiuth
for LoDdoii. 1 have closecl my
exhihition with a loss of 1 1 H.
No one can accuse me of showing
less talent or energy than twenty
years ago,"

•* May 2L — Worked hard at my
picture* and advanced immensely.
Felt nneasy hccausc I could not
give my dear i^on money to go
and aee his college friends/'

** June 3. — Called on my dear

I friend Kemp, who advanced me

^8t>mc cash to get over my difficul-
ties. By the time my pictures arc
£nished they will h« all mortgaged:
but De?er mind, so that I get them
done/*

June 13. — Picture much ad-

iTanced ; hut my necessities are
dreadful, owing t{> the failure of

riay exhihition at the halL hi (tod

^T trust. It is hard — this struggle
of forty- two years' duration ; hut
Thy will and not mine he done/*

** June 14.— 0 God ! let it not
he preiiumption in me to call for
Thy blessing on my six works.
Let no difficulty on earth stay
their progress. Grant this week
Thy divune aid. From sourcei^ in-
vUtble raise me up friends to Have
me from the emharra.ssments which

. want of money nuist bring upon me;

•^End grant that this day week I may
he ahle to thank Thee for my ex-
trication."

** June 15. — ^ Passed in great
anxiety, after harastting ahout for
Baveral hours in the heat of the

,<iui/'

•* June 16. — Sat from two to
Rve o'clock staring at my picture

^like an idiot ; my brain pressed
down by anxiety and the nnxioua
looks of my family » whom 1 have
been compelled to infonn of my
condition. We have ruised money
on all our silver to keep us from

»i

86
■lil4

want in ca&e of accident. I have
written to Sir Robert Peel» to

, and to , stating that

I have a heavy sum to pay, 1
have ottered * The Duke*a Study '

to . Who answered first i

Tormented hy Disraeli, harassed
by public husiness, up came the
following letter —

"» Whitehall, .Tune 16.

" * Sir — I am sorry to hear of
your continued ombarraasments»
From a limited fund whieli 1 have
at my disposal, I send, us a con-
tribution for your relief from these
emharrassmenta, the sum of 501. — ■
1 remain, Sir»yourol>edicnt servant,
'' * RoBEiiT Peel.

** * Be so good as to sign and
return the accompanying receipt/

** That's Peel. Will ^,

; or '- , answer ? '*

"June 17, — ^My dearest wife
wishes me to stop the whole thing,
and clo8o payment ; but I will not !
I will finish my six pictures, by the
blessing of God!"

** June 18. — This morning, fear-
ing I i^lionld he involved, 1 returned
to a young hookseller some hooks
for which 1 had not paid him.

No reply from — — ^ or !

Aud this Peel is the man who
has no heart!'*

•'June 21.^ — ^ Slept horribly,
prayed in sorrow, and got up in
agitation."

The next was the last entry
made, imraediately hefore the w^orld
closed uptm the unbnppy man —

*' June 22. — God forgive me;
Amen.^Finis,

'^ B. R. Haydon.

** • Stretch ine no longer on thia
rough world. '—Lear.

** The end of the twenty-Bixth
volmne,"

In summing up Mr. Wakley said,
in leaving the case in the hands

»s

ANXLAL REGISTER.

[ISM

triyiit <ws&im fr«re« m> m* ^^tai^, as-
jMitil4«et « ^/nmmit ^vaoMBg: lnBadke»
1mi4 ttf^ve pjr^AMAM flue «(«0cnai^ «fi]f

li« k»4 WA ret vM aO das l»e
«Mil4 in r(!fuiMB«« t9 tbte ^teae-
fKMMtr <^ tke njd^ iMMMwraUe

htd ttwtVmA % dbi^strk foe 2i»/.
fiXMCtt tlMr Bxijal B^oontr Fimd, in
Mid^Y^ «A b« l^tatbd in fai§ letter^
ikMi tiM; Caunilr mignt n<4 be
mfA^auUid h^or^ a poMie appeal
e^mid he m»de in their b^uJf :
^ir iUfheri tM^ tiukt when tliAt
iriMi <i/ine« 'yf eoan»e be f^bciold be
iw/Mt rii^r Ui anuft forward, so far
an bi* j^trivAtu purse and personal
influence were corjcemed.

The Coroner, after baring again
remarked on tbe munificence of the
VrnmufT, inquired whether the jury
were unanitm^us in their rerdiet i

Tbe foreman applied in the
afllrmative. It was this — " We
find tliat the deceased, Benjamin
Robert Haydon, died from the ef-
fect of wounds inflicted bj himself;
and that tbe said Benjamin Robert
Hay don was in an unsound state of
mind when he committed the act."

— Mr. IIaydo.v's Family. — A
meeting was held, a few days after
the inquest, at the chambers of Mr.
Sergeant Talfourd, in Sergeant's
Inn, to devise meaHurcs for provid-
ing for the widow and daughter of
the late Mr. Haydon. Lord Mor-

cansittfi )iQr •dtfunahRXiiiiii 'flf i

StygUBUI iOL iuf ^»WC1HIIMgm

ntfiBiDtaB^ H^ «fiOiiiifl !■

wiodb JLr. £LBvAfm wM '

fofmmm 4m t&ie

wiath ht was

tiutf. mteoakg fecdfr tdbat ^ti

of kk pemaa^, audi tkt i

fToapailtT witk ids
dan^iier. Tlbat sac&
w<wld W most Mr camw^w^ hj
securing a pennaACBt pmiiiiiuiy to
lii^ widow aad dangktcr, Wk vdwIK'
destinzte by lus detlik ; aad dni a
pablie snbEcriptioa be opcaed for
that purpose.''

Mr Sergeant Talfoord read a
letter from Sir R44»ert Pc^ ex-
pressing regret at being unable to
attend, and mentioning that the
Queen bad granted Mrs. Haydon a
pension of 50/. a year from the
Civil Li$t. In the erent of the
meeting determining on a sabscrip-
tion. Sir Robert tendered 100/.
from his private parse. Further

?roof was given of Sir Robert
'eel's humane attention to the dis-
tressed family : Lady Ped had as-
signed a pension of 25/. a year to Mrs.
Haydon, out of a fund over which
she had control ; and Sir Robert
Peel having found that a son of
Mr. Haydon, who held a situation
in the Customs, was of sufficient
standing to receive promotion, im-
mediately gave him a step in rank.
Lord Morpeth, Sir John Hobbouse,
Mr. Sergeant Talfourd, and Mr.
W. HamUton, were appointed trus-
tees of the subscription ; and a

CHRONICLE.

97

considerable sum was subacribed on
the spilt,

24. Thunder »Stobms. — The in-
tense beat and drougbt, occasioned
by tbe lapse of many weeks with-
out rain, were at length alleviated
hy violent storms of rain, accom-
panied by thunder, lightnini^, and
haiU in nearly every part of tbe
kingdom.

In London and its neigbbourhood
the storm was very heavy^ and Uic
rain a porfet-t dehi«^e.

At Gmvesend, Winchester, and
other southern eounties the rain
waa terrific,

Cumberland and WeMmorolaud
cx|»erienced a fearful »stonn which
lasted fo!* several hours, and the
lightning was terrific. Much in-
jury waa dune, A girl was kiUed
in a field, and her mother was also
struck hy the lightning ; a man
^as also much injured. Sheep
were destroyed, trees knocked
down, and liouse^ struck. The
rain descended in streams.

Barnard Castle and DarUngton
I were similarly visited.

A number of people were struck
by the lightning at Gloucester and
the neighbourliorKi, but no one
was killed. The most serious dis-
aster occurred on tbe Stroud road.
Some fifteen person.^ sought refuge
in a toll -bouse ; the lightning struck
tree, and then glanced off to tbe
' toll-house, which wa» terribly shat-
tered ; many of the inmates were
Btunned and knocked down by the
I §hock» and tlie ruins of the build-
ling also fell upon tlieuK Several
I were very much hurt, A car-
i'penter waa walking along a road
with a pitchfork on bis shoulder ;
the lightning struck the fork
fftiid passed over the man's body,
scorching and rendering him
senseless : his clothes were torn
to pieces.

Vol. LXXXVIIL

One side of a house was entirely
denioILshed by a Hghtning-stroke,
at Barnstaple, on Monday.

At Melbourne two of the in ha-
bitant k, who had gone into a gar-
den to observe the lightning, wore
struck dead as they stood under
a poplar tree. One of tbe men
had been entreated by his wife not
to venture out, as be might be
hurt by the lightning : lie replied,
** Ob ! there's not one in a roiilioa
killed/'

At Rugby a tree, under which
three men were standing, was
struck ; one of the men, who
was h^aning agains^t the trunk,
was killed ; tbe others escaped
with slight injuries, A eard-
makyig ej*tabb->hnient, at Leeds,
was struck by the lightning, and
the whole of thirty-six girls who
wore at work were more or
less scorched, some dangerously.
Seventy -four sbeep were killed by
one flash on the Mendip Hills : they
were standing in a row mider a
wall. There was a succession of
violent storms at Durham. At
Sawrey, in Westmoreland, the air
seemed one electric iame for an
hour and a half: six young men,
who were standing close together,
were knocked down, but were not
hurt.

The storms were wide-spread in
Scotland, Around Inverness tho
rain poured down in torrents,
flooding a good deal of tbe coim-
try. The Dalvey burn rose fifteen
feet, and became a torrent, carry-
ing earth, stones, and trees into
the Spcy ; and a one -arc bed biidge^
thirty feet in spati, waa swept
away, tbe very materials having
disappeared.

Ireland also experienced some
violent storms. At Armagh two
women and a boy, who were work-
ing in a iield, were struck down,

U

08

ANNUAL REGISTER.

£1846

but they were only stunned. A
torrent of rain descended on the
mountain of Balljmaculad, be-
tween Ravensdale and Dundalk,
committing great hayoc : two
cottages, cows, sheep, and other
property were carried away by
•wollen streams. Two children
were swept into a riyer, and
were hurrying to destruction,
when four men courageously
linked themselves together, en-
tered the stream, and succeeded
in saving the children.

27. Thb Corn Bill.— The pass-
ing of the Com Bill and the new
Tariff has, of course, excited much
rejoicing in the manufacturing dis-
tnots in England and Scotland.
On the receipt of the news « bells
were rung ; flags and banners,
bearing appropriate inscriptions,
were displayed from factories, or
carried in procession about the
•treets ; cannons were flred, and
all the usual modes of giving
vent to popular feeling resorted to.
In many place sarrangements were
made by employers to give their
workmen a holiday and an enter-
tainment.

The practical effect of the new
Com Law, which came into ope-
ration this day, has been chiefly
exhibited in the large quantities of
grain released from bond, at Lon-
don, Liverpool, and other ports.
As regards prices a reduction took
place on Monday at Mark Lane,
and also in the principal markets
throughout the country ; but symp-
toms of a reaction soon began
to appear, the impression being
that the stocks of English wheat
and of Foreign were together not
more than would be required for
consumption, till the new crop
comes into market. Upon the
whole the effects of this important
measure upon the com market

were Tcry trifling, and tiie i^^
decline produced by the rdeaae
of the immense quantt^ of corn
in bond was Tory speedily com-
pensated by a considerable nbe in
prices.

— Resignation of Sib Robbk
Peel. — ^In consequence of the de-
feat of Ministers in the House of
Commons, on the Protection for
Life (Ireland) BiU, Sir Robert
Peel waited upon Her Majesty,
at Osborne House, and tendered
the resignation of himself and
his colleagues. Her Majesty was
pleased graciously to reoeiTO the
proffered resignation, and sent for
Lord John Russell, who arriyed at
Osborne House on the Tneeday
following, when he receiyed Her
Majesty s commands to form an
administration. This proying a
more practicable task Uian en a
former occasion, on Monday, the
6th of July, the ex-ministers at-
tended a Privy Council, h^ by
Her Majesty at Buckingham Pa-
lace, and formally surrendered
their seals of office into Her
Majesty's hand. After their de-
parture the new Ministers had
audience respectively, and kissed
hands upon their appointments to
their several offices.

28. The Orboon Settlement. —
The Hxbtmia^ royal mail steamer,
arrived at Liverpool this day, and
brings accounts from New York
to the 15th of June. The most
important intelligence is, that the
Oregon dispute had been amicably
settled ; the President having ac-
cepted the convention submitted
by Mr. Pakenham on behalf of
the British Government.

On the 10th of June the Pre-
sident communicated the terms of-
fered by the British (loyemment
to the Senate; but as the debate
which followed was conducted with

closed doore, little beyond the result
was known. Tbe diseus*^ioii lasted
till ttie evening of tlie 12tlt, wben,
by a majority of 38 to 12, the
Senate advised the President to
accept the terras offered, and the
President lost no time in acting on
the adirice.

The news that the question had
been amicably settled was immedi-
ately transmitted by the magnetic
telegraph to New York, where it
hod a very favourable influence
on all descriptions of business.
The vessels in the harljour hoist-
ed their flafirs, and there was a
general eicliauge of congratula-
tions throughout the city. Nor
did these news produce a less
favourable effect in this country.
The iiiteUigenec completely al-
tered the appearance of the stock

1 market, and gave it a buoyancy

[ it had not exhibited for »omo time.
The first effect of the news was to
produce an improvement of one-half
per cent, in the price of consols,
and that advance was well sup-

, ported in the face of extensive

' sales.

29; Grasd Review ik Hyde
Park. — The Household Troops,
consisting of the 1st regiment of
Life Guards, the Royal Horse
Guards (Blues), the 1st and 2nd
battahons of the Grenadier Guard.?,

I the 1st battalion of the Coldstream

Guards, and the 1st battalion of

Scots Fusilier Guards, were

Bwed aud inspected by his

f- Grace the Duke of Wellington, as
Commander-in-Chief of the Army,
in the presence of his Ilighneas
Ibrahim Pasha and suite.

The preaenc^ of the Egyptian

Erinee drew together a most bril-
ant staff of officers of the high-
est rank, and prodigious crowds of
I people rushed to get a sight of the
^^ celebrated yisitor.

»i

— Rao. WAT Accident,— A la-
mentable accident occurred ou the
Bri^^hton radway, at tlie Balcombe
station, which is about a miie and
a half on the Brighton Hide of
the Balcombe tunnel. The sta-
tioti is of the worst construction.
It comprises a kind of sentry-box,
on the left of the up-line, just suf-
ficient to shelter the station-clerk,
his desk, Aic. It is approached
by a deep tiight of steps from the
main road, which passes over the
railway ; there is no platform or
railing to prevent persons wan-
dering on the line. Passengers
traveUiug by the up -trains are
compelled to walk across both
line^ of rails to the opposite side.
The Balcombe policeman had in
the morning got leave to go to
Brighton on business, and the only
person to perform all the duties
of the station was Mr. Shaw, the
station-clerk. The two o*clock ex-
press down-train passes Balcombe
a few seconds before the half- past
two o'clock Brighton train comes
up ; hence there is great danger
in crossing over the rails, which
passengers must do to enter the
up-train when it stops. The ex-
press-train does not stop at Bal-
combe. After taking a ticket, a
lady, of the name of Murphy, pro-
ceeded to cross the rails in the
direction of the shed on the up-
line ; and at the same moment the
down express was heard by Shaw,
approaching at its usual velocity.
He hjoked out of his doorway, and
saw that the lady had apparently
slipped or fallen on the down- line
of the rails. Seeing her imminent
danger, he heroically rushed out,
caught hold of her, and made a
desperate effort to throw the un-
fortunate lady off the line, when
at the same instant the engine
struck them both to the ground »

H 2

ANNUAL REGISTE

inm

A more sfH^V >«1>«
WM wemntij ever mOntm&L ThB

af SluMT, readeriBg ^e
ef lue fesloree
Tke keadi of l&s.
MmhT wm waAj est m Uf.
It spy«ert4 dMt die intetiBirte
Mj, wke wae &r aidNmaeed is
in tlie set ef
^e rsih, wi^m iIk mw
d^ traiB afpriMdHBg, aad, pear^-
IjmI et ^e sgkt, iMieed of step-
■OMr o€ tlie be, iIk leak doivs
* lidiepkcr
of prmjer.
li wee, of eoene, napoooftle to
mem tlie traie m time to

faC

ep, tte tTuw-ui^ rUS

ii bis peefceti» obmL partly '
it WW s piec» of eoid waA to
■mmA Ae tviM, ariiiiiba
left Acre die vevio»eUi. Ike

A VD ■i« mntwrn IM^ ^"^ S^ ^^^_

jeifl; ^e 4oorweeM*(

everdiefaKft. W* kii

JXXY.

1. SnCDB AT 5omiS«MA]f. —

Aeoroner'fliiiqvest waokeyettke
■UUioii-lHNne Noitrngbeoi, to in-
» isto tliedeedMof two Vrolkera,
Semaol CoDier, wi^m
the foDowiBg mdeadiolj aeteflo
were dBehed n the eridoiee.

Clutfles Sewell — ^I fire n TrinitT
Sqoeie, oa Monrfckl Roed. I en
a ropemaker hj trade, and work at
Mr. Tajkr*fl wkooe ropewalk b at
tke keek of Parliameiit Street. On
going to the jard tku moniiiig,
aoon after fire o*ckKk, and kiokiBg
into Ike ohed at the bottom of Ike
3fard, wkiek is nsed for tke kds to
tke twist in, I mw two men

hanging, and went vp to \
tken to tke otker end of tke yard,
forlwasfrigbtened. ItoUSamnol
Dowling, wko was making " fleaks'*
in tke dose adjoining tke ropewalk.
He went np witk me to tke sked,
and idiile I and anotker man, wko
me wilk kim, assisted to kold

Tkey

Ileboa«eftkeMii»a^
ke was not fnito eaU. Kinst
to«ek tke otker.

SamndTowMOi
to tke aame eiiecC

MarrWsid, a
otkers wko were
tkem, dtpoacd to die
kekaTionr of die fiimihr, aiad atoted
tkat tkey were in toj iKhimmhiij
eiienmstaneca, and kad, npon moM
tkan one occasion, ^oken ef pat-
ting an end to fkfir miaiiiicn

returned a Terdiet tkat *'ko&die

in n state of teaiporary derange-

Inquiry was now made fiir Ikflir
aged firtker, wko knd lived widi
kis nnkapp J sons, wken it appeared
tkat ke kadk^kooM and was gone
none knew wkidier. After mnck
searek ke was found to kave wan-
dered awaj to Beeston. wkere ke

JULY]

CHRONICLE.

101

wag taken in ft very distressetl con-
dition. On tbe road home he
talked a great deal, and said,
** Where are my poor Inda? can you
tell tne anything about them ? are
they dead ? aro tliey buried I Lord
have mercy on me ; I hnve heen
a very wieked njan ;" and he spoke
wildly obont bis daughter, his
money clnba, ami bis circurasitaneea.
He said he bad been two or three
times to tbe cnt (caniil) to throw
himself in, but he could not do it.
No one conimutiieated to him any-
tbing about tbe fate of bis sons.
The old man was removed to the
union workhouse, where he re-
mained in a very precarious state.
There is no doubt that owing to
their distreaeed circumstances, they
all three meditated fielf -destruc-
tion, and that tbe old man at-
tempted it^ hut, as he »aid, he could
not eifet^t his purpose. The de-
ceased were given into e us tody
three or four years ago, on a
charge of cruel usage to a sister,
who is now confined in a lunatic
Myluni, The poor creature was
found hy tbe neighhuurs elmined in
a cellar, her Itair and nails grown
to an enormous letigtb. and her
hodv in a most pitiable state from
sores, with which it was nearly
coTered.

3, CONFLACRATION AT SOHAM. —

A very eitenjiiTe tire occurred at
Soham, near Cambridge, early this
morning. Thirteen houses were
destroyed, including farming pre-
mises, a mill, shops, and private
residences. An area of at least
five acres was laid waste ; even
the trees and hedges of the gajdcns
were hurnt. The mill waa a very
fine one, five stories high ; after it
had been on fire for some time the
sails, which were in fianies, got
loose, and whirled round like a
gigantic firework, producing a pe-

culiar and beautiful effect. The
supply of water could only he ob-
tained from the wells, and these
had been almost exhausted by pre*
Tious fires and the dry weather*
Seventy-nine persons were ren-
dered bouselesB by the calamity ;
but fortunately, most of the pro-
perty destroyed was insured — the
loss was estimated at 6,000i,

The fire is believed to have heen
wilful ; for it is said to have broken
out in several places at once, and a
number of fires have al»o occurred
very recently in the same town.
An int|uiry residted in the arrest of
Cornelius Harvey, a man of inde-
pendent property, and of James
his nephew, a grocer and draper.
James Harvey 'e bouse was amongst
those burnt ; his stock and pre-
mises were highly insured in the
Snffolk Fir© Office ; he owed his
uncle 300/. ; and although the
whole of his stock was saved, he
claimed the full sum for which he
had insured. They were tried at
Cambridge, when it was satififac-
torily proved that the suspicion
was totally groundless, and thej
were acquitted. This neighbour-
hood has long been unfortunately
notorious for incendiary fires ; and
it is said that no less than ten pre-
vious attempts at incendiarism have
recently been made in the street
where this conflagration com-
menced.

4- Horrible Murder at Da-
CKNHAM. — A murder of a very atro-
cious character, the circumstances
and perpetrators of which are
enveloped in deep mystery, came
to light at Dagcnliam, in Essex.
Since the establishment of the
rural police, that force have proved
so eifcctual in preventing or de-
tecting the evil deeds of the de-
sperate gangs that infest tbe shores
of the river, that the more a/^\\%^

I

102

REGISTER.

[1846

I

officers bad been tbreatened witb
retaliation, mid it was deemed ad-
visable to remove tbe force from
Dagenbam to otlier stations, i^up-
plying tbeir place bj a draft from
tbe Metropolitan Police* Amoag
tbeae was a young man named
G eorge C 1 arke . Clarke was ordered
on tbe nigbt of Monday, June 29,
on tlie beat at tbe Four Wants,
wbere be was left by bis sergeant.
He was not found on bis boat on
tbe following morning wbcn tbo
Borgeant (Parsons) wont liis round.
After waiting t4onie etmsiderable
time Sergeant Parsons returned
to tbe station, and reported Clarke
absent. At six o*cloek on Tues-
day morning, wben tbe otiier men
came off duty, tbe poor fellow was
not among them, and tben some
anxiety was manifested by bis
brotber constables about bim. —
Suspicions were tben aroused tbat
Clarke bud been tbe victim of some
foul play, and tbe Dagenbam
Waters, and numerous ponds in
tbe vieinity of tbe village, were
dragged for bia body ; but witbout
any trace of it being discovered.

Tbrougbout tbe wbole of Wed-
nesday» Tburaday, and Friday, tbe
searcb was continued, and it was
not until late on Friilay evening
tb a t til e b ody w ai^ f ou n d, T b e co u -
stablea baving failed in finding tbe
body of tbe deeeased in tbe water,
commenced sea robing tbe eora and
potato fielili in the immediate
vieiiiity* After passing tbrougb a
potato field belonging to a gentle-
man named Collier, one of tbe con-
stables remarked tbat tbere wa.s a
strong and very unpleasant smell
in tbe atmosphere, and on bis pro-
ceeding a few paeen fnrtberbe dis-
covered a polieeiuan's staff, much
cut and cbopped about » lying in
the ditcb wbieh separated tbe
potato from tbe corn field. Tbia

ci re urn stance left no doubt that
tbe body was not far off, a fact
more strongly supported by tbe
discovery, at no considerable dis-
tance, of a police cutlass sticking
in tbe he<Jge, and covered with
blood and human hair. About ten
or twelve yards further on, towards
the centre of tbe field, was imme-
diately after discovered the body
of the deceased man, face upper*
most, in a most dreadful state of
decomposition, and so shockingly
mutilated and covered with blood
tbat scarcely a single feature was
discernible. Mr. Collins, a sur-
geon residing in tbe neighbourhood,
was sent for to examine the wounds
of tbe deceased before the body
was removed from the field. There-
suit was that tbe whole of the back
part of the poor fellow *s bead was
found to be completely beaten in.
There were other dreadful injuries.
The scalp had been torn from the
head and was lying by the side of
the body, and witb such violence
had the deceased been thrown to
the ground, tbat, notwithstanding
its hardness, occasioned by the dry-
ness of tbe weather* the body had
made a complete indentation. The
corpse was with much difficulty re-
moved to the ruins of an old house
near the Four Wants. II ere
a further examination of tbe body
was made ; and on tbe removal of
the deceased's stock, a frightful
wound in the throat several inches
in length presented itself, besides
several others, and the thick leather
stock was found to be cut through
in several places. Thei-e was
also a wound passing completely
through the neck from tbe right to
the left (corresponding with the
cuts in the stock), precisely similar
to those made by butchers in the
sticking of sheep. These injuries
had evidently been inflicted by a

4

I

sharp double-edged knife or dirk.
At the back of tho neck waa a deep
cut, believed to be done with a cut-
laas, extending do^Ti to» and nearly
aeTering tbe »pine, as also a simi-
lar wound on the shoulders. The
forefing^er of the deceased *« left hand
waa cut otf» and there were other
frightful wounds and injuries about
hia bod J.

The »pot where the body was
found is about a quarter of a mile
from the main road leading to Rom-
ford, and tlie Bamo distance from
the deceased *8 heat ; he hnd no
business where his remains wero
discorered, utiless in [uirsuit of
fiome one* An examination of tbe
spot where the body was found left
no doubt that tbe struggle between
f the unfortunate constable and hl^
' aasailants must have been of a mont
desperate character. Tbe corn was
trcwidea down for a distance of ten
or twelve yards around where the
body lay in every direction, and
here and there were to be seen
several patches and spots of blood ;
the poor fellow, too, was found to
have a quantity of wheat tightly
gasped m h\^ right hatid.

The most experienced of the
London police were &])eedily on the
spot, but notwithstanding their ut-
most diligencGi and the large re-
wards that were offered, not the
slighte'^t clue to the perpetration
could be obtained. It came out,
however* in the course of tbe in*
Testigation, that Sergeant Parsons
and the other members of the force
stationed at Dagenham had, either
to cover some neglect of duty or
for graver reasons, given a fali?e
account of their proceedings on tbe
night of the murder, and they, or
at least Parsons, fell under great
suspicion : they were given into
custody and placed under strict sur-
Teillance ; nothing further, how-

ever, appeared to implicate thera in
the murder, and they were dis-
charged and dismissed tbe force.
The atrocity of the deed, and tbe
mystery surrounding it, created
great sensation.

— TiiE Weather. — Th*» impre-
cedented heat of the weather is de*
serving of commemoration. In
London, on Sunday* the tliermo-
meter in some situations ranged aa
high as 95*' in the shade, and in
Manchester 87**.

The heat at Paris reached S?!**
in tbe shade. With three excep-
tions, this was the bigbest point
reached during the last fifty years;
in 1800 the thermometer ascended
as high ; in 1802 it attained 105'';
and in 1825, 104".

The overcharged atmosphere was
relieved at length by tremendous
storms of rnin and bail, accom-
panied by thunder and lightning,
and considerable damage was done
in some parts of the kingdom »

The Re- Elections. — The re-
elect ion« consequent upon tbe mi-
nisterial arrangements have takf-n
place in most cases without opposi-
tion^ and with successful opposition
in one case only.

The new Prime Ministeri Lord
John Russell, was re-elected for
the City of Londoji, on the 8tb in-
stant, with out any opposition. After
he bad been declared duly elected,
the noble Lord addressed the Livery,
reviewing tbe progress of financial
refoiTO since his election, and high-
ly eulogizing tbe conduct of Sir
Robert Peel and Mr. Cohden ; and
hiilding out prospects of renewed
prosperity for the future. Tbe
noble Lord was received with much
enthusiasm by his friends, and with
great cordiality by the leaders of
tbe other party.

Sir G. Grey, Devonport,

Colonel Fox, Tower Hamleta^

I

I
I

104

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Capt. F. Berkeley, Gloucester,
Hon. W. F. Cowper, Hertford,
Lord Marcus Hill, Evesham,
Sir John Jervis, Chester,
Bt. Hon. R. L. Sheil, Dungarvon,
B. Hon. T. M. Gibson, Man-
chester,
Mr. Gibson Craig, Edinburgh-
shire,
Bt. Hon. C. Buller, Lichfield,
Mr. Rich, Richmond,
Lord Morpeth, Yorkshire, W. R.,
Rt. Hon. C. Wood, Halifax,
Viscount Palmerston, Tiverton,
Mr. Labouchere, Taunton,
Mr. Rutherford, Leith,
Lord R. Grosvenor, Chester,
Mr. Fox Maule, Perth,
were re-elected without opposition.
At Nottingham, Sir John Hob-
house was threatened with a show
of opposition by Mr. Feargus 0 'Con-
nor, the Chartist ; but the show of
hands being unfavourable, the latter
declined to proceed to the poll, and
Sir John was re-elected.

The Worcester election was at-
tended with somewhat singular cir-
cumstances. Sir Thomas Wilde,
the new Attorney-General, had ar-
rived in the city, preparing to be
re-elected on Wednesday. About
eleven o'clock on Tuesday night.
Sir Denis Le Marchant arrived at
the Bell Hotel with the news of the
death of Sir Nicolas Tindal, and
bearing a letter from Lord John
RusseU to Sir Thomas Wilde, offer-
ing him the vacant place of Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
Sir Thomas instantly accepted the
appointment, and announced the
fact in a letter to the mayor ; and
the proffered services of Sir Denis
Le Marchant having been accepted
by some of the leading electors,
who were hastily summoned, it was
resolved to substitute him for Sir
Thomas Wilde on the following
oming. By daybreak, copies of

the letter from Sir Thomas to the
mayor announcing his elevation to
the bench, and an address fixMn Sir
Denis Le Marchant, offering him-
self as a candidate in his place,
appeared in the placards.

The election took iplace in the
Guildhall. The mayor, with an
expression of regret at the loss of
the services of Sir Thomas Wilde,
nominated Sir Denis Le Marchant,
of Common Place, Surrey, as mem-
ber for Worcester. No opposition
having been offered. Sir Denis was
declared duly elected.

At Plymouth, the return of Vis-
count Ebriugton was opposed br
Mr. Vincent, a Chartist, and a poU
took place, when Lord Ebrington
obtained 714 votes, Mr. Vincent
187.

At St. Alban's the only serious
contest took place, and here the
Earl of Listowel, one of the new
Lords in Waiting, was defeated by
a large majority by Mr. Bond Cab-
beU of benevolent celebrity.

At Edinburgh Mr. Macaulay,
who had become obnoxious to some
of the stricter religionists on ac-
count of the universal toleration of
his principles, received violent op-
position from Sir Culling Eardley
Smith, but was re-elected by a
large majority.

In consequence of the elevation to
the peerage of the highly-esteemed
nobleman Lord Francis Egerton,
now Earl of Ellesroere, a new re-
presentative for South Lancashire
was found in Mr. William Brown,
an eminent merchant of Liverpool,
of liberal principles, but so uni-
versally respected as to meet with
no opposition from the Conservative
gentry of the county.

9. Fearful Catastrophe. —
TmRTY-NiNE Persons drowned. —
During the storms caused by the
overcharged atmosphere, the fol-

JULY]

CHRONICLE.

105

lowing fearful catastropbc occurred
at the Eii3t Wheal Rose Silver and
Lead Mioe, ahoui eight miles north
of Truro, in consequence of a vio-
lent th under- storm bursting over
the miue and the immediate vici-
nity* the rain falling in torrents.
The workings of the mine run

» north and south through the middle
of a natural amphitheatre, with
onlj one outlet, a narrow ra>nne at
the north. The rain, wliicli ap-
peared to fall in almost solid masses,
poured in on the basin in which the
mine is situivtc from all the hill 3
around, and the outlet was inHuiii-
cient for the rapidly accumulated
waters; the &torm altogether lasted

I but little more than an hour, and
was so partial m^ scarcely to extend
beyond the limits of the hilU which
encircle the site of the mine ; yet
80 great was the accunmlation of
water, thai a complete torrent
poured down the shaft of the ndne,
flooding the works. At the time,
200 miners, men and lads, were
below. The rush of air caused hy
the entry of the water, and its
breaking down largo portion.^ of
the mine, put out the lights ; hi»t
the people in the higher levels
groped their way to the bott^jm of
the shaft, where every exertion was
made to draw them up. In the
evening there were still forty-three
missing ; four came up early next
morning ; the rcniQining thirty-niuo
were drowned, or buried under the
earth which fell on the flood '« wash-
ing away the supports of the gal-
leries. The mine was lOU fathoms
deep, and it was flooded to above
the 50-fathom level.

— ExTRAonritxARY Flight of
Butterflies, — An extraordinary
flight of butterflies crossed the
Channel from France to England,
in the raorning of Sunday. *Sueh
was the density and eittent of

the cloud formed by the living
mass, that it completely obscured
the Bun from the people on board
the continental steamers, on their
(>assage, for many hundreds of
yards, while the insects strewed
the decks in all directions. The
flight reached England about twelve
o^clockat noon, and dispersed thcm»
selves inland and along shore,
darkening the air as they went,
[luring the sea passage of the but-
terflies the weather was ealm and
sunny, with scareely a puff of wind
stirring ; but an hour or so after
they reached terra Jtrma, it came
on to blow very hard from the S.W.,
the direetion whence the insects
came.

15. Flouging in the ArtMY.—
Very groat excitement having pre-
vailed in the neighbourhood of
1 1 on n slow, owing to a report that
a soklier had died from the severity
of a military flngging, the matter
was taken up by the magistrates
and parish oflieers ; and notwith-
Btandmg the opposition of the mili-
tary offlcers, who will not permit
that what takes place within bar-
racks shall be subjected to the in-
vent ignti on of the civil autboritiea
when they can hy any means pre-
vent it, a eoroner^s inquest was
holden on the body of Frederick
Jcdin White, a private in the 7lh
Hussars, the alleged sufferer.

The inquest was liulden at the
George the Fourth Inn, liouuslow
Heath. The jury went to the
barracks to view the corpse. It
was in a eoftin ; and on being
turned round on its face, the back,
from the nape of the neck down to
the loins, presented a deep purple
appearance. In the n*iddle of the
back, between the shoulders, where
the greatest inflammation had evi-
dently been, a great piece of skin,
nine inches one way and eigKt

i
4

J

106

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

inckes the other, hadheen cut away.
The coroner inquired where the
skin was, and hj whom it had heen
cut off ; and was told it had been
cut off by Dr. Read, who had been
•ent down by the Horse Guards to
perform a pott mortem examination
of the body : it should be looked
for. Much deUy was occasioned
by the search ; and eyentually a
piece of skin was brought, which,
howeyer, was not a fifth part of the
whole. On the reassembling of the
jury in their room, the coroner in-
auured if any of the relatives of the
deceased were present ? The ad-
jutant of the regiment sud there
were not: he had not written to
them on the subject ; it was only
known from the deceased's attesta-
tion where they were to be found.
Mr. Wakley advised an adjourn-
ment, in order that the relations of
the man might be present, that two
military surgeons who had ex-
amined the body might be sum-
moned to give evidence, and that
a surgeon nominated by the jury
might examine the corpse. The
inquiry was accordingly adjourned,
and resimied on the Monday follow-
ing.

A brother of the deceased was
present at the adjourned inquiry.
A number of soldiers were examined,
who described the flogging inflicted
on White. It was done under the
sentence of a court-martial, who
had found him guilty of striking
his sergeant across the breast with
a poker. The punishment was one
hundred and fifty lashes : the sur-
geon did not interfere during their
infliction, nor did the culprit com-
plain ; the whole number of strokes
was administered. Two farriers
wielded the cats ; which, said one
witness, made the punishment more
severe than in other regiments ;
trumpeters, mere youths, being ge-

nerally employed. Sereral of the
soldiers, but none of the officers
fainted during the puniahmeiit.
When it was over, White walked
to the hospital. There he was
treated for the cure of his lacerated
back ; when that was getting well,
he experienced an attack of ndk-
ness, which he considered was the
result of the flogging. A soldier,
who was in the hospital, declared
that Dr. Warren, the regimental
surgeon, had assented to White's
notion that the punishment had
brought on the sickness. That
sickness terminated in death. As
described by the soldiers. White's
ailments were a pain in the left side,
a violent beating of the heart, boUs
on the back, and pains in the legs.
These appear to have arisen after
the mangled back had pretty well
healed. One witness remarked,
that punishment by the cat was of
frequent recurrence in the regi-
ment ; in America it had been
more frequent than since the troops
had come home. After the punisn-
ment had been inflicted, Colonel
Whyte addressed the men, declar-
ing that White's conduct had been
brutal ; he was determined to re-
press it ; and he told the men to
say to the culprit when he re-
covered, that if he misbehaved
again he should be punished in the
same way.

Mr. Wakley, the coroner,
thought it necessary that the body
of the deceased should undergo
another surgical examination ; and
the inquest was adjourned for a
week for that purpose. The body,
which had been interred at Heston,
was exhumed, and two eminent
Burgeons appointed for the examin-
ation, the interference of the regi-
mental surgeons being forbidden.

The inquest was resumed on the
27th inst., when, after additional

IJOLY]

CHRONICLE.

107

idence had been given by aoldiera
hoi the panishment inflicted on the
Tdecea»ed, tbe surgical witnesses
[were examined,

Dr* Jaraos Warren, surgeon of
the regiment, stated » that he had
► certified previously to Whitens trial,
I that he was in a fit state of health
rto undergo punishment. At the
i execution of the punishment he hiid
I not interfered : he had given no
l<»rders ; it was not necessary that
(lie should do so* The deceased
' euifered no convulaion& while being
flogged ; he did not faint, and he
never appealed to liitn. lie stood
close to deceased. lie asked him
no questions, and he never felt his
pulse ; it was not necessary. After
the punishment, which took place
I on the 15th June, tbe back bcalod
' rapidly for the first two weeks ; at
the end of two weeks it was nearly
quite well. On the 4th of July
f the entry in the hospital mcraor-
andum>hook was *' His hack is
now quite well, and he is fit for
duty. ' ' On the 6th, deceased made
com plaints of pains at tbe heart.
I There had been no previous com-
I plaint of internal pains. He was
, not examined hy tlie stethoscope.
' He had never admitted that
White's illness arose from the
flogging. The statement of Mat-
klhewaoD to that effect was a false-
I liood. A post mortem examination
. was made by the witness. Dr. John
Hale, and Dr. F. Reid. Dr. Hale
drew op a long statement of the
morbid appearances ; and the three
[gentlemen signed this certificate—
' •* Having made a careful post
wnorUm examination of private Fre-
derick White, of the Sovenih Hus-
sars, we are of opinion that he
died from infiammationof the pleura
and of the Hnlng membrane of the
heart : and we are further of opi-
nion that the cause of death was in

nowise connected with the corporal
punishment he received on the 1 5th
of June last.^*

Dr. Halo stated in his examina-
tion, that the skin of the hack had
been removed to see the condition
of the parts beneath : in his ac-
e*>unt of the post mortem examina-
tion he said, that under this skin
the condition of the flesh was sound
and natnral. He did not think the
death of White had any connection
with the punishment he received.
Dr. Reid thought the punishment
had nothing to do with the cause
of death. Mr. Day, surgeon, of
I sic worth, agreed with the preced-
ing witnesses : he supposed death
was produced hy change of tempera-
ture and exposure to the cold,

Mr. Erasmus Wilson, an eminent
anatomical lecturer, took a different
view of the matter. This gentle-
man had examined the corpse in
H est on churchyard ; and ho di-
rected his attention especially to
the hack and spine. He says in
his observations on the case^** On
raising the muscles or flesh from off
the ribs and spine, I find a part of
the deepest line of muscles, viz.
that which lay in contact with the
bones, in a state of disorganization,
and converted into a soft pulp : in
medical language, I should call
this a pulpy softening of the mus-
cle!*. The &eat of this pulpy soften-
ing was the sixth and seventh ribs,
near their attachment to the spine,
together with their intervening
apace and the hollow between the
sixth and seventh piece of the spine.
The extent of the disorganization
was about three inches in lengthy
by about one inch and a half in
greatest breadth, and between a
quarter and a half an inch in thick-
ness. In the space between the
rihs, the muscles had undergone
this pulpy alteratioTV, ^^^\v. ^q \fe«^

108

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

as the lining membrane of the chest,
the softened muscles being in abso-
lute contact with the lining mem-
brane : that portion of the flesh
which occupied the groove of the
spine, and had undergone a similar
disorganization, was one of the little
muscles known to medical men un-
der the name of the multifidsB spinsB.
In addition to softening this little
muscle, it was parl^ surrounded
with blood. It was in a state
medically called ecchymosed. The
cause of the pulpy softening I be-
lieye to have been the excessive
contraction of the muscles taking
place during the agony of punish-
ment. This excessive contraction
would produce laceration ; subse-
quent inflammation of the muscles ;
and the inflammation, instead of
being reparative, would, in conse-
quence of the depressed state of the
powers of the nervous system of
the sufferer, be of the disorganized
kind which results in pulpy soften-
ing. Had the man lived, the dis-
organization of the muscles would
in time have been repaired. The
presence of a portion of muscle in
a state of disorganization and in-
flammation, in close contact with
the lining membrane of the chest,
might be adequate to the produc-
tion of the same effect. Certainly
no surgeon would feel comfortable
with regard to the state of his pa-
tient if he were aware of such
dangerous proximity.*'

In his evidence Mr. Wilson said,
" It was such an appearance as I
was far from expecting ; and I am
not surprised that military medical
officers should not be aware of its
existence, because I don*t think it
is stated in any work extant. There
can be no doubt that the disease of
the heart and lung, and its lining
membrane, were the proximate
cause of death. I think there can

be no doubt the man would have
been alive now, had it not been for
the corporal punishment he was
subjected to.'*

Mr. Day was re-examined. He
agreed with Mr. Wilson as to the
change of muscle ; but could not
say that that accounted for death.

Lieutenant-Colonel Whyte ex-
plained what he said to the men
after the punishment. ** 1 said,
that I deeply regretted the neees-
sity under which I had laboured, of
inflicting a punishment so diagraoe-
ful to the man and so disgraeeful
to the regiment ; a punishment,
too, which was of such rare oocor-
rence in it. I further stated, that
this man had brought it upon him-
self by a long course of the aame
particular crime for which he had
now been punished ; that within the
last three years he had been brought
before me, or before the command-
ing officer, four times for assaults ;
that he had now ended his cata-
logue of crime by a cowardly as-
sault with a poker upon an un-
armed man ; and that it was in
consequence of such conduct that
he found himself in the disgraceful
position in which he had just been
witnessed. ^* This witness explained
how desirous officers are not to oc-
casion unnecessary suffering: *'At
the end of every twenty-flve lashes
there is always a pause. If the
man wishes for water or to have the
cords, which may be hurting him,
moved, he is accommodated ; and
that being over, the next farrier
takes the whip, and the adjutant
again says, ' Go on.' " The pun-
ishment was by no means severe :
Farrier Evans "hardly struck at
all ;" he is *' a nervous, mild dis-
positioned man, and always flogs
lightly:" Farrier Critton did not
make up for this lenciency, that
the Colonel knew of.

rULY]

CHRONICLE.

109

The inquest was again adjourned
for a week.

Tlie inquest was again resumed
on the 3rd of August. TheevtdeEce
then given consisted for the moat
part of repetition. The only point
of interest wa^ a statement by the
family of the deceased, that he was
not of perfeetly soimd mind. The
depositions were read over to tlie
jury, and the coroner weot over
the evidence, and the Jury, after a
fthort absence* returned thia ver-
lict :— *• That the deceased soUlier,
Frederick John White, died on the
1 1th of July 184t>, from the mortal
reffects of a severe and cruel flog-
Iging of one hundred and fifty lashes,
rhirh he reeeived on the loth of
June, 1846, at the cavalry barracks
m Hounslowr Heath, at Heston ;
[that the said flogging was inflicted
jion his back and neck under the
laentence of a district court martial,
omposed of officers of the Seventh
pRegiment of Hussars, behl on the
10th of June previous, duly consti-
tuted for his trial ; that the said
court martial was autboriificd by
law to pass the said severe and
uel sentence ; tliat the flogging
ras inflicted upon him by two far-
riers tn the presence of John James
\M)yte, the Lieutenant-Colonel,
and James Low Warren, the Sur-
geon of the said regiment ; and
hat so and by means of the said
'flogging the death of the said Fre-
derick Jokn White was caused. In
returning this verdict, the jury
cannot refrain from cxpreasing their
horror and disgust at the existence
of any law amongst the statutes or
^Angulations of tltis realm, which
^Kierroits the revoltuig punishment
^■^f flogging to be inflicted upon
^fSritish soldiers ; and at the samo
^^ time the jury implore every man
in this kingdom to join hand and
heart in forwarding petitions to the

l^erue

^tha
^floi

Legislature, praying in the most
urgent terms for the abolition of
every law, order, and regulation
which permits the disgraceful prac-
tice of flogging to remain one mo-
ment longer a slnr upon the hu-
manity and fair name of the people
of this country,"

It is impossible to describe the
interest taken by the public in this
investigation. T he pul ilic journals
exerteil tlieir utmost powers to set
forth the real horrors, and the dis-
gusting details which were sncc
sively elicited, and addressed their
readers in excited and powerful
language against the brutal and
degrading nature of the punishment
used only in the British army.
Thc^y at the same lime advocated
an extensive amelioration in our
military system and in the condi-
tion of the soldier. These impas-
sioned appeals produced due effect
upon public opinion, alreatly highly
excited, and the general sense of
the necessity for some alteration
ibroke down ministerial and mih-
tary reserve ; and the noble Com-
mander-in-Chief announced in the
House of Lords some consider-
able amelioration, framed with his
cordial concurrence : and it is to be
hoped that in a few years both the
punishment and the necessity for
it will have disappeared from the
British army,

16, The G ubpi>rt D uel, — Lieu-
ten ant Hawkey, the principal in
the fatal duel of Gosport, (the par-
ticulars of which will be found in
our Chronicle for May, 1845,) who
had absented himself on the Con-
tinent, having surrendered to take
his trial, was this day arraigned for
the wilful murder of James Alex-
ander Seton, at Gosport, in May,
1845, by shooting him in a duel.
The evidence was very voluminous;
but is sufficiently indicated by thecir-

no

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

oumstaDces which have long since
transpired. It described the anger
of Mr. Hawkey at the presumed
attempt of Mr. Seton to seduce
Mrs. Hawkej ; the qiimrrd of the
two gentlemen ; the duel in which
Mir. Seton was wounded ; and the
death of the latter gentleman, after
a surgical operation performed on
a tumour originating in the wound.
Mr. Seton addressed the ladj at a
public ball, which exasperated
liieutenant Hawkej ; he resented it
with a marked insult ; and a chal-
lenge from Mr. Seton was the con-
sequence.

In the cross-examination of the
medical witnesses, the prisoner's
counsel renewed the attempt to elicit
an admission that the death of Seton
proceeded or might have proceeded,
from the surgical operation, not
from the wound itsdf. But Mr.
Baron Piatt would not allow of
this : he ruled, as Mr. Justice Erie
had done on the trial of Mr. Pjm,
Lieutenant Hawkey's second, that
such eyidence was inadmissible.
When the examination of the wit-
nesses had closed, Mr. Cockbum
took two objections to the indict-
ment ; the deceased having died
after a surgical operation, the in-
flicter of the original wound could
not be deemed guilty of the man's
death ; and the indictment was in-
correct— it should have stated that
Mr. Seton died of an operation
rendered necessary by a wound, not
of the wound itself. The Judge
overruled both objections.

Mr. Cockbum then addressed
the jury for the prisoner. He en-
larged upon the insult which Seton
had offered to Hawkey by his over-
tures to his wife : something had
passed which he was not at liberty
to mention. Mr. and Mrs. Hawkey
had endeavoured to avoid Seton,
but he would thrust himself into

the lady's society. Moreover, Mrs.
Hawkey had induced her knabaBd
to promise not to rhalkii^ SoImk.
Mr. Coddmm diea adverted ted»

proeeedings at the haD. SelOK
solicited Mrs. Hawkey to dance m
the very presence of her heehaad ;
the prisoner was excited, and aa-
turally used strong language — he
called Seton a blackguard and a
scoundrel — who would net have
done the same ? Mr. SeUm made
no apology ; and when Mr. Hawkej
appealed to the evidence of hia
wife, Mr. Seton declared that it
was false ! True to his jdedge,
Mr. Hawkey did not challenge the
man who had injured him. Mr.
Cockbum enlarged upon the an-
tagonism which exists between the
language of the law and the de-
mands of society with regard to
duelling ; and at the coaeliiaion of
an eloquent address he ealled a
number of military officers, of all
ranks, who gave the highest dMi-
racter to the prisoner, aa a humane
and good tempered young man.

Mr. Baron Piatt suouned up
adversely to the accused on the
law of the case, but favourably
with regard to the evidence. The
Jury immediately returned a ver-
dict of '* Not-guilty ;" upon hear-
ing which, a shout burst frcnn the
crowd of spectators in the court.

Lieutenant Hawkey has since
been restored to his commission.

17. Fires at Liverpool. —
The town of Liverpool has been
exposed to more of those destrae-
tive visitations, of which several
have been before recorded in our
Chronicle. About nine o'clock in
the evening of Thursday the 16th, a
fire broke out in Ogden's iron
foundry, in Sefton Street, near the
Bmnswick dock, and was not sub-
dued until property valued at
40002. was destroyed. At about

JULY]

CHRONICLE.

Ill

n quarter before two o*clo€k tbe fol-
lowiDg morning another more de-
structive fire was tliscovered in tbe
massive pile of buildings known &n
Apothecaries' Hall, which had
tbeen destroyed a few months be-
'lore. This fire burnt with great
fury, aided by the combustible
nature of much of the contents,
iud Bome explosive coin pounds
bavjog ignited, the burning ma-
Iterials were scattered in every
iirection* Several adjoining houses
avight fire, but by great exertion
be conflagration was subdued.
I Tbe damage is estimated at many
I thousand pounds, but as the pre-
Imises were insured to the amount
[of 23,5Q0L it is hoped that the
floss wilJ be recovered. Happily no
09S of life was incurred.
18, Disastrous Accident on
Eastern CousTres Railway,
-A very disastrous collision took
Iplftee at the Stratford station, of the
■«! astern Counties Railway, between
four and five o'clock in the after-
noon. This railway has become
unfortunately notorious for its want
of punctuality and the numerous ac-
cidents that have occurred upon it.
The Stratford station of the
Colchester braneli is very danger-
ously situated, there being a curve
through a ah allow cutting immedi-
ately after pasBing the station from
London ; and at eacli end of tlie
cutting is a bridge ; between the
bridges there is a signal-post by
which engine-drivers are informed
whether there h any obistruction
at the station, for they cannot ob-
eerve the latter till very near it.
, The up- train from Ipswich » due at
1 Stratford at 3-56 P.M. did not ar-
rive at that station until twenty
mioutea after its proper time. —
J Several passengers had alighted,
[others were entering carriages^ and
%he engine-driver was taking in n

iupplj of water, when a train was
observed coming rapidly towards
the station. The station-master
was on the platform, and the noise
of the approaching train attracted
his attention ; he at once saw the
imminent danger in which the pas-
sengers in the stationary train were
placed, and ran towards the engine,
intending to induce the driver to
go on with the train then at the
station ; but before he had time to
explain his object* the collision took
place. The train, which but a
moment previously had consisted of
Beven or eight first and second-class
carriages and two horse-boxes, now
presented but little more than a
mass of broken fragments and rub-
bish. A second-class carriage,
which had been attached to the
train at Romford» and placed in
the roar of the two horae-boxes,
was completely smashed ; the en-
gine having mounted on the ruins,
and the passengers which it had
contained were seen, bleeding and
wounded, lying about the railway
in various directions. Two other
second-class carriages were so
crushed as to be rendered entirely
useJess, Although the horse-boxes
were in the same condition, the
horses were uninjured. The pas-
sengers in the rear-carriages were
all more or less hurt and contused.
Surgical assistance was immedi-
ately obtained from Stratford ; and
in a short time a number of those
who were most hurt were sent in
oronibuses to the London Hospital,
while some who resided in the
neighbourhood were removed to
their residences. A great many
persons were more or less bruised ;
the most serious injuries were these:
— big toe cut off, and foot other-
wise mutilated ; fracture of the
riglit leg ; several ribs broken,
tVnctured Bternum ; bad fracture of

112

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1840

the leg ; foot partly cut- off, jaw
injured ; fractured collar-bone ;
fracture of the bones of the left
leg ; concussion of the brain ; frac-
ture of the thigh, and dislocation
of the small bones of the leg.

An investigation was instantly
made into the cause of the disaster,
which appeared to have arisen from
mismanagement on the part of the
Company's officers, who had re-
moved the experienced signal-man
from a station which was very
badly placed, leaving it in charge
of a boy, and from their having
permitted an engine-fitter to take
charge of the train as engine
driver, in which responsible station
they sometimes employ their me-
chanical engineers, and without
taking proper care that they have re-
ceived the regulations laid down for
their guidance. It appeared that
some of the servants on the line had
never seen the regulations at all.

One of the passengers, Mr.
Hind, a merchant in London, died
of the effects of the injuries he had
sustained. An inquest was held
on the body, and a lengthened in-
vestigation took place : in conclu-
sion the jury returned a verdict
** that the accident had arisen from
the reckless driving of William
Clare*' against whomthey returned
a verdict of manslaughter ; and
they added some strong observa-
tions upon the irregular manage-
ment of the Company. Clare the
engine driver, and Quinlan, the
stoker, were committed for trial.

24. A Troop Ship in a Hur-
ricane.— Accounts have been re-
ceived at the War Office, respecting
the ship Maria Somes, of London,
chartered by Government for the
conveyance of troops. The ac-
count is dated Port Louis, May 8,
and states that the Maria Somes,
transport, Captain King, command-

er, and Lieutenant Boys» •gort,
having on board a porti<m of the
90th Regiment, under the com-
mand of Captain Mann, on their re-
turn from Ceylon to England, was
towed into the above harbour a
complete wreck. It appears that
shortly after leaving Ceylon she
encountered a most terrific hurri-
cane in lat. 15 S., long. 78 E.» <m
the 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th of
March. During the whole of thia
period the sea made most flparfiil
havoc with the vessel, and eon-
tinually swept the decks. Her
topmasts, yards, span, sails, and
boats, were either blown or carried
away, and eventually she was
thrown on her beam-ends. In this
perilous position she continued for
a considerable time, and the crew,
failing in righting her by the usual
means, resolved on cutting away
the mainmast. On that b^g ac-
complished, the rudder was found
to have been torn away. The ship
still suffering severely, and the
surf making a complete breach
over her decks, it was deemed in-
dispensable, for the safety of the
troops and their families, to order
them below and to batten down the
hatches.

For days the storm raged with
apparently unabated fury, and the
awful sufferings of those below
may be easily conceived. The
vessel rolled awfully, and their
cries were heart-rending in the ex-
treme, while the fallen spars every
now and then maimed some of
those on deck> including the mas-
ter, agent, and chief officer. When
the hurricane had somewhat mo-
derated, no time was lost in re-
moving the hatches, when a ser-
geant, seven men, one woman, and
ire children, were found dead on
the lower decks, whether from
suffocation or fright cannot be

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JULY]

CHRONICLE.

113

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stated. The heal is described to
have been most overpowering-, and
it is a Hi alter of consitle ruble sur-
prise that there was not even
a greater sacrifice of life. The
weather con tinned to moderate,
and in a few days the vessel was
towed into Port Louis. The be-
haviour of the iiieu tinder these
trying circum stances wns most ex-
emplary, and the uhiniate safety of
the vessel was owing to their in-
eessant Lib our at the pumps, Tiight
and day, from the coramt^neeioent
of the hurrieaoe to their safe arrival
in liarboui',

25. Christexikc: of the Infa:st
PRINTKSS. — The baptism of the
ioftvnt Princess, the third daughter
of Her Majesty, took place at
Buckingham Palace. The holy
ceremony was attended by most of
the Royal Family, the representa-
tives of the Foreign E*owers con-
nccted by marriage with the Royal
Family, the Cabinet Ministers, the
Officers of the Royal Household,
the Duke of Wellington, the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, the Bishops
of London and Norwich, the Rev.
Mr. Courtenay and the Rev. Mr.
Howarth, and a brilliant train of
ceremnnial officers.

The !»aptism was performed by
the Primate ; the names given to the
royal i n f a n t w ere ' * H el en a A ugus ta
Vietona," The sponaurs were Iler
Royal Highness the Duchess of
Kent, proxy for the Duchess of
OrleanB, His Royal Highness the
Hereditary Grand Puke of Mecklen-
burg Strelitz, Her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Cambridge.

A State Banquet followed, at
which an illustrious train of
Princes, Ambas.sadors, Noblemen,
and Gentlemen were present ; and
the fefltivitics of tlie day were con-
cluded by a brilliant evening party.

28. GfionwooD Races. — This
Vor.. LXXXVni.

aristocratic meeting went off with
great spirit. The racing list was
numerous and excellent. The at-
tendance was less numerous than
on previous occasions ; a circum-
stance attributed to the overpower-
ing heat of the weather.

On Tuesday tliere were eight
races. The Ham Stakes were
won by Mr. Bowes 's Epirote ; the
Sweepstakes of 300 sovereigns
each by Mr, Gully's Weatherbit.

On Wcdnesdiiy there were eight
races. The Goodwowl Stakes of 25
sovereigns each, were won by Mr.
0 *Bri en ' s J ona th an W i 1 d.

On Thursday, the Goodwood
Cup, value 300 sovereigns, was
won by Mr. O'Brien's Grimston.

29 . Another A tte mpt to ass a s-
siSATE Lotus pHiurpE. — The pub-
lic were again shocked by another
attempt to assassinate the King of
the French. According to custom,
the anniversary of the third day of
the Revolution of 1830 was cele-
brated this day, in the public gar-
dens behind the Palace of the
Tuilleries, At balf-jiast seven in
the afternoon, during the perform-
ance of a c^meert, the King and
the Royal Family appeared in a
capaciousj balcony, situated near
the centre of the long range of the
Palace buildings, and imniediately
overlooking the gardens : suddenly
two pistol iihots were fired at the
King, from the mixed crowd pro-
menading beneath ; the concert
was instantly interrupted ; but the
King, with his usual calmness and
presence of mind, directed it to
proceed, and continued to walk in
the balcony, as if to satisfy the
agitated and indignant jjeople that
he had sustained no in jury-
Mean while the assassin — forhoth
shots had been fired by one indivi-
dual— wag promptly Hcizod by those
abi»ut him. His anns (a pistol)
1

J

114

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

were found upon him ; and being
interrogated by his captors, he
made it no secret that his purpose
had been to murder the King,
before his people and in the midst
of his family. He said that he had
long meditated the assassination,
and had intended to execute it on
the 1st of July, when on duty as a
National Guard at the Tuiileries ;
but had not found an opportunity.
Questioned as to his motiyes, he
disclaimed all personal or political
hostility to the King ; but described
himself as overwhelmed by a debt
of 15,000 francs, which must con-
sign him to prison at the end of the
month. He proved to be one
Joseph Henri ; ho is a small slight
man, fifty-one years of age ; by
trade an ironmonger. He was de-
cently dressed, and had on his per-
son upwards of five pounds in gold.
A Cabinet Council was held at ten
the same night ; after which the
King returned to Neuilly.

30. Prince Albert's Visit to
Liverpool. — His Royal Highness
Prince Albert performed his long
promised visit to Liverpool, for
the purpose of laying the first
stone of the Sailor's Home. His
Royal Highness arrived at the
"Judges* lodgings'* on Thursday,
and was received in state by the
Mayor and Corporation, and the
members for the borough. The
Prince then embarked on board
the Fairy, which had been sent
round from Portsmouth, and viewed
the splendid harbour and estuary
of the Mersey; after which he
opened the New Dock (to be
called the ** Albert Dock**) with
great ceremony. On the follow-
ing day His Royal Highness, es-
corted by a prodigious assemblage
of the trades, proceeded to the
great object of his visit the laying
the first stone of the new institu-

tion, the Sailor's Home ; and in
the evening left Liverpool for Lon-
don by a special train.

AUGUST.

1. Great Hail Storm. — A
storm of hail, rain, thunder, and
lightning, of almost unprecedented
violence, broke over the metropolis
about two o'clock in the afternoon.
The weather had been extremely
sultry, and symptoms of an ap-
proaching discharge had been ma-
nifested throughout the morning.
At two o'clock peals of thunder
were heard, and about twenty mi-
nutes after three the great storm
burst over London with violence.
The thunder was now loud and
sudden, and the flashes of light-
ning were very vivid. The rain
came down with such violence that
it seemed in every part like a little
mountain torrent falling from a vast
height — ^more broken than a larger
waterfall, but not in drops like rain
— pouring with a continuous and
heavy weight. The wind rose,
veering rapidly from south to north,
and changing often, and the gusts
drove along the rain like a fog.
The streets were suddenly con-
verted into brawling streams. A
little after four o'clock there fell a
vast quantity of hail of great size.
Then there was a lull, followed by
a renewal of the storm, with more
lightning, rain, and hail, but less
violent. The thunder and light-
ning, however, were incessant ; the
thunder kept up a perpetual rum-
ble, and the lightning, for the
most part faint and vague, seemed
to possess the whole atmosphere.
The storm was at its greatest
height after four o'clock : it lasted
three hours and ten minutes, ter-
minating at half-past six o'clock.

AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

115

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The effects of the storm were
most ilisastrous. The hail — large
lumps of ice falling in a complete
torrent — shattered to pieces an im-
mense quantity of glass ; and the
amount of water was so great that
all low -lying parts were flooded.
Even where the drainage was good,
the sewers were not eapahle in
every case of carrjing otf the wa-
ter which acewnnilated so rapidly.
The roadiJ in many plaecSi where
there was any depression, were eon-
verted for a time into large lakes ;
cellars, undergroimtl kitchens, and
in many eases the has em en ts of
huildings, were plaeei! under wa-
ter; while, wherever skyliii^hts were
hroken by the hail, a stream f>f
water flowed into the tops of the
houses.

At Buckingham Palace the mis-
chief was considerable. The glass
in the roof of the picture gallery
having been totally destroyed hy
the hail, the apartment was flood-
ed, but the pictures were not in-
jured. Many other rooms were
similarly injured [ and so much
glass was broken, that the damage
is estimated as high as 2,nOU?.
Though the floors of many of tlie
apartments resembled rivers, it
does not appear that much injury
has been done to the furniture and
decorations.

Glass was shivered in every di-
rection. At the Houses of Parlia-
ment and Westminster llall 7,000
panes; Police oflice, Scotland Ynrd
300; Cubitts* factory, Millbank,
and Broad woods' pianoforte manu-
factory, Ilorseferry Road, many
thousands ; St. James's Theatre
800 squares ; Burford's Panorama
lOjOOO; at the Italian Opera house
a great nmnber. The skylights in
the (Juadrant, Burlington Arcade,
and other snch places, were more
or Jesa shattered* whilo the win-

dows of private houses at the
West End shared the same fate.

Much injury was done in the
western suburbs ; the market gar-
dens, of course, suffering severely.

On the river tlie Citizen steamer
B was struck by the lightning, off
the Red House at Battersea, but
no one was hurt.

At Clcrkenwell the flood was
very great, the drains being quite
inadequate to carry off the rnin ;
some houses were even washed
down.

On the Surrey side of the river
the storm was very violent, more
so, apparently, than elsewhere.
The Surrey Theatre was so flood-
ed, by the streams of water which
flowed througli the broken sky-
lights, that the performances for
the evening could not take place.
Astley's was in almost as bad a
predicament. Churches, chapels,
manufiictories, and pKvate dwell-
ings, wore all severely damaged,
where the windows were in an ex-
posed state ; thus, in Walworth
Head, on the west side, there are
rows of houses, hardly one of
which has escaped without win-
dows hroken ; while, at Kenning-
ton, Brixton, Clapham, and Vaux-
hall, the destruction was still
greater. For upwards of a mile
ami a half down the Wandsworth
l\oad nearly every square of glass,
in the south fronts of the houses,
was dem^disbed. The nurserymen
in this district were great sulFerers.

The lightning does not appear
to have done much harm. Several
persous were stunned for a time,
but no one was killed.

At Bromley, Greenwich, and
that vicinity, the houses and the
market gardeners sufl'ered greatly.

At Windsor and the neighbour-
liood the hail storm did much da-
mage. At Ditton Park, the ro-

I 2

116

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

sidence of tho Duke of Buccleuch,
2,000 panes were broken.

There was another storm on
Sunday morning, but it was of
a comparatively mild character.
Again, at an early hour on Wed-
nesday morning, another tempest
of lightning and rain burst over
London, and it lasted for many
hours.

This great storm was felt, ge-
nerally, all over the kingdom,
but it was not coincident in point
of time in the different districts.
At Leicester the lightning struck
the beautiful spire of St. George's
Church, and severed it within
twenty feet of the battlements,
going through the roof into the
gallery, and materially injuring
both the clock and organ. Close
to the church a small public-house
was struck by the same flash.

Near Nottingham a straw stack
was burnt, and three horses were
killed. All the country people ap-
pear to have been much terrified,
and many of them state that they
passed the greater part of the night
on their knees, being apprehensive
that the day of judgment, with
all its promised horrors, was really
commencing.

In Liverpool there were tliree
distinct storms; on Saturday, Sun-
day, and Monday. A great many
persons, several of them policemen,
were struck down by the lightning.

In Cardiganshire the river Tivy
burst its banks, and swept away
twenty -five houses at Talsarn ;
four bridges were swept away ;
and Dr. Rogers, a county magis-
trate, and his servant, both on
horseback, were carried away, and
both men and horses drowned.

The hail-stones were of enor-
mous size. A geiitleiiiAn at Cam-
berwell gathered 947 hail-stones ;
the smallest weighed more than nine

grains, and the largest 84 grains.
Of the 947 there were sixty-one
of the largest size. Five of them
hastily selected, as far as the eye
could judge nearly the same size,
weighed 405 grains, which gives
81 grains as the average weight
of each. Five others, apparently
the smallest of the number, weigh-
ed 394 grains, which averages
78 grains each. One of the first
five measured 9-lOths of an inch
in length, 6-1 0th s of an inch in
breadth, and was about 5-lOths of
an inch in thickness. It had, like
most of the others, the shape of a
flattened pigeon's egg, A dozen
had a shape approaching a flattened
sphere, nail-stones of still greater
size were picked up in other places.

8. Life Assurance. — A case of
some interest to life assurers, and
remarkable for having been twice
before tried, was tried for the third
time at the Warwick Assizes — the
assignees of Scott being plaintifis,
the Imperial Life Assurance Com-
pany defendants — the amount of
the policy sought to be recovered
2,000^

At the two former trials — the
one presided oeer by Lord Den-
man, and the other by Lord Chief
Justice Tindal — verdicts went for
the plaintiffs, but were set aside
on the ground of misdirection. It
appears that, in 1840, Scott ap-
plied to the Norwich Union Life
Oflice, at Birmingham, with a view
to insure his life ; and he under-
went a rigid examination by Dr.
Ingleby, the medical referee of the
office, who passed him. It so hap-
pened, however, that one of the
clerks in the office where Scott
banked was agent for the Impe-
rial Life Office, and he persuaded
Scott to insure in that instead of
the Norwich Office. This Scott
did ; having undergone another ex-

AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

117

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ammation by fttiotber tuedical man
for that purpose. The p*>licv was
granted by the Imperial Life Office
fur 2,0001. ; St'utt paying to the
ag^eut of the Cnioii n sum of Bl.
or BL as a uompensutioti for the
trouble ho had been at. Tlii? date
of the policy was May, 1 840. The
premiumB vvero regtdar!y piiid by
Mr, ^5ct>tt tip to 1842, when he
becanic bankrupt ; and the poliuj
was then gold fur 138^ at a public
auction for the benefit of the estate.
Mr. Scott ilied in the December of
1843; and the paytnetit was re-
fueed, on the alleiifatioii that Scott
had answered untruly when, In re-
ply to the iptei^tion whether ** he
had or had had .h pit ting of blood ,
asthma, euugh, or tether atfection
of the lungs/* he answered, ** No. '*

At the present trial a number
of gentlemen, who had associated
witb the deceased inueh in bn ni-
ne ss mntters, and the man-servant
who had slept with him for weeks,
aworc timt they had never seen
the deceased spit blood. It was
further contended, that the fact of
the company's own medical agent
having passed Scott was iu itself
additional proof that no disease ex*
ialod at the time tlie insurance was
efteeted. All the witnesses for the
plaintiff admitted that 8cott was a
very strong man — one of them de-
scribed him to be *' a strongs, wiry
man.'* The witnesses for the de-
fence were members of Scott's own
family. His widow swore that he
Bpat blood long before his death ;
and Home others as.'^erted that he
was afllietcd witli tbe iliHeat^e so
long back as 1838. The Jury,
for the third time, returned a ver-
dict fiir the plain titfs ibr 2,000;.

Another action, of much im-
portance to Life AsBurnnee Vom-
panieg, lias lately been decided
by the Judges in the Exchequer

Chamber, on a bill of exceptions
in an action brought by t!ie repre-
sentatives of Schwabe against the
ArguH Life Assurance Company,
The Judges have determined that
a party agsured. holding his policy
in his own hands, who may commit
suicide, foifeits his policy, iind that
the office is not bound to pay the
amount. This deciaiou settles th'e
law on a point upon which doubts
hail heretofore esiiited. The Argus
Company, who, liefore trial, had
offered to return nil premiums paid
with interest, on the opinion of the
Judges in their favour being de-
clared, immediately renewed their
offer ; and have now repaid to
Sehwabc*s representatives the
whole of the premiums received,
with interest at four per cent.,
amounting to 061V. Ss. 7d. The
company have, at the same time,
resolved in future to return to the
representatives of any party as-
sured in their office who may com-
mit suicide the gross amount of
premiums paid on the assurance.

8. BRsTttriTivE Flood.— Bris-
ToL, — For several months pnst,
works of the most extensive cha-
racter, the estimated cost of whieb
is 50,000?. or 00,000/.. bavo been
in progress at the Bristol Docks,
for the ptiqiosc of making new
locks capable of admitting shipping
of the largest size, such as the
Gr^af B ri fa m , it c . Th e con s t ru c*
tion of these works rendered it ne-
cessary that the river Avon should
be piled, a rvry large coffer-dam
constructed and sunk, and the
ground before about .sixteen houses
so far cut awi»y as to render it ne-
ccssary to pro]» them up until the
w^orks were finisheil. About nine
oV'loek in the evening the tide,
which was one of the highest
springs, in consequence of the pre-
vailing westerly wind, rose to a very

4

I

118

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1M6

great height, orerflowiog the walU
of CumherUnd hasin, and heiog met
hy the fresh down the Frame,
which, in consequence of a tre-
mendous thunder-storm of the pre-
Tions daj, had swollen the rirers
Frame and Avon Tcrj considerahlj,
■nddenlj broke into the new works,
carrjing destruction eTerrwhere
before it. Fortunately only one
man was in the works at the time,
who perceiving a crack in the wall
went to stop it with some cement,
when he saw the timbers in the
works which were used as shores
■oddenly cracking ; he at once fled,
but before he could get out of the
works, the mingled tide and fresh
from the rirers rushed in with the
utmost fury, and it was with the
greatest difficulty that he escaped.
The huge timbers of which the
works themselTes were composed
were snapped in pieces and 5wepc
away, as if they had consisted of a
mere collection of reeds. Tfaexre&t-
CSC coQStematioa prevailed amon:r
the iuhabitants oi the houi^s on the
banks^ which were inond^ited by tbe
sudden ni;«h of wacors. but no lil^
was loi^^ The houses above re-
i^rred to were seriously injured.
The damajce wili exceed Jj.'*.'*.U.

— WiwTiixsrsR BiiUJ^JB. — The
alanuLn:; cuitditioa Qt this ^cniccure
( wbich ba5 beea ^ ojd:^cuic jouree
of evpetise e^vr ^mce ic was- built ,
owut^ to :wo 4: tvasc Jt ^e ?ior^
bA>tit;C ^vrv cvtt^jiderabiy iubbtded*
a OvxuuiissMoti wa;^ a;rpumced :o :d>
oitirv ttico tac e^tl liid ic» remedy.
Tthf Cv^umtid^EHouer^ !ia^e preiwnced
ihir »ubK/itK'd Kofn/rt.

I CW 'Jic -iiajon*^^ A tbe wic-
tMvkM,'*. >«ho '^«i^e xxMi c.vutiiued m
^•^ ^H« sVMcur ti :ac sc<iCcuiv>fU,
ibAft «^ ti(Ouud»ct\ru<^ vK W^;«xmiii9£cr

2. That the ezpeue of
pleting the alterations mo '
now in progress or in contempla-
tion, accor^ng to contncU and
designs under the supcriniewilence
of the Bridge Commismoneri, will
be Terr considerable, am<Nmting at
the least to 70,(XN>/.

3. That this expen£tare wiQ
still leave the bridge in a state re-
quiring constant attention in re-
spect to repairs^ and without any
certainty of permanent aeciuiti ;
while it win l&ewise leave die wa-
ter-way fsr less adequate to die re-
quirement of the navigation, paiti-
colariy when the contraetion of tbe
stream by the embankment in frvnt
of the new palace is considered,
than would be the case aider a
new bridge.

4. That, irrespective of die ap-
proaches, the expense of a new
stone bridge near the site of the
present br^i^, and retaining the
present brid:ce for temporary use,
would not exceed 3*>J>XV., ae-
eording to the highest of the esti-
mates f^ir that •>bjeet which have
been furnished to the Committee
either in. LS44 or in the pcesent
year.

5. That the briJ^ estates
would pnjbabiy furnish ^ cienr sur-
plus^ «jt ac Iea<^ l'VyA*'}i, in aid of
the 5inds 5jr the ereccioa of a new
brid;£e.

0. That Fariiamieac having by
^fireec x^^iaci Tr*mi die Exckeqner
the remainintr e2pea«iicure having
been pniVTih>d by money raued in
hfCteries^ 'imier JL^rtt-jC ParfianKnt*
nuTurrued 4 ioTse pnrt of tke ex-
peus«; jc Tfreecimc ^ri^innlly the
TiPif^Mic bru&£e, .soii imvinx con-

sul cuclm me
wiiicii *iie ^aid jro^M was erected
4iid *ia» Tifiee Veo jaminfisneffwd.
Mnx "w'lijr yy ^v. :i' '41 w 5Hh
ii -*«Mr^ IL, <. i^. iscinRii that

tlie said bridge shall be extm-paro-
chiaK and by sec. 21, that it sbnll
not be a countj bridge, uiairjtaiii-
able as such bridges are by county
rates, has rbcoij^nised and sanc-
tioned the principle tbat Ibis bridge,
wbicb is tbus bv law excluded from
other support, sball be maintained,
and when needful repaired, re-
stored, anti rebuilt, at the expense
of the State.

7. That, in these circumstances,
a sufficient case has been made out
to juatifj tltis Committee in recom-
mending to the House tbat the
present bridge be pulled down, and
that a new bridge be eonstrnrted ;
and that a Bill be brunght int^i
ParliameDt next Session to transfer
to the Commissioners of Her Ma-
jesty*8 Woods, A:c», the estates
and property of the Bridge Cora-
misSioners, dueeoosideration being
bad to the claims of the officers of
the bridge estates, if their services
should be discontinued.

13. State of Ireland, — The
miserable condition of the Irish
population in consequence of the
partial failure of the potato crop
of 1 845, and the di^turhanees eon-
sequent thereon, bad called forth
the most active sympathy ; autl
the prospects of the approaching
harvests were looked to with the
^reat^st anxiety. Unhappily, the
appearance of paragraphs in the
daily journals foieskadowed but
too truly the approaching suffering.
A welbinformed journal says —

** The reports of the potato crop
that reach I>iiblin from all parts of
the country are of the very worst
kind. The disease seems to have
attacked the growing plant in all
quarters, and it makes rapid pro-
gress in the work of decay, placing
the final destruction of the crop
beyond <|uestion. Such is the gv-
Deral prospect. The alarnj is imi-

versal. Meetings have been held
in many places to devise means of
relieving or emjdoying the people,
and to petition for a continuance of
Goveniment aid. In some parts
the cottiers have held meetings,
a nd talk ed of offering to gi ve up their
rotting potato grounds in lieu of
paying rent. All Ireland may he
siiid to be again hi a state of panic
at the approach of absolute desti-
tution.'' It appear.^ that the sums
spent in endeavouring to palliate
the evil since November, 1845,
amount to 852, 4SH,, of which the
amount ad vn need under the 9th
Viet, c, 2, is 586,000/.

14. EARTnQ0AKE8 AT LEGHORN,

— A severe earthquake was expe-
rienced at Leghorn and the cir-
cumadjacent districts about mid-
day. A va^t number of buildings
were damaged, several villages to-
tally destroyed, the ground rent in
many places, torrents of mud thrown
up, and many other phenomena oc-
curred. Thirty -eight persons were
reported to he killed, and 140
wounded. On the 27tb another
sliock was felt, which also did con-
siderable damage. The former
shock was felt very severely at
Pisa ; tlie vibrations of the cele-
brated leaning tower are described
as being aw^ul, but the structure
remained uninjured.

15. ISAL'GCmATION OF THE ScOTT

Muniment. — The inauguration of
the monument to Sir Walter Scott
at Edinburgh took place this day,
the anniversary of the great writer*9
birth. The un propitious weather
]> re vented much of the intended
ceremony.

The statue, the uncovering of
which constituted the diw tine five
act of inauguration, is the work of
Mr, Steele, a native artist, and
represents Sir Walter in a sitting
posture, with his dog Maid a at his

I

4

120

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

tf^r. i lorii .t Liaii.iii narnii*.

in •in- -i.iiirij -tiUf. r.-'ijriod rmni
rhirtv -ti -liirrv-Mirot* -«.iia. F»nir
iiir'hi's mm»^ili:iri-ir iVi^r -ht* irin-
r»ir»*il inrfi irr» iileii ly iiriirf^j* 'it

\\f.i». 'tif i*Artr \lin.-rrf*i. imi rlie
r.^iv if 'he Liikr'. ul !)y Eiiiii-
hiir^ii .ir*i^rf*. T!u* *ost it" rlie
iiuiniimimr. •mu^ 't(ii*n r'roiii I."I. 'UU/.

to ;•!. ■•<'"/.

Tlii* I lay <«()Mciii<ii>fi xiih i ■Uniit* r.
At r.hi» Mu.iii! Hail, tii i "••ry ;ar.ro
pai-ty.

liy .Ui'itwF.ii AT mp: 'jirLimALL
CttvveW. IfHiMj:. — r.iiin Smith.

in «»xi'»'^«*«iv.» nii'nT.ii Jiuf'iny. was
pia«^4>il at rh<^ hnr of rlu' MansiDii
flnnnti, ohsir^M with tln^ miinler lit*
SuHATi TolHiUy. Till* jinsi>n«*r was
cook anil th«^ «loiri'a.s»Ml kirchen-
maul at thft woll- known Guiliihall
(Jotfpo. Ffoinfr. William (.ar : — [
am " W»tH" at. tho. Oiiil«lhall Cotfee
}\(}M^o. Thf prisoner wa.'i i:<M>km
fho -^.irnc -iprvir-i', an*! thi* iliM-ra-i-fl.
whom wr frrtlU'4 Susan, wa- arlin--
n^ kit^hon-niai^. About half- pa.- 1
tw<'\vi' riVlofk this <lay. I wa-» ^-h'an-
in;r fin*' rif th«' winilownof the? toldini:
<|oor4 of tlir* front ♦■ntranr-^; of tlw
Coth'o Ifoim** in (in'Mljuni Stn-t-t,
wh«'n I ?«aw the kitrh«<n-niaiil romc
ftrroiifninir fniin the kit<'h«'n up to
tho loTFHT of till' Htulr^, with thtr
hldoij riififiin!; frnin her thmat. I
run towtU'iU h«M . ami she fril Ix'fiiri'
t (Tilt (li hri She hii«l a kiiift' in hrr
liMii«l. Shr <ai«l n«>tliiui;. and <li«Ml
nlriMxt iiKliititlv. I hinl not Ixmmi
in tlip K>(i'hi*n fill- an hour hrforr.
At iliot liiiiit thr piis«iM«M* was iu
(lip kitrhoii «li4w<:r(l ill a ImoWII
jacktH »»*•«! i»pi«*ii (liM ('ot»k'H(|rrH.*4).
Hiid iIm* (hM*rti4tMl, anil two ntluT
|HiWi*ii4. MiiMM-Ix, (lu*4riiMtM\ maid,
Htul '^hlilo L'.iil ^li«* a4:«iHli-it ill tlio
t^UflM'ii litiiurdhtlt'iv iipun (lio
4v«^*«kH%*U lulhii;;. I yikvn\ iiitu the

.vitchen, leavinir ber apon xhe
;p-nunil, .mil there I -iaw the pri-
-«>in*r .lione. Eo w^ked friim the
tahie upon which L tibseryetl th«
ctMik- -Iri'ds, and also a knife
i.Miverod with hio«Ml, to meet me,
<md [ -ail I. •• Dear me what is the
matter '." [It? -aid come. •* I haTe
•lono it, ami I wish jou to give me
in •.•har:r«'."* He luuked very pale
and :rhaitly. I heanl that' there
waa •(uarreilinir between them last
night. [ have heard them quarrel-
linif t4»jx<*ther. Sometimes thev
wen? i»n -^oud terms toirether, and
^omeiimes the n^rerse. The pri-
*om»r is a married man, and [ am
not aware ni any intim;iov between
the pri burner and the deceased.
Whi'n [ ?aw her enminir along, I
oallod •)ut as louii as l could for
Mr. Walters, our master, and some
of the ^»rvants came down. Be-
fore the pris^'cer came up to where
the di 'Ceased was lyinir. he said,
*• I was drove to do it." A police-
man oame in immediately after-
ward«, and thr' prisoner gave him-
self into custody in the passage, near
the spot nn which the deceased was
lying. The pnst>ner said to the po-
liceman. '• I have done it — I have
done it !" and he was then taken
into custody. The dtveased was
not tnIlohi^d till the doctor came.

The Lord Mayor. — Prisoner, do
you wish to ask the witness anv
<}uesti«ms ?

The prisoner heaved a deep sigh,
and said, ''No."

Inspector Woodrutfe, and other
otticers of the city police, deposed to
takini; the prisoner into custixlv.
and to his acknowledging the com-
mission of the act.

Mr. Coulsnn, the sur^reon, de-
|H>scd to the nature of the wounds
rccoivcil by the deceased : viz. a
lapije and deep gash across the
thriial. bcgiuuiiJ:: fi*om the extreme

lUG.]

CHRONICLE.

121

right and extending ftcro^s the

•neck ; the carotid artery atjd jugu-
lar vein were divideil, which would
htivy caused almost inistantaueou??
death. It was Kto deep a gash to
have hecn inilieted bj tlje de-
ceased heraeh\ The otlier wound
was humediately under this, and
was slight, and had not divided any
in^portant vessel.

Other aervantH of tlie estahhsh-
ment deposed to trifling eirenm-

I stances which occwrred a few
ininutes hefore t!ie munler, Tlie
ordy person present in the kiteheii
at the time was a htile girl named
Fanny Wettenhah twelve years uf
Age, who deposfd ; — I came to the
Cotfee Uouse to-tlay to help de-
ceased. I was in thekitehen about
five minutes l>efore, and anw de-
ceased with her throat cut. 8he was
Ijeutting beans. The prisoner was
itniising ducks. They were quar-
i^Uiug at the time. There waa no
<»ne else in the kitchen but myself.
They were qnarrelling about half
an hour before this happened about
a Mrs. Riley, who had been here
some time before. The prisoner
said to Mrs. llilej that she ha^l not

tpaid him the amount of some
things she had bought from him,
and that he w^ould take them away.
She said she had paid for tlie
things. Deceased told the eook
he was not acting like a man in
talking to the puor woman in that
manner, and fie would fiml it out,
perhaps, before many months were
over his head. Ife said, ** She

I would, perhaps, before many days
were over her head/' Witness
Went for some lard hv prisoner's
din^ctions, and tlie perj^on at the
bar tohl witness totel! him to come
for it himseir Prisoner then told
witness to go out for some milk
and eggs. II ml been gone a few
minutes, and on her return saw

deceased running from the kitchen ,
bleeding very much from the
throat, and she fell at the foot of
the stairs. Deceased was sitting
dow^n v^hen cutting the beans, and
prisoner was standing at the table,
about a yard and a half from lier.

The prisoner was committed,
and tried at the Central Crimi-
iml Court, on tlie 22nd inst. He
was found guilty and sentenced to
death, the learned Judge hulding
out no hope of pardon. Mueh in-
terest, however, was made, and
tlie jury having recommended him
to mercy on account of his good
ehnracter and the provocation he
had received, he wa.H uUimatelj
respited during Her Majesty's plea-
sm-e.

18. Her Majesty's Visit to
THE Channel Islandj*. — Her Ma-
jesty, the Prince and their family
have made a marine excursion this
summer to some interesting paHs
of her own dominions. Kmhark-
ing in the Royal Yacht, and ac-
companied by the Fuirij and Black
Eaght the royal party firnt turned
their course westward, and en-
countered very severe weather,
which drove the squadron into
Portland Roads, where it was
deemed prudent to weather out the
gale of the following day. iSn
Thursday, they proceeded towards
Devonport, the royal j^arty trans-
ferring tlieniselvcs to the tender,
and thus cjjamining the beaut if nl
estuaries that everywhere indent
that coast. During their stay at
Devon port, tliey steamed up the
beautiful Tamar and visited Cu tele,
the ancient mansion of the Mount
Edgecumbea, and up the Plym
to the Earl of Morley's seat at
Sal tram.

On Sunday morning the squad-
ron put to sea, and steered for
the Channel Islands, maklu^

122

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

Guernsey about six o'clock in the
afternoon. The appearance of the
royal standard put the whole island
into flutter ; addresses were pre-
pared, garlands and festoons woven,
and a hundred young ladies pre-
pared to strew flowers in her
path. The Queen landed on the
following morning, and took a
cursory survey of the island, and
embarking in the afternoon steered
for Jersey. The royal party ar-
rived in St. Holier s Roads on
Wednesday afternoon, but did not
land until the following morning.
The enthusiasm of this ancient
possession of the Dukes of Nor-
mandy at thus receiving the re-
!»resentative of that ancient line
the first who has set foot upon the
island since King John) may be
conceived ; the cheering of the
people, waving of flags, strewing
of flowers, and the salute of the
guns gave ample testimony of the
loyalty of the inhabitants. The
Queen and the Prince having
landed, were conducted to the
Government House in grand pro-
cession ; from thence they visited
the castle of Mont OrgueU, which
ancient fortress underwent a
thorough inspection. After a ra-
pid view of the beauties of the
little island, the royal . party re-
embarked, and on Friday after-
noon the squadron reached Fal-
mouth ; and on Saturday morning
sailed to the Land's End, and re-
turned to Mount's Bay, where the
Queen landed, and went over the
ancient castle of St. Michael's
Mount ; the Prince having in the in-
terim landed at Penzance to inspect
the smelting works and the Geo-
logical Museum. It is needless to
say that His Royal Highness, being
the President of the Council of the
Duchy, was received with every
honour. Having returned to Fal-

mouth, the Prince visited the prin-
cipal mines in the neighbourhood,
and the Queen went up the Fal in
the Fairy, Monday night was spent
in the little harbour of Fowey. In
the morning the royal party visited
the historical castle of Restormel,
the property of the young Prince
of Wales, as Duke of Cornwall ;
and proper precautions having been
taken the Queen and Prince de-
scended into a mine, and were
drawn 200 fathoms into the interior
by eight miners. Having returned
to Lostwithiel, the royal squadron
put to sea, and the party landed at
Osborne House on Wednesday
morning. The young Prince ac-
companied his parents throughout
their excursions in this interesting
appanage of the heir apparent.

25. Trial of Henri. — The trial
of Joseph Henri, for firing at Louis
Philippe, on the 29th July, took
place before the Chamber of Peers.
The proceedings excited little in-
terest out of doors.

The prisoner was respectably
dressed, in a black coat, black
satin waistcoat, and black stock.
He is described as a downcast,
mean -looking man. His manner
was altogether pusillanimous. Dur-
ing the trial he indulged largely
in snuff. The proceedings began
with an examination of the prisoner
himself. In the course of it, he
made the following statements. —
When asked why he had fired at
the King, he said that he had been
urged to it by great misfortunes
which had fallen on him : for six
years he had struggled against
ideas of suicide, and not being able
to make up his mind to kill himself,
he sought to do something which
would cause him to be put to death.
He once thought of firing at a
Marshal ; but preferred the King,
as in that case there could be no

AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

123

I

" exteniiatiDg circumstances/* He
hfid chosen the day of public re-
joicings in order to appear more
criminnl. He bad no ill-will against
the King. IJe bad for yeara
tliouglvt of suicide without ever
being oMc to resolve on it, and so
ho determined to get himself put
to death : he was the more in-
clined to this course thinking that
he Bhould make his death useful to
huinanity, by giving a severe blow
to the law which punished with
death. He did not fire at the
King when on guard at the Tiiil-
Icries, from unwillingneBs to dis-
grace his company in the Nati<mal
Guard. On being askevl the mean-
ing of the words found iji his hand-
writing amongst bis papers, ** I
must therefore seek out .-some high
personage and kill him/" the pri-
soner appeared troubled j and en-
tered into a long explanation, de-
claring that be wrote this without
paying any attention to bis eipres-
aions, as he nevc^ intended to kill
any one. On being asked how he
explained the inconsistency in the
declaration found amongst liis writ-
ings, that ** he should be put to
dcJith. but should still regret life/*
with his present allegation that be
desired to die, he replied » that
when be wrote that he had nut
become altogether disguytod with
life. His assertion that he did not
intend to kill any one bad not been
made to save bis life, but because
it was the truth — because be never
had any intention to be criminal.
He threw doubts even on the point
of the pistols having been loaded
with any thing but powder ; for
though he atfirme^l that they were
loaded with bits of metal, lie added,
that if be wished he could easily
make a statement which would save
his life, but that be feared death
less than any secondary punishment .

Several witnesses were ex-
amined* Jean Joseph Lcgroa
stated, that on arresting the
prisoner he said, '* It is not I/*
Louis Lecomte was standing by
when tlio arrest took place, and
heard him utter the same words.
The prisoner seemed piqued at this
reHection on his courage, and de-
clared to the Court that be had
made a denial of the kind. Other
witnesses, however, spoke to the
same fact, and described his de-
meanour as the reverse of heroic.
The pistols were pronounced by
C' up tain Minie to be of the very
woryt description ; one always bore
to the left, and the other to all
sides. The morose, fanciful, and
desponding disposition of the pri-
soner, were deposed to by other
witnesses.

In the course of the examina-
tion of witnesses, the prisoner made
a statement. The person who bad
caused all liia misfortunes was
Caroline Bacqnet ; a woniou of
some substance, who lodged in the
same house that Henri lodged in.
She promised to lend him 25,U0U
francs ; he signed a bill for a
simibirsum ; but payment was de-
manded when he could not meet
it. It was Caroline Bacf|Uet who
was bi.s real accomplice ; she drove
him to despair.

On Wednesday, after an address
by the Procurcur du Roi, M,
Barocb, who was requested by the
Court to conduct the defence, con-
tended that the prisoner's attempt
could not be regarded as a serious
one ; it was an act of folly, prompted
by desperation, combined with a
desire to be spoken of, and to get
rid of the burden of existence. M.
Baroch endeavoured to show that
the pistols w*ere not even loaded ;
otherwise the bullets must have
be en fo u n d . T b e cri m e of re^\t\Aft

A

Ii4

ANMAL REGISTER.

[1846

hue iii Wit <ity«pi*iidt4i Tt»*n ii»« . luid

Miinmit*3» nTirniin tC tiit nuu.
iW( «*t«^ rHlit*L uiHii. 11 • iuiiirt..
Bt iifmiuiiut«4^ tir xtw' iutT*(mtib
nuu.. Tiuc )h iikiiuiil in r^wit^
v'nl ruin i«n nil

Tin iriMiiiiii? vtt!. Unu itskiH. i:
^ iuii. uiAniiiii£ iir-uisT ii ««;^ u

1m» liiThUiPt ' -II '^.«l%*\ Ik UUiiiT
la niriilni>i«ir <uni*nhar. uInui uu
Ikrt^ti: luair^ tr iiu h;* uui lit
Iwi. p«iUkiiimfH« tt> r ^-«iuu imu^

Ailuur. Ml utttV^lliU U 4ir»iU llUUSsUx
AttOih" «i1«ft 112 l«i*« -suu Xltoi tlti
^oups luu iv^a ' muijut^ ' ii-

tkttk 1j TSfc^^i Uw r^Orc*t:Mt.-*:^ tV II >

^iiM^tfr n .•idut.'uanu^ luu. .^1
kt tvKbalk;^ lUI i «<<vUm m>\.««-^".
Vllte It: iMU )ii V M*t^ Uv «%&<Uk

•lit <-.^**»ii*.. "V *.^*» •««%.■* >

HfOit: A i> ■ ". --^ -.^••^. w.-. • - ^
dt^i* ti^^iS*. . J*.:-- -•■it* •»-..- ..;*

'JS«i Mifw » *!."•..•. ^■' A.-.'fci,- i
\.£a^ >. *»*p> •• ■~^.' ■■<** Ji,"?*.*>.« 'k IL
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>«•■•< !&!«. '2iH sir« um^ ib4 rr ait

v« > iM^i«»«. ah4 'Sft

AUG.]

CHRONICLE-

IS3

one of tbem sick and Tomiting.
When he reached the hoase, he
found Mrs. Grattan, the four chil-
dren and a servant-maid, exhibiting
all the symptoms of poisoning bj
arsenic. The Doctor, having by
accidental absence escaped par-
taking of the poisoned food, was
able to give instant assistance to
the unfortunate sufferers, and had
used the ordinary antidotes and re-
medies hours before medical assist •
ance could possibly have reached
them from any other quarter ; but in
spite of every care, his eldest son
died within twenty-one hours, and
the others of the family were dan-
gerously affected. An inquest has
been held on the son, a youth of
fifteen, and a verdict returned im-
plicating the cook, who was com-
mitted to gaol.

21. Bank Robbery at Berwick.
— An extraordinary robbery took
place at the Berwick branch of
the North of England Joint Stock
Bank. The bank was closed on
Thursday at the usual hour ; the
doors were locked, and the cus-
tomary precautions for security
taken. The safe-door is secured
by a bolt, which communicates
with the sitting-room above, and
extends up into the bed-room on
the third story ; and when that
bolt is properly shot, the safe
cannot be opened without caus-
ing an alarm. On Friday morn-
ing it was discovered that thieves
had opened the safe. IIow they
managed to enter the house and to
open the safe, without causing an
alarm, was a mystery. No locks
were broken. It was supposed
that the bolt of the safe had not
been properly secured. The cash-
box was found lying open in the
back yard ; it had not been emptied
of all its contents, upwards of 200^.
in gold and all the bills and let-

ters of credit were in it : it was
surmised that the robbers had
been ^sturbed while ranmagiBg
it. The moneT taken eonsisted of
l.OOOf. in Bank of England notes,
1,443^ m Scotch notes, 361/. lOs.
in gold, and 151. in sihrer. Mr.
Thompson, the agent of the bank.
was ^om home ; Ifr. Short, the
senior clerk, slept in the hoose on
Thursday night, as the agent was
absent.

Upon search extraordinary dis-
coveries were made. In searching
about, a constable observed that
the water in a butt in the yard
had been disturbed : he put a stick
in, and found something soft and
bulky at the bottom : he drained
the water off, and discovered two
packages, in strong brown paper,
with a coarse towel round them :
these turned out to be parcels ot
silver, which had been made up
in the bank on the afternoon of
Thursday. Mrs. Thompson, the
wife of the bank agent, who slept
in the house on the night of the
robbery, came into the yard with
others ; and when it was known
that these parcels had been found,
she remarked that " she hoped
the whole of the money would be
found."

The matter having been put into
the hands of the superintendent of
police, he examined all the inmates
of the bank. A clerk and a book-
keeper declared that the safe was
properly secured on the Thursday.
The clerk slept in the house ; he
heard no noise. Isabella Lamb,
the nurse-maid, gave a very un-
satisfactory account of the mat-
ter, as far as she was concerned.
She slept in the same room with
Mrs. Thompson, on the same floor
as the dining-rooH), into which the
safe-bolt passed : sho said she wus
awakened by her mistress about half

126

ANNUAL REGISTER,

[1846

past one o'clock, when her mistress
said she heard a terrihle noise: her
mistress got up, and said she saw
two men in the next yard to the
hank with a lantern ; she went to
sleep again, and slept till morning.
Mrs. Thompson said she went to
hed ahout ten o'clock, and heard
Mr. Short come in at eleven: be-
tween twelve and one she heard a
noise, and got up and looked out
of the window into the yard, when
she saw two men in the next yard;
she awoke the house -maid, and
asked her if she was to ring the
bell, but the girl said, ** No, no ;
if there is any one in the place we
shall be murdered." She accord-
ingly did not ring, but lay still
till the perspiration poured off her.
This part of Mrs. Thompson's tes-
timony was contradicted by the girl.
^' After hearing these statements,
Mr. Stephens made a thorough
search of the house, which ended
in the discovery of the missing
property. A quantity of gold
and silver was found hid under
the cellar-stairs. The bank notes
were found in Mrs. Thompson's
bed and pillows, and in the pillow
of a small cot-bed, which had been
opened to conceal the property,
and sewn up again. In short,
one discovery succeeded another,
till the entire missing property
was found, with the exception of
two shillings.

Mrs. Thompson, on learning the
discovery of the property, fell into
hysterical fits ; and as it was not
thought proper, from her state of
health, to take her into custody at
the moment, she was placed under
the surveillance of the matron of
the gaol. She was subsequently
committed, but admitted to bail.

Mr. Thompson, the bank agent,
was immediately suspended by the
directors. — See "Law Cases."

— SsLUNG Poisonous '.
— 7%ame$ Police Office. — John
Hillard, a herb gatherer, was
brought before Mr. Ballantine on
remand, charged with causing the
deaths of Thomas Parker, late
proprietor of the Veteran beer-
shop, in the Whitechapel Road,
and Samuel Jones, a child, aged
three years, who expired in the
London Hospital after partaking of
a pie in which berries of the €firopa
helladonna, or deadly nightshade,
sold by the prisoner for nettleber-
ries, were introduced.

The inquiry created very great
interest ; several other persons,
besides those who died in the
hospital, having been affected by
eating berries of a similar descrip-
tion, which they purchased of the
prisoner.

Maria Parker, who was attired
in deep mourning, and appeared
to be in a very weak condition,
was the first witness' called. She
stated that her late husband was
the landlord of the Veteran beer-
shop, in the Whitechapel Road.
On Saturday afternoon last the
prisoner came into her house with
two baskets on his arms, one
contained herbs, the other berries.
He called for a half pint of beer,
and then asked her to purchase
some of the berries. She ob-
served that they looked very nice,
and asked what they were. The
prisoner said they were nettle-
berries, and surpassed black cur-
rants, and were very nice for
tarts, or for making wines, pud-
dings, and other things. She told
him she was a countrywoman, and
had never heard of nettleberries
before. He said he had travelled
a long way to obtain the berries,
and that he had sometimes obtained
similar berries on the Surrey hills.
She obtained the consent of her

AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

187

b^Miid ti» povkftse A pint of
the berries. «Wli vere Aboal
tlie sxe of a auJI sloe. She
gmre the prkoner 3J^ for them.
On the foOoviiig dar iSimdaT),
which vms the annirersftiT of her
wedding, she made a tart with the
berries, after cutting the stalks off,
and also cm np two aj^es, which
she mixed with them. She and
her husband partook of the tart at
dinner time ; her bosband ate rerj
heartily of it. Before the remains
of the dinner were remoTed, a cus-
tomer came in to pay some money,
and was accompanied by a child,
named Samuel Jones. The little
boy looked very anxiously at the
tart, and she gave him some, lit-
tle thinking at that time that the
berries were poisonous. A few
minutes after ber husband had
finished his dinner, he said he
was very drowsy, and went into
the bar parlour. His lethargy
soon increased, bis countenance
changed colour, and the pupils of
his eyes became dilated. He said
he had a very strange coppery
taste in his mouth, and that he
would go up-stairs and lie down
upon the bed. As he went up-
stairs he staggered, and upon en-
tering his bed-room fell upon the
ftoor, and became insensible. She
became alarmed, and immediately
proceeded to the shop of Mr. Cole-
man, a chemist, in the Whitecba-
pel Road, and obtained an emetic
for him, and a seidlitz powder for
herself. She attempted to admi-
nister the emetic to her husband,
but could get very little down his
throat, as his teeth were firmly
set. He subsequently became de-
lirious, and was very rough. His
contortions were dreadful. Ho at-
tempted to strike her in his deli-
rium, and when he recovered a lit-,
tie, said he was sorry, and asked

Imt ti» kiss kim. TKcMSie were tW
last wiQirds she heaid him spiMJL.
He was eonTejed to the LihmIoii
Hos:^tal at seven oVloek the same
evenrng, and died at ten oViock on
the following moniing. The ehikl^
to whom she had given some of the
tmrt, died on the same day. The
widow, who was deeply afiected^
then began to detail her own
sofferings. She did not c%i ao
heartily of the tart as her bus*
band, but she was verj seriously
affected. She experienced a nau-
seous taste, like copperas, in her
mouth, a tmgling in the fingers,
and stupor. Soon afterwards she
loat the use of her limbs, and was
taken to the hospital, where she
remained till Wednesday, and was
still very ill.

In answer to questions by Mr.
Ballantine, the witness said the
prisoner certainly called the ber-
ries nettleberries. Ho did not say
that he had oaten any of them.
The berries were about the biko
of black currants. After she had
vomited, she selected one of tho
berries which came from her sto-
mach, and observed it contained
small seeds of a greenish cast.

Thomas Bilby, a post-boy, stat-
ed that he saw his fellow-servant
buy some berries similar to thoso
produced by Sugg, on Blackfriars
Bridge, on Saturday last. Ho
also bought some himself ; and
after eating a few of them, was
violently affected and taken to tho
hospital. He was still very weak.
The prisoner is the man of whom
he bought them.

Peter Martin, another post-boy,
deposed that he also purchased
similar berries of the prisoner on
Blackfriars Bridge, and was suf-
fering from their deadly effects.
He was also taken to the hospi-
tal, and nearly lost hit life. After

128

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

he ate the herries his throat was
parched, his limhs were paralyzed,
and he went raving mad, hut was
recovered.

Sugg here stated that other cases
had heen admitted into two other
hospitals.

The prisoner was committed, and
tried at the Central Criminal Court,
and it heing proved that he had
been warned of the deadly nature
of the berries he was selling, was
found ** Guilty," and sentenced to
six months' imprisonment, with
hard labour.

24. Railway Accident. — A
serious accident occurred on the
Brighton and Hastings Railway,
about two miles beyond Pevensey.
An engine and a train of ballast-
waggons were drawn up upon a
" siding," but the engineer had
neglected to see that the points
were turned off; when the half-

gist twelve o'clock train from
righton came up, the engine-
driver, seeing the points impro-
perly placed, endeavoured to stop
the train, but was unable to do so,
as it was going at the rate of twen-
ty miles an hour ; and it came into
violent collision with the standing
train in the siding. The engine
and tender were thrown off the
rails, iron plates torn and wrench-
ed off, and the massive iron sides
of the tender bent and dashed to
pieces.

Of forty passengers who were
in the train hardly one escaped
uninjured. The Rev. Mr. Brown,
of Tonbridge, had his leg broken,
the fireman of the passenger train
was dreadfully burnt and scalded,
and the stoker was obliged to have
his hand amputated.

— The Rhine and the Danube.
— The German papers announce
the completion of a gigantic under-
taking, which baffled the despotic

energy of Oharlemagne and the
skill of the best engineers of
the middle ages, and which has
ever since been considered a
good of impossible attainment.
The Rhine and the Danube, and
consequently the Black Sea and
German Ocean, are now nniied by
a canal just completed, called ^
" Ludwigs Kanal," after its crea-
tor the King of Bavaria, who has
thus realized, in one day, one of
the vast conceptions nurtured 800
years ago in the brain of Charle-
magne. A vessel of small bar-
den, now sailing from Rotterdam
or from London, may carry its
cargo through Bavaria, Anstria,
Hungary, and Wallachia, even to
Trebizond and Constantinople; or
if she be of large burden, may dis-
charge her cargo at the mouth of
the Rhine, and have it transhipped
into smaller vessels at little expense.
29. Extraordinary Forqert. —
Captain William Richardson, chair-
man of the Tenbury, Worcester,
and Ludlow Railway Company, was
brought up at the Mansion House
charged with forgery, under the
following extraordinary circum-
stances. On the 20th of July last,
a check for 5,0001, was paid by
Coutts and Co., the bankers to the
railway company ; that check was
correctly signed by the chairman,
and by Mr. Thomas Stevenson and
Mr. William Lechmerc Whitmore,
two directors ; but it had been ori-
ginally drawn for ten pounds only,
such, at least, was the supposition,
but during the subsequent examin-
ation it did not appear that any
erasure or discharge of original
writing had taken place ; and the
probability seemed to be that it
was a blank check fraudulently
filled up. The matter was put into
the hands of Messrs. Bush and
Mullens, the solicitors to the com-

AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

mittee of Vankers for protection
against forgeries and frauda: the
inquiries of Mr. Bash led him to
suspect Captain Richardson, and
he gave him into cnstodr. Th«
check, when drawn, was given to the
chairman to pay to a certain partr:
this he declared he had d«>ae : bat
that person told Mr. Bosh he Lad
never received it.

Mr. Bush stated that he accen^ieil
as agent to Messrs. Frj and Co..
thc agents to the Tenhorv. Wn-r-
ccster, and Lodlow Bailwaj Com-
panv ; and he charged CaptAin
Bichardson with having altere«i the
amount of a check origiBallT tira vn
for 10/. to 5,0001., and with havinz
received and applied to his own tue
part of the proceeds of the cheek
so altered. The check was drawn
on the 7th Julv. Mr. Hare, m
clerk at Coutts*s, deposed that he
paid the check on the 2^}ih Jnlj ;
he gave five notes of 1,C»»/. He
did not know the person to whom
he paid the moner. Of coarse^ he
had no idea that the check had
been altered. Mr. Gimingham.
clerk at the Bank of England, gave
gold for three l,000f. notes on the
20th July ; the notes were three
of those given bj Mr. Hare in pav-
ment of the check. The person
who changed the notes aud his
name and address were "J. Jones,
Linen Hall, Dablin." Mr.WBliam
Higman, of the Issue Departmenty
corroborated this. As the smn was
a large sum for gold, I went to
consult 3[r. Marshall, the chief
cashier. I think I asked the person
from whom he had received the
notes ; indeed, I am certidn I asked
him; and he said, 'From Contts
and Company.' I stated this to
Mr. Marshall when I took the notes
in ; and Mr. Marshall requested
mc to trace to whom the notes had
been first issued. I did so, and

Vol. LXXXVIII.

found dias ^tfrr ijii iei?n. b-rneft ii
Coaits aasi Oimaixii^ .n r-min-z
fnd Mr. XarsoiLLi ritmi. I rii'imi
the prj*«'c»»r ia»i j-r: zitt Zoai:
and I -iii Mr. ±^.r. -viui -»':lL.a*rL
the r^.liL z.} ^fuii Jim 'lock.

Mr. ±T^^ Jiiit II ic -fie ^li^rf^c

The ir-!>t:a»tr iiiL 2i r iiir la^
•rn!«di:u:i :*! -it* -rraHr-ais.

Wina -'i-* r"jiitniv» via t:i •«•-£.
Ajitmiia. MTfrrr:^^ lak."! -ni* ir:-
sciKr ff i* "r=iaii**t it 1*17 w^iuaiT-

ei2. ?» -"-***.-' lea^ -;— jb-mv^ -iiaz Z
ti>:i -^imHiit^TLim t-i 0.111; -.1 k-— r-
tira -viii: rsiZy ciit iirs^. -zni- -iit-ti-
I 'Eti w Id 'liiairmiia if -iia -jn-

^ARJ."

Mr. E»i»ii- — •' Z im in*si "h •.— uk-
*T.ijr:'7i:iritia iiHia 317 7r.Anr.-Er.-1r:
hnz I 3*iw iij. -nar -iiK ii-« .i*-r
aoii 'sKjitin Niorininr'L m*. \n. in*

&>:« puMH AiLi j-i Til -UL^ -•.-.'Ur.
A rt-^iimimini'U -•iniL *iaj"t n

aiaif TV i iIiti«Tu»a-

Mr. PiiadirL "ii** *<*— ^'o;— r

tlut E»i»tri -.r l-ir»jr-. •-- ' uu-r
tLt 'far* :»f •si»% '-a ru7 ▼■!*- -na
entrx — *' Aiii i-*i 'inu: i •at-rit -j.r
I '!■■/- ^ r-T^a. %\ Kr Zt«rrrl 1
BMer*:»».2tEr r'-.c z^ »^.r— i*-^. vru
the nhfal Irir^^m ''^ 3. u^.-jiru'r'L
He f>s3f£ u. *Tirr7 zi -Liti •.:!«?• i-
book ia. Cat<u;»3> ^i:iuirL^.<i : r-r^
ing — "X^- 11. B«BN!a^rK' ="»oi X.-.
HoweO, l£* lerTjv^. .' 117 1
He re«iT*ii a etutnx 5.r 1 .»* ,
whidi acT^frd '•'za. •▼-. ^i.-^^rjin^i
with tlkft w^atMrf-HS. f_-ioi . i^r^.a
Riehardsrio, v^ 'icc^'a -Jit^ k«;ruir ir\-i
of two db^^^vfi : -lii^t ia liit. tut
retomed the *r>wk Vi •.wc.i.ii
RichardMcu T;* ijrr-^i iii.-.rtr
had two alt«nsk£.i : 'ij^ ^a&Si^vsi!^

130

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

hMd been cbangcil, and the figure
*• 1 '' inserted, making the date
ITtb July. Mr. Pulsford was at
Mr. Bush's oflSces on Wednesday
ireek. when Captain Richardson
said he had delirered the draft to a
person with thin mustachios« rather
sallow complexion, and thin stature.

Mr. Fry» the solicitor to the
company, stated that Mr. Whit-
more and Mr. Ste^-enson were
travellinsr.

Mr. Pulsford was recalled, and
examinotl by the solicitor for the
prisoner. As a cautious man, (ho
replietl to one question,) he should
say he had never seen the identical
check for r>,lKX>/. before.

Mr. Coulthurst, a partner in
Coutts's bank, doposeil to the fact
that the accused and the solicitors
of the company came to him re-
specting the forgery. Mr. Coult-
hurst said to the prisoner, ** This
is a frightful fraud ;** to which he
answeretl, it was. He then said
ho had drawn the check for lOf.,
and tliat it had been altered to
5,000/.: that his signature was
genuine, aud that he believed the
other two were also. He said that
the number of the check was in his
handwritinfi:. and that all was except
the figure 1 and the 5,000/. Uc
said that he had given the check
to some person in the employ of
an individual on the Stock Ex-
change.

Mr. Payne, an inspector of notes
in the Bank of England, stated
that the prisoner, on the 20th of
July, applied to him for gold for
the notes ; stating that the com-
mission for transferring money to
Dublin was so heavy that he thought
it better to take it over himself.
Witness had no doubt of the pri-
soner's identity.

Two Bank of England porters
spoke to the identity of the prisoner

with the person who took away
3,000/. in gold on the 18th July.

Mr. Howell, who had been ex-
tensively employed by railway com-
panies, stated that he never did
apply, by himself or messenger, for
10/., and never received that sum.

A City poHeeman stated that the
accused had remarked in the Jus-
tice-room, " Supposing that aU the
Bank clerks say is true, it is my
own money; I have the power, as
chairman, to sign checks."

Clerks and policemen stated the
result of searches which had been
made at the prisoner's residence,
in Charlotte Street, Russell Square:
in gold, bank notes, and bank post-
bills, 3,225/. had been discovered
in various receptacles.

The prisoner was again re-
manded.

The accused was again brought
up on Wednesday, September 9.

^Ir. Skinner, a clerk in the
Wexford, Waterford, and Wicklow
Railway Company, of which the
accused is a director, stated, that
one day in August last he received
a note for 1000/. from Captain
Richardson, with a request to take
it to the Bank of England and get
^ve hundred sovereigns and 5W/.in
notes in exchange for it. Witness
went to the Bank of England and
got it £0 exchanged; and after-
wards delivered the gold and notes
to Captain Richardson, at the
board-room.

A Bank of England clerk cor-
roborated this.

A number of witnesses deposed
to the manner in which the pri-
soner had changed portions of the
gold that he received from the
Bank for notes. He obtained notes
from the London and County Bank
for 800/. From the Bank of Eng-
land he got notes for a similar
amount ; the porter who went for

•AUG.]

CHRONICLE.

131

I

*

I

I

them giving Captain Hicliardaon's
n&nie and address. Two otlier
sums of 200?. each i^cre also thus
changed.

Mr. Thomas Stevenson, one of
the tlirectors of the railway com-
pany, who had conic from Scotland
to attend the examination, spoke
to the days when he attended meet-
ings of the directors. He was
present on the 7th July, He bad
no recollection of signing any
checks at that meeting, or at any
of the snhscqueat inectiuga. He
remembered receivinfr a letter from
Mr, F'ulaford, about June or July,
enclosing three checks for hh sig-
nature— ^onefor 100^., one for 20L,
and one for lOL He signed those
thrt'e checks, and returned them to
Mr. Pulsford, The witness was
shown the check for 5j)0()/.! upon
which the charge of forgery is
raised, and was asked if the name,
"Thomas Stevenson," was in his
handwriting. He beUevcd it was.
He gave the same answer respect-
ing the checks for 100/, and 20?.
Ho never recollected signing any
checks upon the house of Coutts
and Co. which were not filled up.
There were signatures to all the
three checks sent him hj Air,
Pulsford before be signed them — -
at least one or more. He never
signed a cheek upon Coutta and
Co. for 5fi<}QL

Mr, Clarkson, after stating that
lie had fteen blank checks signed
by Mr, Stevenson, repeatedly asked
the witness if be had ever signed
any blank checks.

Mr, Stevenson steadily denied
having done so on any occasion,

Mr, Cl-.irkson addressed the ma-
gistrates for the firisoner. He con-
tended that there was not the
elightcHt evidence, except some ad-
missions of the accused, that any
alteration had beeo made in the

check : there might have been a
fraud, the signatures of Mr, Steven-
son and Mr, Whit more having been
obtained to a blank chock with a dis-
honest intention ; but that did not
constitute forgery. They should
bold the prisoner to bail for fraud.

The prisoner was again remand^
ed to Friday the 18th m^t,, when
be was eomniitted for trial on the
charge of forgery.

At the ensuing sessions at the
Central Criminal Court, September
24th, the Grand Jury ignoretl the
bid against Captain Richard son ;
btit upon application he was de-
tained until tlie Grand Jury was
discharged, when he also was dis-
charged from custody^ no fresh bill
being contemplated.

29. SuiciD^. — A person of gen-
tlemanly appearance was taken into
custody for attempting to pass a
forged 5?, note to a jeweller in Ox-
ford Street, In consequence of
the police having sent a not i£ cation
to neighbouring tradesmen to be-
ware of forged notes, a number of
jewellers and other shopkeepers
came to the station-house, and
identified the prisoner as having
pas?5ed forged notes on them. At
midnight, the prisoner committed
suicide, by suspending himself with
a handkerchief to the grating of
his coll, and placing himself in a
kneeling posture. Nearly 201. was
found on his pei'sou in moneys a
forged 51. note, and several articles
of jewellery.

At an inquest, it was shown
that the deceased, Charles Walter
Thornton, had been Colonel in the
East India Company's service, and
bad recently been in the service of
the Indian Overland Transit Com*
pany in Egypt. At bis lodgings
were found more money and a
variety of jewellery, some of which
was identiiied by tradesmen who

K 2

132

ANNUAL REGISTER. [1846

had been paid by forged notes.
These notes vrorc very badly exe-
cuted, apparently lithographed.
The widow of the deceased said
phe had been married six years ;
sho always thought her husband
was a man of independent property.

The Jury returned a verdict,
•'That the deceased hung himself,
hut in what state of mind ho was
at the time there was no evidence
to Hhow.**

♦'U. Faihue of tiie Potato
Cuor. — The apprehensions which
had been fi>r some time entertained,
as to the state of the potato crop,
won^ by this time turneil into an
appallini; certainty. The potato
nH>t was ascertained to be fearfully
atfivtiHl thivughout England and
Scotland, while in Ireland the de-
struction of the vegetable was rc-
|H>rteil to bo universal and almost
total. The appn^hensions of dis-
tn>ss in Kngland, and famine in Ire-
land, gave a tone to the writings in
the public journals, and the speeches
at public n\eetings ; in short, the
most gloomy misgivings as to the
conditivm of the working classes
during the coming winter univer-
sally prevailed.

SKPTEMREK.

OoMMKKoiAL Rkkokm. — The as-
tonishing success of the English
GovernnuMit in its measures of
ftnancial and commercial reform
have excitevl the liveliest interest
throughout all the nations of the
globe, and the gocnl example has
atfecteil at least two of the govem-
ments wbero reform seomcti almost
hopeless, though from ditfen^nt
eauses. Thus the Eniporv^r of
Russia has concodeil some very
^^porlallt reductions in the tari#,

iwntiiig in the principal articles
export> tallow, hemp, flax, to

one-half; on those of import, as
coffee, woollen cloths, &e., fnun
25 to 75 per cent.

** We have reason to know,"
says a mercantile journal, *' that
the merchants of St. Petersburg
have thought for some time that
the example of England would
he followed soon ; but thejr did not
expect the movement to occur at
so early a date. We have only to
repeat the language which we used
in March in substance ; namely,
although ilie intelligence we afford
from St. Petersburg proves the
correctness of Sir Robert Peel's
declaration, that he had no doubt
the liberal example set by England
would be gradually followed by
Foreign Powers, yet we question
whether the Premier himself, at
the time he developed his commer-
cial policy, anticipated that there
would be at so early a period as
the present season an announce-
ment pronouncing a reciprocal sen-
timent on the part of Russia."

In Italy, the new Pope has com-
menced his reign by several im-
portant reforms. On the 2nd of
July a new tariff was published,
reducing the import duties on se-
veral articles of general consump-
tion. Thus, on woollen cloths the
duty is reduced 58 J per cent. ; on
manufactures of mixed materials,
50 per cent. ; on cotton manufac-
tures. 23 J per cent.

But the most important and least
expected result of the impube given
hy Sir Robert Peel's plans to the
removal of customs' restrictions
has occurred in the United States,
when? the wealth and intelligence
of the manufacturing interests in
the old States seemed to render
any attompt at a more liberal po-
licy hopeless. The Tariff Bill,
however, passed the Senate by a
majority of one v*^J«* -^» ^o©*

SEPT.] CHRONICLE. 133

27) ; and was adopted by the PeeU by voting liim an addrcBS of

House of liqiresentatives by a di- respect and congratulation. Tothis

viaiou of— Ayes 115, Notes 93. address Sir Robert has made the

By this new tariff bill, wbieh foOowing reply : —

comes into operation on the 1st of ** London, Aug, 6. 1846,

December, very important altera- » Your address, in whkdi you

tions are made mtlic import duties express your appmbation of tbe

In artidesnicluded under the liead ^ measures of fi.ranclal and

of luxunes-such as some descrip- commercial reform ivliieli I have

tion of wmcs, of gloves, brocades, eousidered it my duty to lay before

gem^s, and jewellery— the dcHjrease parliament, I bave^eeeived witb

m tlie duties ranges from D to 20 ^^^^ pleasure. The object

per cent aud in some cases more, ^f ^j^^. 5,^,0^,,^. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^i t^

In aU other articles there IS a great ^^^^.^ ^^^^j ^ ^..^^.j^, bat also to

reduction. j ^^^^ foundation of a more just

Percent. -^ , - , . , ..» **

Bar or bolt iron from 73 to 30 system of taxation, by putting an

Kail or spite ro(!s „ 99 to 30 end to dutiuB before levied oil raw

Cut or wroygfat-iron spikes „ 1(18 to 30 materials, as well as those vexatious

&S;-h.;n;.c:;.and """"^ regulations of the Kvcbc „nd the

filedges ,.„..., „ 52 to 30 duties on many kmus 01 produce

Iron cliaiiis gihcr tban necessary to the comfort of the

chain-cable« , „ 101 lu 30 working classes. The bill, liaving

Wrought for fl,ip«. loco- f^^, ^^ object the limitation of tlie

motive and steam en- J , , .

gincs 81 to 30 pJiper cmrency, has in no way af-

Salt... „ 76 to 20 fected public or individual interest^

Velvets, cotton „ 3G to 30 nor has t^ie country been tliereby

Cari>eting, treble ingrain „ 73 to 30 aoprived of the adVantages of a

Hmi;rof"S"^*b;^d " "'^^'^ paper circuladon; kit. in placing

cloths, kersevmcrcs,coat- ^be issue ot this mcainm of exchange

ingt and padding „ 40 to 30 under certain reasonable restraints,

low flannck, bock* the bill lias been tht? means of

^^and^ait^^^.,,. " ^ *^ ^ checking abuse in times of great

ccn^r yard* "^..... . „ U to 30 *^"tieal importance to the commer-

Coiton prints or calicoes, t'ial interests of the country, as

costing 12 cents the well as of unnsnal speculation. This

raoningyard ..,, „ 50 to 25 bill has given to paper money a

wide, costing 12 cents „ 50 to 23 exchangeable with fipecie. I learn-

Gl-iis — ^l>lain» moukkd, or with pleasure that the intent ami

pressed turolilers „ 137 to 30 efTcct of these measures have been

Cables and corda^.e, tarred „ 120 to 25 pp^-^pcrlv appreciated by distin-

Lninanufactured hemp ... „ 39 to 30 ^ ', 1 vl- • /^ J

£q^ * 6rMo30 gu^^hcd politicmns of other coun-
tries.

A Tcry pleasing instance of the *• That part of your address

new feeling of amity and interest wherein you admit the principle of

which has sprang up in conse- commercial IcgiBlation which, by

cpience of the statesmanlike aud order of rarUamcnt, is now in

catholic views of tbe late rrimc force, has aiforded me, above all

Minister has boon given by tbe things, the most lively satisfaction,

citizens of Elbing to Sir Robert The measures proposed for tU^i ^3i-

134

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

niinuiKM) vt" oust vM« -house tl alios
lun\\* Ks*:i brv^ucht for*anl without
jmit siiuiUr ^v:uv**u>ns ItATint; Kx^n
oifor^sl V\ to:vi *u oi>unirii*s : ibev

V>^«or;»l n\:or\*st \^f iho country- tlo-
n'.Aiulcvl \T. Tho-r otfoox* an^ >r.:^.-
eu*v.t ! Y iu! \ :> n: .^ ovus : o f *.: '! v j ;: s: \ f y
fho sto;** «o V.Avo tAkon : tVr i: :s
%vutr:\r\ ?o tV.* vr',:*.v*:j^!o> of |\^!:-
|5oa\ iwv.^'.v.v '.^ y;:rv'V,;\*e a: a
JoAr r^^:** Ar:L'o> v*f •.v.vru^r vaV»:o ;

hA\o ?V.. virV.t. «*.;b.r.:: ov.^or./.j: :":.^
nOj^v-,;: *v> ;;".*! •.•.•; v. v.to *lo:*'.iN,

wotY ' ;i I ! ,* ;:i > ■• .'. V, !' V. « x^ v.* .! S> a *lo i» : <\'.

•.r«V.o< ;V.V.l

O* V. V A VT\^ "vS'.'.'s 0 * • ! » « *.\ i J V. A •* " ■-.■' A TS * .^

^s*r ? v*t : V. ** V rv^ ; *v : '. ^ 0 > ^ >t o v.- . "«•. ' *'
ill V' o V : A : " 0 • *. V. : v : V' < K* .: ^l ^ av ; i •,; .: s
A !v A -io * 1 • ^ r 0 ' V : • •.: • ;• • • .: ■ : . '. -. .: Si-

fA\ov.-.iV'v ■■^:o*';..l V Vv :V.o ::;-

vv'.••^v^"•', ; w

:«« ,-^. .^

!a«i^-. V- .i: :.•-;<:

^M{ ,"

^i:V ^^ .'. .• '. :.■ .v A"-,

!ut;:f 'V* .' .

..". ^ , ?v '...;

getber proliibit the importation of
foreign produce, and sustain cer-
tain branches of trade at the ox-
^HUisc of the public finances.

*' The social condition of that
country vrhich maintains with the
groatost rigour the protcctire sjs-
tom will be opposed to the state of
Another which has adopted hberal
principles, and the conviction of the
value of such principles will not ob-
tain unless by the encouragement of
I ho freodom of exchange among all
the nations of the world ; the wcll-
Iv'r.c: of each individual will be in-
oroAsed. and the will of ProA"idence
will bo fulfilled— that Providence
whioh has gircn to every country a
sm>. a climate, and a soil, each differ-
•r.j; v:;e :r\^m the other, not for the
punvse of rendering them severally
:uu^;vi:vlo:;: cf each other, but, on
:1;.^ c.::::^\ry, in order that they
v.:Ay r\:* rhoir reciprocal depend-
oneo Vy :Iie exehanire of their re-
>jvv- ::^ e '^rvsluoe, thus causing them
•'•* c*;;v i:: c:raii:on the blessings
0! t^r\ v- ".:::oo. I: is thus that we
r.v..l :•: . '.v/.i-.-j-vo :he lueans of ad-
v::-...:-.: v^"'.::At:v-^. of appeasing
; .a'.--..? V Av .1 r.At; -v-.aI ^ :>LJUilice, and
o: *: r ■ .^- :: a: •^:: a universal peace,
4 ::'• :: :t . "•. r...:Io:'.Al :n tores: or from
C^ ->::?.•', .l.::r. — I have the ho-
u:.:r, .v.- . .. j.^^^-^^ Peel."

7. A-:'.;?NT o>- rr.E y.>mNO-
: *. \ k N . ' . . N ; : : v R w..^ vy . — A:
:-*>*.• ;'.' .."x A irAi:: 'o:*: the fta-
:..-. a: N.::"-.\:'-,i-^ :\t Lincoln,
jir. I : r^.o: ■.-•l .*s usuaI .lIl:: reached
:1.^' -.s-: .:.: .:* :":.' 1.7.0 ViAr Gosal-

'«".■." ?, r. ***.'. ""* .". '.".■.' -.' f ^ ".".'. t' snAi'pc^i.

.. T : 1 r ._. : ,

■- ■. ; A :-.Ar!a
• >•.!:! er in-

N

I

SEPT,]

head -foremost of£ tLe ciigme upon
the grtjanJ. Tlie atoker, uaablo
to 'keep his feet, fell, and was
caught between the tender and the
engine, upon the upper part of
both his thighs, from which fearful
position he could not extricate him-
eelf ; the engine and tender at the
flame time heuig whirled oft the
rails and, aa it were, actually dou-
bled up ; but the chain attaching
them to the engine snddenlj broke,
and as there were two or three
tmckfl and a luggage- van bijtvfeea
the engine and the passcnger-car-
riages, the mischief tlid not extend
to the passengers. The ud for-
tunate stoker died iii a few hours.

— Fatal Poaceinu Affkay.^-
An examination was made before
the magistratea of Newton Abbot,
relative to an affray uhieh took
pkce on Saturday night between a
party of poachers and the game-
keepers of Sir Walter P. Carew,
Bart,, of lIaccombe-hou3C,in which
a young farmer, William Setter,
who was assisting the keepers, was
shot by one of the poachers. It
appeared from the evidence of the
witnesaea, that the principal keeper.
Fcstus Karris, aceoiii|>anicdby the
gardener, when passiug by one of
the preserves, on Saturday, heard
the report of fire-arms in such
rapid succession as led him to con-
clude that a foiinidaldti gang of
poachers were out. Fearing to
encounter them alone, the keeper
coiled to their assistance Mr. Robert
Bendcdl, a neighbouring farmer,
William Setter (the deceased), and
fom' other persons. Guided by the
;Teports» the keeper and his jjarty
proceeded to a spot called Bknd-
fiehl, wliere they came up with the
poachers, whose number, owing to
the darkness of the night, they
could not aacertaUn The keeper's
party having &o disposed thcmselrcs

as to provcBt escape, it was ar-
ranged that two should enter the
field, ami that the word "gate**
should be the signal to those out-
side, Mr, Ren dell and the de-
ceased had no sooner got into the
field than they saw one of the gang
making towards them with a
gun in his baud. The signal was
given, and whilst tlio keeper and
the others were approaching, the
poacher (who was now recognised
as a man named Henry Warren)
was commanded by Mr. Rendell ta
surrender. To this he paid no at-
tcntian, but raising the ^un (a
double barrel) to his shoulder, ho
moved forward a few paces, when
Mr, Rendell said, •'We know you
now J you had better not fire.**
Warren, perceiving he had no
chance of escape, his party being
some distance off, discharged one
barn^l at Setter, and the other at
Mr. Rendell The unfortunate mam
fell, and Mr, Kcndell, who had felt
the charge pass close to his head,
rushed in upon Warren, who made
a violent resistance, but was even-
tuaOy secured, his companions
having escaped. The wounded
man, who had i^eceived the whob
of the charge in his abdomen, was
carried to the house of Mr. Eliaa
Rendell, when it was found that
the bowels and Hver had been cx-
tenstvc'ly lacerated by small shot,
and a piece of the deceased's watch-
chain was found in the wound. On
the following niorniugthe best sur-
gical aid was obtained, there ap-
pearing no chance of his recovery,
Mr. Cartwiight, who was informed
of the circumstances, attended a*^d
took his depositions, which we^o
reduced to writing. Setter, after
he had signed the depositions, never
rallied, and expired an Sunday
aftenmon.

The prisoner Warren was com-

lae

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[I84«

mitted for trial on a charge of
••inlful murder."

10. Murder at CnESTERnELD.—
In emptying a kind of open cess-
pool attached to some houses at
Chesterfield, ahout a fortnight ago,
the lahourers lighted on a mass of
putrid matter, which they took to
oe the hody of a sheep ; closer in-
spection proved it to ho the trunk
m a man. The soil that had heen
taken out was searched, and the
cesspool carefully emptied ; and the
resmt was the shocking discovery
that the various portions of a hu-
man heing had heen thrown into
ihe receptacle: the trunk, the
limhs, the head, were separate ;
some articles of clothing were on
the remains, and others were found
in the filth. On the legs were
stockings, and these were fastened
by garters ; an inspection of which,
and of the other articles of clothing
enahled the discoverers to identify
the remains : they were those of a
€leorge CoUis, who had heen missed
since Decemher the 7th.

The fact that the hody had heen
dismemhercd, and that the skull
exhibited a largo fracture, at once
excited suspicion that Collis had
been murdered. When the young
man disappeared, it was thought
that he had fled the town from fear
that a liaison which he had formed
with a young woman would lead to
unpleasant results : but it now ap-
pears that such a notion was un-
founded.

Suspicion attached to John
Flatts, a butcher, with whom the
deceased was in partnership ; and
he was arrested : this man's mother
was also taken into custody, and
Henry Knight, his brother-in-law ;
Collis 's watch having been traced
to the possession of the latter.

At an adjourned inquest held
^his day, a vast mass of circum-

stantial eyidenee wss addoeed, ioi-
j^ieating Plstts. AnuMigsi o4bas
Thomas Harvey said,— I ani s
shoemaker, and reside in ihs
shambles at Chesterfield. On the
night of the 7th of December, about
twenty minutes or half-past seren
o'clock P.M., on a Sunday, my wife
and I went to see our friends in the
shambles, and, after we had been a
few minutes, I said I would go on
to Terry's, and have a pint of ale,
as I was accustomed to do. I bad
to go into a narrow passage, be-
tween Briddon's shop and Platts'
and deceased. At the corner of
Briddon's shop I heard the first
blow in Platts's shop. I was about
a yard or a yard and a half off. It
was a heavy stroke, on something
deadly — I mean not on a block or
board. It was a soft substance. I
have heard them strike calves with
a cleaver in killing them, and this
seemed to me to be something like
that. The blows were repeated
three or four times, but I will not
be confident which . After the first
or second blow was given there was
a deep groan, often repeated'; it
was a moaning noise. I went up
into the house I was going to, and,
being so agitated, the first thing I
said was, " Oh, my God, there's
murder in Platts's shop." My
brother-in-law was in the comer
smoking, and laughed it off, but
my wife came out, and my sister
followed her ; then my brother-in-
law, Thomas Bellamy, came out.
There was no light in the shop.
We went to the side of the shop,
and asked Platts what he was
doing ? We knew him by his voice.
He answered, and said he was sick.
I said, *' Whom have yon got in
the shop ?" and he replied, •* No-
body ; I am sick ; I have had somo
rum." My wife or sister asked
him if they should fetch him some

SEPT.]

CHRONICLE.

137

^

water? &nd he said no t he should
be better dtrectly. He would not
have a light or water, Mj wife or
sister charged hini with having a
girl In tlie sliop, and he said he had
not anybody in it. I belieTe we
all went up into the house again*
After the moaning, and on my
going down a second tinu% I heard
a snuiimg or wheeling noise, as
from shortness of hrcath, and ceas-
ing in a weakly manner, I did not
Lear any faO. Heard a noijje as of
a substance heing drawn along the
floor ; at the time this noise was
going on, Flatts often hemmed or
coughed, and that was while the
wheezing noi-se was going on.
From tho house, X went on to
Terry's. When I got to Terry *s
1 said 1 had heard something that
very much disturbed my mind, and
the company partly laughed at me.
I went again, and listened rery soon
aft^rwanls at Platts'sshop. Teiry
was not with nie then. I beord
nothing, and when I got into my
brother-in-law's house, Platts (the
prisoner) was sitting in the comer
of Thomas Bellamy*© house, 1
said, ** Jack, I could almost swear
you had somebody in tbe sbop/^
He said be had notldiig of the
kind. 1 then re turned io Terry's,
feeling satistied that nothing was
the matter when 1 saw him. He
Bcenied in no way alarmed or
affected, and that made me feel
more satisfied. My wife and sister
said that be had been tii and washed
his bands. 1 remember the day,
from a wedding in the neighbour-
hood taking place on the same day,
and when my wife mentioned it,
we recollected the circumstance.
Bobiuson and Robert Lakin went
with me the second time, and stood
and listened. ♦Saw no nuirka of
blood upon Pktts when he was in
the corner. Aly wife thought bo

had got a girl in the shop at the
time. If there bad been a light wo
must have seen it. The gas from
the outside would light the inside
of the shop, so that anyhody thero
could see what they were doing in
it, though they could not ho seen
from the outside of tho sliop. A
few months after this, a girl, Ellen
lleresford, who was pregnant by
deceased, wanted to know where
be was, and I asked Flatts if he
knew, and he said he had heard of
his being in Manchester, and one
place or other, Platts said he
wanted some 4^. or 5L of Collis,
and that he had been np to Branip*
ton, where Collis's parents live, and
got a part of it. I think lie said
the mother liad given bhu the
money.

The Coroner's Jury returned a
verdict of ** wilful mnrder*\ against
Platts, and he was committed for
trial.

-^ Destbuctivb FuiEs. — The
sugar-reiining works and ware-
houses belonging to Messrs, M'Fic
and Sons, in Bachelor Street,
Liverpool, were burnt down. For-
tunately, no other huiklings were
destroyed ; but the poor people
who inhabited t!ie neighhouring
houses lost a great quantity of fur-
niture. The premises arc stated to
he fully insured ; but although a
considerable quantity of property
was saved, the loss is estimated at
nearly mfiOOL

The sngardiouBc of Provost
Farie, at tireenock, was a! so en-
tirely consumed hy fire, the same
morning, together with the stock
and machinery. The damage IB
estimated at 50,000?.

1 4. Railway AccmENT. — A seri-
ous accident happened on tlie Sun-
derland and Xewcastle liaiUvay; a
line which possessed so had a nuto-
rioty as the ** Brandling Junction/'

4

I

ISS ANNUAL REGISTER. £1846

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xdL:.'; it. 01 Sill- Jtrii_iiL "^ifii "Uir iKiiL liUTL vZi£.«ri. €f L nmbeilAiid,

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7ji£ . j-.-iftiiiC ••iL'li.c i. :*iiijfi«:'z:ix- Tirk- ic 'voic^ &z M>K4nilis given

n»i. :d iiii irLrnts -z-ii^-i-i 1^:31^ ■*. Vj fiiLria. Tinier- ia Lis Huiorj

x3tL :*i*r .f ll-: ^Mi-'rr -*--->»^t-~i --^ r ;.-■:»«? ^i-r* / Hc^Tf TJ. The

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liriv^i'f -Ji-- liii : ill'. z.nL'z.: f-1 -r^oziiitil lx ib* iiircAi. Uftd falls

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tcLfT. TlK "tTTiLTt-J lil :iL *..CL': I^Li. V.-LL "riJii Lr Lu IZl TSill

K^'ji Kij'i'jerr vLi:! ▼-.*: .^'£ :ii cn-ds^c-i-i ■:: vusi c-5' liie fatal

Uit i-ijr^ .c i-i -»*'"-»i-'^V-.-- - liL "U-rii?:. TT^ iiiTsc:? at* fall of

▼rr-. fn^Lili-i ::; 1 &-.•:•=- li n.-: ir-- liff rjici:^ bz. tfun-june mail,

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it was found that the springs of the
van, kc, were broken, and that in
addition t«> the two persons who
were killed three others were m-
jurcd^ hut not seriously.

An inquest was held on tho
bodies, when Mr, W* Turner iden-
tified the hody of Paul Broome
Sargeut, and said, I was riding on
the same wheels with him, but not
in the same compartment. I be-
lieve ho was in the first compart-
ment when he was alive, but when
dead, be was found in the second
compartment, having been beaten
througlu We got into the carriage
at Reading. When we got in we
heard an unusual noise in the car-
riage under our feet, as if the
wheel was grating, and we spoke
of it to ourselves, but as several
people got out, it gradually got
less ; we did not speak to the
guard about it.

Nothing further occurred until
we came near Fan-iugdon-road Sta-
tion. We were coming m at a very
moderate and proper pace — I
should consider a very proper pace
— perfectly so. The accident oc-
curred between the bridge and the
platform, I heard a loud crash and
cracking, as if something was com-
ing over, which continued till tho
engine stopped at the platform.
There was also a sudden shock. I
think the death was caused by
something giving way under the
luggage van. The cracking con-
tmued all the way along ; but I
cannot tell whether the death took
place from the first crash or after-
wards. I afterwards saw the
bodjes of tho deceased persons.
The mason *s l>c>dy was tbo first I
saw ; it was then on the platform,
haying been taken out. The other
body, Mr, Sargent's, was not
taken out for an hour and a half,
I should think. He was jumbedin,

and there was some difficulty in
extricating him. It was dreadfully
mutilated ■ the head was completely
severed from the body ; it appeared
to have been cut off.

Mr. Barker, a surgeon, described
tho condition in which he found the
bodies of the sufferers. Tho corpse
of Mr. Sargent was standing erect
in the broken carriage, and was
retained by a hand which clenched
the Bhattcrcd timber of the roof.
Tho fore part of tho body was to
the back of tlic carriage. Tho
head was severed from the body,
and was lying on tho outside of
the roof a few feet off. It had
been divided by a force acting
backwards and fonvards. The
blow had taken effect immediately
imder the chin, and, passing
through the iiCN>k, perfectly sepa-
rated it. The Jury returned a
verdict of ** Accidental death,*'

22, Stuandixg op the Great
Bill TAIN. — This magnificent vessel,
which seems to have been attended
with an evil fatality, run aground
in Dundrum Bay, on the coast of
Ireland, opposite the Isle of Man,
on the night of Tuos<day. Tho
ship left Livci-pool about eleven
oVlock on Tuesday morning ; and
after clearing the Bell buoy, bore
away under considerable canvas
direct in a course for the Calf of
Man and the scene of the disaster;
and at from four to five o'clock iji
the afternoon, the i:?1au<l was dis-
tinctly visible on the starboard bow.
Shortly after, it set in to rain, and
the wind increased J the shipmaking
excellent progress, and t!ie passen-
gers uncommonly delighted with
the vessel and her admirable quali-
ties as a sea-boat. Night then closed
in, dark and wet, and the wind
gradually fresliencd into a half-
gale. The log was repeatedly
taken. About half-past nine o'clock.

4

I
4

i

140

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

the |VA«.«-r^"^r> wor>? >:Anled bj m
err arid sciivo moTomcn:* upon
d<ek. ar.d a iroaoril fear j-re^aiied
that ibo ?h:p ^as in c^ul:>;-'n wjih
soaso o:V.vr to* sol. The *h:p. how-
eTor. had *:ra:ido\l. Tho aiirht
w*s dart and storrur. the *h;p
be*: :acesas:in;iTi;p:-a the saad : and
the broakers ror-o^it-d^ Vre-akir.i:
heavilr cTcr ht-r. ono of Vii- lifo-
K>at< was carried fron: ::* ti^ioriin^
on :ho quarsiT. A*i::::5 and
cries :n>:a:::> perri..;c-i ;ho ship :
and approver.* ions were general
aiaer-c^: ::;o y>a>>or.jor> ir.a: ibo
ship w.u'.d break up dur.::^ ihe
ny:'::; be-ei:'i the t:-rw of ihe
breakers w:->h eov.siAni'y burs:
over her d^vk*. Thr -jh.u: the
^ajer^^:^».\v, CAp:.*:n H;*skor. be-
bave\l w::h a*:::iLriK«.- s; j-tossos-
tk>n and ^i^.t r^T ; av.d :ri:n:i^;:a:ely
aner iivo sh::^ s:ru/K, wir.; do-wa
K'low, and, by h> a >s:; ran -.vs.
<jii:c : e^l i r. e «: \e: i i>.i a : : ■ r el . «: - s:-. n s
of :he rus>v::^ir-. ii;> i^f. r:^
were >:; v.vv > > tV. ; . A i • r; ! :: i : : :. o

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lo :V.e Wo>i e: :'.
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ve<>«.*. v'.iV.ri-l :*..>o da:,«ir:v.>
S|K^:> : fv-: h-.d:: b.c:; .rliorwii^. i:
is n^.vTi^ :h.v.: prvb.-.l-'i ;ha: :\w. i:
aiiy» Wv'V.ld h.;vo o>c.-.--;Ni. T!:e
landing of ihe p,:ss::\rsTS wr.5 r..-
co:nplishetl bctwivn :*;-.o h.-urs o:
five and seven oVl-.vk v n Wo'ines-
daj nioniiii;!. and :>.. :n the pr>
tecteil jvsiiion if iliv sl.i:^ iV-.d the
nature vi ihe b:.v:h, w-TJi :..:rf./^:
aafctv : and a n'.:ni'.vr of iheui

aftenrards, vith their luggage,
which was protected hj the
arriTal of a magistrate with a
body of police, departed and dis-
persed lo the neighbouring towns
of Downpatriok, Dnndalk, Xcwir,
and Belfast.

Captain Hosken accounts for the
catastrophe in the following man-
ner : — There is a double light on
the Calf of Man, revolring every
tvo nunutes : a single light on St.
John's Point, off Dundrum Bay,
revolving every minute. As the
vessel apprivached the Isle of Man,
a t:limpse of the island was caught
by those on l^oard : but the lights
vere net seen, prtdiablj on account
of the thick atmosphere. In the
chart used by Captain Hosken, the
St. Jobji's light was not marked
at all though it has l*een in use for
three years. \Mien it was descried,
ho ni:st.:^>k i: f.-r the Calf of Man
liirh;. Although he was puzzled
at the apparent retazdation in the
ec-nrso of the ship, the fact of see-
ing tl.e L,:':it api^ared to be con-
eiu-ive. That only one light was
scxn W35 :n:pui«:-d to the dense
hare : 'wl.ioh had. in fact, sufficed
10 hide b:th lights on the island.
Tho vessci. therefore, was steered
:."> iT'.ve iLo rc-oks ealloti the Hen and
Chivkens. o5 the Man light, a
snr-iv ■.«:n;'y T.ide berth to starboard,
an^I tho vvnsiMuoneo tras the ship
CTx'.v.nded w;:h:u Piindnim Bay.
Ortv.: v~or:s xrore imniediitely
n: .*! d 0 : o ^e: i. o r «:■ r . ■«■ it h o u i e 5"oc t :
a suece^sion of temivstuous wea-
ther >«.; in. vhivhdr-. vehvT further
on sh:r«:. and kcuO damajTo c-eeur-
rir.^ :> h:r K.it.-n:. she nik-d with
wAivT. 1: socn:s verv in i probable

h:^: 0..^

it:>

he can :»o co: o:

-v For. .TKY ..y Ka:iwat Scktp.
— O. r.fnr /■.-:..■: .r r.wn'— >.lolm
r';;n:::>:«.r FaulKoniir wis trit-*l fv^r
a u-riTtry vf >enp ^f tl.-: Bucking-

SEPT.]

CHR

CLE.

141

1 1 am a hire Raihray. Bentham Fa-
Vmn was also Indieteil, but he did
not suiTcnder to hia bail. The two,
who were in partDership as share-
brokers, in May kst* ohtaiDetl
mouej through Mr. llidiartli^, a
dealer in sliares, on what purported
to be scrip of the railway company ;
a Mr. Solomons advanced the
money. The scrip turned out to be
forged. Thii* wau the statement
of the counsel f^jr the prosecution.
Jklr. BflUantine, for the prisoner,
took an ohjection to tlie itidict-
loent. He contended that the
scrip was not a receipt, and could
not he considered as belonging to
any class of documents specified in
the act of Parliament. UntU the
fiuhscribers* agreement and Parlia-
mentary contract were signed, the
document was worth nothing ; and
it bore on tlio fiiee of it that the
holder could only be entitled to the
»hareg on his executing those deedrj.
After a long discussiun^ Mr. Jus-
tice Maulo (baring consulted with
Mr. Baron Piatt) said he would
take a note of the objection ; but
he was of opinion that it should be
overruled ; nnd the case proceeded.
Mr. Edward Richards was then ex-
amined. Uts evidence by no means
Implicated the pn?^oner at the bar ;
it was adverse only to Fabian. He
deposed that he raised money on
ftliares of the Buckinghamshire
Railway on account of Mr. Fabian ;
but he had had no conversation
with the prisoner on the subject,
lie had always paid the money to
Fabian, in his own count in g-house
at the Hall of Commerce, or in the
office of Mr. Fabian. Faulkener
never appeared to know anything
about what tbev were doing,
although he might have been pre-
sent. Ho applied to Mr. Solomons
to ftdvance money on the Bucking-

ham shir e R a il way sc ri p . M r . S olo-
mons agreed to advance tlie money
if Mr. Fabian went for the scrip.
Fabian did so, and returned with
the scrip, and got the money.
At this point of the case^ Mr,
Clarkaon said that they had no
means of showing that the pri-
soner had any knowledge of tbo
uttering of the forged scrip, ex-
cept what they expected to ex-
tract from the evidence of the wit-
ness. The evidence he gave in
the box was quite contrary to the
statement which he had nmde to
liis own solicitor ; and as they had
no other means of proving Faulk -
oner's accessorial knowledge, they
must abandon that part of the
indictment. There was another
charge — that of fraud. Jir. Justice
Maule said that the evidence had
failed, independently of any dis-
tinction as to fraud or forgery;
since no ku owl ego of the fraud or
forgery was brought home to the
prisoner by the evidence of the
witness Richards*

Faulkener was then arraigned on
the charge of fraud. Mr. Clark-
sou, however, said, that after the
equivocal evidence of Mr. Richards,
who was a person of peculiar cha-
racter, and wVio, although he did
not mean to say he had been a par*
ticipator in the fraud, was very
closely mixed up with it, he would
not occupy the time of the Court
by proceeding further with the
case. The Jury then returned a
verdict of acquittal ; and the pri-
soner was discharged,

23. Fire at the Cjiovdox Rail-
way.— A destructive fire occurred
at the Croydon terminus of the
Croydon Railway at an early hour
in the morning. Flames were per-
ceived by a ]mliceman i&^suing from
the lamp room, but before any per-

142

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

son hail 1 11110 to come to his assUt-
anoo. the tiamos broke through the
roof of tho carriage-dopdt, a
upacious buildincr. upwarils of a
huiulri'il foot loiiir, wliich was filletl
with on rria go s of the first and
sooon«1 olass. Contiguous to this
buiUin:r ^tiHHl anothor, in which
bovoimI uioro oarriap:os wore dc-
jx^siiod : tho:4o wore taken out in
tune. InioUiirence wai* sent to the
oncin^^->t«^tious of the town : and
forthwith the lurraek and ])arish
onirinos n^iohe^l the seene of the
fin\ A hirce binly oi the military
Rs^si^tiHl. The whole of the ohl
Kvoniotivo depot was soon on-
voloj»v**l in tlanies, and upwarvis of
a doron tir<t and s^vond olass ear-
riacv'i* ^^on* bla.rir.j. For some
time :;ivrtt dliheuhy wa* exj>eri-
cnoed ill obtaininir a supply of
wati r : uioanwhilo the flames pn>-
p>^»od >Mih suoli rapidity, that
U^fero tVur v»V!ov-k K»ih the stations
of the pi V sent ainio<p)iorie and the
old hvvMuotixes ]»iv>ented an iin-
nu'v.-K' bodv ot' t!aMu\ whioh roaivd
»> i( i»iu\l tVi»m the sevenil win-
dews like a r.u:uVev of furuaees in
full ope:a::o:>.. IW leadin^r the
he^e oC' r;:e e:ii:hie> thrvni^h the
vi:^lvu\>. \}w military and liremen
ve:e e.iaMed T*^ pvnir a strx*am of
vatev i;po:i ilio :i:v : b-at it had
ob'.aitusl ;ov» v.::u a hoMtv'l»o easily
o\i:M:;ir^'.KV. : eariiace at'^or ear-
riaj;e toll a p:e^ . and it was not
\\x\u\ the ^^hele et* the eembusiible
artu*le> in il:e t«e buildinu:^ worv^
buvat that the tia'.ue* worx^ at all
^»t 'ar.de: . Tl;e eov.t^ajxnitii'n was
only i^ut otf iu>: as it was attaek-
iuij: the T'ekv*:-s!at;o'ii and Invkiuj;-
otKi'es. Thir'nvn oarriaiTes wore
Consunu\l.

An in!\uiry as to the orip:i:i of ir.e
disa>ter tiK»k plaoe, but it ri»mained
uncortaia whether it aivse from

spontaneous combiutioii of tow tad
ml in the lamp room, or from sptakB
having accidentally fallen on those
combustible materials.

24. China. — By the Oreriand
Mail, accounts hare been rceeiTed
of serious disturbances with the
Chinese at Canton, of such a na-
ture as to bode a renewal of hostili-
ties at no distant date.

" Between five and six o'clock
in the afternoon of the 8th of July,
an English merchant, an old resi-
dent in China, was passing along
the street leading from the Ame-
rican factories to Chungwo, or
Mingqua's Hong, when he was
impeded by a crowd of idle Chinese,
such as are generally to be found
loitering about in that neighbour-
hood. One of them he pushed out
of his way ; upon which the China-
man first struck him, then threw
a stone at him, and afterwards ran
away. He was pursued, and
caught near Mingqua*s Hong ; and
haviujT been dragged inside, was
l>ound to a post until information
of what had occurred was sent to
the British Consul. In the mean
time, however, the man contrived
to escape : but was a second time
caught by another foreign resident,
and brought back to the Hong. A
cn^wd now began to gather out-
side ; and beiie\-ing themselves
suflieiently powerful to wreak their
vengeaneo on the foreigners, they
foree^l open the gates of the Hong,
roseued the man, and stoned the
foreigners who had taken refuge in
the house. The mob, which had
by this time greatly increased, now
K^gan to batter the doors and win-
dows with stones, brickbats. Jco.,
and attempted to fire the building
by throwing in crackers and other
lightotl materials. This state of
matters eontiuued until about half-

SEPT.]

N

^

past seven ?,m, when it was tk' elded
to throw open the gates of the
American Gardens, where the
gi-eatest portion of the foreign resi-
dents had collceted with fire-arms.
They divided themselves into com-
panies, with each a commander.
One division faced towards Old
China Street, while another
niarc!ied round to the front of
Mingqua's llong. The mob, hav-
ing previously ovennastcred and
driven off the Chinese police, stoofl
their ground in China Street and
beyond Mingqua*s Hong, and sent
n perfect storm of stones and hrick-
hats at their opponents, who re-
turned tlie compliment with a
volley of balk. Tliis had the effect
of clearing the place ; and the mob
moved off, ]eavuig» aceordiog to tbe
most probable account, four dead
and ten or twelve wounded ; though
the numbers are variously given,
the highest being thirteen killed
and twenty wounded. In the pro-
elnmation of tbe Chinese magis-
trate, Sz, tbe casualties are stated
to have been three killed and six
woundeih On the other side three
persons were hurt, one, a Paraee,
rather severely. \Vhen the fray
became serious, infonnation was
given to the Chinese authorities,
by whom a body of soldiers and
armed police were sent, and they
were very useful in elcaring the
streets ; but their iuJluenee only
began to be felt when the foreigners
bad proved themselves more than a
mat^li for tbe rabble. To guard
against another attack, the foreign
community patrolled the streets
during the night."

Meanwhile, assietancc was sum-
moned from Whampoa, and furnish-
ed by the Captain of n Danish frigate
and seven merchant- ships ; so that
I the next morning the foreigners
^ft mustered in great force. The

^
N

mob continued to bo loud and inso-
lent, but abstained from further
violence.

The bigber Chinese authorities
issued proclamations, promising in-
quiry, and cautioning ** the good*'
from mixing with ** tbe bad,'' lest
tbey should be injured in the ne-
cessary process of keeping tbe
peace. The district magistrate,
Sz, imputed the blame to the Eng-
lish, for prematurely using their
fire-arms.

2B. Accident. — A dreadfid ac»
cident bappenetl on the railway
works near Aberdeen, opposite tbe
Pcvanha Brewery. Several arches
of the inclined plane had been com-
pleted, and the necessary wooden
erections to support it while build-
ing were taken away last week ;
and arrangements were in progress
to proceed with others. A little
before eight oVlock in the morning,
three of tbe arches gave way, bury-
ing among the stones, bricks, and
rubbish a number of the workmen.
Measures were immediately taken
to relieve the ujifortunate indivi-
duals; but, after a tedious and
arduous task of upwards of an
hour, seven were taken out dead,
having evidently been killed in-
stantaneously ; two others died
subsequently.

— CoAL-PiT Explosion . — An ex-
plosion occurred at a pit connected
with tbe Clyde Iron Works, tbo
property of Messrs. Dun lop. situ-
atc<l near Toll Cross, a few miles
up the Clyde from Glasgow, Tbe
pit in which the accident occuiTcd
is eallod Bogle's Hole Pit, and is
situated within a stone's throw of
the river-side. The pit was ap-
parently well ventilated ; hut about
four oVlock in the morning, five
men and a boy went down in tbo
course of their ordinary occupa-
tions ; immediately on tbe lighu

4

I
I

144

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

-whicli they carried coming in con-
tact with the foul air, the explosion
took place, hj which the whole
bare heen deprived of life.

— Election op thb Lord
Mayor. — Some ohjection heing al-
leged against Mr. Thomas Wood,
■the alderman next in rotation for
the mayoralty, his opponents started
Sir George Carroll, who stands next
in the list, against him, and two
others pro formd, and at the con-
clusion of the poll Sir George had
4k considerahle majority. These
two heing thus returned to the
Court of Aldermen, that hody
chose Sir George Carroll, thus
•passing hy Alderman Thomas
Wood.

29. The Wellington Statue.
— The arduous task of removing
Mr. Wyatt*s colossal equestrian
«tatue of the Duke of Wellington
from the artistes studio in the Har-
row Road, to the triumphal arch at
Hyde-Park Corner, which has heen
decided upon as its pedestal, was
this day accomplished without ac-
cident. The streets were thronged
with a great multitude of people
iuixious to witness the transit of
the enormous hulk ; and the win-
•dows in the streets through which it
was to pass were filled with a vast
assemblage of beauty and rank.

Upon a stand erected in Mr.
Wyatt*8 grounds were assembled a
large number of most distinguished
personages, including her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kent, his
Aoyal Highness the Duke of Cam-
bridge, the Duke of Rutland, the
Marquis of Londonderry, the Count-
ess of Westmoreland, Lord and
Lady Fitzroy Somerset, Lord H.
Bentinck, Sir John Macdonald,
Adjutant-General, Sir P. Trench.

To give an idea of the gigantic
- proportions of this statue, it will be
aumcient to state that its height

from the ground to the crown of
the hat is twenty-seven feet, and its
weight about forty tons : it is com-
posed of the brass metal of guns
taken by the noble Duke in his vari-
ous campaigns, and which has been
contributed by the Board of Ord-
nance for this purpose. The dray
or carriage upon which it was re-
moved weighed about twenty tons,
and consisted of a strong square
frame upon four large iron wheels,
ten feet in diameter, the two front
being constructed with radiating
cast-iron spokes, and the hind-
wheels of sheet-iron, of rather a
convex shape, and very wide rims.
The statue was slung within this
frame, the feet of the horse resting
upon narrow ledges about two feet
and a half from the ground, thus
sinking the weight so low as to
preclude all danger of overturning.
The task of withdrawing the statue
from the studio was a work of time
and labour, and was accomplished
by means of haulage, the ropes be-
ing manned by 100 of the Fusilier
Guards in fatigue dress. A few
minutes after eleven the statue was
fairly dragged into the open street,
where it was received with the most
tremendous cheering by the assem-
bled crowds. Nearly an hour more
was consumed in turning the car-
riage into its proper track, and in
yoking the horses who were to
drag it to its destination. These
horses, twenty-nine in number, were
supplied by Mr. Goding, brewer,
and were driven by ten sturdy
draymen in full professional cos-
tume, one wearing upon his breast
a Waterloo medal. The horses
were crowned with laurel, and were
yoked, with the exception of the
two wheelers, three abreast. All
having been prepared, the police
with some difficulty cleared a pas-
sage, and at five minutes past twelve

OCT.]

CHRONICLE.

145

oV'lock tho cortege set out atiiid
luud and continued cheering',

I The following is the order of
procession : —
Vide ties.
Band of tlio Second Life Guards.
One liunrlred of the Life Guards,
Trumpeter;
The Members of the Committee in
tlicir carriages.
Pioneers of the Foot Guards,
Tim Statue,
escorted on each side by twenty
Life Guards.
Body of Rlgpfers.
One handled Fusilier Guards in
L fatigue dress.

I One hundred Fusilier Guards
I in full dre^a,

<♦ Band of the Grenadier Guards,
Two hundred Grenadier Guards.
Life Guards.
The proceaaion wound its way at
a comparatively raj»id rate through
the Harrow Koad, down the Edge-
ware Iload, to Tyburn Gate, thence
flown Park Lane, round the Duchess
of Gloucester's house, into Piceu-
dilly, and thence to the triumphal
arch, Hyde- Park Comer. The
whole line of procession was one
continuous throng of people, and
the reception of the st^ituo was
most enthusiastic. At the turning
into Piccadilly, where some appre-
hended a difficulty from the nar-
rownessof the street and the sharp-
ness of tho angle, a short delay
occurred, hut at lialf-past one
o'clock the statue arrived opposite
Apsley House, and then the cheers
were redoubled. At Apsley House
& distinguished party was asscm-
hled to witness the instaOotion of
this tribute to the prowess of the
noble proprietor : amongst them
were Her Majesty the Queen Bow-
ager^ the Princess of Fruasia,
Princess Mary, Prince George,
Vol, LXXXVIIL

^

^
^

Earl Howe, Countess of Westmore- '
land, Loi-d C. Wellesley^ ke.

The statue having been brought
opposite the scaffolding intended
for its elevation to the summit of
the arch, the horses were detached.
The labour of raising it to its posi-
tion on the top of the arch was de-
ferred to the foUowing day. It
was then found that the statue had
not hecn placed in the proper posi-
tion for hoisting ; to remedy this
ropes were attached to tho car-
riage, and the whole mass, weigh-
ing upwards of sijtty ton^, was
raised into the air f — a satisfactory
proof that the scalfolding (a beau-
tiful piece of construction) was
quite strong enough for its purpose.
On the second day the .statue waa
raised about fifty feet, and was left
during the night suspended in mid-
air: on the third day it was placed
in its position. Doubts have, how-
ever, arisen whether the site se-
lected is in accordance with correct
taste, or if it is, whether the statue
is not too large for the structure ;
and it is understood that it ia to he
removed.

OCTOBER.

L Form of Prayer ix this
Time of Scarcity, — ^Pursuant to
the Order in Council, the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury has issued
the following Form of Prayer to
Almighty God for relief from the
dearth and scarcity now existing
in parts of the L^nited Kingdom,
owing to the failure of some of tho
crops of the present year ; to ho
rend in all Churches and Chapels
of England and Wales, on Sunday
the 11th of October and two fol-
lowing Sundays, humediately be-
fore the Litany ; or when the Li-

J

146

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[18411

tADj bIiaII not be rv^^ before tbe
Pnjer for all Conditions of Men.

A Form of Prater to Almightt
God.

** 0 God, at whose bidding the
eartli, which sostaineth the Gfe of
ipan, hath withholden in parts of
these islands the wonted pronsion
of food, and turned abondance into
Bearcitj, withdraw, we beseech
Thee, the judgment of which we
are justly afraid, that the poor
petish not by famine.

«' We acknowledge, 0 Lord, that
bj our strifes and divisions, misuse
ii Thj gifts, and forgetfuhiess of
Thj manifold mercies, we hare
justly desenred punishment. We
hare sinned ; we have grievously
Binned against Thee. Yet know-
ing that Thou art full of com-
passion, we beseech Thee to pardon
the offences of Thy people, to re-
lieve the poor and the needy in
their present necessities, and to
give and preserve to our use the
Suits of the earth in all its seasons.

** But whatsoever may be Thy
pleasure concerning us, give us
grace to receive Thy dispensations,
whether of judgment or mercy,
with entire submission to Thy will ;
endeavouring to abate Thy dis-
pleasure by repentance, and show-
ing forth our sense of Thy good-
ness by faithfnlly keeping Thy
commandments.

" Of ourselves we arc unable
either to will or to do that which
IB acceptable in Thy sight. Wc
therefore pray Thee so to open
oor hearts to the influences of Thy
|(Ood Spirit, that, showing com-
passion ftnd mercy each man to his
neighbour, and beanng the burdens
0|ie of another, ^- ' obtain of
Bit favour th« r wants,

' tad with he 4ier in

tadtheriyloT fThy

bounties in peace and conteiit-
ment, to the honour and praise c^
Thy name, through Jesus Christ our
Lord. — Amen.*'

— Borneo. — Despatches hare
been published containing the
accounts of the op^^tions of
the squadron, under Sir Thomas
Cochrane, against the Sultan of
Borneo, in the month of July.

The Admiral was accompanied
by Mr. Brooke, the English gen-
tleman who has received investi-
ture of the government or sove-
reignty of Sarawak from the na-
tive princes. The squadron sailed
up a fine river to Bruue, the capi-
tal of the country. On approach-
ing Pulo Bungore five forts opened
to view, admirably placed for de-
nying a passage beyond them ; two
were erected on the right hand,
one on the left shore over the
narrow, formed by Pulo Bungore
and the main, and the largest of
the whole on the side of a hill,
elevated about 100 feet, (imme-
diately in front of the narrows,)
and which sand-banks compel you
to stand directly for and to pass
within from seventy to eighty
yards ; the fifth battery was fur-
ther up the river, on the same
side. Besides these forts there
was a heavy battery a Jleur d^eau,
which was found to consist of
eight brass and two iron guns,
from sixty-eight to nine-pounders ;
another upon the heights, imme-
diately above it, of four guns,
nine and six-pounders ; and four
more upon another height, com-
manding the latter, and 100 yards
in the rear of it. All these forts
and batteries were carried in the
course of the day ; and the guns,
thirty-eight in number, were spik-
ed or carried off. A quantity of
ammunition of all kinds was de-
stroyed, and the forts were burnt.

»

The loss on our sido amoiinte<l to
tiro men killed and seven wounded.
The Sultan fled into the interior,
attended, it wns said^ hy a large
hod J of men and several guns.
An exptnlition, consisting of eight
hoftts, carrying 472 men, under
command of Captain Mundy, of
the Ms, was sent into the interior
to capture the Sultan. After six
days of intense exertion it returned
without having effected its purpose,
hut not without having destroyed
a great (Quantity of arrua, ammu-
nition, and valuable property, he-
longing to the Sultan and to his
illegitimate son, Hadji Ilassim,
the man who had instigated him
to the murder of Muda Ilassiu^,
Bndruddeen, and their families.
This man had married the daugh-
ter of Pangeran Usop, a notorious
pirate, whom Admiral Cochrane
attacked last year at the Sultanas
ppecial desire, and drove from the
city, and who was Bubsequently
put to death hy Budrnddcen, in
consequence of an attack he made
on the city after the Admiral's
departure. Hadji Has»im, partak-
ing of \m father-in-law's hostility
to the English and disposition to
piracy, as well as deejdy resent-
ing his fall, had exercised the very
great influence he had over the
iniml of the Sultan, and in con-
junction with a very clever and
artful man, named lladgi Samoad,
had at last brought his Highness
to consent to this deed of revenge.
Mr* Brooke accompanied Captain
Mnndy on his expedition. Great
care was taken to spare the houses
and property not connected with
the Sultan.

The Admiral now managed to
open a comnrunication with the
nohlos of Brune, who were friendly
to the English. The Sultan hav-
ing fled, and there bcijig, in fact.

no government, they were imrited
to come to some determination for i
the future ; but they appeared to
ho entirely paralysed. The mas. j
sacre had been of that sweeping |
character as to cut off every man
of weight or intelligence, and to
leave the survivors in an irrevoea-
blc state of helplessness and dismay*

After a stay of some days,
as the native government did not
choose to reappear, the squadron
departed.

— DisnraBANCES in Ireland.
— The total failure of the potato
erop and the utter deficiency of any
other means of support have pro-
duced, besides starvation, miserj^
and disease, the usual concomi-
tants, violence and insubordination.
The newspapers teem with reports
of outrages in all parts of the
south of Ireland. At Clashmore,
near Yougbah a dangerous out-
break occurred. Lord Stuart de
Decies and other magistrates had
assembled at an extraordinary As-
sessment Sessions for the purpose
of voting many thousand pounds
to be expended in works for the
relief of the distress, when the
Sessions House was surrounded by
a mad mob, who demanded food,
and attempted to dictate the rato
of wages whicli should be paid.
Lord Stuart and others of their
proposed benefactors barely escap-
ed without injury by the timely
arrival of a troop of Ilussaris,
who were attacketl by the mob,
and some of their horses injured ;
a few of the mob received sahro
cuts. At Youghal the populace
proceeded to such violence that a
large detachment of marines, artil-
lery, and seamen were despatched
to the protection of the town ; but
several mills, corn stores, fanners*
houses, <kc., were plundered. At
Dunganan a mob of from 10,000

L 2

us

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

to 12,>!h» peoplo atubeked and
phmdered the baken* »liop«, mOb,
and stores ; a troop of drafiroons,
wludi had been despatched for the
protection of the town, were ^
sererelj attacked that thej were
eompcUed to fire, and manj of the
mob were wounded. At Kilworth.
Castle Martyr, Fermov, Crooni,
and manj other places similar
outrages oecarred ; and the ac-
counts of the distressed condition
of the people throoghont the coun-
try were dreadful. Large stores
of Indian meal and other foods
hare been poored into the countrr,
and sent bj Government ^team-
Tcsaels to those points where des-
titution is * most preralent ; large
omns hare been Toted for emploj-
ment on works at wages from 1#.
to If. 6d. per da J t the ordinary
rate being cd. or lOd.), and eyerr
effort is making to remedy the
distress as far as lies in human
power. As an example of the li-
beral or rather reckless manner in
which money is voted foe public
works, a statement showing the
sums presented, and the Ordnance
Talnation of lands in each barony
of the county of Mayo has been
published : —

Ordnsnce Sum

Taluation. pretcfited

Cam £99A56 ...^5»330

Burriihoole . 22,597 ... 80,000

Murrisk 16,067 ... 82,000

Clanmorm... 92,656 ... 24^558

Erri* 11,741 ... 6.464

Tyiawly 59,386 ... 23.210

Gallen 34,158 ... 16.980

Coitello 27,967 ... 40,007

Kilmain 49,534 ... 54^97

je29S,282 £403.466
Thus it appears that more than
a year's raloe of the whole county
luia been Toted for " unproductive
iroikB,*' 'mr years* value of

one h of another arc

— Food Riots dt Fbascb. —
Continued riots of a aerioaa cha-
racter, if not of themsehres aerioos,
have occnrred in France, caused
by the prevailing soarcitj of food.
At Paris there had been some
distarbances, and a barrier was
erected in the Fauxboorg St
Antoine, which was destroyed
without resi-stance from the Mu-
nicipal Guard. On the evening
of the 1st instant the rioting in
the Fauxbourg St. Antoine was
renewed. But troops of Infantry
and Cavalry, which had been as-
sembled at an earij honr on the
Place de la Bastile, advanced into
the Fauxbourg, and in a moment
the streets were cleared, no resist-
ance having been opposed to the
troops. The multitnde again as-
sembled in the Rue de Charenton,
where they cut the ropes bj which
the lamps which light the streets
are suspended, and next proceeded
to break the windows of the bakers'
shops. They tried to stop some
carriages and to form barricades,
but the troops arrived in time
to prevent them, and dispersed
the crowd without much trouble.
The disturbances recommenced on
the Friday ; but the Municipal
Guard drove away the rioter?,
after capturing several of them.
On Saturday evening another ef-
fort was made to barricade some
of the streets by upsetting om-
nibuses and carts, but the gens-
d'armes succeeded in preventing
it.

Similar outbreaks have taken
place in other parts of France, ac-
companied by frightful acts of in-
cendiarism, agricultural outrages,
and robberies by armed bands.
In other parts of the Continent
also like outrages, caused by liko
scarcity and deprivation, have oc-
curred.

OCT.]

C H R 0 N I C L E.

149

2. In^qitest on the Baron pe
Bode, — A coroner's inquest was
liekl at No. J 8, Grove End Roail,
SSt. Jobn*s Wood, (the residence
of the tleeeased») on the body of
d<*moiit Josepli Flulij> Pen do Bode,
Baron of the Holy Roman Empire,
who died Huddcnly on Friday, the
2nd instant.

Eather Righy, a servant of the
deceased, deposed to having at-
tended on her master in his bed-
room, he having been unwell for
f Jteic days, when be seemed in
thu same state of hcaltli as he
had been ; Init that on the hell
being run^ fm'iously, she found
him insensible in bin chiur» and
that he died in a few minutes,

Mr. Augustas Wilkins, son of
the deceased, was then examined*
He deposed, — I reside at Wheat-
stone, but live here as frequently
as at my own house. 1 have been
stxvjnng here for the last month.
My father has, within that tmie,
been more unwell than be was pre-
viously, lie has frequently eom-
jdained of violent pains in the chest
within the last fortnight, lie was
Tisited by Dr. Epps, who lias at-
tended him constantly for nearly
six years. My father was under
the btmia^opathie treatmenti which
worked wonderfully upon hjiiu
Dr. Epps saw my father when
he made his usual visit in the
middle of the day on Friday. I
holieve Dr. Epps bad not seen him
for three days before. My father
had been so much better that Dr.
Epps's attendance was not con-
sidered necessary. Dr. Epps pre-
scribed for my father on Friilay,
but my father bad not taken the
medicine before be died. I gene-
rally prepared the meflieiiie myself.
J[y fatlier was not visited hy any
other metlical j^entleman besides
Dr. Epps. I did not reconnnend

my fatlier to take any other nio-
dieal advice, because his health
was improving. My brotlier and I
were out in the carriage on Friday,
and wlien we returned 1 went to
my father, who was in bis bed-
room eating bis supper* whieh con-
si.sted of stewed prunes. IIo then
seemed in high glee. 1 had not
seen him in better spirits for years.
When he had eaten about half tho
prunes be put bis hand to bis eyes,
and complained of a tremendous
Btabbing about his forehead. lie
then finished bis supper, and said,
*' These prunt*s have been very
rich; give me a glass of water."
1 bnnded him a glass of water,
and be just put it to his lips,
and immediately expired. I bad
scarcely time to get round to \m
chair to prevent him from falling
upon the floor, lie suffered only
one convulsion, during which ho
said, *' I'm gone/* I tohl my
brother, who was sitting opposite
my father, to run for Dr. 8bute.
It was not possible that my father
could have taken anything impro-
per without my seeing it. lie had
never threatened to destroy him-
self.

The Coroner.- — Had he ever said
he was tired of hts life ?

Witness. — I don*t wish to allude
to those matters; but be has said
sometimes, when the Government
have baffled bim in some way,
*'Well, I am tired of life. '^

The Coroner. — I only ask such
ft queiition to ascertain whether he
bad contemplated suicide.

Witness. — Certainly not. He
was the last person in the world
to entertain aueb a thought. I
am convinced be had not au idea
of such a thing, lie was highly
sensitive to impressions upon his
feelings. There had been of late
a change in his manner for the

A

150

ANNUAL REGISTER. [18M

better. The papers hare taken
op hit case so kindly that it had
giTen him hetter hopes.

The Coroner. — There was an
artiele in Hie Times, of Tuesday,
which spoke of the Baron as a very
ill-osed man. That was gratifybg
to him?

Witness. — ^Very gratifying. In
hcif ho said to Dr. Epps and Mr.
Langslow, on that day, — " I am
perfectly easy and perfectly happy
about my ease. I believe now it
is in good train for being settled."
I had never heard him say such a
thing before.

The Coroner. — ^Was he aware,
some days before his death, that
his affairs bore such a favourable
aspect?

The Witness. — The article ap-
peered in The Time$ on Tues-

Dr. Shute, of No. 2, Wellington
Bead, St. John's Wood, said,— I
never visited the deceased gentle-
man during his life. I was called
in to attend him on Friday evening,
but when I arrived he was quite
dead. I have every reason to
believe the statements made by
the witnesses previously examined
are perfectly true. There were no
marks of injury on the body of the
deceased. There was nothing to
lead mo to suppose that he had
taken poison. Dr. Shute then
described the appearances which
were presented on a post mortem
examination ; and attributed the
death to extensive ossification of
the heart and the adjoining arte-
ries.

The Coroner. — ^You have heard
that the deceased had been much
gratified, not to say excited, by
ita which had lately occurred.
yott trace the mortal change
la effsal «f those events upon
If I jrou think if he

had lived for aome time that his
death might have ocourred under
ordinary cireimiataiicea ?

Witness. — Yes. Whenever a
spasm seised him he might have
died in a moment.

Dr. Epps sidd, — ^the deceased
had so much improved imder his
treatment, that he had t<dd hia
he might venture out for a ride.
On Tuesday week the deceased
Baron was decidedly in a dan-
gerous state, from affeetiou of the
heart and chest. I did not at all
anticipate his death at this time,
except from any sudden excitement.
The nature of his malady for the
last five years has been cuaease of
the heart and tendency to apoplexy^
resulting from the terrible excite-
ment he had undergone. I have
been expecting for some time to
be called upon to attend him for
apoplectic symptoms. I knew that
if any sudden excitement came
upon him it would be dangerous,
and I dreaded his success more
than his failure.

The Deputy-Coroner then pro-
ceeded briefly to address the Jury.
He said this appeared to be a very
simple case. Sudden deaths from
disease of the heart were not at all
rare in this country, and appeared
of lato to have been on the inerease.
In this case there could be no doubt
that the Baron de Bode had died
from natural disease. It was doubt-
ful, however, whether the exhilarat-
ing effect of what had been named
had aught to do with increasing his
disease, and bringing it to a fiital
termination. He thought the only
verdict they could return was that
the deeeased had died from natural
causes.

A Juror. — Or from the erueltj
of Government.

The Deputy-Coroner.^-But wa
can't send the Govenmieiit to th«

I

^

Old Bailcj, Sir ! Tlie GoTornment
id at prosent at the bar of public
oplnioiu You maj append to the
verdict aiij cxpreFstous of opiniun
that you please, but I cairt um-
hodj it ill the iDquisitioii, because
you are not prepared to ^ay that
iiQj particular jiersou, whether the
Attorney-Cieneral or any other in-
dividualj had anjth'mg to do with
the Baron's death.

The Jury tlien, after cou suiting
a few nioiueuts, returned a una-
nimous verdict of "Natural Death j
aud thai the deceased *s death was
hastened by excitement of inind,
consequent upou the state of his
affairs/'

The Baron was in hiii sixty-nrnth
year.

5, McRBER AT Little Benton,
— A fatal affray, showing the
brutal character t>f the class of
labourers called *' navvies/^ i. e.
** uavigatora," took plaeo on tho
line now iu construction from New-
castle to Berwick. It appears that
two carterji were engaged in con-
veying empty waggons from tho
railway along the coach-road to
Long Benton, when they met two
** navvies/' who had been at work
on the railway near Caniperdown,
but bad been dischar^ijed that morn-
ing, and were on their way to New-
castle. On meeting the "navvies "
the horseis in the leading cart shied
a little, and brought tlic cart near
to the side of the road, when oue
of the "navvies/' being irritated
at having the road taken from liim,
as he supposed, intentionally, com-
menced beating the carter over the
heuf] with a thick stick which he
had in his hand. Mood soon fullow-
ing the blows. The carter otfered
110 resistance, but threatened to
have the men taken up, and when
they went away he left his cart,
and followed them down the h\nc.

It being not far from the residence
of Captain Potts, of Benton Park,
a county magistrate, the other
carter went there to get assistance,
and the man wlio had been struck
k ept foil o wing t h e ' ' na v vi eg/' T he
hitter had proceeded nearly a mile
along tho road when he met Cap-
tain Potts^ to whom he stated tho
ease, and as the " navviea '* were
hut a short distance ahead, the
captain and the carter went on and
soon overtook them. The ** nav-
vies ^' had gone by a footpath
leading thi'ough the fields to Byker,
and they were overtaken before
they had got through the first
field. Captain Potts remonstrated
with tho men on the brutality of
their conduct in striking the carter
in the way they hml done, and
while he was doing so, George
Mathewsj one of the " navvies,"
suddenly pushed Captain Potis
aside, and .struck the carter a
heavy blow in the abdomen, on the

left side, saying, **There, yo b ,

take tliat and die/* The "navvies' *
then ran otf, leaving the captain
and the carter, the latter of whom
stood motionless on the footpath ;
on the captain going up to him the
poor follow said, *' Look at my
hoots/' atid on the captain look-
ing downwards he saw the blood
flowing in a copious stream from
the left !eg of the trousers on to
the gronmj. lie immeiliately shout-
ed to some labourers who were at
work in another part of the .same
field, and on their coming up ihey
hvid the carter down on the grass
by tho road-side, and he expired
almost instantly, having hied to
death in less than three minutes.
Captain Potts having procured
other assistanee, gave ehase to the
"navvies, ' ' who separated after they
had gone about half a mile from
the place. They were both taken*

4
I

152

ANNUAL REGISTER.

118*6

At a coroner's inquest the aboTO
facts were deposed to, and the sur-
geon stated, that on examining the
body of the deceased he found a
wound on the inside of the left
thigh, nearly in the groin. It was
two inches and a half long, one inch
and a half in depth, and three-
quarters of an inch wide. It ap-
peared to have been made by a
plunge and a rush upwards. The
femoral artery was transfixed and
lacerated upwards nearly an inch,
and the vein had also been opened.
Death was caused by the loss of
blood consequent on that wound.
The animal life would be extinct in
a few seconds. A penknife is an
instrument that would make such
a wound.

The jury retiuned a verdict of
" Wilful murder ; George Mathews
as principal, and John Hughes as
accessary.'* They were tried at
the Spring Assizes, when Ma-
thews was found guilty, sentenced
to death, and executed Hughes
was acquitted.

9. Fire akd Loss of Life. —
A fire broke out, about nine
o'clock at night, upon the premises
of Mr. John Sharp, a printer and
bookseller, 30, Kent Street, St.
George's, South wark. It appears
that Mr. Sharp has lately been em-
ployed in manufacturing fireworks,
and the explosion of some of the
combustible matter used in that
business caused the terrible dis-
aster. Whilst some of the neigh-
bours were passing the building, the
major part of the shop-front was
hurled into the street with fearful
violence. It was then perceived
that the shop and its contents were
wrapped in one broad sheet of
flame. • rsons immcdi-

mtaly t^^ ^^ buckets of

"^vter 'arged upon

• I VhilBt the

neighbours were directed towards
saying the premises, Mr. Sharp re-
turned, when his attention was in-
stantly attracted by hearing violent
screams proceeding from some por-
tions of the house. He forced his
way through the dense mass of
smoke that was issuing forth, and
in the back parlour he found two
of his children almost suffocated.
With considerable exertion he suc-
ceeded in getting them out, but
not before one was terribly injured.
The fire-engines speedily arrived,
and the flames being subdued, Mr.
Henderson, the foreman, went in,
and whilst he was examining the
shelves at the rear of the counter,
he discovered what he at first
thought was a "dummy," used in
setting out the shop, but, upon
taking a light in, it was ascertained
to be the body of a human Hbemg.
It proved to be the body of the
eldest daughter of the proprietor,
Ellen Sharp, aged 19. It appears
that when her father went out she
was sitting behind the counter, at-
tending to the shop, and must
have been burnt to death by the
explosion.

10. Civil War in Geneva. —
The city of Geneva has been the
theatre of a civil contest, which
seems to have originated from the
same principles as those which led
to the civil war in Lucerne. It
seems that Lucerne and the other
six Roman Catholic Cantons had
joined in a league to secure the
right of the majority in those can-
tons to carry out their own views
of policy. The Protestant Cantons
took steps to oppose the league, as
an illegal encroachment on the ge-
neral confederation ; and the ques-
tion came in due course before the
Grand Council of Geneva. The
Council voted against the league,
but accompanied its vote with

OCT.}

CHRONICLE.

153

»

certain stipulfttions for tlie niain-
tt^Tiniieo of ''public order." The
Radical parly Lad expected an
imqtialitit'd rule of hostility to the
league, and as soon as tlie result
was known lliey began to organjjie
an insurrection agaiust the tem-
porising Guverumeut, and threw
up barricftdes in tlie Fan.^bourg of
St. Gervais.

On the inorning of tbe 7th, the
militia proceeded to fttorni these
harrieades, whieh it elfceted after
hiiving fired aliout 2UU canuon-
Bhots. After the iir.st .succckp, it
was necessary to occupy the suburb;
this was attempted at two places,
but when the militia reachcil the
entrance of the Buburb it was re-
ceived with a most destructive fii*c
from the windows of all tbc liousea.
The mihtia behaved in the most
gallant manner ; the comma nding-
ofKccrs faced the fire at the Jiead
of their troup}^^ and only retreated
and crossed tlie bridges again when
they Imd almos^t all heeu wounded
mid disabled. They remained, ue-
vcrtheless^ in possesniun of the
lower town and of the Rhone ; and
the insuiTcction was still confined
in 8t. Gci'vaiH. During the night
the iuHitrgeiits ^et fire to tlie bridges.
The population of the lower town
bemg tben in danger, rose in its
turn, and deebired for the insurrec-
tion. At the same time the Radi-
enls from the Canton of Vaud were
arriving to nssi.st tlie iniiiirgonts.
The militia being thus threatened
on every side, gave way and yielded;
and the State Council resigned in
a body. In the evening the niaga-
y.inea and the principal public esta-
blishments were in the power of
thci insurgents, who iinmediately
established a temporary govern-
ment. The leading oiHcers of tlio
militia were killed in their attempt
to pretervo order ; and seme of the

first families in Geneva bad loesea
to deplore.

The insurgents having thus got
the upper hand, proceeded to or-
ganize a Provisional Government.
No jiredatory outrages occurred
during this movement,

— FimuEn Notes, ^ — At tlie Po-
lice Court, Guildhall, Mr. Job, ti
stationer in Bread Street, charged
Mr, Freeman, one of the inspectors*
of forged notes at the Bank of
England, with detaining a aheet of
paper, his property. It appeared
in the course of the investigatitui,
that Mr, Job had manufactured a
(|UAntity of paper for Colonel Tliom-
tun, who a few weeks wince de-
stroyed himself while in the cus-
tody of the police, charged with
uttering forged Bank notes. (See
p, 13L) Tlio paper had a waved
water-mark similar to that in real
bfiiik notes, and was used by
Thornton in producing the spurious
notes. It having bpen fnund that
Mr. Job made this paper, the Bank
authorities applied to him : he had
detained one hheet for his specimen-
book; this the ofhcials boiTowed of
him, and then refused to return it,
and hence tliia charge. Mr. Fresh -
field, the Bank solicitor, stated,
that Mr. Job liad niiule him sol f
liable lo fourteen years' transporta-
tion by manufacturing the paper ;
a clause in an Act of Parliament
attaching that penalty to the mak-
ing of pupur with a waved water-
mark similar to that used by the
Jiank. It having been apparent
that Mr. Job had acted inadvert-
ently, no proceetlings were taken
against him ; but the sheet waa
detained. Paper had been manu-
factured snfKeient for ten thou sand
notes ; this i|unntity of paper bad
been stopped at Alexandria, on its
way to Cairo, in wbieb city Thorn-
ton had an establi^^hmeut. Had the

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A ':■■:: h.:WiPr. in a'Ul::i«.n to her
y-.i:":>r, l-r.ko aJrirt : had she
b'V.n i: lLo tjiurtor. the Bonine»f
wri::l.l iiave suia*hod her.

•• Tlic r-y \vit lor Vera Cruz
at four o'chxk r. M. the previous
dav. and mii«t have been, at least,
12*» mih's to the westward before
the heaviest sirenijih of the gale ;
and from the eircumstaDce of a
Bremen brig having arrived on thts
12th from the westward without
experiencing the gale so violently*

OCT.]

C H R O N I C L E.

153

1 do not think tho slightest fear
may Im entjertainetl for lier safety.
Tho Lee sail<?d for Hotiduras oti
the 8th.

*♦ I delayed sailing from Ha-
vanuah until tho muriimg of tho
13th, at the urgent request of Her
Maj OS ty ' s C o usul- G en e r al , a iid wi th
the perfect coocurreiice (iii writiiig)
of the Adaiirally agent » ti> eiiablo
the niereharits to add to tlieir
European correspondence. In this
I feel satisfied that the Court uf
Bireetors rill bear me out, tho
more so as we left Bermuda iit tho
proper time,

** I herewith inclose a list of
ciisualties to tlve shipping, and also
the Havammh newspaper of the
12th.

** I trujjtt I shall be excused in
stating how much I Iiad reason to
ho pleaded with the exertionii of
every oftiecr ftOfl man on hoard
during the moat anxious day of
my life ; there was much Iieavy
and wet work in ranging every
fathom of cable, ami getting tbe
third anchor ready for letting go ;
in all this every ono most cbeer-
fully lent a willing hand.— I am,
Sir, your obedient servant,

»* PttiL. Hast, Captain."
" Captain Chappell, R,N."

The following is a list of the
\ men-of-war and merchantmen, tlicu
lying in tbe barbour, tbat were
wrecked or damaged :—

Andromede frigate, GU guns,
Admiral La Place — on i*hore, top-
masts gone.

Blonde corvette, 24 guns — masts
gone, ashore on lier beam ends.

Tolmere steamer, 10 gtms —
tuaata and funnel gone.

Spanish.

Brig Ilabanero, Admiral Rib era's
flag on bnard — slightly damaged.

Brig Cunstitution, 12 guns —
sunk.

Brig Laborde^ — wrecked.

Brig Nc IT ion— damaged.

Brig Tatriota — damaged.

Polka scbooncr^sunk.

Criolli schooner- — ^Siuik.

Infanta scbooner—ashore.

Mow tcz uma steamer — asb o re .

Guadalonpo stean^or — ashore,

Bazan ateamer — ashore.

Satehie steamer — ashore.

Two passage steamers —
wrecked.

Brig Truono (quarantine) — lost,

TOTAL.

Sixty-three foreign merchant-
men.

Nine Enghsh ditto.

Fourttten Spanish men-of-war.

Three French ditto.

Tho town, and particuliirly tbe
suburbs^ suffered great damage.
Upwards of a hundred persons po-
risbed by the falling of houses and
(»tber accidents. The bnrricane
did not extend any great distance
around tbe city. In the heigbt of
the gale, the barometer was down
to 27.70 ; in the hurricane of
1844 it was 28.42.

12, EXTIUOUDlNAliY OCCUR-

UENCE IN A Railway CAiuuAaE. — A
Mr. Parker^ of Sydenbam, was tra-
velling by the mail-train from Derby
to London, on Monday last ; and
his only companion in tbe eatriago
was & gentlemanly man, about
thirty, Thia person began to ram-
ble in his lnng\iage, and eventually
was seized with a fit of raving mad-
ness, lie prayed terveotly — de-
ebred a railway engine tbat passed
to be kell — stripped himself naked

156

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

— tbrust his head through the win-
dow, cutting his head and neck
with the glass, and then com-
menced a most outrageous assault
upon Mr. Parker, who was very se-
verely injured — and then returned
to prayers. Mr. Parker called in
vain for aid ; and ultimately escaped
by the dangerous means of scram-
bling into the next carriage ;
where he found another passenger,
who helped him in. The madman
tried to follow ; but the two sane
gentlemen succeeded in keeping
him out ; and the unfortunate man
threw himself off the train ; and
he was last seen near the Watford
station, running naked by the side
of the road. Frequent and un-
availing appeals were made to the
guard for assistance, stating that
a gentleman was dying : and the
reply was, that being after their
time, they could not stop, as the
Manchester train was close behind
them.

The sequel of this extraordi-
nary affair was as follows : — At an
early hour, as some labourers in the
employ of Mr. Edward Salter,
farmer of Netting Barns Farm,
situated about midway between
Netting Hill and the General Ceme-
tery at Kensal Green, were going
to their work in the fields, they
saw a man in a state of nudity with
the exception of a pair of trousers
and a pair of iine cotton socks,
covered with mud, dirt, and blood,
come over a hedge into one of Mr.
Salter's fields, from a swamp
through which he had crawled,
near the Great Western Railway.
The labourer*" *^im he was

trespassing. "> must go

back, upor me much

excited, ai nting to

enforce th "lecamo

80 violent ' of the

labourers to secure him ; and so
convinced were they that he was
an escaped lunatic that thej bound
his arms securely with strong cords
to prevent him doing himself or
others further mischief, and then
handed him over to the police, by
whom he was conveyed to the
Kensington workhouse. Mr. Black-
well, the master, directed the un-
fortunate man to be taken out of
the cart, ahd conveyed into the
insane ward of the workhouse ; the
cords by which he was bound were
then removed, and a strait waist-
coat put on. Mr. Guazzaroni, the
medical officer of the workhouse,
was then sent for to examine his
state and condition, and in the in-
terim efforts were made to cleanse
him from the dirt and mud with
which he was covered, which was
found to be a most difficult task,
as while doing so it was discovered
that his arms and other parts of
his body had numerous lacerated
wounds, into which the mud, <kc.,
was so grouted that they could
with great difficulty be cleansed.
He gave no account as to how he
got into the wretched plight in
which he was ; but on being ques-
tioned as to his name and where he
had come from, he stated that his
name was Osborne Markham,
and that his apartments were at
No. 94r, Mount Street, Berkeley
Square. A messenger was imme-
diately despatched to Mount Street
to ascertain the truth of that state-
ment, and on his going to No. 94,
Mount Street, he found that Mr.
Markham Osborne lived there, and
that that gentleman had been ex-
pected home on the previous even-
ing from a shooting excm-sion at
the Marquis of Bute's ; that he had
come up on the previous evening in
a first-class carriage of the mail

OCT,]

CHRONICLE.

167

! train on tlje North-Wcsiern Rail-
way, lib mftn servant being in a se-
cond-class carriage ; and that on
the arrival of tlie train at the tprcit-
nas the servant on goin^ to the car-
riage in which hia master liad sat,
ftinnd it empt}', and his master^s
clothes, with tlie t'xception of hia
trousers and socli^, with his gfold
watch, ntc.^ lyinjif on the seat; that
in eonscfjuenoc it was thought that
the nnfortnnatc gentleman had cast
himsflf froEi the train <3uring its
progress, and his friend^! had been
in active search after him during
the night, Mr* Guazzaroui^ on
making a minuter examination of
the woundi*, finnid thero was one
at the baelv of the head of rather
a serious character, and also two
severe lacerated cuts on the left
nrm, just ahove the elbow, one of
which extended to the hone. So
numerous were the wounds that
Mr. Guastzaroni was cngfigcd in at-
tendance on hini» and in dre.Hriing
the cuts, until four o'clock in the
afternoon.

It appeared that the unfor-
tunate gentleman was labouring
under a sudden attack of brain fe-
ver, from which, after a dangerous
illness, he ultimately recovered ;
his frenzy was entirely owing to
disease, and not at all to mental
alienation. Mr. Markham is very
highly connected.

J 3, Explosion at Newcastle.
— An cvtraorilinary explosion oc-
curred at the Walker Iron-works,
on the river Tyne, near Newcastle.
A quantity of foul air had by some
unknown means been generated in
the air-pipes employed in the fur-
nace-hlarit ; this air escaped into
some closets into the Imildiug, and
accumulated there ; a man and a
boy who entered the place were
^^ suffocated, and another narrowly
^B escaped death, On this occurrence,

search was made to ascertain
whence the deleterious gas pro-
ceeded. There was a vast cham^
her erected for the purpose of keep-
ing up a continuous blast, a con-
stant supply at a high pressure
being forced into it by an air-pump;
the air in this chamber had he-
civme fold — pn*bahly from gas
generated in the furnaces ; a plug
in one of the air-ptpes had come
out, and the foul air bad poured
through the opening. Two men
procectled to inspect the reservoir;
they opened a mandiole, and one of
them. Robert Rogers, was in the
act of looking in, when a tremen-
dous explosion occurred : the reser-
voir was shattered in fragments,
Itogers was thrown into the air and
killed, being Uterally shattered to
pieces, atid the other man was hurt.
Great damage was done to the pre-
mises, and hundreds of windows in
the neighhourhood were broken.
A workman *s leg was fractured by
a piece of iron which struck him,
Rogers and his companion had no
light ; the explosion is stippoaed to
have been eau.sed by the lire in the
furnaces.

An inquest was held on the
bodies of the three deceased, when
the jury returned a verdict of
** Accidental death.''

20. SlNCtULAK BmiGLARy,^ — A
robbery under singular cirenm-
stanecii has been committed at
Ealing, Hester Elizabeth White,
a woman in her twenty-third year,
was acquainted Avith a female ser-
vant at Mr. Jones's, Woodland Cot-
tages. Elding, Being admitted to
pay a visit to the sen^ant, she
appears to have then resolved to
rob the house. During the even-
ing, she furtively unpinned the bar
of the **hutter of the kitchen-win-
dow, so that it might ho opened
from without ; she alflo managed to

Ia>

ANNUAL REGISTER. [1846

.... ^ - T -^ _

^ '»^::- sis

;\- . ::.-. ^-

1 V

^.» /, ^ , .i.',v ■.■■■ >,■ " ,; Vtv v.^V.:
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^ / ■ '. . [ .; \ '^ ,i ; ,' : w ,'. • <.": v. > *.: o w .i> s: •.' :
* » '^ .» v' \ 1 ■ .i .>; ,x; ,; ^- ./••,:•:: o ti ! ro iii i r. o

'iUo v-om'.v-i:.a ilio rvliK-ry, that
-.^o \\.i>i >o!it t.» ilu" iiitinnarv of
\\\c Wo>i'.tun^ior l>riilowoll, until
'.ho >hv»uM lu« sutHviomly rocovcred
to u»ulor^o ail examination. She
vfrt^ trioil in Xuvonihcr, found
ijuilty of Uircony, and sont<Tic(d to
t^olvo m'- 'mprisonment witli

-V^- *. — Ann Lin-

ncr ^'^ ' rc-exaniina-

\hi\ at treet Police

Ortiots ring caused

[

the death of an Irish labourer
named Daniel Crawley, by sUb-
l»inff him with a knife. The pri-
f-oner is the wife of a German
eating-boose keeper, in Keate
Stroet. Spitalfields, and was aerr-
ixii; castumors in the shop, abont
tk'ven o'clock at night, when the
d-:vea?eil entered the shop, and re-
c -e?:ed to be served with a quarter
vf a j-.und of meat, which an attcnd-
Lr: supplied to him, and told him it
c:.mv to twopence halfpenny. The
d'-oxif^d offered twopence, saying
th&: ho had no more, and the at-
to-iant banded the money to the
T--">vr»or. who objected to receive
::. i* i; was a halfpenny short of
:>. ■: T rice. T he decea sed , however,
::-.>:? Ttfd upon having the meat for
:ho r.*..:.noy he had tendered, when
:l:o prisoner wrapped it up in some
r. and. placing it on a shelf
*-:.": ::d hor, called the prisoner a
V'ivkTtiaTxi and tiild him to leave
the shop. a> she did not want his
i'.:<:.^r.:. Durinj this altercation
;\r..:V.tr man entered and likewise
vi-/.:c-il f:r some meat, which
tho Trisor.or was in the act of
ov.:::: .: :*vr l::m. when the deceased,
^V.o Wi»> loaning forward upon the
oou7.:or ^i;li his head resting upon
l.is :ir:i. ci.iniiuuodhis importmiity,
ikvA I he prisoner, who was much
oxoitod. suddenly seize<l a large
cutting knifo. and exclaiming.
•• Thoro YOU — , that's your half-
iK.nny worth !** stabbed him in the
breast with it. The prisoner in-
stantly flung the knife out of her
hand upon the floor beyond the
counter, and the deceased, who
screamed out ** Oh I I am stabbed
to the heart, savv mo, save me!"
and who tightly grasped his side with
both his hands, through the fingera
of which the blood was flowing in
great profusion, was in the act of
reeling to the ground, when the at-

)CT.]

CHRONICLE.

159

tend ant eftmed liitn to a chair, in

-11 hid I he was Biq»ported until the

nival of the poike and n neigh-

otiring fiurgeoii. The surgeon at

knee pronounced the wound the dc-

I Ceased had received to he mortal,

ad directed hia immediate re-

Qoval to the London Hospital,

Irhere he lingered for nearly a

reek. The prii!^one^, who was

iTiown to the police as having

oraraittcd several offences, was

tried on the 29th October, and

Dund guilty of manslaughter.

23. FlOBiiKHY AND ATTEMPTED

iuRDER. — A rohbery attended by
ttnnsnal cireunj^tauees of prenicdi-
Ition and violence^ was com-
nittcd in the neighhonrhood of
rKnutfiford. Mr* M*Gill, a travel-
ling tea-nmni but residing in Man-
ihestcr^ having slept at Northwich,
proceeded to the W^indmill, at
rnldey, for the purpose of meet-
l«ln<r and dining with a person
aed Cannon* with wliom such
tlHeeting was a kind of standing
jjpointment. He had proceeded
fcg far as a place where a rivulet
rosses the road, and known as the
I** Waterless Brook/* when Imp-
fyening to turn his head, he per-
eived that he was clo^^ely followed
a man named Wright^ who
Ji!8i have sprung from some con-
DealmenL M'GUl knew Wright,
whii hud been clerk to hi*?, friend
Jannoin hut had robbed him and
ra» of disjsolute character, and
Key proceeded together to meet
Jannon at the Windmill. M*Ciill
eing the quickest walker stcpt in
ulvance, ami in a few paces crossed
jiti front of W right, and at tlie in-
tant of so doing he fell and be-
ldame insensible. On recovering his
Duses, M*nill found himself to
ave been shot in the back part of
\\e head, and bleeding profusely*
IWright was then upon him i ho

had wrested from him hi» stick,
and taken what silver and other J
money he had in his right hand"
trousers pocket, and was com-
manding him to deliver the gold
and noteK whieh he knew he had,
repeating the words, "I know yon
have both/* Wright then took
from M*Gi!rs left-lmnd trousers
pocket a purse, containing Bove-^l
reigns and notes, which with the
silver taken from the other pocket,
amounted to 82i. M*Ciill entreated i
the man, who was still upon him, I
to spare his life for tbe sake o( his
wife and small family. The man
then desisted from further attack
and allowed Mr. M*Gill to get up,
and made off— probably under the
apprehension that the report of the
pistol would bring some one to the
spot. Mr. M'Gill made his way
on wards » and shortly met with
several persons who assisted him
on his way to the public-house
wliere he was going ; parties were
sent in pursuit, and a messenger
to Knutsford for medical and other ,
assistance. In & short time Mr^|
Gleeson, surgeon, of Knutsford,
arrived, who found n perforation of
the skull at the back part of the
head, as if made by a buhet shot;
but whether the ball hnd rebounded,
or renmined lodged in the head,
coidd not then be ascertained-
There were also bruises on tlic fore-^
head, which it was tlmnght had
been oeeasinned by the act of falling
forward to the ground. M*Gill,
who had perfectly recovered his
senses, was removed to Manches-
tcr» Two officers of the coun
couHtabnlary, proceeded in traci
of Wright, They found he had
been met on the turn pike-road
whieh lay a mile or so in a
rection to the left of the snot in
question, going towards North wich,
and of one party he met, whom he

I9t AXXUAL REGISTER. [1846

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I

I

I unc

f for

ore

I 19t

, ATig

i Tara
■inlml

CHRONICLE.

103

— In ajdttjon to the calamitous
pcareity of food, and tbe eon-
0equent riots, iixccTidiarifltii, and
roMieries, of which the forei|^
journals speak from time to time,
France has been visited by in-
undations of a most fearful cha-
ier.

In the south it rained ineeesantl j
for three weeks ; and tlie rivers
Khone, Huveame, and Durance,
orerflowed their banks. On the
19th instant, the lower part of
Avignon was nnder water. At
Tarascon the Rhone hnd risen,
^m ike 18th, nearly twenty feet
e its usual level ; and the
kbitants appreh ended n reeur-
Vemwj of the di^astera of 1 840 :
tbe eommimication hetween Paris,
Lyons, Avignon, AlarseiJles^ and
ali the south -easteni re;>ion of
France^ was completely cut off by
tbe inundations. In th« valley of
tbe Loire the destruction \6 de-
0eribed as fearful ; the nmgnificeiit
idge over the Loire at ^Jrleans,
tbe viaduct connecting the Orleans
ttiid Vierzon Railway with the ter-
inus at that city, was swept away
by tlie resistless fury of the tor-
rent.

The accounts from Roaiine are
terrific, Notwitlistanding the un-
remitting exertions of the sappers
and miners to raise works against
;be encroachments of the Loire, it
arried away, on the niglit of the
instant, forty yards of the
bankment, with a noise similar
at of a cannon fired amongst
tains, and the waters rushed
t the devoted town. Tlic
oyale and the Place d'Annes
C'pmpletely Hooded, and the
rose in the latter place to
fi ii <tory of the houses » being
t higher than during a
1 which occun'ed fifty-^ix
-iice. The gas continued

to bum until two o'clock in tbe
morning ; but at three oVlock,
tbe water having reached the
gas-works, the hgbtn were ex*
tinguishedt and the inhabitants
wei'c compelled to light torches.
The number of houses destroyed
at Roanne amount to 200; and of
400 boats laden with merchandise,
lying in the Loire or in the canal,
and made fast to the quays, 270
were sunk : 33,iM30 pieces of wine
and 3,000 hog3bea<ls of spirits of
wine, valued at a sum of 2,(KJ0,0<J0
francs, have been lost.

At Nevers, during the memory
of man* tbe waters of the Loire
have never risen to so considerable
a height, even on the occasion of
th« 13th of November, 17!)0, the
most disastrous inundation hitherto
experienced. The waters of the
Loire and the Nievre formed an
immense lake, imder which bad
disappeared part of tbe fauxbourga
of Mouessc, Nievre, and Loire,
and wliich extended to Plsgny,
after inundating the roynl road.
Herf* and there were seen floating,
timber, trees, and cattle; and cries
of distress were heard at every
point. Prompt succour was af-
forded ; thanks to the eflTorts of
the Pre feet I General Lafontaine,
and the Mayor of Nevers, in
an instant the wliole garrison was
assembled at the scene of the dis-
aster. Their object was to save
the population of the Fauxbourg
St. Antoine, ami the inhabitants
of the isolated houses in the coun-
try. Two steamers, which per-
form the service between Digoin
and Xevers, contributed powerfidly
to this work. Not fewer than 600
persona were collected by the cap-
tains of these vessels from house
to house.

Tbo Loire committed dreadful
ravages between the plain of

M 2

160

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

knew, he had made the inquiry if
they had heard of a robhery that
haa taken place in the neighbour-
hood. The officers at length traced
him to Northwich, where, at the
Crown Inn public-house, they met
with him, in company with a
farmer whom he had fallen in with
on his journey. He was secured
and removed to Manchester. On
the prisoner's person* when appre-
hended, wore found twenty-seven
sovereigns and some silver : the
notes were found in a top coat.
There were likewise found upon
him a purse, believed to be Mr.
M'Giirs, a spring dagger clasp
knife, some gunpowder, and per-
cussion caps.

— TiiE CAUCA8U8.-^By letters
from Trebizonde, it is reported
that the Russians had met with
fresh reverses in Circassia. In
order to insure success against
iSchamly, Prince Woronzoff was
«ome time since appointed to the
eommand of the Russian forces.
With a more numerous army than
had ever been previously employed
in this warfare, the Prince under-
took an expedition to Darga, for
the purpose of there establishing a
Russian post. He reached Darga
after an arduous march through a
most difficult country with great
loss, every pass being obstinately
defended by the Circassians.
Hitherto he had driven the enemy
before him ; but their turn now
came, and the Prince was so hard
pressed as to be forced to fight
nand to hand in a m^l^e with the
barbarians. His retreat from
Darga was a series of defeats. At
Janyouchy, in Georgia, fighting
like a common soldier, he barely
escaped being taken prisoner ; and
his campaign terminated in a rout
^nd fli^^t. On the lowest com-
atation, twenty thousand men of

the Russian army must hare ftOen
in battle during the campaign, after
this action had taken place. In
subsequent operations, Schamyl is
stated to have followed up his pre-
vious successes by taking the Ru-
sian fort Asahjeck. It is, how-
ever, to be observed that these
reports are frequently pure fabri-
cations, frequently gross exaggera-
tions, and sometimes the reverse of
the truth. On the other hand the
Russian reports are not more
trustworthy; and these state that
Schamyl has met with some severe
checks in this campaign.

— Disastrous Storms. — The
magnificent weather which has
characterized this summer, has
been succeeded by fearful storms
which have visited, apparently,
all quarters of the world, and
have been particularly severe on
our own coasts. During the 23rd
and 24th instant, a very disastrous
storm was experienced on the
south-western coasts, and occa-
sioned a great destruction of life
and property. At Fishguard there
were many wrecks : in some cases
the crews escaped or were rescued,
in others, they were less fortunate.
The master and mate of the Martha
of Yarmouth were drowned : all
the crew of a schooner bound to
Southampton, seven in number,
perished : the beach for miles was
strewed with wrecks. Many dis-
asters occurred about Aberystwith.
Two vessels went ashore at the
mouth of the Dovey, with the loss
of the crews. At Milford there
were several wrecks. On the Corn-
wall coast the storm was very
violent. To the westward of Pad-
stow, a brigantine bound fur Con-
stantinople went ashore: eight
people lost. Wrecks and damage
to vessels are reported in many
other places on the west coast.

OCT.]

CHRONICLE.

161

Many disaslere hmre ocdured od
the Irish coasts. On the coast of
Clare, pieces of wreck, timber, and
salted provisions, have been washed
ashore between Portmah and the
mouth of the Bann : it is supposed
that an American yessel has gone
to pieces, with the loss of all the
crew. At Limerick much injuiy
was done. At Dingle Baj a brig
stranded ; three bodies have been
washed ashore, ^ve ressels
were lost at Boulogne during the
hurricane. The Lock Bt^am^ be*
longing to the Netheriand Steam
Narigation Company, foundered
during the stormy w^Uher which
has preyailed. She left ICasaland-
sluys, on the north side of the
river Maas, on the 7th instant;
the weather being bobterous, the
master put into Hdroetsluys ; on
the 9th he put to sea, under the
belief that the storm had subsided ;
but it was renewed, and the yessel
was supposed to hare gone to
pieces, nothing having been heard
of her. ^Vhen the Lock Byam
left Holland, she had about twenty
people on board, with a hundred
head of cattle. A number of dead
cattle having been seen floating in
the track she must have taken
from Helvoetsluys. All doubt as to
the fate of the vessel was speedily
set at rest by the arrival of the
master and three of the crew in
the Anttoerpen steamer. The Lock
Ryan perished at sea; but all on
board, except one seaman, were
taken off the wreck, while in a sink-
ing state, by a Norwegian brig,
homeward bound.

A French vessel was wrecked,
on the 23rd instant, at the back of
the East pier-head, Ramsgate; and
three out of the crew of five were
drowned. The bodies were interred
in the burial-ground of the Catholie
church of St. Augustine, which is
Vol. LXXXYIII.

now erecting* according to the
Roman Catholic ritual; the first
instance of the kind at Ramsgate
since the Reformation.

— Gallaxt Rescue op the
Crew of a Frexch Ship. — On the
loth instant, during one of these
gales about noon, one of the cele-
brated Broadstairs open fishing,
luggers, called the Fame^ with a
crew of eight hands, in a heavy
gale from the s.s.w., perceived
a brig on the Longsand, with a
tremendous sea breaking right over
her. The cc^ours in her rigging
gave the signal of distress, and,
although fixoi her position it was
at once seen that the vessel was
doomed, the hardy ciew of the
FawM resolTcd on the perilous
attempt of rescuing the people on
board. At first they let go their
anchor, for the purpose of wearing
down to the brig, and veered out
160 fathoms of caUe ; but the
vessel was driving on the sand so
&st that, after much skill and toil,
they found they could not reach her.
Twice they fiukd : the third time
they succeeded in getting opposite
the wreck. The difficulties and
dangers, however, increased with
their approach to the ship; for the
heavy sea, which was breaking
over the vessel as she was grounded
on the sandy and was ererv moment
forcing her deeper and deeper into
it, broke also around the little
logger. Every attempt, however,
to effect a eommnnieation failed.
At length, almost in despair, the
crew of the brig fastened a log line
to the cabin-ladder, and committed
it to the waves, when the lagger*3
men, by great good lock, watching
dieir opportunity, threw their kad-
line over it so as to make it aecore.
This done they made signals to the
wreck to perfect and itrengtb<^n
the feelrle connection by bending a

M

1«6

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

aipec: T:<iL±i i^^<e« w a L*icr-

pers-r-i^, ::r ir iz^ :i C^«n cc
Ckftikoe-rx : uii. vrii Ink iid£ti:iz.
and r&r^6>:^ «f uTLAaMxt. tbej

of rv.j M-u OB t«^L £jcc. EmA

«f wrL^ feriek- Tie liTiikf-rxiB
if floor^ vitk A hAid We^ £i>e^
Wick tile : the i^eepin^-rocci ioor«
mre bo«7>kd. Tbe »:Al;r&£«« *i« of
siooe, with iron bain^trAoes. Tlce
flat brkk aneiies of vkjeh tije ^-e^
are constructed Are tied t<i^t^>er
whli iron tks, acd the vLo«e l*:djd-
img is fire-pn:<of.

Tbe most iixip'>nAr.t p*c*ifit« of
iBprovriDeiit *i>e, however. tbc«5e
ia wliich Kioke jtrineipie* << tbe
Sanfttonr Kep^^n in r>c'5pt<-; to the
■leans of cleAc^ici! and Tectilation
for the working clis^es are carried
out. Each sei of r>x.a:5 i» fur-
nished with a cMii'iAni »up»p'*j of
vater, and also with sinks f<tr
washing, and a water-clowii, and
means of c>:'minunicdtion with a
dost-shaft fr\>ci the whole set of
chamWr^. bv which all dust and
ashes mav l*e removi-d a: once
from the apanments without the
neeessitT of the inmates learinx:
them. The party eoiered the rooms
which were inhabitC'd, and qnes-
tiooed the inmates as to their ex-
perience of them. One nursing-
Bother, in a neat and well-kept set
ef rooms, attested to the superior
eoaTeniences of this arrangement,
at a most important relief from the
Jyigoe and exposure to the weather
JB a common town-dwelling. She

haJ.

fifffMion to lemre her
wUm alw went to a
to ie«eh water; neither
ae i* keep dirt j or waale
K^ £it or aslkes in the room
axil iLi MiviLd find time to canj
ihesk awaj. -* She had now acaree-
h- rrcr to go down suuza and leave
iKr chijriL*' £adi set of rooms was
pff«TiAeid with one eondnit for the
ingress cc &esh air, and another for
tW egT^ess of vitiated mir. Those
exaxiacd were aewlj inhabited;
bet the xEjaediate sanatoiy effect
of the arrangezneata waa percept-
ible to thofe who haTe riai^ rach
abodes, ia the entire absence of of-
InsATc eAirria« or of ** close smdL"
This ob9errad<tt was extended to
tifec whole range of buildings. Tbe
sinks in each i\M>a were trapped
with bcfl-craps« as were all tbe
opcskings to tbe drains and the
gaUj-shoou in the paved courts
and tborx^ngbfares. A constant snp-
plv of water was seeued, the boose-
drains were wefl flashed with water,
and <>easpoo4s were entire^j abo-
lished. This range of btuldings is
perhaps the nrst practical example
of the entire i^moTal of one chief
soorce of phjsical depression and
pestilence common to all tbe exist-
ing dwellings of the working classes
in towns.

The price at which these objects
were attained was the next u^ic of
inqnirr. The rents charged were
fncon ^v. 6J. u» 5^. each set, accord-
ing to its position. Bat this in-
clnded a constant sapplv of water,
and the use of one gas-bnmer in
each set of rooms, and all rates and
taxes, and moreover two iron bed-
steads, and a grate with an OTen«
and convenient fixtures. Some of
the inmates admitted that thev bad
paid as high a rent ia LiTerpool
and other towns for no larger
apartments of the common inferior

construction, but without any of
the conveuiencei* and additions,

The improved moral tone which
must be induced in the working
classes by such superior comfort
must be evident ; and it is probable
that these blessings will be widely
f^xtended ; for it i» said, that, as a
speculation, these buildings are
highly remunerative.

NOVEMBER.

1. Three Steamers Ashoue. —
During the fog which prevailed
throughout the whole of this day»
three Urst-elnBs steamers got a&hore
within A short dii^tance of each
er. The Poiiinger, a splendid
el belonging to the Oriental
!:fttid Peninsular Steam Company ,
I homeward hound from Alexandria,
I having arrived near the Isle of
Wight, the captain, aa a matter of
precaution, reduced the speed to
the slowest, and waa groping hia
way cautiously, when the vessel
ran aground near Cowes» but so
froftly that no damage was sus-
tained. The engines were bached,
hut without effect, and she was not
gut ofi" until the following morning,
her pasacngora, luggage, and a
part of her cargo having been dis-
charged into a small steamer. Soon
after this mishap^ Her Majesty's
eteam-frigate Opclop$, which had
that n*oniing sailed from Porta-
mouth for Portugal, ran aground
tin a bank of shingles about half a
mile below the Pottinger, The
Ctfi'iops, however, got off the fol-
^ lowing tide without dftmage, and
I .proceeded on her voyage. About
^Ihe isme time the Prussian Eagle ^
ft Jargo steamer plying between
Southampton and Cork, got ashore
near St. Alban's Head. Much of
her cargo having been di^- barged,
she waa got off, and arrircd at

Cowea the same eyemng. For-
tunately the weather was perfectly
tahu.

— Insanity and Mctrher* —
Mr, 0 'Grady, a j:; cut I em an of Mar-
tinstown in Limerick, has com-
uiitted two murtlers in a fit of
mental derangement. On Sunday
morning a female servant was
alarmed by a noise in her master's
bedroom ; she entered, and beheld
Mrs. 0*Grady covered with blood
from a stab in the neck, which proved
mortal ; the woman screamed and
ran away, Mr. 0 'Grady followed her
into a stable whither she had re-
treated, and there stabbed her to
death with a pitchfork ! The mur-
derer then left the place, and waa
not seen till the next day ; he was
then captured. 0 'Grady had only
heem married six months, and was
Run-ounded by circumstances of a
kind to make him pass through life
happily, with one exception : his
wife, prompted by her relations,
resisted hia desire to have Ids bro-
thers reside with h*mi as ihey did
before his marriage. This is said
to have preyed upon his nnnd, and
excited him to madness.

4. The Uariuck Thkatre
BlR>T.— The Garrick Theatre, in
Goodmau'a Fields » was destroyed
by fire. One of the performances
of the previous evening had beeu
** The Battle of Waterloo," in
which, of course, a good deal of
iiring occurs ; and a piece of burn-
ing wadding from a cannon is sup-
posed to have lodged somewhere in
the iiies. Between four and 1a vo
o*clock in the morning a policeman
observed sparks and snitoke rising
from the roof of the building ; he
immediately gave an. alarm ; in ten
minutes half the theatre was in
flames, and the fire, from the na-
ture of the place, spread with great
rapidity. Engines were aoou on

KOV.]

CHRONICLE.

169

I

the il times msbed into the street.
An alarm was givcBi ami assistance
soon arrived. The pohoo -forced
open the door, when William Prior,
brother to the occupier of the shop,
was discovered with his clothes in
flames all down his back, which
waB aeycrelj burnt, and id so his
bunds. The other inmates, with
mie lamenttthle ojtception, made
their escape with trifling injitries,
and the fire was speedily subdued.
Soon after an entry was made into
the fihop» Mr. Aptliorpe, grocer*
perceived something like a log of
w^ood lying in the hack-room, and
on endeavouring to remove it his
hand slipped, but taking hold of
another part he was able to drag it
ciut of the ruins, when it proved to
be a human bodvt quite dead. The
deceased was William Smith, as-
Bistant to Mr. Prior : he had been
engaged with Mr. W. Prior in
making fireworks, wlicn a spark
from the fire fell among the com-
bustihlo materials around them,
and the explosion insmntlj took
place.

I 4. Conflict betweek the Po-
lk; k AND WniTEBOYi^t. — Tlio dis-
turbed state of Ireland has already
led to one of those coiiflicta fa-
miliar some twenty years ago.
Between eight and nine o'clock at
night, an armed party of twelve
men, with their faces, hhickemd^
attacked the dwelling of John
Piper, nt Scart, within two miles
of Rathkeale, in search of arms,
when five of them entered, and
succeeded In carrying off a gmu
From this they proceeded to the
residence of Mr, .lames Condon^
adjoining the same town land* where
thoy demanded admittance at the
back door, but were refvibcd, ihat
gentleman informing llicni from one
of the windows that he had no fire-
wtms^ at the same time adding,

that if they did not believe his word
to go to the front door» and he
would aJlow them to satisfy tliem-
selvcs. They, however, declined
the invitation, and retired from be-
fore the house, having first cau-
tioned Mr* Condon against de-
inanding rents from his tenantrj%
under pain of death. They had
not gone far when the}' were oh-
servcd hy a small party of police
then on patrol, consisting of four
men, who followed them across the
fields, calling on them in the usual
way to stand and surrender. The
gang peremptorily refused* telling
the pohce to go hack, and at the
same time turning round they dis-
charged five shots at the consta-
bulary ; the constables returned
the fire, and one of the gang fell,
apparently wounded, but being
raised hy his associates was carried
over a ditch into an ailjoimng field.
The policemen then prepared to
pursue the fugitives, who, in the
interval, gained some ground, and,
as they retreated, tinned round
oceasiontdly , firing at their pursuers,
fortunately without effect* After
a good run tho police closed with
them as t^iey were crossing a higli
wall, and again fired, when a
second man was observed to fall
from the top, manifestly wounded,
as the stones were besmeared with
blood, which was also discernihio
along the grass. It licing a moon-
light night, the police did not lose
sight of the party, whom they
chased into a haggard, where se-
veral fetacki* of corn were piled,
behind which the Whitehoys took
refuge ; hut the police, nothing
daunte<l, intercepted two of the
Whitcboys, with whum they had a
desperate combat, while the re&t of
the fellows lied in the confusion,
and tlic police eventimlly overcame
the two, who wtne made prison ers

170

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[18M

after moeh difficultj, and hand-
enffed. Upon search, both were
foond armed with gnns, and one
of them had a very fine military
sword attached to his girdle, which
hat since been identified bj Mr.
George Massey, of Creaves, as his
property,, and which was taken
srom that gentleman's residence
about a month since. The Rock-
ites were brought into Rathkeale
Bridewell the same night, without
being allowed to remoYe the dis-
guise from their features. One of
Uiem received a bayonet wound in
the breast during the struggle with
the police, but the other sustained
little injury.

7. Curious Robbery. — A curi-
ous robbery has been committed
by an attractive young French-
woman who calls herself Mademoi-
selle Malrina Florentine de Sauma-
rez. Having arrived from South-
ampton on tho 27th of October, the
lady put up at Mr. Howe's Railway
Hotel, near the terminus at Nine
Elms. She became very intimate
with the family at the hotel, and
placed a bag of sovereigns in Mr.
Howe's hands for safety ; she also
endeavoured to get him to cash a
check for 99/. 13f. It became
known that a cash-box, containing
upwards of 1501. in gold, two
double sovereigns, and a check for
99/. 13$. had been stolen from the
house of a shipbuilder at Fareham,
and Mr. Gow, tho superintendent
of tho constabulary, having ob-
tained a clue to the deUnqucnt,
came to London, traced the thief
to the Railway Hotel, identified
the young lady, and took her into
custody. She then made the fol-
lowing confession. A few weeks
aiiMie, a ^ brought her

ttmk Vf Aud, after re-

iMifajA 'ays, loft her

h) uned apart-

ments at a bbaidibg-lioDBe. The
fSunOy with whom aha lodged duvwei
her many kindnesses, and she was
introduced to tlimr oonain* who re-
sided at Fareham. There ahe re-
mained a week on * Tiait» sad
during that time saw the mother of
her friend's cousin give him Mtf
sovereigns from a CMli*boz, whitt
was a^srwards deposited between
the sacking and bed of a bedstead.
She purchased a cash-box resem-
bling the one she had seen, sod,
under the pretext of a headadis,
requested permission to lie down
for an hour before ahe departed
for Gosport. She th^i went to
the room where the cash-box was
deposited, and, subatituiing the
empty box for the fall one, soe-
ceedeid in leaving the house with-
out exciting any sospieion. At the
railway, choosing a carriage in
which there was no other passen-
ger, she broke open the box and
abstracted the contents. She said
she had felt miserable ever since,
and inclined to give herself up to
justice. The check was found upon
her, and the bag stiU contuned
146 sovereigns. She was com-
mitted and tried in January, was
found guilty, and sentenced to ten
years' transportation. TheDeSau-
marez family deny any knowledge
of her.

State of Irelakd. — The Irish
newspapers give a frightful picture
of the lawless state of the country.
Scarcely a newspaper appears which
does not give accounts of one or
more frightful murders, sometimes
connected with land, but more fre-
quently with the desire for arms.
These horrid deeds sometimes ap*
pear to be instigated by a mere
thirst for blood.

8. EXTENSIVB GOVFLAORATIOII. —

The extensive manufiMtory bekmg-
ing to Messrs. Witham and Co.,

(OV.l

CHRONICLE.

171

I

holesale coach and slioo curriers,
iimte in Little Queen Street, and
'-No. 30, Parker Street, were de-
stroyed by fire. The building was
three stories high, and was so cou-
4Btructed as to form a sort of half-
square ; the premises were sur-
l^unded hy minieroua large work-
shops. About hftlf-past five o*elock
a police-constable discovered smoke
issuiug from that portion of MessrH.
Witham'a premises over the atabte,
~t was apparent that the fire must
have been burning for some time
l^eforo I lie discovery was made, for
it had i»btained Buch a strong hold
that in less than five minutes subse-
quently the flames broke through the
roof, and rose several yards above
Ihe^flteeple of the adjoining church.
Upon the arrival of the engines a
iceno truly alaiining presented it-
self i the greater portion uf the
three tipper floors was completely
encircled in flamet*, ufid the fire
van to be seen running along the
timber fronts almost with the swift-
ness of lightning, and for some
time it was feared that every build-
ing in the vicinity would have been
destroyed. The ofiicers of the fire-
hrigade perceiving that the fire had
too much hold of the premises in
■which it had broken out to bo
readily subdued, turned their at-
tention to saving tlie neighbouring
property. In this they were ftir-
tunately successful. The property
destroyed was valued at several
thousaDd pounds.

12. Falling of a Railway
Bridge. — A melancholy catastro-
phe occurred at Mortimer, near
Keading, oceasioncd by the falling
in of a railway bridge recently
erected over the Berk."* and Hont.s
branch line of the Great Western
Kail way, now in the course of con-
Btruction, when tho lives of three
of iho workiueni employed on tho

lino were sacrificed, and many
other labour era were injured. In-
quests were held ou the bodies
of the deceased, when it ajipeareJ
that for some weeks past the arch
had been pronounced to be in a
dangerous state, and in conso-
quence, on the day of the accident,
tho deceased, in company with
several others, were sent to remove
OS much as possible of tho super-
incumbent weight, and while en*
gaged in taking ofi" the parapet
wall on the top of the archway, the
arch suddenly gave way, and the
three deceased, with others » fell in
with the mind. A verdict in each
case was returned of ** Accidental
Death/*

15, COH0XEH*8 iNQrEBT. — A

Coroner's Jury assembled at the
private residence of tho late
Thomas Massa Alsager, Eaq.^
brother of the late Member for
Surrey, a gentleman very highly
respected, and who possessed much
influence, being known to be the
writer of the ** City Articles" in
The Timeat, who died on tho pre-
vious day from the effects of wounds
which he had inflicted on himself
on the 6th instant.

After the jury had been sworn,
The Coroner said^ — Gentlemen,
your first duty will be to view the
body of the deceased, wbich lies in
another roonj. You will find three
wounds or cuts in tho throat, a
small one on the extremity of the
left side, one on tho jaw, and a
larger one on the chin. You will
also find a vei'y cc inside ruble one
on the wrist, extending in length
about two inches and a inilf and
very deep, whie!i must have been
wry painful and caused great loss
of blood.

The jury then proceeded to the
bedroom of tho deceased, and upon
their return

i

172

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1840

Wniuua Wentwortli, green-
mcer, of No. 31, Deronaiure
Street, Elizabeth Perrj, eook» and
XfiiA Bowther, housemaid to the
deceased, were sworn. From their
cndenee it appeared, that on the
morning of last Friday week, the
deceased, not appearing at the usual
Komr, the cook went np, and the
deceased in a iaint roice desired
ker to come in. The curtains were
drawn, and seeing what had hap-
pened, she ran out and called in
masistance. Wentworth came, and
ttttended on the deceased until his
death. Last Thursday the de-
ceased made his will, which Went-
worth attested. The deceased
never made the slightest allusion
to anj cause which induced him to
commit the act.

Mr. G. F. Whidboume, of Xo.
60, Gower Street, surgeon, de-
posed that when he was called in
he considered the deceased to be
dead. He was to all appearance
lifeless, and remained so for three
hours. The usual remedies were
applied, and upon the deceased
rafljmg he appeared to be in a
fiiTourable condition. Last Thurs-
day the deceased desired witness
to get his pocket-book, and against
witness's wish gave him a check for
100^, saying that his family were
well provided for. About three
hours before the death of deceased
he was delirious. Previous to that
witness believed that the deceased
was perfectly rational and of sound
mind. lie was a man of very
Buperior strength of mind. In
witness's opinion death was caused
by exhaustion from loss of blood.

Miss Margaret Alsagcr deposed,
that upon the morning of last
Thnrsoay week her father loft his
fMidanoe f' ton. He had,

•i times, h depressed;

Abdi f 0 the death

ofhermodier. The deeeaaed had
always repudisted die idea itf lai-
eide, and when he leH said that be
should come down bj the last tnia
on Friday night.

Mr. OxenfSord, soliehor, and ne-
phew of the deceased, saw Mr.
Alaager on Thursday week, when
he was very low-spirited. Witnees
attributed the lownesa to some of
the occupations of the deceased
^ving ceased.

A juror. — ^What were his occu-
pations ?

Mr. Mills considered that a ques-
tion which they had no right to
inquire into ; what conid the occu-
pation have to do with thia act of
the deceased?

The juror was anxions to ascer-
tain the cause of this act.

Mr. Oxenford said he was very
anxious to give every information
that he possibly could.

The juror. — Was he not con-
nected with The Times.

Mr. Oxenford. — Yes; the de-
ceased wrote the " City Articles ;"
and having tendered his resignation,
it was accepted. When witness met
him, there was a lowness of spirits,
but it certainly did not arise from
any thing that occurred with The
Times, further than that an active
mind was thrown out of its employ-
ment.

The jury, after a short consulta-
tion, found that the deceased died
from exhaustion, the effect of
certain wounds inflicted on himself,
but that no evidence had been pro-
duced as to hb state of mind at the
time he so inflicted the said
wounds.

16. Police.— ffttt/cttatt.— Two
men habited in female attire were
brought before Mr. Alderman Mus-
ffrove, charged with stealing a pin
from Frederick Newhurst, of New-
castle Street, Strand. One of them

lOV.]

CHRONICLE.

173

appeared at the bar in walking
costume, the other had thrown
away the false curls» and torn up
the bonnet and dreaa, and appeared
in a shirt ; but he had still the
ehawl to protect him from thecolJ,
and from the waist he was still
eh)tlied liked a woman. Amongst
the articles they had cast otf in the
cell were a pair of stays and two
napkins.

The one who still wore the com-
plete dress, and who gave the name
of Emma Anderson, at the station,
now said his proper name was John
Anderson, and Jane Wilson became
Edward S nib van. The latter was
reeognised as a strolUng tumbler,

Templeman, a city policeman,
stated that he saw the two prisoners
standi Jig on llolborn Uill with a
gentleman about half-past twelve
o*elock on Sunday night After
walking a few yards up the hill,
Snihvan sitopped for a couple of
minutes, and then overtook his
companion again. They immedi-
ately It'ft the gentleman, crossed
the street, and turned up Shoe-
lane, From tlieir leaving the
street he suspected tliey had robbed
the gentleman. In a few moments
a constable came up with the gen-
tleman, who said he had been rob-
bed of a pin, and the prisoners were
overtaken in Shoe-lane. The pin
was not found. One of them wore
silk stockings and had very long
black hair ; and, their true sex not
being suspected, a woman was
directed to search them thoroughly.
The searcher very soon cried out,
— ** Officer I come in ; they are
both men !** and she was relieved
frotn further trouble. The gentle-
man did not appear that morning
to support his charge.

Mr, Alderman Wilson asked
how Sulli van's dress was torn bo
much.

The officer said the prisoner
bad done it himseir He was now
ashamed to be dressed as a woman,

Mr, Alderman MuKgrore asked
the prisoners why they had as-
sumed this disguise.

Anderson, who Ims rather a
feminine voice, said it was* alto-
gether a false charge preferred by
the gentleman, because, knowing
they were not women^ they wonld
not let him pull them about. They
dressed as women by way of a joke,
to prove that they would dare to
walk to the Angel, at Islington, in
that dress. They had been as far
as that place, and were returning^,
without speaking to any one, wheui
the gentleman accosted them.

Mr, Aldennan Musgrove a.«^e(il
if any of the police had seen tdionv
or either of them in women's
clothes before,

George Ilazn, a policeman, said
he had seen Anderson walking up
and down his beat, in St. Mariirft's*
le-Grand, three or four times dur-
ing the last three weeks. lie
always wore the veil, and was
always alone.

Mr, Alderman MuBgrove ex-
pected to hear such information.
The training of Anderson's hair was
not a momentary act. He should
be happy to be convinced 'the
whole thing was a joke, but he
was apprehensive that they really
intended to lure men to their
haunts I under the pretence of be-
ing women, for some dreadful pur-
pOfi«. Such gross outrages upon
the public decency and feeling
nmst be checked in limine^ and he
should remand them till Friilay,
that the police might make a full
inquiry into their past lives and
habits.

They were convoyed to gaol in a
cab amidst the jeers of the crowd.

It appeared upon inquiry that

A

1^

ANNUAL REGISTER.

C1846

TkeT 74re Tried imi uramiporaitL

— Coua»iO!f* Ar SaA. — Two
«ii9ajicroii.4 •!ijlli»u]iu jll xa u^k.
pia«e on the 4ikm« lustic. The
Alhiijn, .}f iJ'.i !:.)n:s, one at' die
Wootibriii^Pi snuierj. 'eft diAC place
for Lontiijn *^a FniLij mDniuur. In
c«xkiefi[iii^ace ot' die iintaroarable
sCAse •it' ihe ^readier on SACHpiaj
ni^f. che mA^cer, Mr. W. Smich.
bmnchc cliwe ap c«> die She&n
light in the Swin. otF the Essex
4MMLit. near W;ilt<>o« vith the inten-
tion of remaining till daj break.
About tweWe the man let't on deck
wa.) alarme«i at the approach of the
Ciiy of Lomdou^ steam <fhip. bear-
ing down npon their vessel. The
steamer wa.^ hailed, bat it is sup-
posed the situation of the Albin^t^
waa noi seen undl it was impos-
iiible to prevent a collision. The
engines of the steamer were
promptly sU>ppe<i, but immediatelj
alter the trader was under her bow,
and fihc cut her down to the water's
edge. The concussion was very
great, the Albion Win^ almost
buried under the steamer. Great
confusion consequently ensued, it
being too clear that the ^l/6ton was
rapi41y filling. The steamer *s
crew, after much difEculty, suc-
ceeded in saving the whole of the
crew of the Albion^ with the excep-
tion of a young man, a son of the
master, Mr. Smith, who was below
in liis l>erth, and who it is supposed
sank with the vessel four or five
minutes after the collision.

Another collision occurred the
same night. The copper-bottomed
bark, .^uke of Clarence, 456 tons
register, left the Thames, in bal-
Ifgt, on the 10th instant, intending
to ihip c< "nort, for King-

ly J half-past ono

wfam near die lafe of WigH St
Sadiisnne's Iicb> fMAin^ Cftat bj
aartk abmtt tsght miiiffw , Atwm» nm
inn by a ^cnaice ship, appaicatly
Amcnemn. «i alMwt 500 tons bar*
«ien. The straacvr wms hearflj
UiieiL. and <cnitk the bark <» the
larbiMzd ^narwr, mfter whidi
she 'iroppcd aAera. and was soon
oat «>c' sL^t. AH the larhoard
<i«ajner-deek MaacheonA of the
Jhiktf of C(ammc€ wore earned
away, as weQ as the mizen rigging,
her •parterboatwaakfft andaleer-
iag wheei brDken. and the ship
rendered nrnmanageable- During
Kooday the rig]zin^ was spliced,
and steering tackles fixed, and by
the chwe of the day the carpenter
had replaced her wheel. It eame
on to blow a fresh breeze tmm the
eastward in the night : the ship
under doable-reefed topsaik, and
occasionally obliged to hanl op her
courses. Fahaooth harbour light
was seen, and nnfortmiatelj, being
a revolving light, was mistaken for
that on St. )lary*s at Scilly. On
this the ship was tacked, and they
stood to the eastward, when the
Eddystone light was made, and
following the previous mistake they
concluded that this was the Long-
ships' light. About four o'clock
on Tuesday morning they became
embayed in Whitsand Bay ; it was
thick weather and very dark.
When the land was descried they
attempted to stay the ship ; but
she missed stays, and in wearing
went ashore at high water abreast
of Downderry preventive-station.
She thumped heavily, and bilged
immediately, and slewed round
broadside to the beach. Fortu-
nately she had run into a narrow
channel between two dangerous
reefs, and the crew were able to
get safely ashore.

NOV.]

17. Eipr.oaiox op FiiiE-D.utr. —
A t<}rrible explosion of tire-damp
CKJCurredi early in the iiionuog, at
Eounds Green New Colliery, Old-
bury, about five mites from Birmiag-
ham. On that moniittg» twenty-
five men and hoy a descended the
pit» and commenced their labours 5
an on after, a tremendous explosion
happened ; sixteen persons were
found dead in the workings, three
died when carried to the surface,
and another man was dangerously
hart ; the remaining five escaped
unhurt. It is not known how the
disaater occurred. The evidence on
the coroner's ini|ue8t on some of
the bf>iiies threw no liglit on the
cubject, except that the ** doggy"
sometime B took a safety-lamp, and
aometimeH not, wlicn he entered
the mine in the morning ; whether
he did ou the morning of the
eataetrophe was not apparent.
That something was amL^s, was
evident a little before the explo-
sion; for Mr. Holland, the '* butty,*'
midt sulphur, and warned his sou
not to enter a particular working ;
hut be went himself, to look after
the men, and perished, while the
Bon eseapcd.

Several inquest* were held on
tho ditterent bodies. At fm in-
quiry on Monday at Dudley, some
statements were made showing
that the mine was inefficiently
ventilated* One witness » Edward
Foley, aaid, — ** I worked in Mr.
Parker's eoUiery : I went about
MX montha ago, and I left work
there last Friday week ; I was
afraid to work in ei>nsequenc»3
of ©ulphur, 1 found that sulphur
exiated when I first went to work
in the pit, from seeing it blajse on
the Cftodles : it w&s always there.
On Friday night week, I dreamed
comical dreamB, and I dkl not like
^B to return. Tho sulphur was wor&e

175

on the Friday night. I mentioned
the sulphur to some of the men ;
but J did not mention my fears to
the bail i if, to the * butty' my mas-
ter, or to Smith the * doggy/ No
explobion took place during the »ix
months 1 was there. The * doggy'
generally u»ed the lamp in the
morning* and appeared to he very
careful. " Uther workmen declared
their opinion that the pit •* wanted
air;'' the means taken to ventilate
the workings were not extensive
enough. A mmer »aid, — ** I da
not think the air-headings are
aufficiently driven in nine oat of
ten pits in this neighbourhood i it
is not usual in the neighbourhood,
owing to tho expense. I never
worked in any pit in which bo much
sulphur existed as in that of Mr.
Farker." Another stated, — '* I
left the pit on account of the exiat-
ence of damp or sulphur." Mr.
Elwcll, a mine-surveyor, who has
examined the eolliery sineo the
disaster, also declared that the
ventilation was insufficient, and the
means that did exipt for purifying
the air were not properly employed:
in some pits the ** air-headings'*
required to be cleansed out every
week, in others every month.
*• This accident might perhaps
Imve been prevented, had the * air-
head in ga' VK>en cleansed out before,
in!»tead of since the accident oc-
curred, 1 think tlie pit might have
been worked so as to prevent any
great explosion of sulphur.*' At
the close of the evidence, Mr.
Haines, the ground bailiff, made n
voluntary etatement. He shortly
explained why the workings in the
crop were carried on without more
air : these workings would have
been fini^ted in a fortnight ; and
no eontplaints of a^ want of sufficient
ventOatioQ had ever Won made to
him. Tho Jury deliberated for a

^ IZi^I-rrZKL

IM

A^

jai.

It I.r— -i

TfTtr -•■Ki*" ?3LS.

"•vniracxs- 'T ox. iul :akfS2se
r^L j^wTx. w lime fSM.-

szi.-" li: ^— ia«*L iixrr ini£ rcac?

-.^ -r . -nJ. mil X JUhL zr.D,
n..^ :*••■. -r- Zlir Xliridr3Ei*iL E&l ▼»*

: - -:i Uv "T-iT-tiJiiiiw ;c is

Li. .'•?": it- ▼i;---i Ki*t ie*Jmii-L saj-
r^ siT- !-•; i-.'»iiiii;r "LI x'j n T Vz
"^■jr— .- ujt:: -**=?". Trrritf-a* ▼■■i!ii »
>— - -*-: — i- TTiiiii -i? laLj -ftca-
*«.'!— V -7 k ix'%a ir rLTS. ▼ti

"n- -=::-— r^-. iOii ia -tut "3«if!L :cci»eJ

JL.-.I.t'.r''

Kk-.l -'.■: -•:■

Vy V. ■ :r. '. :;".":.•, ar. : r- %! : r. < r »>7. a

the makin;^ uji of in'rii'- Sku*\ Kov**
cloth caps for a prrrnofl in tlin miuio.
Htre<:t. Sli'j coul*l «-*♦ obtain nion;
than would gft^ » of t<'a

and dry hrcac luontly

without tliat. '^diiiR,

bat lay on the iiumu

▼1 -- l'r-:a^:*i ^J- *C-r f-irl- ^bit

"ir7 !•: i'Z Li»i ::i»,'^ ""Trr^ dxAtJ: t'-.U.

ic:.-.-. rtit:-! -/'a: ::: February
li?-. !:•.■*: --^-i 173 'ioi :o ihe Step-
r.-:; Tar.?'- :.: r^rllef. «h:ch was
:r~-' '-' ::^ii a!id mea: on live
•!:£■: r^-: :t:i.M^:.:.:i5. since which
tin* ^i-r bid no: applied. Also,
ih.i: l.er ~ ::. ^z^l 16. had been re-
coivo-i ir*i.> :he house two years
rinovr. where he died.

The jury returned a verdict of
** Found dead; accelerated by long
continue<l privation andstarvation. "

This was one of the melancholy
<!fiHos of destitution which became
puMic at this time, and excited
Kri»at interest.

^

NOV.]

CHRONICLE.

177

20. Violent Gales. — Ourcoasts
have been again visited by severe
Btorma, which have caused much
damage. At Liverpool, it lasted
for maDj lioura, but waa territic
about QOOD< A great deal of damage

»wa9 done : some small vessels sank,
and others went ashure in Bootle
Bay, A nowlv built house at
Birkenhead was blown down.
The btornj was vcij tierce at
North Shields, Several vessels
went ashore. Thecoahship Sceptre
struck agaiuat the Briton, which
was on shore : the ercw got on
hoard the latter vesael but the
master fell iiU-o the sea and waa
> drowned iu attempting' to leap from
his own ship ; the Sceptre was
dashed to pieces against some
rocks. At night wlien the tide
I receded, a number of robbers
pillaged the stranded vessels of
* everything they could lay tkeir
I hands on — even the clotlies of the
I crews ; the I'reventive men, who
i interfered, were overpowered, and
their lights put out. On the fol-
1 lowing morning, when the mischief
I had been done, soldiers were sent
to protect the i^essels. In the
t North Sea generally many disasters
[occurred, Many losses of colliers
I are reported. A sloop sank in
I Lcith Roads ; all hands perished.
Off Milford, the wrecks were fre-
1 qnent ; ho ako on other parts of
[the Welsh coast: two schooners
struck near LlaueUy Harbour, and
bH the men were lost. Many
damaged vessels have put into Tly-
mouth.

; The tempest occurred during a

^m Bpring-tide, and the tAvo causes corn-
el hmed did much mit^chief in the
^■neighbourhood of Dublin. The
^Bvea broke violently on the shore,
^■flooding low parts, and putting the
^^ dwellers in peril. The Kingstown
Hallway was considerably damaged.
Vol. LXXXYIIl.

^ Vol.

There have also h^en destructive
floods in Waterfordp Newry, Cork,
and other places. Three bodies
have been washed ashore at Tra-
more, probably part of the crew of
some wrecked ship. Many small
vessels on the coast have foundered
or gone ashore. At Clonaekelty,
the Jessie Torram:e, a large Que-
bec ship, was lost ; and out of a
crew of twenty or thirty only nine
are suppesed to have escaped.
The Ajax steamer, for London,
was compelled to put back to Cork,
after having thrown overboard 121
sheep, and 90 pigs ; 73 head of
cattle WQTQ killed, there not being
hands enough to throw thcui over-
board. The steamer, Newcastle,
from Belfast to Port Carlisle, with
20U passengers, and IGS head of
cattle wasi iu such imminent peril of
foundering, that upwards of 150 of
the cattle, besides sheep and pigs
were tlirown overboard. or drowned;
the vessel was ilriven on bliore near
Workington, but was got off. and
reached Maryport,having been three
days on her voyage, during which
time the passengers and crew had
been totally without food. The
Sea Lark from Askeaton to
Tralce, with flour, oatmeal and
bran, was capsized and all her
crew (six persons) Llrowued ; the
vessel was driven on shore at
Bally bunuion, and plundered by
the country people.

21. Steam-boat DiSASTEiiS in
AMEitlCA. — -Two disastrous occur-
rences to steam-boats in the United
Slates are reported about the
same time. On the 21 st instant,
a frightful accident occurred on the
Missis sip jii, about seven n^ilea
above Natchez. About two o'clock
iu the afternoon, the Sullana, de-
scending the river with the current,
ran into the steamer J/arict, bound
th^ other way. The violence of

N

ITS ANNUAL REGISTER. [1846

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NOV.]

CHRONICLE.

179

I
I

from the Town Pier to conskler-
ftbly below the Talbot Inn, which
was also amongst the niiinber.
From the soutii Bide of West
Street the fire raged upwords in
the dh'ection of the centre of tlie
town, destroying, in its course,
a great number of low dwelling-
liouges in the various courts.
These were principally tenanted
by poor fishermen, hawkers, la-
bourerB, kc^ and the alarm tbat
ensued amongst tlietn, in their
endeavours to aave their lives and
their trifling chattels, was most dis-
ircsaing. In oue court there was
no thoroughfare, except from the
approach in West Street, and that
was stopped by the dense body of
fire. The greatest iVar wa§ enter-
tiiined for the safety of the poor
creatures who tenanted it. The
police and soldiers, however, brave-
ly exposed themselves in reacuing
tliem» and succeeded in doing 8o
by dragging them in at the bock
windows of •adjacent houses. In
addition to the GravcM^nd engines^
several from Chatham and lUrtford
were bi-oiight to play in the most
available positions. The cheeking
of the fire in the direction in which
it was extending* towards the more
valuable portion of the town in
High Street, was the principal ob-
ject of the firemen ami authonties.
Owing to the houses on the west
side of nigh Street being composed
principally of wood, thiw was a
matter of much time and labour,
and it wa^ only by the most expert
movement!* of the troops Uiat they
wore rescued from destruction.
The flames, however, continued
to spread, and could not be
entirely subtjued for some hours.
Forty bouses were entirely de-
sti'oyed*

The principal portion of the
houses tnat were erected on the

Bite of tlie €r© in West Street
are consumed, together with both
sides of the street from High
Street to King Street. Amongst
the buildings destroyed were the
Bank, the Tier Hotel, Pope's
Head Inn, and the Beehive Tavem>
a great part of the Talbot Hotol,
and all the intermediate wharfs
and buildings. The damage is
estimated at 100,0001. At one
time great apprehensions existed
that three or more of the poor
inhabitants of the courts had
perished. It is believed, however,
that no lives were lost.

24. Railway Compenwation. —
Mr. Shillibeer, the omnibus pro-
prietor, recovered damages from
the Eastern Counties Railway
Company for injuries sustained
in a collision, on the 18th of
October, 184;5. Mr. Shinibeer
was a halo hearty man ; he re-
ceived a severe concussion of the
brain ; the facial nerve was so
much hurt that a breese caused
pain ; the jaw and teeth were dis-
torted ; a morbid action was stated
to be still going on in the bone
above the mouth, which may niako
an operation necessary ; and liis
nervous system was so shaken
that his memory failed ; but he
was gradually recovering. The
Jury awarded 500/., including
75L that bad been paid into court
as sufficient compensation.

25. A Rl^'AWAY LtK OMOTIVE, —

On the South Coast Railway, on
W^ednesday night, an engine and
tender started from New Crosa to-
wards London, with no ]»erson on
the machines. They dashed into
the station with terrific force, and
came into collision with the buf-
fers and wall at the end of the
tramway of the platfonn ; burning
fuel, feteam, smoke, and dust were
scattered around, the tender wa»
K 2

Tf M4 I

in: A > > V A 1 3. 1 :- i ^ T E K- ^1846

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I

It Is a Sweat Little creature for
Its age. I hope this may warn
you from Kechieing another Poor
girl. It lias made mo very III
with Parting with the Babj, and
By the time you cfet this I shall
Bo DO more. When ever you
come this way only cast your eye
In the church yard and think of
one you have Been the Death of
and adue from

** Ukuy Ann W.**

Outside the letter was an address,
- W. J. Smith, Esq., Suffolk/*
Uc (the superintendent) Imtl been
to Arnold, and made inquiry, but
could not find any female there,
or obtain iufomiation likely to lead
to a clue as to the party who be-
longed to the infant.

John Wil lough by, parcels porter
at the Nottingham railway stution,
said, he received the basket a fort-
night ago, ox more, of a little dark
eomploxioned woman, according to
the best of his recollection, and she
wished to know if it could be placed
hiside the carriage, so as not to he
thrown on its side, as it required
great care ; slie paid 2d, for the
hooking ; the basket was sent off
by the mail train ; he saw it again
on Thursday morning last, amongst
the London parcels, when he went
to the office at seven oVlock ; he
sent it to the Maypole, not having
looked at his tnwk ; jt was brought
at ten o'clock, aud stood in the
parcelB ofiice until after dinner ;
thinking it might be some perish-
able article, such as a beef or a
pork pie, he opened the basket,
and whib? attempting to unwrap
the shawl a dead child fell out
ypon the ticket table, lie ii4-
formed Mi\ Richardson and Mr.
Parkinson, the station master, and
then took it to the police office.
The word •* refused,'* was written

on the label containing the direc-
tion.

AValter Yates, surgeon at the
Nottingham Dispensary, said, I
have examined the body of tho
infant, and found it a fine well-
formed female child. I should
think it was a week old. There
were no marks of violence upon the
body. Around the eyes, mouth,
and about the abdomen there was
much discolouration; the brain was
quite soft, being in a state of de-
composition. The stomach and the
lesser bowels were quite empty ;
the larger bowels were full of the
usual matter ; the hings, the Itver,
and, in short, the oiher organs,
were in a perfectly healthy state,
but some of them untlergoing de-
composition. I am of opinion the
child died partly from want of
nourishment, partly owing to cold,
and partly from the effects of an
overdose of opiate. There was
nothing like suffocation ; the lungs
were not gorged with blood, as
they would have been had it been
suffocated. I shouhl think the
child was put in the basket alive.

There being no further evidence
the coroner adjourned the inquest,
sine die, to permit im|uincs to he
made.

DECEMBER.

L The Qieen'h Vlsit to Ahux-
i>EL. — Her Majesty, the Prince
Consort, and suite, left Osborne
House, on Tuesday, to pay a long
expected visit to His Grace the
Ihike of Norfolk, (who, besides
being the Premier of the nobiiity,
and Hereditary Earl Marshal, now
fill^ the political office of Master of
the Horse) at his principal mansion
of Arundrl, Ujion entering Ports-
mouth harbour, the royal party was
received with cvtraoi-diuarv cere-

182

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

monj: after leaving Portomoutb,
the royal cortege passed through
Havant and Emsworth, to Ghiches-
ter» where the Mayor and Corpora-
tion, the Bishop, the Dean and
Clergy, paid their respects to Her
Mijesty. Arrived at Arundel, the
oort^ge passed through Maltravers
Street, to the principal entrance
to the castle, under triumphal
aiehes, festoons, and flags, and
were greeted with a royal salute.
At the gate the royal guests were
received by the Duke and Duchess
of Norfolk, and the mcmbera of the
Howard family.

Her Majesty was conducted by
the Duke of Norfolk — Prince Al-
bert escorting the Duchess — to
the library, where the principal
guests were assembled. In the
state drawing-room, the Mayor of
Arundel presented addresses from
the Corporation to the Queen and
Prince Albert.

In the evening, the Keep was
brilliantly illuminated, and the
iown was one blaze of light. Three
monster beacons on the adjacent
eminences tried to extinguish the
moonlight. A sumptuous dinner
was given to every poor person in
the town.

After breakfast, on Wednesday,
Prince Albert accompanied by the
Earl of Arundel and Lord John
Russell, went to shoot in the pre-
serve at Burycombe. The Queen
visted the Keep, guided by the
Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of
Wellington.

In the evening, the Queen re-
ceived guests in the state drawing-
xooro, and then joined the general
company in the library.

On Thursday morning, the Queen
and Prince Albert, with some of the
», went to visit Colonel Wynd-
Nnd see his mansion at Pet-
In the afternoon, the

royal party went into the Small
Park ; where the Queen and Prince
Albert each planted a joong
oak-tree.

In the evening there was danc-
ing, in which Her Majesty joined.
The visit terminated on Friday
morning, when the Royal guests
departed for Osborne House.

2. Captaix Warner's LoKe
Raxoe. — It is stated that Mr.
Warner's apparatus for destroy-
ing ships or other objects at a
"long range" have been tried and
have been found to be a total fail-
ure. The officers selected by Go-
vernment were Captain Chads,
R.N., C.B., Colonel Chaknera,
R.E., and Colonel Dundaa, R.A.
The Master-General of the Ord-
nance (the Marquis of Anglesey)
gave ihem a spot to try the " long
range," on his estate in the Island
of Anglesey. It was a vallej,
eight miles in length, and at the
extreme end there was a solitarj
tree ; of course this could not be
seen from the ground where Mr.
Warner was pla^, but the exact
bearings were furnished. Mr.
Warner was requested to Are in
that direction, and endeavour to
strike the tree, or propel a shell
near it ; two of the officers
stationed themselves at proper
distances to observe the result ;
after some time had elapsed in
preparation, which Mr. Warner
kept a profound secret, not being
interfered with by any of the
committee, the explosion took place,
but ihe shell fell very far short of
the object; several other triab
were afterwards made, but on no
occasion did the shell ever reach
three miles.

— Suffocation of a French
Shifmaster and Mate. — ^An in-
quest was held at Newcastle, on
the bodies of Jacques Menri, aged

*

I

32, master of tHe brig Marie
Angeliqm, of St, Malo, niid hi a
mate and brother, Fraii^ois Metiri,
aged 2D, whci were found dead in bed
from suffocation, after passing the
night in a close cabin, in which a
(ire had been biirning for several
hours, A jury havini^ been sworn,
Mr. T. 0. Aiabett Mras next sworn
aa an interpreter, and through him
the cabin-boj, Pierre Jannin,
Btated the circum stances of the
catastrophe. On Friday, the 20th
ultimo, the brig arrived in the Tyne,
from Dunkirk, and on Monday, tho
30th ultimo, she was lying at Felaw
Main, The night bein^sf very cold,
a fi ro wa^s made in a pot which had
boen used for hoiliog pitch, and
placed in the cabin. The tiro was
made of hot cinders, with Dunkirk
eoals on tlie top. The master
went to bod at eight, and the mate
at a quarter before ten o^cloek.
They both slept in the cabin,
which contained two Bleeping
places. It was on deck, and had
two doora, but no chimuev. There
was no ajwrture through wbieh the
Rmoke could escape, with tbe ex-
ception of a small hole in a broken
pane, The cabin was about fifteen
feet long by twelve broad. In the
moruing the mate did not, as waa
Ml custom, call the crow : and at
^ght, when he (Pierre .lannin)
went to the cabin, ho found him
demh The jury rettirncHi a verdict
of *' Accidental Death.'*

3. Fatal Coujery AcriDENT.s,
— Several fatal accidontu have oc-
curred at the Staffordshire Col-
lierios : the inquests were all held
on the same day. At Norton, on
John MoUatt, a coUier, who was
killed at the Riddingii rolliery,
Norton, on t!ie morning of that
day. The deceased was working
at the bottom of a **fortrad/*
when the cabin by which a waggon

laden with coals was being drawn
up broke, and the deceased was so
Boverely injured by the waggon in
its descent that he giirnved but a
very short time. The chain was a
new one but a few months since,
and was examined by Mr. Boon, the
ground-bailiif of the coHiery, about
a week before the accident, and
found free from defects. Verdict
— ^** Accidental death.'' On tho
same day, at Ilarriseabead, on tho
bodies of William Copehxnd, George
Mehor, and John Hadey, who were
killed by an explosion f»f foul air,
in one of the pits at Messrs, Button
and Oo.V, Tritbshaw Colliery, on
the 1st instant. James Ilandet, a
collier, who was at work in tho
same pit at the time of the explo-
sion, stated that the men were
furnished with lamps, and every
precaution was taken, and no ex-
pense spared to prevent accidents.
The body of Copeland was found
aljout throe hours after the acci-
dent» and the bodies of the two
others in two or three hours after
that. On examining the pit on
tho following day, the witness and
Joseph Coe, the manager, found n
safety-lamp, which they had seen
Baih^y with on the morning of the
accident. The screw on the top of
the lamp was taken off, and a whole
candle lay near to it. The candle
had not been burnt, hut the dry
cotton-wick on the top of it ap-
peared brown, as though he had
been hgh ting the candle; and the
witness believed that Bailey *s hav-
ing the screw oflF hid lamp, and at-
tempting to light the candle, was the
cause of the explosion. Verdict —
** Accidental Dent fi . * ' On the same
day, at Kidsgrovc, on the body of
George Davis, a collier, whose
death resulted from Ids being stnick
by a descending corve, whilst com-
ing up out of the pit, in which he

4

A

184

ANNUAL REGISTER.

11846

kftd been working on the 1 <t instant.
Tbe deceased wa.^ knocked oat of
tiie corre, and fell to the bottom of
the pit : hi? det^th was instanta-
neous. One of the men, wh«> was
eomin:; ont of the pit at the same
time, stated, that the deceased was
the only one of the party who had
a cantile, and that he put oat the
candle before thej got into the
corre, aIthoao:h he wa> told that
thej woald not be able to see the
descendins: conre if he pat oat the
light. Witness believed that if
the deceased had ni'tt put ont the
candle the a/'cident would not hare
happened. Verdict — *' Accidental
Death."

4. The PR»>:Tt»Rs AT Cambridge.
— An inquiry which to*^k place at
Cambridge has led to some cavil
at the extra-constitutional powers
which the Proctor* of the Univer-
sities exercise : although the Proc-
tors of the University of Cambridge
made out a goo*l casv, that their
aathority had not been abusetl in
this instance, it was made evident
that Hobson's excellent founda-
tion has fallen far behind the na-
tional gaols in the treatment
afforded to offenders. On the 3rd
and 4th instant, an inquest was held
on the body of a girl, who had died
after being confined in a most ill-
contrived prison, where she had
been placed by the order of a
Proctor of the University. The
deceased, Elizabeth Howe, was a
prostitute : on the evening of the
6th November, the Reverend Mr.
Kingsley, the junior Proctor, en-
coimtered her in the streets ; he
gave her into the custody of con-
stables who ac ^ him ; and
she was loc^ night in
a place c "^inninor.
iKNue.'* 1 ^h she
'wam lodged s, and
d|0 had a ( on ;

this Vronght on rhenmatie ferer, of
which the girl died. On being ex-
amined^ Mr. Kingslej admitted
that Howe was not behaTing in-
decently or diaorderiy when he ar-
rested her : he a]^»reliended her
becaose the constables said ^e
was a prostitute. She had only
another girl with her. The Coroner
asked — '" Have yoo instructions as
to yoor duties otherwise than the
statutes of the University *" The
witness refused at first to answer ;
bat event oally he said — •' I have
no other instructions. I have
never read the charter of Queen
Elizabeth, giving the Unirersity
power to apprehend disorderly per-
sons. Deceased was reprimanded
the next morning, and discharged.
I believe the University has power
to cause the apprehension of prosti-
tutes in the street, although thej
may not be misconducting them-
selves." "lam but partially ac-
quainted with the internal arrange-
ments of the Spinning-house. It
appears to me to be a proper place
to confine females. 1 don^t know
how females are accommodated in
gaols. I am not certain that I
have seen the interior of the ceU.
I believe I was in it a few days
ago. 1 merely delivered her to
the keeper. The glass [the single
pane in the window] was broken
the last time I saw the cell. ' * Per-
sons who had been imprisoned in
the Spinning-house described it as
a dreadful place— cold and damp ;
the bed-clothes were very damp.
The Coroner said, he was in a state
of doubt as to the legality of the
practice which Mr. Kingsley had
carried out ; it was founded on a
charter of Elizabeth, which had
afterwards been embodied in an act
of Parliament ; still he doubted the
power to arrest a peaceable person
without a warrant. If the arrest

DEC]

CHRONICLE.

185

WHS illegal « tbe Proctor would be
involved in a charge of manelaugb-
ter. The Jury after a long then ed
consultation, returned the follow-
ing verdict —

** We find that Elizabeth ITowe
died of rheumatic fever, caused bj
a violent cold caught at the Spin-
ning-house, on the night of the
6th of November ; f*hc having been
conveyed thither in the custody of
William Townley Kiiigsley, Proc-
tor of the University » and confined
for that night in a cold antl damp
cell, from ihe effects of which she
died. The Jury cannot separate
without expressingiheir abhorrence
at a system which sanctions the
apprehension of females when not
offending ngaiost the general law
of the land, and confining them in
a gaol unfit for the worst of felons.
The Jury also request the Coroner
to forward a report of the whole of

■ the proceedings to the Secretary of
State for ihe tlomc Department/'
In conse<|uence of this verdict
the following correspondence took,
place —

" Cambridge, Dec. 7, 1R46.

"Sir^ — A tan inquest held by mo
on the 3rd and 4th instant* on view
of the body of Elizabeth Howe, the
jury returned the following ver-
dict : — [as above. ]

** In accordance with the request
of the jury, I herewith forward
copies of the depositions taken at
the inquest.

** I beg leave to state that I en-
tirely concur in the sentiments ex-
pressed by the jury.

** I entertained considerable
doubts a<* to the power claimed by
the proctors uf the University to
appreliond without warrant, pro-
Btitutes who are not guilty of
disorderly or indecent conduct,
especially as the University of

Cambridge is not mentioned in the
tliird section of the 6tb of George
TV., cap, 1*7 ; but, as the power
in question has been exercised for
a long period, I did not feel myself
warranted in directing the jury
tliat the imprisonment of the de-
ceased was clearly illegal.

** I beg leave to call your attention
to the fact that the keeper of Ilob-
son's Workhouse, commonly called
tho Spimiing-house, h allowed to
sell provisions to tho prisoners
under his charge.

** If it should appear to you, that
tlie state of this prison requires
further investigation, I shall bo
glad to give any assistance in my
power. — I have the honour to he.
Sir, your most obedient ^errant,
" C, n. Cooi-ER,
** Coroner of tire? Dorotigh
of Cambridge.
"The Rij^lit Hon. Sir Georee Groy,

Bftrt.^ Secretary of State forme Home

Department'*

" WhitclialK Dec. 10, Jg46.

*' Sir — I am directed by Secre-
tary Sir George Grey to acknow-
knlge the receipt of your lettt-r of
the 7th instant, infonning him of
the verdict of a jury, on an ioqucst
held by you as coroner, in the case
of Elizabeth Howe, lately deceased ;
transmitting also, by the request of
the jury, copies of the depositions
taken at the inquest. Yon have
fnrthercommunieated to Sirtfcorge
Grey tho sentiments of the jury
expressed on that occasion, with
reference both to the practice of
apprehending females not offend-
ing against the general law of rho
land, and to t!ie unfit state nf the
prison in which they are confined,

•• Sir George Grey dii^ects tiio
to inform you. in reply, that the
several particularni to which you
have called his attention will bo
carefully considered by him, and

186

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

he will make an carlj communica-
tion upon the subject to the Yice-
Chancellor. — I am, Sir, jour obe-
dient itervant,

«' S. M. Philupps.
"To th« Coroner of the Borough of
Cambridge."
4. The Fisaxcial Crisis of
1839. — The following paragraph
which appeared in the ** City Ar-
tide*' of The Times this daj, is
supposed to hare been written
either by authurit v or bv some per-
son accumtely informed upon the
transaction to which it relates. It
created much interest in connection
with the present drain of bullion
from the Bank of France, and is of
itself interesting and instructire.

** From various paragraphs dur-
ing the last few days, both in the
London and continental papers, on
the present condition of the Bank
of France, an impression seems
generally to prevail, that in the
year 1839 the Bank of England
obtaineil relief from danger by a
loan from that institution, and
opinions are consequently expressed
that if similar aid should now be
required in return, it could not
with propriety bo refused. The
idea, however, of a loan having at
any time been made by the Bank
of France to the Bank of England,
is altogether erroneous. In July,
1839, the bullion in the Bank
of Enii^land had fallen below
3,000,000/. sterling, while its rate
of discount was as high as oi per
cent. It was evident that the
causes for the existing drain con-
sisted more in distrust abroad,
founded on a belief that the Bank
of England could not long continue
specie payments, than in an un-
faTDurable balance of trade, or a
mi for sovereigns to hoard at
MEoe. Parties on the continent
WW out all their bahinces here,

And aa much more ms their eor-
respondents would give tli^ii credit
for, discounted the acceptances in
London, and, in the absenee of
foreign bills, took gold finom the
Bank of England. Under these
circiunstances it was impossiUe
that exports of produce ana mano*
factures from England could take
place immediately to a soffident
extent to counteract the eril ; hot
it was seen that the difficulty
would be met if a temporary crea-
tion of bills on the continent could
be effected. With this yiew, the
Bank of England engaged to trans-
fer English securities as a guaran-
tee to Messrs. Baring* Brothers,
and Co., or those whom they
should name, and this house ar-
ranged to draw three months*
bills for 40,000,000f. on yarions
houses in Paris. These hills,
which Baring, Brothers, and Co.
negotiated upon 'Change (paying
the proceeds into the Bank, so as
gradually to act upon the circula-
tion), fully supplied the trade de-
maud for remittances hence, and
equally served to meet all paper on
England remitted here for returns,
as they proved a better return than
gold. At the end of three months,
when the acceptances feU due, the
same amount was redrawn, so as
to cover each acceptor by bills on
his neighbour, thus prolonging the
operation to six months ; but, b^ore
the expiration of this period, the
supply of the regular remittances
of commerce had been such as to
enable Messrs. Baring to liquidate
all the engagements in Paris, and
to restore the pledged securitks to
the Bank of England.

*' From this statement the Bank
of France will appear to hare had
nothing to do with the operation ;
but a mode by which they facili-
tated its progress, and which

DEC]

CHRONICLE.

187

doubtloss gave rise to tlie errone-
ous suppositions which have Bince
been eDtertained on the subject,
TOniaiii^i to he toetitioDed. The
draughts drawn by Messrs. Baring
on the various French hoiuea wefo,
of course, liable to he preaenled
lor discount to the Bank of Franee,
and, as these fimis, respectively,
had credits only to a certain limit
with that iostitution, there was a
possibiHtj that their rejection
mituhi become necessary, owing to
such hniits being exceeded. This
difficulty was calculated to produce
an injurious effect, and application
was therefore made to the Bank of
France, in order that it might be
overcome. An understanding was
accordingly entered into by the
Bank of Franct% that the draught a,
in case thoy sIiouM make their ap-

Ipearance, shouhl he discounted
without regard to ttie limits in
question. This preeautionarY ar-
rangenicnt, however, proved to
Jiave been scarcely essential ; for
the ilraughts being of the first
character, and the rate of discount

I at the Bank of France being some-
what higher than the market
rate, they were readily discounted
out of doors, and hence it is be-
lieved that hut a very small pro-
portion found their way into that
establishment.
•• The only claim, therefore, that
can be urged upon the Bank of
England in the way of reoipriK*ity
is, that supposing the Bank of
yranoe should now, for the pmpOHo
of jmrdmaiog siher from us, adopt
H method analogous to that just
described, the same facilities of
discount slunild be aftoriled with
regard to the parties upon whom
they might procure bills. These
would, doubtless, consist of lending
houses, whoso acceptances would
at all times be received with avidity

m

by the ordinary money-lenders, and
such an engagement on the part of
tlie Bank of England would there-
fore involve no great stretch of
generosity.

** From the present aspect of
atfairs it seems by no means im-
probable that some measure of this
description will be resorted to by
the Bank of France, and It is im-»i
portant to recognise that if sucli^
should be the ease it must cause
an immediate rise in the discount •
market. A demand from a nen
source for two millions, or even for '
only one million, could not come
suddenly upon us without prodne-
iug a decided increase in the pre-
vailing rates, and thus another is
added to the numerous reasons
which already exist to call for the
exercise of caution.**

5. Highway RonBEnv and at-
tempted MuRDKR. — Hertford. — A
most atrocious and desperate case
of highway robbery and attempted
murder was heard at the Shire
H all , T h e prison e rs we r e C h a r! ea
Pearse and Benjamin Smith, two
ferocious- looking young men, who
have been in the habit of travelling
about the country under the pre-
tence of selling brushes, but whose
chief occupation is believed to have
lioen robbery- The prosecutor is
a dealer in earthenware ; for some
years past well known in Hertford,
as an honest industrious man.
The occurrence took place about a
fortnight since, but the prosecutor
had not previously sufficiently re-
covered from the eifects of the
wounds he received to appear
before the bench. He appeared
very weak, nnd was obliged to be
accommodated wltli a chair during
the inquiry. Hi** head and face
presented a frightftd appearance,
Wing cut in all directions, and in
some places large pieces of floah

T .--1 I.ZGISTER.

[1846

r* •-• *.: -

i.'.'. I v.- 11.: >■:■■-. --J T-rs-.- I
';r!-': I '. -'. ""ii-l.'.-. "K-Li.- ^rv t.-
t: r I -.1 :..: Lrir a-_T ;•:!>:::

t h'r i « ■: t r i ' i -r of n J V } I e i' 1 . a r. ■: f.-. : ■. -r •?
f hiid \:uih to *jM*uk I r'X-e:T.>ii
nfiotii'.-r ori tij<- i'^j» of my lit-ad.
wlii*;li caii>-'f'J ilie bloO'J to run out
of my <mr*, '.-y*:-, noj!**, ami mouth,
to hiich nil 'fxtciit that I wa^ nearly
f:hoh(f<l. I thi.-n f<rlt that two pcr-
HOMH had hy htmio. nioanH ^ot into
my cart from heliiml. Ah they still
ftoritinucd beating m<>, I said, '*For
(ioir* 'Wi't murder mc.

WJf i?" One of the

prii you, your

uioi * I replied that

I llxl. a-T c*n any monej, TLej
t:.-:! in-?^*- nif a own in the bottom
- Hi- rsir:. and <iiie Ftill continued
=rrli::i-^ nif Llinm the head,
»^:ili>- iixt '^Uier was «earcliing my
"!• _kr»> hui. not sncce«^ing in
zii czz^ n-^niimeT. odc- said, *" Let's

n.'^^-- zif. ! , and then we can

=-'-;—: i-at ittier ;" and the other
•^V.-u • Si w* win : he's got
* -:>•*- i»r-:-i,nr-f hi' said he had sold
*.* Hi- ;r •'•ll^ : and ibey imniedi-
i.:-.- :-.ra:T:!f^ne**L i»ea ting mo about
::■: L-.'A»L :l fc ni'itst unmercifiil
i:.«!i!'t- 7 7 ;'!iif rime I was nearly
: :> •i.-u. li? I :'--^i my throat was
Tiling -rrX iMd.iil. EL'd feeling as-
^•^-■.•i. :i;r.: I s<biinjci W murdered if
:>->TXj!:'-; f:}L iii'T arrive. 1 by some
ii'-.Lz.y zi\i^i\uz-?i ix ierk mysilf ont
.•r nj r;.-: T h-. j«erson5 foUowed
r»: Li'L r-.*5r'z':'ji«d their efforts to
HT^-ar-T n:. aiid finding myself
TL t . ^:rp wvT-tsi. and completely
Si. TLn:--'i w:il "r-ki-r^d. I g-ave myself
rr ■-■r j.'f:. ^hvn the j»ersons who
▼ ■--r aj'Si,..'.T:r.r mo. hearing some
:»:—^ !.!> i ■■™:ri£:. ran •»fF.

?;» 11- iVr'.h. — Pid yon know
ti-. T i:--: vf Tho persitn who said»
■■ Y.ur T...'T:ix V.T your life f"'

rr:->-:-:u:.-r. — Yvs : 1 immedi-
a:-:'.y rct ;:!iisc*d the voice to be
S:L::r.'?. arid the party who said,
" L-:: ns murder him first,'' was
the pn>t'nor Fearse.

r>y the Bench. — ^Vhat did they
rx:«l* y.>u of f

Froseeutor. — 2d,, a comb, and a
knife.

By the Bench. — Was that all the
money you had ?

Prosecutc»r. — Xo, I had between
4/. and oL in one of my pockets,
but the prisoners did not search
that pocket.

William ITyde said, on Sun-
day, the 22nd, he found the stick
which he now produced, lying near
the spot where the robbery took

DEC]

C H R O N I C L

189

place. There was a great quantity
of blood near tlie spot. Witness
also fouii<i the lining of a man's
hat.

The Btick (which hore evident
proof of having been used on the
oecftsion, being covered with blood)

^kras produced.

^m Other witnesses, who eaw the
prisoners at the piiblie-hoixse, and
on the road, corrohorated the evi-
deoce of Jarvis ; and the police in-
spector stated that at the house of
Pearae's mother he found a pair of

» Woody trousers and a pair of boots
covered with blood, which belonged
to Pcarse.

Both prisoner a were eonomitted

I for triflh
— A Steamer on FniE. — The
Shannon steam packet* Captain
Ifoppett, belonging to the British
and Irish Steam Backet t'onrpany,
arrived at bcr moorings in Cat-
^twater, Plymouth, at half-past two
^vin the morning. Being a very
thick, foggy night, the passengers
remained in their bertha ; but at
llalf-past five were alanned hy tlic
iuddcn orders of Captain Moppett,
[whop observing snioke issuing
through the cabin floor, rushed on
rdeck and ordered all hands to lie
Dut and clear the main hold. There
irere upwarda of 120 passengers
' on board, and many of them ruahed
to the sidea of tlie vessel with such

I eagerness that two women fell into
Ihe water, and were with some
difficulty rescued by a seaman pas-
henger. As soon as possible her
moorings were cast off* and she was
run ashore to the east of Mr.
^^Bill's shipbuilding yard, Catte-
^Bdown. She was then scuttled, hut
^Bthe flames were then ascending
^Bironi the hold ; and it wai^ not
^B^until the lapse of several hours,
^?^that by the strenuoos exertions of
five engines, the fire was subdued.

Very little of the effects, earned
into the after-cabius by the pas-
sengers, was saved ; but the fore
cabin and deck passengers did not
lose any of their luggage.

The vessel had a valuable lading
on hoard. The Plymouth goods
from London, were in the upper
part of the fore hold, and were all
saved. Those in the lower part
were for Dublin, and were much
damaged by water. The goods
from Plymouth (sugar, &c.), were
not shipped- Tho Falmouth and
Dnbhn goods were in the main hold,
and were seriously injured. The
cause of the fire cannot he ascer-
tained, but it is supposed to have
originftted from the spontaneous
combustion of some material in the
cargo in the main hold.

d. Accident to tije Emperor of
Russia. — An accident, which had
nearly been attended with fatal
Consequences, has occurred to the
Emperor of Ruseia, On the 9th
instant, the Emperor was on his
route from St. Betersburgh to
Warsaw, and had arrived at the
border of the large river at Kjow>
where there is no bridge : a tem-
porary platform had been con-
structed to nm the Emperor's
travelling carriage into the ferry-
boat : it gave way, and the car-
riage was precipitated into the
water. The Emperor, with Count
Orlotf, who was also in the car-
riage, was obliged to escape by the
windows, and wade up to his mid-
dle in the water ; and as the cur-
rent was running very strongly and
the river was full of ice, no little
danger was incurred. Tho Em-
peror abandoned his intended visit,
nnd turned back for 8t. Beters-
hurg ; probably thinking the im-
mersion a bad omen.

12. HCRRICA.NE AT GeKOA> —

Accounts from Genoa describe a

- .1 r I SISTER. [1846

1.: : .Lfr*-* rn&i t^ -Z'-^t^ wm5 to smre i nnzf
r ■ r: : .-.is— -£c*« Bt fre o'dofk,

»-rr»-*, l-mrr r-^iuil V»e doof ".'^

-- I' r tj_- '-^' — £ -is«-*ip* roIjwo«i <rf

- -~ ' '>_:---:--^-. . -.TT- lin-ik-y. ank-'«

- - •■ - r^~^ in . & -B-* *.-:• j*rti(t •.'

^^^. T.»j_- ^jLiT-*--:::; bTr SAJC TO Lite

■■^■^— = 1. "•—""V.J.---. •"••? f ^rCt- JTTID-

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«c*:ia:> ia4 i noifn- low w?it»:r. r.o l-r-a: could cet out.

••***^- •^■' ^ H?f«,ri; Mr. Iloherts. ovorsoerof Mawc^n,

At AdUtu wk guy . tlicroforc swam to the boat, when

DEC]

CHRONICLE.

191

^

k

he was horrified to find that it con-
tained six men in the very lest
Btage of starvation and nearly dead
from exposure, and ten dead corpses
of raen who had perished. With
the assistance of the coast gnard
the boat was hronght to land. The
|K)or fellows who wcro alive were
instantly conveyed to the coast-
guard station at Maw^an Forth,
where every humane assistance
waa rendered them ; and though in
a very exhausted state they all re-
covered. The dead Itodies were
all landed and plflced in a harn.
At the inquest on the bodiea of the
ten men who had perished, the fol-
lowing evidence was given by
George Mickley, one of ihe sur-
vivors : — ** I am a seaman belong-
ing to the bark IlopCy of Liver-
pool. Wo were coming from Kio,
with a cargo of guano; we sailed
about twelve weeks since* The
captain's name was W^illiam Jones.
Wc had twenty-six men on boards
and had been short of provisions
for some time. On reaching the
coast of Ireland we experienced
very bad weather, and the ship got
on shore, W^e got ber off again»
and came to an anchor. The next
day wo got under weigh, and sailed
for Liverpool or some other port.
The weather was then fair, but
soon became squally, with snow
nhowers* This was on the lOth
instant. W^e then tried to get to
Fishguard Bay, but t!ie weather
became worse» and the pumps
became choked and useless. AH
hands were called, and it was de-
termined to leave the ship. The
captain with his officers and some
seamen, ten altogether, went into
the gig; the remaining sixteen of
us got into the long boat, with a
Bad and two oars, but no provisions,
hoping to see some vessel to take
us up. Wc saw the captain and

his party get into a schooner, and
we tried to pull nj* to her, l>ut eould
not. It then came tm to blow
hard, with snow showore, and we
lost sight of her* Wc broke one
of the oars, and the boat became
umnanageable, and drifted with the
tide. The next day Jacob WiU
ham8» a Swede, died from the
eifects of the cold, some of the
others on the 12th, and three on
the 13th instant. \\\' knew not on
what coast we were wlion taken up
by the coast gum-d, who have taken
us into their houses and shown us
every attention.'*

15. Rah.way Accident,— An
accident occurred on the Afanches-
ter and RoUon RailwoVt attended
with the loss of two liveSr and in-
juries to many persons. The ex-
press train which leaves Bolton, at
eleven a.m., being a little behind its
time, was driven at great speed : a
little before arriving at the Clifton
station, the engine run off the line
up an cmbiinkment and was over-
turned ; the tender, which had run
past the engine during its summer-
set, was overturned on the rails,
the passengers' carriages aeatterrd
in different directions, and one up-
set. Many of the passengers were
injured and bruised ; the engine
driver was killed on the spot ; the
stoker had his right foot cut off,
and his left leg fractured in two
places, and died a few days after.

^- TnE 8uB\t ARISE TELEGrtAPK

AT rtiUTsMOiTTn.—An invahiable
extension of the application of this
wonderful invention has been
effected at Portsmouth. It i.^ now
about three years since the electric
telegraph from the Nine El ma
terminus to the terminus at Goa-
port was first eatablished. Subse-
quently, from the ineonvenieueo
experienced at the Admiralty Oflico
at Fortsmouth, because of the dia-

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

^
^

I

Uokce^o ihc telegraph sUtlon, the
wires were continued finom that
pl&ce to the Hoy id Clarence-yard.
Bj this addition, however, although
the incouTenience was lessened, h
wa^ far from being removed, for
the harbour jet interrened, leav-
ing a distance of upwards of a mile
to the AdniirarB house uncon-
nected. Notwithstanding the de-
sire of the authorities, both at
Portsmouth and London, that the
telegraph should be extended to
tho dockyard, no attempt had
hitherto been made to do so, be-
cause it had been considered im-
possible to convey it under water.
An offer, indeed, was made to the
Admiralty to lay down a telegraph
enclosed in metallic pipes, whieh
were to be fixed under the water
by the aid of diving bells. This
scheme, however, w*as thought to
be impracticable. Whatever diffi-
culties may have hitherto inter-
fered to prevent the establiijhment
of submarine telegraphs, they ap-
pear now to have been easily over-
come, for the time occupied in con-
veying the eiteusion wires of the
telegraph from shore to shore, to
the transmitting signalfi, did not
occupy a quarter of an hour. The
telegiaph, which has tlio apjiear-
ance of an ordinary rope, was
coiled into one of the dockyard
boata, one end of it being made
fast on shore, and as tlie boat was
pulled across the telegra|4iie rope
was graduidly paid out over the
stern, its snpcrior gravity
it to sink to the bottoi
ately. Tho telegraph
but this line, and,
along the various niilw^
no return wires to per "

coit. The electric Mi

ttittcd from the bntti

dockyard, through tho^

iiifiulaUjd wiro» to

fihore« the fluid retanung to th*
negative pole through the water
without the aid of any metallic
conductor, except a abort place (^
wire tlirown over the dockjanl
parapet into the water, connecting
it with the batteries. The fact of
the water acting as a ready retnni
conductor has been established be-
yond question; for to test this
most thoroughly, i-epeatcd erperi-
menta were made in the presence
of some of the principal dockyard
authorities, including the heads
of the engineering department*.
There can no longer be any doubt
that, without reference to distance,
the water will act as a return con*
ductor in completing the circuit.
In 1842 Mr* Snow Harris, when
proving the efficiency of hia light-
ning conductors in his experiments
from this dockyard to the Ort*t€i,
exemplified that water would serve
to complete the electric circuit ; on
that occasion, however, the distance
traversed by the return current
through the water was but trifling
compared with the space aecom* i
plished in the present instance. 1
Independent of the simplicity of
this submarine telegraph, it has an
advantage which even the tele-
graphs on land do not possess —
in the event of accident it can be
replaced in ten minutes. The suc-
cess of the trial here has, it is said,
determined the inventors to lay
down a line across the Channel
from England to Prance, under the
sanction of the respective Qovem-
ments*

— Police. — Marlhonmgh
•ccf.— R, Hawkins, a lad, was
•ged with having thrown W,
igley, another lad, from the
lery of the Tottenham Street

itre into the pit,
[t appeared from the evidence
X a dispute arose between the

^

DEC]

c ril^Tt C L E.

19.1

A a fi

tIefeDdant atul tlie eoniplainant at
the theatre on Monday night » priu-
ci[mlly throiijt^li the mishohavHiiir
of tlie eoraplainaiit towards a cau|de
of joung woHicTi, who were seated
Dear the defendaut. The con-
stable OD duty was appealed to»
and he threatened to remove the
complainant from the tlieatre if tie
persisted in lih injprupor eundnet.
At the chDse of the pei-fornmiice the
dispute was renewed hetween tlie
parties. The complainant aimed
a hlow at the defendant » which was
returned by a hh>\v on the head
that liBoeked him over the low
railing of the gallery, causing him
to fall into the pit* The complain-
ant was taken up in an im^ensible
state, and removed to Middlesex
Hospital, where lie was examined
hy a surgeon, but no boiies were
found tiJ be broken. It appeared
that notwithstanding the terrible
fall sustained by llie con]|dainant
be was in a very short time enabled
to get up and to walk homo from
the hospital. He presented bim-
self in conrt to make bis complaint,
apparently little or none the worse
for his descent, altbongh the height
he fell from was not less than
twenty-four feet.

As the occurretice iJiras f|uite ac-
cidental, Mr. Long ordered the
defendant to be discharged.

— TuK Weather. — The winter
began early in December, and
after a partial return of milder
weather set in with intense frost
about the 8tb instant. At eigbt
o'clock on Monday morning, the
]Oth, the mercury was fourteen
degrees below the freezing-point.

A number of venturous persona
began skating and sliding on the
waters in tbo Parks on Monday.
Many got a ducking by the breaking
of tb© ice; and daring the afternoon
a fatal casualty occurred in St.

Vol. LXXX\ III.

James's Park: three persons were
immersed by a breakage, and one,
a young man, perished before be
could b e go tout. T h ree acci den t s
happened on Tuesday : a man and
a boy knocked each other down
while sliding, and the man's arm
was broken, while the boy 8uflere<l a
fracture of the skull. A man fell
wbile skating, and broke bis collar*
bone. Many accidents retmlted
from the slippery state of the
streets. A barge w as found in the
li^er drifting without any one iu
charge: it had left Chelsea witk
a lighterman on board, but marks
on the gunwale seemed to indicate
that tbe man had slipped off, from
the vo.saers edge being covered
with frozen snow. By \Yednesday
morning the Thames presented a
continuous stream of ice in tlic mid-
channel.

In the metropolis only a small
quantity of snow fell, but there
was a good deal throughout the
country. Newcastle was so cut off
from its communications by a heavy
fall of snow, that it resembled a
besieged city, The Carlisle traina
were brought to a Htand-still near
Uexbam, and six remained blocked
np on tbe line from Saturday to
ifonday, tbo passengera, after en-
during intense cold, making their
escape on foot. The traina from
North Shields and York 5*utTered
the same fate, the passengers in
one instance having to walk be-
tween four and tive miles to the
nearest vUlnge through tbe track-
less snow, in tbe middle of a dark
and intensely cold night. The
London mail train due at Newcastle
at eleven o'clock on Saturday did
not arrive until Monday night. An
attempt was made to clear the
lines from the enow, by tbe united
efforta of six engines yoked to-
gether, but without effect ; and
0

\
\

\

— tfe^t
her

»r^

Ml

it.

T>EC.]

CHRONICLE.

103

returning fmra Hallow Cliurcli,
^hejx be WQ9 nccostcti l»y a beggar-
tiiaii» who told li'mi tliat there was
^H tome one lying dead in a field.
^vWitneBS acconipanied the lieggar,
^Vwho led him u> a spot hy the side
^f Df a cart-road ♦ ahout iOO yards
^^ distant from where he had last seen
the deceased, and there he found
the same woman lying on a heap of
short hop.poles, and quite dead
ftnd frozen. VVlirn the deceased
WB« found her shawl was under
her heail, and her cloak by her
side. Her gown was w^rapped
round her logs* Several mieo ran
from her clothes when these per-
sons approacheth and some of the ni
had hlttcn her in the arm.

19. Steam Boiler Explosion.
— Bristo ^ — S h or tly b efore nine
o'clock in the niorning, a dreadful
explosion occurred of the boiler
of a steam engine, on the works
of Messra. Stothert and Co., iron-
founders and locomotive enginc-
rriakers, Cheese Lane, St. Pliilip*B,
hy which it appeared that two men
were killed, and several severely
injured. Nutwithstanding there is
a printed rule in the works to the
contrary, the men» in consequence
of the severe weather, have been
in the habit of going into the
different engine^in uses ♦and sitting
upon and by the boilers of the
Bteam-engines» for the purpose of
the heat while taking llieir break-
fast. Upon this occasion a boy,
about sixteen years of age, named
Thomas Thatcher, and four men,
went into the engine-house, and
were taking their breakfast, when
suddenly an explosion of the boiler
took place, and the steam and
boiling water rushing out, they were
all most severely scalded* As soon
as the place became clear of steam
assidtance was given, and the five
sufferers, all of whom were scalded

in a dreadful manner, were re-
luovcd to the Bristol Infirmnrj',
the poor hoy Thatcher died from
the extent of his injuries before
reaching the Infinivary, and a man
named Walker died the same
night.

1?L Mi'tioKit ANr> SuiciDK. — A
shocking discovery was made by
two boys, who obtain a living liy
dredging along the water-side, who,
whilst passing along the bed of the
river, nearly opposite to Waterloo-
dock, were astonished at finding
the body of what they at first be-
lieved to be a man. They im-
mediately repaired to the coroner*s
constable, who sent a number of
men with a shell to the spot to
take possession of the body* It
being firmly embedded in the mud,
some difficulty was found in dis-
engaging it, when a horrible scene
present lhI itself. Instead of find-
ing, as they at first imagined, the
body of a man, they discovered
that it was the body of a woman,
with her child tied round her waist
by means of a piece uf rope yarn.
The arms of the woman were both
pressed round the neck of the
child, leaving ground for supposing
that in the agonies of death she
was finnly pressing the infant to
her breast. The two bodies were
immediately removed to the vaults
of St. John's Church, Waterloo
Road, where a more minute ex-
amination was made. It was tl*en
found that the child was a boy,
apparently about eleven months
old ; the woman seemed to be about
thirty years of age. They were
very n^eanly clad.

An inquest was held on the
bodies, when it appeared that the
nnfortnnate wonmn had been a
servant, had been seduced and
deserted, and that the child was
the fruit of her illicit intercourse,

0 2

li«r aNM AL REGISTER. [1846

-!;•- T i.- r ». ■.."^i. x—.-i'-^i I- jtc iujif'TiJ:* IB the Supplement:

t:»« .I.A- ,> . - : ;•■::>'• : 'n-- buc. w iTA^t^ d&znages from the

i.^l: :^ . : ;.^: :* .*.:r. :. :• :■::- \•ss>^ Kukik for the copie? "pi-

^ jv: ::^ «: . ;:.-.-: :.:^ i »::- -^'.u-Jij' s>;«"ii bv ibfin in the sub-

s:^ :► -^ : u-.i- :■ - i-l-.. ." >:tiiv:.: «c:ii:«r.. ii* Wfll as in a

*»'.?• -^.-.. .4^ •- - .::• ::::•: :...-^- Ofiiu'ii-i! sr i;i-- . TLe Jurr fomid

t:- 1 .r....: *.iw — : ..:r. t- :.:.--" ^r liif j-rooidaiTs. a verdict that

*'»>'...t': ■ I- -:.-'■- I » '• • - TL* -iK'^-'Ti-i ml-it A burst of ap-

:!.9. ^t» :.;.» '^^-: -. - ::.:!;; jv >TrTE .'r iKELAyp. — While

'vi* -.i... i.:-^ ;:.i. .I'l- ->.>-; - i^-r- iim ;• 'iii;:Tt.«L ;•:" !}■»€■ jii-c»ple of Ire-

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si'a ': r :i.:3.r> ":.x^ iJ-lsri: ca'culated
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jiLst delivered by the Government
officers 9tij>erinti'ndiug tbe public
works ! A letter aays —

•* Tlio peasftiitry are armed, or
Are arming, almost to a man.
The stores of the armourer are
more freqiienllj exhausted than
the provis^ioB stores. Auctioneers,
with carts laden witli Birming-
ham anna, attend almost every
fair or market in the county of
Cnvan, and tlie adjoining eounties.
The rapidity with which they
are sold is quite astonisliing. A
stranger would think the dread
invader of onr ronntry was not
famine, but a hostile armada. —
Yesterday, at the fair id" BiiUy-
jamesduff, two com pet i Tig aue-
tioneers sold large qimntities, at
the following prices, in the open
street, to the friezc'coated pea-

santrr —

£ #, d.
Double-barrelled detonatlof?
^tiiks, one barrel being

rifled *2 0 0

Muslets, with bayonelA .,„..! 0 0

Carbines, wild b«voDet» 0 12 f>

Horse pi«ioU .../. 0 ft 0

Pocket piirtola 0 5 0

Gunpowder, from Bd, to lOd. perpuund.
BuUet moiitlda fiom 4<I. to 6c/. each.

The Government maile a flight
effort to check this excitement, hy
issuing an official circular of warn-
ing ; the only etfeet of which was
to produce the following: —

** Wliercas many evil-disposed
persons* avail themselves of the
present scarcity of food as a pre-
text to commit acts of violence
against property, and otherwine
disturhing the peace of the conn*
try, — Ills Excellency the Lord-
Ltcutenant is pleased to grant all
her Mttjesty's peaceable and loyal
subjects* without distinction, the
power to liavc and to keep any
description of fire-arms for the
protection of the public peace, and

4

likewise their own homes and pro-
perty, without any restriction what-
ever, except an invoice or oertiti-
cate of the person from whom
the arms arc pnrchaaed. Thomas
M*Grade h privileged hy hi a Ex-
cellency, and fully empowered by
the Hon. the Board of Excise, to
otfer for shIo by auction to the
peaceable inhabitants of this town,
at the Assembly Rooms, Dublin
Street, 500 double and single
barrelled guns of various sorts,
and 1,000 pair of pistols, war-
ranted all double Tower proof,
5 00 » 000 percnsision eap.s, a largts
quantity of powder-flasks, shot-
Dags and belts, wash-rods, turn-
screws, and nipple-wrenches, &c.
Sale to commence on Wednesday
the 23d instant.

*' T110MA8 M' Grade,

** Lieenricd Auctioneer*
»» Castle Street, Dublin."

** N»B. The auctioneer's invoice
is all the licence required by the
purchaser for keeping arms.*'

The sale was not allowed to take
place in the Assembly Rooms ; but
the guns were isold at other rooms
in Dublin Street ; where, says
the account^ — " »o crowded was ^m
the meeting — so an x ions were the ^H
peasantry to secure arros— the
competition for guns, pistols, pow-
der, and percussion caps was so
great— that the auctioneer had
some difficulty in providing a supply
fur the demand ; guns and pistols
being purchased the moment they
were put up to auction. In fact,
the country people, who crowded
the town, marched off all araicd ;
and the novehy of the sale was
snch^ and so urgent the demoud,
that during the days of sale the
room was crowded hy this class,
the bidding being momentarily, and
the supply incessant.'*

A^ might be expected, the pof-

j.n

*-l Irl-I^'TEiL

[1846

:nttir ::. — — ..: i :.. " - -:-::-.-::-

•**i"""" 'V.' ll--'' .1 - T. -. . " 11.-'^.!'- -^

■ni:r-r ---riii" n. •:: --^ n. '^■•■■r-
u.iii — ^ •■.'*" i:i*i.''-: ' '.:■: i»i.;"':r.-^'i
L.y.-i:';- n *•:■ ^.l.■:■: i.*: ♦:-?= ::-

Mlt.! .'Li... Z Ln 17 ri. !-■:•:-:"-:•»

lis--: :*-• ■ r:^ •'ji-.-rz^.".'. ▼!.• r-.i^;-r
Tit -. s r .■;.-.■: - ini '--•: r*. - >_- n

I f

folio •»::;:; rr. 4r. r -^ r : — '.':. ,- *-r i n oi- =i-
fortA'/!*- oircni^^ir:'':';?. an- 1 who
O'jM riot rK: a!f*:o:»r<i much r.-v :h«=r
fall'ir^rof th<; pK^ut«> cr 'p, am'.»«jrit».-«l
to \*f*),^i^)*); tKoro who only do-
|»«rrid'r*i for ihr^rrr-fourth* of the
yi'.tir ijj;ori fiotiito*-?, to 1^0^^0^»0 ;
thoH«; who (lopond'-fl upon that
«»ro|i for ih*i whohr year, to 1 30,000.
Th^MO iiiirrihcr.H wen? an afiproxi-
inatioii to thrt truth. Mr. M'Lood
r«iul wviTiil oth<;r fi^iiroH ; of
which the n*Miilt wiih, tlint in tho
IlighlnndN and UlaiMl- '^ Scotland
Uujrfl w«nj.'i.'JO,0' tprivod

of tho UHual II t<Mi(*o

thJH year. Of 0 ro-

quirod onfliHtai loni

to live over th wy

did not assist ly.

;i-*— "!.-.»• iKT^iHtf 'P'laiii aare to

—.1 Zirr'.r r.-T>. liut -RE TZfi^T «e«d-

•.-^. iiM -111--T irr;*-iT &5«Trs>j the

"■.-"■•-sr T -r -iif -imr*. Tfre-'iifher

-,-. ^i,-.- :uti?ii :r-nii «Arraiio!i.
T": — T ▼ —- ";:« m^r f;iA.ri?T^c^ he

T:.:r Ti.- i..«Tt'--?r. iclj lie he-
rn.i.::^ 'f -->? sirr-rT^z-r in tbe
Z ,:-:i;ii:.i.> Z«j«£ &» 'i 'wa^. it was
fii -Hi? nt:r»'a.^. I? »-** lerrible
:■ V -ill - ▼ .iii.L \*r TAT wvr*e in
r^-n^ Z'lr iZ. -ri-xl-i feel that
<jcir:--~i:- r*n .'•:ui i::-i br^anless,
i,:». ri~- M* * filial jiisa of the
2ii. i:~r l" -'ir: iLicrr** wbk-b pre-

Ai':Citdr -fc^fAi-rr skl-i : — He did

Ti.r fi-rit.s**? -Jia: :!:* w*::.',v of Sky c
r.'i.'i ri.-n:>Z i^-hitt barrels of
■3«.ui: »:•!- TT** ;f L*.?**-?. The po-
TiLiiir.-.n 2 in:icr^ 4.'.*yi *«?ul5. Of
Tii'.*-^. ::rar> 2..»>.' .:^fvnpT small
*r.!::-. -vijr^ LiTr D.>t yei yielded
si^'.-.rrz: t-: fziT^wrt them for three
rz - :> 5. Fnr' otb^r J J»:» were in
1 ?:a:« :' a^«'>Iute destitution.
Bu: :h-r wh:le 4.'»' would im-
mr-iiitely be lert destitute. The
pr»7pr!e:i>r was Lord Maedonald ;
wh'.» h.id already made such ar-
ranzeraents for relieving the people
£= would inrolre an e.Tpenditure
greater than the rental of the
island. It was therefore plain,
that unless the proprietor were as-
sisted the people eould not be sup-
p^»rted. The letter concluded by
stating, that from the writer's ex-
perience the destitution in 1836-7
vas nothing at all compared to
that impending at present.

Tho Government have not been
remiss in their efforts to administer
relief to these distressed districts.
Sc^viM-al vessels laden with meal,
r\ct\ and other kinds of food have
been despatched to the points
where they are most urgently re-

DEC]

CHRONICLE.

199

^

k
»

q^nirod, ami as the comparative
fewness of the population bring**
them more witliiii the reach of
hum an n id , tl i e e x t reme of s iifi'e ri ii g
may happily tin prevented.

— Destiti'tion in BKLiaiM.— ^
While the ditftTent districts of this
wealthy country are sutiering the
miseries of scarcity , it is not to he
supptTst'd that other coimtriea have
escaped the viaitatiou. The dis-
tress in France has already been
mentioned : Bdgium is in a still
mf>rc surt'ering condition.

A It^tter written at Courtrni, on
the ISth itiHtant, says —

** The distress which is raging
at present iimung our population
has caused the estahlisbment of
slaughter-houses for hori^oit in
several villages* which compete
with the cstahlibihed hiitchers. As
soon tiB it is liiiown that a horse
has been sdanffhtcrcd, the flc^h is
inunediately punliased hy the ope-
rative elastics at twidvi^ centimes
or hi, the pt>untl weight." The
Journal de Garni, of the 19th»
states, that on that day a Imnd
can&isting of fifteen persons at-
tacked the Inikers' ^hops in that
city, and plundered llieni of all
their bread. Two of these rioters
were arreated and lodged in prison.
The number of iudigent inscribed
on the books of the cliaritahb? as-
sociation?* amounts to from 7U0»OOO
to 80()jn)0, out of a poptdation of
4,00f»,nr:i0--that is, nearly a fifth
of the popidation.

— Use of Ether in SrRGEny.
A iliscovery of the very highest im-
portance in operative surgery, and
in practical medieiru', has heen made
by Doctors Jackson and Morton,
eminent surgeons, of Bos ton ♦ in
the United States. The following
letter, published in the "' Brithh
and Foreign Mediral fferit^w,'^

given a succinct account of thia
useful discovery : —

" Boston, Nov. 2».

" I found on my arrival here, &
new thing in the medical world, or
rather the new application of an
old thing, of which I think you
will like to hear. It is a mode of
rendering patients insensible to the
pain of surgical operations, by the
inhalation of the vapour of the
strongest sulphuric ether. They
are thrown into a state nearly re-
sembling that of complete into;cica>
tion from ardent spirits, or of
narcotisnt from opium* This state
continues hut a ft^w miuutes — fire
to ten — Init during it the patient
is insensible to pain* A thigh has
been amputated, a breast extir-
pated, teeth drawn, without the
slightest suffering. The number
of operations of various kinds^
espeeially those in vlentistry, has
been very considerable, and 1 believe
but fi^w persons resist the influence
of the agent.

'' The otfect is not exactly the
same on all. In some the insensi-
bility is entire, and the patient is
aware of uothing which is going
on ; in others a certain degree of
the power of perception remains,
the patient knows what the opera-
tor is doing, perceives him, for ex-
simple, take hold of a tooth and
draw it out, feels the grating of
the instrument, but still has no
pain.

** There are no subsequent ill
effects to detract from the value of
this practice, none even so great
as ihose which foUow a common
dose of opium. One person told me
she had some unpleasant sensations
in the head for a hhort time, and
was weak, languid* and faintish
through the day, but not more so

4

200

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

than sbe ordinarilj was from hav-
ing a tooth drawn. Another told
me that he experienced something
of the same kind, and, in addition,
that his breath smelt very strongly
of ether for forty-eight hours, and
was indeed so strongly impregnated
with it as to affect the air of the
room in which he sat, so as to be
disagreeable to others.

*' One of our best operative sur-
geons informs me that he regards
it as chiefly applicable to cases of
the large and painful operations
which are performed rapidly, and
do not require any very nice dis-
aeeUon ; but that for the more
ddieate operations, which require
some time, he would prefer to have
the patient in his usual state. But
it is impossible at present to judge
what will be the limits to the ap-
]dication of such an agent. Objec-
tions may arise of which we do not
dream, and evils may be found to
follow, which we do not now per-
ceive. Still it certainly promises
much in surgery, and perhaps may
be capable of application for other
purposes besides the alleviation of
pain. Would it not be worthy of
trial in tetanus, in asthma, and in
▼arious cases of violent internal pain,
especially from supposed spasms ?

** It was brought into use by a
dentist, and is now chiefly em-
ployed by that class of practi-
tioners. He has taken out a patent
for the discovery, and has de-
spatched persons to Europe to
eecure one there also ; so you will
soon hear of it, and probably have
an opportunity of witnessing its
effeets. — Faithfully yours,

"John Ware."

To this letter is appended a
number of cases in which the
discovery was successfully applied.
These consist of the extraction of

the molar teeth, amputation of the
leg, kc. During these painful opera-
tions, the patients were insensible to
pain. The discovery was immedi-
ately turned to use in the London
Hospitals. Mr. Listen, at the
London University Hospital, ampu-
tated the thigh of a man, and re-
moved part of a nail in onychia (a
very painful operation), the patients
having been previously narcotised
by the vapour of ether ; and oth^
successful applications have been
made. The vapour does not seem
to have the same effect on all
patients, and some do not seem
affected by it.

28. Court Martial. — This
morning a Court Martial was held
on board the Victory, at Porte-
mouth, to try Commander Fre-
derick Patten, of Her Majesty's
late sloop Osprey, 12 guns, and
the officers and ship's company
generally, for the loss of that ves-
sel, on the western coast of New
Zealand, in March last.

Some evidence was brought
forward ; but a simple statement
of the circumstances of the wreck
carried with it the exculpation of
the parties under trial. There are
two places on the coast of New
Zealand, within fifteen miles o^each
other, known as True Hokianga,
and False Hokianga. They resem-
ble each other in so extraordinary a
manner as to baffle the most experi-
enced navigator. The coast has
never been surveyed. The ship
made the True Hokianga in the
evening, and then stood off for the
night ; during which the weather
became boisterous, and the Otprey
drifted to the northward, opposite
the False Hokianga. Commander
Patten was not aware of the exist-
ence of the two places so exactly
resembling one another. In the

DEC]

CHRONICLE.

2011

I

morning be found tho I and marks
and eompass bearings precisely tbe
same as on the previous evening,
A iia^ like that at IIoki«inga, was
raised as a signal [probably by a
native] in reply to a gun ; Captain
Patten appoaehed the land in full
confidence ; and the ship struck
within tliree miie» of the ebore.

In hid defence Commander Pat-
ten gives an acet»unt of the t>ul)se-
quent proceedings of the gbip^a
company, &o much to their credit,
and affording so strong a contrast
to the miserable scenes that fol-
lowed a wreck in former days* that
it is worth preserving. The gallant
ofliecr Rays : —

'* Every effort was instantly
made by bracing the yards round
to extricate Her Majesty's sloop
from her dangerous position. Tlii^,
nnfortunately, conld not he aceom-
pliBhcdj as the rudder soon became
unshipped and the main boom
carried away, which rendore<l the
vessel unmanageable. The after-
part of the up|ier deck was also
knocked up from striking the
bottom with much force. Four
feet of water being in the well, and
the heavy rollers pouring down, I
directed the ma»t to be cut away,
the guns thrown overboard, and
batches seemed down, wliich was
most promptly and ably tbuie, re-
flecting the greotCHt credit on the
officers and' ship's company, by
whose energy the lives of all were
saved at that critical period ; nnd
the Osprey being a new vessel, and
very strong, fortunately held to-
gether. Being relieved from this
important weight, and by keeping
the lower stay^ fast, it assisted very
much in dragging the hull nearer
the shore, the lieavy rolltTs forcing
the ma&B of yardw, masts, and sails
before it. TJie starboard bulwark
was then cut away, and with tbe

assistance of the spare topmasts,
the pinnace was launched overboard
with safety through a heavy sui-f.
I opened a communicution wjtli the
shore, which enable<I the crew, with
tlieir arms and auimuiiition, to laud
in detaehnieuts from the bowsprit
on t!]e following morning . Not
knowing whether the wreck would
faU over on her broadsi^Ie the fol-
lowing tide, or a gale of wind
knock it to atoms from the exposed
position, as much ordnance material
and provisions as could possibly be
got was saved tfiat night, guard-
ing against the numerous natives
that a8i;cuibled near us (the country
being in a very unsettled and ex-
cited state) ^ hut fortunately tliey
were anucablj disposed, although
prcvi(nis to our departure thence a
large tribe at night plundered a
quantity of lead for warlike pur-
poses, which with some diiffcultv I
compelled tbem to return on mak^
ing preparations to attack them.

•* 1 trust, Mr. President and
gentlemen of this honourable court,
that the evidence laid before yoa
will have shown that every exertion
was made to save the v ess eh also
to heave her keel out of water to
ascertain the extent of damage
sustained, and to save nearly every,
thing belonging to Her Afajesty's
service, including shot, tanks, bal-
last, and nearly all the copper off
thts Bhip*B bottom, and 1800 cop-
per holts drawn from the hnll, nnd
transporting them through a de<
sand of njore tiian a mile in extentj
which the i.urveys laid before yoi
(taken by the officers of II er Ma-
jeaty'a ship Cantor at Auckland)
will certify. Having aceonipli.sbed
everything that could be ctTecied
dunug two months of tbe most
indefatigable lab<^tur by the officer*!
as well as the chip's company, and
the provisions being ejtpended, 1

I

1-

I

A

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

proeceded with them to the Bat of
Ifllaiids. 110 miles ovedanti. with
dMir Amu, ammoninoiu and three
dajB* proTuioBS, croMiiig a eoimtrT
fitde known, throagh forests and
rivers, where we embarked on
board of Ber Maje;»tj*3 ship Ji4M»:€'
kone^ after a moet severe march of
five davs, dnrinzthe moat inclement
weather ; in addition to which Tari>
out einromstanees have transpired
snee the unfortunate wreck, a
period of ten months : their eon-
dnet has been so exemplarv that I
feel it mv dotv to sute it to this
honoarable court, eight months of
which time thev have been victnalled
at two-thirds allowance, agreeablv
to the Qoeen's regulations."

These facts appearing clear, the
court acquitted Captain Patten, the
oflieers. and ship^s companv. from
all blame, and pronounced that
every exertion had been made to
save the ship. The President re^
tamed Captain Patten his sword,
with a highly complimentary
speech.

31. Fire at Iroxgate Wharf.
— A very destructive tire occurred
in the day-time at Irongate Wharf.
These extensive premi.-ics were si-
tuated at the east end of the Tower,
and opposite the south wall of St.
Katherine*s Docks : they extended
more than 2lX) feet along the river,
were of considerable depth, and
were filled with valuable goods.
Between three and four o'clock in
the afternoon flames were disco-
vered by the workmen ; attempts
were made to extinguish them, but
in vain, and the building was ra-
pidly fired throughout. Assistance
of all kinds — soldiers, policemen,
iloek-hands, and firemen — was soon
bied, but the wharf was ut-
destroyed ; and some vessels
!i we to it, the tide

^ k 4» or lesa

The low tide waa fikc^
wise unfisvoorable to the workmg
of the engines, water being^ rather
scarce. The ociti uetioov however,
was prevented from extendmg to
the Tower bdldiags and the Docks,
and a pahlie-hoaae adjoiBing the
wharf was oaly partiaUj injaied.
The firemen had two narrow
escapes from the feD of the walls.
The loss of ptopetti — hardlj any
of the contents of the wharf Imving
been saved — has been estimated aa
high as 2i)0,CN)0l. The proprietor,
Mr. Coleman, is inaored to a eon-
siderable amomt. The canae of
the fire coold not be aaeertatned,
it being attributed generally to
spontaneous combostion.

— The Wkathei ^The eoM

weather, which had mitigated for
a few days, set in again on the
24th instant with increased seve-
rity, the thermometer frequently
indicating ten or twelve degrees of
frost. The different waters in the
Parks were again covered with ice,
and crowded with skaters. No
frntal accidents occurred in London,
though the daily newspapers re-
cord many cases of drowning in
the country. The sufierings of the
poor were of course very great, -
and many distressing eases of
death, produced by cold and desti-
tution, were made known. In
Northumberland, two men were re-
turning from their wbrk, towards
Bishop Auckland ; when they got
to the Etherley. Lane bridge they
heard a groaning, and on looking
about under the bridge, they
found a man lying on the north
side of the line against the bank,
in the snow, with his feet in the
gutter. They tried to raise him
up, but he could not stand, and
was quite cold. He appeared to
mutter something. One of them
then took him up on his back, and

DEC]

CHRONICLE

203

k

proceedeti towards tlie Auckland
station witli Inm. He carried liini
to tlie gavS-housc?, hut be was then
quite dead. It appeared tliat the
poor fellow had heeii tlriiikiiin;' in
Bishop Aueklantl on the Saturday
night, and had probahlj been wan-
dering about in the snow until
morninfif, and from the infensity of
the frost bad been unable to walk
any furtber.

A man named Arthur Monagban,
waii employed nejir llelminirtnn
Row in cutting snow on the roads
near that place. He had been
drinking at I[elmin;i;ton Row, and
be left to proceed bonveward about
eleven o'clock at night. He was
then very tipsy. Not hav'inn; re-
turned home next morning, some
persons went off in search of hini,
find found the poor raan lying in a
field, about lOU yards off the road,
qnite dead, among the snow. He
appeared! to have In in down on the
Bpot where bo was fouiul, as there
were no marks of bia having wan-
dered about.

— Gun Cotton, — The intere^it
of scientific men and of the pnblie
has been strongly excited by the
discovery, by Professor Schmibein,

an explosive com pound, appear-
ing to possess many advantages
over gunpowder, calh'd **Gun Cot-
ton.** The process by which tbe
cotton IB prepared is not yet di*
vnlged. it possesses many re-
markable properties hitherto nn-
known. On the application of a
spark, the solid mass is at onee
converted to a gaaeous state, pro-
ducing scarcely any smokei and,
if carefully prepared, leaving no
residuum behind. It is not in-
jured by wet, as was proved by
nn expiTiment tried lyith aomo
which bad been steeped in water
sixty hours, and dried by expo-
sure to the air, and which ex-

ploded with tbe greatest facility,
Tlie ex])ennients in blasting, tried
in tbe Cornish mines, were most
satisfactory and eonclnsive ; the al-
most entire absence of the smoko
attendant upon an explosion when
the common gunpowder is used,
and whicli is so great an annoy-
ance and injury to tbe workmen,
being a most important tmprove-
tnent. Gun cotton explodes at
2inr of beat, gimpowder at GOO^ ;
indeed, tbe ditlerenee of tempera-
ture and the rapidity of combus-
tion are so great that gun cotton
may be placed lightly upon gun-
powder and exploded without tb©
latter igniting. It will explode on
being struck a smart Idow with a
hammer on an iron anvil, but only
the part struck explodes ; and it
may be so prepared that tbe ra-
pidity of combustion may he regu-
lated at pleasure.

Professor Brande, at a lecture
at the Royal Institution, on the
lath of January, described this
important invention, and stated
that» about fifteen years ago,
Braconnot ascertained that saw-
dust, wood-shavings, starch, Im^n
and cotton fabrics, when treated
with concentrated nitric acid, pro-
duced a sort of gelatinous sul>
stance, which coagulated into a
white mass on tbe addition of
water : this substance, which be
called " xyloitline," was highly
inflammable. In tbe course of
investigation of the changes thus
produced, Professor Schonbein as-
certained that this substance, pre-
pared in a somewhat different
manner, produced a compound,
possessing extraordinary explosive
properties — hence bis discovery
of ** gun cotton/' The precise
method used by Schonbein is yet
unknown ; but tbe preparation of
a substance supposed to he ideu-

204

ANNUAL REGISTER.

[1846

tical 18 as follows : — Cotton- wool,
baviDg been first well cleaned and
carded, is immersed for a short
time in a mixture of two parts of
Bulphuric with one of nitric acid;
it is then taken out, well washed
with water, and carefully dried.
The cotton remains to all appear-
ance unchanged : it is an insula-
tor of electricity, being powerfully
negatively electrical ; it is singu-
larly hygrometric, catches fire at
36(r, and bums with far greater
rapidity than gunpowder; yet the
combustion of a train may be
stopped by strong pressure. The
products of its combustion are —
carbonic and nitric oxides, carbo-
nic and oxalic acids, cyanogen, ni-
trogen and steam. With respect
to its expansive power, it appears
that half an ounce of gun cotton
carried a 68 lb. shot 255 feet from
an eight -inch mortar, while two
oonces of gunpowder carried a
shot of the same weight from the
same gun only 152 feet. A rifle,
charged with 60 to 80 grains of
gunpowder, carried a ball through
three inch elm boards, while 30
grains of gun cotton caiTied a
baU, under the same circumstances,
through six inch boards. The use
of gun cotton in fire arms is said

to be attended with the foUowing
disadvantages : — Its effects are less
regular than those of gunpowder;
it is more dangerous, being inflam-
mable at a lower temperature ; it
does not take fire when compress-
ed in tubes, and bums slowly in
cartridges; and that the barrel of
the gun is moistened by the water
produced during the combustion.
On the other hand, its advantages
are: — Its extreme cleanliness, there
being no residuum after combus-
tion; its freedom from all bad smeU;
the facility and safety of its pre-
paration ; its great explosire force;
the absence of smoke; and that
from its filamentary nature it can
be used over-head, and in other si-
tuations which preclude the use of
gunpowder.

It is said that Professor Sch5nbein
has disposed of his discovery for a
large sum to Messrs. Hall and Co.,
the celebrated gunpowder manufac-
turers, and that preparations are in
progress for making it upon a large
scale. It will, there is no doubt,
be extensively used for mining pur-
poses, and in warfare for many en-
gineering operations ; but it seems
doubtful whether it is adapted for
the use of large or small guns.

205

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

The MINISTRY, as it stood at the period of Sir Robert Peels

Resignation.

THE CABINET.

First Lord of the TreoMwry Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, bart.

Lord ChanuUor Lord Lyndhurst.

President of the Qnmcil Duke of Buccleuch and Queensbeny.

Lord Privy Seal Earl of Haddington.

First Lord of the Admiralty .... Earl of Ellenborougfa.

Conmander-in-ChUf Duke of Wellington.

Home Secretary • { '^'^AhSb^"'""" '^'*'* ^"^

Foreign Secretary Earl of Aberdeen.

Colonial Secretary Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone.

President of the Board of Control . . Earl of Ripon.

Secretaru-at-War Right Hon. Sidney Herbert

Chanceaor of the Duchy ofLancaMter . Lord Granville Charles Henry Somerset.

Chief Secretary for Ireland .... Earl of Lincoln.

Chancellor of the Exchequer .... Right Hon. Henry Goulbum.

NOT OF THE CABINET.

Postmaster- General ....... Earl of St Germans.

President of the Board of Trade . . . Earl of Dalhousie.
Vice-Presidentof the Board of Trade and) p. , . »,«„ q. r-^r^. ri^^h «.,♦
Master of the Mint. ...... f *^«*»* "°"- ^'"^ ^^'8* ^*«'^^' ^^

' Paymaster- General Right Hon. William Bingham Baring.

Master- General of the Ordnance , . . Right Hon. Sir George Murray.

Attorney- Gener at Sir Frederic Thesiger.

Solicitor-General Sir Fitz Roy Kelly.

IRELAND.

Lord Lieutenant Lord Heytesbury.

Lord Chancdhr Right Hon. Sir Edward Sugden

Attorney -Creneral Richard Wilson Greene.

Solicitor- General Abraham Brewster.

SCOTLAND.

Lord Advocate Right Hon. Duncan McNeil.

Solicitor- General Adam Anderson, Esq.

HOUSEHOLD APPOINTMENTS.

Lord Steward Earl of Liverpool.

Lord Chamberlain Eari De Lawarr.

Master of the Horse Earl of Jersey.

206 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

The MINISTRY, as formed btf the Right Hon. Lord John

RusseU.

IN THE CABINET.

Fini Lard of the Treanary .... Right Hod. Lord John RusmIL

Lord CkameeBor Right Hon. Lord Cottenham.

Prtndeni of the CouncU Mo«t Noble Marquis of Lansdowne.

Privy Seal Right Hon. Earl of .\:into.

Home Secretary Right Hon. Sir George Grey.

Foreign Secretary Right Hon. Viscount Pftlmeraton.

CkAmiai Secretary Right Hon. Earl Om,

CkaaceUor of the Exchequer .... Right Hoa. Cfavlci Wood.

FirwtLordoftheAdmiraUy .... R%iiC Hon. Evl of Aockland.

Preaidemt of the Board of Ckndr^ , . . Right Hon. Sir John Cam Hobhouie.

Preddent of the Board of Trait . . . Right Hon. Earl of Clarendon.

PaywtoMter of the Fortm Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay.

CUrf Searetaryfor Ireiand Right Hon. H. Labouchere.

PoehmmMer-GaiertJ Most Noble Marauis of Clanricarde.

CkameeKor <fthe Dmchy qf Lancaster . Right Hon. Lord Campbell

Woods and ForesU Right Hon. Viscount Morpeth.

NOT IN THE CABINET.

ComiHander*i»' Ckkf . ...... Dtike of W ellington.

MaBter^Ckner&l^ihe OrSkane^ . , Moat Noble Marauis of Anglesey.

Vke^Prr^itemi of the Board of Trade . Right Hon T. Milner Gibson.

Seer^ant of the Admiralty ..... H, G. Ward, Eso.

Secretary at War , , Riaht Hon. Fox Maule.

MaMter of the Mint R%ht Ron. R. L. Sheil.

Att&rntp'Gtntr^d J. Jervit, Esq.*

Solicitor- General David Dundas, Esq.

SCOTLANa

L^rd Advot^ie i^ Scodand .... Right Ht^ti. Andrew Rutherliird.
SoHdior*Gtntraffbr Scotknd , . , Thomas Maitland, Esq.

IRELAND.

Lord Zieutatani Right Hon. Earl of Bessborough.

Lord ChanceBor . f - Rif^t Hon. Maziere Brady.

Attorney- Gemral ..*.... ^ Right Hon. Richard Moore.

SoUdiJor- Getter al .....*.. James Henry Monahan, Esq.

HOUSEHOLD APPOINTMENTS.

Lord CAamherhm «•••.., Right Hon. Earl Spencer.
I^^ Stacard ..*.«..., Right Hem. Earl Fortescue.
Master of the Hit f»e Oake of Norfolk.

. * Sir ^^^>^F ^^^^^Hl^^^lfc^ ^^ o0i^ of Attomey-Geneialy but on the

''' sudden dfdf ^^^^^^^^psv Wd Gliicf Justice oH the Gammon Pleas;

wha^F ^^^^^^^fcOeticroJ, and was succeeded by Mr. Dondaa

^^^^^ APPENDIX TOCHR^ICLR^20^]

^^^^H SHERIFFS FOE THE YEAR 1846. ^^|

^H Bedforfishire . .

. W. Stuart, (»f Alctenhain Priorj, ef«q. ^^^^|

^H Setksthire

W. Stephen »» of Pirosi^ect Hill, esq, ^^^H

H Bitcks ....

Sir VViinain Kobt^rl Clayfon, nf Hnrleyford House, bart ^H

^^ Cambridge and E
tingdon * . .

^*^' X Sir Charles Wager Wataon, of West Wnitting, bart. H

Cumherhmi . . .

J Joseph PocklingtoD Scnhou^, of Barrow House and ^H

Cheshire . , . .

, J. H. S. Barrj, of xMarbury Hall, e^. ^H

ComwaU . . .

C. H. T. Hawkins, of Trt^wirhen* esq, ^^^H

Dtrhj . . .

Sir. U, £. Wilmot, of O^mastoti, bart. ^^^^H

IJeviJttahire ,

Sir W. P. C&rew, of Hac-comi>e, bort. ^^^H

DoTMeishirt . ,

. C diaries Porcher, of Clifle House* Ti nekton, escj. ^H

Durham . . .

Ralph Siepheii Pemberton, of Barnes, and of Usworth ^H
' ( House, e»q. ^H

£s«ex , . , .

1 John Clartnont M'hiteman, of tbe Grove, Thojdon ^H
Gamfin, Kpping, enq. ^^M

Ghucesttrtftire ,

. « George Bengough, of Newbndr esq. ^H

HeTcfordahire ,

. .1. F. Vaughao, of Court Hill, esq* ^^^

Hertfordshire .

FeHx Ciilvtirt, of HiiU'^dim House, esq. ^^^^H

AV/ii , , . .

W, 0. Hammond, of St. Alhan'^, esq. ^^^^^|

Lamcagier . , ,

. W. S. Standij^b, of Daxbury Park, esq. ^^^H

Leicesiershire ,

Wnn. Ann Pi>ehin, of Barkby, e^. ^^^^^|

Lincf}!niihire . .

J. B. Staohope, of Eicvesby Abbey, e^^q. ^^^^^B

Monmoutluhire .

T. PrtJlhcTo, of Mulpa^ Court, ear|« ^^^^H

iVbrfoZA . . .

Hon* C. S. Cnwper, of Sandringham. ^^^^^H

Northamptofinh ire

A. A. Young, of Orhnghury, esq. ^^^^^H

North umherland

C. W. Orde, of Nitnnyklrk, esq. ^^^H

Notiinghamthire

. . Francis Hall of Park Hall, c*q, ^^^^^

Ox/ordMhire . .

Mortimer Rieartto, of Kiddington, esq. ^^^^^H

Rutlandshire

* . John Gibon, of Win^, ejq. ^^^^^B

Shropshire , •

, R. H. Kiiichant, of Park Hall, e»q. ^^^H

Somersetshire , .

R. M. King, of Pyrland Hall, esq. ' '^^^H

Staffordshire

John Leveit, of Wiehiior, esq. ^^^^B

^^ Soulhampion

. . John Beardraore, of Upland?, Fareham, esq. ^^^^^^|

■ :9u#^ . . .

Sir R. 5. Adair, of Flixtcn, bart. ^^^H

■ Surrey . . .

Charles M'Nivcn, of Perrysfield, Ox ted, esq. ^^^^H

W Sttwex . , ,

. W, T. Mitford, of Pittshiil, c»q. ^^^H

Warwickshire , ,

C. T. Warde, of Clopton Hou»e, esq. ^^^^|

Wiltshire , . ,

Vi»coiint Folkestone, of Longford Castle. ^^^^^H

Worcestershire .

William Hetfimirig, of Fox Lydiate House, e»q, ^^^^^|

Yorkshire . . .

Janie^ Walker, of SandliuttDn, esq. ^^^^^|

206 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

WALES.

Jiylriijrfirt . . . J. L.U.Lem,oriladhrB»ca^

Bn€oiumtT9 .... M<iff]B[ao jlof^M^ oi BodwigiMU c>(|«

CW««r<ftfluAtrr . . Sir J. MbmsI, of Ihiphm, but.

C*ywy— WW ... Jaiaw Ddviu^ oi TrUubHi, €f^.

JlfAylitiif . . . B. W. Wjmie»orGwtlieiriii,eii|.

•^tatotarc . . . a SL H. ToospiOBy oc llijiicocii» csq.

GliwiiryiBiliig . . R. FirMklea, of CVwtiiMi, esq.

JftaiyoatfjpdUnr . . John Foiilks» of CanMS cm|.

Mmwrntthtkin . . . Sir R. W. Vaiif;lMV of NmMU, bttt.

xTPrm f iwMc . . . «f . n. uuiH» ot irevaccootiy ok|»

JfogMirtiiri ... TlioiiiaB Pkickady of DdBtw, "*}■

IRELAND.

AMinm T.Mon«amilto«Joiwt,QfBioMyglaK,TdoiDebrid^Ci9.

Antmgk R. Wriglrt Cope Cope, of LoagfagaU, Loi^l^dl, «a^

Carhm Pyiip J. Newton, of Danleeknej, Bagnelitoinii, ^w|_

Cmmm Rl Hob. die Eari of Bectifeb of Heedfoid Houee, KeDa.

CIbv Midiael Finucsne, of Stamer Fuk, Ennii, eeq.

OaHt JaoMs H. Smilb Bony, of Foaty Core, eai|.

Domeg^ NViUiam Fenwick, of Green Hills, Rapiioe.

Deva Robert Batt, of Ponlj^ Bum, NewtomnbiedB.

IMfia Tbe Hoo. Edward Lawless, of Ljons, Ratbcooia.

Fermammgk .... J. N. BImke, of Nixon Hall, Sooiskillen, eaq.

G^heay Christapher St. George, of Tyrone Hoine, OraDmore, oaq.

Xerry Wilsoo Gun, of Oak Park, Castleisland, esq.

Xdiart Conwaj R. Dobba. of Castle Dobbs, CanickfiBtgus, aaq.

gSkaufy George Bryan, of JenkinstowD, Kilkenny, esq.

Xta^** CoMMiy . . . Henry P. L' Estrange, of Mojstown, Clof^ban, caq.

Jjeitrim Robert La Toocfae. of Harristown, Kilculkn, esq.

Umeridt Wm. H. Baninglon, of Glenstal, Barrington^ Bri^gn^ oaq.

Jjmdtmderry . . . John Barri BefcaiDrd,of Learmount, Londondany, asq.
Ijottgfard .... George Macboncby, of Coolock House, Ratlie^.«aq.

jj^ Lewis Upton, of Clyde Farm, Ardee.

jtfayo Patrick Crean Lyndi, of Clogfaen House, BaUyglaai, eaq.

^foA James Walker, of AQenatown, Kelb, esq.

Mimaghm .... Jobn RidiardMm, of Poplar Yale, Monaghan, esq.
QutaCB QntMig . . Cbidky Coote, of Huntnagdon, Portariington, esq.
Boteommtm .... Edward Ring Tenniton, of Cartte Tennison, KeadnB, asq.

SBgo B^- Joihim Cooper, of Mackren Casde, CoUooney, naq.

Tippentry .... Jobn Trant, of Dover, esq.

J^romt FraDOS Gerrais, of Manor Cecil, Clogher, esq.

Wt/lafird .... Sir Robert J. Paul, of BaUyglane, Waterfbrd, bwt.
-JUTtMbr • • Sir George F. Hodaon, of HoUey Park, Bny, bart.

-W^ . Harry Alcock, of Wilton Enniscortby, esq.

. Charfei Tottenham, of BaUycuny, Asbfixd, esq.

k *^l _^

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

209

BIRTHS.

I

BIRTHS-

1845.

AtTG. W. At Tahiti, the lady of Cnm-
maiider Andre*^ Siiajic Hamoiid» of her
Mjije*t>"'!* ftpam-slnop Salamander, a jion,

Nov. 14- At MadrdS, ihe !ady of the
Rer, Gfon^e Knox, Chapkitt to the
Hon. Eofrit India Compart) , o, fxm.

Dec. 11. At Madras, the lady of Lieu-
tectant^ Colonel Dowes Forster, a daughter.

184G.

JANUARY,

1. At Fbrence, the Hon, Mr*. Camp-
bell Soirletf. a fon.

2, At Litboiu the hdj of W. R. Ward,
e«q., attached to her Majeaty'i I^egatioa at
that Court, a daughter.

6. At Wtftlington* Somenct, the lady
of the Rev. Hconr' S, Templai', a ton aod
heir.

7. At Toft Hall, Chesliif*, Mr», Ley-
cester, a diniij^hter.

9. At Pull Court, Worcestershire, the
Lady of WiUiam Dowdeawell, esq., M. P..
a son.

10. At Wirkiworth, Derbyshire, the
lady of Alfred Arkwright, esq., a s^on, stilU
boru.

11. At Rondebofch, Cape of Good
Hope, the lady of Lieutenant- C<»Ion€l
A. F- Richmond, C\B., Bengal Army, a
dau|^ter.

1*2. The lady of the Hon. and Rer«
John Fortescue, Caoon of Worce$ter,
twin children.

^— I'he Queen of Naples, a prince.

14- At Auchin Cruive Hou«e, Ayr-
fhir«, the Lady Louisa 0«wald, a daughter.

15. At Windsor, the lady of tiie Hoq-
Mr. Maude, a daughter.

16. At Woodhall Norfolk, the lady of
llie Rev. Franeia Daiibeny, a ton.

1 7. In Melville Street, Edinburgh, the
iady of Thoma» Andersoot esq.« Glendn-
•aig, n daughter.

SI. At A«tley Hall, the lady of Tliomas
Simcojc Lea, M<|., High Sheriff of Wor-
cettenliire, a son.

2d. At King*i Drocnley Manor, the
Hon. Mr». Newtoa Lane, a daughter,

— At the Parvonflge. Stanley, New
Brunswick, the lady of the He v. Alexan-
der Vnulei Stuart, a son.

Vol. LXXXVl II.

24. In Upper Grogvenor Street, the
Countess of Hillid>uroLtglK a son and heir.

25. The Hon. Mrs. Charlc* Ridley,
daughter.

-- At Bilton Grange, Mm, Waahiog-
ton Hibbert, a ton and bet r,

— At Rome, the Itidy of the Hon, Cap-
tiiin Frederick Pelhani,'a danghler.

"M. In Katon Square, the lady Rosa
Greville, a daughter.

— At Bowdfu Hall, Gloucefitcrshire,
the liwlv of C. lirooke Hur^t, e4iq., a son.

— At Freshwater, Isle uf Wight, the
lady of Commander Cm ham E. W. Ham-
mond, R.N., a son.

— At SotnhAca, Hants, the lady of
Captain Francift Liandet, R.N., a son,

28, At the Rectory, Leigh, tlie iady of
the Rev, Robert Eden, a eon.

29. At the Rector}, Livcnnere, Suf-
folk, the la^ly of the Rev. Asgill CoWille,
a son.

31 . At the Rectory, Thornton Watlasa,
the lady of the llev^ Regiuald Courteoay,
a daughter.

— At the Retiorj, Worth, Sutsex, the
lady of the Rev. George C. Bethuue, a
daughter.

FEBRUARY.

1. At Bi^op'fi Court, county of Kil-
dare, the Counteaa of Cbumell,'a daugh-
ter.

^ At LeytonBlone, the lady of Sir Ed-
ward K. Buxtuii, Bart., a Hon.

2. The Marcliionete of Blandford, a Bon.

4, At Brocton Hall, Staffordshire, the
lady of Major Cheti%7nd, a daughter.

5, In Park-aireett Grogfenor-aquare,
Lady Graham, a daugbicr.

— At Fiiwsley, the Hon. Mr*. Gage,
twin sons, who survived their birth only a
few hours.

— At Exeter, I he lady of Captain
Smales, 7th Dragoon Guards^ a daughter,

^— At Lisbon, Lady Howard de Wal-
den. a son.

6, At Bolley's Park, tlie lady of Robert
Gosling, esq., a son.

7, At Newtown- Anner, the lady of
Ralph Oi-bfinie, esq., M.F., a daughter.

10. Birone«» de Moncorio, o non, who
died the following day,

— In Berkeley-*quare, Ibe lady of t^e
Hon* Robert Boyle, a son.

— At Phillipi^town Rector}', the lady
of the Rev. Lord John Bercsiord, a son.

11. At Grosvenor*crescenl, the Coua-
tesii of Clarendon, a son.

— At GormanilowB CaMle, the kdy

210 ANNUAL

REGISTER. 1846.

BIRTHS.

of tbe Hob. Thomas Preston, a too and
heir.

— At WTddial Rectorr, Hen*, the
iMhrof tbe Rex. C. MaxwelU a bon.

is. At Amsterdam, tbe ladr of James
Anoeslej, esq., ber MajestT*s' Consul, a
■on.

— At Clopton House, Stratibrd-on-
AvoD. the ladT of Charies T. Ward, eac).
( High Sheriff of Warwickshire), a son.

14. At Torquay, Defooshire, the ladj
of the late Sir J. Aonrwood, a daughter.

15. At St. Jaip) de Cuba, the lady of
James Forbes, M. D., ber Britannic Ma-
jesty's Consul, a daughter.

— In Grosvenor-place, the Hon. Mn.
Charles Lennox Butler, a son.

16. In Hill-street, Lady Jolliffe, a son.
19. At Backford Hall, Chester, Mrs.

Holt Glegg, a daughter.

aO. At Alderiey. Gloucestershire, the
lady of R. B. Hale, esq., M.P. a daugh-
ter.

22. At Campden - hill, Kensington,
Lady Caroline Lasoelles, a son.

-^ At Sbillinglee Park, Sussex, the
Countess of Winterton, a dauebter.

— At Peterley House, tbe lady of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel N. A Ives, a daughter.

23. In Russell-square, the lady of James
Ruffiell, esq., Q.C., a daughter.

26. Id Katon-square, the Hon. Mrs.
Arbuthnot, a son.

At the Grange, near Bradford, Wilts.,

the lady of Captain S. H. Palairet, a
daughter.

— At Clayton House, Bucks, Lady
Vemey, a son.

28. In Grosvenor-square, tbe Lady
Mary Farquhar, a daughter.

MARCH.

1. At Cefh Mabley, the lady of C. K.
Tynte, esq., a son.

3. At Notting-hill, the lady of J. E. E.
Wilmot, esq., a son.

4. At Middleton Hall, Northumberland,
the lady of George Hughes Hughes, esq.,
a son.

— At Kent House, the Countess of
Morley, a daughter.

5. At Collon, Countv Louth, the lady
of Captain Wynne-

— AtGovemnr Thorn-
ton, the lady o( Nor-
man William N r of
the colony of i and
heir.

7. At Eton ( the

X«f. Chariet Oh

a In Kent Place, BlacUieatb, the Vf
of Colonel Bagnold, of the Boaibaj Army,
a ton.

— At Kiddmgtoo, tbe lady of Morti-
mer Ricardo, a son.

9. At Higfadere Paraon^e, the lady of
tbe Rev. R. McDonald Gaunter, a dai^h.
ter.

— At Tonbridge, the lady of the Rev.
Dr. Welldon, a daughter.

. ~ At Upper Sydenham, Bfia. John
Riirington, a son.

la In Portman^uare, the Hon. Mn.
Adderley, a son and neir.

1 1. At Fruit Vicange, the lady of the
Rev. Sir Henry Thompson, Bart, a son,
who survired but a few noun.

la At Boncbureb, Isle of Wight, Lady
Fletcher, a son.

— At the School House, Rushy, tbe
lady of the Rev. Dr. Tait, a dau^Her.

— At Walberton Houae, Siiiaei:, tbe
huly of Captain Sullivan, a daufffater.

— At Hingham, the Lady Eluior
Wodebouse, a son.

— In Whitehall.place, iSn. Swynlen
Jervis, a son.

14. At Belmont, Chester, the hdj of
J. H. Leigh, esq., a ton.

17. In Bryanston-8quare,theViaoountesi
Hood, a son.

la At Ackworth Park, Yorkshire, Mn.
Gully, a daughter.

19. At Mytton Hall, Lancashire, the
lady of John I. W. Aspinall, eaq., a
daughter.

20. In Imperial-square, Cheltenham,
the lady of Charles Fowler, esq., a daugh-
ter.

21. Tbe lady of Major Burdett, 17th
Lancers, a daughter.

22. AtOrtonLonguevi]le,theCountem
of Aboyne, a daughter.

2a The lady of Captain J. W. Mon-
tagu, R.N., a daughter.

24. In Stanhope-Etreet, the Countess
Cowper, a daughter.

25. In Whitehall-place, the lady of Sir
Walter James, Bart, M. P., a son and heir.

27. At Putney-beath, Viscountess Chel-
sea, a son.

29. In Berkeley-square, the lady of
Abel Smith, esq., M.r.,a daughter.

— At Shortflatt Tower, Northumber-
land, Mn. Hedley Dent, a daughter.

30. The lady of William Philipa. esq.,
of Montacute, Somerset, a son and heir.

— In Cbesham-plaoe, Belgrave-square,
the lady of Richard Jefferson Eaton, esq.,
M. P., a daughter.

31. At Eagle's Caumie, N.B„ the Udj

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 211

BIRTHS.

^
I

of Captain the Hon. George Grey, R.N.,
a SOD.

APRIL.

1. At Norwich, the lady of Archdeacon
Ormerod, a awm.

— In Upper Brook-street, the Hon.
Mrs. Dawiiay, a son.

2. At Ganton* the Hon. Lady Legard,
a son.

♦3. In Lower Bmok-atreet, the lad? of
Henry Howardt esq.* Secrelary to her
Majesty's Legation at the Hague, a daugh-
ter.

*- At TrtnK Park, UerU,, the lady of
the Rev, Jamc* WiUiaiiis a daughter.

4. At the Vicarage^ Wt'llSt Somerset,
the lady of the Rev. A. B. Hnssell, a
son.

— Ill Portugal-street, the lady of Sir
Franeift Doyle. Bart, , a *oii.

5. At Mf»y Hall, near Inverne*«, Mrs.
Maekintonh, of Markinio^h, n daughter.

— At Apsley House, Lady Charles
Weltesley, a son.

B^ At Saughton, Lady Abcrdour, a
daughter^

-^ The Widow of the late Hcory Illid
Nicholi, D. C-L., a daughter, still bom.

— At the Royal Naval College^ Porti-
mouth, the lady of Captain Wilson, R. A.,
a daughter.

— In Wim pole-street, the Hon. Mrs*
Walrond, a dau|*hter,

9 At Little Ormesby, Lady Lacon, a
daughter.

— At Roth ley Vicarage, the lady of
the Rev, W. Acworth, M. A., a daughter.

At Filking, Broad we 1 1, the lady of

the Rev. T, W. Cpoodlake, Vicar of
Brnadwelli Oxun, a daughter.

10. At Hatcham, Surrey, the lady of
the Rev. Augustus K. B. Granville, M. A.,
& daughter.

12. At Tunbridge, Kent, the ladv of
Peter W. Barlow, esq., C.E., F.R.S.| a
son.

— In Paris, Lady Jenkins, a daughter.
*- At Woodlcy, Hampshire, the lady

of the Hon* and Rev. T. .Skeffington, a
daughter.

— At Meikteour House, Perthshire, Mrs.
Murray, a daughter.

13. At BoulogTic-sur-Mer, the Hon.
Mrs. Henry Graves, a daughter.

14. In Park -place, St Jame«% the
lady of J, Arthur Taylor, esq., M.P., a
daughter.

— At Compton Castle, Somerset, the
lady of George Singer, eaq.f i daughter.

k

— At New York Hotel, New York,
Mr«. William Wood, of Liverpool, a *on.

18, At Rock Ferry Park, Cheshire,
Mrs. Thomas A. Bushby, a »on.

19. At North Creek Rectory, the lad?
of the Hon. and Rev. ThomaaR, KeppeU,
a um.

— A I Koockmullen Gorey, the lady of
Captain Richard Owen, R.N.^ a aon.

— In Cavendish-squore, the lady of
W* A, Shee^eaq., a son.

2L In Belgrave-square, Lady Cecilia
de Voeox, a daughter.

22- At HvrJe- park- gate, Kensington
Gore, ihe la<iy of J* P. Barlow, esq,, a
son.

2B. At Coughton Court, I he Lady Vaux,
of Harrowden, a daughter*

— At Edinburgh, tht? lady of the Hon,
J. Fox Strangway*, a daughter.

24 In W I lion-crescen r , Lady Georgi ana
Romilkt a son.

— At Heslon Hall, Hc8tmi, the lady of
John Rayer Hogarth, esq., a son.

25. At 18, Cheater- square, the lady of
G. E. Gilbert East of WooUey Hall,
Berks.^ esq., a »on and heir.

28. At Upper Clapton, the lady of
Henry Masternian, esq., a son.

29.' At Malta, the lady of P. A. Moore,
esq., a ^n and beir.

30. At the Royal Military College,
Sandhurst, the lady of Captain W. W^alker,
69th Regiment, a sM>n.

— At Balhirnie, Fifeshire, the Lady
Georgiana Balfour, twins a win and a
daughter.

— At Naples the lady of Alfred Ha-
milton, esq., of Gidea Hall, Esseit, a
daughter.

MAY.

L In Charles-slreet, Berkeley-square,
the Lady Dalmeny, a daughter.

— A1 Mereivorth CtUhtle, Lady le
Despencer, a daughter.

3. At Higher Ardwick Lodge, near
Mancheitciir, the laiiy of Captain Cleather,
twin sons, one of whom was still-bom.

— At Knapion House, Norfolk, Lady
Robinson, a daughter.

4. At Hampton Gftive, Surbiton, near
Kingston -on -Thames* the lady of Caotain
F. Seymour Hamilton, R,A.,adau}{nter.

— At Wardie Lodge, Edinburgh, the
lady of the Hon. and Rev. John Sandi-
lands, a son.

7. At the Vicsj^age, Chard, the Udy of
the Rev. Edward Godfrey, a son.

— Ai Hendon, the lady of P. Han-
bury, etq., a »on.

p a

212 ANNUAL AEGISTER^ 1846.

Wimumtink. ^ -^Tiiitiiti I,

Ut Ac dn O
rouotes 'if Etointon. a ion.

^ At KIiiic» ?i«wtDn HuU Dcrb^
bire* the la«iT if G

^ ^MhtMb— , ^^■l^•^■>fly^^y

JCXS.

17. b GmitotHtraec^wnr, Kvde^^nri-
^RfaH. dtat lady of UeutoMnl-CoiQwl
fernner C. B.,ofthe Bengal Eofpnetn^ a

18. In
tht CotmttJ* of CntTVOk. a iBaahrer.

— At Gre^ivdl-haU Laiy Oovcfaciter*
a dBOohter.

^ In Liwnuki Hmt^ fikt Lady Win.
BBigton,a (iam^fater.

_ In NcTiUcVkne, BcDoOey* Mn.
Mmocl, rb« wifi* of a labooriag Mao, four
foai,ailliTTaf.

— Im 3r. iaoM»*«-a({aare, Ladj Aifrc4
Herrer. a^n.

ig.'At LiMsrd, Cbeahire, tbe Hon.
lirk Kenjon, a hni^

— At Reading, the ladj of CaptaiA
Jmmti A. 31iirraj, R. N., a daughter.

— At Heiidoo, tlie Cotmteas «f Kerry*
a ion.

20. At the Nunnery* Isle of Man, the
lady of Lieutenant- Colonel Goldie Taub-
■Mn, a fion.

In Great Cumberland- place, the

Hon. Mn. Molyneux Meatgoiaerie, a
ion.

— In Wilton-cretcent, tb^ Countess
of Romney, a dau^ter.

21. At Frittenden, the Lady Harriet
Moore, a ion.

In Arlington-street, the Lady CarO«

Hue Duncorobe, a M>n.

i& At the Lord Chief Baron's, inGutld<-
fi>rd-itfMt, Lady Pi)llock, a daughter.

^ The lady of J. R. ShaW, esc^., of
Ahi«we Hill, ^ a son and hem

— The 1p

25. At

•iMifcf . • ^ . .

28. In 4archion«

'^nhen, esq.» of
Lady Dor-

_^_. » I. Ikapiaiiu a i
^ la DoTO mmtu db* Wf of Mm

& AtTbMpcvMvNQtf«ick,lhaL«iy

uKBiictia HsfTcy* a fka^^Mv.
•4. h Grasvcnowtirtct, &• Lady tfarr

Hood, a <iiii«!bter. ^ ^

^ At Aa DeaBery^ tka li^y of the

Terr Rrt. the Deaa of Herafci^ a

dasgbier, Hffl-bon.

-^ At BaUedHb House, P^ttUiifa.tiM
bdyof CafiC R. Scatty a sou.

~ At LetMaiiiliae. Uet^ferdAii^^ tU
ladr of Lieuteoant-Colooel J« Colna«
C. a. kie of tbe Bengal EnghMen, a
daughter.

^ At tbe Rectory, Itdiea Stoke, tbe
Hon. Mrs. R. C. Trench, a daugfater,

A. Id Bcrkek^-souarev the laiy of T. P.
Wniiams, esq., M. P., a daiigfaler.

a At tbe School Howe^ Shrvfisbury,
the lady of tbe Rev. Dr. Kenned^, m son.

7. At Auchiadarrocb House, Mn.
Campbell, of Auchindanrooli, a sod.

— In Grosrenorstieet, tbe Yisooutttesi
Holmeftdale, a son.

8w In Bcrkdey-sqaafa, tbe Lady ^na-
ces Lindsay, a son.

10. At Woolwich, the lady of Captaia
Lethbridgev Royal Ar^llery» a soa.

11. In York-<ti«et, PortOMui-equaie,
the lady of John Neeld, esq., M» P^ tmm^
a boy and girl.

'^ At the Rectory, Hothfield, tbe lady
of the Rev. John Mo6sop» a son and hebv

^^ At Southampton, Mil. RTLeod,
widow of Lieutenant A. M*Leod, R.U.%
late Commabder of tbe Orsof Li»etp4oi,
a daughter.

15. At I^em Acres, Bucks., the My U
Ct Ak St Leger, esq., a son.

16. At Winehesteri tbe Ia4y of Captaia

I

Wigrara* of the
son.

• — At Mnifen, Lady Blackettt • &on.

IS. At Vicux LuCt Cilviidas, tka lady
of Lieutffnant-ColaiicL Carmicliaiclf C B.,
a daughter,

19. At Latisdowne Houtet the Qmn-
taM of Shelbume, a ion,

— In Byrton-crescent, the ladj of the
Rrr. G. S. Drew. IncuoaWnt i>f Old St
EHncrres, a daugtiier.

— The ladv of T, D. Adaod. esq., a
daughter,

— Al Momon Towrit Jamaica, the lady
of Lieutenant- ColoDcl Sir John Camp-
belU Bart.. d8th Ilcf^imeot* a »aE.

20. In Queen -squafc, Westminster,
Lad J DuiT Gordon^ a eon.

— At Shotesbam Park, thu ladj of
Robert Pcilow^e*, jun-» c*q.> a sou.

21. The lady grilu Rev. C. B. D&ltoo,
Rector of I^Atnbefh^ a ion.

— At the Old Palace, Rich urn nd. tlie
lady of Keith William Stewart MacLenseie,
etq,, of Seafbrth, a daughter.

22. At Eton College* the lady of the
Rev. Jnhu WilliaiTJ Hawtn*y» a son,

— Ill Choaham- street. Belgrave-square,
the lady of Sir H. D. Goring, Bart,, a
daiichter

— At Berry Hill House, Carijbraok,
lale of Wiphl, *the lady of Caplnio G. B.
Cumberland, 42Dd Royal High landers, a
■on.

23. At Edinburgh, the Lady Jane Job n-
stone Douii^las. a son.

24. At Cautby Pardon as;e, the lady of
the Rev. J. Fawi>iu>tt, a son and heir.

25. In Hill-itreei, Berkeley-square, the
lady of Commander, Geoiige Hope, R, N.,
a daughter.

— In ICnton-Rquare, the Marchioci««s
of Ely, a daughter,

26. At HooLfield Htiu^e, Epioro. the
lady of Georiiije Botjlf.esq., of Rosemount,
Aymhirev a »on aud ilaii^hter.

— In CliL^ter- square, the Hon. Mil.
Huisey, a ai)ni and beir.

27. At Warbome, Hfintfi, tiie lady of
Sir. J. Rjvett Caniac, Bart., a ton.

29^* Al BragboTougb Houhi% North-
amptonshire, the Lafly of Henry Arnold,
«!kq., a tton*

-- The Hon. Mt*. Adolphus Li4dcll.
M son.

3(>. At Weymouth, the lady of Lieu te-
nant-Colonel Hudson, Grenadier Gupii&,

JULY,

BriUey Vicarage^ Herefbrdajiire,

— At Glendanie) Houie* Mw. Camp-
bell, of Glendaruel, a ton.

2. In Park-atroet, Lady Robert Groo-
TenoT, twin s«n*.

— At iStaunton Park, Herefordshire,
the laily of Jacnea King King, esq., a
daughter.

4. In Wilton-crescent, the Visoounteia
Newport, a son.

5. At Dorfold Hall Cheshire, Mn.
Wribnham Tollemaehe, a son*

^ The lody of T, B. Hildyard, eaq„
M P., a SOI}.

6. llie lady of the Rev. George IVfoa>
Dioirtont of Bi tics well Vicarage, Leiees-
ler&hire, a son.

9. In Tiiiey-*lre-et, the Counleie Nel-
son, a daughter.

— At Clifton House, near Exeter, the
lady of Major Stirling, a son.

— At Tatljon Houie, Somerset, the
Hon. Mn, Met hue n, a daughter,

10* In Grosvenor-sqiiare, the Countets
of Galloway, a daujfhter.

n. At KingsLuti, Canada West, the
lady of Captain Satupion Freeifa, Royal
Engineerf, a son.

— Al Kunrachce, &inde, the Ifldy of
the late Captain John &loore Napier,
A flftughter.

— In Carlton-lenmce, the CountOfs of
CaledoiJ. a s^oti.

— At Eaton^plaoe, the lady of Wil*
tiam WiggvM Chute, e«q., M. P., a son.

12. In Connaught'plaee West, Hyde-
park, the lady ot Capl^tifi George J.
Johnson, ColdMream Guardi, a daugblef.

-^ .^t Ostend. !he lady of L ieu tenant-
Colonel Fulton, K. H., a .son.

13. At Presto n^ Laneo-sbire, the lady
of JMajctr Crofton, of the 6th Royal Regi-
ment, a son and heir.

14. In Portland-place, the lady of
LiiMiten ant- Colonel the Hon. E. B*
Wilhnilmm, a daughter.

la* In Bruton-fetreet, the lady of Sir
Hunrfv Bruce, hart, • son,

16. In York-Blreet, 8l J«tnos*»-«quaref
tJie Hon. Mrs. H. S, L&w, a daughter.

— At Colmere Rectory, Haitl&, the
lady of the Rev. J.^ B. Bourne, % daugh-
ter.

— In Tilbury-ftreet, Lady Caroline
ToMmeley, a dangbter,

m. In Bark bam- terrace, Bt, Gcorge'^a
Cto»«, South wark, the lady of Geor^ge
Fletcher, esq, , a son-

— At Buckland Hoiise, near Doveri
the lady of William Martin, esq.* t »ou.

4

214 ANNUAL MEGISTER, 1846L

— Ac Lmcfbrd C^arie. tfas ?t»>
f^Hifimi Foilunine. % ion.

in._ b iLtfon^laee. die laihr of Cst^
17'ii LaiHsen^ a. ioa and

iS: At Bodu Lad^ Alfeman
MnTr a Mil.

29L Ac stsBuiuu niiu)K»
rfnre, the lady nf B. Eiolme Wlggm, ch^

^5. At Tamper, die lady if Jiaim HL
Dmnnnniui Hay. ««(,. a ma.

— At f.artliani Hoaac Goaduint;
Xriu Oakden. a vin.

^gL At Wliittnft Badr Gooic. die lady
of fUnptain sir Jamea Clark Roaif a

ai. At .^cunderabad, Eaat faufies^
ffae fahly «i< Captain Thomaa Dinnaa*
Madratt ArriUery, a ion.

219, fat Bd42rav«-<M|iBre^ Lady Loam.
Cavenr&h, a daugteer,

— At Sprhifr ParL, Addingtoa,
SoTTcy, Mn, Hewitt Davvy a daogfater.

ACGC3T.

I. In Cpper Eccleatrm-street, Lady
ChaiitMe Wataoo Taylor, a daughter.

— In CbeahaiA-pbce, the lady of D.
WaCta Riawell, eaq,, >LP^ a daughter,

— In Baker-ctreet, Portman-aquare,
tlie lady of Sir George Edward Pocock,
Bart, anon.

4. At North Villa, Regent Vpark, the
lady of Colonel Miles, a son.

— In Lanftdowne-crescent, Chelten-
ham, the lady of Major Nutt, a ton.

6. At Titlingtrjn Hall, Northumher-
land, tlie lady of W. J. Pawson, e«q., a
ion.

7. At Cojtgrove, the Lady Maria
Ponfionby, a win,

8. In Myddl<»ton-M|uare, the lady of
Dr. Goldin(( Hird, a daughter.

— At Rutland Cvate, the Counten of
Bectivo, a daughter.

0 At Brighton, the Lady Louisa
Moncricfli*, a daughter.

— At Bangalore, the lady of Major
Key. ]5th HusKani, a daughter.

(O. At Edinburgh, Lady Scott, of
Ancrumt a daughter.

II. In Druni»« u^, Brighton,
the lady of tho "tii, a daugh-
ter.

— In BI tho lady
of Williain eM]., of
Btmndtby I

IS. In ^ »t, tho

flioii* Mfv*
— At Ml Vome,

CBL.a<J

LSl ^ €«
Kba. Tehfantt. a <
-. At d» Mm^fgm «f

Can^Adb^, I^

^^l«L At Qare ftiag^„ SMbft, tefady
of I Kwiiwiifc-Caiotl Bbkcfv a ^Hi^kket

■^ At Coewicy i^vkp Newsankct,
the lady of Jofaa Faiifie^ esq., a aoB,
ifeOl-bara.

17. At Badoi-BMiaa, dw Lady
AngiHtoa Laftaii» a ^ovfaler, ilill^Kini.

— At Camatey. die bdy of liea-
tensfe-Colowl Sl^|iifctd» CR, 40th
Regiacot, a (faogfaier.

la la Belgwc iiMH^ tbe Hoo. Mn.

.- At Hohoyd HalU TorUore, tlie
Hob. Mfiw JioiHuBy a eon.

19. At Bitteni Grove, near Southamp-
ton, tbe lady of Alexander Hoyea, ea^,
a too.

20. In Cfarence-terraoe, Regent Vpark,
3Ira. Macready, a daughter.

21. In Caledonia.piUce,theIady<^tbe
Rer. Sir Christopher R. Lightoo, Bart,
a daoghter.

— At Glenfenlan, Garelocb, Dumbar-
tonshire, the lady of Colonel P. Edmoo*
stone Craigie, C.B., Aide-de-Camp to
Her Majesty, a daughter.

22. At \^ardie, &e Hon. Mrs. Prim-
roae, a son.

2a At Castle Bellingham, the lady of
Sir Alan E. Bellingham, Bart., a son.

— In Portman-street, the lady of Co«
lonel Knollys, Scots Fusilier Guards, a
son.

24. In Hertford-street, the Lady Mary
Egerton, a son.

— At Ashley Villa, Ashlev-road, the
lady of Captain Henry Stroud, R.N., a
daughter.

25. In Eaton.place. the lady of Cap-
tain Gladstone, R.N., M.P., a daughter.

— At Edinburgh, the Hon. Mrs.
Charles St. Clair, a daughter.

26. At the Vicarage, Tbomham, Kent,
the lady of the Rev. Alfred Stuart, a
daughter.

— At Horwood House, the lady of the
Rev. W. H. Carwithen, a daughter.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 215

BIRTHS.

P

— At Bodlondeb House, CoDwaj,
Camarvonshtre, the lady of Henry L.
Gaskcll^ c«q., a son*

27. Al Birmiiigtoa Hall* DierbysJbire,
Mri, William Coke» a sod.

— Th« lady of John Yate Lee, eaq^
of Fulwood Pa.rk, near Liverp€<il» a son.

29. y\t Muljfrave Castle, near Whitby,
the Countess of Mu%nive, a ton.

30. At Pkisonsiown» the lady of Co-
lonel Hog^, a daughter.

— At Callander^ the lady of the Hon.
D< R<)bei1son, of JamaJra^ a son.

— At Erskine House, RcnfrewshiTe,
Lady Blantyre, a daughter.

31. In New-streer, Spring Gardens, the
Lady Mary Hoare, a daughter.

— At 'Cartnide House, the lady of
William Hnuston, e§q., a sod and heir.

SEPTEMBER.

2. At Castle Bernard, county of Ctrrk,
the Viscountess Bemardt a dau^htt^r,

5. At Montrose House, Northampton-
sbire^ the lady of J. J. Blcncowe, esq., n
son and heir.

— The lady of William Longman, esq.,
of 96. Hyde-^»ark -square* a son.

— In Eaton-t^quare, the lady of Major-
Genenil Caulfield, C,B., a daughter.

— At Stonebouse, Devon, the lady of
Captain T. M. C. Syroond*, R.N,, a
daughter.

4* At Ncwry, the lady of Lieutenant^
Colonel Leslie, C. B,r late Bombay Horse
Artillery, a daujehrer.

6. At Haldon House, the lady of Law-
rence Palk, eM[., a son and heir.

— At Cftver-ham. Oxfordshire, the
Hon. Mrs. John Gillibrand Hubbard, a
«on*

— In Atholl^crescent, Edinburgh^ the
lady of Sir John Stewart Richardson,
Bart. , a son.

7. At Dunrttven Castle, Glamorgan-
shire, the Viswounte-^ft Adare, a daughter,

— At the Castle, ParBonalown, Ireland,
the Coiintei^s of Ro»e, a aon.

a At the Himd, N.B, the Countess
of Home, a daughter.

— At Clcvclantls, Dawtish* the lady of
Henry Ley, esq., a daughter.

10. At Huntsmore Park, Bucks., the
Lftfly Sophiii Tower, a daughter.

At York, the lady of Captain Yorke,
of the Jib Dnigotvn Guards, a daughter,
still-born.

— At Chew Masrna, S^imersetshire,
the lady of the Re?. E. A. Ornmanney, a
daughter.

U. At Bothomsall, Notts., the lady of
the Rev. Sir Charles Maegregort Bart.,
a son.

— In Cumberland- pi ace, the Lady
Georgiana Gurdon licbow, a son and
heir.

12. At Crowe Hall, near Downham,
Norfolk, tlie lady of J. I{. Fryer, esq., a
son.

14. At Hampton -court, the Hon. Mrs.
Oliver William LanibarU a daughter.

15. In Prince "s-st re et, Edinburgh, the
Lady Anne Home Drummond, a son.

— At Government House, Isle of
Mao, the Lady Isabella Hope, a daughter.

16. AtGlenmona, Cui^-heudan, the lady
of Cafilain Edward Holland^ R.N., a
daughter.

1 7 . At Rugby, the Hon, Mrs. Napier,
a son.

18. At Weslonbut, Gloucestershire,
the lady of Sir George Palmer, Bart., a
daughter.

— At Tun bridge Wells, the lady of
Major- General D'Oyly, a son.

19. At Sherburne Castle, Oion, the
Lady Man' Parker, a daughter-

— At Bergh A pi on Rectory, Norfolk*
the lady of the Hon. and Rev. John
Thomas Prlham, a son.

20. In York-place, Edinburgh, the latly
of Lieutenant- Colonel William Wyllie,
C. B., a daughter.

— At Bolton Hall, the lady of W. H.
Orde Powlelt, esq.* a son.

"21. At Curzon House, South Audley*
street^ the Countess Howe, a son.

22. At Tet worth Hall, the lady of C.
J. Barnelti esq., twin girls, one still-
borji.

«— ^ At Vatetta, Malta, Lady Na[)ier, a
son.

23, At Bothal Rectory, Northumher-
land, the lady of the Rev. Henry Hop-
wood, a son.

— At Tillieoultr}' House, Mrs. Ans-
truthy, of Tillicoultrvi a son.

*14, At Warwick,* the lady of Captain
W^atsrin, C.B^ commanding H.M. S, BriU
liantt a «>n,

— At f^iiena. the ladv of Captain Sir
B. W. Walker, K.C B„ H.M.S. Cim-^
stantE^ a sofl.

— At Weimar, the b*dy of Captain
Horrocks, a aon.

27. In Fleet-street, the lady of Henry
Aitislie Hoarc^csq., a »rin and heir.

— At Lhapore, near Calcutta, the lady
of Major Wdliam AnderHon, C. B., a
daughter.

^ In* Abercroiohy- square, Liverpool,

«9f ANNTikL KEGISTEB, 1846.

.V s. » .«r.

1-.- V r^i.-^ri -s-xj!*?. iwr Gcw« Oae

— J: Vtcwt vV-.>.itfo.-r<.iOT««. liw
Hi,-*!- V>. Hi^. "-.•»' ***«i. a jcc

II A: O.^virn. ti^ -fci^ X Mi/^--

ii*;r- ."•.■»:t^^ rV-*ftf .V.>£'ir;* H;jiAr>^ a

— TV jjki^ v'< Caroi:: FeoiftlL Elai

I^ A: K'v^r.'e. ri>e ^j of ;£ie Uoa.
Ciire> rii. S^-jr T.-k-t. a son.

— At ki^v-v-k FVrvrr, toe Hon. Mrs^

.Vtiur I>-:7o;z:bie. a ii-jtiter,

l-L At C«^e Atilwy, I>erb\>faire, the
Uf v^* Sir •' oan lUrpur Crewe, Bart., a
90U Jisd heir.

— At SfiiaSeU House. Berks, the ladv
oi Lieutenant- Coionel Dunn, a son.

Id. At Ickirofftb. near Bury St. Ed-
mund'^ the Ladj Katberiue Jermyn, a
son.

17. In Cpper Gro<venor-«trcet, Airs.
Henry Kingseote, a son.

' At Newbiggin House, Northutnbcr-

Unti. the lad J of J. T. Cooluon, esq^ a
(JUttshter.

19l At No- " of Mijor

Dereney. Re ».

91. In Ch wry AU

nwtkMenw

-. in 0 Lady

TlMtM*l>i||h

HiiwB, faw€faeM,the
D«oy% •i^.i

^ 1b Hdkm-m^a^ Wot, Belgnve-
nie bdy of C^ipteio Va '
CctdttCMi Ouaidk a T

«IL ia HiUEBHfficci, W«t» BdgtM*
a^oan. ike Ut of ColoMl Ghulca B»-
ttmeudiht CoidBreaB Ga«ds,aaoa.

NOVEMBER.

I. Ai Coabcnm Abbej, Chcdan,
ike la^ of ikc UoM. Wdlii^too Cotton,
adaatber.

^lAx OieniiBKdafe HalU near Dar.
&uroa.tbeUdyoftheReT. J. W.Smitli,
a daue^ter.

— At Sl lMen*s, Lancashire, the lady
of the RcT. Gcocge Thomloo Uof^rn, a
daughter.

-I. Id Umnde.8 ihcct, tfaa Hon Mrs.
O'Callaghan, a son.

5. In Sc. Geor|ce*«-M)Qaie, the lady of
ConmaiKier Richard Jonns a aoo.

6. At Castle Strathallan, Perthafaira,
the Hon. Mrs. Ediaond DrummoBd, a
•on.

7. M Plymouth, the lady of W. D.
Burnett, esq., Comokander, 'H.M.S. AI-
&aa, a ckuffbter.

— At Osberton Hall, the Lady SaUna
Milton, lady of Geofge Saville Foljambe,
esq., a son.

II. At Largs, the ladv of Captain
Edmonstone, R. N., a daughter.

Id. At Woodfield House, near Hud-
der»field, the lady of Bentley Shaw, esq.,
a son.

- In Spring Gardens, the Lady Sey-
mour, a daughter.

14. At IJabworth Rectory, the Lady
Frances Simpson, a son.

• In (irusvenorstreet. Lady Norreys,
a sou.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 217

BIRTHS.

Durbam, Ladj

15. At Windlei

Eden, a (laiiii^htejr.

17. At Bitteswell HaJl, Leteestershtre,
the Hoiu Mrs* Corbet Smith, a aon,

19k At Kilmore, near Monaj^ian, the
hdr of Captwn Herbert Schombergt
JLN., ttfOQ.

» Th« \ndy of W. H. March* esq.,
Newtown Hiiu»eii Mr>ate, a son and heir.

SO. In t^^Jipcr GrosYenor-stjreet, the
Bight Hoct. Lady Elibank, a »oti.

— In Oioucester*pl»ce, Portman-
•qyare, Ibe lady of CEpUin Corrj, R.N.,
a daughter.

21. to Sustcx-square, the lad^r of Cap-
tain Mtfonofn, a son.

22. In Siauhope street, the VUcouitteas
Joc'f?lyn» a son and heir.

— The lady of Sir John Pnwer, Bart.,
Eilfane, county of KiJkenrtyf & !^n.

23. At the seat of Lord Macdonald,
Arnciadiile Castle, Isle of Skye, the Lady
JVIacdonald, a daughter.

— At the Dfiwagvr Lndy AmrideU's,
tbc Hon, Mn. Neave, a daughter.

24» At Wcnntngtoti Hall« LarMsahire,
the Indy of W. X. F. Sautidera» eiq., a
daughter.

— In Henrielta>-«trtet» Carendish*
^ «qijare« the lady of Cap tain Manners,

E.N., u dati^hter,

25. At RichmoEid, Surrey, the lady of
Dr. Blyth, a son.

*26. In Duke-silreet, Portland-plaee,
^ihe lady of G. A. Maefbrren^ eiiq., a son.

— At Hare wood House, the Counters
' ©f Hare wood, a daujfhter.

Sa At Haalewood Haii '^'orkahire, the
\ Jady of the Hon. Williarii Vavasaur, a &on
nd heir.
30. In Oroiiret]or<street, Lady Milliceut
Joftca, a daughter.

DECEMBER.
t. At CUftoti, the lady of G. H. Skcl-
y loo, cso.t a daughter.

— At South Purk, Pensburst. Kent,
the seat of ]wt fat^cr^ the Ri^ht Hor).
Viscount Hardinge, the lady of Lieulenaiit-
Cobnel Cuiiyn^thanie, Grenadier Guards,
a djuighier, ^l ill- been.

0. At Bedale Hull, Yorkshire, the Hoti.
Mrs. John Bereafbrd, a son.

4. The ladrofRuwell Manyn Riccard,
«a>q., of The Sunnery, SuiitbmoUon, Dc-
vim, A ma.

5. At Hedi^rley Pkrk. the lady of
Rice R. Clajrlon, esq., M.F.^ a soo.

8. At Healhstown House, County
We«tmealh* the lady of Richard Dya^,
esq. , a &ot}.

— In Park-lane, Ihe lady of Henry
Langlcy, esq » of Buttaa Castle ^Tipperary,
a ion and heir.

^— At Harewnnd, Yorkshire, (he Hon.
Mra. Arthur La«^elle4sp a daughter.

9. I» Eaton-jdace, the lady c*f Henry
Barkly, e&n.* M. P., a *on.

11. At Goldiiigs, Lady Towntend Far-
quh^r^a daii<jfhter.

14, At Crindie HiJiise. Perthshire, Mrs.
Otiphant^ f>f Con die, a son and heir,

— At Clarendon Park, near Sali^bur _ .
Lady Hervey Batburst, a son, who aur- "
vired only a few minute^*.

15. At Dover, the lady of Lieutenant-
Colotid Furlong, K.H.,'43rd Light In-
fantry, a son.

^- In Norfoik-crescent, the lady of Sir
George Philip Lee, a son,

— At Dublin, llie lady of Fitzj^tephea
French, esci.. M.P« a daughter,

— The lady of Dr. Pbulps, Master of
Siilnev Cullrge, Cambridge, a son,

iG.'At Windjior, the lady of Ralph
Neville, e«|., M.P.,a s^nn and heir.

17. In Eaton-pbce, the Viscountess
Meljfund, a son.

18. At I he Yicaraffe, Harhnmc, Staf-
fordshire, the Hon. Mrs. WUliaui Law, a
Bon.

— At StdTord House, the Marchiouesi
of Lome, a son.

10. In Dover-«treet, the Countess of
Sandwich, a daughter.

23. At Fal month, the ludy of Com-
mander J. G. Dirk, R. N., a daii^rhser.

23. At Dalchully Hoiiw', Ini'eriiefis-
sbire^ the lady of Willtam Jamea Snod-
graaa, a son.

— In Montague-place, RusscU-fquarc,
Lady FeUowm,a *on.

126. At 8»jfloti Court, near Hereford,
Mrs. Egerton Huhhard, a a*in

27. In Pembroke road^ Dublin, tlie
Vi^ounteaft Bangor, a son.

28. At Rey^nt-place West, Regent*
tquATv, the lady of William Weir, esq., a
daughter.

— At Clapbam-enmmon, the laily of
John HtimpbeTV, e^f}., M, P,* a daughter.

29. At Merstham Rectory, Surrey, the
iady of Geir>rgC' Lyall, jun.,ccq., a daugh-
ttir, still -horn.

90. At Blooni(bi]ry Rectory, the Hon,
Mrs, Montague Villien, a daughter.

318 ANNUAL

MARRIAGES.
1845.

Not. 8. At Kuaaowlee, Lieutenant-
Colonel Oough, C.B., 9hi Dragoona, to
Margaret, fifth daughter of Miyor-General
Sir John M*CaikilI, R.C.B.

19l At Bangalore, Geoige Home, eiq^
of the King*» Huasari, aon of Sir William
Home, to Agnet Marj, daughter of the
late John Greig, esq.

Dhc. 2. At the Cathedral, Bombay,
Thomas Edward Tanner, eaq., to Mary
Catherine, eldest daughter of the late
Theodore E. Hook, esq.

_ At Charlton, Kent, bj the Re?. J. B.
Maude, sen., Fellow of Queen*» College,
Oxford, Alfred, youngest son of the late
Edward Suart, era., of Lime Hill, TUn-
bridge WelU, to Itosamond Mary Anne,
only daughter of the late FVancis Weller,
eso.. Lieutenant. Colonel Idth Regiment,
and of Tunbridge Wells.

a At the Cathedral, Calcutta, William
Ritchie, esq., M.A., Barrister-at-law, to
Augusta Charlotte, eldest daughter of the
late Captain Trimmer, R. N.

9. At the Cathedral Church, Calcutta,
Major Wm. Anderson, C>B., Bengal Ar-
tillenr, to Frances Sophia Pattle, youngest
daughter of the late Trevor Chicheley
Plowden, e8q.,B.C.S.

1846.

JANUARY.

1. G. T. W. Sibthorp, esq., eldest son
of Colonel W. Sibthorp, M.P., to Louisa,
third daughter of R. Cracroft, esq., of
Hackthome, Lincolnshire.

— At Christ Church, Byculla, Met-
calf Larkin, esq., Bombay Civil Service,
to Sarah, second daughter of John Penny,
cuick, of Soilarie, C.B. and K. H., Lieu-
tenant-Colonel 1 7th Regiment, and Com-
mandant of the Garrison of Bombay.

S. At Hampton, Edward Hammond,
esq., to Mary Frances, third daughter of
the late Ri^ht Hon. Lord Robert Kerr.

6 At Bideford, Devon, Henry Staf-
ford Northcote, esq., eldest son of Sir
Staflbrd Northcote, Bart., of Pynes Houne,
to Catherine, daughter of the late Thomas
Robbins, esq.

8. At Heaversham Church, Jane, eldest
daughter of James Gaudy, eao.. Heaves
'•oc^ Westmoreland, f^ Bran-

etb, Scots Fusilier f

— At Elsenham,

REGISTER^ 1846.

MARRUGBS.

Wiottesley, youngesl mb of tfe fals
Lord Wrottesley.to EUen ChnloMe^ ilvd
daughter of G. Rash, eaq.» of Elnnhim
HaU, Essex.

9. At Abbey HiU House, Bdmbui^
James Johnstone, esq., of Ahra, to tte
Hon. W. Augusta A. Norton, Tounpir
daughter of t£e late Hon. Flelcber Nor-
too, one of the Barons of the Ezdieqiiar.

12. At UUeston Pkrk, Yorksfain, the
seat of Lord Stourton, W. Vavasour, eiq.,
son of the Hon. Sir E. Vavaaoor, Bart,
fo the Hon. Constantia Clifford, dMi|^
of Lord Cliflbrd, of Ugbrooke, Devon.

I& At Pftddington Choreh, Liea-
tenant-Colonel Vivian, 1st Madras Fmi-
Iters, to Emma Chariotte, relict of the
late Captain H. Gordon.

14. At Blarney Churcli, Sir George
C. ColthuTBt, Bart, of Ardrum House,
county of Cork, to Louisa Jane, only
daughter of St John Jeflerys, esq., of
Blarney Castle, in the same county.

15. At St PMer^ Church, Eaton-
square, James Newburgh Strange, Com-
mander, R.N., third son of the late Sir
Thomas Strange, to Charlotte Maria,
youngest daughter of the late Geoige
Eyre, esq., of Warrens, Wilts.

17. At St. James*^ Paddington, Fre-
derick Edward Chapman, esou to Ann
Weslon, eldest daughter of WlUiam Cox,
esq., of Oxford-terrace, Hyde-park, and
Cheshunt, Herts.

18. At Rayne Church, Basex,the Rev.
Alexander Fletcher, D.D., of Finsbury
Chapel, London, to Lydia, dauffhter of
Richard Baynes, esq., of Rayne Lodge.

20. AtWynbeig, Cape of Good Hope,
Lord Francis Kerr, of H.M.S. fftncAet-
ter, to Emily, second daughter of Sir
Peregrine Maitland, K.C.B., Governor
of the Cape Colony.

— At St MarVs Church, Aylesbury,
the Rev. Arthur Pearson, to Mary IsL>
bella, the second daughter of Thomas
Tindal, esq., of the former pboe.

21. At St. Georve^s, Hanover- square,
the Hon. and Rev. William Towry Law,
Chancellor of the Diocese of Bath and
Welb, son of the late Lord Ellenborouffh,
to Matilda, second daughter of the late Sir
Henry C. Montgomery, Bart

— At St George% Hanover-sqiiare,
Walter Long, esq., eldest son of Waller
Long, eso., M.P., of Rood Ashtoo,
Wilts., to Harriet Averina, only child of
the late John Owen Herbert, esq., of
Dolforgan, Montgomeiyshiie.

M. At PottersburyChurch. Northamp-
ire, the Hon. Edward G. Douglas

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

MARRIAGES.

Pennant, M.P., lo Lady Louisa Fitjrn)%
youDge$t daughter oftlie Duke of GraftotK

28. At Old Coiinaught, Httnrj^ Quiri,
e*q., of Wiripfield, «i> the Hon, l§abeila,
third daujfhttT of Lord Plunket.

29. At Brig:hrc)n, Jwnes William
Drake, esq., R.N., to Sarah, youngest
daughter of Robert T. Heysham, escj,,
iate of Sta(;fenliioe-park, and of Weston
Lords-hipi HerU,

30. At Bergheim^ in the Principality
iif Waldeck, in Germany. Colonel
Charii-* A* F, Bentinek, of the CoUl-
Btruam Guards, Count of the Holy Ro*
man Empiret to Couutess Caroline iMcch-
tildt eldest daughU-r of the Reigning
Count of Waldeck and Pynnont.

31. At BUlheswycke. the Rev. William
H. Dyott, U> Matida Sophian, third
daughter of th« late Donatua O'Brien,
eaq*, of Ticao?er House.

FEBRUARY,

S. At Trinity Church, MarA'lehone, the
Rev. John George Bere>ford, younffei-t
»on of the late Admiral Sir John Poo
Bereffordt Bart., to the Hon. Caroline
Ameliftt youngest daughter of I he Right
Hon. Lord Denman.

^ At Si. James's Church, Kingston,
Canada We%t, Artliur A. Farmer, cstj.,
of Hunting-ford, near Woods Inek* Canada
West, second win of the late W. M. Far-
meft mq.t of Nunsuch-park Surrey, to
Louiie Emily, daughter of the Hon. P. B.
de Dlaguiere.

— At St, Mary's, Bryufltone-squafG,
Visctjunt C union, eldest son of Earl
Howe, to Harriet Marv, second daughter
of .Mr. and Udv Charlotte Sturt.

5. At St. Mary's, Bryaost one- square,
Leonard Slmchey, Esq., eldest ion of
Captain Straehey' R.N., to Eliza Marpa-
rel, only daughter of Barlow Treeothiek,
esq., of York-itrcet, Portman- square,

— At WtKjlwich, the Rev. George
Henrj' Farr, B. A., of St. Wenn, Corn-
wall, to Julia Warren, third daughter of
the late Major Ord, K.H.. of the Royal
Artillery, and De|juty- Lieutenant of the
county of Essex.

— At the rnitari.in Chapel, Gee Cross,
Thomas Bay ley Potter, esq., son of the
late Sir Tho'ma* Potter, of Manchester, to
Mar) » daughter of Samuel Ashton, Esq.,
Pole B;inkii near Hyde*

J 2. Lii*utenanl-Oolonel W, A. M* Cle-
verly, of GljiTfU, Antrim, Deputy Quartcr-
maieter General, New Zeabud, lo Aim
M^Gildowuy, voungost daughier of the

Ute John Caseiitent, esq,, of Invermore,
Antrim.

— At Astbury, Captain Archer, 4tb
Dragoon Guarda,'to Eliza, eldest daughter
of Clement SweteDhamy esq., of Somer-
ford, Cheshire.

— - At 8t. George**, Hanover-souare,
the Rev. Heury Blunts lo Charlotte Mary,
second daughter of the late Thomas
Daniell, e«q., of Little Berkhnmpstead,
Hert5,

17. At St. Mary Abbot's, Kenfiington,
Lieuteiiant-Coloncl Francis Farrant,
K. L, S., Secretary of Legation at the
Court of Per^a, to' Mara EUia, daughter
of George Batty e, Esq,

18. At Walcot Church, Bath, Charie*
Brune Graves Sawle, esq,, eltltst *on of
%^ir Joseph Graven Sawle, Bart,, of Pen-
rice, Coniwall.to Rose Caroline, youngest
daughter of David R. Paynter, e»q., of ^H
Dale, Pembrokeshire, ^M

— At St George's, Hanover-square,
George Baring Collier, esq., R.N,, to
Stepney, ynungest daughter of the late
Joseph Gukton, esq*, of Derwydd, Caer-
martnenfthire,

19. At St, Marylebone Chureh. the
Rev. AVilltam Thornton, Vicar of Drwd*
ford, Northamptonshire, to Anne Georgi-
ana Frances, second daughter of General
Sir WiHiam Anii^^n, Bart, K.C.B.

— At St. Pancras Church, the Rev,
Thomas Goodwin Hatchard, M,A., to
Fanny, eldest daughter of the late Bishop
of Jerusalem.

23. At St, George's, Hanover-Square,
Ihe Rev. Lowry Gulhrie, to Katherine
Blanche, daughter of Thomas Sturkie,
esq.. Queen'* Counwl.

24. At South Fea, Morris J, Hall, esq..
Captain of the 6th Regiment, to Laura,
voungest daughter of Colonel Connelly,
'R,M.

— At St. Mary*s, Bryan*lone-«]uare,
R. A. Young, esq,, of Quebec, Canada,
to Mar>' Charlolte, only daugiiter of 11.
Norman, esq., of Bryanstone-jsquare,

26. At St, George's Hanuver-*quare,
Captain C, R. Drink water Beihune,
R, N., C.B., to Frances Cecilia, only
child of Henry Stables, esq., of Park
Hill, Cfapham/

28. At Bombay, Captain H, R, Phil-
lott, 25th M.N. I', to Catherine Sophia,
second daughter of Major- General Sir J,
Sutherland, Bombay Army.

MARCH.

a. At Henhury, Robert Charles Tud-

I

A

ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1846

lfAKBU6B&

Lo»IIm.i, Emq^ oi

1€L M Ho**.

Kcir,

4. A: C

^wc^ner 0^ :ae ace Bi^.

— Ax Sc Jmcs\

De

«oa d

Ckneni Sir AairsCK Dc Buoi. iLCH^
B.E^%»A— CmiMi Bhdhg^oplT
^MfaKT d Rat-

ca. O

— T. Basicri Lev. c*^. «■•€&«
•ta« C^ioaei Li^. «f Bk ■haiiA. war

Entn'- «> Marr. twitan iiifciii ■ of TVo-
«■» Diu. c9i^r«ae«fiW lliaiiioffcer
M^'mi'i Ccwt «f EauAtyi.

-. At ^ Faarrm (teHL
FVwr. en.. &\k RovaZ Rifles^ to
*M ill gill I c/ Jo^ J. Hnefte;,
•f T«viitor4-fqp3a*e.

_ At WiMfii riMiiil Pdir. C9^.
«f Doipcy^A. Vorvidk saxik mof Sv
Join HcwT P^T. But., of I'Dtam,
to 'Abbs 'Rebecca^ the «U0t
r «f Jooadna CbapMiii. es^

— At AU Souks', Luvhsm-ptace. E4i.
««pdl MiimT. CM^ to Graop, ooIt child
of the Ule'Sir Tboaas Einfer'Croa,
BHt., aod erandBiece to tbe Rtghi Hoo.
tx>rdDram«B.

7. la S»q>t»«i*»-f[it!€tu Dakiia. Sir
Georiee de U Poer Bereslbrd. Bart^ to
KKsdbcdi, Mcood daufhier of Da^id
e$^, of CtoctibrvC, couatr Mo-

tkei^e Vi

— At St. Georgvl^ HaDOi«cr.«quare,
Jaiaes Alexaader. esq., to Marr Afnes,
^ouitgCAt daugiitrr of Sir Geor^ Cafler,
Bart <, of Brompton. York«iiire.

10. At Sl G«»or)ze's. HanoTer-^qoue,
Sir ThoaMit Heskedi, Bart., of Rufford
Hall, Laaeaihife, to the Ladr Arabella
Fermor. eldest duighler of the' lata Earl
of Pomftet.

— At Chinriek Church, Alexander
Dam Cooper, e«q., to Maria Loasa,
third daughter of the late Edmrd Stewart
Cameron, e»q.

_ At Chelsea, the Rer. B. Powell,
Ssviliaa Profeanr of Geometr?, Oxford,
fo IV~ ^^*^f eldest daugliter of W.

«. af the Rojal Astnmo.

IT

^irch. Upper Cbebea,
of the late John
T)f Hertford-street,
third daughter of

Lo^ J&i biv
f¥wm^itd«qghlerofJ.

- At the ChafKl of the BHthh S»

'■*^- ^^J^*^ ^^^^ ^n-* M.P.,
«of GcBoml tha Hoo. » Ala-

Mth Bar, tku^Jktm of tha Emtmi

CanaleMof £rraL

17, AttheDMiirtCliwchefatMM
Ae EiMg lilt, Cfiftoa. Oraraa BiddoUw
C9^. to Gwoiae MiigMtt Am^pJ^^
J^^l^ *»^Godfrey Thqmw. B«t.,

— At SL MarjXGailUe, T. I^rwmU
Edward ThoanpHMi* «iq.« of Liaoohi^
Ibb. BacTtJter-at-law, to Ellen Afair,
ddot daaghtar af Edwvd Jamea, esq., of
Tocncs.
la li Christ Church. New Ptpvi.
, the Rev. WiUiMi Gray, to HaMMh
«cDiNi iiiigtiii of the Vcver^le
J. M. Ticw, D.D., Arohd^acoB of the

19. .\tBffacfing,Ueof1
& Totter Chihtie, 8tth
Frances Either, ilii^|)hl>r of Jl
Esq., of Hai House, Bcadiac.

^ Captain HciirTWeUa^Aa4,£.N.,
son of Admifsl Gifiwd, to KlU Emilia,
fourth dMighter of the Isle M^-General
Sir Benjaoiin C SCephensosi, G.CU.

_ At Upper Deal Church, Com.
asaoder Peter Fisher, R.N., to Catherine
Abda. daughter of the late TbDmas Back-
house, Esq.,of Caldbeck,Cunyberhaid.

— At Ptois. H. R aOonel Clajtoo,
second urn of Colonel Sir W. R. Cky-
ton, Bart., to Augusta, daiiighter of Che
late Sir Charles OaUcT, Bart.

24. At St. GeorgeY, BloomibuTy, Joha
Thomas Gnves, esq., of Gray*s hio,
Banister-at-law, to Amielia, eldest dsi^i
ter of William Tooke, esq., of RimkU-

— At Irstead, Norfolk, the Rer. W.
M'GUrraj, of Glasgow, to Mam, aUeat
daughter 'of Sir W. Hooker, Director of
the Rofal Gardens, Kew.

a& At Sl George^, Hanower^sqiwa,
Captain H. D. Sands, Dr^joon Guards,
to Georgioa Elixabeth, the ekiest dai^[fater
of George Whieldon, esq., of Springield
House, Warwickshire.

— At SL George's, Hanover-sqnara,
C. R. Maokeniie, esq,, to

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

MARRIAGES.

^

I
N

Ibird eUogbrer of the late Re¥» Sir W\U
liam Murray. Bikrt* of Clerraout, N.B.

31. At St. Mary'm Cheltenhnffl* the
Rer, W. C. Harrison Smithy to Harriet
Ann, only child uf Lieu I en ami- Colon el
Aiiatcn, K. H.f of Lansdowne-plitcei ChoU
tenham.

— At St JttmeR'R, Pad(|jn|3fion, F. \\\
Mjickeniie^ esq.* M.D.. ro Mary, only
child of the late Hon. Ilen^a^ Lc^ge, of
StAn\wll Hnufo, RjchmfvricJ,

— At St. Miirv'st Cheltenham, Major
EraiLine, 4oih Jiegiment, to Augulta
Pratt, daughter of the late Hon. Sir Wil-
liam Olduall RusscUr Chief Justice of
BtugtkL

APRIL.

2. At St Pticns, the Rev. T. Fry,
Rector of EinbertoTi, Bucks, lu Mary
AlUH relict of Wdliatn Foster, eaq., of
HazlehuraL

4. At St. Mary 'e^ Lambethi John GuiL
lum SootU ew., 22nd N. I. Bombiiv. tu
Agnei^ elder oaughtet of the Uto Peter
Naldane. esq. I of Alloa, near Edinburgh.

— At Tnnity Church, Cpper Chelsea.
Georfza WindiK>r Karl, esri-, of Hfiinp?tettd
Heathn and of North Au^trutiii, to Clarn^
elder daughter of Ciiptain Siborae, of
the Roval Military A*}luni.

— At St. Panems Churchy Charles
Bathur»t Woodman, e^q., of Ed^baiifoii,
Warwict»hire» to Emma, only daujfhter
of th« late Lieutenant- General Comor.

^- At St. Mary'ji, Paddingloti, Colonel
Pereira, Betigal Artillery, to Emilv,
youngest tlaughter of Barrett Waddeti,
eaoj, of KiniffAton, Surrey.

9. At Kdinbtirtchf Charlea Dot^, esq.i
Writ«r^ SeuReid House, to Mary, second
daujkihberof Jdm Burn, e«q.. Commander
Royal Nnvy-

— At Ryde, I4e of Wi^ht. James
Butler Fellowes e^q., 45th Regiment,
eldcEt «on of Sir Jamesi Fellow en, to
Eu«tatia Gi'or^ana Flayer, Kceond daugh-
ter of Captain Brigstocke, R. N.^of Stona
Pitts, near Ryde.

U. At St* Oiwald'd Chureli, Clie^ter,
the Rev, l^tturene^ Stuart MorriR. M.A.»
Reiior of Tliurnton in GraTcn. to Uliar-
loite. daughter of Samuel Pierct* cm|.«
of Bniok Hoy«ev Cbeiten

— Ai St. Marylebone Church, the
Re?. Charles Baring, youngi'^r mn of
Sir TkoiDOi Barinii;. Bart, to Carolinre*
dailgbter of the lat« Thomas Read Keoip,

-~ At All SouW, LangHam Pl«c«,

Colonel Sir Robert Nickle. Knight, K. H.
to Elinabeth, relict of the late Major
General Ne^bitt, Hon. East Inditt Com*
pany*» Service.

la, Ai Agra, WilliaiB Wheatlev Rep-
ton, e§q.T Adj lit af}t 56th Bengal N.L, tn
Charlotte Annabclla, daughter of Colonel
Crawfurdi uf the Bengal Artillery.

— At St. Mary% Woolwich, the Roy.
Frederick Le Pt*er Treneh» A,M., to
Matild I Sophia, fifth daughter of the late
John lrt4ftnd, e!»q., Lieut, R.N*

16. At St. Mary's Chur^'h, l^iccfiter.
Captain Henr}' Butler, mn of Colonel
the Hon. Pierce Butk-r, M.P.. to Clara,
the eldest daughter of Mr, John Taylor,
of Newark,

— > Id the Cathedral of St James,
Toronto, J. H. Lefroy, esq.t CaptAin
R. A,, to Emily Mary, plde&t daughter of
tlic Hon. J. B. Robinson, Chief Justice
of Upper Canada.

— At B<»xley C'hurdi, Kent, the Rey.
John C. B. Riddel L to Frmticef Sophia*
dauphter of the late George James Cbol-
mondelfy, e.-^rj., and the Countess Dow-
ager of Romtiey,

— At Trinity Church. Marylebone,
Tliom.1* Ogiivy, esq., Hon. EJ.C. Civil
Service, son of the late Rear Admiral Sir
William Ogilvy, Bart.t of Invcrquharity,
to Georgian a, third daughter of tite late
Samuel Bofsampiet, e«<)., of Forest Hou«e,
Euiex. and of Dingeiiton Court, Moo-
mouth.'^hire.

- At Soul ham ptoo, W. Stepbena^
c^q., eldest son uf the kle Rear Admiral
Genrge Hopewell Stephen<«» ejM:|, , to
Calherine Saunders, eecond daiightttr of
the late Captain W. R. Smith, R-N.

18. At the Brin*l» EmbHSisy, Paria^
John Scott, eso,, M,D,, to Alicia Lucy,
youogcflt daughter of George Murray*
esq.t and granddaughter of the late Ad-
miral Sir George Murray, K. C.B,

20. At Swerlbrd, Oxfordshire, PMmond
Baron de Lari?^, of Minchow, eldest son
of CharleB Baron de Lari^j^, of Oitii^k., irj
Galida, to Jersey Marj, youngest daui^hter
of John Patenon, es^„ of Park Street,
Grosvenof Square.

2L At Bath. Edwwd Carleton Tuf-
nell, euq., to Hnnoria Mary, the only
daughter of Colonel Macadam, K. H.

— At tSt. PauPs Episcopal Chapel,
Edinburgh. William Hill Brancker, e^. ,
of Greenfield Billin^e, Lnticaii^bire^ lecond
Koii of Sir Thiioia* Branrker, of Liier*
pool, to Kelvo Grant, fourth ddutfhtrr of
Donald St« wart, e«q., of Lu&kintyiVf
Harris, N.B.

4

AXSUAL

■uavts lidirr. -mm «■ ti 'om jib

Jf

jir T^winiK Siaafan. i^. C. &

bnife. i C " " '

brttir jf
27 A; SL __. . . ^

A. IffMiiMiBi. «fl|.. M. P. iir L»juiM:t*M>

:a& a: SL GtfQvyt'i. BMD««r Snaive.
tfat Um. r. yktmam. to Mat Jnp Ptve.
4^ tie !m» Str Kate Pkk-e.

REGISTER,

■ Igf IffKt.

pQIIH SmUtnjf

- — - .....^..^ ef ^

^ Jlttn

m of tlK
IdHcb.

„ ^ Sidfad

3^K^fteaae. o^, of Pwes Hoon, Defon.

. ik: Sk. Pa^% Chotdu Soutlwi,

^ ' 74di HgUamief^ to

:i9L At SC G«orce*i«. ibmxw .S^oarr.
Gcorzr Gnnvtifce Francs C^moc «a^.
cUnt ioo aad tkeir «>f Lord Fnocw Eipn*.
%am^ to tbtf Ladr Minr Louia Campbell.
iriM^irt dw^Wr ^ tbe Eari and
C..«otes Ca«<far.

aUL AcSl MarrV. Bnraoatoo Sqoare,
the Eer. Gcotr Bcrdi Renjaniiioa,
3L A. Rector of Easding. Keat. to Julia,
tke jouDgot daughter of the late, and
Mier to tbe pn^aent. Sir Jobn TroUope,
B«t^M.P.

— At St. Alphage, Greenwich, tbe
Rer. Mraiiam Frederic Douelas, Chap-
lain to Her Rojal HighneflB Uie Ducbess
of Gloucester, and Rector of ScraTing.
baiD, York, third ion of Lieutenant- Co-
kmel Sir H. Doufdas, Bart., M.P., to
Christiana Fanshawe, eldest daughter of
Admiral Sir R. Stopford, Governor of
Greenwich Hospital.

— At St Pancras Church, Sir George
DuckeU, Bart, to Mrs. Saze, of Glou-
oetter L odge, Regent's Park.

MAY.

4. At tbe Catholic Chapel in George

Street, the Hor ■-^ Stourton, third

•on of the Ri' Stourton, to

Caroline Er ^ter of the
latoPMricI

— At ' *lnnouJh,
WimdM a ^ Pu<«a.

mt Ccjk r of the

ILP. Ssr Bttfe. louugm loa of Ae bit
L«d Waarwliie. to tbe Riffbl Hon.
JbK Lawiej. obIv dai^gbler of Lord and
Lai* Wcaloek.

7." At Sl GeoigeX HaDoircr Square,
Lori Goerwer. eldest aon of tbe Emi of
Avierfbed. to YThs Knigbtler, oolr chiU
o/tbe bte Jobn W^bftwidE KDigfaCley,
esq., of OCcbarcb, Ekorr, Warwicksbne.

a At St GcoraeX 'Haoover S^juire,
viUe fiiafi, <

,C8I|., to £UeB«
second daughlw of Abferasan M ooa.

. At Sc Ificbaer^ Higbgate, the
Rev. T. E. Abtabam, Perprtual Curate
of Bickentafle, Laocaabire, to Ella,
cbbat diiwbicr of Richard BeCbeU, en.,
Q.C. ^

11. At Ikmdee, Jaaaes Edward, esq.,
to Faun J Georgiana, youngest daughter
of tbe late George Watkin Keiirick,e8q.,
of Woode Hall, Sbropabire, and Mettyn,
Flintshire.

12. At oar Ladr Chapd, St. Jobo's
Wood, and afterwards at tbe Parish-church
of St. Mar}lebone, Sir George Hayter,
Knight, K. S. L., Principal Plainter in
Ordinary to Her Majesty, &c., to Helena
Cecilia ^yde, daughter of tbe late Robert
Burke, esq. . of Prospect, Cork.

13. At Epsom, Cbarlet, youngest ton
of the late Thomas Walpole, eaq^ of
Stagbuiy, and of the Lady Afaigaret W^.

Kle, to Annette, daughter of Captain
evost, R.N.

14. At St. George*», Hanover Square,
Ralph Thomas Fawcett, esq., to Char.
lotte Amelia, youngest daughter of tbe
late Hon. C. Lawrence and Lady C.
Dundas.

15. At Cayersham Church, Robert
Thompson Crawshay, esq., of Cyfcrtha
Castle, Glamomnshire, to Rose Mary,
daughter of William Wilson Yeatea, esq.,
of tne Grove, Oxfordshire.

19. At St. George's, Hanover Square,
(the ceremony having been previously

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

MARRIAGES.

pcrrornied at ilic Catholic Chapel, Spun* Stoke Darner&l, Devon,

ish Fta.L<Cv) James Edward JeminghAin
e*q., to Sophia, second daughter of the
late Sir WiJIiara Murray, Bart., of C*er-
mont

— Ac St Margaret's, Rochester, Tho-
mas Hermitage Day, caq., of Frindshury,
Kent, to Etnma, iecona daughter of the
Kate Colonel Charles Cox Bingham,
Royal Artillery.

— At ColwalU Herefordshire, Thomas
Perdval Hey wood, esq,, eldest son i>f Sir
Benjamin Heywoodj Bart, of CWemont,
Lancashire, to Margaret, eldest daughter
of Thomas Hey wood, csq^ of Hope End,
Herefordslii re.

2*X At Gt. Yarmouth*Captajn Spankie
48th Regiment, B,N. I., eldest »on of the
late Mr. Serji^eant Spnnlie, to Clemen-
tma l^uisa, third daughter of ^I, Lacou,
esq.

— At SL Peter's, Burnley^ Ernest
La?ie, esq., to Miss Hoi den, daughter of
the laie Jobti Greenwood, e*q*» of Palace
Houie, Laneaahire.

2L At Corfu, in the Chapel of the
Palace, lliomas William Evans, esq.,
only child of William Evan*, esq., M« P-,
to Mary, eldest daughter of Tlvomas John
Gisbonie, esq,, Secretan' to the Senate,
Corfo.

25l At ScarbQ rough, Tohago, John
Paul Ttiomton, esq., Colonial Sexxetary
of thai Island, to Frances Sarah, eldest
dauf{hier of his Eicellency Major Law-
rence Gneme, Lieutenant- Governor of
Tobago.

^2i3. At Saddleworth Church, the Rev.
J. Biiwman Turoer, M. A.» to Charlotte
Jylia» third daughter of the late Rev. R.
H. Whitetock. M. A^ of Lincoln College,
Otroitl.

27. At All Souls' Church, Langh^im
Place, the Rev. J. Vivian V'ivian, M.A.,
Rector of CaTdynham, CorowalL to
Hanielte Maria, eldest daughter and co-
heiress of the late William Robinson
Hill, esq., of Carwytlienack, in that
county.

— At St, Mary*s, Stoke Newingtoo,
Edward DickinMrn, ejq., of Rugby, to

^Marv, datig titer of the late Cnptaiti Fa>
hiaiuR^N.

— At Huntingdon, Port Mat-^iuarrie,
New South Wai^a, Robert Graliam, e^,,
only son of the lattf Colonel Jtdui Gra.
ham, of Fintry, to Elizabeth Anne, eldest
daughter of Colonel Charles G L.
Grayt laie of the Riiie Brigade.

— At Llanstephan Church, Caem>ar-
Ihenahire, Aldet^on Hod»on, esq., of

to Caroline
Emma Loflus only daughter of tlie late
Colonel Stephen Feaoocke, of the Scots
Fu^itier Guards.

28. At Trinity Church. Upper Chel-
sea, the Rev. Wdliam Fenneialher, lo
Atme, eldest daughler of the late General
the Hon. John Brodrick.

— At Bromley, Kent, Densil John
Holt, third Bon of Deiizil Ibbetaon, esq.,
Deputy>Commi^«ary- General, Malta, to
Clarissa Elizabeth, thirJ daughter of the
Rev. Lanftdowne Guilding, late Rector
of the Island of St. Vincent-

— At St. Mary's, Bryanston-square,
H. St. G. Ord, Royal Engineer*, to
Julia Graham, young^ daughter of the
late Adm. Carpenter.

90. At Trinity Church, Marylebotie,
William Fox, junior, «^., to Susan
Cordelia., third daughter of Colonel Fan-
shawe, C.B.

SL At Pari*, L. B. K. Bruce, esq., of
the Priory, Rouharapton, secnnd son uf
the Right Hon. Sir J. L. Knight Bruce,
Vice- Chancellor, &c*, (*> Carol iiie Mar-
claret Elixa, only daughter of Thomas
Newte, esq.

JUNE.

i^. At Charlton, Commander J. J.
M*Cleverly, R. N., to Sophia, widow of
the late Commcinder R< F. Cleavelandj
R.N., and fifth daughter of the late ReVw
Herbert Oakeley, D,D., of Oakeley,
Shropshire.

^- At Broadwater, Sussex, the Rer.
?ktichael Thonias Du Pre, to Sophia,
third atid youngest daughter of the Uite
Rev. Fredt^rick Gardiner, of Wadhurit,
Suiwx.

a At St xMar>-lebone, the Hon.
George S. Gough* of the Grenadier
Guards, only son of the Ritrht Hon.
General Lord Gough, G.C. B*, Com.
maiider in^ehief in the Eat^t Indies, to
Jane, second daughter i»f the late George
Arbiithnot, of Elderslie, Surrey,

4. At Miriiapore, Brand Sapte, esq.,
Bengal Civil Service, third sou of Fran-
cis Saptc, esq., of Eaton Place, to Caro^
line Maria, daughter of the late Captain
Pembertonr R-N.

— At Marseilleji, Archibald V, Smith,
esc)., to Emily Jane, Relict of the lale
Lieutenant -Colonel Ferrw, formerly
Treasurer of the Island of Mauritius

9. At St. George's, Hanover Squaie,
Gore Langton, e*q., to the Lady Anna
Etiia Grenville, onty daughter of the
Duke of Buckmgham.

k

1M6.

• jrsfs «jc x! ^v itfv Met-

•C: •*

. j.i.*:»-Ji*r^

^ . > n.iam. --:.
;'-n-:»: .r 'A 4..->^ i^

— A' 5*. (.)*z*.r'^'

kvrwvcke H-hm

Gertruiie Chai

la At St.
ion. Vnoaimtl
EariofDenbii

V -:: - .■^- . i-: « i^ *: :-.imrt Geor-
—.=•». - -.Jcv!5 atar*««' rf:fte fair Re*.

":::»-^ X *., t 1 "^i-?* WJt mih pproBd

^:r k X." I-: fc'- X D- rtv^sician to

T«- r.-az=.<r >£fc*8rr > EmbuFv at

H.*n«

'*r >s..i.'-.

J*TB •

J". ■^^5«.r ;f

tr.-L. :ji

-«:.--• a i

»:i:a. T

*>« i»;irti-

-s. e^

- »-: 2CCC3.

>f tlw
liUof

7. »: ."O-u^

^:«»p. Caor** Bvx. rf :*» GmuidRr
.>^->k i.-xti *TB "rftifce Ute RU*t Hon.
?v- C-oTT* EVu-c O.C.B.. to .Scif*y
L-»- «. ♦■'•>!^ ifc^r^ier of Rcar-Admral
tae He- J-x«-.ie iVrr, C.R

^ A: her, Camn Robert Lambcft
BA\r.xr< R.N^C-B..:o Frances. daoghm'
of the Ri«*«« Hon Lord Denman.

9. At Wiiitbani. Brtf SuBderiHKl.tke
Vencrabtf Geoffe Bland. Arcbdeacon of
Lindiffarne. to' France* Sybe!, eUftert
dMiu'brer ^f the Rer. Jobn CoUimott,
Ko4!ior of B4»ldon. Dmbam.

At St. Jamcb's Wettminister, Chan-
dot Wren Hoskyns, eiq., of Wi

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 22S

MARRIAGES.

Warwickshire* second um of Sir Hunger-
ford Hosk)Tis, Bart,, of Hareford» Here-
Ibrdshire, to Anna Faoe, younj^st diiugh-
ler of Chirles Milner Rk-kelU, c*cj.

— At St. Pancraa, the Kev. R. S, C.
Cher nisi de, B*A., eldest son of Sir Robert
Alex.inder Chertn^ide* K. C. H., &c.,
M. D., Physician to lier Britannic Ma-
jesty's Embassy at Parln, to Emily, eldest
daughter of John Daw=on» esq., of Re-
gent'.'i-Bquare, London ; and, ut the same
time* Henry Fraaer Waller, esq., lo Isa-
belle Catherine, youngest daughter of
John Datvson* esq.

IL At the parish church, Doneastefi
the Rev. Francis Whrilcy Harpur, A.M.,
eldest son of rhe Venerable the Archdea-
con of Madms, to Harriette Sfirahn, third
daughterof John Moorct esq. , of I>i>ricaster.

14. At St. John** Church » Devizes, the
Rev. Mavow Wynell Mayow, Vicar of
Market Lavington, Wilts, to Caroline
Kate, «econd daughter of the Rev. Alfred
Smith, of Old Park, near Devizes.

— At SU Mary's Church, Letghlon,
Henry Went worth Dyke Acland, esq.,
M.D . third Mm of Sir Thomas Dyke Ac-
id, Bart, of Killerlon, Devon, to Saruh,

it daughter of William Cotton, esq.,
Walwood House, K<«ex.

— At Alver*tokt% Citptnin Frcdt^riek
Warden, R-N., to Ellen, youngest daugh-
ter of the late Vice- AdmiraJ Garrett, of
Anglesey*

^- At O^priiige, Ketit, Edward Jnr-

maii, cs,q., of B re nicy Houfie, Kent, to

Ltiicy Sarah Manners Sutton, widow of

late RevK T. Manners Sutton » Sub.

lean of Lincoln.

— Captain Mastou, R.N., to Isabella
Suitatnia, third dnuuhter of the late Ed-
ward Frerc, esq., of Britton, Gloucesler-
fhire.

15. At VValmer, R. O^de, esq., of the
Inner Temple, BarTi-stcr'at-Law. to Miir>',

ughter of Captain Haney. R.N.

Ifi. At Allahabad, Charles BroivnSluart,
esq., 3rd N-L, to Charlotte Agnes, second
daughter of Captain Kni<^httey Mu-^gravc
Clay, of l^oches, in France.

18. At Sl Pancraa Church, John Reid,

., R N., Assistant- Surgeon of her Ma-
y's Dockyard, Devonport, to Mnry
^nne Elizabeth, youngestdaughter of the
late Captain George Charles Stovin,
R.N.

— At Chriftl Church, Belgaum, John
S. D. De Vitre, esq., of the Bombay
Civil Service, tti Anieiifi, second daughter
of Cbriitopher Kane, esq., and niece of
hh Excelleocy Lieu tenant^- General Sir

Vol, LXXXVIII.

Coiin Camplicn, K,C»B., Governor of
Ceylon.

'io, At Kimpton, Herts, Csptain the
Hon. F. \y. Grey, RN., C.B., to Bar-
barina Charlotte^ daughter of the Rev. F.
Sultivan.

21. At Calboumc, Isle of Wight, the
Rev. Robert Sum tier. Rector of Cal»
bourne, to Jane Elizabeth, second daugh-
ter of Sir R. G. Sitneon, Bart.^ of Swain-
ston, Isle of Wight.

— At Trinity Churchy St- Marylebone,
George Gustavus Monck, son of the late
Rev. George Mtmck, to Harriet, second
daughter of Sir William Home, of I' pper
Harlev -street.

212.* At Ryde, Isle of Wight, Henry
Sholto Douglas, esq., 42od lligblandefs,
second son of the late Major- General Sir
William Douglas, K. C. H.. to Mary, eldest
daughter of the late Rev. James Dyke
Molcsworth Mitchell, M.A.

23. At St. Marykboue, Reginald Ed-
ward Knatchbnll, esq., voun^est son of the
late Sir Edward Knatchliull, Bart., to Lucy
Flleatior, secoud daughter of Captain Wil-
liam Bowen,

— At Auchlcrk* House, Blair Athol,
Captain Maxwi?ll Hyslo|), of the Bengal
Army, to Mary, third tlauohter of Rol^rt
Roberh^ou, ei»q., of Auchlccks, iind of
Membtand Hall, Dcvoti,

— At St. tjeorge*s, Hanover^square,
Lord Liodsjiy, rldesf son of the Earl of
Balcarres^ to Margan-t, eldest daughter of
the Hon. Colonel James Lindsay, of
Balcarres.

25. At Thetford, Norfolk, John Rich,
ardsoii Major, esq., M. A., of Exeter Col-
logCj Oxford, to Josephine Bridget, second
daughter of the late Thomas Withers Gill,
esq. , of Thetford.

*27. At the Britii.h Emba^^y, Berne,
Switjterlaud, George William Bacon, esq,,
to Mnrgarcl Mary, widow of the lale WeU
Icsley Coi^by, esq.

— At Si. Margaret's, Rocheiief, ihe
Rev. William Barlow, Keeond ton of th«
btc Admiral Sir Robert Barlow, G.C.B„
and Canon of Chester, to Anne, eldest
duughtcr of the Hon. and Rev. Frederick
Hothmstn, Canon of Rochester,

*2R At St. Job 11% Faddington, Col-
onel Robert Cannon. K.S.F,, Ac, to
I»abella,youngusi daughter of the late Ro-
be rtLimgfbrd, esq. , of t*pper Harley-strect,

— At St. MartinViii-the- Fields, the Hon.
Olway F. Totcr, son of the late Earl of
Norbury, to the Hon, Miss Scarlett,
eldest daughter of Lord Abinger.

— Ac Celbridge, Ireland, Lord Lang*

iMc

rit. : kv

-*i- ..-^ i-» .in.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 227

MARRIAGES. '

Tuntftall, Kent, the Rev. Ncwioii Diikenson, to Mary Dorothea,
youngest daughter of Colonel Filageraid*
^f Mapcrton House, Somenset

ti7. At L in d ridge, Samuel John Heath -
cole, e^q., to Mary Sidney- Smilh, eldest
daughter of the late Sir Chnilopher
Sidney Smith.

I

— At

Edirard Kayc Bumey, Ai»A,, son of
the V^enerahle Archdeacon Bumey» to
Emily Dulcibeya^ daughter of the late
Rer. George Moorci Canon of Canter-
bury,

— At Freshwater, Isle of Wight,
John Duke Coleridj^e, caq., eldest son
of the Hon. Mr. Justice Coleridge, la
Jane Forlcsteue, third daughter of the
Rev. G. T. Seymour, of Farringford,
Isle of Wight,

12. At St, George's, HanoTcriiQuarc,
the Hijj;ht Hon. Sidney Horhert, to feliza-
both, dnnghterof Major- General A' Court,
of Aminjflon Hall, Wnrwicksihire,

13L Ai Fambf>rough, John, eldest son
of John Hardy, esq., M»P., of Wortley
Park, Hants, to Laura, third daughter of
William Holhech, esq., of Famborough|,
Warwickshire.

— At Plymoutli, W. H, Prance* e*q.,
of Plymouth, to Elizaheth Penrose, only
daughter of Captain Cocwle, R.N., C. B.,
and grand -daughter of the late Vice-
Admiral Sir C. V. Penrose* C.B.

18. At Woolwich, Captain Bainhrigge,
Royal Engineers, lo Margaret, daughter
of Colonel Pnterson.

— At Stony Middlcton, Derhyshirc,
Frederick Holland, esq., Lieut. R»N.,
to Anne, fifth daughter of Lord Den man.

la At Plymouih, the Rev. J. Smvlhc,
to Calherine Lucretia, daughter of the
lute J. Jago, D,D., Vlcaj' of Milton
Abbot, Devon.

m At St, ChadV, Lichfield, the Rev,
Henry S, Cerjat, Rector of West Hors-
ley, Surrey, to Francea Charlotte, second
daughter of tbe Hon. and Rev. A. P.
PercevaL

— At Exton Church, Rutland, An-
drew Aguew, esq., eldest ion of Sir
Andrew Agiiew, Bart, of Loehnaw
C«j.lle, N. B.. to (he Ladv Louisa Noel,
eldest daughter of the iCikrl of Gaiiiii-
borough.

— At Aberdoyr, James Ly*a^ht, esq.,
Cvrigmone, Cork, to Aclelafde Jan-
Douglas, fifth daughter of the late

Wajor- General Beatson, formerly Go-
vernor of St. Helena.

At Trinity Church, St Mmrylebone,

Caplmiu tsimcy, Scots Fusilier Guarflu,

' > Harrtct, daughter of Edward Marjori-

esq,, of Wimpole-street.

At Norwood, the Rev. G. Towu*-

DrlflieJd, Rector of Bow, Middle-

iexi lo Ann Stsum, widow of the late

G<.^orgQ Geoffrey WyatviHe, esq.

ax At Mapertotti the Ecv. Edward

— At Stilhngtori, Ralph Creyke, esq.,
of RawclilTe Hall, and of Marton, York-
shire, to Louisa Franees, second daugh-
ter of Colonel Croft, of Stillinglon Hall,
in the same county*

— At Silverton, Devon, Lieutenant
and Adjutant Charles Bentley, 51 st Regi-
ment, to Eliza, youngest daughter of the
Rev. Charles tripp, D, D., Reetor of
Silverton.

29. At St. MaryX Kilkenny, Cbarlefl
William Tupper, ^., Sevenlli FuiUkrit
to Frances Letitia, daughter of Sir
WTieeler Cuffe, Bart, of Xeyrath, KiU
ketiny.

— At the Abbey Church, the Hon,
Charles A. W^ H. Noel Hill, youngcrt
son of the Right Hon. and kev. ihfl
L«rd Berwick, of .^ (tin sham, Shropshire,
to Catherine Mary, eldest daughter of
Charles MareJi Adams, esq., of tJbe
Ahhey, Shrewaburj'.

^ At St, George's, Han over- s^juare,
E. H. Greene, esq., of Hinxton, Cam-
bridgeshire, to Julia, eldest daughter of
Francis Forester, esn., of St James's*
place, and niece of the Duke of Cleve-
land.

31, At Wilton Church, near Taunton,
Lieutenant- Colonel Elliott, of Edin-
burgh, to Mary, daughter of the late
J. S. Patlon, esq,, of the Friary, Lich-
field.

— At Tmnis, Selkirkshire, James
Samuel, esq,, Civil Engineer, Lnnrton,
to Margaret Lydia, second daughti^r of
the late Jame* Hogg, esq., of AUrive
Lake, Author of the '* Queen's Wake,'*

SEPTEMBER,

1. At St. Mary's Church, Leaming-
ton, William Riveit Caniac, ewj., to
Mury Anstruthey, third daughter of Per-
civai S, Wilkinson, of Mount Oswald,
Durham.

— At Cheltenham, the Rev. R, Hay-
man White way, lo Sarah Eliiabelht only
diughter of Lieutenant- Colonel Sped-
ding, lato 4th Light Dra^^tKtns.

— At Greet) law Hou»e, the Rev.
John Wilson, D.D., Bombuy, to Isabella,
second daughter of tho late James Dennis-
toun, esq., of DennUtoun. At the Bam«

Q8

228 .^NXLAL REGISTER, 1846.

MARRIAGES.

tiBM*. Williain ('SillMpir Mitrhcll, nq., nf Roue Eli«n. t-ouojen daagb%r of lu
C*rwond. I.I Ji-^ir. \oiinf>esit daughter of late John Robin!><tr.~ e«^

*~ 13. At Croons. Ri.-hard Ftiwrse;

nq., of R^x-kriev, WettBnth. v

ihr lafr Jane* IVintMnun, esq., uf Den*
iiwiiun.

t Kx rVni.tn Park. Yorkthirp. the
Uinl Jiihr. Ha«. C. R.. in Mmtv Anne,
rtdiv: dauiri.irr or ihr lair Donald
Laarv^uk •!* I.iK-iiirL

— M >ti«*f I>aiiMrrI. ChaHis James
CSi?T«rU. «s<j , .if ihf Inner Temple,
RaTTM.-** a?.;a«. To Klirahc'th Anne,
tH«ir< oiact.ti" •!*' I afiiain Sanderss R.N.

~> A: HaiKK«ii-ih Churrh. Ullliam
Hen-\ \lunu. «h»j.. «econd pon nf G. F.
\l.:n:: V P . r. Ali.>-. second daiifrhter
•v i-^siv"- P*"kff- «*» • *^f Church Hill

- ^ V*«vn.«i. Chur^-h, the Rev.
Ran.ii>i.-v >»::tiit;r.. ml of Sir Grey
>»s atrr. Ka-i.. o? NenK^ld Hall, to
^-> h.».,w. iai:;.'hii'r or thv Rev,

:^ A: Kunrw>. Vthur Malet. esq..
x-N--,***- Ti i«.-iriinii*i.:. iinh frin iif the
ur; >i ^>.a-tt^ Ua-rr VlaJi't. Hart., to
\U-% xvif.:^ Mavu. rh«-.: dauchu-r of
.J * M = : I wuh^\ i"^; . .Mi'mStT of

i.^ui, r. fh. H.M. K.'iHl^v:^ rra.irt'>

\lilliv. wvirti. «liixi7hr.- o' 2 «»*.: >."indi»fc.

.■» A: rh. AMkm rf.4r.'/.. M-'»em.

( K'iiT<knanf.i ..l,,ni-» ^ \ •» J T" iSho.

Ut, \i.v.A.1niii-a M.illtv

» 1 1 !*.inv I I, till- Stand Nh. r*4**i .

\i !" I'V ^^ iffiiii. If. Mn.ti-iniir«plh Nal'inr

n-ti. .i. \lon.*h«

S A: \^ Kf.ni Hnli. AHh-I. lidi'ST sim
f! 'hi i:.r, Si A IN" : i^'li. >>• KJj>-.'ilifrh
Mi'hnr.i. ,,„(^ ,|niiifj,!,M .if Nr Hfnr*
H^ilt;.-., M.,r, \, («

^^ K««*Hi.<. |»'.i!h'r: K-imU-ri Tur-
»»••' '**.' . A.I"J ( .. ..• ;}..• K.V.-1J Iri«.h
Kitolifix. f,. \|„p^ Ann, d.uwhrert^ lije

Rosetta. dauxffhrer of Sir Dnid Roohi
Bart., of Carv<

1& Ac Beckenhaas. Kem. thf Rci
Francu Bouniilloo. \li.ar of St Min
Huntingdon, m Sophia. fiHirth caueii
of Lanrelui Holland. eM).. of Lanfic
Form, BvH'kenham.

17. .\t Halifiu. NV.i a Scotia, the Hoi
William Kennedy. R.A.. #on »f theli
Earl of Cassiili^j to Sarah Jane. eUf
daughter of the late William .M. I
Bloit.

1& .At the Catholic Chapel. S^an^
place. Manrhe^ter-squarv, C. R. S. )la
n\\ eso., fbnnerlr .M. P. for Ailesbui
to the Hon. Amelia Fra$er. el.iek daas
tcr of Lord Lovat.

22. In Sr. Anne's Church. DubE
the Rev. Andrew Noble Bredin, to Ma
WiJhelmina, third daughter of tlie la
Robert Cooper, esq., of Bafrgi^-anti
At St. Thoma*'« Cha|)el. R«
Head Pottinger Besr. esq, of Diumiofil^
Cantle House, Berk*, to Jane, elA
daughter of George Stralton, wq, ft
mi'riv a member of the Oo^emmeiit
rort St. Geor|;e.

^. ~T. ^^ *'■ Paul'*. Chichester. Ga«tap
V ^onffi*. esq., of the 2nd or Queer
K.'vaJ Re^rimrnt. to Harriet. vi.uȣt
.laujhrc^ of J. B. Fr^^land, 'e^..' .

2a At Lvndhurst, Fredc'rick A. Lu^
yicton. esq., youngest son of Sir Hciii
Lij>h.n,jion. l^n., to Ladv Martpin
Jiilu Hat. youngest daughter of Wil
J»m. f.ftoonih Karl of Em.l.
\t"T A' J*""no<juie House. Fif^Uin
\S nham Piicaim. esq., MO., H.E.I.C.S
t.. .Vii,^' Pasion. rtrth daughrer of th
lato i oloiK 1 PaTer«>n, of Cunuoquie.

-^ At nwugl.fon P(»gi«. Oxfoni*ire
Tlh.ma.- navi<i. third

lor.

st»« of John Tav

Int. .1.1*4.

!»'■ (*jiiK4in. r^..

('iinihi>r|„,„i

^ ^' Ihi Chiirrh oi i
li«N*rn^x. thi' R|.|. K..h,.r
•o Klivahorh. oUic^t .laud

UK Ai Havanu A. K.
NarriiS Man. \'0(incrr c
l|j» ^ioe- Admiral Sir J. .
KOB. K.S.F.

It At Sl ManV. Br
llbr Hk. Jo«y^ ^hacki

I'hZ^r "\ ^"»"»^^>^v-square. Brisl.^I. i.
Charluue Ann, third daugh'tT of ih,

^\heti!,^;rh^^"°"p''' ''•''- ""*'^'

^^utenan. ?"1- '''i^- ^" «f 'he lah
^utenam.C olonel Alexander Maitland,

*a^'h.;^,^''uP»^''■^^'^' ^'-B-'to Mitilda

^ M'.«l.ek"^ '^' "' '^'^ '^'^* ^^*^ J^'^'

***" '^^"^^ Synge ftutchin.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 229

MARRIAGES.

¥

*

hon, c>^ , and the Lady Loui^ia Syngc
JititcIiJiison.

*2b. At Dacca. Willmm M'Neile, e#q.,
Qth Rcgimtnt Native Infantry, lo Jmjt*
Eliza, (laufjhtcr of Majur J. Jervis, com-
mand hip; lli€ same rc^tmciit.

m The Rev. Richard Fkllingrs, In-
cuinbent of St. JotinV, Newport, Isle of
Wight, to Sara Otwavi second dauglitcr
tjf the bte Ctdoiiel Mavne, formerly of
the Life Gtiardu.

28. At St. PaulV, Wit I on- place. Cotg
Somcr^t D'Arcy Imiie, e*c|<, li.FB.»
youngest &oii <if Sir Gcfirge I nine* Bart,
of Cattle Irvine, County Fermanagh, U*
Emblyii, youngest dauijliter of J. Knox
Ilanyiigton. e^q,, of DuiigEUiimn Ca,4le,
County Tvront?»

*2f>. At Buekleaham, Ipswich, Marcus
W'illEamr pon of I^farcus John Anocsley,
csf|., l»le of Oakley, County Down* to
France* Ehzabclh, relict of Henry Hor-
dem. cs*]., of Dniislall rfiill, anrl sister of
Sir Holvoakc Gtjodricke. Bart,

30, A't Carlton, the Rtv. Edward Trcl-
lope. Rector of Leas3Dgham» mn of «he
laic, and brother of the |) resent. Sir John
Trollope, Bjrt,, M.P., of Ca^nvick^ to
Grncc* daughter of Sir John Henry Pal-
mer* Bart., of Carlton Park, Northamp-
lotiBhirc.

OCTOBER,

J* At St, ]Vfary'», Afhloiu\ Lieutenaut-
Ctoloncl Thomas Gore Browu, Royal
Artillery, ta Ibe Hon* Aune Slrett4in»
relict of the kte Colonel SlrcttOTU C.li.p
AIH^ youngest daughter of the late Lurd
Castlemainc.

*2. At All Souk' Churcht George Agar
ThofopsotT^ erq.j 93r(i Highhmders. i*;on of
J. Thompsfm, c«tj.» M.D., bte of the
Royal Artillery* to Elltn ElizakMh Aim
Newton, daughter of the Rciv. Alfred Pad-
ley* of Bui well HalU Nottiogham*hire.

5. At St, George^s^ Hauover-»quare,
Hetir)' Johu Milbank, csq», son of Mr.
and Lady Augu§ta Milbauk, to the Lady
Margaret Henrietta fllcria Grev, oidy
daughter of the late Lord Grey of Grnby*
■iid sister to thf present Earl of Stamford
Brid Warnngtoii.

(j. At St, John's Church, Pattdiiij^oi^
Captain Sattdhani, of the Ro)al Hor?-e
Artillery* ehlest f.on of M,ijor Snnd ham,
of Rowtlell Hous*% .Sup^ex, to Mary
Georgiaua* dnnghtcr of Robert Gear, cstj *
of Oxford s^quare, Hyde-park.

— At Stotfold, Beds, Thomai Jesson*
jun.* esq., eldest &on of Thomas Jessou,
cpq., of Beech House, HaniA, to Anne

Francis, yonnt»cs>t daughter of Jhe late
Thomas Read Kempt esq., of Kemp
Town, Brighton,

— At Barton-on-lhc-Hea(h* Ihe Rev.
Charlci Benet Callcy* Vicar of Hanntng-
fon, Wilt5» youngest *cm of John James
Cilley, cMi** of Bluasdiin St. Andrew,
WillSi lo Julia Sit»nona, third dDUghlcr of
the Rev. J, Schokfield* B. 1), * Rector of
Bart oil -on-thc- Hcath» W;irwickshiro.

7, At St. Andrew^s Church* Plymonth,
Wjhiam, sou of Thomas GiU, escj., M. P.,
of Buckhuid Abbey* Devon, to Georgiaim,
daughter of Caplain Sir ThomJM Fel-
lowcH* C, B.* of .Stoiiehou*e, Devon.

8. At St. Mark's^ Kenniogton* Mr.
Thomas llorwood, of Austin Friara, eldest
son of Thoraa^ Horwnod, effj,, of the
Middle Temple, to Eliza Atme. only
daughter of the late James Moore Frencli,
ex| , of the Rojal Eschfloge* London,

— At the Chnrch of Walton-k-Dale,
Lancashire, the Rev. Charles Birkmore,
M A„ of BerkMvell Hall, Warwickshire,
to Elizabeth, daoghleriif William Calrow,
cMi,*of the Hall, Walton-Ie-Dale,

— At Favvley, near Simthutnptoni R. G.
Lumlcy, eBq.» of Tickhill Ca-tle, York-
shirtv to Frederiea Mary ,\tlehia* {laugh>
ler of Andrew R, and Lady EliialM".lh
Urummond* of Cadkml Park* and gnmd*
tlaugbtcrof bisGra^-e the Duke of Rutlaml

\L At the Chanel of tlic Britii^h Em-
hassy, at Paris, Cliarles Ernest, Baron de
Luliersac, only ion of the Vicomte dc
Lulicrsae* of Jtoohefort* Seine ct Oi«e» to
Angnsta, eldest rlaiigbter of the Rev. Per-
cival Frjc, St, Wiimovv* Curuw.ilh

It). At Springfield Church, Essex*
Edmund, youugcs-t 5on of John Round,
cst|,, MP. for Matdon* to Louii^a Caro-
line, third daughter of Charles George
Parker, cs»[. , of Springfield Place, E>iex*

IL At Wro'jghteii, the scat of John
fjo veil* esq., Captaio Francii Lovell (Ftrst
Life Guards )*lo the Lady Rose Somerset,
fourth dijughter of the Duke and Duchess
of Beaufort.

1*3, John Talbot Rice, youngest ion
of the Dean of Gloucester, to Clara Louisa,
daughter of Sir John Chandos Reade,
Bart,, of Shiplou Court, (Lvfordshire.

— At Lyinlngton, HattK Michcll
Frank H. Crozier, esq., Madras Civil
Service, youngcft son of Raw son D, Cro-
zier* epq.* of We:*l Hill, Ysirmouth, Isle of
M'ight* to Harriet, eldest daughter of the
Rev. Sir George Burrard, Dart,, of Wal-
hampl<in, Hant».

— At Attkbitrgli, Norfolk* the Rev,
William Weller Foley, M. A., second M>n

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 231

MARRIAGES.

»

a At Trinitf CKurch. Ryde, Isle of
Wipht. Arthur Oakes, aq.. of her Majes-
ty's I3lli (Prhu'e Alliert's) Liglil Infantiy,
to Sarah Caroline, second daugliter of
the late Re¥. J, Bushnell^ Vicar of
Beaiiham Valance, Berks.

7. At St. Peter's, Eaton -square, the
£ar] of Elgin and liinnardine, to the
Lady xMary Louisa L,imbton» eldest
f laughter (if the lafe Earl fif Dm ham,

JU. A I Walthaiii Abb*n^ Phibp MeU
motli Nelson Guy, es*|., Caplraiii in her
Majesty*? 5th Fusileer?, to Amie Klizabcth,
eldest daut^hter of Ciiplairi J. H. Plum-
ridge, U.K. M.P.

— In LondoUt the MnrquB of Ailsa*
to Julia, second daughter of tho late Sir
lUcbard Mauuteney Jeph*oo» Bail.

^- At OalbacQ Hall, SulTolk, the Rev.
S. Charles, M-A. of Trinity College,
Cambridge^ to MarioTi^ voungest daughte:r
of the Rev. Sir Robert' A lUeck, Bart., of
Dniham Hall, and grand-daui^hter i/f tlie
late Hon, Sir Elijah Impey» Chief Jus^ticc
of BenffaL

— At RipmngalCt the Rev, Henrj'
HarnR, A.M., Vicar of Horblingj to Mrs*
Thomas Darby. »ect>nd daughter of the
RcY. W. T. Waters, Rector of the former
place.

I2» At Trinity Church, Marylebone,
J, Ireland Blackbyme, esq., Captain 5th
Dragoon fiuard*, only 50n of John Ireland
Bluekbunic% e^q., j\LP., of tble, Lanca-
shire, to Mary, eldest dauj^btcr of Sir
rienr)^ Bold HnglttoTi, Bart., of Hoghton
Tom^er, in the jyime county.

— At Stoke Chiirchj Plymouth, Frede-
rick JohnO. Evan*, esq., R. N., to Elizabeth
Mary, eldest daughter of Captain Charle*
Hall, R.N„ Stoke.

— At Lknorth Chapel, according to the
ritenofthe Roman Catholic Church, and
a1\erwardf) at the parish church of Lbnover,
John Arthur Jones, eso., eldest son of
John Jonen, esq., and Inc Lady Harriet
Jones, of Llanarth Court and Trcowcn,
Monmouthshire, to Augu^nta Charlotte
Kli/abcth, only child of Sir Bcpjaiuin
Hall, Bart., of Llano ver Court and Abcr.
earue* in tho pame county.

— At Wokingham* the Rev. Henry
Le Grand Bovre, M.A.. to Cordelia,
rblcBt daughter of Captain Hetirv Browne
Ma-^on, R.N,, of Hillfield, Yateley, Hants.

16. At Bruck in StyriaT the' Due de
Bordeaux (aon of the Due de Bcrri, and
claiming lo be King of France), to the
Prtticeta Therc«a of Modena.

17. At Sl George's, Hanover- square,
Lieutenant-Colonel George Everest,

F.R. S., late Surveyor- General of India,
of Clay brook Hall, Leiceite rehire, to
Emma, eldest daughter of Thomas Wing,
esq,, of Gray's Inn, and HanqMcad, Mid-
dlesex^

— At St. John's, Paddington, the Rev.
C'harles Buroey, M. A., Incumbent •>f St.
James the Apostle, Green»ted Greco,
eldest son of the Venerable Archdeacon
Burncy, to Mary, eldest daughter of the
late Licuteriant-tolonel John Carmichacl.

— At Blithfield Hall, Staflbrdshire,
Captain H. Bagot, R.N., second son of
the Bishop of Bath and Wclb, to Mhi
Frederica W, Bagot, youngest daughter
of the late Ri|a;ht Hon. bir Charles Bagot.

— At Dunehidcockj tho Rev. Henry
Palk, Rector of Bridford, second fion of Sir
Lawrence Vaughan Palk, Barb, of Haldon
House, to liabetla Mary, daughter of Jame«i
Pitman, esq., of Dunchideock House.

'2\. At the Sardinian Embassy ChafH*!,
Miles Gerald Keon, c*q-, onlv son of the
late Milea Keon, c&q., and tfie Countess
Magatfvley, of Keoo Brooke, Leitrim, to
Ann de la Pierre, second daughter of
Major Hawke*, late of her Majesty's 21st
Light Dr.igooo8,

*24. At Christ Church, Albany.strect,
the Rev. William Whitehead, Fellow of
Worcester College, Oxford, and Curate
of Ca mhc rwei I , to Harri ct , you n gcst daug h-
tcr of the late Rev. Richnrd I^xham,
Rector of Halsall, Lancashire, and In-
cumbent of St. John's, LiverpooL

— At Muff, county of Londonderry,
John Scaile, esq., to Emily Sarali Fran-
ces, eldest daughter of the late Lieutcnant-
C'oionel H, W, Wilkinson and Lady
Hp^ilrijige.

2r5. At St. Thomas's, Dublin, Henry
Brownrigg, esq,, only son of Thomas
Brownrigg, esq., of Greenfield, County
Dublin, to Mary M.itilda, elde^ daughter
of the late Capt. Alexander Hanua, 56th
Regiinflit.

26. At Welwyn, Herts, tho Hon. and
Rev. Richard Godolphin Henry Hastings,
) oungeist son of the late and bri*ther of the
present Earl of Huntingdon, to Agnew, tho
pixth diiughter of Henry Fynes Clinton,
esq., of Welwyn.

— At St, Peter's, Dublin, ,lohn Scud-
amore, esq., to Anne, relict of John Hol-
Inndt esq., Lieutenant IL N., and daygb-
tcr of the late Capt. William Boier, R. N.

28. At St. George** Hanovcr-^uare,
(he Han. Beilby Lawloy, eldest son of
Lord Wenlock,'to the l^y Eliiabeth
Grosvenor, third daughter of the Marquif
of WattmioBtcr.

232 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

MARRIAOE&

At St Jamc8*8, Dover, the Rev.

Robeit Twigg, A. M., Vicar of Tilman-
stone, Kent, fourth son (if the late Rev.
Thomas Twigg, Vicar of St. Stephen's,
Colcman-street, to Ann Frances, youngest
daughter of the late Charles Green, esq.

DECEMBER.

1. At Brouffhton, Oxfordshire, tlie
Rev. Thomas Dend, M. A., Rector of
Blechington, in the same county, to
Elizabeth Susan Ann, only daughter of
the Rev. C. F. Wyatt, M. A., Rector of
Broughton.

— At Bathford Church, Bath, Fitz-
james Stuart Macgregor, esq., son of
Lieutenant General J. A. Paul Mac-
gregor, Bathford House, to Louisa Jane,
daughter of John Wiltshire, esq., of
Shockerwick.

2. At Currie House, Borthwick Ebe-
nczer Wallace, esq., writer to the Signet,
to Isabella, youngest surviving daughter
of the late Ralph Hardie, esq.

3. At Walcot Church, Bath, Peregrine
Henry Fellowcs, esq., R. M., son of Capt.
Sir Thomas Fellowes, R. N., C. B., to
Caroline Elizabeth, only daughter of
Major- General Forbes, Royal Artillery.

— At St. George's, Hanover-square,
John Cater, esq., son of Major Cater,
Royal Artillery, to Margaret Corsane,
daughter of the late John Rcid, esq.,
Advocate, Edinburgh, and sister of Sir
James John Reid.

5. At Broughton Church, Oxon, Henry
Wenman Newman, esq., of Thombury
Park, Gloucestershire, and Clifton, Bris-
tol, to Frances Margaret, eldest daughter
of the Rev. John Joseph Goodenough,
D. D., Rector of Broughton Pogis, Ox-
fordshire.

8. At All Souls' Church, Langham-
place, Rear-Admiral Earl Waldegrave,
C. B., to Sarah, widow of the late Edward
Milward, esq., of Hastings.

— At St. Luke's, Hcywood, John Cun-
liffe Kay, esq., of Ferefield Hall, York-
shire, eldest son of Ellis Lister CunlifTe,
Kay, esq., of Manningham Hall, in the
same county, to Ann, only daughter of
James Fenton, esq., of Bamford Hall,
Lancashire.

— At Jarviston House, Lanarkshire,
Captain J. O. MoUer, of her Majesty's
2Sth Regiment, to Mary Pen, third

'-ighter of the late Major Drysdale, of
viston.
• At Edinburgh, James Vayghan

Allen, esq.* of iDcfamartiiw, PatUiRi
Ute of the 8th Hinsan, to Bnfaum Ebi^-
ton, third daughter of Laeuteimt-GcBail
Sir Neil Douglas K. C. a, K. C E,
Commander of her M^eslj*a Form h
North Britain.

9. At Henny Church, near Sndboiy,
Suffolk, the Rev. John Vilngfield Had.
ing, of Tong. Shropshire, to EfiiaM
Anne, daughter of the late Charks Baf-
mond Barker, etq.

— At Burgany, John Dalnrmple, ei^
M. P^ younger, of Fordel, to Louia hat
Henrietta Emily, eldest daughter of tk
Due and Ducb^ee de Coigny.

— At Melksbam, the Rer. dnries
Wadham Diggle, hL A., eldest aoa of
Colonel Diggle, K. H^ to Georgin
Augusta, eldest daughter of the Rev. T.
Heathcote, of Shaw Hill, Wilts.

10. At Adare Church, Sir John Nugeot
Humble, Bart., of Cloneoakeran, Coootj
Waterford, to Eliza Philippa, only daugh-
ter of George Fosbeij, oq., of Cum-
bridge, County Limenck.

12. At St. Dunstao's West, William
Johnstoun Neale, esa., Barriater-at-law,
second son of the late Adam Neale, M. D.,
Physician to the Forces, to Fanny Her-
bert, daughter of the late Captain Joaah
Nisbet, R. N.

14. At Edinburgh, William Speid,esqM
to Johanna, youngest daughter of the late
William Wallace, LL. D., Professor of
Mathematics in the University of Edin-
burgh.

16. At Abbot's Ripton Church, Hunt-
ingdonshire, William H. Moubray, esq.,
R. N., son of Lieutenant-Colonel &
Robert Moubray, K. C. H.,of Cockaime,
Fifeshire, to Selina Mary Anna, fourth
daughter of John Bonfoy Rooper, esq.,
of Abbot's Ripton.

17. At Thorpe Arnold, the Rev. J.
Denny Gilbert, Rector of Cantley and of
Rillington, Norfolk, to Florence Maiga-
retta, eldest daughter of the Rev. Plump-
tun Wilson, Rector of Newmarket.

— At Llangattock Church, Brecon-
shire, James Stuart Menteath, the eldest
son of Sir Charles Granville Stuart Men-
teath, Bart, of Closeburn, Dumfries-shire,
to Jane, daughter of Joseph Bailey, esq.,
M.P., Glanusk Park, Breconshire.

21. In Guernsey, Philip W. S. Miles,
esq., M. P., to Pamela Adelaide, fifth
daughter of Major- General William F.
P. Napier.

22. At Pilton Church, Devon, R. J.
Hayne, esq., B. A., of Exeter College,
Oxford, eldest son of the Rev. Dr. Hayne,

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 233

DEATHS. --1845.

Incumbent of Pilton, and Rutti] Dcaiii to
GcoTj?ian?tt youngest dau^^hter of WUliam
Austin WhitLN esft|., of GorweH Houbc,
near Barnstaple,

*2*i At Edinbiirphj George Hair New-
all, pscj., of Uundce, lo Eliza Syme,
youngest daughter of Dr. Richard Huie,
Ediubufj^h.

25). At MansfieJd, M'oodhousc. Notts,
Robert Gill, eaq., in Fanny Susannah*
second daughter of ihe late Colonel Need,
€jf Slienrood Hnll* in the same county.

3L At St. Paiicras Church, Charles
Heyoolds Williams, cBq», of Lincoln's Inn
Fields, second s^m of the late Lieutenant-
Colonel Monier Willtams, Survcjor-
General of the Presidency of Bonibav. to
>IarKarei Marihall, only daughter of John
Romer, estj.^ of Cacnlmdge -terrace, Re-
gent's park, fonnorly Member of Council
of the aame Pfctidency.

i

^» lO Al U:

DEATHS.
1845.

JINE.

At Harthurn, Northumberland, a|3;ed
6fi, Hie Rev. John Hod^on. Vicar of that
parish, Vice-President of the Society of
J Antiquaries of Newcastle ; a gentleman
roffireat an tiquaiian erudition, and an in-
[•defati gable collector of all doeuments and
I reliques connected with the nortbern coun-
■Hes. He was the author of many archa?o-
llogieal treatises, and publiVbed part of a
I very minute and elaboralc history of the
I county of Nortliumberland,

OCTOBER.

1^3, At Brighton, aj^ed 7j, Sir Charles

[Rowtey, Bart. Admiral of the White,

ICX.t, G.C Jf., K.M.T This omcer

iWii* the fourth *on of Viee-A*lmir^l Sir

I Joshua Rowley, Bart., by Sarah» daugh-

Iter of Bartholomew Burton, e*q., of

1 Petersham, Deputy. Governor of the Bank

I of England ;;, and a grandson of Sir

[ William Rowley, K.B. Admiral of llie

Fleeti, Mce- Admiral of Fngland, and a

I Lord of the Admiiafty. He, Mr. Rowley,

\ was made a Lieutenant in 1 78f), and wai

l«pfK)inted acting Captain of the HuR^ir

frigate in Ibc summer of 1794, He iuh-

ipquently commanded tlie Lvnx sloop,

i »nd captured numerrnjfc Frcucfi merchant

Vi^u^eli*, on the North American station.

In MarcbJ 790, being then acting Captain

of the CleofMitm frigate, he captured

TAurore, a French privateer of ten gtins.
He attained post rank in 170*5. When
eommanding TUniic ^30, ho di^plajx-d
great firmness during the (general mutiny
in 1797. He subsequently captured ihe
French IB-gnn corvette Ddconvcrte, the
brig-priv£itetT Bmnelte, of ten guns and
eighty men, and several other armed ves-
sels, on the Channel jilaiion. Captain
Ruuley left TUnilc* in consequence of
bursting a blood -vessel ; but after the
lapse of a few months he was appointed
to the Prince George 98, the flag-ship of
bis brother.in-ldiw the late Admiral Sir
Charles Cotton, Bnrt* In the spring of
1801 he tiias removed into the Bomdicea
fi-igale, and en I rusted with the command
of a light sqnadron employed in Quibcron
Bay. where he (^reatly raolcsted the ene-
my. In 1804 Capft RoavIcv commanded
tikc Ruby 04, auccessively employed in
(he North Sea and off Cadiz. Subse-
quently lo his return from thence, he was
stalioned off the Scheldt, and, in Nov,
1803, was appointed to the Eagle 74, des-
tine<l lo the Sleditcrratiean, which eliip be
joined at Spithead. She formed part of
the squadron under Sir W. Sidney Smith,
eni|>loyccl in di^^urming tlie coasts of Ka-
pler and Calabria in the ^UTOmc^ of 180<i.
On the Hth May that year Capt. Rowhy
conducted the attack at the capture of the
ift^Iand of Capri ; and he was afterward*
severely injured by a ftliell, while employ-
ed- on shure in ihc defence of Gaieta.
The Eagle was attached to the grand
armament sent agaiiiist Antwerp in 1800;
and part of her officers and crew were
employed in the defence of Fort .^lata*
gorda, near Cadiz, in April, 1810. In
Nov. ISl I slie capluredthe Fitnch frigate
Corccyre, pierceu for 40 gun*, and mount-
ing 28. At tins period Captain Rowley
was fienior ofHccr in the Adriatic. His
conduct at the enptuie of Fiumc, July 3,
iHlfJ, was much di*tingui>hed ; nnd he
afterw^ardj bore a conspicuous part in the
o[>enitions against Tricsie, He continued
to scr\'e in (he Adriatic until the allies
were mnsters of that sea. In April 1814
he atCended Loui» XVIIL from England
tu France. He was afhanced to ihe rank
of Rear- Admiral on the 4dt June, 1814;
and uas nominated a Knight Commander
of the Bath, Jan. 2. LS15; and \n the
game year received the order of Maria
Theresa from the EmfK^rnr of Austria*
Towards rhe clo^^ of the latter year be
wa? appointed to the ehi<f commrmd in
the river Mtdway- Sir Charles Rowley's
next ap[iointiiient was, in the autunon of

APPENDIX to CHRONICLE.

237

I
I

DEATH

10; 111 Park'Lme, agc^I ^j, l^Aiic Coheni
esq*, brother of Mrs. Roih&chilcU loti^ a
leading and highly respectable member of
ihe Stock Exchange, He is supposed In
hmve died worth ahout half a million
sterling, and fi>r many years pusl is s^id
to bave made a rule to dislrihute 25 per
cent, of his current animal expenditure in
uno&tentaltous eharily. He often rciidered
himself conspiciious in as^<iistiiiir unfortu-
nate memljers of the Stock Exchani^*
when their conduct merited iuch support ;
and many individual owe their sacee^^ in
life to the interest be took in their welfare.
He sat down to dinner with hift family in
apparent good health, when he wiis sud-
denly »eiied with an apoplectic fit, and
ftunnved only a few hours.

— At Little Ealing, after a long illness,
in her 62nd year, Eliz^a, wife of John
Bowyer Kichots, ewj., F, S. A. of Parlia-
iiienl-'ttft*et. Eldest daughter of John
Baker, esq., of Sali4jbury-siqyare» und
Hampfttead.

12. At Creedy Park, Sandfijrd. De-
vonshire, uged71» Sir Humphrey Phincaj*
Davie, ihe tenth Bart. (1(j4L) The fam-
ily of Davy has flevuri&hed in \arious
branches iu the county of Devon, and
that branch seated at Creedy were de-
weniletl from John Davie, three timefl
raayor of Exeter in the reign vt EIIks-
both, and who, duriurj his first mayoralty*
in 1584. entertained in his houne Don
Anthouio, the exiled King of Portugal.
Sir Humphrey was the fmirth and youog-
eiU, son nf Sir John the Eleventh Dart.,
by Catharine, daughter of John Stokes,
of Rill, Devon!?hire, e»q. He succeeded
lo the title on the decease of his nephew.
Sir John ihe ninth Baronet, who died
lunnarrietl Sept 18, 1824* Sir Hum-
phrey wa.H al.^o unmarried, and, as he VfSk^
the last heir male of the familyt the title
of Baronet has become extinct with
1dm.

— At Limerick^ aged Bl, Sir Joseph
Barringlon, Bart, His family h !mppoj>ed
to have been derived from the family of
Uarringtnn of Es^ex, and ha^ been s.clth.'d
for some generaiion* in Limerick. He
wn* born Feb. 21, 1764, the only s<ni of
Matthew Barriugtoo, e*q. , of thai city, by
JanCf dnnghter of Jrdin Caiiter, of Ually-
vapa» In eonjunction wnh liii sons., Mr.
Jopeph Barrington founded the ho*pital
and infirmary at Limerick, which has
their name, and which was incorp*»raled
by Act of Parliament, 11 Geo. IV» He
was created a Baronet bv patent ibted
Sept. 90, 18dL He married, in 1787,

S — Jan,
Mary, daoghttjr of Daniel BaggoU^ e«q.»
of Limerick, and had b^ue.

12. In Wobura- place, iiged 49 Mrs»
Corn we 11 Baron Wiljion, a well-known
and hi«;hly popular ivriter. Mr?*, Wit&on
was the authoress of several very clever
poems* In I8.*i7 she gained the prixe
offered by the Melodists' Club for the
words of a song, although there were uti-
wnrdi of two nundred candidate*!. She
also was awarded the pri?** f<ir a poem on
the Princess Victoria, at the Cardiff Bardi*?
Fejitival, in 1834, and wrote the words in
the third volume of Mr. Parry's Welsh
Melodies,

13. At U^amington, aged 58, Lady
Anne Wardiaw Raiosay, relict of Ki>bert
Ward law Ramsay, esq., of While Hill,
and airier to the Earl of Balcarrei?.

14. In Wclbeck Street, General John
HodfTson, Colonel of the 4lh or King's
Own Regiment, General Hodgson was
the only surviving son of Fie Id- Marshal I
::9iudhoime Hodgson, who is known in
history a^ the commander of the expedi*
tion which took Belleisie from the French »
in the year 176L and who was greatly
distinguished by the fnendihipand favour
of the Duke of Cumberland, and by the
confidence and good opinion of the great
Efirl of Chatham. The mother of tlie
deceased officer was Lady Catharine
Howard, through whom he was nephew
to the late Field- Marshall the Right Hon.
Sir George Howard, K. B. and first cousin
to the Earl of Effingham, and to Mary
CuuntcAs of Ro.sc berry. He was educa-
ted at Harrow School, and wa« still there
when he obbined his eoinmissiou, so for
back as 1779, in the King's Own Regi-
ment, which waa his father"* corpis, and
was then in Canadtj. He short I y after-
ward* went out to Join it, and served with
it for some years in Catiada ; and in
1703, he was employed a^ major of bri-
gade at the reduction of the inlands of St.
Pierre and Miguelon. He was twice
(aken prisoner .it sea, in 1704 and 1797,
on the latter occasion by a French priva-
teer, after a «evcre action, at the close of
which be sank the colours of the ** King's
Own," to prevent their falling into toe
enemy's hands. He was then taken to
France, where be remained a prisoner
until October, I79i8, when he was cje-
changed. In 1799, he served as com-
manding otlieer with the 4th in Holland,
where be was pre^er^t at the capture of the
town and garriscni of Hofirn, and at the
actions of the 2!id and 6th of October.
In the aetioti near Egmont-op- See he wti

rxi-t Ui v.'.-"" -Jii:
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?!*.'*:.'• ."*'.: r.'.crrr.ar.!*.

.■*•*• ..'; th'i«r-park Gif'itr.4.
.iif'l 70. r f H':rr> rt Aiiifijrilon Draper
^^'oifif.'on, l.ifft ^jr.i'rf J 1 •♦!*•': of Hombay.
r.if ll« rMrrt .v-w fr.'- n/i.i of vVai^f-r A^in^T-
i\itt\ f>>ni{.t#iri, '••q., of OIouocbU: rehire.
'Miroij;/)i Km own inrTir^ and conduct
iiloiif, )n'. rai'^-'l hirn^^rlf to the lii^h and
im|i'»rf.irit -talioTin \\t: .iiirc«».-iv**ly filled,
wiMi h'liioiir t(i his rharijctcr and talent.^
iind t/« the ad«;inta;/(' of tiio country and
th«i ft'liiiini»tr.ition rif jiinlicc. He cm-
hniccd I hi* miliiarv |»rofrhhi<iii very early
ill life, and mTvcffuifli hiit n'({inii*nt for
Minii'linii' in Itidin; hiil, rtituniinf^to Kn((.
liind, h<' t-nliTcd un UlO Miidv of i\w law,
which Im' Hi'di uHi, though his

artivn initid wriU* for the

Imjirm "f 1 ' cnnmleU'd

111 Wvy\ Ht \ to I hit Imr

•t liiiu'oln KOH. Me

thm re*vM d the bar

ftt Fort 8t m bccamo

dlitliigubbi 1 uid un«

»z iitf uinc» ir 21* li

— > ic .'Auaiinrn. VpBii ^^
ir -li» M»

.^id.

Iri. ti 3uia.

itrit:" iirnc anr* dene jnun i/ Mr ib|M
-nrruxie u mira^ if atmrr^. lai cuhdv
lurwi ar2^t7 ti jiuir 1/ ae jps^or 'atfi-
-iinnaL -KT iif •Kdirsauts oa^'vaJeis • kv
inr. .f -sd imiib sir Iw «r«cc»a and cb-
xijivmMtic >r ?ir-i» Oftlts:!*. aev Brt ■
->Tr>ac :i ups -i;r *3e vaiuw^ ind dMg^

17. JU Xffnnam H:uKe. aesr Sofli-
imcctiii. x>n±ti Ti. =!« R««. Eiafe Kwik

— .V: )&?cr..;if.OnB(i. anr Eider.
lift;*! jfi. Capri:.! Gilbert Wakeficid. btt
o^ d^n F .(^c He i«fv«d tiifoiwti a great
^or. :t the Pec.3-i:[ar war, ana m pre-
•ect in e'-'rr^ acCT-c in wtuch hs itfiuitat
xft^ ecjajed. :rcm the ciegv of BiBgvw to
\hA urtle cf T<:ii:<3U9«.

19. At My lor. a^ 85, Mr. J, Ptew.
H« ^-li :be Ia«t Mirvivor of the gallant
crew of the AmitLpt packet, of whidi be
wai boatawain. when in 1799 tbey took
the French schocaer privateer Aimimmtm.
Ail the sufierior officer* being killed, he
toolc the command, and penotiaUj laihed
the schooner's ¥ard-arm to the rigging
of tiie paci^et, (Curing which he hadthme
shots through his hat, but without injorj
to himself.

21. Aged 66, Francetco the Fourth.
Archduke of Austria, Prince Roval of
Hungary and of Bohemia, Duie of
Modena, Re^o, Mirandola, Alaasa, and
Carrara. He was the eldest son of the
Archduke Ferdinand, Duke of Modena
and Bris^rau, who died in 1806, by Maria
Kicarda Beatrice, Duchess of Massa, and
Princess of Carrara, and was bom October
6, 1779. He was restored to the Duchy
of Modena, on the dissolution of the King-
dom of Italy, by the treaties of 1814 and
1815; and on the death of hii mother,

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS.— Feb.

Nov. 14^ 18'29, Lhc duchies of Massa and bishj

)11k

>

Carrara were united la ModtHa. He
iniirrkd, June 2L>, 1812, Maria Beatrice
ViUoria Giuiieppiim, daughter of Yittorio
Emauocllet King of Surdinia, and sifter
of the Emprtiss of Austriu, and is suc-
ceeded hy his eldest soiu the Duke Fraii-
ce&eo*Perdtnando*GGmiiiia[io, bom June

— At Leamingtout aged 53, the Rev.
Leopold Era^mua Drydeii, Rector of
'Whitno.sK* Warwickshire, elder son of
Sir Jolin Turner Dryden, of Canons*
Ashby, Nofthaaiplonhhirc,

— At Bath, aj^ed 82. Charlutte,
daughter of the laie Sir William Gordon,
Bart,, nnd reliet of Lieutenant- General
\V. IL Cn.merofU

2-2 Ai Baih» %ged 60, Frances, relict
of John Bhijijfavei eM|.| of Calcot Park,
Berks, »Slm waa the t'hlc>t daughter and
co-heir of /Uithouy Hlngrave, esq.} of
Soutlieot.

24, At Bays^ater Villa, Bavs water, in
hi* 70lh year* Kkhatil Latliam,esq.,F.L.S,
ft life goveroor of Christ's and St* Bar-
tholomew^s Hos|jital*, &e, &c., and for
upwardft of a quarter of a century acting
partner in the eminent brewery of Sir
Hituy Mtuic and Co.

FEBRUAttV.

'^^QH ^^' ^*^^^ William Mai^ter,
_ r wBeverley, ami formerly of Wood
Hdlh Eait Riding, Reipstrar of Dtfeds far
that tlivi*iun of the county, »nd a Deputy-
Lieutenant.

— At Buxted panonage, Susdex, aged
7L the Rtjv. Chriatopher W^ordsworth,
))J)., Rect^ir of Ruxted-witli- L^ekficld,
fuid late Miiater of Trinity CoJI*?ge, Cam-
hridj^^ Dr. W'otd^iworlh was born at
CocLennouth, tn Cumberland, in the
year 1774, and wa§ a younger brother of
iho present Poet Laureate. He received
hi?( early edueation at I la wk&Iiead grammar
»chrioli, and became a memljer ot 'IVinity
College, Cambriitge* and took -liis di^Ktce
•6 Tenth Wnuigler, in lim. In 1798,
he alio obtained the »eeond Member*"
Pri*e for tk*niur Bacheiars. In 1802,
h*? l^came DuiueHtic CJiaplain to Dr,

<iition, Bishop of Norwich, and
ly Arehbisbop of Canterbur-y,
...w. .,, .. U4, was etdiated to the living of
Uby, Norfolk, whence, in about two years
he Mra* promoted to the dean« fy of Bock-
ing. In 181 1 he took an adive part in
the foundMion of Ibe National i»ocietv.
In 1816 bo was colkted by the Arch*

rectories of St, Mary'g, Lam-
beih, and Sunbridge, Kent; and ioon
aften^ardj he was appointed Chaplain of
the House of Commons, In the year 1820,
he eichangcil the livings of Lainb«tli and
Snnb ridge for Buxted» alio in the gilt of
the AriLhbiibop ; and in the ^me year was

f>roinotedtoihe Mastership of Tri nit v Cob
ege, Cambridge, in the room r>f ^isbup
Manse l. He aiscbargcd the duties of this
afiice during a period of twenty- one years,
during which time many great improve-
ments were elTecied in t)ie dist^iphne and
education of the students, in the manage,
ment of the College funds^ and in the
spiritual condition of the pari^hoj^i con-
nccted with the College : the buildings of
liie Foundation aliio received ftcveral
mai^iiiicent additions and re*toratio[j«.
Dr, Wuid«worth resigned the MasterKbip
of Trinity CulIeifC in 1840; in bi-i letter
taking bi« farewell, he presented tho
college with bis portrait, and a donation
of 500/. to bo added to the fund of the
society for tlie auq:mentation of its poorer
vicaragei. He re(ired to the parish of
Buxtfid, where he exerted himself with
success in ihe building and endowment of
one new church, and in the rebuilditig of
another.

3. At Southwell, aged 77, Edward
.Sneyd Clay, esii,, Rear- Admiral of the
Red. Ho had been nearly aixty-three
years in the service, biiving entered the
Navy in 178^. He was Litutenant <»f
the Vtnentbk at the victory obtained by
Lord Duncan over the Dutch Iket oJT
CamfKirdowii, in 17U7, when be wo*
severely wounded, and for which he ris
ceived a pension of ilWL At tba otpe-
dition to the Hchler he wits .iIho actively
employed ;. and in I8UI he comitianded
(he Zebra bomb-vessel, at the defeat of
l^he Danish fleet al CopenbaEfen.

— At Desaau^in her 72d year, her
Highncid Anielia Christina, dowager
Duchess of AnhaJt Desaau, She was a
fbu^fbter of the late Loui*, Liindgravc
Hes>e Homburg, and in 1792 married the
hercdilarv Prince Frederick of An halt
Dcjsau (who died May 27, 1814), by
whom jihe had i^sue, the reigning Duke
of Anhalt De^&au. and other children,

4, At Rockliffe, near Lyroington,
Hampi^hire, alter some months' severe ilU
ncsA, aged Gl, Sir J;imej Rivett Camac,
of Derby, Bart. He was the son of
Jamcii Kiveil, esq., of the Eusl India
Comf>any'i civil service, who, in 1801,
cusumed the name of Carnae, bvn daugh-
ter of Jamcf Fbheri esq. i of Vartnouth.

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thr NrtnhwT I>vvion
flhir«. ft IVputi I.T.itcB
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diAinpiishod traveller
\irtiioM> and antiquary
179^ ibe onk con

\L REGISTER, 1816.

DEATHS— Feb.

c T^ Main» Kniffht. esq., of Lan:^iJ. barr*^iE?'-K^s>

by Seiina. dau^nter of Wiiliam F^;*-

berr. esq. of Ti«rincu>a in Derryjcr-

Mr. Hetirr Gailj Knigiii «OLTee«: '

rhe <9ra:e« of the familV on hit sssr

■ieatn .R 1 141)8. la the %«mr? l«i<' zi:

I'^l 1 se Tareiled in Spain. Sicaiy. •}*??■-

re*- H'',ij Land, and Eaypc : loa ae :b

•^rrm'/T*.-* made in this ti»ur ww? »

"asp.t»-i [n 1*14 he pubii^iii^i i ^v:

eiicrie'i Euro{>a Redivira. and .n :&e ^

y-rr.j T#Mra I'liiau of P-jeoL*. b >:'

2* Tive t^o other poeoBS fo nk? w.--

±i» '■■r.e er.Dtied - Phroarne. a 'Jma

ai«?. ' and :r,e orher - .\Ia&iitar. an \.iz£

ra>.'* which ijave an openin^r #.r s -sr

^.-im -i-f Lcrl Byron's. Hi^ ia^ trt"^

t:- ''r.K zc.^l^^^ri vu - Hannibal ic BiajZji.

a :ri.3aric p>eni- in 1889. la LriS ^

r^-i^-heri a painf«hlec on tiw :befi iJ-f:*

j-i^-L-'j subjeif. tije Cx^*lolic ooesc-;*

Mr. Gi.ly Kn.'^bc r.ow dev^jCi-ti bi^ .e>J'

i> :r.^ .::%tr^X>tit*c ttf aruhireiturai iiisr-r

•: :•: v.-r an i abn.-ii. Stanied di tsi

r. r^ in: i_ : rar.T iue? as-'ribe^i ^\ the N^rnuB SC-otir

r:- ■■i- -■ -: ■:' A-.:.^_ar!« to i.vrta.!i cfecrr^faef te =s

■• >^- ^- : :.-=-i -tyi^. he landed ar Dieppe in >U7

=_?*■ V! T'. T-r I'^Vi. eix3iir.ed the buifdn^* and ■>

~. ■ i--=-5 .'.^'cr-*, :r.r:asrhoa: tl}e couutry. a&i ■

'«-.*"'-":-: 1-? r^^-m p^b l^t'd ■• An A.i-"c:-e«r-ra

-.- - r - :j. T -.- ;-.: N rmm ^y. * which cMX'ica.re.i

L- ----- J : .--- ;.-i :£..* a-*.: rtii^rij of the h'rvicn ml

- r-- . : : :_i"r*. I^J.^;n■^ rhu* nevie«eJ :zm

• '■•--? » -»• ■'• *hi N rnLiiw irj thr««^ m.-* 7"jr.

' -T'^ -■ -.- --.-.?. :.- wa* iir>irotii of c»mpir^'22 ":>

. ". - - 1.-1 >-rsTy •■ :_. ^iviriji-'me 3'.v.'*«:ri "r tae:;

I ''^ - J p-rrv -n* :r ifie thir: sceije «i:* ij-..- v-^-iv

>*, . :■ : 'r- ;-■-<»=.; i:-nii::ion. Sii?iiy :~ arJ atv-.-r;.

: : • T - ; - j.y -'i--? : f.-^r Medina in Auju*-. lN*i

- - ^r-. ^-- — J"^*^ rubli-he-J a *— {'jjI ro The

- '.H"^. *. 1- 1 ■-". -•■ ''•=■' trv tirlv '.f •• TY.t N >-3ul-
1 :-* --.*- :' ::. S : ".;■ ." Tr.i- i* f ivf^vi with a:-. :.i-
-■ V:-k : :.:i. r. .'.': v li rh-.* vvct::^ w:i.ch 'n:^l :•
■-. r r. . i_--:-: t.-.f •>'.»^!i-h.LtP.t ^.f t:^* \..,::un- in ia«

- :-. :<-.- '^-..•'•. .f K.:r j-. Hi- '^.'.t.l la>:. a.'.-j
b. ■»? ■•* -Tk ' -.-ilitd •• E vle>:4>l:M; Ar.,!)-
tr-.!'.i.e .. : Ira y. fn.':ii the iirije i.: C. r-
s'aii: ::e T*^. th-: ti:!rvr.:h oriTury : " *; m-
ai jiv iilu?lra!t*J *iv Mr. Owe:i Jo:.e«, iij

in Tw.i i..-.u;ut* i:nj>-.nJ f«jlii». Mr. Kiiiehl

tt wa» a rnvmU-r rittho C-i:niiii»ioii f-r tht?

ari\ai;epnit-i:t i>f titi* Flnt* Art&. and «a« a

I ftin*tan! .i>t- ii iant at tho •nniie'*4ry

I meftiiiL'^ of -i-%eral of ihi* metrop-ctaii

r «ocietii.> coniiirted with 1 reraliire ai>i art.

jyiinc time betwocn the ^lor* \f^24 and

18-iH -Mr. Khieht wa* elected M. P. !.»r

Aldborough. under the au>}iio^^ or* t\tc

Duke of Newcastle : but, diiferrintr in

opinion with hie gnuv on the rlainii oi

the Catholics to unconditional einancipa-

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

241

DEATHS._Feb.

on, he was induced to tender his rcsigua*
*ticni» and accepted the Chihern Hundreds.
In 1830 he was elected for the boroufTh of
Maltorij. in the interest of Earl Fit/wil-
linm ; and in 1BJ35 Mr. Knight was elect-
ed fur North Noninphamshire, in the
rcmm i>f Lord Lumley, who had been
eat led to the House of Peers by the death
of bis father, the Karl of Scarboroyijh.
Afc ibe general election in 18?}7, Mr,
Kni^t nfimn ofTered himself for that
division of the county in conjnoclion with
Thomas Holdsuorth^ esq., and suoceedetl
after a severe content, and continued to
hold lii» seat undisturbed until hi.^ death.
In rur1ian>eut Mr« Knight was a fluent
iKuugh not a very frequent speaker, in
private life a more estiinabic niau never
eziftted, for in all the m^cial relationji be
greatly excelled. Mr* Gatly Knijy^ht mar-
ried, in I828p Henrietta, third dau^iliter of
Anthony Hardolph Eyre, esq* of Grove,
Notliof(hatn2»hirc, but Und no issuc»

9. Aged tilt Mr. Robert Anuour. of
Brighton, formerly of Crown Cimrt, Old
Ch.inge, Irist surviving brother of Jean
Armour, the wife of Hobert Burn**

10- William Balfour, eaq-, a retired
i^aotain 11. N. Thisi gentleman was a
lixi-sbipman of the IrretUiiblet 74, Cap!,
^afterwards Sir George) Marti Ut and wtis
Rroundcd in the battle oft' Ca|Hi St. Vin-
ent. Feb. 14, 1797* He obtained hii
•St commission iu 1801, and received
nother wound whlUt serving ax Licuten-
Dt of tbc Ckopaira frig;i!e, cjunnunded
by isir Robert Laurie^ in her dcs|H;rate
iction with la VUtc de Mtlan^, a French
atiunal *hip of verv superior fdjrce, Feb.
1 1 6, 1H(>5. The Cleopatra was taken ;
ut the Viile de Milan was so severely
rijijded, ihal she fell an easy victim to
|l»e Lfander, 50, six days after* Lieut.
Bit I four was promoted lo the rank of
IJommander* Jun. 22, 1806. He was
ubifiequcntly appointed lo ihe Coc fia-
nce :n}d IVoijdlarfi stoops. He relircd
nitb tbe rank of Ca|>tain. September 1 1),

11, At Cowley » near Fxbridge, aged
171, the Rev. Henry Campbell. By the
_ rill of Mr* Campl>ell, the following
'chaririej will, yf>on the demise of his wi-
dow, become entitled to an equal paiiici-
jintion of the sum of I5,00*>/*, viz. : —
the Honpical for Ccmsumptiou and Dis-
eases of the Che^t, the Churth Mission*
ary Society* ll>e British and Foreign Bible
Society, ihe Society fur ibe Conversion
of ihc Jew». the London Missionary So-
ciety* the Religious Tract Society, and

Vol* LXXXVllL

the Society for the Supprea&iott of Cruylty
to AnimaU.

12. At Laverstole House, Hampshire,
aged 9ij Wiliiam Portal, esq., *\l. A*

— In Thayer-street, Oxford-street, in
hi 9. 50th year, Sir George William Lefevre,
Knt„ late Physician to the British Em-
basy at St. Peten^burg, He was author of
the *' Life of a Travelling Physician," and
of several raedit-al ireati.sea. The eceeii-
tricily which had marked this gentleman *s
career terminated in insanity, and he
destroyed liimself, wheti in a state of great
deprea^ion, by taking prussic acid*

13. Suddenly, at Tyers-t err. V'ttuxhall,
Mr. George Samouelle, the well-knoxm
eutumologiijt, for many veara of the British
Museum* He was tfie author of the
** Entomologist's Useful Compendium,"
** Directions for Preserving Exotic In-
sects," ** Manual of Entomoiogv," ficc*

— At bis chambers, in E^ises -court.
Temple, Thomits George Waller, esq.

— At the College, Sali?»bury, aged 74,
Jofm Campbell Wyndiiam, e*q*T of thai
piace and of Dunoon, Scotland. He wif
bum Octi>ber 30, 1771, the son and hdr
of Colonel John Campbell, e*q^ of Dit-
nuon, and of Blunham House, Bedford-
shire, Governor of Chelsea Ho^jiital, by
Su^^nuo, daughter and coheir of John
Lewis, esq. Hi? early life was passed in
the armyt from which he r*itired when be
bad obtained the rank of LteuJenaiit-
Colonel. He married Sept. 28, 1797,
Cnroline-FmncG*, daughter of Henry
Penmddocke Wvndham, esq , M. P. for
Wiltsliire ; and un the death of his brother-
in-law, the late Wadiiam Wyndhara, Cfq.,
M. P. for S;ilt«bury, he aj^sumrd, together
with his lady, the additional name and
amis of Wyodbam after CampbclU by
royal ^ign-manual dated April 3, 1844,

15. At his scat, Cockciihatch, near
Royslon, Hcrtfords^hirc, General Sir Wil-
liam H'-ury Cbnton, (}.C. B. Colonel of
the 65lh Foot, Lieutenant- Gov era or of
Chelsea Ht>pital, Member of the Board
of General Oftieers, and Commissioner of
the Ro}al Militaiy CoMege and Ro^al
Military Asylum. Sir William Heitry
Clinton wa* descended frtim the j^ixth
Eari of Lincoln, and was Ihe elder >.on of
Lieutenant- General Sir Heiuy Clinton,
K.Ei. who wan commander- iii*chtef In
America, by Hurriet, daughter of Thomas
Carter, esq., and was the elder brother of
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton,
aC.B., Colonel of the 3rd VooU who
died in 1829* Sir William entered the
army in 1784, as a Comet in the 7th Light

k.

242 A N N

i-s. '--V?- " • ».«-:

X -- JbT^. k

V - :• . :

\ .-». •■ vr'-ii; »■ »fr> ^
-• ~fi:^' '. ;.r.: i.— ■ i

UAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATH3._Fu.

Hannff appUed to be emplwed obsrv

wn-je. he wai xnt to Sc2t b I?ii

*-^ OM aiTxral in that comirT. m a

appomted to the command of die Ibo

di« ncr. where he remained untfl tt a

"^t September I8I-2. when hew rts

ti*e rhe comnoaod of the allied mro

F'ojed on tiie coast of SauLCoua

<?r at,. -ut liOi.iu men. Briruhttd iomd

•--^n at and near AiicanL In Bs»

niMd he remained until the anrai ^

3Iajor-GeneraI J. Campbell win i »

aifcrwmenr of British and Sidliu nm

in December, fa March 1814 Sria

-larriT havinsr arrived at .\licnL K

a* Mn:or oiKccr. harioff taken the m

^'^ of the allied ahnv. lj,mm

• .eneraJ Cucton ^who had no« «i;»
^a* orevet rank in Spain) vna arcrav

• -^^ «L-«t oi vision of that armT.«fti«»
jnan^ie,! cq the rijrfit mJ the pPiaiioo »

»>ui.ia, irnea Marshal Sucfaet mMse t

*n;*- S^- '-« I Ah of April. Ai tae ai

I Maj ne embarked wiii hi* dirisotf ■

^e expeainoo adrain^ Tarragona. aJ«

.^- . -tvai from that place on the l^d

J.-t r.e cmmanded the last trdw to-

:^y ' ? JP *?* *»^*»- « fee did aitt «

rcbu^atioo of the troops frrai ibe

-e tfcta^er. on the J8rh of Junt

. --aarxed »irh

- TZ^re le sersed

: i: :=< isa.-iie .jf
:-rc-?«w ira«:k at
: La==-: x iTSe.

- ■_ fcii-r.* *. :ise
-.1^2. 1^1 ±iid
r r c;:ri5. :^ J-ise
ir -e sarsreaed :.)
j% :' l.(fu:eTLuu.
~ .-»■ -\:3riau In

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»-.:? .•=«-.■ sf :r.->...'» lUi ■--
rU" MM .-. ir :;.•.' nr-
Kf .-*».'v -f.-. :!'«■ b:r*et
GrtufTi*. \: :hr pO
tumo.i r.* » ''■i. -And,
duiiiH .-.f fix* S-. ..;.Jfon

at iho cl.TKC -■*«■ -'•»« .v«

S^HvtarytoliKJi
Chief; M*^ ** ^'^^^ •

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ft

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.. ''.*"1. '^"^^^■f havinj? been cbtiied

• - - to 2>i-.il^. Lieuienant-Gifneni

^ : ■^'' ' ''^. aoreasHjmed tbecofflaaad

V -"-* K."^^ '^'^y *^n «*w east covt of

i ^ *;. '. *- -~"-^ *'■''? autumn and winter of

-J: :-^ ■-^-'-■■F-^ration with the Cataiosan

..y, .^.c ^f r: :he ibrco of Ma«hd »

^-!'^ "j: *^^-?^'*^- and prevcmwl hiraeiibfr

j: 'piV-^' V^'^f blockaded fortre*«*oe

ir^ :" ■ *"■ " :"^ \*^^ncia. or from det«*.

^.j.^,.n ,nf.^cce, Earlv iH-ebn,.

C ;tll n^ r^ sqi:adn,„ o„ the ca«t of
■(1m< hv ik« .1 '","* "cnilT were bioct

of Spain. wfciohTS-^"" '»«;»• '^^
agitation, was carried im^ «^i"T? "

••on the Kmoet gf thi, officer «,d th^

APPENDIX

DEATHS.^

Ibfoe iinclcr his comraand wer«?
|*rlv noticed bj the Duke cjf Wel-

in tiia last de$patcli from Toylouse.
lUam commanded the sntalJ force
Portupai in 1828* and subsequently
!!«ip^>oiiitnient of Sur\'pyor-Gcn<*ral
Ordnance, On the ^'>lh uf April
(e was B|>pointfd to the Cohnelry
55th Ret(ifnfnt ; in January 1813,
ht Grand Crosis of the Bath \ and
th of April 1842, Lieutenant-
or of Chelsea. Hospital. In 18-26
lliam was rchimed to |arliament
»ent«tive for the borough of New-

which plaee \w contioned to sit
U9. Sir William Cliiiton married,
14th» 17^, Lady Louisa Dorothea
dt second ilaugh'ter of John Baker,
d of Sheffield, and by that lady,
rvtves him, he had issue two sons
r daughiers.

At Finfray House, Aberdeeofhire^
10, Sir John Forbes, the «ixth
t, of Cnifgievar/in the wimc county.

born Jyly 2, 1785^ the eldest Ron
William, the fifth Bartjntt, hy the
teraJi Sempill* eldest dautrhfer of
ISSth Lord Sempill. fn 1S04 he

the cifil service of the Hon, East
r^ompany, and he eventually at-
I hif^ti judicial appointment in the

Presidency. After a residence t»f
;wefity years in India, he returned
itfve country, Imviop succeeded to
ily title* and estates on the death
rothcr, (he late Sir Arthur Forbes.
A marrieil. September L5, 18*25, the
Jharlotte Eliznbcth Forbes, tbird
IT of James Ochoncar, 17lh Lord

and by that lady had bauc two
E five daughters.

Ift board her Majesty's nhip Herdd,
Pacific, aged ^ Mr. Edinonstone,
I to the expedition. A loaded rillc
rcidcntally touched by one of the

went oil' and the bullet passed
\ bis head, killing him instantly.
U Cheam, the Rev. Charles Mayo,

, formerly Fellow of St. John's
(f Oxford- Dr. Mayo gpent some
\ the establishment of Pe^taloxxi,
eerland, with I he view of acquiring
•t knowled)^*^ of the system of edu-
Otroduced by that eminent philan-
, and on his return to Eiii;Iand
a ftimikr e«tablUbment which Ite
led for many years with j[jreat sue-

hi Ford Abbey, Devonshire, aged
\n Fraunceia Hwyn, esq. Mr,
ras the representative of the very

ancient Devotishire femity of Frsunoett,
being t ho son and heir of John Frauneeis,
esq., of Combe Florcy, Somereetihire,
who a^$umed, in 1780^ tliMe additional snr*
name of Gwyn, having? suceeeflrd to the
estates of Ford Abbey, and of Llanaannwr,
Glamorjfan^hire, on the death of his kins-
man, Francis Gwyn, esq., and died in
1789. His mother was Jane, daughter
of Edwartl To well, e¥\^ of Stogumber-
Mr, Gvryn was twice married, but, having j
no issue by eitbcr union, Kts ancient fkmily I
Lvecomes extinct, and bif fine estates pii
into the hands of strangen*

MARCH.

2. At Feroscepore, India, Mnjor-Genfr-
ral Sir James R. Lumlev, Colonel of the
ftth Regiment of Ben]E[a( Native Infantry,
and Adjutant-general of the army. Sir
J, li. Lumley was the senior olBcer jti
the Bengal army in actual employ, having
commanded his regiment at the first siege
of Bburtpore upwards of forty years ago ;
and bod jtist completed bii fif\y year;; in
India at the (ime of hi^ death. ' Majur^
General Lumley was nt the capture of the
Iste of France ; in the fifst, second, and
third campaigns in Nepaul, in I he years
1814, 1815, and 18HJ; and in 1817 and
181H lu? served in the grand army ^vitb
Lord Hii*tintf<. He was also at Maha-
rajpore and Gwalior.

— At Bariniyf Crescent, E?ieter, aped
78, Danrel A*her Alexander, esq., for-
merly of London, an architect of consider-
able eminence. Mr. Alexander's principal
public work* were^ — the building* in the
London Docks, until 1831 ; the Prison
of War at Dartmoor ; the County Prison
at Maidstone (not the Courts); the
Royal Naval Asylum at Greenwich ; the
Lighthouses of Heli|r>laTid, Holyhead,
Harwich, Luody, Faroe Islands, and
others; the Moat, near Maidstone j and
mnny irB port ant ameliorations of the old ]
Ferraro-liko castellaied mansion, Long-^
fofd Castle, Wilts. ; and additions to
Beddiniyton House, Sdrrey, and Combe*
bank, Kent. Amon;; his earlietst works
was the widening of Rochester Bridgo,
and forminjj the two centre arches into
one, to give increased waterway and
facilities to the navigation — a work of
frrcat difficulty, and the succc**ful accom- [
p!i§hment of which tended very much to
establish his reputation.

4. In Wardrobe pi ace, Doctors' Cowi-
mons, London, aged 67, Hutrh Murrav,
caq., F.R.S, Ed., and F.ILG.S. Tlie

Mm4 bi m^ tail, w

>ENDIX TO CHRONIC

DEATHS.
hiTtngbroke and rbe Dowager Coiinre«s
f Rail nor. She was married in 1810 to
Mtflhuen, who was created a peer in

24

At Revel, ageil 58, the celebraled
pi^tor Olto tic Kotzebiie, wni of the
* 'c writer. He had been three
DUnd the world, making ^neral
htit dbcoveries ; but in 18:39 retired
Itcrviee, und lived in his familj^ circle
Rt in Estbonia.

Al Konig^-bcrjT, in hi* G2nd year,

' wdrich Wiliiehn Be^s^I. Pm feasor

__bnomy in thai university, a ftirei|rn

nberof the Rmal Socielj of London.

Few individnak have contrihuted

chi to the advanremerjt of the

of aitronomy* during the present

ary.aBthia djstin|^if;hed nnd excellent

His lime waw devoted unceasingly

' nyestigalion of the heaven<v ; and,

i number and accuracy of

ttions, he laid do^vn the exact

tion of tens of thousands of *=tars, for

rliii'h he receive d» in the year 1829, the

oUi medal of the Royal Astronomical

eicty of London. Having obtained

rumentiit of verj' great poiver and

Bnuracy, he directed his attention lo

erriiigf with extreme care, the re-

rkable jilar, 61 Cygiri, to endeavour, if

i»lble, to ascertain the least apparent

vrallax ; and, afler a patient ana con-

tlued series of ob^rvations, from the

' of 1837 to the sprinpr of 1840, the

|of bif^ labours wac, crowned vvidi so

^iucce&A, that another pokl meibl

1 to hitn by the Kiiyal Astro-

l Biictety of London. From these

orift, it appears that the dislencc

tht» star from ihe earth h nearly six

undned and seventy thousand (tines that

!the nm,

la At Teddingtoji, apod 70, Valen-
Collard, «ck, Resir- Admiral of the
Jlue. He was Lieutenant of the Bri^
lid in the action off St. Vincent, 1 797,
tid for hL» services Ha» promoted in the
nrtng monlh lo the rank of Com-
coTnmanded the Vtshtl^ at the
on of Genoa, in the expedition to
6iy|jt ; ftnd, nubsequentty, the RaiUewr^
a vrrv ffalbnt attack on the Boidopic
otiiU in laOO.

At Oriifhton, in hit SOth year,
IV^Ilieim Skipti-ey, esq « Hear-Adniiral of
be Itt'fi He was in Keppel's action in 1779*
|iid iiiaile a Licufenant on the 7th April
Unit year ; and wai wounded in the acEinn
" Dogpr Dank in 178L He received
Turkiib gold medal for bii memoes

—March.

at commander of the Trmiat^ant Aloop,.

during the Egjptian campai^ in 180L

19. At Lyon House, Wolverhampton,
aifcd 40, John Snmo, c^q. , one of her
Majesty** Commissioners under the [readies
xvith Foreign Powers for the supprosion \
of I he tJlave Trade, Mr. Samo was fur
nearly seven years King's Advocate at
Sierra Leane» dnring^ which period a
frightful number of Goveniors were tuc-
cefisively consigned to the prave. and in
1834 was appointed Comniijisary Judge
to the Court of Mixed Commission at
Surinam: from thence, in 1841, Mr.Samo
was removed to Rio de Janeiro as Chief ^
Commissioner. The vexatious onpositioQ
of the Bratilian Government, actmg upnn
a ^tate of heatih already seriously im>
paired by a continuous service of fourteen
years in the baneful climates of Sierra
Leone and Suiinain, proved too much
for even his t^trong constitution, and he
returned to England at the end of De-
cember loit on leave of absence ; but too
late.

22. At hi* residence, Georpre's-tcrrace,
near Hyde Park comer, aged 69, Mr, John I
List on, comedian. Mr. [Jston was bom
in \\w parihh of St. Anne% Soho, in the
year 1776, I he Min of a watchmaker, and
in the enrly period of bis lifc filled the
irkAOiTie and uttprolitable t^ituation of
teacher at a day-school in Castle.itreet,
Leicei^ter-PCjunrc. W'bile there, be be-
came infected vvilh the theatrical mania.
However, hi* peculiar line, as he con-
ceived— and, indeed, aa Bannister, Faw-
cett, Malhcwii, and many olhera Uiongh
of thern^sehca — waa tragedy. Charlet^
Maihewii and Listen, tvhen they were yet
young in their teens, ofien exbibitetl pri-
vately; the scene of their earliest histrionic
elTorls lieingasmnll theatre in the Strand,
then in the occupation of a Mr. 8colL
Subsequently they both adoptod the i
fe^^ion OA a matter of hue^iness, loreljf^
against the wishes of their respective pa-
rents, and joined a country company.
After encountering many difficulties, and
viewing lile in tnany of its grotesque |
4b,ipi'.s List on waw at Icnglh engaged al
the Dublin theatre, where he continurd
some time, with the reputation of a UM^ful,
though not a brilliant, t raged bu. It is
said that he first acquired distinguiNhed
notice hy playing Kundy to M undents
Jemmy Jnmt>s, at a provincial theatre,
and Rtxni alier had the gomi fortune to
attract the attention of St*?pben Kemble,
then manager at Newca«»ile-upon-T}nc,
by whom he was engaged, and quickly

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APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 247

DEATHS-^Maiilh,
kncer, and a fool soldier, he liad issue* his eldest sou being the pre-
sent member for Nottingham.

the emign.

Ewart, hflving got possegRion of the stan-
dard, rode on, with the view of fullowinKf
hit comrade*! who had jjone forward in
J he charge. He was, however, iramedi-
iitely ftoppod by General Ponsotd)y, who
e^Ned tr* nim^-** You brave telloH\ take
that to the rear; yon have done enough
until yon ^et quit of it/' He was lhu«
reluctantly compiilled to relire. The gal-
UDt condiiet of Ewart waa greatly tip-
pluuded, abroad as well as at home; ond
short ty after his return he was promoted
to an ensigncy in the 5;h Uoyul Veterans,
and had a retiring ptnisioni of 5s. Uid. \^r
diay. Nor ^XM this pliant aet without it.n
reflected honour on the reo;injen! — the
Scots Greys, in reference to Waterloo,
have an eagle on their ttandard.

— At Malta, in her 37th year, Lady
Charlotte, wife of Christopher Rice Man-
Bel -Talbot, ei/],, M.P.for fjlanK)nTaiv>htre,
attd »i9ter to the Earl of Glenp^ll and the
Marchioness of DonejoiiilL

tJ4. At the Reetor^'-houscj Lea, near
GainAborough, in his 7Bih year, the Kev.
8ir Charles John Anderson, the tiphlh
Baronet of Bmuirhton^ LinenVnahire,
( l(MK)), Rector of Lea, Vicar of Scawby,
an^ a Prt^bendary of Lincoln. He was
bora Oct. 5, 17ti7, the third and young-
est fon of Sir William, the sixth Baronet,
by Annet daughter of John Maddison,
esq,, of Htrpfiwell, Linciilnshire. He was
educated at the Uuiver*itv of Oxford ;
and succeeded to I he Baronetcy on the
death of his frither >larrh 9+ 17Hd, his
two elder brothers havlngf died without
iasue. He married. Dee. 15, I8t>2. Fran-
ee^MMjf younger daughter of Sir John
Nel thorite, Bart* and had i^ne.

— At YoxaU Lodge, Stafford i^h ire,
affed 87, the Rev. Thomas (Jisbomc,
M.A. Prebendary of Durham. Mr,
Gi*borne was born at Derby, October lil,
1758, and was the eldest son of Johri
Oiibome^ eso,, of that to wo, by Anne,
daughter of William Baleman, esq., and
was a member of St. John"* Colicfe,
Cambridge, where he ^ined the honours
of lixth wranj;»ler and fteinor Chaneellor'n
medallist* In llVS he wan preBt^nted by
the Rev. Dr. Proby* Dean of Lichrleld,
to the perneinal curacy of Bartrm^under*
Needwood^ StafTordshire ; and to a pre-
bendat Atall at DurhEun in 18'26. Mr.
Gisborne waft greatly distintruished as an
author, and hi» work« were ver^' nimierou»,
Mr. Gisbome married, in 1784, Mary,
danc'bter of Thomai Babin^toa, e^q., of
Rothley Temple, Leicestenbire, by whom

— At Venice, in bis 70lh year,
Lieutenant- Colonel Sir Thomas Sorell,
K. H., British Coo^iul-Gcneral for the
L o 01 bardo- Venetian states, Thb distin-
puished officer entered tlie army in 1795,
in the S4th regiment. Having* served at
the Cape» in India, and in the Red Sea,
he relumed to Europe on &ick lea\e, and
in 184)3 was placed on the Home ^ra^'as
Major of Brij^de. In 1805 hu joined
the expedition under General Baird
nffiiinst the Cape of Good Hope, as
Ai«»istartt Adjutant- Genera I, and was sent
fonvafd in a frigate on a §peciaj muaion
to 6U Helena. In 1807 he wa» protDOted
to a majodtyt and in 1806 fierved ti
Military Secretary and Aid-de-Camp to
Sir Da^Id Baird in Spain, and wa* pre-
sent al the battle of Corunna. In 1 81 4
he became Lieutenant- Colonel by brevet,
and in 1820 he went to tri;land, and
served as Military Secretary in that coun-
try under Sir David Baird and Sir Samuel
Achrouty; in 1827 he retired from the
ferviee, retaining hii^ rank as Lieutenant-
Colonel in the army. In 1830 Colonel
Sorell was appointed lo the Consular
service in Spio, from whence he waa or-
dered, at Ihe commencement of the civil
war in Portugal, lo Oporto, and was pre-
sent, rather a.^ a Political Agent than as
Confiul, during the whole of the blockade
aod sieg[e of that city. His conduct was
considered by Government a$ giving him
a claim to sfx^cial approbation, and he
wa.«i created a Knight of the Royal
Guelphic Order. In 1834 he wa* ap-
poiotedCousul-General for the Lombardo-
Venetian *latc« ; and hii departure from
Ooorto W9& accompanied by the grateful
adtnow1ed^eat& aod regrets of all the
British residents who presented him with
a very handsome silver vase. In 1838 iJie
Queen of Portugal created him a Kctight
Commander of the royal niiiilary order of
San Bento d'Avi». jii ly;l4> Sir Thomai*
Sorell wn.* instructed to aiove his resiidence
from Milan to Trieste, where he vttts sta-
tioned during the la^t ten yean^; and his
health, already much impaired by active
service m three quartern of the globe, wait
serioutly deieriofated by the rapid and
constant chaogei of temperature to which
that seaport is eubjeet, and finally sunk
under the effects of a long standing diseane.
His interment took place on the 27th, with
such military honours, rendered by the
Archduke I'^redcrick in pcrBon, and by
the Imperial statT^ as are mually paid to a

4

4

4

±v;t

i.1 LZGISTER, 1846.

I.'-

J :

V ^T

■•*-» n-
-. a:.. 3%i-
r na::r -r

l-Ui'

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.-■ -::--. -:•■ lIT-'mT ^T

. -:• ..- r.r. i ^ ji-»-» • h*

" -:'--■■- St'-; J* ?ir "5\ii:an

■ •■■--. rJ* . . a'»:*i:: r^lT.::
■^ -•- T.J. I- - ■! L'.iL :•?•:•

r: .: -.. ..T :.;»*!.■ .■ is.? J. 'Tl
::k 1». i.- r '; .. "i. r |, ..r:*.^:

>4. : -:

- I-

H - i;ei-: r : ;. y r" : : W r-
--^■., -^- -*. 1 774- ". •« -i . -^ ? :. i K r. of
•-^ r-< L- r- . :i r> •*:-••:. i »)>=■ asid
c-;. ^- t ji-Vir.4 t'»-%. iiujh:tT aid
r«.- f J.:n H-.-iz-citf.' «.f Fn-stwf-^J,
.S'.a5'.r :<•■'•■. e*<j . a* i wa* edut-a'cJ at
B.-^z^r. -« C ..iitu-e. Oxf nL Mr. Foley
V:ntd a* »lt«.ri*f f'-r Hen- ford »hirc in iKl.i.
Hir »«> « lec-tv 1 >i. P. for LudKeryhali in
]M-Jt;.l»i:)i) and \>cM: and for his native
i:i.uiiU at the fftner.d ele^-iion* of 1H:)'2,
1835,' and lK:i7. H« n tired from Par-
liament in IH4I. the enfw of
hit heahh rcnderinir him <
durintr the fati^cs atten
hon'Mirable |>ositi»n. Ml
Au»ru»t 16th, 18:i2. Lady
fourth daughter of Jamfss,
MoDtrow, who lurvivei

IbMlC.

APE XL

O-Dii^ierisMo i|E6d 7^
tw hsf^ m ati«T FicnrlMT. ^lor rf Dii-
Boi OIL LazfmKr. C^Bxieeikr oftbr db*
st!«» ir C-ariisif* aod a Pigbeadfy of
'*in. r>iimffiji TUTor 10 the prnoc
Irii^f if Keauifin. Sir Jbidc» Graha.
bar., nic &! txie Mm« cf ibe bce Sr
.mni^ *.->rBiiBm. rrf Ne^beriij. He hx-
r«-'.fft ATTJioewi-ir Pkk^ in'tbe viouiie
ir iRu-inr.. zr J7$<Sy as': be eolbtioo oi'
BhUKH "^ eninr.. iir«v Arc:hb»ix>p of Yoit.

— jx *>»-iaf!r:aind. Colorel Cinris
?--B'-i'j4 "W ai. C.B., of tbe fiecgal
ne- »r»..

:. V iiif P&iacY, Bel&at. aoed 6S.
l.:;r:Liif>*T^ iau]i (it ibe Riciit Kev. R.
Muxr. Ii I).. L:«rd Bubop of DomLaDd
'. ;inii p. kj: I>ri«D(ire.

— At At'inrsc.ii Abbej. Nanbamptoo-
s.n:t- Jsi»-£ •'7. J a^rph Loxdaic. «q.

_ .isr-.-z fcL Mr. John Le Keuz, the
f-m'Titii: :."ninePTur»l ensra^vr. Mr. Le
iLf^\ w:> a iu:oi f f Junes Buirr, tbe
jitziiZ f-!:..Ti'.'D: arrtiiierxural eniTTarer of
rna: db^i. wr.z. iracoi be mBuned w pupil
?-•* f l:: \ica7K uid imbibed a decided
:aic* i:^ ar: hrecTu.-al «ubjectft, especiaJij
si:h». ZT. 'be U^cnic M%le. Kefininir upM
Ttir r-acoer « hi?- ma^te-r, he formed for
*. r.jK t (•: e cc'cbiuiae both truthfulnes
a.- :: rsf e "f ie'ineaii-.tn in a deirree aimoA
u: 7».t- .'WJertt-d^-rtne eqiMJly removed from
c^ iT.rchs: i-.-ai and mere paiosia king cor*
r. itr.^-'^a- vn tre (.-nc hand, and from that
s.rr I'f *ree.:om whiih is more spirited
tKan K^r^jf-u '.ou» t^n the other. The iiriD-
ci|ial «orL« en iihi<4i Mr. Le Keuz.
eiericd hi< taKnt» are Britten's Architec-
tural Aniiquitie>, Cathedrals. &c. ; the
eioer Pucin*» Antiquities of NomiandT,
(ioihic Specimens. and Gothic Examples;
Neale'ft \Ve^tmin^ler Abbey; the ^Jemo-
rials of Oxford, and the similar work on
Cambridge. Almost all tbe architectural
i%ork.s of the day are enriclied by the {iro*
duciions of Mr. Le Keux*8 burin.

— At his scat, (i olden Fort, Wicklow,

agcil 84, General Stratford Saunders

He was the son of Morley Saundere, of

Saunders (>rove, t^., by Lady Martha

Stratford, third daughter of John, fint

Karl of Aldb(»roufrh. He entered tlw

jmv in Februnry 1778, having obtained

n kuHgiicv in the 64th regiment He

« ordortni to the West Indies with the

Ih n'gimont. where he continued two

tTK during which perimi the regiment

I ttftivoly employed against the ishindi

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS.

Df I>eTiicrara, Su Eustacm, and Sr. Vin-
'eenl. lo 1794 he proceeded to the
West Indies, where he remained wiTh I he
61st rejjinienf in the islands of Martinique
and St, Lucie nearly two years; during;
which lime he wa^^ pre^^nt in several en«
gagemctits with the etiemy, particul.irly
3jc»sc of the Vigie Gros hiet, Cm! de Sac,
and town of Carnapie. In 1798 he ob-
tained the brevet rank of Lieulenant-
Colonei, still remaining a* 2nd Maj^r in
the iilit ri'^lmt^nt ; and proceeded with it»
in thai capacity^ to the Cape of Good
Hope, Inhere he t^mmanded an ex|*edition
la^iMiat the rebellious Caffres. Soon after
' bis reliim from thai service* the t^fiment
embarked on a secret expedition ; and, on
their arrival at Mocho, it was found their
object was to dispoise^^ the French of (he
strong fitualbns they held on the coast of
Coromandel, and on the banks of the
Nile in Upper Ep>pt: for this purpose
tJiey joined the army from India, under
General Baird, at the rendcivoui at Cos-
«in*t and from llieiux' proceeded through
the desert* and down the Nile to Alexan-
dria, where they joined the army under
Lord ilutchinson. The regiment, afttr a
period of nearly two years' service in
Egypt, proceeded to Malta in 180^1;
vrhere the command of the rt^priment de-
volved on Liculcnant-Cobuel Saunders,
If ho received his Li eu tenant- Co ionelcy
the 7tli of March, IW,% in which he con-
tinued through the eumpiicii with Sir
Jamcj Craii? in Italy aod Sicily. In the
I latter islnnd he was left as junior ntlieer
[•while General Sir John Stuart uns in
Calabria, He was then appomted t<» the
I command of Scylla, on the straits between
I Calabria and Messina. The £5th of
I April, I^Ofl* he received the brevet of
.Colonel. Fi^in Seylla he aecumpanied
6 1 St lo Gib rattan ami in June 1809
eded to Portutral, and in a separate
Fimand juinidr by forced marches Lord
Wcllinjjton'j. army, five dais previously
' to the hat tie of Talavera, where he had
the honour of comioandtng the Obt regi-
tnent, which, by \m Lordshifrii onlem,
imrticuUrly mcnli«>nedfijritr gnllautry
FipB thai occBi^iim. Being s^oon after this
E memcirahle action attacked by a riteunnatie
L complaint, he otitained leave to return to
Xttsbon^ after which he bud the hiHUmr of
being appointed to Lord Wellinptoirs
platT, and from ihence proceeded to
Eiiglandt when the ruDk of Major-
.General was given (o him the 4tb of
; June, ISM.

a At Stourton, Wiltc» aged 38^ the

CHRONICLE.

249

— A FAIL,

Rev. Richard Peter Hoare, M. A. , Rector
of that parish,

5, In Henrietta -street, Cavendish-
Bquare« the Ihm. Lady Dallas, widow of
Sir George Daltas^ Bart

9. In GrosvtMi or- place, aged 93, the
Hon, Mary\ widnw of William Hale, esq.,
of King's Walden. She was the second
dayghter of James, «?coud Viscount Grim-
stone.

10. In Alfred- place, Bedford-square,
affed 80, .loscph Hawker, e*« , F.S. A,
Clarnnccnx Im^ of arms. He entered
the Heralds' College a<t Kougc Croix pur-
suivant 19 April, 1794, and was promoted
to the office of Richmond herald in 1803,
to that of Norroy king of arms in Julv,
1838, and ClarenceuJi, 4 Feb. 1839.

^ In Albcmarle-street, aged 77. Louis
Eiistachc Lde, the celebrated rhrf de
cvtjsine at Crockford's, anti author of a
popular < ookery-bfjok.

— At Ravens worth, Durham!, in the
prime of life* Mr. George Balmer* land-
scape pointer, enjoying considcnible pro-
^ iocial reputation.

11. At hi* residence, Meadfoot House,
Tort^uay, iti bis 60th year, Barron Field,
e«q., late Chief Justice of Gibraltar.
Mr, Field was called to the bar at the
loner Temple, June 2)3. 1S14 ; and was
formerly Advocate FiscaJ at Ceylon, after-
ward* Chief Justice* of New South Wales,
and linally Chief Justice of Gibraltar.

12. In Hanover-square, Lady Elizabeth
Macgrrgor, widow of Major- General Sir
Ev.Tin John Murray Macgregor, Bart,,
K.C.B. and K.CH., formerly Goveriior
and Com matider-in- Chief of the l^ee-
ward Inlands, mid younge>t daughter of
the late Jobfi, Duke of At boll. She waa
married iti 1808, and left a widow in
1H41,

14. At Carlisle, aged 77, Sir Simon
Heward. Knl,, Fellow of the Royal Col*
lege of Surgeons of England, and formerly
fenior member of the Medical Board at
Madras, He entered the .service of the
company as assistant^stirgeon in 179^;
waft promoted to the ratik of surgeon in
1803 ; appointed superintendent or head*
iurgeon in 1819, and a member of the
Medical Board in 1826 ; and retired from
the service June 17, 1831.

— At Fuucbal. Madeira, William Goul-
dtn^ e«q,, of Maidenhead, Berks,

— At Berlin, aged 60, her Royal
HighnesH Princess VVillinm of Prussia.
8be ivns the tifth daughter of the late
LaiidgraTc of Hesse Homburg. On the
12th of January 1804, f>he married Priace

0

BS,
I.

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I.
d
(I
d
a
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be

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11

CHRONICLE. 251

20. At the Rectory houBe^ Birtibrook,
Efscx, in his 72nd year, after sm illnefs of
•ome montlifr, the Rev, .fonathan Walioii,
D. D., Hector of the Parish and Rural
Dean.

— In Dover-*treet, Piccadillv, after n
lotigandserere jllne«», Genera) Sir Henry
Bayly. Knt. and G,C.H.. Colonel of the
8th Foot, He was the second fton of
ColoneJ Nicholas Bayly, formerly MA\
for Annflesca, by France*, fti^ter-in-law of
Hugh Dive, esq. He entereii the army
IS an Enaifjn on ihe Jiith ApHU 178iJ,
and i» April 179.1 emWrked for Flanders
with the Coldgtream GuardM. He jciined
tJici fir^t batlalion at TournaVi and wa^
Sfeverelr woy tided in his n'jj^ht hand at
the battif) of Lincellea; served at the
battle of Famar^r and at the &iege of
Valeiieionnes. whereupon he waa inime*
dialel^' promoted to a Lieutenancy, with
the rmQk of Captain. He servinl during
the rebelJion in Ireland in 179(8, and
subiequently procf^ded to the Helder^
and was orderly officer to Sir Ralph
Abercromby on the day of Inndmg, and
pfvi«nt at the action on the 10th of Sep-
tember following. While in Holland he
Buccetdcd to a company* with the rank of
Lieutenant Colonel, Sept. 5, 1799. In
1808 he went lo Lisbon aa private secre-
tary to Mr. \'iUiei"si, who was appointed
miniBler at the court of Portujjal, and in
April lBil9 returned to England with
deiipatchea from Sir Arthur Welleslev and
Mr. Villiera. In October 1809, he wa»
promoted to Colonel, and was appointed
Aide-dc-Camp tu the Prince Regent, and*
on attaining the rank of Major-General
in 1812, wa-4 appointed Er|Uerry lo hit
Royal Hi^hnew. In June 1813, lie wai
placed on the «tafr of the home district at
Major- General. In 181 4 he was removed
to the ttaff of the army under ihe Dtlko
of Wchrii0on, and commanded the bri-
gade of Provisional Militia that bad volun-
teertd lo serve abroad. In March 18111,
he wai appointed Lieutenant- Govemnr of
Guerf»tey, and he commanded the iftHmt
ki Ouermey and Alderney till June 18*21.
He received Ihe rank of General in Nov*
184L and warn appointed Colonel of tlto
8th Foot (or King** Regiment) in the
month of September of the tame ^car.
He was created a Grand Cto» cf tins
Hanoverian Gtjelpliic Order, 1834, and
was knighted by King VVilliam the Fourth
July 18, 183a

til. At Ajihbnume-hall, Derhysliire*
affed64, Sir William Boothbj, the eighth
Bart., of Brofldlow Aah in the mne

«rc

=.1 I.IGI5TER, 1846.

uniayvc ic fnuud a -^ TfciK sci-
iBKrr' s- mt Crr erf LondoB' dckoo(,
-tiPfiB?- vnxi K vaiii^ile coUeebca rf

— A- Ke^wner, Cbvief Vnww,
««^ m^TT'-m: tm rr >r Edinni M. Van-
>l:s. '1- 7t»iei«r {•!!{:.. BbtL

i:l ri- N-qiiiir-&iL.ai>f!d6^I>ud0ai
^ :tt£e- f^ Sfcmari rif liieCiaircfa 31i»-

~ .-I. ldsitii.iiK<efr C-Mffle, HmncOi-
lu-b- .'ir>srxiik }mjnes< daugfals of

z^ A- Ka^-Bi. Mvj. vde of *if
•1 :. .•■)m J.anuttK!L 1jm.'%, Chief Jindiv
•- re Kuiuiia«. and eJaett daiishter of
t:^ ;jx- rtm. Wiuiur Ve^ry Muninc.
t:-=^^- ,:iiitr Ju£a»- of the iune iHod.

:>'. .V 2i-inniix^ am 3^ the Hcb
ri r.. :'ijri(i*i*. C {imneAii of Beauchanp.
si:r: w^ -3k iiu'f oBacnzcr of Jobn. fini
•^* cf rt'iijus-. aiic Lord CbJef JuKxe
y rdsuit. ^< C■K^eri^^..\IlD^.Mah»-
ViarieT. ---.iir i: mt fenc Eari of Llan-
:sS am T ft. auK Tr u* prnwnt Eari of
. i.i:iiif. ^n v-BF Etamc^ in 1814 to
.^ ir.: Lrrinair. :r-KTi and thinl Eari rf
3»; aa:::^! JDT- :ix hac no HHje.

iS V ^it ne!Ri.ienxianr Houfe, Chef-
T:' ^.aBXTiB^ *-» tf liw V^fiefable Al^fa-
^: :• • •: <'...'ki. kLi cciT dauffhter ofthe
j4i3t ." i: : .'ijM» M»tc»e. D.D., Canon

^ V

"Z * ;

•<.- r^i^i:

I'.::- ?c- ^

I- r--» i.- .> -^T. :•: ■ . : 1 .. «. --ri;-: >r. I:.

•;•: ~. 'a*:-. V- Trj-A .!-•: "t f.-: -i:l -a
.■ : .^ •*. ":.-.':. :• :ir'v.rjr a -i-trni •■{
* ■:'.. ■*■-•• *-j-:'. .-«-•« r I- -h:.- • n'ir.ued
*. * •::-^\ ^r"--. i») Trir:- ■»! \h*-v and
b* -rr:*.-:.- .irjv'.} :: T « frade, either in
r^*.-"* rvi r:r."* \C bu^inff nriiiairniiTn of
k»x»»- al a 1 -w j-ricif, ne rapidly iiiri«a«rd
bi^ fs.Hlui:e. At iciiffUi bU trnd<i in-
CTvaf«d ?.► iiiucli, lb** ^ ^mnd exii-iiMiv<«
prvniise* e**nt' "fcrrc*! hi«

Ku«ne«» to No. knimii ui

-tbe old Mans Hcn> hin

tnn>avnions wer »«»• "*

dhMe of an.T sin
Mr. T««g«aiel
bul h» «iec1iiiii
AoMtemngthi

tlH4.S
illdoiii
d hitn
nd ho
I Uhs

— \: Xar't*. aii^i 16. John TaJboc,
t*:. irTC-i.* .: -.ir Larl of Shr«v»burT,
t ; ^t-- :c«sjx:<:re to that ancient ear}-
- ~ . Hr • «^ K<i\j MO of the late Hon.
'.»■■ r^t HfLry Ta.b >l, and Auijusta,
ji_r::-^r . f 5:'r H^ra^v St. Paul. Bart.
r*=^-r*i To i.-e Hon. Crarcn Fiizbar-
i- je IkrLeiey. MP.

— A: Ore H.aoe. near Ha.«tingA, ased
74. M^jor- General Sir Huvranl Elr^in-
Mune, Bart, and C.B.. Colonel- Com-
mordant of the cor\ts of Royal Kneinecrs.
Hen as I he \oun>«e»t son uf John Klnhin-
»!one, er<)..Ca)ii. R.N.. 8ubj«quentlT\1ce-
Adiuiral and Lieut.-GcncFal in the Rus-
Hian scr\-irt*, by Amelia, only daught(*r of
John Warburtou, esq., Sonicract Herald
of nnns. He wan bom on the 4th .Marrh.
177:), and was appointed second Lieu-
t4Miant in the Royal Engineers in April
1 7\Ul He was present at the taking of
the Va\Hi of (;ood Hope in 1795, and
ill 1H<)1 (KTved in Eg>-pt in the army
iindi'r the command of General Sir David
Haird. in eonimand of the Engineers. In
1H<H) ho wan intrusted with a mission to
Portu>tai. He tubseqnently proceeded.

ilinder General Whiiel&ck, with the expe-
Edition to Munre Video in the capacity of
cummandliig engineer. In IBf^JHt he em-
barked for Portugal with the Royal En*
gioeers, of which corps he was. honoiireci
with the commaiul At the batlle of
' Roleia he rendered especial service, atjd
[ was sevcTt4y wo untied in ilmt engagement ;
for which he was rewarded with ihe deco-
ration of a medal. Sir Howard served in
the Peninsula from JB12t#the conclusion
of the war, and KAi> commanding engineer
at the passage of (he Ailour and ihe
blockade of and xnrtk from Bajoune,
For his services in K^ypl he had received
a medal, and a medal and two I'laaps fur
Roleia^ Nivelle, and Nivc. He wa% cre-
ated a Baronet hy patent dated May 2%
IHUjm and wa» nominated a Commander
of the Ekirh. Sir Howiird EJphinstonc
DMUTiod, on the 14th Feb. 180:3. his cou-
tiD^gemiati, Franeei, eldest daughter of
John Warburton^ e*q., of Parliaoieiit*
gtreet, We5tEniiii>ter» and hiid issue.

29, At Defiiprc Abbey, near North
ampton, Cat her me, ivife of Edward B<iii-
vene, c<wj, She was tl»e oidy ilauglUer
and heir of M ^lliam Caslle, esq,

^— At Plymouth, in his 77lh year,
Ck>iiimaiider John Catvley. He was
Midshipman of the Barjfriir, and vvos
■lightly wouttded in Lord Howe's action
of the gionoys Isl of June, 1794; sub-
sequeotly mate of the Prrwidenee m a
viryageof diseovery from 171U to 1798;
Mr. Cawlef was Lieu tenant of the Cou-
ratfurux at the Ciipture i>f Liooijj' squad-
ron» ond of the Pomone at I he capture of
Sl Sebaistian in 1813, aud eommanded
the Grecian cutler in tJie West Iridieaf
and destroyed a pirate schooner mounting
eight gyn?f, and three gun boat** in 1^2*1,
Having served and di^tintjiii-ihed himself
as a Lieuteoant fur a quarter of a century,
he was tniide commander in lH2J, and in
1837 liad a Greenwieh out-pciiHon of
U5/, per annum conferred upon him.

3U, At Balmaclell^Ut Duinfrie*^-yliire,
aged 9!t Mr. Robert Patewon, sou of
•* Old Mortality," the hero of Sir Walter
Scott'A " Tales of my Landlord," a worlhyt
quiet eh!imrler of the oldeo school , who
remembereil much of the early his^tory of
Galloway, nnd the agricultural changes
which hjive so eonspicunusly iraproved
the ap|>caranee of the country during the
present and preceding centuries.

MAY.

t2* At hi)) residencef in Derby, aged

8L the Hon, Henry Cunion, Admiral o^
the Red. He was the fiRh and youngest
son of Nathaniel, first Baron Scarsdilc^
by Lady Caroline Colyear, eldest daugh-
ter of Charlea, second Earl of Portmore,
K.T., and was born on the 24th May,
1765. Hl« was a midshipman on board
the Supnb in the three general actions
with Suffrein* in 1782, and Lieutenant of
the Monarch in a fimrth^ in June 1783*
He was ipoited in 17811, and was Ca|)tain
of the Pallas in Cornwallis*'* retreat. In
ISIK) he commanded the IndefatmahU in
the expedition to Ferrol, where he cap-
tured the French frigate FV»«#; was
sub-icquently Captain of the Elizabtdt,
blockading the Tagus in 1808. aud su-
perintending the embarkation of Gen«
iVIooro's armv at Corunna, He became
a VicC' Admiral in 1814, and Admiral in
1 830. He was bixth in geniority on the
list of Admiralf. Admiral Curzon wa^
unm.irried.

4. At Brighton, Mary, wife of Sir
Martin Archer Shee, President of the
R^jyal Academy. She was the eldest
daughter of James Power, c&q., of Yough-
all.

5, At Quebec, Lower Canada, aged
8l| the Hon. James Kerr, bte one of the
Judges of the Court of Queen's Bench in
that Pi'ovinf e. He ua* calied to the bar
at the Inner Temple July 8. 1791.

H. In Bryanfitone*squarc, uged 38, the
Right Hon. Samuel Hotid» third Viscount
Hood, of Whitley, WarwiekJiire, (1796),
and Baron Hood of Cotherington, Hamp-
shire, (1795). Baron Hood of Cother-
iiigton, in the peerage of Ireland {17B3)t
and a Baronet (1778). He wa* born
Jan. 10, laOa Ihe eldest son of Licut.-
Colonel the Hon- Francis Wheler Hooh;!
(eldest son of ihe second Vis+'ount >, who
was killed inaction un tlic heightii of Aire
in France in 1814, by CaroliTi»% only
daughter of the lute Sir Andrew Jasper
Hainond, Bart, He Siucceeded to the
peerage on the death of hiii grand fiither,.
Jan. §.>, 18i^j. His Lordship nvarried,
June -27, 18*17, Marv-l*atjella, daughter
of the late Richard Tibbits, esq., of Bar-
ton Segriive, Northamptonshire, and left
is«ue.

— At Wickham, Durham, aged 67,
Ihe Rev, George Newby» Rector of that
pari^ih.

— At Meerut, after having served with
bis regiment throughout the campaign of
1842. under Gen. Pollock, and through'
out the recent one in the Puiijaub, having
been preaent at the battles of Moodkee,

I

J

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS,

■ one hundred timei under tlie fire of the
nemies of his counlry, closed hiii carlhk

^ areer sudden I v. May 12. Sir R, W.
O I way married in 180 1 Clemenlina, eldest
daujjhter and cjohetr of Admiral John
Hollowavj of Wells, Somersetaliirf, and
bad i.<Kue«

15, At his regjdcnre in Harley-sfreet,
agied 6l|the Righl Hon. and Rev, Spen-
cer, fifth Baron Rodney* of Rodney Stoke,
Somerwtshire, (178'2), and a Bamncl
(1764), He MM bom on the SOlIi April,
1785» the third son of George, second
Lord Rodney, by AnnCt tiecond daughter
and roheir of the kte Right I Joo* Thomas
Uarley, uncle to (he present Enrl of
Oxford and Mortimer. He was formerly
a Fellyw of All Soula" college, Oxford.
He was presented to the rectory of Elcn-
ley, in Kent, in ia05, by All Souls* col-
ic^, and reidgijed it in 1818. He euc-
ceod^'d to the peerage Oet, 30, 184^}. on
the death of his second brother Thomas-
Jam c;i» the fourth Lord, unmarried* The
nobtc Lord, tlie subject of this memoir,
was likewise unmarried.

— At Little Mia^nden, Jlcnrietta,
widow of Sir Frantis William Sykes,
Bart, She was the elder-t dauj^htpr of
Henry Villebois, c<»q., oFGloucesltr-place,
and jVUrhara House, Norfolk,

17. At Cbarllon, iiear Woolwich, afrpd
77t Major- General Peter Fycra, C.B.,
Colonel Commandantof the 7th battalion
of the Rnyal Artillery. This veteran
bad been throughout his life a vcr>' active,
lealoum, and M^ieotitlc officer. He wo^
tiMSionof Mr. Thomas Fyers, Chief En-
gineer in Scotland- On the breakingr out
of (he French revnlulitmary war, Mr,
peter Fycrs obtained a eommiiwiifi'n in the
Royal Remment of Artillery, in whieh dis-
tiniyfuished corps he sened during the
Catiipai^nB of i7§4 95 m Holland, He

I Mas employed oo board bomb *hip* a^inst

] the porta on the coast of Fraoce in \7<iB,

L and Im was engaged in the >»arnc desrcrip-

[ lion of service m the year J 797 1)8 under
Lord Gambler tn his expedition to over-
ftwe the Northern eoalitian ; he also serred

[Ju the expedition to Copenhagen in I801»
under Sir Hyde Parker, by whom he was

lappointed Acting Engineer to the force;

fmnd at the battle ot !2nd April, under
Lord Nelson, he was senior otliecr of Ar-
tillery ; ho vBs present and wounded at
ilw attiick of the Boulogne flotilla by Lord
NcUon i and was engiiged in the opera-

k tion» against Copenhagen under Lord
♦Cttthcart in 1807; ierved in the Wal-

I clieren expedition and the aiege of Flushing

CHRONICLE. 255

^May.

in 1809 ; ako in the campaign!) in )81$-14l
in Ihe NetheHand§, including theeurpriw '
of Bergen -op- Zoom and the action of
Mcrxem, where, with one gun whi^^b he
bid with bis own eye^ hetilenced a batterv
of several guns of the enemy, which
thrt^atened the flank of the 78tb Higb-.
lander^.then advancing to drive the Frencli I
out of that vdlage. For this serviee
(whieh wa# performed under the view of
Sir T. Graham, commanding the forces)
be was thanked in general orders, and
received the Companionship of t lie Batb.
Being promoted to the regimental rank
of Major, be came boroe, ond thus lost
the opportunity of being present at the
battle of Waterloo. In 1815, having
then the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, he
was appointed to the command of the
Rocket Brigade, which he held for the
period of ten years ; sub^quenily to which
ne lived in retirement, until bis promotion
tn be Colonel Comtuandanl of the 7lh
Battalion on the I4ih June, 1B45.

*20. At Mona Clitf, IMe of Man, aged
69, the Rev. Rowland Egerton Warburton,
of Nortey Bank, Frndsham» Cheshire,
Rector of Davenham, in that county ; he
was the seventh son of Philip Egerton,
esq., of Egerion, and took the additional
surname of Wnrburton by royal sicrn-
manual in 1813, on the death of hi* wife's
uncle. Sir Peter Warburtoo^ the fifth and
la*it Baranet, of Warburton and Arley.

21. At her seat, S limb-hill, Dorking,
the Right Hon* Charlotte Julia, dowager
Countees of Rothe*, She was daughter
of Colonel John Camphell, of Dunoon,
Bud wa.<^ second wife of George William,
1:2th Earl of Rothes, maternal grand-
father of the present Earl.

22. At Leamington, the ReT. William
Newcome, of Hoclwold Hall, Norfolk,
and Vicar of Sutton, in the Isle of Ely,
son of the late Most Rev, Willinm New*
come. Lord Archbi.^hop of Armagh.

23. At bis fcat, Beningborough Hall,
Yorkshire, in his^ 74th year, the Right
Hon, and Rev. William Henry Dawnay,
sixth ViwDUnt Dawnay of the county of
Downe, in the peerage of Ireland ( 1080).
His Lordship wni< Unrn August 2)0, 1772,
the second son of John, fourth Vitconnt
Downe^ by Laura, only daughter and heir
of William Burton, ejfo., of LufTeobiim,
Rutlandshire, by Eliiabetb, daughter of
George Pitt, esq,, of Strath fleldsayc, and
aunt to George, first Lord Rivers. Hit
Lordship was a member of Cbriil Church,
Oxford, and wa? presented to the rectories
of Thorraanby and Beany ^ in the north

256 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATH&_lfAT.

lidtng of Yorkshire, bj his elder brother
Lord Do«me in 1798, and to that of Ash-
well in Rutlandshire, hr the nine patron,
m 180a. On the deaih of his brother,
Fcfaraar> 18, 1892, he succeeded to the
frith Peerage, the Eogliah barony of
Dawnaj then becoming extinct. Hb
Lordahip married June 6, 1811, Lydia,
only daughter of John Ueathcote, of
Conningtoo Castle, Huntingdonshire, esq.,
by whom he had issue.

— At Kensington, aged 46, George
Robert Michael Ward, es-]., M.A., late
Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and
Deputy High Steward of that Unirersity.
ITiis gentleman was the eldest son of the
kte Rev. Michael Ward, Rector of Stiff
key and Manton, in Norfolk, who died in
1841, and was educated at Winchester
and Trinity college, Oxford. He was
called to thie bar bv the Hon. Society of
Lincoln's Inn June 19, 1822. Mr. Ward
was most known as the editor of a series of
Collogiate Statutes, illustrating the found-
ation of his university. His death resulted
from a melancholy accident, the unfor-
tunate gentleman being at the time of un-
sound mind.

— At Nettlecombe Court, Somerset-
shire, aged 85, Sir John Trevelyan, the
fifth Baronet of that place, and of Walling-
ton, Northumberland ( 1661 2). He was
the eldest son of Sir John Trevclyaii, the
fourth Baronet, M.P. for Somersetshire,
by Louisa Marian na, daughter and coheir
of Peter Symoud, esq., merchant of Ia)u-
don, and sister to Susan, Lady St. John,
of Bletso. He succeeded to the Baronetcy,
April 1828, on tlie t'eatli of his &ther.
In 1798 he raised '* the Walli:igton and
Kirkdule Volunteer troop of Cavalrj," of
which he was constituted Captain com-
mandant, and in 1830 served the office of
sheriff of Northumberland. Sir John
Trevelyan married, in Aucrust 1791, Maria,
dauf^hter of Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson,
of Charlton in Kent, Bart., and by that
Udy had issue.

_ At Lower Knowle, Kingsbridge,
Devonshire, William Fletcher, esq.. Cap-
tain R. N. He was wounded while serving
as lieutenant on board the Northymber-
iStiiui, 74, Captain (the late Sir Henrv)
Hotham,atthc destruction of two French
frigates and a brig, near T Orient, May
22nd, 1812.

24. At Haslar, Captain William Jones,
of Her Majesty's ship Penelope^ late Com-

modi '"^^ coast of Africa.

^ond-park, in her 72nd
*ion. Susan, Countess

Dowager of Dunmore. She wm Ifc
third and only surrivin^ daagfafcr c
Archibald, ninth Duke of HamUtoa, b
Lady Harriet Stewart, fifth ^auijUim c
Alexander, sixth Earl of Galkmmy.

25. In RutUnd^uaie, Dublim Pele
Porcell. esq. Mr. Puicell had at on
tiaie acquired much noCorielj in tb
political contests which dntract his u
happy country. From these be had him
retired, devoting himaelf to punuils o
practical utility. Deeply impreaaed wit!
conviction that the improTemeiit of Ire
land, and of the social oooditioo of he
inhabitants, mainly depended on the col
tivation of the Unid and the employinenl
of her rural population, he embodied Iw
sentiments in an appeal which was re-
axmded to by all classes ; and the Royal
Agricultural Improvement Society dok
stands as a living record of the aoundnea
of his views, and of the eftimation io
which they were held by the public.
While others were distracting the public
mind with abstract questions, Mr. Ihiroei]
stood forth to preach the arguments ol
reason and common sense, and to teach
all classes of society that there was no shocl
cut to national or individual pmsperitv;
that in the application of labour to me
cultivation of soil, and the introduction ol
new and acknowledged improvements in
husbandry, lay the chief hope of elevating
the prospects of this country, or amelio-
rating the condition of its suffering in-
habiunt^ Mr. Purcell himself aflbrds a
practical illustration of the truth of these
view:», having died exceedingly wealthy.

— At Southwick-crescent, aged 14
month?, Frederick Henry, youngest son
of the Hon. H. Manners Sutton, M.P.

— At Greenhill, near Brookeborougfa,
county Fermanagh, in his 77th year,
Hamilton Irvine, esq.. Major of the Fer-
managh militia. Provost of Enniskillen, a
Deputy Lieutenant and justice of the
peace.

27. At Milan, aged 25, the Hon. Rlias
Robert Plunkett, second son of the Earl
and Countess of Fingall.

28. In Crawford- street, Portman-sQuare,
aged 71, Thomas Bunbury, esq., M. P.
for the county of Carlow. This gentle-
man was the son and heir of 'niomas
Bunbury, esq., of Moyle, formerly M.P.
for the same county. Mr. Bunbury
twice unsuccessfully contested the coun^
of Carlow in the year 1837 ; hut at the
general election of 1841 was more suc-
cessful, being returned with Colonel
Brueq on the Conservative interest. The

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS

257

alth of tlie late Mr. the exploiiii perfi

er,rak'is and vast wealth oJ the late Mr
Bun bury are inhcriteJ for tifb by the
deceased's brother, Colotiel Buiiburj,
and at his demise tbey will dei^olve on
his nepheWn Captain William Unnbury
M'Clintockt R. N., who has beeo dectetl
bis successor in Parliaraenl, and is to as-
itime hii$ name.

29* At his M?at, Kiuaberley HalU in bis
76th year, the Right Hon. Jtjlm Gurdon,
J,ord Wodehou8e» The demiMj of I his
respected nobleman haj» occasioned tlie
heartfelt sorrow, and the decfiesi regp-et,
t)f people of every rank and condition
in llfp, not only from oiie extremity of
Norfolk to the other, but also ihrou^boot
the far wider portion of England, and the
more extended sphere of aOciety» in tthich
liie |>erj>4in and character of that excellent
nobleman were inawn, andi, bciny^ linowuj,
neAcr ceased to be hononred, luvcd, ad-
mired, and rcvert'd* IttA Lordship's
health having: declined into an infirm
state* be bad, in consequence, for I be Ja&t
two years, lieen coiufwlled to relinquish
' t&k'mg his tuibilaally active part in public
i bu^tnc&s, and had Wen recently au fieri n^
I from iskdupoisition, lie was, iiowever, ao
^much recovered, as to be at Norwich on
Tbunday week, where, unfortunately, he
was attacked with fatal illness; and on
Sunday morning the noble lord ex*
pired at bin ancestral slsiI of Kiajberly
Hall, in ihe 70tli year of hi* age. The
late Right Hon. John, Baron Wo de-
bouse, was in ever> w,iy a worthy reprc-
»tmtative of hi* illustdoua furefuthcrsi.
The Wotleliouse family (l he most ancient
in the county of Norfolk) Lh derived,
> through a suocesjiion of knights, from the
time of Henry b, in whose retgn their
' ffreat ancestor rewived kuighihood, and
I from Avhom descended Jolm Wodehousc,
W'hii waa Gentleman of the Privy Cham-
ber to Henry IV,, and aubftequcntly
E?icjuiro of the Body to Henry V., whtnn
be attended in his Trench wars. He
fought near bis royal and imrepid master
ut the baUle of Agincourt, wheri; he dis-
played great bravcrVt and ac«|uifed im*
' perishable renown. The King, a** a re-
ward fur his service^;, granted him the
proljt^ ifi^uing from ]m manor of Tbet-
ford, and made him steward of the roval
demesne of the Duchy of Lancaster. Uh
JUajesty a1*o granted him an augmeuta-
tion of his arms, i. c* the crest of llie
hand and club, with its appropriate motto,
*' Frap[)e Forte," The drop of blood on
tlie chevron, with the motto ** Agiticourt *"
underneath, arc al*o commemorative of
Vol. LXXXVIII.

iigle

exploit!! performed by II le smgie arm
of thid gallant kmght, in that ever-to-be-
remembered battle. It may be remarked,
that the supporters— the %vild men, with
clubs — were won by the gallant deeds of
one of the Wodihonse family in the
Crusades. Sir John Wodehou?e died in
1430. A descendant of hts. Sir Thoraas
W^jdehouiie, was made Knight of the
Bath, at the marriage of Prince Arthur,
eldeiil son of Henry VII. His great-
grandson, Sir Roger, was knij^hted by
Queen Elizabeth, iu li>78; and hii^ son.
Sir Philip, was knighted by the Earl of
Es<es, at Calais, in IfiSil, Hi* ^on, Sir
Philip, an accomplished and learned gen-
tleman, died in lt>81 ; and his grandson.
Sir John, in 1754, leaving a son* Sir
Armine, who represented Norfolk during
3*2 years, in fae successive parliaments^,
dying ^\ay 2, 1777, 8ir John Wode-
houf^% the lirst Bnron Wodehouse, of
Kimbcrly* in the county of Norfolk, —
was the eldest son of Sir Aniline, by
Leiilia, the eldest daughter and co-heire*<-*
of Sir Edmund Bacon, Barb He wms
born April 4, 1741 ; and married, in
March I7tjO, Sophia, daughter and ^vln
heiress of the Hon. Charles Berkeley, uf
Bruton Abbey, hi Sonierbetahire, antl
brother to John, (itlih Lord Berkeley, id'
Siratlon, wboije title became extinrt lu
J 77D. Sir John Wodehou^i% after ha^ ing
repiescntod this county in P>irliamcnt
froin 1784 to I79ti, was elevated to the
peemge in 1797* The l.^fe Lord (the
14lli descendatU in a direct line from the
Norfolk hero of Agincimrt) was born
January II, 1771, He married 1 8th
November, 1796, Charlotte Laura, only
child and heiress of the laic John Norri^,
esq., of Witton Park, in this county, whowj
mother wa* Charlotte, daughter of the
Hon. and Xi-^ry Reverend Edward Towns-
bend, Dean of Norwich, brother of Charles,
third Viijcount Towof^^hend, of Rainb,-im,
in dii-q eountv. By this amiable lady,
who died on the *2jth of June, !84i5, the
noble lord had a numerous family, six
4ona and five daughters, moht of whom
survive hinu The noble lord, whom it
ha> pleased Providence to take from vh,
&ueeeedi;d to the peerage on the dealh of
biii father in Id34. He was made Lord
Lieutenant of the county of Noslolk (in
llie room of Lord Suflleld), in 1821, and
vice admiral of the coast. He was also
Colonel of the East Norfolk Uegirnent of
Militia, and Lord .Steward of Norwich
Cathedral. He Ls succeeded, in Init litta
SLud exteuKLve £amilv estates, by hh grand-

s

258 ANNUAL R EGI S T E R, 1846.

DEATH&— June.
fon, John Gurdon Wodehouie (now Lord
Wodehouac), ion of the Ute Henrj
Wodebouse, and of Anne, onlv daughter
of the late T. T. Gurdon, eiq. The
noble lord U in hii 21 »t jear ; and will
attain his majority in January. A pro-
Tincial journal in recording the deceaie
of the noble lord says, ** The sentiments
of veneration and attachment which we
ever entertained for the late Lord
Wodehouse, and the very desire by
which we are at this sad moment in-
Buenced to pay a proper tribute to his
memory, sene but to render us the
more fully sensible of our own inability to
do justice' to the merits of so distinguished
a character. — Of his private life, it would
be ditlicult indeed to speak in terms of
adeq'iate commendation. As a husband,
a father, a fnend, a landlord, a patriot,
and a Christian, he was an honour to man-
kind, an ornament to his age and country,
a blefising to society, an examffle worthy

of general imitation Possessing, as he

did, that true nobility of mind and dispo-
sition, which is the best characteribtic, and
ou>^t to be the inseparable attribute, of
elevate d rank, it was the firmness, recti-
tude, and purity of his conduct, which ob-
tained and secured for him, in his public
capacity, under every variety of circum-
stance;:, the meed of spontaneous con-
fidence, and of cherished esteem, from
men of all parties and persua<iions. A
stanch Conservative in politics, and in
religion acon-icientious and zealous mem-
ber of the Church of Encfland, he was
truly liberal to all ; and fiilin(rthehighe>t
oftice in the county, — as the representa-
tive of his sovereign — as the head of the
magistrdcy— as conscn-ator of the public
peace,— he perfonned his important duties
with no less admirable diligence than strict
and unimpeachable impartiality. — In the
more retired walks of life, his conduct was
equally to be admired and praised ; and
in many respects his loss will be seriously
felt, rie was a liberal suppoiter of almost
every charity in the county, and Norwich
is peculiariy indebted to him, for his pa-
tronage of our Musical Festivals, — a pa-
tronage to which they oived much of their

success in a pecuniary point of view

The late Loiti WodeLouse nas of most
commandinfy '"*~^nince, in respect both
to per«oi ' to dignity of de-

portme' contest for the

repreM \ was remarked,

with p< 'C finer men or

Bore J \n Mr. Wind-

htaot r I Wodehouse,

ofa

never preicnted
cmdidatei for the electoral i
grest county. Hi* Lordifaip^'
predilectiont were not forthetiinBoiliaBd
ezcitementi of politicel nuthre. Bat, il
the call of what he regarded m n Eitf-
lisbman's duty to his sovcfeigB wmi the
constitution of his Datime lend, no ene wa
nore ready than himself to brave drafoi
and incur sacrifices. — U was obaetradT^
those who bad the best opportmiitics m
knowinff his real qualities, md of appe-
ciating his genuine feelings, thai it alMl
required a political earthquake to «ofe
him ; but when once aroused to adfon bj
the importance of any public euieigencj,
decision, promptitude, and ability, were
alike conspicuous in his proceedings, con-
joined with indomitable energy and the
most persevering determination. — As
president at the occasional meetnigs d
his fellow Conservatives in this eounty, the
noble lord was always felidtous in pm-
moting both the conviviality and the
animation of such loyal gatherings. Wm
speeches were ne\-er long, but strictly to
the purpose, and they were marked by ra
earnestness of demeanour, imited to an
extemporaneous warmth and emphasis,
which imparted peculiar effect to their de^
livery, convincing those present that the
speaker was in earnest, ana had the cause be
advocated at his * heart's core, yea, in hit
heart of hearts ? * — But it was in the inter-
course of domestic and of social life that
the manners of this truly good and amiable
man disphiyed themselves in the mott
pleasing aspect, and to the greatest advan-
tage. It was in the bosom of his femily,
and amidst his friends and tenantry, loving
and beloved, that those endearing virtues
shone with the brightest lustre, which
made him the object of ffeneral regard,
and ^hich will consecrate his memory, so
long as social, moral, and religious worth
retain tlieir due place in the consideration
and respect of the community at large."
— In Hyde-park-gardens, aged 47,
Captain Sir' Spencer Lambert Hunter
Vassall, R. N.. K. H. He was the eldest
son of Lieutenant- Colonel Spencer Tho*
mas Vassall, who was mortally wounded
at the storming of Monte Video, in South
America.

JUNE.

1. At Rome, aged 80, His Holinoa
Pope Gregory XVI. The late Pope
Mauro Capellari, was bora at Belluno, in
the Venetian States, on the ISth of Sep-
tember, 1765, and entered at an early age

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS.— J t'NE.

the Camdduii, a branch of tlie Bencdio-
linef. He dbtingniahed himself in \m
studies and in course of lime became pro-
le*ior of theology in hi* order. He ap-
pean first to have attrsurtcd the attention
of ti wider public by the dialeetic talent
lie displayccl in 1799t in a ciwtfoversj'
with liiuburini and his siihofars, F'nther
Cftpeflari was one of the tii^t menihcrs
of tlie Academy of Catholic Kelif^ion,
Imtituted by Pi'us VH. From IWU f^
18Q4 he reatded at Eome, wm eomtatit iq
hii atlendanci* at tti meetings, and eon-
^inited an annual dlsii^rtation tending to

I -promote the olgee:g uf the institiititpn.

. \Vhcn Pius V'll. wan carried *>lf fruni
Rome, Father Capelbri returned to the
Venetian Icrrilory, and joined several of
Im relt^iauA brethren in (heir monastery

• at Muranoi near Venice. For some year^
he taught in the csollege estahlis^hed there
by Cardinal Zurla. In 181 L the llhrary
of ihe Camaldoli (already much diminished
by revolutionary plunder) \v.t* takoo from
them and *fdd by auction, and in 1814
Father Cariellari» with the other meinhers

l-ttf (he colIej?e, removed to Fadua. He
Wa» recalled to Rome i-oon after the
Ircsloraliof} of Pius VIL, and appointed
»ucce«^ively Procurator and Vicar- Gene-
ral of the CamuldoliT nnd Abbtn of .Sk
L"Cii^ory's CHI Monte Cclio. He was noon
lomiiuited councillor of several of the
I eongregatinos ; amon|r>!^t olher»i» of
■-ihc Supreme Tribunol and tiie Propa*
pnda. Leo XH. elevated Father Ca pel -

• lari to the purple, March *iL iBilo^ and, in
hi« allocation to the con6^i»ti>ry, intimated
that the new c^irdinal owed his promotion
to ** the inuocencc of hi^ lif»% and the

Hpraviiy of his matmers, tlie extent of his»

ir Knowledge, atnl hitt experience in cccle-

litiaijitical maltem.'* He uaa ioon after

L tiominaled IVcftN't of the Propajxanda,

• and cuufinued to discharge the dufiet of
Ihnt arduous office with unahuting zeal
tinrl iictivitv. until he vvui elrtted Sovereijjiu
Fontiffl fte was eleett^d Pope on the 'ind

• ©f February, 18^11, and asfinmed the name
fcDf Gregory XVL The followiui; admir-
able review of the Pontiticale of Gregory

» XVL u taken from an article in the 7'imes

• iiiwspiipor» evidently the pn>diiction of a
%v».!l-inU>nnrd writer. *' Pu[>e OrcL'ory

•filled the Pontilieal chair for more thiti

• fifteen year»» durittir a ptriod of no ordi-
*liary intcreitt and djiticuliy in the atfaitsi

of the Church, and in the relatione of ihe
'Vatican with the temporal poweri of
» ChrlMendom. When ibe vi»te of ihe

• Sacred College tuinmoncd Cardinal Ca-

pelluri to Ihe hi^hcat office of the Iloiniih
Church, the French Revolution of 1830
had just inflicted a tremendous blow on
the ecclesiastical party in France, mid the
elder branch of the Bourbons hud sunk
into exile and im|>oteney, mainly fruai
ita blind devotion to the ultra-montane
policy and the religious bigotry of it« tead^
ing membera and advisers. ThrGUghout
Europe il seemed prohuble that the great
contest of freedom and nf abijolntisin iti
matters of opinion and of faiths as well as
of goveniment^ was about la l>e renewed ;
and the convutsiims whii-h had paratyied
the inthienre of Rttme in other states
(hrf atened to destroy her security at home.
The first foreign act of the new govem-
nicnt of Franco was to plant the tricolor
flaj; at A neon a. Itaily rjuivercd in her
chainB; disturbance* broke nut iii almi^j;!
every part of the peninsub, hut especially
in the Papuil States. It sei'died ai itnpot-
fible to support the crumbling fabric of
tin.' lemporal power of the Vatican a» to
elfect a sufficient reform of abuse*, which
linie, feiiiiersititinn, and a thousand vice^
had rendered inveterate. The Auatrian
troops eroticd the Po to luppoit the
Papal Govcrntoent ; and though the whole
rci^u of Gregory XVL has been spent
upon a volcano on the eve of an eruption,
the ancient »\i^teiu of Papal (ni*aovem-
menl has survived another I'ope ; and he
leaves his temporal p^)wer9 to hit suc-
ce?s<ir more enfeebled, more embarrassed,
more diisgraced by the opprcj^ion of Rome
and of the Lec;atioiu, but iieverthelea*
not wholly lifeless or overthrown. The
promise? he made for the reform of the
admin iji^tmtion upon his accession reiuaiu
unftdlillecL The natural tendencies of the
inodenite piirly to which he Inid holoiiged,
and of his own amiable didpofiition, were
oferrukd hy the Cardinei*> v^ho exercised
power in hi« rrnrne ; and hi» rcigti cnrmot
escape the charge of cruelty in the re-

f)re^ion of politiciil utfeoce»,aud of a most
J] go ted resist a lice to the practicid improve-
ments of the age. The reign of Gregory
XVL will, however* be chietly remem-
bered tiir the fciimrkahlu activity whirh
hai pervatied the lioman Catholic Chort h
in every land wbiUt he occupied the chair
of St. IVter, ttitd by the fi^rett cimflicti it
wu-j his lot to BUAtain wiih fni»^t of the
great Powers of the world. Simple in his
habits, narrow in hii* tdeas, titTiid tn his
nianner«, incapable of civil government,
Ihe Pope Devertheless displayed in the
alfidra of the Church a vigour and a deci*
fion equal to the great emergencies which
S '4

rTER. 1S46.

t Ti- — ::j r.±i^i.^^ r > !r»«i-

2*U

a. s? ae

a:.: - i i-r— - -rt**

ani:- Tiu ?•.■-•• ^:
lit- .V^iiti n Jmii-r

'••r.i.vi. ~^ia:r---r f r-.s 1x^,7 : ^c w
fi '..r-- i.r ii ■ T.n fc--r.i:5j:i 7 fc.-iiiinrt
tf 2c.. oi*^ -.7 Vu JL.'si .- u lu^^imi ii»

ft. I bxcci^: ••• --T Tir.r/.rr ■ i^rr— . T'le

wr.'j r. ."A * >:

'h/>ii*t Kair:- •., '.".» :'.'- ii ■".c«. 7.-Jiere*i
if '.f .r« »*a.v,. 4n.:. *-: •.--»; ■«• zuij ui-i-
y^rj^. it of **■.•!* ai-fes ici exr-irei
K*fD* of lit 'jiin<^. Th* rl .'*in-z vcar» of
ih* r«ri/n of (irfrz^jfj WI iiln:e*-=ei 4
r«f*«:Aal of I hi* mi'tlton- nhkh had «:b-
ti%»U-A for vt tbViy A-nas U::«««r. the
novrr<ri{fri« of tL#; )Vnir>ula ani the
H'iv0^*:it/u I'oritirT; ari<l x\t»: firfj^emment of
i\tii T'tiur'-h hail orir-f; more l«een re-f'fta-
klii^M''] in lh<r <lo(ninioni of the Matt
('uih/fiii: anrl tti«: Mo«i? Faithful Queens.
Ill ll«-l|/iiiin, thf: Catholic f-au^, adapting
itM-lf writh ftiiif^iilar pliancy to the political
ii/Tifi<*ntR of thi* a|(« oiirl to the nrxrial con-
dition of thi'. jHoph;, formed an alliance
Hilh lUf priru-iph.H of national indtpend-
ciii'i' and i'i*il freisdom. A new Stale was
utUU*i\ * •« of KurojMs which owed

Itt r 'nee of an active and

■rd* tn Ireland a himilar

M)i' ^rge fHjrtion of the

Rr iK»i» the whole, the

pc liow not been to

the Sm

diebte
xsof tkeiupn-
-Mm am tkc 17 r^ ~:^ \nhfciihiTn of
J Mf^ie. «aK ra« .iT ^aoae cocmrhk vtueh
v^i;.*! xxT't dsLfs ^ E4rapeiotoffii*ff
Tv^ T HTftf .ynui M^ ^ol — d which ewB
]!•« Miin&ei!*c =e v.-ni hj a ^plajof
-ntf II nuui'» uii kubilkxi nh vhicbthe
iidumt!« ir ^.'Obs aaij Tvtart «wa an ih-
iLiup* yr jjtmn^ iSac cooieM tefmi-
lanrx vc ii: aauBt^aoe of the cbim of
TM -rhurra. laii V7± a crcat Uiucic cf
a^a.. :a -'2it zx\ cc rbe R-koiui Catholic
i Gerauj. But ere lonff a
:c assxtr brv>^e oat in tW
■.-:ii::c7. -^ tSe ^sacw of a new adujini
si:.-*; icr.-:« j.-:c ^-.''ce fxmidaUe to Rome
iiuz v.T M-ixb. Lu c<vurrMl floce the
ix-^i :z L,^nT: b«.t ths ereat moTciiMnt
ZA^triri :=e c\:c:r:l of R 'me. and its coo-
s««, :«=•>» =jT ;ocr be &I1 bv Popes vbo
ra-e r.e v-rt ec:ervd the Sacird College.
We c-^ es:ecd ihs» fummarv of events,
£^u^ m:\h s>xd or eiQ in no commoo
c:vx«^n» ;j» the Rooikh Church and to
nur.Lind. bj numerous incidents which
r.aie marLe-i the rvign of the late Pontiff.
The ancioni Churrh of Africa has been
TV instated in those regions which wit-
ness the miniflrr of St. Aucustine and
the death of St.* Louis. The Chineie
empire has been once more opened to the
Propaganda of the Roman nith, as weH
as to the missionaries of the reformed
Churches. In Switzerland, the disputes
ari«iinjcr out of the presence of the religious
orders of Rome and the property of the
convents have reccntlv reached the height
of civil war, in which the aggression of
the revolutionary party was signally pu-
nished under the walls of Lucerne. In
Poland the calamities of the Latin Church
have been aggravated to actual penecu-
tion ; and perhaps the most glonous mo-

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 261

DEATHS.— Jltni:.

Sir John Glanville, Justice of the Com-
moit Pleaft, temp. E\h. and fntirtli in
d(*Tent from Sir John Glanville, Speaker
of the House of Commons 11^ l*j-W). His,
father^ also .Sir John, was knighted when
ifhenff* of C'omwall ill 175.3. Mr, Glan-
ville fenced the ofEcc of Sheriff of Corn-
wall in 1793. In 1794 he waii relynied
to Parliament ft>r Malonribury ; and in
1707 for PI V month, for wliidi be sat nnlil
the di^iwdulion in 1802. Mr. Glanville
WiiB twice married; firsts in 1790, to
Snrah, youngest danphter and eoheir of
William Masterman, eiq.* of Ileistorniel
Park» Cornwall; fhc died in 1792, leav-
ing an only daughter, Sarah j secondly,
io 1 796, Elizabeth, second dau§rhter of
Kobert Fauj^hawe, esq.* Commiss-ioner of
Plymouth Duekvard, by whom aWi he
had i^soe.

4. At Twickenham, ajred 36, the Hon*
Frances Tutnell, w ife of Henry Tufnell,
e^q., M. P. and Fccond daughter of Gen*
Lord Strafford, GvCB.

5. In Wilton -crescent, after a short ill-
ness, brouj^bt on by her aceouch amenta ki
her 35th vear, the Right Hon, Marjjaret-
Harriet, Counters of Roraney, sister to
the Duke of Bucclcnch.

— At EsUngton House, aged 16,
Horatio Frances, third daughter of the
Hon, Henry T. Liddcll, M P.

7. At Freelandg, near Winehenler. aged
7<}i Aletlica, relict of Major Georpe
Grove*, formerly of the 281 h Foot, and
niece of (he late Sir William Blaekstone.

— At Reigate, Surrey^ in his 72d
year^thc Rev. Horace Salnsbury Cotton,
fonnerly Ordinary of Newgale.

8. At Malln> aged 19, Frederick An-
nesley. younger son of the laie Bishop
Jame^. of Calcutta,

i;i In York-street, Lambeth, aged 71,
the Hon. Pierce Butler, MA\ for the
county of Kilkenny, and Colonel of the
Kilkenny Militia. He was born May 0,
177.i, the fourth atid youngest son of
Edmund, eleventh Viscount Mountffarrel,
by Lady Henrietta Butler, second laugh-
ter of Somerset Hamilton, first Earl of
Carrtck. Mr. Butler eonlestcd unsuc-
cessfully fur the county of Kilkenny at
ihe general election in I82t>, and iffaiotin
Feb. 1831, opposed the re-election of
Lord Dunearnion, but was again defeated,
After the passing of the Heform act, he
wai rctunicd without a contest, as ag^ain
in lm5, \m7, and 1B4L He wa^ an
eiitreme Radical in his politics, and sup.
porietl the proposition of a repeal of the
Union. Colonel Butler married, in 1800,

ment in the life of Gregory XVI. wat
that in which, but a few mnnihs befure his
death, the Autocrat of Russia stood before
him to render an account to that aged and
defencele*.* pastor of the members of hia
Church who had suffered for conscience'
sake. The eloquence and energy of the
Pope on that occasion are not forgotten ;
and (hey have not been, we (rust, without
Iheir reward. But we mujit paime in tins
rapid recapitulation of the Pontiff's reign.
The world can hardly present us widi a
stranger picture than that of an Italian
Camaldule drawn by accident or foreign
intrigue from the retirement of his convent
to play his part on the great *tage of life,
and to devote the last years of a pro-
tracted existence to the arduous duties of
a policy which emhraces the globe its*elf.
Some other obscure monk will probahly
ascend the vacant throne. It k said tluit
Austria and France have already agreed
upon the object of their choice, and the
deliberations of the Conclave will not be
prolonged. Whoever he be, the task be-
fore him is one of extreme magnitude,
His position is the most extravagant of
contradictions. One hundred and thirty
millions of Cliri^lianii acknowledge him
as their head ; and the man who n^ume^
this overwhelming dignity will probahly
be unable to maintain his authority for
llix months in an Vtaliaii principality
I Urithout the assistance of an Austrian
I •rniy 1"

tk At Waterstock, Oxfordj^hire, in his

I 6Blh year, William Henry As^hhurst, ewi.j

ra deputy-lieutenant and magistrate fur

J that county, and formerly one of it* repre-

IBentative^ in Parliament. Mr. Ai^hhur^it

«ras the eldest son of Sir Willi am Henry

f Ashhurst, one of the Justices of the King*s

[JBench, bv Grace, daughter of Robert

iMlialley, M. D., of Oxford. Mr, Ashhurst

erved the office of SheriiTof Oxfordshire

1810, and during tifteen years repre-

en ted that county in Parliament, but

rithdrew from the re presentation in the

year IHJ^I He was for many years

miairman of the Quarter Sessions, and

Ihat and other duties appeitalning to

s station so conducted himself, as to gain

he approbation of all parties and classes.

4e was a very active and popular magis-

ate, and highly esteemed for his private

irorth.

At Marlow, Buckinghamshire, aged

^,B9t Francis Glanville, e^q., of Catch -

rfrencb, Cornwall, a magistrate and deputy

Vuteuant for the latter county. He was

Hfth in descent from the Icanicd judge.

SH

-^c V

1 T-EGISTER, 1846,

It.

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ariwnei irx ••» W^-: 1=:^

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lerant »r;-i A *

i'jtirit

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f tiw

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;.iHi?< G

nx ;

»n4

wa» f.r "^n: at »^

'•J>V-J:

• nf Fori

B;.i

rto-.i.

the uLinz of th-^ i«!a:>l4 of M-irrinique,
.St. I.iiHa. and Gua'Jaloup^. He «ur-
oe*?*le<l to a C«»nipanr, sej»t. *2. 1795: l:c
jterved three years on the flaffri EncUnd
a^ Aide-d*^-C.imp to Lfird Cornwilli* and
Gcncnil Gnnville ; one roar at Gibraltar,
and in the «'»~»««tSMn to %> i»t. The 1 4th
Jan. \W^ -i a majority in his

n^me- •'d on tlie' staff* at

Malta* V Adjutant- Gene-

ral to Marrh, imH, he

wai Quarterma^cr-

OcM rank of Licu-

ards served on

— i n ""fK \: -:.

ira.ri

r: — '- r""^ r^'*z-

J^.x,"

■J^-.P^: ?^sl« ■: r

hrv 1

:!.- --i:-' J.; ; j,i

cfc»

: u. ;:ij-. :.- rr.---

-"*i.

: "^-^'TT : :-v.;-L

1L3 'I

tTK rcaf nf tiip araiT, noder LinL-Gei.
l^rrr VTilnn) Deiit iw k, in ilaly« Snlfr
ft'- Tnr j«B i<n. 1912. he ncmdit
Taii4 rr Cn»ct!»f! : of Major-GenenL iha
-40 rr JAiBR. I SI 4. and Lieut.-GeMnl
nv ±ts£i JuS. Ic^X He rccnred per-
niHrtKix jMn'^[i i8l7. lonvarlbegrwl
r-T^^ ?r « JsmariuF of Sicily, cnofcmd
iinnv liiir. f:r TSe drfcmg of Sicily iMJ
irt- f7TH>rhtirt£ to Italy in 1815: andim
L.Viirtiiz'C tT" :?.r PriT^V Resent at hoiae
Hiin fi '}*iT. Sir Chariei PfciH'm
w I— If--, i: I'tfJ'A ibe irlid of the Rer
L'-La-^i Sr-iiae. of Newnham IVl
rH-.-ii.. ms^z OKjffawr of the late So
5"-^- :«a»ni B'-vmL Bart.

-.: A: ■JT.o^.rfHIi. aff^ 5fi, Mr. JuK
Xv^. :i> ra i^ JnTinstor of the ta
-» r irwniif.. :»f-w j^v^iprmUr uwd-in medica
iir8-rr:i3!^j-. He beld the ritiiaiioa o
■ra. r^TjiL^ as the Royal Aneml

x.'v L-n;. aT>:: «w Mcufant to Dr. Fm
c zxte K,-?»j .^MIiTUT AcaJrmy.

ii V 14. Barv.>oi.placv. Edcmn
^■» '?» cwTj hand. age«l 60, Ben
S ••:•-« Hay ion. »q., hbtoria
VLTtrtr. Mr, Hayoon xns a natire c
^'--^ *=•-?- ^iicne hif fiuber was a book
«■•:■. H^ f^iBf:M ft<tr the arlf ofdeKf
.T- o?- r'f^^f :a ht» childliood. A
« PfT 7^ « of &£« he was sent to th
rT.-->^ R-*.V at PlTiDoulh. then con
: ..-^i ry rr B dl-.le'; and aftcrwardit
H •: T-i :■ tive «pe of the Rer. N^
Hi_^T.;^ -• ::.a:v:.rs .Seremovt-d to Plymp
t:- m=u:;ir s.^%>!, which was fnrmeri
Tie 7 *.-* of <ir Joshua ReTnol.is's edii
rt-^"!i. A^er hi* father had fur loini
* "^ r^r^wc-i h:# prrsiileclion for draniitc
he n V: r:h cave way to his ton's w'-rfi«
w.*--* \k^ PlTn-.-Mith for London on tin
UTh Ma%. I«<H. and commenced hi
5rui:os a: t::e Royal Academe. He was in
tr>3ucvd t'T >Jr. Prince Hnare to Fuidi
wh>«e eiaqzt: rations both of sfvlc am
liehan ^yr ho afterwards too faiihAilly co
pieJ. ir* first picture wa« commenml ii
iX-.obor 1 8i^. and exhibited in 1 807. Tin
subject was a:nbiti>^us — -Joseph and Mar]
resting with our Saviour atter a dayl
journey on the road to Egypt:" it wai
purchjuKd by Mr. Hope, tlie author o
Anastatius. ' His second work •• Dentx
tu!t."wa< commenced in January 1809. ba
delayed, and raalerially altered, in con<
poquence of hi? dcrivin{^ fresh principle]
of art from the study of the Elgin mar-
bles to which he for some time devoted
ten or twelve houra a day. It wa^ flnifhed
and exhibited in 1809, and in the following
year obtained the great priie at the Hoynl

k

*

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS.
Iflitituiion. He next applied hini»e!f tci
itie subject of " The Judgment of Si>lo-
inoTi," durini; the process of which hh
rcfiour^es fiiiled, and he continued \m
bboursunder severe privationii. At lenjfth,
il was cofDplctf'di and exhibited in Spring
GardcnSt and the direciore of the Inftitu^
tioD voted him a pre^nt of a hundred
Kuineas. He had already qua milled with
liie Royal Academy, or be mi]tiht now
have l>ecf>me an Academician, lie con-
tinued hov^ever a tksi friend with Wilkic*,
though the latter w.u* a man of din^ttly
contrary tempera meot, beio|f all eautiorii
eircutiHpcctionf and deference, iivhilsl
Haydon Mas all incantiant obstinacy, and
grille. Wdkio went with Hay don into
DcTonshirc in ISOJJ, and Haydon went
with Wilkie to Piiris in 1814. There
Haydnn studied in the Louvre. After an
absence of two mnnthfr, he relumed home,
and commenced hii largest work, ** Christ
entering; Jerusalem." This was exhibl fed
with triumphant succeM in 18'2t>» both in
London and Edinbur||h- In 1^17 he
fixed his residence in Lisbon Grove, where
he eftablUhed a school o\ paifittitg, anil
had asyml pupilt ; where he painted se-
vefil hiitoricat work« of great merit and
mcalcr nretcnsion. llis asiniiitions (or
the grand, led tu I he production of works
beyond the otimation and ntiove the price
faf private [mrchaaer^, and too lar^e fur
admisiion into the rooms of moderate
tuansjons* Ha career Iherefore, even
wheti hti fame was hi«h&*t,was cminenlly
un«ucceasfu1. lu 1B*27, Haydon' a pecu-
niary cmbari-ai^ment» compel led him to
become an inmate of the King's Bench
Priton ; wlicrc be turned tiis misfortune*
to good account by painiii);? the *♦ Mock
Election" thai \\m held lhrre» The pic-
ture mm lumpfht by Kin^ George the
Poyrth fiur 5CX) guineas, and its ef>m]Kinion,
** Chairtiig' the Member," also found a
purchaier for 300 j^inea* in Mr. Franeij,
of Exeter. Anotlier picture of the same
period wift hh '* Pbaraob dUmti^inf; Mom^
at iht d«ad of nif^ht, after the Pa«Hf)rer/'
lit by Mr. Hunter, an East India
laat, for 5O0 guineas. He now at-

fd (jortrait-jmintiiig, which be bad

pretiuutly di»dained, but be did iiol fttudy
tho graces enough to make him fa^bioit-
and hi» manner of paintiuf;^, always
ng In coar«ene>*, h}*d li«eonic les^*
His f^rent portrait*ptefure of the
Reform Banquet" did not advance his
reputation in portraiture ; and bin be*t
eway in ibis tvalk, the ■< Ant i- Slavery
Society/' attracted little not tec. Uh

dicate

CHRONICLE. 263

.—June.

'* Napoleon at St, Helena*' was one of hjs
most sucoeaaful works ; but the intended
companion (lieture, " Welling^ron at Wii-
terloo." proved a tkilure. His Lite small
biftoric pieces were a sad falling of\\
until he |>ainted ** Uriel and Satan,*' and
hi» liwl finished work, •* The Batiisbment
of Aristidea." which showed that he bad
not lost all his power« In t8^K) he a
second time passed the Insolvent Debtors'
Court, and aj^ain in 1>^M}. DurioH: thin
eljockered and Inuibled career, llaydnii
wrote and lectured inee^iatitly. He made
continual tirades og^imst the Royal Acit*
demy; even quarrelled with ihe Hri(i?'h
Institution about the prixe they had
awarded him, nndcoiUro verted Mr. Payne
Knijt^hi'fi theories upon the ICljfin mar.
blefl. In his own fashion be labimrid
moat actively and zeahuii^ly |o nromole
tlie advance of the Bntii^h srnool of
paintiniK, and to improve ]iopuhr tn«te.
Both io \m writings and his eunversiitton
be wais as warmly eloquent in pmise of
tine i|ualitie4 in works of art a^ be was
violent in \m eennure of their defect?.
In I84U he jjnve a course of six lectures
on painting in the university of Oxford,
A* a let-turer ajid teacher he showed com-
plete knowledge of his subject, and great
powers of conveying il to other?. His
mastery of drawing and hh knowledge of
the human figure were very great. His
power lay in the rcpresentnlion of realities:
what he faw he depicted bcdflly and tritly
— bating thnt excels conM^(|uent upon his
markiinif points of chararter too ttronply.
Historical and imaginative Ruhjeeta were
not hi* forte : he thrmght they were,
because he burned to do great things, and
Irked to work on a large scale. Frrhnpa
bo phould havr been a jcutptor: (he re-
piiiitance of clay or marble would bavis
(luiled his physical energy, which oflen
milde his Ruiito run into extra vngnnce.
However large a share the fiudt* <>f the
man bad in producing bis misfortunes,
there can be no doubt but that, had be
lived in IVance or Germany, bis <levotion
to bis profession, and bis endeavours to
advance the cause of art, would have been
more bto-hly appreciated anti better rc-
Wiirrled> The melancholy fact that a man
of strong natural t.tleutA and great ikbility
both OK an artist and a teacher of his art
— who WiLi equally nMiiarlahle fftr h»gh
conrac**" energetic detcmiinnlinfi, and
active industry, and as tern|H'rnte in bit
liabitii of li^*' MS be was artient and Ban«
guine in disdbiit ion— that »uch a cha-
racter should be driven to de^peralion by

261 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATH&— June.

the failure of h» endeavours to earn a the Navj in 1779; wm

•uhsistcnce ami achieve a reputation — and
this too, at the vcrv time when the Go-

Tcmment hnd taken the arts under its
protection — I'xcitos surprise u well as
regret. For abo\i.» forty yean* had liaydon
ctrugeled bravely with adverw circum-
stances and amid the fluctuations of for-
tune maintaine I a cheerful confidence that
historical (^intini?. to which he had en-
thuMastioally devoted himself, would be
encouratred'in Eiiir'and. Ho lived to see
his anticipations re.dized, so far as the art
itself was concerned ; but his hopes of
benefiting? by the result that he had so
strenuously laboured to brincr about were
doomed to disap|>ointment The slighting
of Haydou's cartoon^* by the Royal Com-
mission was the death-blow to his hones.
From the \ery outset of his career he had
set his heart on being employed to paint

inctun*s for the House of Lords ; and his
a«t efforts were directed to \indicate his
rlaims to this distinction, by carryinflr out
the plan he conceived thirty years before.
He appealed from the (.-ommissioners to
the public when he exhibited his ** Arls-
tidci" and " Nero ;" and people passed
the door of his exhihition-room in crowds
to go and see ** Tom Thumb." • Pecu-
niary embarrassments the result of the
failure of this exhibition, were the imme-
diate cau:?e of Haydon's last act; but mor-
tification at the a}>athy of the public and
the nejriect of the Royal Commission
broke hi"* heart — he died of disap])oint-
mcnt. He had fought through over-
whelming ditficulties before; and would
have bonic up against them now, had he
but entertained the hope of painting a
fresco for the new Houses of Parliament,
or been cheeretl under his disappointment
by popular support. As it was his eyes
were opened to his life-long delusion of
identifying his own success with the pros-
perity of what he calle<l " high art." The
particulars of the self-inflicted death of
this ill-starreJ son of genius will be found
in our Chuonicle, p. 91.

— At Standcrwick Court, Frome, in
his 79th year, Henr>- Folkes Edgell, esq.,
Rear-Admiral of the Red, and a Deputy
Lieutenant of Somersetshire. He entered

* In an entry made in
21 St of April the unfor
noted down the number
own exhibition, during oi
while TomlTiumb's levee
period, had been attct
persons.

the Biaiifaiaami ml the capture of U
Comie ttArtais, m, 64-giiii prifatwr, mi

in the same ship in Adminl Frto^
sanguinary action with the Dnldi AdainI
Zoutman/ off the Dogger Bank, AotaA
5, 1781. He was subseqiiienti/ wdrinp-
man of the ArtatM* at the cuptnre of m
Dutch schooners Jiart and Heradi; wu
promoted to the rank of LieotoiaDt ■
1790, and was flag-lieutenant oa homi
the Barflenr^ in Jenris*s actkm, off G^k
St. Vincent, in 1797. He was promoted
to the rank of Commander in thefoUoaiiig
year, and from that time cxunmanded tlie
Piuto sloop of war, chieflj on the New-
foundland station, until made pofltc^itni
in 1802 ; after which he held an appoim-
ment in the Sea Pencible Serrieet be-
tween Dungeness and Sandsate. He
commanded the Cormeiia at the culture
of the Isle of France, in Dec. 1810^ whev
six French frigates fell into our hmd^
and for his gallantry on this oocasoo Kii
name appeared in the London Gaietie;
and he also commanded that ship at the
capitulation at the island of Java, in the
following year. He was afterwards ap-
pointed to the Cormwallis, 74 ; and was
raised to the rank of Rear-Admiral io
1840.

25. At Stoke-upon-Tcm, Shropshire,
aged 9a, the Rev. Oswald Leycester,
Rector of that parish.

— At St. LeonardVhill, near Wmd-
sor, aged 75, Elizabeth Sophia, relict of
Major Cfeneral Charles Amad^ d*Har-
court. Marquis d'Hareourt, peer of France,
daughter and heiress of Kichard Bod
Harcourt, esq , of Penlcy, Herts. She
died from the effects of a lar^ quantity
of laudanum, taken in mistake for a
draught of medicine. The Marquis d*Har-
court was killed bv a foil firom his horse
in laOl.

27. At Kent-terr. Regcnt*s Park, aged
65, Captain Thomas Richard Toker. He
was midshipman in the Defence at the
battle of the Nile, and senior Lieut of the
Colossuft at Trafiilgar, for which he was
made C!ommander, Dec. 24, 1805.

29. At Surenden Dering, Kent, aged
50, Henry Handley, esq., of CulTeitboipe
Hall near Sleaford, formerly M.P, ror
South Lincolnshire. He was firat re-
turned to Parliament for the borough of
Hejtesbury in 1824; and was subse-
luently elected for the southern division of
he county of Lincoln at the first election
^er the Reform Act in 18S2, and again

1835 and 1837, on the Whig interest.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

265

*

»

DEATH

!ii t641 tvro Conservative candidates fl})-
peored; Mr* H an dley alone <^ppr»sed chcm
At I he polU* nnd woa tlefeaU'd by a large
Toajorily. Mr. HaiwUcy marriedt October
1-j, IB'ij, the Hon. Camliiie Rdwardes»
elde&t di-iughter of Lord Kensington.

— A^ed 5(i, Mr. Matthew Henry
Barker^ the author of several naval novels
and sketdiesf and known under the name
of the Old Sailor. He was the son of a
dijusentiiiQ: minister, i^bo for nearlv half a
oentttr) preaehcd in the same cfiapel nt
Deptfordt and sencd many years in the
Royal Navy ; from the estpcrience derived
in ihi* service, he was enabled to paint sea
life with ho much tnith and vig^ovir. Among
hi* work* were ** Laud and Sea Tales,"
"* Tnuj:h Yuma," *' The Life of NeUan."
•* Nitfhts at Sea/* and hundreds of com-
mDnicationi in verse as vietl ad prose, to
ihe Literary Gazette, Bentley'i Miscel-
lany, various annnals, and, at the elosc of
his lifbi the Ficlorial Times and the
United Service Ganette. Like the vast
m.i/ori(y of hit ortkr, he died in hame&s
Riid in poverty — all his loils filling to do
more than !>tippurt hiui in decent humility
and wasted healths denied needful repoM;
to recruit hi« «trength| and restore him to
laeftil labour and mental eitertion.

JULY.

tJ. In Whitehall -place, in his 56th year,
KnWrt V!iii|;,'hnn Richards esq., M*A,,a
Queen's CoiJn?»eh He was the third son
of the lute 6\t tiifhard Riehartb, Chief
Baroti of the Court of Exchequer, by
Catherine, daughter and heir of Robert
Vaiic!;lxan Htimnphreys esq., «if Caerynwch,
Merionethshire* He wa.% for some time a
Mudent n( Christ Chun h, Oxfonl, where
he took the dejjrec of H. A. in IHI L beinjj
pdecd (in Easier Term) in the fir^t class
DDth ift Literu Human, and in LUitriftl,
Mnth. et Phtft. He was called to the
liar hy the Hon. Society of the Inner
Temple, November *26, 1*810, nnd prac-
tised OS a special ]>ieader; iilso in the
Common Law Court*, and on the Oxford
and Welsh circuits. He was one of the
eEamincrs of the Society of the Inner
Temple ; nnd was nomioJtted a Queen's
Counsel in Ffhniary 18^19.

— At the Rectory, l*ew?»ey, Elizabeth,
wife of the Hon, and Rev, Frederick
Pleydcll Uoiivcrie, Canon of SaliAbtiry.

-1 At Great Aloe, Warwickshire,
a^d 6(>. Rev. Robert Pedder Buddicom,
M,A., Principal of St, Bcei Clerical
College.

S. — July.

6, At Follistone, in bia 70th year, Sir
Nicolas Conynffham Tindal, *DX.L.,
Lord Chief Justice of the Conrt of Com-
mon Pleas. Sir Nicolas Ttndal was the
son of Mir. Robert TindaL a solicitor at
Chehwsford, descended from Dr. Matthew
Tindal, a celebrated controversial writer,
and from the Rev. Nicolas Ttndal, a man
of litemry reputation, who was Rector of
Great Waltham in 17*i"i. The early
edneation of Sir Nicolas was received at
the grammar school of Chelmsford, under
the mastership of the Rev. Thomas Nay lor.
where he is said to hai»e ^ic^en indications
of those quick parts and that ^h'd talent
which afterwartls marked his career. He
entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, \a
the year 1705, and took the degree of
A. B. in 1 791>, being eighth wninffler and
senior Chancellor's medallist. In I8I>1
he obtained the second Member*' priice.
In October of that year he wa* elected a
Fellow of hia college, and held the fellow-
ship for eight years. The degree of D.C.L.
was conferred upon him at the iof»tal]atiou
of the Marquess Camden as Chancellor
of the University in IB?34. On taking his
degree he became a student of Lincoln'*
Inn, and in due time began practice with
very considerable encccss a* a special
pleader : Lord Brougham waa among
the number of his pupila. There can be
no nue*tion that a young law student
could hardly have chosen a ^fer guide,
for a man more thoroughly learned (hfin
Mr, Tindal even then wa*, in even' de-
partment of the law, coutd scarcefy be
fonnd within the range of ilie profession ;
and he was ei]>eeJAUy celebrated for what
is c^led ^*^ black-letter learning-" His^
high reputation brought him so man^
clients, lliat after a few year* he thought it
safe to go to the bar, and accordingly he
was called in Trinity Term, 18<J9. In
the Court of King's Bench, and on the
Norihem Circuit, every year brought
Mr. Tindul additional reputation as a
lawyer, but his fame did not stand high aj»
an advocate ; yet he had what the pro-
fession calls a "capital husinefs;'* and a
large income rewarded hi* learning, hii
industry, and \m high reasoning faculties.
The natural process by which lawmen
seek advancement in (heir profession lato
get into Parliament, Mr. Tindal, how.
ever, enjoyed a distinguished opportunity
of appearing before one house of Parlia-
ment long before his cleclion as a mem'
ber of Jhe other, A Bill of Pains and
Penalties was preferred against the Queen
of Get»rge iV., and Mr, Tindal, con-

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE, 267

DEATHS.— July.

Ifliiniself m Protectior^lst. Mr. William

p Praed tru unmarried.

12» At RamsEiate, Charlolte Elizabclh»

' ladv of Lewis H. J. Tunna* esq.» betti*f
known under licr Jitcnirv dcsiflfnation of
'•Charlotte Elizabeth." Thievery auc-

I cetstul religious writer was bom at Nor-

, ffich «bour I he year 1 79*i, and wm the only
ugbter of the Rev. Michat'l Browne, a
Unor Cation of the cathcdrnl, and Hector
rSt. Giles's in that city* At n wry rarly

[Jiflic, Misn Browtm ht^pjime the wife of
Ciiptaiii Geoi^e Phelati, of II. M GOtli
Ruiiiinenr, a irt*nili*man who^e affmn were
dreadfully t*.mbarra»<«ed, and whoM har«h
conduci noon causinl a B4»naratinn. Durintir
I he Uw-4i>it8 in whieh ner husband wan
ininlved, her ttraf had been chie lly passed
til writing out dt>cutnent* ffir the lawyers,
Sh'5 Htt* already regarded as a literary
red use, when, from a casual communicti-
tion with a lady who devoted her time ro
the ditljribution of inictB amionsi the poor,
»he wii% induced to make her first esiwiy in
iutlinrfhrp in aid of ihe objccls of the
Dublin 'J'rael Society. After removing
lo Uie icjwn of Kilkenny* -he finii^hcd
** Onic a mmionary tale," whkh funned
a $?ood«ttxed rotume, and wrote tteveral
«mttller tale* for that Society, wbieh paid
hiT libennlJy, and cheered her on her
path with id I the warmth of Chrbtiati
aflection. ** My little books and tracts
li^'came popular becmusei after some
»(rugK^e aj?ainst a plan so humbling to

> literary pride, I wait able to adopt the
angrg^Cflion of a wise C'hrifitian brother, atid
to form a Myte of tinnh homely simplieity,
that if, on readtnitr a manuscript t» a
child of five year* old, I found there was
a 9inp;le sentence or word above fits com-
prehension, it was instantly corrf'cled, to
auit that towly standiird/' Mhilnt thus

» largely benefiting others, and supporting

> beraelf by her own exertions, Mm. Pbelan
► nol exempt from continued pcrsecu-

^ tiari. Claimf which, however unjust^
to have bail foine le^l vnlidity,
Allle upon ber, and she was in con-
obliged to publish her works
f untlcr her baplii^mal tiame» of** Charlotte
VEH«iWth," nM froiTi any afT^efalion of
' -impty to ennible ber to
It of ber literary labours,
I iT-dgtcnii tales followed, which
[ liif« oliaiiieif venr great celebrity ainon^;
fcflBla cImbh vf the conimupify ; their
■ mda pwrpon bein^ directed to the sup*
t |Mirt oir lite truths of the Go«pel, and to
J tha exertions of the Church of
t Baoe i in nhich laat she was at lea<^t so flir

rwir

iucceisfui, that some of her wortut have at*
tained the honour of a plaee in the " bdest
Kxpur^torius." Intheyear 1841 (CaptaiiJ
Fhetan bavinjj been dead some years), shft
was married to L. Hyppolytus J* Tonna,
esq., At*i4tant Director of the United Ser-
tice lusiitution,— au alliance which was aji
happy at ber first was the rever*e.

13. At Rose Pork, county Gal way,
Daniel M'Nevin, efq , for many year* an
a^'tive member of liie Catholic As^nciatfon,
the tilt*peal Aiitociaiton, and tlie '82 Club.
Hi! was a st>licitor in cxtcoAive practice,
atid an enthusiast in extreme an ti- English
opinions.

— In Dubliti^ ojr<?d GO, Mr. John Ber-
nard Loj^ier, the unihor of the celebrated
Loj^ierlan »y«.tt'm of mnsic.il iustrurtion,
mid iuvcntni of the keyid bugle.

— At Poonah, Lieutenant- Colon el
Robert Faiisluwe Martin, Deputy Adju<
taut-General to the Uueen's forces at
Bombay, yonnpfest son of Admiral Sir
Tbimaii Byam Martin, G.C.B.

10. At Biliycoora, Kilkenny^ a*red 7^,
the Ri|i?ht Hon. Rdmnnd Builer. K^irl of
Kilkenny, and I2lb VisLouiit Mount-
gnrret, county Wexford, nnd Baron of
kells (15jO)» His Lord>hip was born
Januarys, i771, the eldest son of Ed-
mondt eleventh \^i«count Mount garret, by
Lady Heunctta Dutler, i^econd dau]3;hter
of Somerset Hamilton, tiriit Karl of Car*
rick. He succeeded to tbHrlle of Vis-
count on hi* father's death, July 16. 1703^
and on the !30th of December in the Kimo
year was advanced to the diirnity of nn
Earl. His Lordf^hip married, June 8,
1703, Mildred^ eldest daupbter of the
tVifjst Rev. Robert Fowler, D.D,, Lord
Archbishop of Dublin ; but by that lady,
who died Dcct^mber ??0, IS^Itf, he had no
issue, and ihe ancitnt ViK^ountcy of
Mouutgarret has devolved on his nephew,
licnry Bdmund Butler.

^-' At Gefjoa, a^ed 56, Major-Gcneml
LorrJ George William Russell, Aidc-dc-
Camp to the QueeOt a Brigadier- G en er*il
in the army of PurtUf^al, G.C. B., and
Knij^ht of the order of Leopoid of Bt'l-
^ium. brnther to the Duke of Bedford
and Lord Jrvlni Ru*?elL Lord SrilH.im
RusseH was (he second son of John, stxth
Duke of Bedford, K.G., by his first wilo
the Hon. Georgian a Ebzabcth Bynjcj,
aecond daughter of Georj^e, fourth Vis-
count Torrin|[ftonr He was liorn on the
8th of Miiv, I7W. nnd wa-* gaxetted as
Cornet in th^ Ut Dragonus on the 5th of
February, 1806. Having raf tidly acquired
Uioae itrp* in rank which wen? to be ex-

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APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

269

DEATHS.-^TiLY.

— At Rome, aged 65, Pfiiice Ht-inrkK
of Pruisia, brother to tlic late King.

19, Afbcra short illness, a^redi 70, Daniel
Wake^eld, e*q., of Lificoln':^ Bni, one of
her Majesty's Counsel Mr. Waliptield
was the second *on of Mr. Edwartl Wake-
field, merchant, of London, and Mrs.
Pri&cilla Wakelield, who was well knoivii
for the many ingenious works which s^lie
wro*e for the pr^jmolton of juvenile iin-
provement. He was educated under the
Immrediate c^ire of lii:$ parent.s^ and at'
taincd great knowled^ at a very early
age, and when scarcely twenty became a
political writer of much eminence. He
waa called lo the bar m 1807 by the
boDourable Society of Lincoln's lun, and
wms soon considered one of the ablest
equity draughUmen of his day. fn at ten -
lion to his profes^kmal duties he wa^ ifide-
fatigable» and vim a mint reaiou^ and
pleasing advocate. He wa^ nominated
one of hisbte Majesty's Counsel in 1 833,
and after thai period practised lu a leading
counsel with ^at eiilat. He wa^ counsel
for Mr, Attwood in the great eanse of
tsmall r. Attwood, when* the Lord Chan-
cellor Lyndhurst having decided the cause
again.^t Mr. Attwood, Mr. Wakefield ad-
vised and imdcrtook the successful ap-
peal to- the House of Lord* from that
decision, which involved a que&lion of no
has than one million of money ; and for
the ffrcat ability he displayed in ihi^s cause he
received a silk gown from the Lord Chan-
cellor and a cheque for 50lXtf. from Mr.
Attwood. Mr. Wakelield was one of the
Benchers of Lincolu's Inn* and the most
active of the Commitlcc for building; the
aplendid new Hall and l^ibrary, in the
erection of which he look tlie most Ineiy
interest^ and bad the great f*lca«iure to see
it tioally coraplelcd, aod ihc himour, with
his brother Bencher^, to enteftaio her
Mcjestjr and Prince Albert to dinner
therein. Mr. Wakefield was mice mar-
jricd, but, leaving no issue, hk heir-at-law
ii his brother, Edward W^aketield, e^q.

— At PreHtonfietd, near Edinburgh^
Annci widow of Sir Witliam Arbuthnot,
Bart. She was the daughter of John
AWes, esq., of Shigland, co. Inverness,
M.D.

20, At hia bouse in Gleumoyler near
Londonderry, tn his 80th year, John
Claudius Bere^ford, esq., formerly M.P.
fur Dublin and for co. Waterford. He
wai the third §cinof the Right Hon. Jnhn
Beresfbrdi eecGiiid »on of Marcu*. first
Earl of Tyrone, and brother lo the tirst
Marquess of Waterford, by bin fir^t wife,

Anne Con ^tantia L igo ml es» a grand-da ugh -
tcrof the Count de Ligonde*, a French Ge-
neral I a ken prisoner at Blenheim. The
name of Mr. Berts ford is identified with
the mercantile, polittca!, nftimicipal, and
social his I or} of Ireland. He was senior
partner lu one of the greatest banking
hoiues ever established in this country ;
he represented the metropolis at, and for
many years previous to, the Union* whiLh
measure he most violently opposed ; and
was one of the first members after that
event selected for the Imperial Parlia-
ment. He wa-^ an alJenn.m. and served
the othce of Lnrd Mayor for ihe city of
Dublin widi princely hospitality ; and in
his habits and inlcrcouist? with his fellows
he was joyou^^ frank, iiod entertaining.
In the terrible times of '96, a Comraand-
afU of the Merchant*' Corps of Yeo-
manry» a naverc and a distressing duly wa«
committed to it* Captain. The exigency
of the timcfi, and ihc very nature of the
functions to be administered, required a
man firm of heart, resolute of purpose,
quick in conception, and rapid in execu-
tion. The very occupancy of such rir-
cu instances, and at such a crisii*, of course
brought upon him the malignant vitu|je-
ration of the rebellious and ditiloyub
whose scncmes it was his duty to detect
and defeat. Now that the pasaions of
those dreadful times have passed away,
the conduct of Mr. Bereiford, in (he firm
discbarge of his duty, b.i* received ils
due approbation from all parties. On
the death of hia father in 1806, Mr.
Bcresford was elci^tod fiir the county of
M'atcrford, and again at the general elec-
tion in the ftJtme year aitd in 1807. He
niurricd, March 3, 179J, EliJtabeth, only
daughter c*f Archibald Mennies, of CuJ-
darcj CO. Pctblc*, esq. , hut hud uti Iuhk.
— At Kingstown, near Dublin, in his
(itJlbyear, Roiibcn ('ail laud Mangin,esq.,
Rear- Admiral of the OUrc. Thin oflicer
was a son of Lieut- Colonel .Samuel Henry
]Maiigin, of the I'idi Dragfxins, and waj
bom m Dublin 1780; and entered the
naval servit'e in 1 794t under the patron.igo
of Sir John Boria^c Warren, liar!., with
whom he >ervcd the greater p.irt of \m
time as a midshipman, on honrd the Po-
rn m\ Camida^ Tenieraire^ Ftrnmvfi, ;ind
Alintrim. He was midshipman of the Pn-
moae^ in the expedition to Quibemn, in
1705, and of the Canndn^ in the actton with
Biimpart in 1798; and of the Minerva at
Ihc capture of the FnLMtch frigatt* Sacvh,
off Leghorn, al the evacuation of that
city iu 1799t He was madtt Lieu le it ant

2T0 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHa-JuLY.

in 1800, and a Commander in 1804, and
commanded the Fo/lorotM praam at the
memorable four months' derence of Dant-
ric, in 1807, for which service he was
promoted to the ranic of Captain in the
month of October in that year. In 1811
he was appointed to the Saldanha frigate
on the Irish station, where he continued
for only a short period, and was not sub-
sequently employed. He was made a
Rear- Admiral in Nov. 1841, at the ^ne-
ral promotion in honour of the birth of
the Prince of Wales.

2t3. At Gariicube, co. Dumbarton, aged
77, Sir Archibald Campbell, the second
Bart, of Suecoth, in that county ( 1808),
and formerly a judge, under the title of
Lord Suecoth. He was bom Aug. 1,
1769, the son and heir of Sir Hay Camp-
bell, the first Baronet, who was Lord
President of the Court of Session, and
bore the same title of Lord Suecoth, by
Susan Mary, daughter of Archibald Mur-
ray, of Cringletie, esq. In 1809 he was
appointed a Lord of Session, when he
assumed the title of Lord Suecoth, and
subsequently he was made a Lord of Jus-
ticiary. He succeeded to the Baronetcy
on the death of his father, March 28,
1823, and in the following year he re-
signed his appointments on a pension.
Sir Archibald married, in Aug. 1795,
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James Bal-
four, esq., of BaIbirnie,Fifeshirc,by whom
he had issue.

23. At Edinburgh, Lieut-Colonel Ro-
bert Winchester^ K. H. late of the 92d
Highlanders. Colonel Winchester en-
tered the army at an early period of life,
having been appointed to an ensigncy in
the 92d Regiment on the 18th of Sep-
tember, 1805, in which gallant corps he
continued to serve with much distinction
during a period of nearly forty years. He
accompanied the expedition to Copen-
hagen in J 807, and that to Walcheren
in 1809. Ho served in the Peninsu'a
from October, 1810, to the end of the
war, including the lines at Torres Vedras,
action of Arroyo de Molino, taking of
Almarez, defence of Alba de Tonnes,
battle of Vittoiia, affairs of Puerto de
Maya, 4th and 8th of July, 1813, battles
of the Pyrenees 25th, 30th, and Slst of
July, 1813, affair of Rnncesvallcs, battle
of the Nivelle, affair of Cambo, battle of
the Nive, on the 9th and 13th of Decem-
ber, 1813, affair of Hellcto, action at
Garris, affair of Ariverellc, battle of
Orthes, actions at Aire and Tarbes, He
slightly wounded in the Pyrenees,

July 25, and severely at the Nive, I9th
of December, 1813. Colonel WineiMitar
also served in the campaiffn of 1815^ eod
was present at Quatre Bnm, wbere ht
was wounded in the left hand, and at the
memorable battle of Waterloo* when kii
right arm was fractured by a minket-ahot
He had retired on full pay.

26. At Stratton Park, aged 72» Mary
Ursula, wife of Sir Thynas Baring, BuL
and mother of the Hiffht Hoa. ¥tmmm
ThornhiU Bariiig, M.P. She wea tfce
eldest daughter of Charles Seal/, eif.,
barriiter-at-law, of Calcutta.

— At Waldi Beni Jabor, in Muteat^
the Rev. Thomas Brockman, Rector of
St Clement's, Sandwich. Mr. Brockinaa
was travelling in Southern Arabia under
the patronage of the Royal OeogTaphieal
Society. H is diaries and papers are likely
to prove of considerable interest, and the
drawings consist of some forty or illly
sketches of the country, of builmnga, aad
of costumes. There are also a raw bo-
tanical and geological specimens. Mr.
Brockman had, however, bqen unable,
from the jealousy and inhospitality of the
people, to penetrate fiur into the country.

2S. In lielgrave-square, aged 74, Ge-
neral the Right Hon. Sir George Munrny,
a Privy Councillor, Colonel of 'the 1st
Foot, and Governor of Port George;
G.C.B., G.C.H. ; Knight Grand Cross
of Leopold, St. Alexander Newskt, and
the Red Eagle ; a Commander of the
Tower and Sword, Maximilian Joseph,
and St Henry, and a Knight of the Se-
cond Class of the Crescent of Turkey ;
Governor of the Royal Military College
at Woolwich, President of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society, D.C.L. and F.R.S.
Sir George Murray was bom Feb. 0,
1772, at the family seat in Peithshire,
being the second son of Sir William
Murray, Bart., by Lady Augusta Mac-
kenzie, seventh and youngest daughter of
George, third Eari of Cromarty. His edu-
cation commenced at the High School,
and was finished at the University of
Edinburgh. His first commission of fin-
sign in the 71 St Foot was dated March
1^ 1789. From that regiment he soon
afler removed to the 34tn, and in June
1 790 to the dd Guards. In 1798 he par-
ticipated in the campaign in Flanaers,
and in Jan. 1 794 was promoted to a lieu-
tenancy, with the rank of Captain. He
returned to England in April, and, having
rejoined the army in Flanders in the fol-
lowing summer, was present in the retreat
throogh Holland and Germany, lo 1795

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS,
liewasappoinleilAide-de-tJamp to Major*
General Sir Alexander CampWli, on I be
«taff of Lord Moira's army, in the expe.
diliou intended for Quibepon. In the
aulutnn of the same year he proceeded
to the VVeit Indies under the celebrated
Sir Ralph Abercromby \ bur ill health
soon oblipcd liim to return, and he served
on tlie »tiii{' in England and Ireland durini;
the year* 1797 and 1798. In Au^ 1799
he obtained a company in the tJuardSi
mllh the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. In the
dan^'P* and disaAten of the exj^icditiion to
Holland he fully fmnicipated, and, thoujjh
be was won tided at the Helder» he wna
fkrion able to proceed with hh regiment to
Cork. From that port he embarked (or
(jibmliar, aa part of the force under the
orderiiof Sir Ralph Abercromby. Having
been placed in rhe Quarlt'rmai»ter*Oene-
nil's department, he went to K^'vpt, for
Ihe pur]>o*e of making arrangements pie-
paratorj to our celebrated expedilioii
atjfamtrt the Freneh ifi that pait of liie
world* In that eountry be displayed
fueh pllanlry and ^kili* lW the lurkisb
Governineut conferred upon htm the Order
of the Crescent, Although present at
every one of the eiigaifements there, he
escaped unhurt. At Marmorice and Ahtsu*
kir, at Ruaelta and Rcihmanich, at ('airo
and Alexandria, he nas alike aeli^c and
Ruecc^jiful. From Kgy pt, in 1802, be
went to the West Indies, where he re-
mained nyear a* Adjutant- General to the
Urititnh forre* in those colonies. His
next appointment, m 1804, wa^ that of
I>eputy Qniirterma&tor-GLMieral in Ire-
Innd ; but» in the interval between hi**
quitting the West Indie* and a&suming;
fliat po>t, he filled a sitnatioii at the
IJorse-nunrds, The next occasion upon
which Colonel Murray wa* tngajyeu !«
active service was. the expe'dition to Slral-
iund« wbieb was undertaken in lH(Xi ; but
thii de9)|27i wa* rendt'ied wholly aburltve
by the Jiiecift*e« of the Frencli arms iit
Poland. In about two jenrs after thnt
|,ltoAt ft dJplumalic mission to Sweden
fS^ entmatfd to l.'rdonel Murray, and,
being Jhereat the time thai (he expedition
under Sir John Moore wcntlo that country,
be received from Sir Jchn the appoint-
Wtai of Quartermaster- General. Very
tdMi afterwards these troops juined the
army hi Poiiuf>aI under 6lr Arthur
Wellcsley; and throughout the lonjitcries
of victories which they achieved Colonel
Murray was scarcely ever sejmrated from
tbrin until the armies of bln^land had
bttn <|uartcrcd for tha** years in ihedty

CHRONICLE. 271

-JlfLY.

of Paris. On the ht Jan., Igl2, he be-
came a Major- General, and on the 9th
Aug. 1B13» he wa§ appointed Colonel of
the 7th battalion of the 60tli regiment ;
from which lie was removed to the 72d
Foot in IB 1 7. .He was nominati'd a
Knight of the Dalh Sept. II, 1813, be-
fore the enlargement of that order. After
serving for a ^hort time as Adjutant Gene-
ral in Ireland, he wai^ appointed to the
government of the Canadfui, and thither
he proceeded without dchiy. A short
period had only elapised, when the Secre-
tary of State announced to him that
Napoleon had landed at Cannes. Sir
George had the choice of either nmain*
ins: in Canada or of reiumiix^ to Europ<*,
He preferred rejoining his old coni|j«inions
in arms ; the natural feelings of a »)ldiert
and the si>irit of cnti?rpri:se^ which formed
one of tlie eleraentt of hi:^ character,
would not permit him to remain an inac-
tive tpectatur of Mich stirring s<?ene«. The
delay occasioned by the embarkation of a
iarge body of troopii, and the jIow^ pro-
greM made in sailing n ith a tleet of tratiji-
porta, p^vented hitovettakinirlhe Brilibli
army till it had nearly reached Pari«.
During I he slay of our army of occupa-
tion on the continent, Sir George re-
mained with them, enjoying the local
rank of a Lieutenanl-General. While in
Paris he received *even Orders of Knight-
hiTod, besides those conferred upon him
by his own Sovereign,^ — a sufficient proof
of the esteem in wbJch his eharartcr
and senicei were held by continental
m<tnareli«. On the return of the Array
of Uecopation, be waa appointed Govcr-
nor of Edinburgh Castle, but bo held
that otfvee fur onlj? a year, exchanging it
on the iHth Aug," [HUk for the Govern-
ment of the Uoval Military College. On
the 14ili of June, 1820, the roivtr^jily of
Oxfwrd cont'errcd on him thf de^y:rvc of
D-C.L. ; and in January. I8*i4, he wan
ehrMHL»n a Fellow of the Hoval Society*
Hi* appniutmeiit to the command of ib«
42<i FiKit took place in Sept. lSi23, and,
on the Qth of March ftd lowing ho bo-
camo' Lieutenuiit-Geiicral of the Ord-
nance. In tlie same year he wa* choMfn
Moml)«r of Parliament for the county of
Perth ; but at this lime hh attendance in
Parliament wa* much interrupted by
dotic* which devolved uptrn him in Ire-
hn>d, where he lilted the otTice of Com.
mander of ihe Force*. At the genend
election in 1H20, he waa again retomed
for hia native euunty. In 182S he gaic
up the command of the anny in Ireltmd

272 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATH&— Aug.

to take the office of Secretair of State
for the Colonies,— ail office nur beyond
the parliamentary reputation which, up to
that time at least, he had acquired ; but
thenceforward he rose rapidly in the esti-
mation of the House qf Commons ; and
very few military men ever approached to
the excellence which he attained as a
public speaker. While Sir George Mur.
ray was at the Colonial Office, our pos-
sessions abroad were not seriously em-
barrassed by any of those difficulties which
usually afflict the Minister who happens
to preside at the colonial department;
but the Government of that day had de*
licate duties to perform, and were sur-
rounded with various and formidable diffi-
cultieii. In uniting with his colleagues
to meet and overcome these difficulties.
Sir G. Murray bore his part most effi-
ciently. In supporting the Roman Ca-
tholic Relief Bill, and in opposing the
measures of the Liberal Government in
1830 and 1831, he was singularly suc-
cessful. But it was not alone in Parlia-
ment, or in the *' regbt ration courts,"
that Sir Geor(;e Murray fought what he
conceived to be the *' battle of the con-
stitution." He fought it as vigorously on
the hustings and in the |K>Uing-booths.
He was reelected for his native county
ttt the general election of 1830, and again
in the following year. In 1832, when
the Reform Dill became law, and Parlia-
ment was dissolved, Lord Ormelie, now
Marquess of Breadalbane, sto(»d for
Pertlishirc upon Liberal principles, and
proved successful. On the accession of
Lord Ormelie to the peerage in 1834, a
vacancy again occurred in the represent-
ation of Perthshire, and a contest ensued,
in which Mr. Graham, the Whig candi-
date, was defeated, and Sir G. Murray
again sat for that county. In Sir R.
Peel's administration of 1834-5, he filled
the office of Master- General of the Ord-
nance, but was thrown out of the repre-
sentation of Perthshire by Mr. Fox
Maule, who defeated him by a majority
of 82. At the general election of 1837,
Sir George stood for Westminstei% but
was defeated by Mr. Leader and Sir De
Lacy Evans ; and two years subsequently
he stood for Manchester, but was again
rejected. When the Whigs resigned in
1841, Sir George Murray ajjain received
the appointment of Master- General of the
Ordnance, and again became a candidate
for the representation of Manchester, and
was again defeated. Although, however,
he failed to get into Parliament, he still

remained a Minister of the Cnnra. <
the death of Lord Ljnedocb, id 18-
he tuoceeded that Tenenble Gcaenl
Colonel of the 1st (the Rojal) Regim
of Foot He attained the rank of Lin
General May 27» 1825, and that of G
neral Nov. 23, 1841. The last ocon
upon which Sir Geoi^ Munay ca
prominently before the public was
a literary capacity» namelj, as cdil
of five volumes of ** Marlborougbli D
spatches,**— « work whi<^ tended iwicli
raise our estimate of that celebrated eoi
mander*8 character. It is not, homen
as a literary man that the name of S
George Murray will descend to poiterit
As a successful soldier, an aUe miniiti
a skilful and fluent debater, he will loi
be remembered. His personal a|^>eaniie
when in the enioyment of heahfa, «
distinguished by that bearing and characft
which bespeaks the soldier as veil as d
gentleman. In the 54th year of his ag
in 1826, he espoused the Lady Lom
Erakine, sister of the Marquess of Ai
fflesey, and widow of Lieut^Gen. S
James Erskine, Bart., who died in 182;
Lady Louisa had then attained the nu
ture age of 48. Sir Georae became
widower on the 23d Jan. 1842; havin
had issue one daughter.

AUGUST.

1 . At his residence, St. Georige*s Holei
Albemarle-street, aged 51, tbe Babo
Dwarkanauth Tagore. The funily o
Dwarkanauth Tagore have been knowi
in Calcutta for the past century as weahh;
and most respectable members of its na
tive community. His ancestry were ImkIi
in the highest respect by the natives ; an:
he declined all title of honour, as beiof
unable to add any thing to his hereditai]
claim to respect. Jovram Thakoor, tb<
common ancestor of the present branches
(now known as the " Tagores") held tb<
office of Aumeen of the 24 Pergunnahs
and head native revenue supervisor, p^^
vious to and at the time of the capture
of Calcutta, 1756. He was a man ol
opulence and reputation, and was pro-
prietor of the ground on which the present
Fort William was erected. Joyram Tla-
koor left three sons — Ncelmoney. Dur-
ponorain, and Gobend-ram Tbakoon.
The last died without issue, and the pi»
sent families in India are the descendanb
of the two former. Dwarkanauth Tagore
was the second son of Bronunoney
Thakoor, the son of Neelmoney Tha-

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 273

DEATHS,— Aug.

Itoof ; and was tljus the irncat-Enrandson of
the Aymeen Joyram Thakoor fir^t de-
scriWd. In 17fJ^ he was adopted by hi*
paternal uncle, Ramtochun Tliakoor, who
died in 1802, leavtug Dwarkanaiith, while
jrct a child, under the control of liis adopt -
jre mother. Under these circumstances
Dwarkanaiith inherited, with other landed
propcrtY, the Commercolly estate ( w<?ll
known in the commercial world ftir its
vahiablc silk of that name), and also
elates in Cuttack, and houses and land in
and adjoinin(7 CalcuMa. His f^pacioua
family re^-idence in the Choi pore road
descended to birn frtmi hi* grandfather.
He was brought up whtilly in the tenetij of
Hindooism, and in 181*2 w.-w married to
the daughter of Prawn Nauth Roy Chow-
dry, of Narandcrpore, Je*sore, uitli the
UBua! expensive marriage fefii i litieii, aijd
alms to Bmhtnins. whicb co«t no less a
sum than 30,000 rupees, or 3,000il «ier-
\m^. At an early a|^c^ however, hh pre-
diierdon for European society and for
commercial cnterpri'^e be^au to tii^play it-
»elf. When only eighteen* he prffcet'ded to
his Commercolly property, and remained
there a vear in its active management.
In J 821' he built himself SyHadak and
other it)di?o factories on the estate of that
name, which he carried on with ability
entirely from his own pecuniary resource*;
while, with an unusual spirit of enterprise
for a young Hin<bo, he purchased a large
fhip.'the Resoiittion, and himself des-
patched it to South America, with a
valuable cnrgo of hi si own. In 1^22^ at
the in vital ton of ihe public authonties, he
followed the custom, then obtaiiiingamona;
youDg native? tif family and opulence, and
accepted a high office under Govemmenf,
&nd oecame the head Dewan of the Salt
Department, a situatinu of considerable
native importuT^ee, in which he se-
cured the honfjurablc apfinnal of the
Doard, and has smte enjoyed lo the day of
hi* dealh the friend*hi|> of *ome rY ita
most di5[ingui>tied fuuctionaries. Since
quitting the Government service fnr liio
more ludependertt nperaliont of commerce
and the min.igimeut of \m owii estales,
he has hold a hiyh position iu tim Cal-
cutta community, diMinrryislied thei-^ for
hh priticcly hcKpitality antl Id* njunificent
iupport of every public enterprise for the
improvement of hisj country, Uh dona-
tioui to the dilTerertt instifuttonfi and coU
Icj^, and bin active advoiacy of every
measure to widvance the education and

rialion of hh imtivc brethren, were
atcd wiTh all the noble institutions
3L. LXXXVilL

flourishing in Calcutla. To the District
Charitable Fond be made ihe munifietnit
df>nation of J0,O(XI/, Having managed
the foundation of the College of Anatomy
for ihe instnictiou of Hindoos, he had
the courage to wlt^e!^6 the dissection of
a subject— a thitig most abhorrent to the
prejudices of km caste, and he lived just
long enough to reap the fruits of hi^ ui-
umphaut energy. In wiineising the bril-
liant success of his two native (Hindoo)
studenta in the Univeiiily of London,
who have j«*t paised the examination of
the College of Surgeons. They were
sent to this counlrj aud wholly maintained
at h\i sole expense. Dwarkanauth Td-
gore was first in England for a few
moiiths in 1842, and IVom that lime was
arixiousr not only on art'ount of the flat-
tering reeepEion he had met with, but
from bis own love for its institutions, ihc
many fnendshipt he had formed, and the
stale of his own health, which required a
lengthened change* to revis^it this cliuiate,
and enjoy the advantages of a longer re-
sidence. But he brought with him the
seeds of serious illnesji, and although his
removal to a more fatourcd laiiiude ward-
ed ofl* for some time the fatal resulta of
the cTil, he at length sunk under the
effects of a fever, heiglitened by an or-
ganic disease of the lungj*. His loss ia
deeply felt by many, and is a public, as
well a$ private, source of regret ; ft>r, al-
though simple in his chainctcr, unnbtru*j
sive to the last, and aver,^e to put him sell
prominently forward in political difcu»«l
sions, there are few men who had .*ounde
views as to Indian policy, and who upon ^
important questions could offer a ?afer or
more comprehensive opinton. His deci-
sion was one of the foremost on the aboli-
tion of the Suttee. He ever boldly broke
through the trammels of mere ceremonial
caste, and baa shown a noble example to
his countrymen, not only by venturing to
Europe himself, but by bringing his young. 1
est son and Tiephew for the puifWe of 1
advancing and n niching their education.
Not content with the pleasures of travel-
ling and fight-seeing to enlarge his alreadj J
extended information^ he laboured hard to]
acquire tlie language of France, a^ a pass- 1
port to ibo^e of Europe, and aL«o look \
delight iu the various aoeomplif^hment* of i
society, especial ly that of Kinging, and
more particularly Italian and English
music. In the town hall of Calcutta the
inhctbitantA, both tiative and European,
in testimony of their regard, had hU por-
trait painted by ^av, and at the same time

T

274 ANNUAL REGISTER,

DEATHS Aug.

authnrixorl a marble bust of their bene- parate aee, and will
factor to bo executed by WeekcH. The •-—■••

1846L

Coiii|>any itruck a fi^o\d medal of large in-
trinsic value to commemorate hisBcrvicefl;
and, to crown the whole, Her Majesty, on
a lubMiqucnt ocraition, presented to him
her own miniature and that of Prince
Albert Some of the nobicit statuary of
Gd)M(>n, and paintiuf^ of the oldand modem
maNtcni, are placed in hiKj^allericsandadd
to the beauties of his firarden palace. It is
laid by those* who know his aftairs well that
Mm landed prttperty is next in extent to the
dominiouA (if the Riijah of Rurdwar, and
pays nearly ten lacs of revenue to the
KttHt India ('ompany yearly. The mor-
tal remains of this distin^uis^hed Hindoo
were interred in u vault ;it KcnsaUfrrcen.
Ni» religious service was performed over
the body, but the mourners were requested
by No^endranath Taifore, his son, to
renmin until the vault was closed.

4. At his seat, Lullinj^stono Castle,
Kent, in ln% 80th year. Sir Percival Hart
Dyke, the (ifh H'ait. of Horeham, co.
tiuHsex (l(i7G-7). Ho was the second
son (d' Sir Ji»hn Dixon Dyke, the third
liaronet. by Philadelphia Payne, daugh-
t«'r of (Jeorjfe Ilorue, of Kast Grin-^tuad,
es(|. He sueee«*ded to the title on the
death of hin elder brother. Sir John Dyke,
Nov. ±i, IH'M. Sir P. H. Dyke married
Anne, daughter (»f Robert Jeniicr, of
Chi<leiuiist. i>sq.. and had i.sisue ten sons
and live daughters.

8. At (ihiHsnevin House, near Dublin,
nire.187, the Ihtn.and Uipht Rev Charles
Daliymple Lindsay, I). I)., Lord Bishop
of Kildare. Bi>hop Lindsay was uncle
to the ])resent Karl of Balearres, being
the eighth elnld and sixth son of James,
fifili Karl of Balearres. Ho was born
D«»e. 14, 1700. and was a member of
lUliol College, Oxford, where he attained
the degree ot .M.A. July 15, 1786, and
that of D.D. was conferred upon him by
diploma April II, 1804. In 1793 he
was viear of Lutterton, Lincolnshire ;
but wi'ul to Ireland durinjj the viceroy-
alty of his brother-in-law Philip, third
Karl of Hardwiek (I80I-I80G), to whom
it is believed he was private secretary,
and by wliom he was appointed to the
tleanery of Christ Chureli, Dublin. On
the *2()lh Oct. 1803 he was consecrated
Bishop of Killaloc and Kilfenora, and in
the followint; year he was translated to
the see of Kildare, over which he con-
tinued to preside for the long period of
lorty-two years, retaining the deanery of
Christ Church. By his death the bishop-
ric of Kildare becomes extinct as a sc-

to that of Dublin ; thedeaaeriei ol
Church and St. Patrick's are aoitc
the title U henceforward to be D
Dublin. The Bishop of KiUa
twice married, and has left i«iie.

9. At Bognor, Sussex, a|ped SS,
beth, relict of Sir Bentinck Cw
Doyle, Knt., CapL ItN.

13. At the liesidence of the 1
Governor of Chelsea Hospital, ag
Robert Plumer Ward, esq., of C
Park, Hertfordshire. Mr. Ward i
younger son of John Ward, esq*, i
chant of Spain, and be was born i:
country on the 19th of March. 176:
mother was a native Spaniard. Mi
bert Ward was educated at W^cito
school, and Christ Church. Oxford
after a period of continental tniTel
called to the bar by the Hon. Soci
the Inner Temple, June 18, 1790.
went for some time on the Northen
cuit, but afterwards confined his pr
chiefly to the Court of Appeals. In
he was elected to Parliament fb
borough of Cockermouth. In 181
was appointed one of the Welsh Jt
but in the same year he relinquishe
profes>»ion of the law to become I
Secretary of State in the Foreijirn D<
ment. Upon going out of office wii
administration of Mr. Pitt, we beli«-
was not returned to the Parliamei
1806 ; but on the next change of mi
he was appointed one of the Lords <
Admiralty. April 4, 1807, and el
M. P. for Hdslemere. He continue
sit at the Admiralty Board until
1811, when he was made Clerk o
Ordnance. In this last office he wai
ceeded by the present Lord Hardin
1823. Finally, Mr. Ward was for
time Auditor of the Civil List, unt
abolition of that office in 1831. H
ceived a grant of a pension of lOOO
1828. He retained his seat fdr Hasle
until the dissolution in 1820. Mr. \V
early literary labours were directed U
important topics of international la«i
p<dity. In 1795 he published " An
nuirv into the foundations and histo
the Law of Nations in Europe, fron
time of the Greeks and Romans tc
age of Grotius;" in 1801, »* A Tr€
of the relative Rights and Duties of
liprercnt and Neutral Powers in Man
Afluirs, with the principles of Ai
Neutralities," &c ; and in the same ;
"An Ki^say on Contraband." He
wrote ♦* An Enquiry into the difR
Modes by which the Wan of £u

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

275

DEATHS.— Alo.

^

huve coQiTnenced, with the autliorittcs
afaterL" When released from the labours
and rc^poRH bi lilies of otficial rot|tiirenicnt^,
I^Jr. Ward favoured the wcrtd with the re-
sults of his experience in the most arjree-
ttble form, in his celebrated novel eutilled
" Tremaini*, or the Man of Kefineujeiit."
Success and popularity immediately at-
tended titjs v^'ork; and ju>t U\o yeura after
oppeiired his ** De ^ ere, (»r the Man of
lnr!ependenpc/' The admirable ttudy of
George Canning, am otiirothenveli -known
literary and political eharactere, io ihesc
pag^e^H, hclpeil to render them iitill more
l^ropuFar than, with all their merits they
mij^ht olhcrwiee have been. His *' lllus-
trutiotii of Human Life" issued from the
pre** in the spring of 1837, and was
foltowed, in December, 1838| by ** Pic-
tures of the World/' 3 voIjj. replete with
variety, and the resuh of much reading,
great ex|wricncc of the world, setMibihty
towar<is(he beauties of oalui'e* a highly-
Ciiltivated taste and philofiophical turn of
mind. In 1 838 Mr, Ward aim |.^roduced
** An Historical E^say on the real Cha-
racter and Amount of the Precedent of
the Revolutitm of 1G88," In two volumes
^vo. In 1841, "De Clitford, or the
Con»tant Man." in 4 \oh, ; and in 1844»
** ChaUworib," another uoveL On his
feeond marriage, in 18*28, Mr.Warrl luok
the additional name of Plumer before hi«
own by royal sign-maoual, and in IB3:2 he
terved the ofllice of Sheriff of Hertford-
thirc« Mr. Ward wa* thrice manied;
first, on the Mjcond of April, I79(i, to
Catherine Julia, dftii|rltter of Christitpher
Thnmp&nn J^kling, esq,, of Miiton, Uur-
Iiam. By this lady be had issue a son,
Henry George Ward, esq., now Secretary
lo the' Admirahy,and M-P. for Sheffield,
In JijlylH2S Mr. Ward married, secondly,
Mrs. Plumer Lewin, of Gibton Park,
Hcrt*, Mr. Ward married thirdly, Feb.
14» IH3;J, Mar}' Anne, widow of the Rev.
Charles Gregory Okcovor.

J4. At Ballina>Joe, county Galway,
•ged 75, the Hon. William Ic Poer
Trench, Rear-Admiral of the Red, unele
to the Earl of Clancarfy. He was bom
in July 177 J, the third son of William,
Earl of Clancarty, by Anne, eldest
' ter of the Right Hon. Charles
ner, and tister to Luke, Vi^t'outit
Mounljoy, He wai brotber to the late
Arc^hbishopof Tuam, to the bte Richard,
Earl of Clanctrtv, G. C.B., Ambafsador
lo the NethertonJ^, wul to the late Co-
Ictnel Hun. Sir Robert Ic Poer Trench,
K.C.B,| ond K.T.S. He ii^ made a

Lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1793;
promoted to the rank of Commander in
1791); to that of Pobt Captjun 180*2;
and to that of Rear- Admiral 1840. In
1819 he waft appointed Secretary to the
Board of Customs and Port Duties in
Ireland. Admiral Trench was twice
married ; tirst in 1800, to Sarah, daughter
of John Loftu* Cuppage, c«q. By that
lady he bad i,^^ue two soii« and one
daughter; and secondly, in Jan. 1837,
Margaret, widow of Arthur Handcock,
esq., brother to the present Lord Cottle-
fnaine, youngest daughter of Dawson
Downing, esq., of Rowgift. county Lon-
donderrj'. By (his Jady ho al&oliad issue.

15. In Portn]an-*quare» aged 78, the
Bight Hun. Benjamin Bluomtield, Baron
Bloomfield, of Oiikbampton and Red-
wood, in the county of Tipperary.G.C B.
and G.C. H., a Privy Councillor, a Lieu-
tenant-General m liic army» Colonel
Commandant of the Royal Horse Artil-
Ifry, and Governor of Fort Charles,
Jamaica. Lord BlonmAeld waa bom on
the 13th of April, 1768, and wa* the only
son of Jtdvn Bloenilield, e»q., of Newport,
CO. Tipperary, He obtained hi* Com-
mi&iion as a aeeond Lieutenant in the
Artillery on the 24th cd" May, 1781 ; was
advanced to the mnk rif Finit Lieutenant
on the 2lRt of November, 1787; and to
that of Cnptain on the 9th of September,
M94. Having received an important
apixiiiTtraeiit in civil life forty years ago.
Lord Bloomtileld ha3 all through his long
career been regarded more qa a courtier
and a diplomatist than o^ a military olli-
eer. In the year 1806, he heeaine a
gentleman attendant upon the PHnee of
Wales, afterwards George I V. ,and, ^leedily
attaining n higher degree of royal favour,
hU promotiou was rapid. Hij u^^eful
qualities were very soon perceived by
the Prince, w*ho gf«edily advancetl hiin
to the rank of Chief Equerry and Clerk
Marshal ; and in tlie year 1 8 15 he received
the luinour of knighthood* Sir John
M*Mahon had for many years enjoyed in
a remarkable degree the eonfidenee of
George IV., but a* cverj' period of court
favour mu»t sooner or later reach its ter-
mination. Sir John found tt nece««ry,
in the year 1817, to resign; and Sir
Benjamin BbHomtield succeeded Itim at
Receiver-General of the Duehy of Corn-
wall, Keeper of the Privy Pune, and
fMvate Secresary to hi» patron, who was
(hen Prince Regent; at the iame (itne
Sir Benjamin was sworn a member of ihc
Privy CouDcIL For a period of five

T 2

AKNUAL KEGISTER, ISlC.

DKATUa— Aug,

^icriMlMfdfiiUy
f dw doAes of *
t» ICMOei Plttti-
B miiifffaufy to
^Bon vIhcb occb>"
iiKiiBa ^ A a«ll
A. Oa ysretarn
, lo Ike tmak of «

i^iMHiii WBjiBHri9iv»uiiM0 ogram^
^ ^ ifc» gHk R*> 181 1> Ciiiii Cum
I II ll t^lhtilil N»r.l8n«lMor*
GmkmI ■ ^OTfoi tl»M J«MtlS14

ll ioft «oi mtA mmtt imm «Acr Mi le-
taia ftvvi 8««4eB tal Ih look Ifce cooi-

■Md«fte Ifcwd KiMLWiMI of AltilfctT,

ilTiiiiVrfcyiiiBmrrr

Mil #V twMj vCHna awMii gCACnl (food.

fit m^ ttO foMMtC of ttl^ iCglOMOtftl

WM IM Afinjf wvioli e3Clc<iabd ovvr a
MfM af Mti^Nf vie raira. Uxd Bloom*
M «mrd. Scfpi. 7, 1797. Hvrkt, eld.
oft uNmhUr of iiJhn Douste^ e«q., of
QmilMim yncolaiibire. «nd by f hat Udr,
hIm ll Rw^ «l liMWton Court P^rk,
%m bmk iMMe om soq and thive daughtcn.
la Al the Gun Whiff, Chatham,
t(K«4 83, iJiHit.-Gcoenil Geocijfe %Viilf,

bltf Ct^KvH-lof i!

c 8ih UfUf.:'

" •: val

Ar1*li**ry, lit j.r

1

1 ■►rt

j^l. Itiiiip, !ts M-

.. ihe

INW liidu "»l

"11

|||M»C« «o U A

imMU the

•)h^ ht* ^

btlM W«>t t<

•miMf

l«179tf

1»I*0C«

MRiJf

itT

Chades Mllner, e$o . » i^i^ed 76. Sir CK
Wefherell, Kol., fonoeriy Attonwf
ncnl to KifKg Geor^ th^ Foonk.
Cliariec wai th« third K>n of the 1
Rev. Nathan Wctherell, D. D,. Df^
Hereford^ and for more thftn hall* cm
Muter of Unjvemtjr CoUe^ Oil
Wnm his carlieft yemn be wu deil
for a learned rifol^cmoo. When i
fi teen, he «&« adraitted as a cornreocM
UniTersItjF College, Jan. 14, 1786;
ia dut yeir or the nest he iras cled«
a deioUhip of Mazdaiene CoUegt^
the aommasioii of likhop Horoe, i
naa a pertonal friend of his &lher. '
look hii degree of B.A. June % 11
and in 1790, being then in the 21st ]
of hk age, he -hju adiutlted a ^u«iel
Ifae Inofff Temple, and bj tJaat aoeieM
called to the bar on the 4lfc of J
1704. At the outset of his pi
cu«er he commined the greia mii
fMcaeiitiog himtelf fo*- •--'•♦- -e at
op]iuiioii4aw bar, for kin^

leafning, and peculiar t aj^ht

limiii[,r. were tot^liy uuiiiitxi^ Tli
htmetcr, were the rerv ibm^ which
coauneiided him ta Lord Eldon* )
llioQght never the none of an adro<
Jbr being over- learned or uselessly ell
latc. He wislied well \o the son of
old friend, ilic Master of Uuivernlf
vrhieh college be and his brotlier had 1i
fdlotts; be reli«bed the aacienl traditk
jokes of his ofiaa maCrr, reproduced
the quaiQt and £uiciful gui»e with wl
Mr. Weiherell iiivesfted them. No rel
meat of iai^nulty was in those daji
Milled to the C5ourt of Cfaancerj,
wiety of humao leamiog beyond
range, no amount of human oratory oq
exhatiM the patience or disturb the U
per of that tribunal. In the Tear IC
Lord ElJoQ Cr^ - ! the Gl

Seal, and in a \ ne afterwi

Mr, Wethcrell a^ , -If with g|

enerey, and proponionate success to
stud/ of the equity branch of the U
profir^on* Fortunate wa$ it for him 1
he irradually bedmc a stranger in
r Mirts of Kiog't Bench aud ComQ
III-; the foiicilor, in Chancery It
t!i ,t he had the ear of the Court/ and
bu'^tncjs cufttinued lo improve stead
utitil in 18 IG hennas appomled a Kii
f ou»«el. with a patent of preceded
'K he hdd then been at the bar cwo-a^
^iy years; and he th r ' ^ ' A
*,l btUer enJilled to be * I

•1 of the Crown thau
a Shepherd or ~ ~~

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 277

DEATHS— Arc.

who At that time respectively held
the office* of Attorney and Solicitor- Gene-
ral* Althoiij?h he received every possible
cocourageaienl from Lord Eldon in the
Court of Chancery, yet as regarded the
inatler of legal patronage he seemed aU
way* Co con&idcr himsetf gnrievously neg-
leefedi and apparently in a (it of despe-
ration he resolved (o seize one great occa-
sion of provii]|j to the profei^ioti and to
the world that his iotelleclual stature
towered far ahove that of bim who ihtn
held the position of ehief advocate to the
King:. In the year 1817, Wat*on, Preston,
Thistlowood and others, were indicted for
the Spa- fields riots, which took place in
the latter end of the precedinjf year. Mr,
Wetherell underiwi>k ihe defence of Wat-
ton; Mr* Serjeant Copley, now Lord
Lyndhursti appeared for Thi^llcwood ;
and Mr Holt, afterwards Vice- Chance I lor
of the Duchy of Lancaster, for two of the
other prisoners. In the defence of the)*©
men Mr. Wetherell was, therefore, the
leadinj? counset ; and very ehiborate ex-
cuses bate been put forth to palliate the
apparent ineonsisttjnry of a sirong Tory
becoming the advocate of Radicals — that
he, the Lord Chancellor'* friend, should
fiercely asaail the Government, .seemed to
tome men an offence that rec|uircd an
ample apology : but the public ought to
have known that every Knglisbman has
an indefea.«thlc right to (be service*^ of anv
practis-itjg barristf*r, — at tbo same time it
must be admitted that Mr. Wetherell waa
no reluctant advocate. This ^hort excur-
Koa of his into a court of criminal juris-
diction was perfectly volnntarv, and in
taking that »tep he Heems to nave been
ioflueneed by mixed motives. Ilerct^nrded
with feeling* of generous inrlignation the
lystem of tspifmaifc hy wliicli that inemo-
rable prosecution was supported. He re-
tuUed to eclipse tlie Crown lawyers, to
tMiRle the Home Secretary, to resist the
Chief Justice, and to rebuke the Prime
Minister, who occupied a seat on the
l»ench throughout the whole trial. These
ob|ect^ he accomplished, hut he did not
succeed in then aequinng the confidence
of the Adminisi ration, and he was still
, obliged to pursue the rtmtine of his pro-
I Ibasional labours without being able to
atarni or to conciliate the Government of
tJje day. It wa* in vain, however, that «hc
Government coniinucd to withhold its i>a>
tronage from such a man a? Mr. Wetlie-
rell J his professional fame was not de-
pendent on Court favour. In suits atfect-
ing corporation rights; in weighty causes

which demanded varied knowledge, black-
letter reading, or much grasfi of intelket,
he was most frequently retained ; and n^it
only the Court of Chancery, hut the bu^i-
ne.^s of Parliamentary committees the
Frivy Council, and the House of Lords
bore ample lesitimony to the qua! ifi cations
\\hich gave him an elevated rnnk in the
profession of the law. Still bo was impro-
TOoled and even unplaced. He wanted lo
be the King's Attorney- General, and
finally the Keeper of bis Majesty'* Con-
science; jci h** was four-and-tweniy years
at the bar before he adopted I be usual
method of accomplishing those objects.
For the first time he obtained in 1818 a
seat ill Parliament a<* member for the
borough of Shaftesbury: hut he never
acquired any great influence with the
Hou*e. The Liberals sneered at hisex*
treme Toryism ; neither was bia political
creed \cry palatable to his own j^urty,
whose doctrines of government were gra-
dual ly giving way under the enlarged
views and bold leaderiihip of Mr. Canning.
Mr. NVeiherell was, therefore, treated by
both sides of the House a< a whimsical
pedant rather than a formidable debater;
Ids slovenly attire, uucooth gesinrcp, piitch-
work phraseology, fanciful illuslralionF,
odd theories, recondite allusions, and old-
faiihioned jokes, tempted men to call him
a buffoon when they ought to have ad-
mired his ingenuity, reverenced his learn-
ing, and honoured hia consishteiicy.
During the first Parliament of the rei|m
of George IV., namclv, fro ml 820 to 1826,
Sir Charles Wetherell reprcacnted the city
ofOx^^rd; subscqui^nlly hesatfor Plymp*
ton until 1830, when he was elected lor
Bor*uglibridge, which was disfrancliised
hy the Reform Act, Upon the consum-
naalion of that great event he ceas<fd to be
a legislator* The principal subjects upon
which Sir Charles exercised his talents
as a debater, were the Reform in Chan-
cery, the Kroancipalion of the Roman
Catholics, Reform in Parliament, in the
Church, in ridvers^ities, or in Munici['al
Corporations. Upon these subjecti* he
was a strenuous and uncompromiaing
supporter of the existing state uf thin^.
The natural and just ambition entertained
by the subject of thi* memoir to Iwcome
a' law-officer of llie Crown was grntitiud
on the 3l8t Jati, 18*24, when he received
the appointment of Solicitor- Generah
together with the honour of knighthwnl,
and in IgiSC he fiuccecded to the Altor^
ney- Generalship, an office ivhich he ilid
not retain longer than the 30th of Aprft

I

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHS Arc.

zeal knew no abatemem. Erfc c
c\n§e of the fiiiaJ obten-cioM vais
afidrmwd to the old PtfliajDesL bj i:
hausfible humour did dck 6e»er bo-
ho Mt down exolaimiD?. " Toi b
U«t dvintr iKT>eech and coJem-yz R
memlK^r for Boroushhridce. ** The C!
<>u$ oppmsition offered by Sr Chi^it
ihi« meaisure crave rise to i Dn»r
mta.«trophe. He had lonz be^ i ;-=
office, to which he had been elerwa
niiinioxpal coipontioo — that cf R«j
f f Hrist'i]. H» able, ftreDooa&. nd
soivrinij opposition to ihe nj'mjs^
Lord tirey, and ejtpeciallr i^ thf 2
mrafurc of Parliameni^n* itfim.
rondtTc*! him rxoeediogljriinfopuhr.
wlien the period approaciied for b^
the October Ses.sions of 1831 in hri<
w.if intimated to Sir Charle» thii i:
tlion \ iMted tliat city in the uanl mai
liis pre«ence might' be ibe fienal k
\or\ MTtmn cxpreffiion of [lopulir fcfi
it v.* A for actual disturbance and :
rnuiliin>r to jshrink from the diftit
of a public (iuty, but careful at the ^
time not to take any step likely to in
nipt the poai-e of a community Viih »!
lit' W.1* •» chiscly cfinnectcd, he conu
I.or.i Melhiuimc. then Home Secn't:
With the full unction nf that Minii
and aAlt much deliberation, he ivm-*!
t» pn>ctt*rl to Bristol, an 1 the *<**»!
wcTv ojHMiod with the u«ual prof t!**i.>n ^
utlior formalities ciccordinp to immerao
*» • ... V. , ; .1 ; Mr iisiL'e. When .Sir Charlc$ entered

» ■ ■»•.*. . . !. T :■.» rit\ l.i-j carriai.'c was surn^undod by

• *.-I: I .ir i I) r'liriaied multitude. He, and the or
^ .'..'.• .v. i»- f«r|»i>rato aiithoritie:;. were faooteti. w

'^ « • . -. I M :'. to jiMird with st'ini'« ; and it wnj with

* *.:4; :i >!i. ti.-.. i.tinosl ditficiilty that they were pn>tec
v.- ' . ^ ■. !..;.; t.>?e. from the mnrderons race of their aMu

' • . k-. . ' :* n: I'tvlii'* .'int>. who pursued them tirst to the etn

»* . ■ .. .. \. 1 . r ^v*\i'te in whieh the se-sitions were to be opeu<

« - . «. . !l. « . . i lit in\, anil Nub^etpiently (o the Mansion flou

.■ ..'..J^uve. AU III the (inirse of the following* day a

• " • ! '. V 1 xp.'M'il niirlit. riots rn^ue«l, of a charaetiT unf

■••■•*■ ' .. .x;.i.»i' j:r|i'|>ji- r.dU'lt'd >inee tho^i'of whieii Lord Geor

• • • »*..». ». , *. .:..•!..' KMrntn;:. ( i onion wa* the leader. It was not vil

' ' •' ■' . .1 . ». i'-.^«.l hinnonr out jrn'jit dilTiculty that the Record

^•!.|^ »».:•..! ,'.'. h." i.v'k hiH jvnt esea|H-d with his life, but the city Has in I

■■ •■■*■ ■■.l'»*- I. W.I* *iu i»' true that j>ov.(s<ion of the riotern, many bou«es W(
I'i, ..' .. i», « -.1 -m ..t ill*' luiti.m often facked and burnt, and many lives la«t. T
:,. ».}i..l »ui!i N„ rimli-H. hut ilii'N s-ime- firmne>» of Sir Charles was not thaki
\ .!,.> Iiu.ilud ,ii hun ; hi«. nunnr-r was hy the?e events: he retained his office w
,..;.j m.l wI.ihi»1imI. .iiiiI hi-. •* words of continued to fultil its duties until h
I. .ni.,d K-iiflli ami ihiindtMintf si»nnd" death. In 18.*)0 he was ap|iointedeoun9
*»•«»» M'd Miilinu-nlH whi.h the young to the I'niversity of Oxford, on .Mr. Sc
iti.'i.o. .1 of tin- i\}rv were supposed to jennt Bo«iiiquet% becoming a Judce
II n ttd AH .iiiti.jn.ited and jihMird. To the the Common Pica*. He was created s
Uiti.i uiouHMit, however, his indo»^" ' honorary D.C.L. at the installation of il

!h. • '.i

•W ■!

!£ ^ ; a*

wrTi'Ti

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I

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 279

DEATHS.— Aua.

tors are to invest l,OilCMl, the interest to
be <*xpendL'd tri bread and clothe* for the
poor of Wvbunbiiry, Che*ter? and by his
will he exprc'>*lyiiiri't't« ihat tablet?< iliall be
ori*eted in Ashted ehfipi4 and Wjbunbury
churth, descriptive of dieso gift.^. There
are nuuierous bequeists to his family and
frit-nfU. The person sd estate waa esli-
raated for duty at 45,000/.

19. In Wilton Crescent^ havmg com«

J Duke of Weill npton^ 1834, and short Ir

[before bis deadr was nominated De|ntty

1 Steward of the University. It was not

I until Sir Charles Wetherell had rcachfid

[ihe ag'e of tifty-six, anJ afl^ceIlded to the

itligbefl station at the bar, that be con.

rtreded matrimony. On the I28th Dee.

L]826) at >!tutfley Priory^ Uxfordsbire, he

f«ffpoui«d hiscoastni June Surah Elizabeth,

Ithe H^eond daughter of Sir Alexander

Croke; but lier ladyi-ibip died withnut

fiurvivinjT iRsine on the iiJst of April, 1831.

Sir Charles then remained n widower for

seven Yean ; and bI lenpth, when be

wantetl only one year of beinpf 'Mbreo

•core nnd ten," on Ihe *27ih Nov» 1838,

he married Harriet Elizabeth, rhe second

dnUjE:hter of the Inte Colonel Wameford,

I of VV' am eford place, in Wtltshin*. Of

I that marriage there was no issue ; and the

I leeond Lady Wet here M survires her hui-

1 band. Sir Charles Wethereirs death was

occasioned by an accident ivbieli fu'curred

[ on the 1 0th of Aufziiat. He had been to

i to view an i'sUite he hjni thought

f purebasiDg, and slept at the Stnr Inn,

iiditfiTte, on the tiigbt of Sunday the

f9th. On rbo moroiniBr of Monday* the

J iCHhj he ordered an open fly to proceed

to Rochester. Me got ont^ide on rench-

l Injr Rocky Hill, and on approaebing the

back eniraoce to Mr. Milner's, Pre»ton

Halt, the mare ^ai her tail over (be rein«,

y and on fbe driver loos«?ning Ihem to di^'

i entan|2te them iiatu rally slightly in created

^ her pace, 1*bifi appareTitly fritjhfcned Sir

Charles, who caught hold of ihe off rein,

I tnd immedijtely the hor*e stjirtcd, drew

• the carriage over a heap of slonc*. and

I overturned it. Sir Charles fell on the side

\ of his head ; he partly recovered ^en>i-

i bility on the fourth day, hut subsequently

relapsed, and died on Monday the 17th.

A coroner's jury returned their verdi..1,

** Death from concussion of the brain,"

17. JohnMiTiittingham, esq,, of Ash^ted,

fhear Brrmin|k;ham. He has bequeathed

jlo his several tenants ibe hou!*ei* they re-

l^pectively necupied, whether frechfdil or

lleaaehobi, except four freeholds, which he

' «Te8 to hi< residunry legatees. To the

[Qiioen'« Hospital at Birmingham l.tXHJ/. $

Co the General Hospital LOOOA ; to the

} Birmingham Di>pen»Bry ],00l^. ; to the

Deaf and Dumb ln«;tttntion, Edgbaflton,

l.tMHV, J to the trustee* of Ai-bled Cha|>el,

[2,tK.ICV., the interest to be expended in

I bread and clothes for the poor of Duddle-

^ flon and NechelU, in thGi>arish of Aston;

Abo bequeaths WOt, for the erection of a

dock to Ashted Chapel, and his execu*

tdeted bin 7(Hb year, bin Excellency Baron
bed el, Envoy Ext raonlt nary and Minis^
ter Plenipotentiary from the King of the
Netherlands. Baron Dedel was a|>poiiited
to till the post of minister at the Hrin^h
Court in 1833, having been previously
engaged in similar duties at several of the
enntinentfli Courts* He mixed much in
English society, and was on terms of in-
timacy wilh ficveral members of (he no-
bility, including the late Lord Montagu,
the la(e Lady Holland and others, whose
deaths, fto rapid in succession) had, \l was re-
porledt the effect of accelerating his own.
2L At Taplow Hotme, near Mjiiden-
hcad, the Most Hon. William O'Brient
second Marquess of Tbomond (]800)»
six(h Earl of Inchiqnin and Baron of
Burren, county Clare (IC.54>, eleventh
Baron of Inchtquin (1536), Baron Tad-
caster, of Tadca^ter, York«^hire (1 826 J, a
Rfpteisienlative Peer and Privy Councillor
of Ireland, Knight of St. Palnck, Colonel
of the Cork City Militia, and Aide dc-
Camp to the tjoeen, a Governor of the
county Cork, and a Trustee of the Linen
]Mnnnf«cture. He was the eldest son of
Edward O Brien, esq , brtuher to the fir^t
Marque«e. He etilered tlie armv at a
very early nge, served in ihe 12th foot at
the taking of Guadalotipe and St. Lnde,
and afterwards proceeded to the Ea*t
Indies, He subsequently exchanged into
the 14lh Dragoons, wi(h which regiment
he saw some service. He retired from
the army in IIHW, having succeeded la
the peerage on the death of his uncle,
who died on the lOlh Feb. that year,
by a fall from his bor«c in Grosvenor-
square. In 1814 the late Marqueta was
gomtnaied a Knight of St. Patrick ; in
1316) he was elected a Representative
Peer of Ireland; and tn 18*20 he waa
created a Peer of (he Cniletl Kinsdum by
the title of Baron Tadcimter. He mar-
ried, Itith Sent, 1709, Elizabeth, only
daughter and heiress of Thomas Trotter,
esq., of Duleck, by whom he bad issue
four da»Khters, 'fbe Marquess having
died without male issue, bis peerage of the
United Kingdom has liecome extinct,

280 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHS.— Aug.

Hi* Jiffiiiti* s of the Linc^^om of Ireland
ha*e devo.Wil o«i In* only ^univini; bro-
ther. V*iv-e- Admiral Lord Jaiiics O'Brien,
G.C.H.

— Ar Lie ^tt Hou«o, aeod 8:^ Lady
EUi:>bo:h Sht'lloy, rellrt of Sir Timoth}
She If \, l^,iit-. nf Fielil-i'lace. Sussex,
mnthor of il;e late Percy By>*hc Shelley,
the p"Ot.

— At Stamford villas. Fu'.hara-mad, in
his G*Jd \ear, Alfred .lohn Krmpts e<q.,
F. S. A. Mr. Ktinpe w.isthe only son of
John Konj|H\ rs.i.. of hi* Majesty's Mint,
and br-^thor of Mrs. Anna Eliza Bray,
fonnerly Mr>. C hare* Stothard. whose
historical novels have im]>arted a wide
celobritN to her name. Mr. Kempe was
greatly tsteiMr.ed for his antiquarian re-
searehe*, «>f whieh he contributed to the
•* Archavloiii.i,'" and to the " Gentleman's
Mair»2ine,*' many very interesting mc-
mtnrs. He edited in 18;36 the valuable
colkvtion of paiK'rs called " The I^seley
Manus^'ript*," and ctMitributed the letter-
press \o his bn>ther.in-l;iw"> beautiful
work tlie *' Monumental Ellipcs."

— In Morninjzton -place, Ilampsteail-
road. aced ol, Mr. .Mtnd Freebaim,
engraver.

•23. At Barton Hall, aped 69, Jane,
widow of Sir Thomas Prision, Bart., of
Beeston Hail.

-4. \t Llantillo Crossenw, Frances
Elizabeth, daughter of the late Riohard
Lewis, esq., of the same place, and widow
of Mr. Serjeant Taddy. Ancient Serjeant
and Attorney- General to the Queen
Dowasn^r.

— At Lausanne, the Uiijht Rev. Mi-
chael Henry Thonihill Luscombe, LL.D.,
a Bishop of the Kpi^cojuil Church of
Scotlami, and Chaplain to the British
Embiissy at Paris. This amiable and
resf>ecti*d prelate was the son of a physi-
cian at Kxeler; receiving his early edu-
cation at the fn*e grammar school there,
he nroiveded to the Uni\ersity i>f Cam-
bridge, lH»a>ming a member of Catharine
Hall. On being ordained, he acci*pted
the curacy of Clewrr, near Windsor, and
in 1SI)6 was appointed Ma<terof the East
India College SchiM)!, in Hertford>hire,
which institution he conducted lor some
years with abilitv and success, at the
same time ' Curate of St.
Andre w*s, ^ing to some
diflSculties r. Luscombe
took the ( ' Civil Law

. at Oxford he exerted

himself ei the seve-

ral religio stitutions

in the town, mnd was unremitting in I
zeal in urging the nece»ii j and vital ii
portance of ever uniting; the Natioii
Religion with NationfiJ Educifion. D
Luscombe resigned his school and cun
in 1819. and retired to the continent wi
his £ifnily, and settled at Caen, and m
sequently at Paris. lo 1824 be remnn
to this country ; and in the following yes
with the sanction of Mr. Canning, tlii
Secretary of State, was consecrated
Bishop of the Episcopal Church ot Sec
land, with a view to render bimfelf do
useful on the continent by administerii
the rite of confinnation, and other oflSe
of the Church, from the want of mbk
the French Protectants had long f
great inconvenience. In the suUieque
year Bi^hop Luscombe was appointed i
'Mr. Canning chaplain to the KmbsvT
Paris, which he held to the time of 1
death. While in the discharge of k
duties in this situation, his eameit ende
▼ours in the cause of Protestantism nev
flagged. By his unwearied exertions I
accom|>lishtKl an object which be had kM
had much at heart, and in April 1833 tl
Bishop had the satb&ction of Isying tl
foundation stone of the first Episcop
Church ever built in Paris, in the groui
bought for that purpose in the rt
d'A^ruesscau, FauDourg Sl Hoirar
Bi>hop Luscombe's mind was endowc
with many intellectual accoroplishmenti
his manners of great suavity and urbac
ity. Besides some smaller publicatioc
and several single sermons, the Bisbo
published, in 1825, a volume of Sermm
translated from the French by Protestai
Divines on the Continent ; and about th
same time the " Pleasures of Society,
Poem," 8vo. This poem contains man
striking passages of great pathos and sin
plicity. He was also the first projector c
the ** Christian Remembrancer,** and
frequent contributor to its pages. Bisbo
Luscombe married Miss Harmood, onl
daughter of Henry Harmood, esq., a Con
missioner of the Navy, by whom he ha
left an only surviving daughter.

25. At 'Cheltenham, in his dOlh yeai
Sir Justinian Vere Isham, the 9th EUrt,c
Lamport. Northamptonshire ( 1627). H
was the elder son of the late Sir Jiwtiniai
Isham, who died on the 26th March
1845, by Marj-, daughter of the Rev. S
Close, of Elm Park, county Armagh.

— In Upper Hariey-street, aged 80
Daniel Stuart, esq., of Wykeham Park
Oxfordshire. This gentleman was i
veteran member of the political prcsi

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 281

DEATHS Sept.

being the yimn|»er brother of Mr. Peter
Stuart, who Ftarled the Hrst dai]y evening:
paper, the Star^ in 1 7HH, in con*ei|uence
of the incrcri^ed facilities nf communiua-
lion I hen laJely ef>mrnenced by the adop-
tion of Palraer's mail-cfiatb sy^'iein. The
nme gf^ntlem.in m 179a purchased for
80t the copyright of ttie Orach news-
f»aper, then selhtig 800 daily ; and Mr.
Daniel Stuart soon after joined with his
brolher in ptirehasing the Mormmj Post^
llie eireutation bcin^ then only 3jO per
diem, for 6tX)/. By the FpHnjf of 175)7.
Mr. Stuart trad raised the number sold
of the Morninff Post to IWX) a diy. The
Morning Heratd and the Times had been
the leading papers ; thtry were then much
neglected* and the Morning Past, by
vlgttance and activity, now threw them
both into the back^ound. It took a
strong part a^ain&t Buonapartp during the
Femx of Amiens,— a popular eourje, and
whidi materially contributed to its success.
Mr, Stuart also effected an iiiereitse in
the ?alc by the purchase of two momitij^
papers, the Gazeftetr and the TekfiTapfu
By these meansi ihe Morning Post be-
came a journal of considerable inlluence
&nd circulation, Mr. Stuart afterguards
became fiart -proprietor of the Covrier.
In Ibis patter be also gave a miabfied
support to the Guvemment, when Mr. Pitt
bad returned topr)wer»and after Mr. Pitt's
death. From that time-* indeed^ the
Cti^Ufitr was considered a ministerial
paper* and by defifrees even an orcran of
gn*ernment» From these successful un-
dertakings, liU, Stuart retired into private
life with an ample furtuoc.

26. At OJd Warden, aged 36. the
Hon» Frederick Henley Onglcy, funilh
surviving son of the late, and brother of
the present, Lord Onpley.

27, At Holyrood House, Edinburgh,
ajfed 73, the liiglit H^m, Thomas Lyon
Bowea, Earl of Strathmore and King-
hom. Viscount Lyon, Lord Glamis, Xm-
nadyee, Sydlaw» and Stradichtie, His
Lordship was bom May 3, 1778, the
third and younge*t son of John Dowe«,
the ninrh Earl^ by Mary Eleanor, only
dnuirbter and heir of Gt^cirgc Bowei, esq,,
of Gibfide, county Durham. In the year
J810 be served the office of High Sheriff
of the county of Leicester. He auc*
ceeded to the peerage July S, 1820, on
the death of bi» brolher John, the tenib
Earl. His L*>rdjjhip was three limes rair-
ried : bis clde*t *Ofj, VUcounl G lam is,
died in 1834, leaving two son*, of whom
tbc eldest succeeds to the title*

30. At Blaekadder, aged 90. Sir Ro-
bert Presiton, Bart,, of Valley-field, Perth-
shire, and Lutkin, Somerset* and of Syd-
ney-pJ ace, Bath*

SEPTEMBER.

L Aged 48, Mr. G. Wynn, comedian,
once a favourite RCtnr. The losf of hl»
left hand some years sin re, by the burst-
ing of a pim which he di*charged at^ome
rier?ons he su[>po?>ed to be breaking into
iU bouse, caused his partial retirement
from the pmfcwiion,

2, At Buckbold (Pnissian Westpha-
lia), His Highness Prince Flarentin Wil-
li iara, reigniuf Prince of Sal m- Sal m.

5. On board bis yaieht the Kestrel, at
Vigo, on (he coa.4t of Portugal, aged fi3,
the Right Hon, Charles Anderaon Pelbara,
Earl of Yiif borough, and Burr>n Worslcy
of Apuldercombe in the Isle of Wight
(1837), second Baron Yarborough, of
Yarhorouah, Lincolnshire fl794)> Vice-
Admiml of the coa^t of ihe Isle of Wig^ht
find county of Suuthampton, D, CX.,
F, R. S,,and F.S. A- His Lordtbip was
bom Aug. 8, 1781, the elder son of
CharieA, first Lord Yarhorougb, by Sophia,
only daughter and heir of George Au-
frere, esq., of Chelsea, and received his
education at Trinity College, Cambridge,
For mtiiuy years he was one nf the mem*
hers for Lincolnshire, which his father had
previously represented, being firstretum^ed
in IH07t on the Whijj interest. In 1818
a ijccond Whig candidate was proposed,
but the old members were returned,
Mr. Pelham succeeded to the peerage
on the death of his father, Sept. *23, 1R23,
and was raised to the dignity of an Earl
on the 24ih Jan. 18^17, bv Viscount Mel-
boumc'a administratiDn, naving been al-
ways an ardent supporter of Whig prin-
ciple?. He did not, however^ give way to
the views of bis party on the Corn Laws.
He was also Vice* Admiral of the coast of
the h\e of Wight and county of .South-
ampton, and formerly Recorder of Grimsby
and Newport. His Lord*bip was, how-
ever, be»t known a^ Commodore of the
Royal Yafbt Squadron^ whirh command
he had held for a long series of yearst
during which the members of the squadron
have had fej>eated instances of his lealous
superintendence, as well as of his princely
hospi (all ly. The Earl of Yarboron gh mar-
ried Aug.! 1, 1806, Henrietta Anne Maria
Chariortc, second daughter of the Hon,
John Bradgman Simpson (uncle to the
present Earl of Bradford), and sole heir

282 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHS.— Seft.

-li

to her unolp, the Right Hon. Sir Richard
Wornlcy, Bart.; and bv that lady, who
died Jiinr :)0, IHI*% he had iMue two font
and two dauirhtors. His Lordship w suo-
rceded in hi-^ titles and princely estates
by his oldest fion, the Uiuht Hon. Lord
\i'<iral»'y, M. P. for Lincolnshire.

At .St<»rkholin, Lady Ausruhta Bondc,

!>rcon(i d-iii$;hter of the late Earl of Mun-
»ter, and {irund-flan^riitor of his late Ma-
jesty William IV. She was bom on the
iWst of .Inly, IR'2'2, and iv.-is married last
year to M. Hondc at Paris.

8. At St. Marcarrt s his roat near Isle-
worth. .Middlesex, aged 7<), the Most Hon.
Archibald Kennedy, Marquess of Ailsa,
of the Mo of Aiki,* Ayrshire ( 18iH ), and
Baron Ailsa of Ail>a ( 1H(H>). in the peer-
a>re of the United Kingdom : l'2th Earl
of Ca*Mlis (1509), and J4lh Baron Ken-
m»dv ( \4ji2\ in the jM-eracc of Scotland ;
a Baronet i»f Nova Scotia (I68'2), K.T.,
and K. R. S. His Lordship was bom in
1770. the elde-t son of Caot. Archibald
Kennedy, K.N., aftcrwnrd'* 11th Earl of
C'a<silis, by his second wife Anne, dandfli-
ter of John Watts esq., of New York.
The deceased nobleman raised in I7JK),
during the War of the Revolution, an
independent company of Foot, and was
afterwards Liciit- Colonel of the West
Lowland Fcncible rcfriment ; and in 17i>')
became Lord Kennedy, on his father's
8uc('eedin«r a distant cousin in tlie ))ecraue.
On the death of liis father Dec. 30, 17J>4,
he became Earl of Cas^ilis. At the ge-
neral election in 180"2 he was chosen one
of the sixteen representatives of tlie .Scot-
tish pccratre. On the 4tli Nov. I80G, he
wa«« created a p<'er()rthc Tnitcd Kinjrdom
by the title of Baron Ailsa. He was In-
vested with the cjrder of the Thistle, .July
17.18-21 ; and, at the coronation of King
William the F<»urih Cone of whose daugh.
tors was married to his younger son), he
was by patent dated the 10th Sept. 1831,
advjinced to the dignity of a Mar(|uess,
tojrcther with the late .Marquess <»f Bread-
alhane. His Lordship generally supported
the Whie party, and voted in favour of
the Rcf(»nn Bill upon the decij-ive division
of the 1 4th of April, la'hJ. The Marquess
of Ailsa married, June 1, 1703, Margaret,
youngest daughter of J(»hn Erbkine. esq.,
of Dun, Forfarshire ; and by that Ia<ly
had issue two sons, who arv both decea*«(l,
and four daughters : the ehlesi -on Archi-
bald, Earl of Cassilis, who died Aug. 12,
1832, in his 38lh year, left issue by Elea-
nor, only child of Alexander Allardice,
»q., of Dunnotter, Kincardineshire,

Archibald, now MuqueM of Afln, a
■ererel other children.

9. At Leamingtoo, aired 7&, Abb. iri
of Vice-Adm. Sir ThoOM Boiii
Thompson, Bart., G.C.B.

11. At HofT Caple Ptewnige, a
Ross, Herefordshire, in the 70ih ym
his aire, the Rer. Henir Aothoar S
lingflcet, M. A. He was the cldal m
tho liev. James Stillingfleef, prcbnA
of Worcester, and great-greaHpiiMlnt
the learned Dr. Edward Siillingle
Bishop of Worcester.

12. At Malshanfrer, near Bannpld
aged 61. the Rij^ht Hon. Sir Cia^
Theophilus Metcalfe, Baron .Mrtcahr,
Fern-hiil, Berkshire (1925), and 1
third Baronet (1802) ; a PrifT Corned
and G.C.B. His Lordship was bo
Jan. 80. 1785, the second son of J
Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, of Feral
in tho irarish of Winkfield, BerUure,
Director of the Eam India Coopai
who was created a Baronet in 180S2. i
Susannah Sophia Selina, dau^bler
John Debonnaire, c*9q., and widow
Major Sm^th. In 1800, Mr. Mrdal
received his appointment as a writer
the pervice of the Eart India Compu
and quitted Europe at the early age
fifteen. His advancement, probabiydi
in the first instance to the influence of li
family, was very rapid. At the Sfe <
sixteen he received the appointment i
assistant to the resident with Dowlut Uo
Scindieh, the resident being LordCowkn
In Oct. 1802 he bec-amc assistant in ti
Chief Secretary's oflicn; in leM tba
seven months from that time — nanieh
on the 4th of April, 1803 -we find hu
an a.«si:^ant in the Governor- Genenl
office ; and early in tho year 1806 he si
transferred to the ofllice of the Commandn
in- Chief. On the 15th of Auj;. in tb
same year, he hccame first aa«i«tant to th
HritiMh resident at Delhi, and on tlie29ll
of Aujcr. 1808. lie proceeded to Lahore
At that time the growing power and Icr
ritorial encroachments of the late Runjce
Sin^h induced lA)rd Minto, then Go
vemor- (general of India, to send a i
to the court of Lahore, the object of i
wa^ to fiecure the Sikh states between tb
Sutlej and Jumna rivers from the graip o
Runjeet. He selected Mr. AfetcaUc
though then a very young man, only jus
twenty. two, for tliat'diflRcult undartakin^
and he was authorised to announce th(
unpalaubie fact that those estates wen
token under British i)rotection. He wai
however, supported by the march towaid

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS.
'Ihe Bnlltj of a body of DriURh troops
under the command of Colonel (after-
wardf General) Oohterlony. The man-
BBrenient of the negotiation was attended
with t-nnsidemblo difficulty; but Mr.
Jblctcalfet by tact and lirnines«T couipliitely
mtccGcded ; and a treaty^ concluded in
y^pri), 1800, which rceogni*c;d the inde-
pendence of those utates, %¥as the re*uU.
%Viih this event it may be said that the
more distiti^ished portion of Mr. Met*
calfe*« career commenced ; and in the
coune of the next ten year^ we tind Itim
filling a succession of important offices t
until in 18t9he received the appointment
of lecrelary in the Secret and Political
Depittinent, alonpr with that of Private
ficcrctary to the Governor-ftcnemU fn
jH;it) he was appointed resident nt the
court of the Niaani. In 182*2 he suc-
ceeded his elder brtitber Sir Theofthilus
John Metcalfe, in the liaronetry. At the
do«e of 182.3 the slate of his health com-
pelled hira to leave Hvder.ibafJ. Hi*
tiestllh beings somewhat ivjttorcdt he re-
turned t*> active service in Auj^. I8'ij»
nnUen lie received the apfnointment of
Residetit and Civil Commissioner in the
Delhi territorie*; and two years aftcr-
wardi he became a member of the Su-
preme Council, The Presidency of the
Board of Ncvenue wna conferred on him
in July, 1828 ; and in Novemher, l&JJO.
be waa constituted Vtce-Prcsifietil and
Deputy- Go vemyr of Fort Wdliam, The
discharge of hist duties in that position
gave so inucii satisfaction that he was
«nlnisted with the Presidency of Afira, to
which he wa4 appointerl in 18»M. An
entertainment wa* given in Cairo ita upon
the occasion of Sir C. MetraVfc* depar-
ture for Affra ; and at that bi'mf|Ui?t Lord
i\S\ BetttiueW pronounced iihigh euloffiom
c»n blm. Ill Feb. 18:*^, Lord W. Ben-
iinck gave in his resipfnntion, and Sir
Charles Metcalfe was provisionally ap-
i»oi filed Governor- General, which office
he held till the 28th March, l8fJG. until
the arrival of Lord Auckland. In that
year he was nnade a C'vd Knight Grand
Cros» of the Bath. Duriny^ that short
priod Sir Charles* orijjinated, as well as
ftdoptedi icveral important measures —
namely, the issue of a uniform money for
all the presidencies, ihi' aholifioo of chow-
kics in Bcnpal— and, a *t»ll more import-
ant step, the hher.itiofi of thepre^* from all
restrictions. Thin laiit measure met with
uoiirersal eulo;;^y in IndiBf and rendered
pre-eminently popular amongst the
~ a«welt at turopeans. It, however,

CHRONICLE. 283

— Sept.

gave great nmbrai^e to the Court of Di-
rectors, and was the eventual cause of his
feaif^ation and return to Europe, thoujCfh
he had always declared his intention of
spendinjy his life m India, In the nmnth
of Siptemhcr, tB37, he ?igiiitied his in-
tention of withdraiving firom the public
service, and his retirement from Agra was
marked by every token of the public
sympathy and alfefition, incturling dinners,
ball*, addresses, and the presentation of a
maf^Tiificcnt piece of plate* By public
aubscription a statue was erected to his
honour, and sn address presented by the
community of A^ra, which styled him the
*' brig best ornament of the civil service."
Fitidinjf ihftt hi<* position with Te5f>ect to
the Court of Directors was very unsatis-
factory, Sir Charles withdrew from the
service of the Ivast Inilia Company mi
the *21 St of February, iHiM The repu-
tation, however, which he had acquired
was such, that ?ot«n after bis arrival in
England he wa^ sch^cted by the Ministry
lo succeed Sir Lionel Smith as Governor
of Jamaica. The Negro Emancipation
Act had recently been pa**ed. and Sir U.
Metcalfe encountered a difhcult task in
soothing the irritaliou and reconciling the
differences of the classes alfected hy that
measure. He proved eminently flucceas-
fui, and gave the grcate*it Miti*^faclion both
in Downmg-Ftreei and at Kingi^ion. The
climate of Jamaica proved unfavourable
lo his health, and, after a renideure in the
iislaod of tuo years, he was comjwlleil to
resign. The cnlnnisi» were much attached
lo him, and, in 1844, his statue was erected
in Spanish -town. He returned from the
We.'-t Ii^dich in 184 "2, ai!<i wa* almrnit
immediately selcctrd by Sir K. Peel to
wndcrl.ike the government of Canada^
which then pave considerable trouble lo
the Colonial Oflice. In this most difhcult
task, the great admint'»tmtive talents of
Sir C. Metcalfe, hi*i untiring industry,
and his nerve, w^rf again successful ; and,
having been enirusted wiib the huprcmo
direction of aflarrs when their admirii<(fra-
lion formed the most diHicolf problem in
the government of our colonies, he handed
over to his fucce«aoT a united province, in
which he had greatly mitigateil polilical
asperity, and in which he had brojidJy laid
the foundations of good order and ex-
pandincf civilisation. Hij^ labours hero
completed the ruin of a constitution that
had been weakened on the banks of the
Ganges, and further impaired by the un-
healthy climate of the Western hidics.
He returned home in 1846, after be had

Sfl

A V V I

AL REGISTER, 1846

DEATH

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t::.:.:^:-.: v^!.: :,:-. !. -i >i.:-

ry. liUl-

\i'::-.o. .-.:■ '1 i.;.*!.^ .ITrv* . > \:r.

>!.i-x]::o>*

of A:h ;:. ta:: o: T.:\ b^rv:.:;c

V;s.' ur.t

of Hil.'tJJi'.c-. I..:.: M-,:r-..y.

Ixil> or.:o.

arJ O—'x ; k»7r' , ><>i:*.:h l\.iri

of A-.h.^U

^llJtl^l*'. to:.lh K^rl of lu

I:.bariiin>

^ ItiOti >. anii Biron MLrrav of

Tu.iilvar-

dme \ ItkM «. .11 diffuiti"

njpeof

Scv'tland : s<voiid tar

■^ron

Murray «f Stanley.

in

the pel-race of GrtMl

id

Baron Strange i^by t

.

tan Sheriff of Pert

was bom June 26, li

John, the Fourth Du

by his first wife, the \

e.ir-F: daucLter of Charies, Rzdi Lc
Cx:h:raR. He succeeded his &tber in i
d-^;::es Sept- i29, 1830; but, behii:
f -.^oi « irh mental disease, bad nerer eoi
f-rr^-d :a jociecj.

— A: his residence, LiTermore Pu
tti.- Burr Sr. Edmundf. aged 69, i
J in Wi jfam*, Knt., one of l«r Major
J -ike* of the Court of Queen*« Bene
S J- Ji. In Williams wa^ a native of Bu
: -rr. of which place hi» &rherwas Rct<
\^i a^fo of a paruii in Merioneth^ii
ari S:r John always; considered hioM
:^ be ./ r j: r.tf to I iie Principal i ty. At il
wr^^nr-wu cram mar school of MaocM
ZzT. Sir J^hn Williams received the ear
z-ir*. cf his education, and be p*^
c*r-3ed ihence to Trinity College. Cu
i-lire >. the year 17f>4," and obtained
5..r..-.arj.rip the' first time that he sat. I:
:>k :;■* tvachelur's deiiree in 179R. ai
.i^r::-i; Lis urider-gjaduate course obtaiof
^^era; frizes, and at length obtained
fel.o^^l.iv. the foundation of his ambitioi
L - : J after Mr. Wdlijms quitted colleg
£ie ^« ::eJ his time occasionalW to daai
ca.. ^vjiies. as the paces of the ]Sdinburs!
R-et.ew ax ply testify, for they couui
art:.;'e> writieu by him on the orations <
De=:<.^-henes and on several Greek play
H.i oljL^cal attainments, indeed, m
exh-r::ed throughout his whole caree
Sir .V'hn Williams was called to the bt
b\ -he Hon. Society of the Middle Tempi
:-j ISiU. and. aithm^h he did not rise ti
:hc h! chest rank of the profession, he ob
lai-ed A ^ery re«peotable amount of bu«
Le*>. Mr. Wiitiams chose the Nortben
£$ r:< circuit, ar.d the Liberal party as hi
po.i:icjii frleniis. a circumstance which le<
to h:s retainder at the subsequent pro-
ccviiinirs airainst Queen Caioline, ana hu
o?n>tqi:oiii promotion to the Bench.
Sio-.v'.y. but securely, did Mr. Williami
au^aI:lV in the arduous profession of the
Uw. ac::ievii:g tliat success which erei
attends unwearied diligence and perseve-
rance. The pnx-eedings against Queen
Caroline formed by far the most import-
ant occasion upon which any lawyer hai
been employed during the present cenrunr.
The .\ttomey -General of tliat Princesi
became Lord Chancellor, her Solicitor-
General biKramc Ciiiof Justice of the
Queen V Benrh, two of her counsel suc-
cessively Chief Justices of the Common
Pleas, and a fourth one of the Judges of
the eccle^iastical courts* Amongst thoee
eminent men Mr. Williams took a con-
spicuous |mrt as one of her Majesty's
advocates; and the almost uarivalled

^

^
N

»

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS,
powers of cross-exarat nation wliieh Iiedis-
pkved upon that memorable occasum
luliy Tealized I he expectations of his
frieofU. His skill its a crr>;%^e3tiimmer
waa ^nemlly acknowledged by the pro-
feuion, but It was not until after he bad
exercised that astoni«hinc: power upon the
notorious Theodore Majocci tliat the
public at brge bernme aware of bis match-
fess talenla in ihat branch of an advocate's
duty, Profestional snecess followed *' the
Queen atrml." !^Ir, Williams then (^ot into
Parliament^ sitting for Liuroln, Winchel-
M'a, and Ilehestcr, on the Liberal inrerest,
and distinguished his Parliamentary earecr
by his advocacy of Chancery Reform. A
chaii(?e of the Ministr)' at lenpth procured
for him that prolessional position to vvhieh
be had been for some years fairly entitled.
He received a silk |roun» and soon after
the accession of AViliiam IV her ISIajesJyj
now Queen Dowagert appointed him her
Attorney- General, In Feb. 1834 he be-
came one of the Uarons of the Exehe-
quer» and havings sat in that court only
one term waa transferred to the Court of
King*.* Bench, where he remaJned until
the period of his lamented deatli. As a
Judge Sir John WiJtiams enju)ed ^^reat
respect, and as a criminal judi^^e much
emmcnce. His death was sudden. He
had aulfered severely frnm pains in the
chesti but hfld appareully rcLovered, On
Lady Wdliams's return from a short ab-
sence from the roomt she found Sir Jfjhn
apparcnilv asleep on the *ofa ; but he had
expired without a s-lruijgle, Hi^ body was
dt-posiied on the 2'id irept, in the vault «f
the Temple Church appropriated to the
Bencheri of iho Middle Temple. In
addition to the chief ratiumers iverc pre-
sent. Lord Chief Justice Deaman, the
Lord Chief Baron (Sir F. Polloik),
Jusiicca Sir John Palteson, Sir J, T.
Coleridge, Sir William Wightman, Sir
T, Cottman, Sir C, Cres^well, nnd
Mcisrs. Cole, VVjlliams, Kjian, Hum-
plin?y» Bayley^ and other members of the
equity ai]d commop-law bar. Sir John
Williams has left no ts&ue,

16. WilliamTrenehard Dil!onTrenchard»
cq., of Lytchelt Hou*e, near Winibome,
He was the eldest soti of the late Hev. H.
Luke Dillon, Rector of Lytchelt Ma-
traverfl.

— At Dublin, a^ed B% Lieutenant-
General Robert Owen, He entererl the
irmy in 1782, and served with hi* regi-
m<*nt at the capture of Martin icjuo, St.
Lueia, and Guadaloupe, in J 794. He
diftinguUhed himself at the repulse given

CHRONICLE. 285

— Sept,

to the enemy on the attack at BervJllo^ in
fruadaloupe, when hew a* severely wound-
ed. He was actively employed during
the reWllion in Intend. 1798, and in the
fultowini; year ac!cnmpanied the expedi-
tion to Holland.

— Oil board the Queen^ at Cadiz, afied
fiO, Mnjor George Elliott Balehild. U,M
(!8*27. ) He was Second Lieutenant
serving iu the Ed^ar^ Diitcouen/^ and Me-
teor, in various actions afjainst tJotillasaud
batteriea between Dunkirk and Boulogne,
1805-6, and in the laiter was severely
wounded at the pa&?ajTe of the Dardanelles,
in 1807. He continued serving in the
Mi^teor until 1810, and was present in
action with gun-boata in the B&y of Na-
ples ; at the defence of l^osun, wbere he
was wounded ; and in several boat actions
in the Adriatic. Commanded a roekeC
equipment at the attack on Crancy L^land ;
the taking of Hampttni j and occupation
of Kent Maudlin lheCha^apeake/l8I3-15;
and served in a rocket and mortar battery
at Plattsburgh.

17. Aged 53, Mr, John Doddridge
Humphriys, of Pcntonvillct creat -grand-
son of the eminent Dr, Dodd ridge, and
editor of his Diary and Correspondence.

1ft At St, Leooard's-on -the- Sea, aged
65, Kichard Simmons, esq., M.D., Fellow
of the Royal College of Physicians. F.R, S,
and R S.A.J of Cumbcrlaiid-plaee, Re-
gen tVpark. He was the only ?ou of Dr.
Samuel Foart Siiumons, Physician Ex-
traordinary lo King George JIL, and
Phisician lo the We«tmmster and St
Luke*» Hospitals; who had the care of
hii Majesty George ML during his mental
malady ; in whteti charge his son wa« pro-
ft'^^^ionally employed in assistance. Dr.
Richard Simmons enjoyed a pension of
5t30/, from the Crown ; and is i^uppoied
lo have died ver\ wealthy. He has be-
queythed lo the National Gatlenr' ft-uiteen
pictures, which be valued t\i nearly 4/ 'tlO
giaioeas; they are not, bowevcri ofa very
hi;t;h style of art. They are: — 1. Gotf-
frey Schalken — ^Lesbia weighing Jewels

against her Sparrow. 2, Sassolerrato

the Madonna, 3 Joseph Vemei — a Sea-
port. 4, Hondikoeter— Domcfitic Poul-
try, 5, Gerard Van Harp- Conventual
Charity. 6. Backhuysen — a Brbk Gale,
7. Dietricbi — Itinerant Musicians. 8,
Greuze — Head of a Girl, 0. Nicholas
Maes-— the Idle Servant, 10, Breeuberg

— Land>capc, with figures. JL Both

a Landscape, the Judgment of Paris,
figures by Poclcmberg. Pi. Cannletto —
the Piaiza of St, Mark, Venice* l^ ha

I

i I

I

If I '■ I

Jm, 1 *:t- s:-

}, ; ■■ — ■ .-:.--•• :.--.•-. :..:...:::.:

I ■■■

•■ :• :.:•.-•■ ::• r.^: ; .- * ir.ar* rr .£•« r.i?

'•' ■•■ ' •■ i- • : ■ : : . . :■ ■-: •' ii :. 'i t"-iufn i i

•II :. i..-«|— . , ,. - • r ;•: ;^ j,- r -.nC 1 'pr.Ui'. I'i

'■ ' i ''Ti.aT - r:.^! - ii ;.!• ir:- 'i- '';-5 i;u:i,'i> i, drai

■'■ *'" :•" a: I.'. :. .■ -■ u.a:- •• iiifirrrin; njii:,!;!!^ »

" ' ■' ••* ' '•■ ■'.t'li*. a'L 'ii- "^ "int i.t niich m «*■

' ' "*' *' "' »'' » ..till..,, a-i I... , .,rp Hi'", f-.m-.-iiii..-: like poa.jiariitu^

..I I', f..
• .f

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS,
|t«pos<^* It Will at that time he began and
oomploted his htrtory of the great jitmggle
In which he and hia friends bad been en-
ffJiged, Aiore^ however, remained to be
done, and the Anti- Slavery Society was
formed in 1 8*23, when men be^an serloudy
ami eanieslly to devote themselves to the
Uik of following up the suppression of
the jilave-tradei by procnring^an abolilion
of We>t India slavery. In eoiidtirting
the affairs of that association Mr. Clark^on
embarked with charaeterbtic energy, and
in the 74th year of hia a^ enjoyed
the ynallovcd happincsa of irttneMing its
greatest triumph, in the enactment ofthat
bin w^neh awarded 20,000,000/. as com.
pensation to the slave-owners. For some
few ye^rs f^revious to that event, however,
his health had become uncertain, and he
was in a great degree precluded from
taking an active diare in working out the
omauiipation of the Negro. Cataract
ftirined in both his eyes» and for a short
lime he was totally blind. He endured
this affliction with Christian resignation ;
but eventually he undenvent an operation^
and was restored to the comiplcte use of
Im i&ight, which he retained to the la>t.
In 1840 the ortogeoarian attended for tLc
last lime a public meeting in Exeter Hall,
when the Duke of Sussex was in the chair.
From That period he remained in rotirc-
meot at hi* residence, Playfurd Halh near
Ipswich. There, living in great comfort,
and in the exercise of constant but un-
t»e;tentatiou«; hospitalitVt he received the
friends of lliat great cause which still oc-
cupied his thnughis, and more especially
emancipationists from America, who came
to kindle at his hearth the llame which
burned to intensely in his o\vn ardent
breast. But it was not the cause of the
negro which alone occupied hh anxieties.
His benevolence was dilTusive, although
in earlier years his energies had been con-
centrated on one object. To ihe neglected
condition of our mercantile $teamen hi*
attenlion had been directed during bis
visiu to Bristol, Liverpool, and other sea-
ports. He preserved note* of his observa-
tJon« at that period, and for the few Ian
ycRn he was much occupied In devising
m^na to promote the cstablishtnent of
institutions Mmilnrtothe Sailors' Home-
He publjKbeci several characteristic ad-
dresses on the subject, full of details cal-
culated to produce a powerful etfect, and
w^ithin the Wt fortnight of his life he ad-
^rMsed a long letter to Lord iohn Hus*
fiell, as Prime Mini-ittT, on the same suti-
ject. The difTu^iveness of bis benevolence

Vol. LXXXVIIL

CHRONICLE 2Sa

— Skit.

did not prevent its exercise toward'? indi-
vidual, and in the more private ^sphere of
his own vicinity. He \va» ever ready to
lend a lieloing hand to the advancement
of merit wherever it was to be found. He
was one of those who fin^t discovered the
extraordinary talents of the di«tii)guished
Astronomer HoyaU Mr. .\iry, when a
visitor at the residence of hi** uncle* Mr-
Arthur Biddell, of Flay ford, and suggested
the steps taken for their further develop-
ment at the uuiveraity, where he had the
satisfaction to see him far oulbtripping
his competitors, and proi ing himself one
of the first mathematicians of the age.
Mr. Clarkson finished hiri long and ar-
duous course with the faith of a sincere
Christian. His widow, daughter of the
late William Buck* esq., of Bury, survives
to moimj the stroke which ha* *.napped
the bond of half a century. His i.im ,
and it is indeed *' clarutn et vettti
nomen,'* descends to his only gratMJLJulJ,
Thomas Clarkson, a youth at school at
Rugby. Mr. Clark^oii was nriginally
destined for the ministry of the Church of
England, and actually took Deacon's
orders ; but his pursuits bringing him
much in contact with the Society of
Fnemis he became a convert to their per*
suasion*

^. At his seat, Harptree Court, So-T
merset^hire. aged 30, the Right Hon.
George Edward Waldcgiuve, seventh
Earl of WaJdegrave, Northamptonshire:!!
and Viscount Che«ton, of Chewton, So
mersetsbire (1729), eighth Baron Walde-
gravc of Chewion ( 1 GE5), and the eleventh
Baronet (I {J43). He wa"* boni on the
8lh of February. 1816, the eldest son of
John Janice, sixth Farl of Waldegravc,
and sueccede<l to the peerage on the
deafh of his father, July 30, 1835, Tbu*
succeeding to rank before be arrived at
discretion, the excesses of the young
nobleman were unfortunately too noti>-
rious. The pale in 1842 of the vill.i of
.Strawberry Hill, and the disiicrnal of the
muiicum of Horace Walpoic, Earl of
Orford, which had been bcqueatlied to the
Waldegrave family in consequence of their
descent from Maria, dowager Cnimtcs>i of
Waldegravc and Duehens of Gloucester^
the dnugbtcr of Sir Edward Wulpole^
K. B., v^ere the result of bis pecuniar) d»#*
ficulties. He married. S4"pt ember 2St
1840, Fr.inces Ehiaheth .\nne, daughter
of Mr, Brnham* the eminent vocalist, and
widow of his elder (but illegitimaif ) bro-
Iher, John James Henry Waldegrave, esq.
He is succeeded in hit littes by hi^ uncle

u

2JiO A N M A L li r G I S TZ H, IfcH

111! ;i..i V i'lii V^uf::ravi.- Capiux.
1. ^ .1,.. 'I

.t II. ■■-'-■: \n'- j]:mni (jiL. halt.
I..." .il .lii.. ' .!;£•■ OL tii* 1*"*. Juxuj

r I- M.I- V: I \\' ' 'I'lHv V.\l. llH kC'CUlU:

V.I If' <*-.<ll: !• f't<i»*-r •>%.. «•' brUU^rit-
|<., .1 ' f IHJii 'I iiat.. LnUlVifteUirL.

Iiij f •■" !;.t • ■I'lii:-. II J 777 iii-

I'jiii ■ III ■'•i.-» ■■-iiii:tj»;; '^'i«»»«*. i:Kf.

ii.i III; '. i< I V iiu lutb^r,. efcUut..

I. - -,. • .1 '•.r-<>,;'ii'.'>i liul.atif wiV'iUi*:rif
ii' !..!ii' ,. I'lM II 1^ IS 1 UK re*»rnfiii.
'.iii'iiiti.ti v..t . ii,i-ii:ii« • ui T null} C-ij-
U/i ' iUiiif ■.;:• .iir %*a- •■!• ''I'-li fc !•?•-
i>.ii ••■ '1,1 f >>:ii;rf:l« r'iinr'.i ui Miili?li«»
III 111 II ./'ii:-. I.I li-li •iV'>lii) ir iH^ti
r.i . }• -. "I 111* iii:atii »: Ui-

• I'.i r f'i'lii ■ !i. 'Ill i.iiiii \ • 'in til' :■ «riii'*i
II.- I I ,1 iii.ft !>.■ ^^:l-•l• iif '.ii> lti«U-:ii)

• •> t-.fiii;.Mr-.i. t« I.I. I.ir ..L. '1 iir>- \uiiiiiI'H
|ii-.;.. o^ \%.i. .!• -imti !riiini;!i tm niur-
ii.iyi '■! -..iiMtf' ''i'iw«-. •■-I,.. 'I.' ti:r»rc:
iit.< I \-" •! !i.i <ii < I a^> ■. ;ii-iiti*;iiiuu. iKilL

Mil '.. -.-Lit r ..If. ">ii l1i■^t 11^ LuMara

• t.i i-.m . I ■■, ;mi 4it-?i«-{«li' » 'H ■>!!
If ..•! iii.M t ( r.ir^ii:!. *lii ni-.illlii'.-«Ul

I..-.I..!. I I « '•.! II-i:; ■■... »,iiirTii;r l.ir nuuit

It •;. I.' ■ ' • i V. ■■,- ii '.:ii luU Mr.

i \' HI.- v»... •■!.« • ! 'ht !r i^'i-i'h. Or:
H f /ini.y »,i. Iillow.ii;. \h.( i-.yM:- t'i'UhVli

1.. h' ..j .,■ N [.I I .fi. . .:.,.J '."-,;..„ :j Jiini-
:i it 'i'li ■." »:.! 1. ?I 'i-t. '.1 i\w t\r \*aT> ''i
li .■ I(i ih.il'^ Miiii »i«f';.i,if;,i jiurruiitt,
ViJi.' I. I.' I . l,\.ili fi v.i'f. ;»i|.:.; ;if j lur

iiii'l j'l.t'.f/ I U« |.i» j>,i J <,',i- <4

till li'.i .-! I in.i'f «'.iii''.>ir (-f (ir'-l.iau-

• III..- |.i.iiiir III 'l.t 1 .:.;"i'jrfi. \itiit'iirii*f!
li.i i.iM.-l . ii.'ir lit \«.r, "M.#.«*' robJ..' CX-

|H I. .

•Ji» Al Willi. Ml II.1II. M. •.i-.rlu. Ml iirji-u

\,j1. 1,1 t li.iili.- .Ill yl I'.il^'i Ui>|lll. (r.-'j., cif

I 'l-/! uoilii .- 'lnv.ii, In Kii.'l.

5

or unM.li.

I Aj/iil /li, I Imiii.i- *.".i_\lor, r.-«|., of
Ih'.iI Ni njniii Mil 1 1, \\r>tiiiiii»«t«r, anil
lliiiiiiiii i.-iiiifii.

'J. Al III- li -i.li ill <• in ( ii'i\(--( iiil-niady
ri .luliii.. Wi.i.ii, III Ihi TlWh )<'ar,
( l> III! Ill .lii.'.ii.li lliiliji I'i'ii ill* Jtodf,
n.iiiiii III 1 1. 1 lii.lv Kniii.iri r;iii|«irf'. 'i'hi!
iiii-l'iiiiiiii-.-^ Ill tlii:i iifiliji-riiati It.'ivi; at
|i iifilli liii II l»iiMi>'hl l(j n I'ld.of liy liin im.
i\|iiiiiil iliiiili. ill' wiii Imrii at Lox-
ii) |i>iik, III llii- I .lii^li III I tli)\i-iiT, .'^faf-
riiit|>liiii-, nil iIm-'Ji'IiiI III' Ajiiil, 1777, (ills
liilliii liiiiiK ii (h'iiiiiiii, IiIh iiiutiiiT nil

I'll^llJl illll^J illlll Uilh IMlllCilfCli ill (IllH

I'liiiiti). '1 III* rulliiT (jf Hanui cli> Wink:
|iitaat>aa(Hi ill AUut'u ttu t'«talu uf cuii»i(ler«

Fore; aiu. su> laaiw -u 00- i

Uf. yce i7tt^ . iic u- piiwutt. «a a
iicien: !«• proiec: 2: iron; ts- nbMnr 1
iwcsuon- o- x» l-rEHBi linvar.
» ji

tS'tDH taut

*:i. L CUBmUdHOB n Ur LjifiBB And:

iruiii tiK l:.]ixDrss- r-s-nrrr . ■

n>ez2jQfFU>i£ mavmnot ar Nozumi i

Aiuacrm. tut faarai.

CBvajri s: iu« om esw

of luufeH^ ir wua. lu- Lmrifrar a

ancKr p;vt mn tat f^mniMm j

pHVetrt. UL. OXiL tlH TumXIK^ IT Dtt ^1

Lniijenr jjmiiualn u^ciowt* oob
it-'iimi. tilt- ^iiei f }rL.*& ivHCMK tBf a
vii f raxiut. TiK iksroL m- huim, k
iimt I if lui. rssinien;. biil n: xk q
tiri: LiMsiai. amn . karvannmaibt tts «
o: tilt AJiiec t»oTen!ijn>^ umi xa» :
imyr quanen- n, ibf cirr of p^nv ii

CDUTM- iff tfit^BE' ORDIMACZb- tllff B

^ntaiut diAniiFuwiHKi iiiiut?il
m: lilt: tmiut' u! Ijenmit,
»tiiiiiut:c. uic; mrjui, 2L fc enacBt a j
dobkid fc *-* ••'j*^ wiiei. iM ns»H a «
iialirt rni: cib xut «:«. Tl* Ba»Bfc
iaiii<T U'lni: dvud— w n: ckbs i
em Hied lo ifae ianLirr f^-.uci a Aa
bui tiie Jiic.iMiii'-a! Gi>vcniiiieia
Jraiiw jitiiifd wi-jj'_»in Tvncrt^ »
s;<]K-iiU: ktr piun jo- niutk.. a»i;iwi -j
10 K.'i7.f UL ii»e proyw^nr oi an iwx »:
ti:*'\ clitfte u- oefeiTUkX^ a» 41*300
A:i feudtl sojd tftiinjari*] (ehijerffi
aU.Jifcbcd bv the decrt^s irf rvvc«ij:iji
fioverr.njtiit*, and all EDriiai ftr«i
who held {Hxifiem Id Fr-nce «iTt brtr
< if ! :k i r rieiii*. Thi* w-c7c« itf c:ciw
< iijili d tl;e e-taie* of ihe Barm de Bo
A^ Mj* n a» :h<JK: trc«iie» were pedei:
uliicii had Lei-D framed nitii a liev
K-f'ure iiidemnitr to the £ci|;ii?h nif
wlio had hrid 'iirr^fiertr in France,
iiaroii came to ihU count rr to ur|:e
elaimk. He and his friends nafurallv o
hidtred that one who liad thiu fought 1
bii-rl f(ir the restoration of the Bourbu
for the iiidt'rwndenoc of Europe, a
CKjieciallv fi^r the C'xi^tence as a nation
lhi»( his native land, would not have be
exposed to the gric\ous injustice whi
he has endured in England thmughc
the third part of a centuiy. After I
iHsace of Europe had been finally esi
bli.ih(>(i, tlio French Government pi
over to Great Britain sums of money
various times, amouiitiDg to M>-enI flo

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 291

DEATHS— Oct.

lions sterling* as compensatloo to British
subjects wlioM property had been geixed
amidst the lawlesi plunder of the revolu-
tionary period. The Baron de Bode
claimed <if ihis sum as mueli m half a mil-
lion on account of his patrimonial pro-
perty in Al»aee. Commissioners were
appointed to imesti^te all the rlaims, and
I bey rej«nMed the Bajon'js on the ground
thai he had not folly made out llie fact of
hts being a British subject. So many
pereons thought his ctaims well founded,
not only upon legal but upon equitable
|Hfiiicipie«, That by the aid of friends he
HM enabled to renew, from time to time*
kia demands u[>un the British Govern-
ment. With the history of ihi» case the
public has been familiar for the b>t five^
and-lweoty jeare. In Parliament scarcely
• aemon waa allowed to pass over without
a motion on the case of the Baron tie
Bode, which generally ended in the House
being counted out. It was in vain that
he addressed memorials to the Privy
Coundl and petitions to the House of
Commons; that he proceeded in the Court
of Chancery by means of what is called a
** Petition of Hijjfhi i" that arising out of
this *' Pelilion of Utght" there was a trial
at law in the Cuurt of t~iueen*s Bench,
where, in the month ^d* June 1H44, a ver-
dict wa* pronouncerJ in hi-* iavour* award-
ing him a sum of t}b4,*2&)L with interest
from the 1st of January, 1819. AH these
efibrts, however skilfully directed and
perseveringly urged, proved unavailing
against such an adrersarv as the Crown ;
and the Baron was told, that being too
late, as it was alleged, in bringing forwanl
liifi claims, it became Mf and ju6t to use
ainst him every species of legal techin-
ility, and to place him under every one
f those disadvanta^ea (o which all titigant^
i expowd who have the Crown for Uieir
naiy. Though court* and juries de-
I in fiif our of the eliims of De Bode,
was at lenglh met by the Statute of
Limitations. In December 1845, an-
nlhcr trial t«Mik place* when the Lord Chitf
lustice held tliat tlio nlaintilf had not
hewn that bin pr(»perty dad been unduly
onfiiu^^ated ; a writ of error was allowed,
^irbich ill doe course would have led to
urther legal argument in the course of
he iie^it month. But the hara^^ment of
hose proceedings was too much, for the
ged Baron ^uddenly expired in the pre-
ence of his family. ' The Baron acquitted
French Govemmenl of any unfair
eding in the matter. The Baron
» fiode was « maii poBseseed of consider-

able energy, moral and intclleclual ; and
had acquired many friends. Tlioio who
were best acquainted with his character
represent him aa a man eminently amiable
and honourable, while the whole current J
of his long life di^^plays the uiihendinffi
spirit and unshaken fortitude with whioo '
he endured a series of disavten that have
imparted to hisi li^ a character of romance,
aud subjected him to mtgenes under which
most men would have sunk into irrecover-
able despondency. A n tnt^ncst was lield on
his body, at which Dr, fcshute, who had
made a dissection of (he corpse, attributed
the death of the Baron to ossification of
the heart, and the J1117 returned a verdict
of Natural Death, adding their opinion
** that tlic deceased's death was hastened
by ezettcmcnt of mind conscrjuent upon
the state of h'n aifairs/"

a At Wolseley Ikll, Sliiffordshire, to
his 78th year, Sir Charlc-i \Vol^eley, tlic|
eeveulh Baronet of that place (1(j3B)
He wa^ bom on the W\h July, 1769^1
the eldest son of Sir William, the sixth^
Baronet, by Mi*>» CluuDbers, of Wimble-
don ; and succeeded to the baronetcy upon
the death of his father, Augusts, 1817»
Sir Charles made himself exceedingly
notorious at the close of the war, when the
efforts of the Parliamentary Refonsers
first made themselve* felt. Sir Charles'^
family se^it being in the neighbourhood of
Birminq:hamf he was placed at the head
of the radicals of I hat place, and of the
organized unions which ultimately pro-
duced the Reform Bill. But in tJMS days
when Sir Charles Wobeley was a dema-
gogue the idea of electing a member for
Birmingham was regarded as something
just short of high treason. The stuxdy
smiths, howercr, were r»ohcd to secure
the agency of a legtslalorial attorney, and
summoned a meeting, which resulted in
the clamorous election of Sir Charles by
15XI0C) or 20,tXlt), some say 50,000, of
the m*'n of Birmingham antf h^ vicinity I
For this pretence to send a man to Par-
liament, who — a^ the electors well knew
— could not sit, jMr. Wooler and others
were tried, convicted, and impriM>ned,
Unfortunately, Sir Charles was not to be
taught by tlie lessons which the experience
of others presented ; and, accordmgly, in
the same year he ma<Jc a speech at Stock-
port, for which he was brought to itial,
and suffered twelve months' imprison-
ment. Every eifort woe made to give his
trial, hii imprisonment, and e\en his
liberation, all the advantages to be derived
from theatrical effect and pop^ilar enthu-

292 ANNUAL REGISTER,

DEATHSl — Oct.

1846.

KC 1

prxr

tikea fcr thai

«ii:oeai£ii] a*

-cvnr-«rje- Mzi 12^ d2».
::'j-. '-!>-«;> wa* zraiuaJi-

vet T-' u:^u^rz*j «&? uoccoaeo:. Ob
tbe Il-:i r.( M:rjn. I*<^.i. be «» mgm
broo^r.: lo trut. a: Cbesrer. for sedifioa.
iotct.^ wrii A =u:: of U:ie Gaoie ci J<M«f)tk

fouzd ilu!.-j. i=^d i<»ii*eBC«tl :o It^ itt<xxdu*
iiBfvia«:niatfc;. Even :£<^ heavy puni>ii.
Benti drii c- 1 alto2«»th«Y chet:k the nib>
token leal of Sir Cturie* WoUeiej. for
btf ci>cuno?ti to aneo'i Reform meecirigf
at tMu aft UKv c«.>u:iDued to be beid : but
vhen tbe Lue L rd SldnHXiib ceased to
be Hofce Sfcivcar^. and >Ir. Canning
betran t<i lead the njiutitena] party, tbe
question uf poriiamentary cefiHin went
wmevhat out of ^ahion, and tbe only
oecaiion which presented itself for the
ifisplay of Sir Charles \Volaele\'s pa-
trioCiMn was that of becoming one of the
sureties for Mr. Hunt upon his liberation
from Ilc-he«ter gaol. Parliamentary re-
form, thoueh it slumbered for a season,
awoke in ISdO with an energy which
proved to be tbe harbinger of eventual
triumph. But by that time Sir Charles
had declined into the vale of years ; tlie
frost of more than threeM^>re winters had
chilled in his heart tbe spirit of political
enterprise; mightier men than he stood
forward to lead the popular movement,
and therefore he retired to his proper
position in society, ending his days in the
privacy of his own home. Sir Charles
was a man of good talents, of high family
and brciHling, of large fortune ; and his
career, although marked by the eccen-
tricity which tinged his whole life, was
perfectly free from any suspicion of ad-
vancing the mischievous and ruinous
schemes of some of the {>er8on8 who were
his associate!^, or of any self-seeking or
ambitious views ; and it is only fair and
just that the close of his life should be at-
tended by some ex[>ression of regret and
respect. Sir Charles Wolscley was twice
married; first on the 13th Dec. 1794, to
Mary, daughter of the Hon. Thomas
Clifford, of TixalL
whom he h-
the 2nd r
ried, sec
ter of J
side. El

tbe cidesf .

in Statfordshire, by

"W issue ; and on

•r Charles mar-

ungest dnugh-

, of Weald-

24th, 1838,

whom ouly

Sr Charles, the present Bi-
and two dangfaten.

— At Bfighton, acred 80, Sir Hon
KTCToft, Kni^t HarbiDger to tbe Qom.
He mas the seoood aon of the Rer. Ss
Richard Nekw Rycroft, Bait, h m
he was appointed' Knight HarfaingB te
tbe Kinsr. receiving at the time the Imdos
of knifrhthood.

— At CoTe, aced 70, Dr. Cwtty.
Roman Catholic Bishop of Ckmie mA
Row. He was educated at the IbA cA-
lece at Salamanca ; he subseaueotlj filed
the office of President of tbe Irish cote
in Lisbon, and in two years aftennrii
was appointed Pteaidcnt of the Rool
Ccdlese of Mavoooth.

6. Aged 80, Mr. WiUiam Andenos.
F.L. S.. for 82 yean Cufator of tbe S6>
cietT of Apothecaries* Botanic Gardes, ii
Chelsea.

— Tbe celebrated Russian circunmifi*
gator, tbe Chevalier A. T. De Knnes-
stem, died on the 6th of October, ISIS,
at St. Peter»bur}g. lie entered tbe Bai.
frtan navy at an eariy af^e, and soos
reached the grade of Captain. He seiwd
in tbe East Indies from 1708 to 1797.
and passed the years 1798-9 at CaDtoo.
With the tact o'f true genius, be sswit
once the immense auivantages which the
Russians must derive from a direct cq«-
merce with China, in transporting sLiv
from their possessions on the north.«eft
of America. On his return to Russia he
submitted a project to his GoTeminefltt
for the purpose of assisting the Russin
American Company, by enabling tbe mer-
chants e:^tablii^hcd on the norSi-westen
coasts of America and the Aleutian blei,
to carry on a direct commerce with Chiia
and Japan. This project, at first rejected
was ultimately patronized by the Empenjr
Alexander, and by the Minister of Com-
merce, the Count de Romaiizoff. M. De
Krusenstern was in consequence furaidied
with full powers to accomplish tliis object,
and quitted Falmouth fitr that purpose ou
the 5th of October, 1803, with a squadion
of several vesselg. The Nedtskda (the
Hope) was commanded by Knisenstem
in person ; while the Neva was placed
under the orders of Prince Lisanskov.
The Nedeskda returned to Gronstadt m
1 800. Two narratives of the Voyage ap-
peared; Ist, ** Voyage round the Wond
m 1804-5, by Captain Knisenstem ;** and
2nd, *' Voyaffe round the World, hy
Prince Lisanskoy." The discoveries made
by Captain Knisenstem during this voy-
age are the more valuable, since they

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 293

DEATHS.— Oct.

N

fully confirm those which were matle be-
fore him by the celebrated and uti for-
ty iiale La Pey rouse, and leave* in faet,
litHc utjdoDe to complete our knowledge
of the eotjwtries be vi/iled. Captain Kru-
Benfteni determined in the raost preeise
manlier the position of Naogasaki and of
the Straits of S^inj^aar. He explored (he
west coast of the Isle of Jedso and the
Strait of La Peyrou^e- and ive ire in-
debted to him for a more thorough know*
ledge than that supplied hy his prede-
cessors of the west coa-it e^f the Isle of
Saghetian, the northern extremity of that
i»le, the tiorth east coast which touches
upon Tartflfv, and the strait which ar-
retted the progress of La Pey rouse. He
during this voyagei on the coasts of Noti-
kaiwa, in the great Pacific Ocean^ met
with one of the Isles Mepdoqa* and from
thence he brought away a French «iiior,
who had beeti sbipwreekei! on the coast
some few years before. This was the
celebrated Joseph Cabrts, who was so
long ** fionlied '* by the good people of
Pnm. On hi* return to llussita in 1 81 J,
Captain Krusenstern was charged with a
new expedition round the World. The
especial object of this latter was to exa-
mine Behring's Straits, and to find a pas-
«ige from the north-west coast of America
to Archangel* by the American or Asiatic
cootinenl. The results have been made
public. After the accession of the Em-
peror Nicholas, who has greatly patronized
voyages of discover}, Kru&cnstem was
made " Vice-Admiral,'* and in Dec* 1835
miblishcd. his g^cat work *' Hecueil des
M ^moires Hydrogrdphique*/* kc.

7. Dame Mary* relict of Sir Richnrd
De Capcl Brooke, BarL, of Great Oak-
Icy Hou^^Pt Kellenng ; only daughter and
heiress of Major-Gcneral Richard W'orgc.

8, Annn-Maria, relict of Jojycph Fer-
ditiajid. Count de TanfTtv and eldest
daughter of the Jute Philip Munoux
Lucas, esq., of Nottingham .place.

10» lo White Lion. street, Islington,
•nged 80, Lady Anne Hamilton, eldest
daughter of Archibald, ninth Duke of
Hamilton. Lady Anne was one of the
ladies in waiting to the Princess of Wales
^aftcrwairds Queen Caroline), When the
Prioccss went abroad in 1814. Lady Anne
did not accompany her with her other
ladtei; but wnen fhe became queen,
and was on her return to tliia country,
Lady Anne joined her on her way back
to HfLiiders, and she enterttd London in
the same carriage with ber.

— At Grove Hill, Tunbridge Welk,

aged 57, Sir Edward George Tbomas
Page Turner, Bart, of tapper Harley-
iitreet, London, and Battlcs^den Park,
Bedfordshire. He succeeded his brother,
the late Sir Gregory Page Turner, March
Gth, 184a

— At Barrossa Hou-^e, Brixton, aged
68, Sambrooke Anson, esq., late Lu-Col.
Ut Foot Guards; brother to Gen. Sir
George Anson, G.C. B,, Gen. Sir Wm.
Anwju, Bart, and K.C.B., the Very Rev,
the Dean of Chester, kc, and imcle to
the Earl of Licliiield.

11. In Fig-tree Court, Temple, Wil-
liam Bond, esq,, Barrister-at-law, Re-
corder of Poole and Wareham, and one of
the magistrates of the Westminster Police
Court. Mr. Bond was the son of the Rev.
William Bond, of Tyneham. He wa*
called to the bar Nov. 26, 1824, w^s a
member of the Inner Temple, and chose
tlie Western Circuit, in which his connec-
tions and his legal acquirements gave him
an honourable status. The death of Mi-
chael Angelo Taylor, esq., July 16, 1834,
catji?ed a vacancy in the recordersbip of
Poole, and Mr. Bund was elected to the
oflice by a large majority. On the death
of Thomas Bartlctt, esq', in March l83Ci,
a vacancy occurred iii the recordership of
the borough of Wareham. and Mr. Bond
was unanimously chosen. In Oct. 1842,
Mr. Bond was appointed 1o be one of the
magistrates of the Westminster Police
Court, London, the duties whereof from
that time be has since diseJiargcd to ge.
neral satislaction. Mr. Bond was of an
ancient ftimily in the isle of Purheek ;
and the ijlfices of recordcrships of Poole
and Wevmotith were almost hereditary in
the family. Mr. Bond died unmarried.

12. At Great Gransden Hou^e, aged
74, Benjamin Dealtr>, of Lofthouse Hall,
Yorkshire, and of Upton, Lincoln.*«hire,
esq., for many years an active magistrate
of the two latter counties.

— In Dublin, aged 37, Francis Beau-
fort Edge worth, esq., son of the late
Rii'hard Lovcll Edgeworth, ei*q., of Edge*
worth's Town, county Longford, by his
4th wife, Frances Anne, daughter of the
Rev. Daniel Augustus Bt»aufor1.

13. At his residence in Dorset-square,
the Rev. George Sax by Pcnfohl, D.D.,
Rector of Trmity Church, Marylebnne,
and of King^win^jfd, Statfurdjibire.

la. At Spittle, aged 8tX Edward Wal-
pile Brown, esq.. Rear- .Admiral of the
Red, of Hnn^-place^ London. He was
a native of Kent, and for many year*
resided at Walioer, one of tbe cinque

>tt.

zx -js^.

Uff SS^- -so T ^ . E.

* "::.-*

•- f- «_— T- -_ cti - s: - X t-r

--^r *■- - iTsr.

■^.'ji Ik ...

I "1,..

'• ♦' ■ ' •■■■;'•• ir.ijr. . - -. C-. ■■■ »-.Mr; ir&. tn* i-»"nn

'■ " •■ ""•;' '-"•■•■■■■'■ •- .■inn.:.:.:;-.::..;:.*-: »„j M- u-w-i.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 295

DEATHS.-^OcT.

in tliG iittetnpt Co take that frigate in Porlxmouth harbour. At the

funk

^., Lis prite ill tow. Pot his tcr\icea

on that day Mr. Green was selected by
hb C«ptain (Israel Peliew) as having
merited the rank of Lieutenant, wliieh
he received^ and wm a| (pointed to the
Formidable^ one of tlie Channel fleets
and for some time the llag-ihip of Lord
St. Vincent, the Commander-in-Chief.
In J 807 LieuL Green ivas appointed* at

»lhe intercession of the Duke of Kent» to
whom he bad n<:>t^d as naval oide-de-eamp,
to Ihe Decade frigate, as Second Lieu.
tenant, and sorn alter to the Eurvdict
frigate, as First Lieutenant, having lieen
eleven years afloat in aciive service. The
Munjdwc was employed, during the Ame-
ican emharfDf in the year l8t>H, aaaship
of obaerv'ation on the Atnericm lines
mdjoiniujIJ^ No?a Scotia; and Liput. Green
very early pointed out the superiority of
the enemy's frigates io our own, and urged
the remedy. In 181 L Ltcut, Green
a^iiin, through the intervention of the
Duke of Kent,^ wai appointed to the com-
mand of the bri^ Rrmlute, 14. for the
purfjose of putting in practice his mode
of training tne crew, to tlie entire Mti^fue-
tion of the Adnifmlty, who kept ihe tes*-
tel in eommiiftlon on that service durinpf
the war. She was paid off at the peace
of 181^. without any reward to her coni-
mttnder, who luirt thus lo»t \\h chances of
prumotion io iictive service. On paying
off Ihe Rr^fJutt, in l«I5. the Duke of
Kent applied for Lieut. Green** promo-
lion, when Lnrd Melville, then Fintt Irord
of the AdniirallVi rcfjlied^ ** OwinjT lo the
Navy being reduced to a peace cstablish-
nient, promotion is for the pre^ont at an
end,'* Even thk neglect could not cool
his devotion to the service ; and he etn-
ployed his knowledge to the invention of
a series of invaluable improvenienls in ihe
£ittiug« and rigging of &hipit. In 1820,
Ibe deceased was appointed to a ['"nl month
packet as a rewarcf for \m servicer, with
an asurancc from the Admiralty that tt
was a life appoirtment ; in cunMderation
of which he res^igned his chiim» to pro-
motion and a lucmti\e situation in a mcr-
can tile h ou se. A 1 1 he e n d of t wo years and
(en month*, however, thi<i vessel requiring
repair, she wa» paid off, and« although
otners in a similar aiHintion were re^ap-
pointed, tba deovuvd was negWcted, and
nofurttter notice was taken of him. From
thi»time until 1R42 Lieut, Green remained
unnoticed : at that date an appointment
iLs Liculcnant of the Vktorj wai given
him I and he was quartered in the Bkincht

expiration of twelve monlhs, however, his
embarrassments overcame him, and he
thereby lost his appuinlment, and from
that time until his death he remained un-
rewarded and neglected, but ftilt devoting
bis lime to the maturing of inventions tor
the improvement of the Renrice. lie has
left a widow and Rcveu daughters lo ex-
ist upon tlie pitiful pension of a Lieuten-
ant (50/. [K*r annum)— a Litotenant of
41 ycare I The hardship of Lieutenant
Green's cajsc has excited much sympathy.

— At Kingston, near Portsinonth,
Lieutenant John Green (1800). This
oiieer was a midshipman of the Couraijeux
in the expedition to FerroK and of tlie
Venerable in Saumarez's action in Alge*
simg-bay, and ihe SlraiU of Gibrdlfar;
and in act inn with Ihe French 8CJ*gun
ship Formidable off Cadi?, 180L He
commanded a boat of the Eclair-, cutting
out a vessel from under balteries at Mar.
tiniqne, and was employed in boats in
several actions off Sunta Eustutia, and the
Spanish Main, and in a boat of the Oa-
iatea at the capture of sevoml vessels in
the harbour of Barcelona, 1806, He led
the hoala of Ihe Galatea tit the caplure,
after three repulses, by boardtngt of the
French national corvette Ltjnx^ of Hi eunj*
and 101 men, atid w.js twice wounded;
and again in her boats at the capture of
the French armed vei^el Mhinkmt 1807,
He was preiHnit nt the jsurrender of the
Danish \Vc:st btdia Inlands; and iti com-
mand of a tender txi the Gain tea, armed
with a light earrunade atid 2)0 men, eap-
tured a vessel of very superior force, und
was again wounded ; but, l>eing a few
days aftenvards engaged hy u I'rench
UHtional N-gun cutler, wa* captured.
He wa» Lieutenant of the Muaquito in
the Elbe, and captured an armed vessel
at the month of the river Oost. After
being ii7 years a Lieutenant, Lieutenant
fJreen died holding no higher rank, knn*
ing a family wholly unprovided for.

!£!. At Rii^iiishudu House, Dumbnrton^
shire, aged Gj, Lady Cohjuhoun, of Luss,
second daughter of the iate Right Hon.
Sir John Sinclair, Bart.

'M. At his seat. Up Park, Su>jiex, aged
9% Sir Henry Fitherttoidmngh,the!^erot»d
Baronet of Fetherhtonhaugh, eunnty of
Northnmberiand (1747). Ho was born
in the year 17j4, being (he only wm of
Sir Mattlicw, the first Bnrotiet, by the
only daughter of Chiistopber Lethieullicr,
esq., of Belmotit, Middlesex. On the
death of his father he Buecevded to the

296 ANNUAL RE GI S T E R, 1846.

DEATH&-.NOV.

dignity of Baronet, which he enjoyed for
tb«! 0X1 raordi nary period of seventy-two
year*, lie married in 1B25, being then
for advanced in life, Miss Mary Ann Bul-
lock, of Orton, Essex, but leaves no iisue,
and the title has consequently become
extinct.

25. At Ulev Lodge, aged 78, Captain
James Stade, k.N. He was senior Lieu-
tenant of the Latona frigate, employed
against Holland in 179i), and was for his
scr\iccs made Commander on the 2nd of
September that year, and appointed to
Vhspii}tfle sloop on the North Sea station.
He wan made post Captain in 1810, and
from that date to the end of the war com-
manded the Experiment receiving ship at
Falmouth.

20. Suddenly, at St. John's Wood,
aged 5(), the Right Hon. Lucy Louisa,
Dowager Counters of Winterton. She
was the daughter of John Heys, esq., of
Sunbury; was married, in 1809, to Ed-
ward, third Earl of Winterton.

— At Plymouth, aged 69, the Rev.
John BuIIer, Rector of Bridestowe, De-
von!>hire, and late Vicar of St Just in
Penwith, Cornwall.

28. In Eaton-square, aged 77, Sir
George Wombwell, the second Baronet
of Wombwell, in the West Riding of
Yorkshire (1778). Sir George was bom
on the 1 4th of March, 1769, being the
son of the first Baronet, an extensive
merchant and East India proprietor, and
for a considerable perioa Chairman of
the East India Company, by Susannali,
only daughter of Alderman Sir Thomas
Rawlinson, Knight, of London. The
deceased was twice married, viz. — first,
on the 19th of July, 1791, to Lady Anne
Belasyse, daughter of Henry, second Earl
of Fauconl>erg, by whom he had suniving
issue a son ; and, secondly, to Eliza,
daughter of T. E. Little, esq., of Hamp-
Htead, by whom he also has issue.

;)0. At Ardgowan, Renfrewshire, aged
48, Patrick Maxwell Stewart, esq., M. P.
for Renfrewshire, and a Vice- Lieutenant
of the same. Mr. Stewart was a younger
son of Sir Michael Newton Stewart, the
fifth Baronet, by his cousin, Catharine,
youngest daughter of Sir W*
well, of Springkcll. He c
life at an early period, a
caster from 1831 to 183
became a candidate for R
free-trade principles, am
after a sharp contest, by a
In politics he was a dec
and an ardent free-trade

House of Commoiif be took if
part in the discuauoo of every ydk
question tbat was brvNigfat foiwit Ik.
Stewart, at the time of bis dmk «
chairman of the Peninsular and Ooem
Steam Navigation Compaoy, Vice F^
sident of the London ScoCtisb SocieiT,H
was also Chairman of the Weit hi
Steam Navigation CompoDy, a watfi
of the London and WesCnmisier Bsak,
director of the Caledonnn RaihiaT, A
British- American Land Compaay^afA
Palladium Life Assurance Coai|Mny,«
other institutions. Mr. Stewart mi ■
married.

31. At Chicheiter, aged 86, Mn
relict of Major-General H. Fiaser, nl
fell in gaining the battle of Deeg, ia tl
East Indies, in 1804» and daqjEber <
the late Hon. Hon. H. Hobart» U.?.i
Norwich.

NOVEMBER.

1. At Manor- terrace* Chelsea, aged 9
Juliet, relict of Charles Armstrong, o^
M.D., of Upper Charlotte-streef, F*
roy-square, and Ealing, Middlesex.

— At Manor-place South, Kioff*s-rosi
Chelsea, aged 72, Miss Harriett Churrhil
niece of the poet, and the last member <
his family.

2. In York-place* Walworth, aged »
John Harris e*j., the very worthy ax
cessor to Mrs. Ef. Newbery, at the coriM
of Sl Paul's Church-yaid, whence s
many nrettily gilt, clever, and interestin
books nave been issued, for the amusemci
and instruction of the young. Mr. Harri
has bequeathed GOOi. Three per Cents, t
the Booksellers' Provident Retreat, lOCk
to the Literary Fund, and lOCV. to tb
Printers' Pension Society.

— At Fomham Hall, Bur>', aged 6^
the Right Hon. Jane Lady Maonen
She was the dauf2;hter of James Butlei
eleventh Lord Calier, and sister to the fin
Earl of Glengall ; became the second wif
of Lord Manners in 1815.

a Aged 34, Thomas Richard Fisher
esq., surgeon to the Raddiffe Infirmary
and the Wameford Asylum, Oxford.

a At Thorparch, aged 76, Theres
Apollonia, relict of Marmaduke Con
stable Maxwell, esq., of Everingham
park.

9. In his 74th year, George Lips
Tinbe, M.D., author of "The History

I Antiquities of the County of Buck'

bam," and of many other topographies
uitiquarian work^ and some medica

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 297

DEATHS.— Nov.

13. In St. Jatnes's-stKH^t^ Lady Ha-
miltoTin relict of Colonel Sir Ralph Hamil-
Urn, of OhveMob, N. B.

14. At Coley-lant)*?, ajtred 78, the Hon,
Sackville Henry Lumley, uncle to the

_ pre5eiU Karl of Sccirboroogh.

^m 13. At Exnioutht aged 87j Sir Digory

^b^oirei^U Knt. He wm (he son of Austeu

^^■forreftti esq., stcirckeep&r to the Vtchjal-

^Hhif? Office al Plymouth. He was ap-

^^poi filed secretarj" to A dm. Macbride at

the cotiimcncctiu'tU of the war^ and held

the same oflicc under three Coovmanders-

in- Chiefs as also to Sir William Young

and Sir Rol>crt Calder, at Plyra<»uth,

uiitili the cliD&e of the war. He was in the

Ardent at the battle of Ct)p<?nihn|jt'n, aX

the battle of Trafalgar, and at the capture

of Demerara, St, Lufia. and Triniilad,

Sir Digory was koighled by the Pnucc

Regent.

}5, Id Mary land I United Slates of
America, at the country seat of her son*
in-law, John Mactavi*h» e*q,, Mrs, Caton,
mother of I he Duchess of Leed*, the Mar-
chioness Wellesley, and Lady Stafford.

17. At his house in QueeriHiiquarei
Bloomsbury, hi his ti7lh year, Thoinas
Ma»5a AUa^cr* esq., of Surbiion, Surrey,
one of the ofFicial a-ssignees of the Court
of Bankruptcy* Mr. AUager had been
for twenty-eigbl years altacbed to the
cs(abli»h(i]cni of tho Tijn^i newspaper »
In which he wrote the ** City articles" on
monctarj and commercial affairs, wln'ch
were received ifith great attention. Uf
this office he had recently tendered his
rcsignatioDf and it was accepted i and it
U ^uppofted that ce^jnation from active
employment had tended to oierthrow the
cf|uilibrium of his mind. On the 4th Nov*
he attempted suicide by making a deep
iociiion on his throat* Coder skilful sur-
gical treatment he via* parlially relieved,
hut yltitimlely died from inflammation of
I ho wounds. ( Fur the coroner'rt inquefit
BCe our Chronicle, p. 17L)

17, In Warrou- street, Pentonville, aped
aboyi 55| Mr Younj^e, comedian. Mr.
Younge embraced the stage at a very
early age* acting at NewcA*ille nod other
theatrei in the north, and, ha v lug created
a ccmsiderable imprc>'.itui, he wai en-
gaged in the York circuit, v^hero he re-
mained many wasons. Mr. Younge's
jiuccesa in York allracted fhe attention of
who wa* scouring the provinces
Rors and actresses, and he made
mppearauee at Drury Lane in
lft22-3 a* Intfo to the Othrtfo of Kean ;
be was eminenliy Aucce:^fult but hi:^ great

namesake, Charles Young, Wat that Bcasnn
engaged, and ihe new actor sank down la
parrs of minor importance. His laj^l en-
gagement was at the City of London
Theatre, under the direction of Mr. R.
Honner.

— [n Baker-street, Lucy, wife of
Samuel Lover, esq,

18. Aged 88, Mary, relict of Colonel
J nines Morgan, of Southamptotit and
eideai daughter of Or, Joseph Wartoni
head master of Winchester college.

— At Cathcart liouse^ near Gla
aged 47» the Lady Augusta Sophia <
caitt iUtcT to Earl Cathrart,

— At BuckfaAt Abbey, Devonshire,
m hb 77th year, Thompis White, e*q., a
retired Rear- Admiral. He enlered the
service in Oct, 1780, at a very early age.
As a midsihipman be was in (he Bnrjfrur
with Sir S. Hood hi six general actions
in the West Indies, including Lord Rod-
ney's action on the 12tb April, I782, He
was made a Lieutenant in July 1790, and
was senior Lieutenant of the Canada m
action with the French squadron of live
fail of the line, which &iiJiured the Alej:^
andre, m 1794. When in at^iing com-
mand of the Pelican, in the WVst Indies,
in 1797 f he distinguished himiielf by hiii
gallantry in an action with two FiTnch
armed vessels^ one of which, the Trom-
peur^ of 12 gun», he liunk. He was pro-
moted to the rank of Commander in Am-
gust 1 798, and in command of the Flthhe
aii^isted in a gallant attack on the FrcncJi
flolills, under a battery at Caoc Gri«nex,
near Boulogne, in 1803. In 1810 he
received posft rank ; and subsequently
commanded the Ariel &nd ihc Vigv in the
Baltic ; tlie Superb, 78, the fl:i\f ship of
Comtnodore Sir Thomas M. Hardy, in
South America. In 1808, he Vfm ap-
pidnted to the Roy at Adelaide^ 104, aa
flag Captain to Lord Amehu^ Beauclerk,
Ihe Port Admiral at Plymouth. In 1842
Captain White received a good-service
pension, and under the recent arrange-
ments he accepted the retired rank of
Rear-Adroiral,

19. At BWghton, aged 34, the Rev,
Charles Frederick Baldwin, M. A., young-
est son of Charles Baldwin, esq., of
Sussex fquare. Hyde-park, and tate Curate
uf Hampton, Midrlle*cx. His Wdy was
in (erred in the catacombs of Hampton
church, with every demons! ration of re-
spec ( and afTectioD.

21. At Kefi^^inglon-gore, Lieutenant-
Colonel Joseph Phillolt. Lieuteuant-
Colonel Phillutt entered the army in

298 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHa— Not.

■ >

i!

IZ'iJiy. and soncd in the expedition to the
HvMer. beins attached to the g^renadier
UittaliiMi whi> ii f«<rmod (>art of the re«en*e.
In 1S(XI hi> nils wi:[i the d5ih at the
blot'Ika-le and capture of Malta. Ho
comaiaiuU'.l a c-.'m|*any in the light bat-
tali' •:! at the h^itrle u? Maida, in 1806.
>Viih the same roffinu-nt he proceeded to
Ki!yp;. and sencd throughout the cam>
{Kii^.i oi 1H<)7. wiiiu-<>ii;^ many engage-
ments, incliiiiini; the ftormini; of the lines
to the we^^ward uf Alexandria, and the
sub<eipient c «i»ti;re of liiitt city. He next
pnK'ee«ied with the »ec«.ind expedition from
Al -xandria nj:jin>t iv^setla. and wua pre-
sent duriu'j the blockade and subsequent
rvtreat. Siinrtly altcr.^ards he aiH:o[n-
p<inied the cx|X*dilion which sailed from
Sicily to the H.iy of Naples, and was
present at the capture of l!M?hia and Pro-
eida.

±2. At DaUton, Lieutenant Thomas
Heales, K.N. He was midshipman of
the liofa in tiie Walrheren expedition
and defenr-e of Cadiz, and sened in the
Ixiats of that siiip at the capture of the
French privateer off Belleis^le ; also at
the c.iptun* of nu arir.fd American briii;
the taking «U' St. M:iry's, Georgia ; in the
contlict wiih the General Armstrong
American pri\a:eiTai Kiyal ; and in the
Infirnul bomb at the sietre of .Aljriers.

* — .\t Hi)uloi:ne, .Mrs. Daniel Mac-
Kinnon, relict of D.iniel MacKinnon,
e$(].. of Uintiild, Berk<. Mr. MacKinuun
was the brother of Mnjor-Geiieral Mac-
Kinnon, a mo>t gallant and di>tingui>hed
nilieer, who tell at C.'iudiid Hodrigo, 19th
Feb. 1812; to whom a tablet has been
erected by the couiitrj- in St. Paul's Ca-
thedral.

"m. At an early ace. Mr. George
Darley, an author of much merit, and a
valuable contributor to the perit)dlcal
literature of the day. The Athrnceum,
to which Mr. Darley was a frequent con-
tributor, contains a hijxh tribute to his
genius. Mr, Parley's published writings
(besides those which have appeared in
Magazines) are ''The Krrt.rs of Kxt.i^-ie,"
a poem ; " The Labours of Idleness," a
miscellany of prose and verse, — which,
though in its dav little successful, has
furnished many he borroivers,

and been, v ••cribed to

others than i 'ta, or the

May Queen,' '»gcnd, —

containing soi «ve and

lyrical i>oetr) le." of

which two Cu Tatcly

published, — a

only too rich in thought and iSan
anci the two dramatic chronidei, " Ika
a Becket,"and '< Ethelstan.** Tkeah
works by Mr. Dariey that weaamt
arc his introductioD to Mr. Moxos'ici
tion of <* Beaumoot and Fletc^'-
hastilj undertmken to supply the pfas^
Mr. Southe}r ; and two or three ■■
popuUr treatises on mafhemitiri ■
astronomy.

24. At JDallindalloch Casile, cool
Elgin, Sir George MacphenoD Gn
Dart., formerly M.P. for the coaWT
Sutherland. \ie wa* boro Feb. *25» \%
and was the son of CafitaJD John Mi
phereon, byr a daughter of Tfaomti Vi
son, esq., of Witton Gilbert, count? Di
ham. In IB06 he inherited, as Lor
provision to hh father's niatpraal nod
General James Grant, the estate of ft
lindalloeh, and assumed the sunufoe
Grant. In 1809 he was returned to P
liament for the county of Sutberia
which he continued to represent (ormt
teen years. He was created a Bun
in 1838. Sir George married, Auf(. 5
1803, Mary, c]dc«t daughter of Tboa
Carnt»gy, esq., of Craigo, For£i«Lire.i
has left issue three sons and three daugliK

27. Suddenly, at his residence, &
mour-rtreet, the Canon Riego, broths
the celebrated and ill-fiited General Ri«
Having lived for many years in li
country, he was known 'to ii consideial
circle, by whom he was much n'ipcrt
and beloved. His literary nltainmci
were varied and extensive, and be \n
wssed in an eminent degree tlie fi
oualities of the Spanif^li character. Ii
deaih was caused bv disease of the he»

~ At Whitehalf. in his (J5th year, \
Brice .MGregor, formerly of the tlti
rciriment of Foot Guards, one of H
Mpjesty's yeomen. He was a native
Argyleshin\ enlij»ted at Gia«^w inlu ll
3rd Guaids in the year I7t)9. and ire
through the chief a'ctions in the fVoi'
sular war, under the Duke of Wellingtu
At Waterloo he was a £?ergrant-Majc
and as>isted Colonel Tro, and Lieutenai
Oeneral Sir James Macdtmnell. of ll
Coldstream Guards, in barring the d(n
at Ilougoumont, and, Iwing' a man <
great bodily strensrth, wa* of much use i
keeping the enemy out of ihe houiie. ii
was also singly attacked by a French cui
assier, who st'nick at M'Gregor with h
sword. The cut was parried, and M'Gn
gor shot the cuira^^sier dead on the spc
and rode into the square on the horse i
the vanquislied Frenchman; M'Giep

exerc

m

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS

I cut the caj^ef frcmi the saddled otii of the
I euiranier m remembrance of the event,
I In 1^1 he was dUcharigeri from ihe
C:! ;ir*l-i, receiving a handsome pensiuDt
I I ! ' r his long service and good conduct
, ii.c Enid offii^fs of the brigade of Guard*
I iippointed him kee|>er of tiie Fool Guards'
Snttlidg-honsc. King George IV. after-
wards apnointed blm a Yeoman of the
Guard, wliich place he held until the time
of his death.

28. At Grove House, Kensiiigtnn-

f>re, os?ed 81^ the Right Hon. Ltnly
liiahelh M'hiibread. tlie last of the chil-
dren of the first Earl Grevi sister of ihe
late and aunt of ihe pre^nt Earl. She
was married, in 1788, to the latij Samuel
Whit bread, ew|.» of Cafdingtoii, Bed*, by
whom *he had Ave children. After Mr.
Whitbr^d'* death. Lady Hliiabeth lived
in retirement at Keniiin0oii, where she
exercised an active and unotitentatiou^
evolence.
— At Saltmarshe, Yorkthire, in his
th year, Philip Salimarahe, esq,, of that
', a Deputy Lieutenant aod magi»-
e of tiie Ea4t Riding of Yorkshire, and
a magistrate of the WcBt Rtding. The
deceased was the eldest son of Philip
Saltmarshe, esq., by Elisabeth^ daughter
of Christopher Rnweon, of Stony Royd,
Yorkshire, esq. ; and was ihe repre«enta-
tJve of a very distinguished fELmily^ which
has flourished at Saltmarsho for nearly
800 years. Mr. Saltmanfhe tnairied. Mny
10, 1824, Harriet, daughter of liubert
Deatson, esq., of Kilnwiek Percy, Ynrk-
ahire, and had ]S4UC three ^oub and two
daugbtere.

Aged 75, at Islington, Henry

esq., of Newgate-street, for

re a member of the C^rfKirarion,

puty of the ward of Farringdon

itbin. And on Nov. *29, aged 76,

obert Wesiwootl, esq., of Newgate *t reel

ond Hackney, for many year* a member

of the Corfjtinitiim, and al*o deputy of

the ward of Farringdon Within. There

is a remarkabte comcidence in the fate of

Iwo respenlabEc gentlemen. Boih

mon council men and deputies

ward; lived next door to

leh other; were eaiactly the «ime a.?e ;

tid Mr. Weitwood furvived Mr. Pricliard

ly a few hodm, dying enrly on (he

orning of the 29lh. They w^re buried

the aame day, and ahnost ail tlie «hf)[)ft

the street in which they lived were

out of respect to their menoory.

29. At Amiens, aged tK). the Lady
imilv Dmmmond de Metfort, daughter

rioted i

CHRONICLE. 299

. — Nov.

of James, third Duke de Melfort» in
France, and (so called) Earl of MelfT>rt»
in Scotland.

— On board the receiving ship
Imaum, at Port Royal, J.im«tea» of
yellow fever, Daniel Pring, esq., Poit
Captain ILN., and Commodore on that
station. Commodore Pring entered the
naval eerviOG at an early age, and when
tery young wa» a midshipman on the
Jamaica station. In 1801 lie sencd on
board the Russell at Copenhagen. bij
1807 he received his Lieutennnt's com-
miK^ioii, and on the breaking nut of the
American war he was in com man d of the
schooner Paz, on Uie fiaiifax station.
When Sir George Prevosit recjuired naval
officers to take charge of the provincial
navy on the hikes, Lieutenant Pring was
selected among others by Sir J. B,
Warren for those duties. In 181JJ
was promoted to the nink of Commander,
and in the following year he was re-
moved by Commodore Sir James Lucas
Yeo from Lake Ontario, to serve with
Captain Dovvnie on Lake Champlain.
Here he was appointed to the command
of the Linnet^ a brig of 16 guna and
about 100 men. tn this brig, under the
command of Ciiptain Dovvnie* in the
Confimicc, and in company with two len-
gun sloops and a flotilU of gun-hnati^i
Captain Pring took part in the celehmter
battle of Piatt6burg-baj» in which eng?ii
ment, dlfostrous as it was to the Briti«||]
Rfms lie signally distinguished himse
Dtirirg the greater part of the contejit the
Linnet was engaged with the Kn^te^ ani
Amerieati brig of much iuperior forp«,j
mounting 20 Ijeavy guns and 150 men,
whieh vessel he completely beat out
the line. Eventually the fAnnet \
compelled to strike, but not until the
other vcifsels of the squadron bad hatded
down their colours. Captain Downie,
who commanded the DritiVh i»r^uadron,
was killed ; and Commander Pnng was
the senior surviving officer of the Kjuad-
ron at the court-martial subsequently held
at Portsmouth, at which be was most
honourably acquitted. For his services
he was, in 1815, promoted to the rank of
Po«t Caplaln ; and on the 2Gth June,
181 &, was appointed to a command on
Lake Erie. He was nominated to the
West India station on the lljth Sept,
J 844, anri early in 184C he hot&tcd nis
hrond pendant as a Commodore of the
second class on board Her Majesty's *hip
Iffutmn, at Port Royal, where he was
highly eneemed and roiipected*

300 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846,

DEATHS.-.DEC.

90. At hw town residence, in Portman-
squarc, afler a long illne&rs, in his 47th
year, John Barneby, esq., of Brockhamp-
ton, Herefordshire,' M. P. for East Wor-
cestenihire, a Deputy Lieutenant and
Major of the Militia for Herefordshire,
and during;; several years Chairman of the
Quarter Sessions for that county. Mr.
Barneby, the eldest son of John Bamebv,
esq., of Bruckhampton, by Elizabeth,
daughter and sole heiress of Robert
Bulkeley, esq., of Bulkeley, Cheshire,
was bom on the 20th Nov.,' 1779. For
a long period Mr. Bameby declined seek-
ing a seat in Parliament, although his
large possessions, and the great esteem
he possessed as a magistrate, would have
well entitled him to represent his c^ounty
( Herefordshire) ; but, at the general elec-
tion of 18dj, Mr. Bameby was invited by
the Conservative party at Droitwich to
oppose the Foley interest, which had
been predominant in the borough, with-
out a contest for nearly a century. The
Atmggle was severe and close, tbc num-
bers on the poll being : —

Mr. Bameby . . 128

Mr. J. H. H. Foley . , 125
In 1835, Mr. Bameby was unanimously
chosen, by his brother magistrates of
Herefordshire, Chairman of the County
Sessions; and in 18;y> he accepted the
chairmanship of the Bromyard Union,
the duties of which offices he discharged
with peculiar zeal and ability. In 1837,
Mr. Bameby having announced his in-
tention of retiring from Droilwlch, the
Conservative party of the eastem division
of the county of Worcester, anxious to
secure his well-known abilities as a public
man in Parliament, solicited him to be-
come one of their candidates in conjunc-
tion with Mr. St. Paul. Although Mr.
Barneby was not even an elector of the
county, he complied with a request so
flattering to his ambition and his pre-
vious political exertions. At the contest,
the greatest excitement took place, the
mob exhibited much violence against the
voters of the Conservative j^irty, and the
military were called out. Not'witlistand-
ing these obstacles, the result of the poll
was to return Mr. Bameby and his col-
league to Parliament by a very decisive
majority, the numbers being : —

St Pau* . . 2595

Bamef . 2528

Holla . 2175

Foley 2168

On the « 1r. Bameby

was re-electecU without a eoDtat,
East Worcestershire; and vUbt
Taried interests of that importsnt a
tuency — u^cultural, maDubcbniii
mineral, found in him an eiSdest
indefatig[able representative, tboe p
cal demaDds on his time were nem
mitted to divert a most rigid i
his judicial duties in Herefon
his capacity as Chairman of those
sions, he was indefotigable in m^
tending the local measures of theoa
From these incsessant Uboun,hitfaail
came much injured, but no remopihi
could induce him, in Febniary 18<
refuse the personal request of SrJ
Graham, that he would preside oic
committee appointed to inquire tsl
administration and operation of the
bert Unions; a position for wUe
possessed every qualification exapl
sical ability ; and the duties of wb
performed with untntermittiog ind
and success, notwithstandinff pcqi
obstacles and harassment. Mr. Bu
never rallied fix>m the fiitiguing c
of this undertaking, being compelk
the close of the S^ion, to retire fro
his active occupations, and to sed
pose in a foreign but more genial cfii
After a year's absence, however, b
tumed to this country unimprove
health, and did not long survive.
Bamebv married, July 24, 1838^ S
eldest daughter of Henry Elwes, cs^
Colesbourne, Gloucestershire, by m
he has lef) issue two sons.

— In Grosvenor square, aged 76,
Right Hon. Eleanor, dowager 1
chioness of Westminster. She was
only surviving daughter and heira
Thomas, first Earl of Wilton ; and oi
28th of April, 17W, was marrict
Robert, Earl of Grosvenor, created 1
quess of Westminster in 1831. By
nobleman she left issue four children.

DECEMBER.

1. In Charles-street, Clarendon-squ
Somers-town, aged 70, Mrs. Agnes
Hall, widow of Robert Hall, M.D., i
geon to the Forces, one of those fen
authors who have contributed so mud
the sound moral tone and good tast(
English literature. Mrs, Hall was a
tive of Roxburghsliire. In early ch
hood, it had been her fate to associati
her mother's home with all that galax'
talent which shed such a lustre over'
Scottish metropolis neariy half m cent

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATH;

a^o, aod which no doubt inspire it her
HJth that bioii in favour uf literature, which
she ever aftrrward-i evinet'd lew have*
perhap* toiiud hnrder iti that Meld. Among
a lifist of various productions we may
enutncrate ihe following : — Rurnl Recrea-
tion, in 2 vols. ; many scientific arlieles
on dij[]'eretil subjects ; for Grei^nrv's Cv'
dopeeciia she wrote the article QuaJrupccki
&c. ; for Nichol*on*a Cydopiedia, lii*ects,
Natxjnd history, &c. ; al&o a Manual of
Bofany» in J volume. To Ihc Old
IVIontlily, vvhile under the editorship of
the late Dr. Aikin, she generally con-
tributed the Varieties o-f I-iterature, Bio-
graphies, and variotis other an ides. She
wrtiie the ontes to Helm's Buenos Ayre» ;
OUlinacy, a lale for youth ; and a sketeh
of the Rev. Dr. Souierville, for the An-
rtual Obituary* She wan aUi a vo]uinin«
ous tniiiiilator ; iti proof of which, we need
only cite Dupon'» Traveb through South
America j Bory St. Vin tint's African
IikUuds; Maiigourefi Hanover; Millin
and Pougueville's Travels; Or* Blug-
don's Voyages and Travels ; Memoirs of
the Life of Victor Alfieri, in ^ vols. ;
Michand'g Travels to the Alleghany
Mountains ; The French Sdiotd of En-
graving, for Rccs's Cycloptcdia; alio
tranftliLtioiift of many of the works of
Madame Geulist &uch ag (he Duchess La
Vallierc^ 8cc-» with many of the work* of
Fontaine ; a Lile of Zuioglius, the Swks
Ridformerp with preface and noteit, the
MS. of which was [mL Latterly iilie also
ecratributed a few Scottish articles to Fra-
•er'i Miga^ine ; amony which we remem-
ber Lodichead's daughter, and the Auto-
Lioffrapljy of a Scotisb Borderer, &c-, re-
printed in Scotland; and many other ex-
c!cUeDt eoQtnbulionsi to other publications.
Among many orij^iiial novels and ro-
mwices, all iiieuhating the purest moraU
and the must patriotic and virtuous priti-
diplet» we may mention! one founded on
ibe Ma&saere of Glen roe ; and Firt^t and
Lait Years of Wedded Life, which exhi-
bited an intimate acqunintaiiee with polt-
licat economy* — the slate nf Ireland^
her evils, and their i»afest remedies. The
acene was laid during King George IV/s
* visit to Ireland. Mr». Hiill was a woman
I of varied talenti and po&seii&ed of &o much
native aod inherent enerRV, that few cir-
icomslances^ however di=aslrnus, could
'wholly subdue or annihilate her power of
[mind,

— At his residence. Orchard, Poole,
Dorsetshire, aged 39, John Sydenhatn,
juo*, cinj. He waa the eldest son of

Mr. John Sydenham, a bookseller in the
town of Fonic, In 18*29 be became
editor of the ♦* Dorset County Chroniclcj**
published at Dorchester, and continui^d
to fullil the duties of that appoint-
ment during a period of thirteen years.
Thai newspaper maintnified, under hti
able management, a highly respectable
pofition amongst its competitors of the
provincial prej^s ; and its column§ were
frequently occupied with matters of liter-
ary, and {specially of antiquarian interef^t
frora the pen of Mr. Sydenham. Mr.
Sydenham wm the authur of many anti-
quarian diii««rtations ; amongit them was
•* The History of the Town and County
of Poole ;" *' Baal Durolrtgeasis ; a Dis-
sertation on *ho ancient Colos&al Figure at
Cerne, Dorsetshire ; and an attempt to
illustrate the Diatinclion between the
Primal Cella» and (he Celto-Ik'lgie of
Britain ; with Observations on the Wor-
ship of the Serpent and that of the Sun,"
In 1842, Mr. Sydenham left the ♦* Dorset
Chronicle," and became editor of *• The
West Kent Guardian," and in 1846 he
estiibli^lied '* The Poole and Dori^elshire
Herald " in his notive towiu

2. At Brighton, Lady Emma Pennant,
sister of the Earl of Cardigan. She w-aj»
the fourth daughter of the sixth Earl, fmd
became in 1827 the second wife of David
Pennant, jun., esq», of Downing and
Bychton, Flintshire, and wa$ left his widow
in* IB3o, with an only daughter.

3. At Cholderfon House, the residence
of her son, A. F, Paxtoo, e-*q., aged HI,
Anne, widow of i:>ir William Paxton,
Knt„ F.S.A., of Middleion HbW, Car-
marthenshire.

— At Haverfordwest^ Colonel Thomas
Fiuttcis Wade, CB.* an Assistant Poor
Law Commis*ioner. He entered the
army in 1 805, and served under Sir James
Craig in Naples and Sicily, and under
Sir John Stuart in Calabria. He was
ppesent at the bottle of Maida in 1806;
tlicn in the Peninsula under Sir Arthur
Wcllesley and Sir Juhn Moore; at the
battle of ' Vimiera, in 1808; and at Co-
runna in tSCK), as Adjutant of the 2flth
Regiment. In the same year he waa
cngogt'd in the Walcberen expedition.
In 1810, being on the i>tafFof Sir Lowry
Cole, who connnanded the 4th division,
he was prewnt at Bu^co ; in 1811, at
Albuera, where be was severely wounded ;
in l8Pi, at Salamanca; in IBIil, at Vit-
toria and the Pyrenees, where be jrreatly
distinguished himself at the heights of
San Marciol above the Bidassoa (vvhcre

SC-i

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— A: A..-:.-- ■.. :V\-x.V. "x-lrrc-ijetiTO,
ibv' K c!'* H.'-- ^Villiiiu ^lol.^to^, 17:h
Bvi'-i.:'. >:':L:rr ;:, ■. :" ^'Aiir: n. Wj^t.^hirc
1 14-I> '. U> L- i- ;>:.ip w-* b-Tii J;:::o 6.
ITTu,': 0 c^.U .-: 'ii oX L'i ar'es lMr.li;\ IGtii
I.*.T'.i ?t«^u::- ::. by li.c H.iii. Mary Laiij-
liiili', 5c. t :-..i uiii.:l'.ti: r ai.il oi'Li-ir ol Maruia-
lUiliO. .j;!t ;i!ii la-t Li>rd Lan^dale. He
*iK'Ctvlcil u> liic lA^^eraeo on ihc death of
his I'atijtrr. Ajril --O. \f>U'>, L'tJ Slour-
ton tluri: vr th^' ureal or j^rt of l.ls life was
cxehuie'l ly h'n rirli^rion from any par-
ticii>aUoii ill p irliamcntary afiairs, but was
an active ini.nil>er of the Roman Catholic
|)artv. After tbe pa-^ '^^ Eman-
ci^iaVion Act, and hi 'mission
to Parii.iment, his » sup-
piirt to the Grey ndmi-
nistnUion*. Uia K in
IXtober 181H), C of
Thomas Weld, ei >tlc,
Donet, ami si^tei ^-

GISTER, 1846.

S. — Dmc,
^smmI WeU ; and bj that ladj.w^n-
«.i<s hiau he had isme fourteeo cbiiiba,
jlj o: whom but one sum re bin.

Ol Ac Gresford, FliDtahiie, iged %
Csar-tM CboUDondeleyt esq^ of Om^
!<=i^n. Cheshire, oolj brother of Lii

_ — Ai Landulph, Cornwall, tk Bn
r.-arcu Vvvran Jago Aruodell. U.L
Rector of that parish, the author sf '*A
V^z lo the Seven Churcbei of Am.'
k*. Mr. Arundeil was the onljioitf
T:>?izia» Jag.>. esq., a solicitor of exicapi
rnc'i.^ at Launcealoo. k lb J«
iSid. ooiaiiied the royal pcriaiwM U
■ill lie the name and* arms of Anotil
a» r\:f reseeitine the sole heirea of the
t't^Kr branch of Arundeil of Tolicna
In lS2t> be undertook his pilgfiisa^li
the S*Ten Churches of A^ia. a pilgnnv
- JO ciidearvd lo the heart of the Chriw.
fr. :n :ho«e churches being coeral ink
the f.'ur.daiion of bis fiuth." Hii mai
obevs wa» to compare the present «*
diii'i\ cf ire Seven Churches with tk
aw:ui pr.tpliecies addressed tocachmtk
ApiX'airpftp : and he was also deairoos to
comciue with that object other gen^
i-hivjil rvsearvhe«. to which he was incti'
by the oswenations of Colonel Leake, ia
h.« ** Jv umal of a Tour iu Asia Minor."
The rarraiive of this expedition, ui
t::o H!!e of " A Vi»it to the S

C'h.irche» of Ami,'* was published is
Is-iS : it not only excited a wide intcfctt
at the :iu;e. but has ever since been a
work cmstaniiy quoted bv writers on the
early history- of the Church. In 18®
Mr. Arundeil commenced a second pil-
^r.uiace. during which he succeeded io
disoovcrins the lake of Anava described
by Hervxiotus, the celebrated cities of
A(\imLa and Sagalassus, and nearly as-
certained the site of Colosscp. Later io
the >aine season he explored the remaioi
of sevtrral other ancient cities, includioi^
the maun-.ticent ruins of ApoUonia, aod
those of Anriooii in Pisldia, which was
the principal object of the journey. Tbeie
remarks were imparled to the public in
his *• l)istu»ver:cs in Asia Minor," pub-
liahed in 1804. — a work which displavs pro-
found learning in every point connected
\iith hi'itory, language, and antiquit}',
accompanied by most agreeable sketches
of the manners and characteristics of the
modern inhnbitants. In ISSa Mr. Arun-
deil again vi.sited the East, but the notes
of tliis voyage have not been made public
Whilst Mr. Arundeil resided at Snivma,
as well as during his travels, he fnnied a

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS.
very valuable eolbetion of antiquiticji,
coin^i and ruanuscripU, mdudin^ some
Gre^^'k copies of Uie (ioaptU. A | tori ion
of hU coius were purchased ^onie Ume
sil1(^e hy the British Mui»eum. Mr.
Arundeli had tkiio made an ejctensive coU
lection of books, mnnu^cripUt coins, &c.,
&c,, reblingto llie history and antiquities
of Uiis couutrv, and pariicularlj rich in
lliose of Com Willi.

— Adam AtukriOP, LL.D., Profeasor
of Natural Philosophy. St. Andrew's,
Dr. A. wns well known in ihc litomry
world, having contributed the arlielts
Baroiaeler, Cold, Dying, Ferraentalion,
Evaporation, lly^roTneljiy, Navigation,
and Pij)sieiil Ueogrnphy. to the '* Edin-
buqjh Encyt-Iopipdia," and Gas Light to
the *• Encyelopajdia Britannica."

— At Tredegar House, Mumncuth'
fthire, in his 67»K year. Sir Chark* Mor-
ffUfi, the £ccomt Bart, of that pl;iee
(1782). He was born Fehruni^ 4, 17G0,
the ddt»»t *on of the Right Hon, Sir
CharJesGouid Morgan, Bart., D. C. L.,and
iVI. P. for BrL'Conihircan eminent civilian,
who tva* created a Baronet io J78'2» and
ill conftvinity with the tcitauuntaiy in-
juiictiuti of liift brother*in law, John M<ir-
gnn, esq., a^siimed the name and arins of
Morgan. Sir Charles Mur^n succeeded
to the title in December 1806. He was a
most liberal landlord, and lind for a long
series ofyear> expended a large iMpilai in the
improvt'tnont of his extensive propiTty in
Wales. There w;is not in the prineipality
auch a munificent promoter uf the welfare
of the agricultural classes. His annual
rattle shows at Tredegar have for the la^i
quarter of a century main tat ned a hig^h
character, as he di&iributeil prizes amount-
ing !o nearly 500/, m Uie »hape of silver
cup* and premium* to breeders of live
iloek ; and he iua lately erec1e<l one of
the most extcniivc cattle markets in the
kinjjriioiOt at Newport, entirely at hij* own
expense. La^t wiiiier the nobility and

. gentry and the yeomanry of the couoties
of Brecon and Monmouth raised a *ub-
■rription to present the worthy Baronet
with a testimonial, and we believe a sum
I tittle flboft of 3000/. vnA subscribed. Sir
'ChftrlM Morgan married Mary Magda-
len* daughter of Captain George Storv%
R. N., and by that lady, who died in IB07,
lie bad a ^idly of four sons and three
daughten.

At Southsea, Colonel Ulehard
, second commandant of the Wool-
i division of Royal Marines. Colonel
Swnle eaterod the corpa of the Koyal

CHRONICLE, • ~m

^Du:.

Matnnea in Septfinber 1798, and wai*^
forty years in active service* He wtw
appointed to the Diadrnty and served witli
the army in Holland in two general aciiona
in 1799. In the following year ho ae-
eom|.>anied tbe expedition to Quiberon
Bay, and was at the takiii|Sf of a fort and
tRo batteries at the Morbihan, and tbe
destn;ction of a brig of war and other
vessels. He was present under Lord
Reiih at the surrendering of Genoa, at
the landing in Egypt, and the octions of
the lath and '2Ut of March, 1801. Fori
hk services in that country he received il
medal. In I B02 he was at the fihoie al^ 1
tack of Portn Eerraju, nnd wns engngedt
in several boat actions at the blockade of
Boulogne. Ho wa# of the Uiomede at
the fciptnre of ihc Cape of Good Hope
and of tbe French fiigale Vfthtntaire, '
1 800. He landed at Biieno* Ayrt
I ntcned the city after a fbort content in
tbe field, and captured in his retreat with^
hia detachtiK'ut two brats field pieces in
the fjire of a superior force of the enemy,
and served in tbe breaching battery beforo
Monte Video, until the place was currieift
by assault in 1HU7. In 1810, in the Ne-
meiu, be ansisted in the cutting out of
two Danish war schooners and the destruc-
tion of several of I heir gun-boal5. Cf>-
ionel Swale had received the appointment
of second commandant at Wttolwith ; hnt
bad not been able to join, h.iving been
iieverely injureil by the ovcnumiug of a
stage coach in which he wa* pn&serger

— At Bidgonie .Mills, Fifes hire, at the
advanced age of 81, Mr. David Booth,
lunif on industrious labourer for the Lon-
don hook*eilers. Mr, Booth was bom at
Kinncttles in Forlarsbire, of humble pa-
rents, and was entirely Relf-taoghL After
occupying hipi«4?lf as a brewer and a
school master, bo seltled at London as a
" literary man." His " Tnule^man's A*-
sifttant," and a •* Ready Reckoner/* in
8vo, and a volume of ♦* Interest Tables,"
in 4to, are higldy esteemed among the
mercantile clas-^e^. He was also »uthor
of "The Art of Wine-mikiug," "The
Art of Brewing," published by the Society
for the DilTustiimof ITseful Knowledge, tnid
the *' Explanation of Scictilific Term*/'
puhlithcd by the same society, *" The
Principles of En^li^b Compofition/* iind
*' An Analytical Dictionary oft he English
Language, on a new plan of arranij^e-
mcnt ;*' of the latter, however, only one-
half has been published. Mr. Booth re-
ceived from Hir Robert Peel a grant of
50/. torn tbe Boyol Bounly Pua£

k

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 305

DEATHS.— Dec.
in 1820 without oppo- reAigftiaiion of Lord Bute, in April 1 763,
till the format ioti of Lord Ho eking ham's

- - I.. - ■

hm 1626 afler u contest,
80, 3831, mid 1832 hii return was
HJted ; but in IS^Ja he was defeated
V Bailey, the Conservative candidate.
f7 ha again eamc in, on the rcsig;-
iof one of the members, but on the
Dssolution in 1841 Colonel Davie*
tfretired.

At her father'^, l-YP*"' Gower-
>Jmie, second daughter of William
saq,, and j^mnd daughter of tlic late
Hunter, LL.D., Priia-ipoJ of the
I CoVlej^cs of St. Salvador and St.
<rd, in the L^ivcrsily of St, An-

At Carkruhc, Madame de Sdblen-
irife of General de SablenkofF. of
lu^&ian Service, find only daughter

late John Julius Aof^ersfein, esq.

At his house, in Hamilton-place.
9Ut year, the Rtjuht Hon. Thomas
rille, a Privy Cauncilluri Chief
e in Eyre South of Trent, and a
te of the British Mu*eum. The
ing sketch of the life of this emi-
jentleman U from the pen of one
Cquainted with him: —
or two generations the history of
Irenvilles, distinguished by heredi-
lescent, but iilustrious by personal
hasi been intenvovcu with the
I of their country. The lost of tlie
i generation lt8<^ but now passed
from the busy scene on which we
tmaiu. It i^ right that, while we
Ltlie death of such a matH hh life
nm rcealled to u», though it cati
i reehly represented in this short
lir.

It, Richard Greuville, of Wottoii
ickinghamsbirc, married the iister
bcount Cobhani, ^vho afterwards
ic Viscountess Cobbam and Coun-
remple in her own rigiit. Their
en were — Ui chard, Earl Tem|>ie,
lEry of State ; Georpei who shall
jnlioncd presently ; Thoniai, Cap-
1 the Navy, killed in action ; James,

of Lord Glastcnbtjry and General
{lenvillc ; Henry, Oovcnior of Bar-
I and Ambasmidor at Con^tanti-
; and one daughter, who mariied
irl of Chntham.

lie character of Mr. George Gren*
tlic second ion, will be preserved
Ig IIS our language lasls, by Mr.
t^ tjpeech upon American taxation,
ulficient fur the present purpose to
Jiat he was Pnme Minister and
Dell or of the Exchequer from the

>L. LXXXVIII.

minlstr?, iti July 1760. In February
1765, he proposed the memorable Act
of Parliament for imposing the Stamp
Duties on the American colonies, which
was carried by a majority of 240 a^ain^t
49, after little oppoBition, and a- verj'
languid debate — no one appear* at that
time to have at nil fore^i^u tlie t re mend -
ouii sf9cial and political euusequenecs
with whicli this financial measure was
frau^^bt, Mr. George Grcnville died in
1770.

He left by his wife, daughter of Sir
William Wjndham, grand-daughler of
the proud Duke of Somerset, four daugh-
ters Lady Williams Wynn, the Count-
ess of Carj'sfort, (he Countess Fortes cue,
Mns. Neville (whose husband became
Lord Braybrooke), and three son*.
The first son, George, succeeded his
uncle as Earl Temple, and was created
Marquess of Buckingham ; the second,
Thumiu', the subject of this memoir, was
bora on the J)Ut of December, 1733;
Ibc third was William Wyndhani, after-
wards the great Lord Grenville.

*' The three sons were educalcd at
Eton and at Oxford, and placed under
the careful tuition of Bishop Cleaver and
Bishop Bandolpb. Mr. Grcnville was
entered as a gentleman commoner at
Chrbt Church, before he was sixteen
year* old ; Lord Grcnville was a student
of the aame House, Mr. Grenville en-
tered the army on the l&ih of May, 1778,
as an ensign in the Coldstream Guards,
On the 9ih of October, 1779, he wa^
gazetted as lieutenant (hi* eommisaion
bearing date the 30[h of September) in
the regiment of Foot, afterwards the
S6tb, or the Rutland regiment, of which
Anthony St. Leger was appointed co-
lonel.

'* In the Gazette of the Itith of Fe-
bruary, 1780, we read that Ensign John
Hulhwaite wa^ appointed lieutenant in
the H^ith, vice T. Grenville, nothing being
said as to the cause af the vacanev. On
the *20th of the «me month, the Hon T,
Parker is gazetted as eti^ign^ vice T,
Grenville rationed. The explanation of
thejic statements affords a curious illus-
tration of the height to which parly spirit
waa carried. At thia time several volun-
teer regiments were rai*ed, and the siroug
political bias which influenced the ap-
pointment and promotion of the new
ofljcers became the fiubject of two fierce
attacks in Parliament upon the adininis-

306 ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1840.

DEATHS — Dk.

tntion of Lord North. Mr. Gren?iUe
bad been returned to Ptrliament u mem-
ber for Buckinghamihire Cm the place
of hit brother, who had become Earl
TWnple), on the aOth of October, 1779.
In the debate on the Army Estimate!,
upon the 11th of April, 1780, 1 find that
' Mr. Fox called upon Mr. Orenville to
inform the House the particulars of the
ill treatment he had received on his
application for preferment*

** * Mr, Grenville, in a Tery correct and
Beat speech, stated to the House that
having been an ensign in the guards for
a twelvemonth, and the next step ip the
guards being to a captaincy, he applied
to the commander-in-chief to be niade a
captain in an old regiment ; the answer
be received was, that there were many
old lieutenants who had applied for that
promotion before him. Satisfied with
this, he remained content till his friend
the Duke of Rutland offered him a cap.
taincy in his new-raised corps. He ap-
plied again to the commander-in-chief,
and was refosed, upon the plea that he
eould not take two steps at once. He
then applied for a lieutenancy in the
Queen's regiment, which happened to be
vacant, and all the ensigns of which

<« In 178B» h0 WM cnbHtai ly M
Rockingham and Mr. FooiloaiHfiii
terma at that treaty which «Bi !»««
Great Britain fmm her AflMrioa oh-
nies— a treaty of
and importance, and to be
with Dr. Franklin and
gennea. The reputation of the hlkrn
a diploniatiit waa at that tiaM aarinM
in Europe. The Comte da Ymgmtt
gives a detailed aooount of tfab asgHh
tion, in his iteapntch to the Coaii k
Montemorin, the Spanirii wakamim,
and also an intovsting akeCdb of Ihtd^
ject of this memoir.

" 'M. GrenviUe eat tr^ piopn k »
commander la miaaion dont it art cbqi;
c*est un jeane homme do trenlB ms ■
plus, qui annonoe beauooop diespritctii
sagesse, d'homidtet^ et de modnliii I
a|^»rtient k ime bmille oonmMnkh,^
est life d'intMt avec le miniitta aeWl
et il n'est guire vraiaemhlaUe qua esU*
ci lui eftt destine une Mb mam pht il
aussi peu analogue A aa iiaiasaiino di
son 6tMt que oelui de venir noos enaayv
et nous tromper.' * Je lui ai cili* (It
says in another place) ' le traits de m
et les sacrifices immenaaa <|u*il boqi ■
cout6 dans toutea lea partiea dn tmrnkb,
petitioned in his fovour, but he was again quoi(||ue la contestation ne rouUt dms In
refosed, unless he would specify what principes que sur que](|uea tenms tf
were the reasons which had induced the les bords d*Ohio. Vous ne pouvei, ■

ensigns of the Queen*s regiment to re-
commend him, and to give up their own
claims in his &vour. He was an appli-
cant another time to be a captain of one
troop of an honourable gentleman's horse,
who had raised the corps on condition of
appointing his own officers; this like-
wise he was refosed, till at length, finding
that he was singled out for ill treatment,
he felt himself disgusted, desired to re-
sign his commiraion, and quitted the
service.' (Parliamentary Register, vol.
xvii. p. 497-8.)

** Mr. Grenville earlv enrolled himself
in the party of Mr. Fox, to whom he
became subsequently bound by the ties
of personal friendship. This alliance
afterwards placed him in opposition to
the politics of his femily, and so he con-
tinued to be until the period of the
French Revolution— though no differ-
ence of political opinion ever impaired
the warm affection which subsisted be-
tween the three brothers. The high
estimation in which his abilities were
held may be more certainly deduced
from the following fects, than firom any
amount of indefinite panegyric :—

je dit ik M. Grenville, rejeter cet ei-
ample ; il est I'ouvrage de Lord <
votre onde.* (See Flassan, J
G^n^rale de la Diplomatie FiantriiB,
tome vii. p. 928, Ice. )

^* Mr. Grenville was aoddenly recalled
from his mission by the death of Lori
Rockingham. This event waa foOoned
by the immediate secession from ofioe «f
I^oi, Burke, Lord Jdtm Cavendish, sad
the Duke of Portland. Mr. GmviOe
joined the seceders, tboush in the aea
admioistration fiormed under Lord SM-
bume and Mr. Pitt his two biotbers bdd
high office— Lord Temple beioff aude
lora lieutenant, and his yoongwDrotbcr,
chief secretary for Ireland. This govam-
ment, after the lapse of a few montfai,
was overthrown by the coalition of Loid
North and Mr. Fox.

** Mr. Orenville supported the coalitioB
minis^, and so high was the opfaiioo of
his abilities, that he was deatined for the
office of Governor-General of Indi^ Tlds
appointment was to take place under tbe
femous India BiU; this meaime Mr.
Fox vainly endeavoured to mai iato a
law ; but it gave.his rifa), Bti; Pitt, tba

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 307

DEATHS— Dec.

opportmiit? of establishinp, in 1783, Lis
loDg and triuTQphant administrntian. In
the ensuinjf year parlmracnt waa dis-
solved, ond in the new parliainent Mr.
Grcnville had n^ icat, but at the next
dissolution, in I79(), he was retumed for
Aldborough.

'* In 179J» the uncliBguised eagerness
of the EmpreJ58 Catherine to seiie upon
Poland and Constantinople induced the
adrnioistration to propose in parhnment
the increased navaj. force known in his-
lory as the ' Russian Arraament* Mr,
Grenville, still acting with Fox, made a
motion in ParliatDGnt ai^in&l the mea^'
iure, which wa-s lost by WH to 1 1 4.

"In 1793, Mr. Grenville, Windhain,
and BurltLS atrennou^ly supported Mr,
Pitt and Lord Grenvllie in passing the
Alien Bill and other mcasnres laJien by
the latovemment for the security of the
country. At the same time, they re-
ceiTcd the support of the Duke of Port-
land, Carl ritxiriltiuD, Earl Spencer,
and Lord Porcheater, afterwards created
Earl of Carnarvon. In 1794, Mr. Gren-
ville was sent with Earl Spencer, as
miniiter extraordinary to the Court of
Vienna. The rank of a privy councillor
waa conferred upon Mr. 6renvilie in
1796.

** In the next year he was depatched
on an cmhaisy to the Court at Berliui
the object of" which was to induce the
King of Pru»ia to co-operate with Great
Britain and the Allieu Powera afi^ainHt
ntinued aggressions of the French
ibltc

The winter had been very severe,
and the ice was not yet broken up at the
time of his departure, which took place
towards the end of Januanr. The ship
in which he sailed was called the Pro^
wefpine; and in Tfte Oracle and Uaify
iliftwrtwerof Friday, March 8, 1799, 1
find a rery interesting narratiTe of his
ill-fated voyage.

*• ' The following is an extract of a
letter from a gentleman who was a pas-
aenger in the Proserpme frigate, dated
^om Newark bland ^ near where the ship
was lost.

" ' Newark (Newcrke) Island,
** * Feb. 4.

** * Un the 29th of January we sailed
froott Yarmouth with a fair wind, in the
Proserpine frigate, Captain \Villis» No-
tbtng calamitous bap|)cned for the firft
two dayiT on the 31 st, wc were dose up
with Heligoland, and got of a pilot. The
same night wc lay at anchor at the mouth

, Britain

I

of the river Elbe. On the following
davi wo weighed and proceeded a Uttte
way up the river* wnen we touchiod
ground, but afler a bhort time bad tfa«

ffood fortune to get off, and proceeded a
ittle further, when it fell a dead calm,
and we came to anchor abreast of tht^
island. At this period, so much ice wa^
coming down the river that it was judged
prudent to put out to sea ; but wc bad
not proceeded far, before wc again struck
on tnc sand abreast of the Seahom Bea-
con, about two miles from land, where
the remains of the ship still lie, without
any hope of being ever got off, where
she first struck ; though surrounded on
all sides, every exertion was made to get
her off at high water. All her guns,
shot, and stores of every kind were
thrown overboard, but all endeavonrs
failed; and on Saturday morning (Fe-
bruary 2nd) it was reiolved that all
hands should leave this island. !t was
half-past one when we miitted her, and
we all set off on our march together; but
the weather was so intensely cold, that
twelve men and boySf and a woman and
her child, died by the way. One marine
reached the ligfatliouse, bul died soon
after, owing to his unfortunately drinking
too much liquor. Two of the marines
which are mis«ing are thought to have
retunied to the thip, where diey will
certainly perish. They were both men
of bad character, and went back for the
purposes of plunder. We reached this
iiknd in about two hours and a half,
after a very fatiffuing march over the ice.
As for mvselfp I bore it remarkably well,
and wa* one of the first who reached the
shore. Mr. Grenville bnre it with un-
daunted courage, and never seeraeil once
cast down by the dangers that surrounded
him. Indeed, all belonging to bis suite
behaved verj^ well, and as for the captain,
and officers and men, nothing could sur-
pass their great exerlioiis and good con-
duct, from the commencement of our
misfortunes to the reaching the »hore.
Wc have lost every thing ; Mr. Gren-
ville ha* not even a change of linen, but
we saved his despatches. The losses^ of
the officers are equal to oMr*, as they
have not a change of clothefi. Wc arc
obliged to wait at this inland till the next
tide, in order to take the opooftunity of
walking over the *and*, which are eight
miles distant from Cuxhaien. We mus-
tered, on marching, 173 persons, includ-
ing officers, pastcngen, and men. The
people of Newark uland are eiceedingty

X a

308 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATHS— Dec

%

kind to lu, and we want for nothing.
Mr. GrenTille and tbe gentlemen of hu
suite are all quartered in tbe best bouses,
and mess togetber. Mr. Grenville is in
good bealtb and spirits, and bas bebaved
witb great kindness to all around bim.
I must not omit to inform jou, tbat the
loss of H. M. ship was not owing to the
neglect of the pilots, as every buoy had
been carried away by the ice, and all the
landmarks were covered witb snow.*

" Tbe crew which behaved so well had
been deeply implicated in tbe mutiny of
the Nore, and the admirable discipline of
Captain Wallis may be estimated by the
ha, tbat when tbe sentinel at his cabin,
seeing his comrades depart, asked, * What
am 1 to do ? ' be was answered, ' Wait
till you are relieved.* Tbe escape was
chiefly eflected by the use of pikes which
were on board; and, by tbe aid of bis
pike, Mr. Grenville was once saved from
perishing in the water. All the de-
spatches were not saved, but he threw
some of his most important papers into
an official box, and gave tbem to the
messenger from the Foreign Office who
attended him ; — the man held the box by
a brass ring, and so intense was tbe cold,
tbat before they reached land the ring
had eaten into the bone of his finger.
Mr. Grenville brought with him his
nephew, now Sir Henry Williams Wynn
(our ambassador at Copenhagen), but
then a lad, whose life was preserved by
tbe exertions of his uncle.

" Mr. Grenvillc's perils were not over
when be arrived at Newerke ; the expe-
dition from that place to Cuxhaven is
thus described in a private letter.

" * Cuxhaven, February 7th.

** * We have again experienced a most
providential escape, having been, if pos-
sible, exposed to more danger and fsUigue
than before. We stayed at Newerke till
yesterday morning, when our landlord
thought we should be able to get to Cux-
haven ; we therefore set off that morning
at seven o'clock, accompanied by seventy
men. When we had proceeded half a
mile we found some water a foot deep ;
our guides said it was only a little giuly
one nundred yards over ; we therefore
went on, when to our dismay we found
tbat they bad mistaken the time of tide,
and that we were getting deeper and
deeper in the water, which was m some
places up to my middle. We waded
through it for three miles with a rapid
current, as the tide was coming in instead
of going out; it froze so hard tbat our

boots were one mam of ioe. Tbe eip-
tain and tbe rest of the men ster st
Newerke ; they were to hare come bere
thb morning, but we sent a penoo lo
prevent their coming. '

'* For a long time the total Iom of tbe
Proserpine was believed in Engfamd.

'* Tbe mission proved unsncoessfti! :
the Abb4 Sieves persuaded the King of
Prussia to adhere to his neutnli^, and
Mr. Grenville returned to Engfauid.

"In 1800, be was appointed Chief
Justice in Eyre South of Trent — a sine-
cure place worth about 2000lil a yesr.
He took an active part in tbe oppositioD
to the Addington Government, and to the
Treaty of Amiens, — on which subject be
spoke several times, and voted in the small
minority of twenty on Mr. Windham^
motion condemnatory of that peace. It
was with relation to one of bis speeches
on the Peace of Amiens that Dr. Law-
rence, no mean critic, said to a persoo
firom whom I have the anecdote, — * Tom
Grenville made an excellent speech last
night, very neat, very short, but just at
the right time, and completely to the

S»int; it had a great effect upon the
ouse.* Upon other occasions he spoke
in detail and with much eloquence and
fervour, and had a considerable repatation
as a speaker in the House of ConiaMnis.
In June 1805, Mr. Grenville voted in die
majority for the criminal prosecution of
Lord Melville. In February 1806, after
the death of Mr. Pitt, Lord Grenville and
Mr. Fox formed their celebrated adminis-
tration ; in July, Mr. Grenville succeeded
to the presidency of the Board of Control
on the appointment of Lord Minto to the
government of India. In September, on
the death of Mr. Fox, Lord nowick was
removed from the Admiralty to the For-
eign Office, and Mr. Grenville was ap-
|)ointed First Lord. During tbe short
time that he presided over this important
office, he was called by Lord St Vinoent,
*a protector of friendless merit* (Sec
Tucker's Life of Lord St Vinoent, vol.
ii. p. 314.) He promoted Captain Wal-
lis, the commander of tbe Praserpinej and
gave his first commission to Sir Charles
Napier. In March 1807, George tbe
Third, under a pretext of alarm about
the Roman Catholics, broke up tbe gov.
emment After this period, Mr. Grm-
ville considered himself as having with-
drawn from public life, but he came down
to tbe House of Commons and recorded
his vote on three occasions : — 1 . In &vour
of Roman Catholic Emancipation. 2. In

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS Dec.

I

fcvour of the Repeal of the Income Tax.
3» tn favour of fiis nephew, Mr C. Wjl-
liains Wvnti, when a candidate for the
S|)eaJteriliip, — ^this vote was recoriJe<l in
li*l7, and was the la*t he pa\e. In 1818
he retired aitogcrber from Parliament and
from that time till the day of his death
hred in the society of his fnendg and books.
Nevertheless he took to tlie la^t moment
(when the state of Ijreland much occupied
Im thou|j[hU) a ket^m interest in all tbal
|KLssed in the world ho had left. His j^at
fl|Tc hroiigbt with it a consoUtion (granted
granted to few. He survived Lord Gren-
vi!lc, the brother whom he admired and
loved— hut he lived io see all the |!fruat
measures for the welfere of the stale wliich
his hrolber had so widely planned^ and so
doquenlly suppurtedi carried into tardy
eflert, many of them by the party which
had malig^iied the motives and ohst meted
the execution of his policy* The eman*
cipalion of the Roman ' Cathohcs^the
abolition of slavery — the openiu^ of the
Indian Trade— the abolition of the duty
oui com— the partial improvement of the
ttate of the Roman Catholic prie?U in
Ireland, rauat have appeared to Mr, Gren-
Yille K> many homages to the wisdom of
that course of polity of wliich lii* brotherj
bini'scir and indeed his family, had been,
through evil and through s?ood report, the
unfiiifiching advocatoiiu Hi&poliLical prin-
ciples were what liave latterly been called
Conservative, he * had coined to himiielf
' Whig principle^/ from an Ejujtu/t die,'
, to borrow, wilha slight alteration » the em-
phatic language of Mr. Burke, Like (hut
great statesman, !^lr» Grenville thought
highly of the tics which bind pubHc men
to act together for the public good : like
him, Mr. Grenvillc distrusted and feared
all proposal* for sweeping alleraliona in
Ihc constitution of the Houitc of Com-
mons : like him, Mr, Grenville thought
any one nho taught the people to look
elsewhere than to parliament for the relief
of their grievance* was a traitor to the
BriliKh Conslitution.

** My knowledge of hi*; public charade r
h derived from what i have read and
heard — but of hl» private character an
iottmacy of many years enables me to form
a jusler estimate;' and it was too remark-
able not to leave a lasting impression upon
tlio*e who were admit ted to a near
acquaintance with it,

*■ And» first, * heerent infjxi peclore
vuUu5.'— His Appearance, even to the last
moment of his great age, was very slrik-
in^ ; hii features were fine and regukr,

and the expression of bis countenance
singularly noble. His deep blue eye wai
fthadowed by a large eyebrow, and seemed
equally formed for the mildest and mo«t
jienetrattng glances. Ao attentive observer
would have read his character in tboivc
glances,-— they expressed ihe steady vigour
of his clear and exerciijed understanding,
and the warmsympalhiMof his gentle and
benevolent heart. Those who remember
his manhood pronounce him to liave Iwen
enfiiiiently haiid&ome. The portrait of
Hoppner. painted at that time, wa^s never
satisfactory to them, nur was the bust of
Chantrey, executed about ihe same lime ;
but his old age has been preserved by Rich-
mond, in a pic lure drawn about a year
before his death, in the happiest manner —
no light praiJ^e of that dibtingui^hed artist.
** Hi5 mind had not the extent of cajm-
clly, the eoraprchensive grasp and far-
seeing vision, nor bad it the vast attain-
ments in learning and political $»ciem'e,
which placed hi* brother. Lord Grenville,
among the first rank of English statesmen;
but his natural endowments and his
acquirements were of a very high order.
His perception was quick, his understand-
ing vigorous, his reason strong and manly,
hh memory, like that of all hia race,
marvellously faithful and swift, and stored
with the nchest treasures of literature.
During the latter years of his life, when
forbidden to take his accustomed exercise
out of door*, he found the full benefit of
this inestimable gift, solacing, as I have
of\en beard him declare, his solitary walk
to and fro in his rooms, by repeating to
himself the noble pasisages with which be
had from time to time fed his mind.
There vk3a oil in his wcll-trimmcd lamp to
the I a* I moment \ the flame scarcely
flickered, but went out at mwe. While
his memory afforded tbi* recreation and
support to himself, it was scarcely less
delightful to bis friends, to whom ita
treasures were always of)ened io the mo«t
liberal and agreeable manner ; for lliey
were set forth witli an extraordinary com-
mand of language and an admirable choice
of expression. To hear the ricii variety
of anecdote, political, sociaL and hislori-
cab — whether the anccdutcs were tho4)«
which he had heard, and which hiii strong
memory retained, of his father's days —
tale* for instance of Ihe poet Glover, and
of General Wolfe — or those which be-
longed to the stirring times in which he
had himself lived, and of which he had been
a great part— storie»of the tlluitriouji men
whose friendship he had shared i recollec-

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APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS.— Dec.

corrected by the author, is sufficieutly
ktiown^ It 19 of the gfreatest §caRnly oil
paper, but a Tellum copy is among the
rarest of Italian Ijooka. " Tliis bad be*
longed to Contc Gnrimberti^ at Parroa.
Of the other three, oth; is in the BarberiDi
Library ; one in the V icenza Library ;
one with Sig. ValctU* ISapoJt. All on
the sacae ugly veil una /'

'* * CHAUCER, CANTERBUHY TAl^S. FOL.
2nd EDITJOK. CAXTON*

** • The only perfect original copy of tbtH
volume, a& I believe, is that in tbe' library
of St. John's College, Oxford, Thfs
beautiful copy of mine, wanting several
l«Avea, I bad them supplied in facsimile,
by Harris, from the copy at St. John's—
it is now quite perfect/

" No man, however, was further re*
moved from beinga mere collector of curi-
ous books. The clasaics of all laoguages,
with the exception of Geraian, were bis
con§tant friendi^, and he read almost every
new publication that po»5e^i§«d any merit
or interest. *■ Tbe Grenvtlle Homer' is
uti^qucitionable evide»:ice that he ftbared
with hti eldest brother, aod with Lord
GrenvtUe (who knew the Iliad and
Odyiaey nearly by heart), his affection
for the Father of Poets ; but it always
seemed to me tliat Lucretius and Plalo
were his favourite authors, I have often
listened with delight to the clear tones of
hta voice repeating tbe verses of the for*
mer ; and the Dialogues of the latter
werer duriTig tbe last year, constantly in
Ms band. He was al^j a constant reader
of Seneeaand Epietetus, and of the ' Holy
Living and Dying* of Jeremy Taylor;
the writings of both tbe Sberlocka were
also favourite studies; in his edition of
Deau Sherlock on Ueatb, 1 have seen
written in pencil, * read ibirteen times in
]@46f and the day before be died he
read, twice over, a portion of Bishop
Sberlock^s seninm on the tcitt * May I
tbe the death of the righteous, and may
my lasf end be like bis.' It was, doubt-
less from tbe.ie bving waters, and from
the Divine fountain whteb fed them, that
he imbibed tlie fortitude and inaotiiiess
of character which di*(ingui»hed him to
the moment of his k^t breath. His habits
of daily life were marked l»y extreme
simplictty. regularity, and temperance ; to
these he was, probably, most indebted for
the extraordinary vigour of his constitu-
tion, which enabled him to say that, dur-
ing hta long life, sickneis had never oon-
fined him to his bed for a single day«
Time never seemed a burden to bim.

every bour bad its employment, his re-
sources never appeared to fail. The fruit
of this admirabie order and discipline was
a continual chcerfiilness and evenness
of spirit. He possessed this bappv qual-
ity in a greater degree than any liody I
have e\cr known : and it was united witli
habitual command of temper and un-
remitting vigilance over himself. Tb©
influence of a disposition so formed, and
trained upon his naily life^ was most eon-
slant aud most edif) ing ; his was, indeed,
*jucuiida wnectus.* He was ever on
his gnard against the moral inBrmities of
old age ^ most rarely, 1 had almost said
never, did an expression of peevishness
escape from him ; but he loved to d^vell,
in terms of deep gratitude, on his extra-
ordiuory immunity from the usual ilia
incident to length of yeara. I remember
caJltng upon him one day during the last
year, and receiving to the u*^ual inquiries
after his healtli tlie following answer, very
kindly prefaced :^* There is but one
altitude which becomes me» 1 should be
fonnd perpetually on niy knees, returning
thanks ^r tiie great blessings I have eQ-
joyed.' fn the same spirit he said to his
medical attendant, a few days before bis
death, * I am a«bamed of sending for
you; people will *ay. Does this old man
expect to live for ever?*

^* Even this slight sketch would be in-
complete without some notice of his per-
fect good breeding, perhaps the natural,
unhappily not (he invariable result of Ibe
higher qualities whicli 1 have mentioned.
His was real courtc<^y, ns unlike as possi-
ble the tinsi'l counterfeit which so often
parses current for it. The unaffected
kindness and frjinkneas of hia nature were,
indeed, enhanced by his polished manners
and noble demeanour, but you never lost
sight of the jewel in tlie gilding ; (be
frame was never loo gorgeous for the pic-
ture. Nobody better understood how to
exercise the rites of hospitality, every
guest felt the equal eoKdlahty of bis wel-
come, and ihe cheerful warmth of his
manner. The last occasion on which I
dined willi him, but a few days before his
death, when his *eye was dim, and his
natural force abated/ 1 could R'C that be
exerted himself to receive bis guests as
ui^ual ; hut, even when suffering under
the illness which destroyed him, he scarce-
ly spoke of bimeelf, or said *that hit
chief malady was being nirtely-one/ He
died a few days afterwards, on Thursday,
17tJi of December, 1846, at 7 ci'clock in
tbe uftemoon, as be wu sitting in his

I

312 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

DEATH&-.DZC.

chair, having undergone but little pain,
and having, as he well deserved to have, * all
that should accompany old age — honour,
love, obedience, troops of friends.' No
man in the prime of youth was wept over
with more genuine tears than toe old
man of ninety-one.

*« After his'dcath it became known that
his charities during his life had been very
great, and the hand which adminbtered
them generally concealed.

*' He left an ineffaceable impression
upon the hearts of his relations and
friends. He belonged to an age, a school,
a race that is past.*

** * Non come fiamma, chc per forza e spenta,
Ma che per se medesma si consume,
Sc n'anau in pace Tanima contenta :
A gui&a d'un soave e chiaro lumc,
Cuinutrimentoa poco a poco manca;
Tcncndo al fin il buo usato costume.*
"«. P."

— At Wobum-square, aged 72, John
Bellamy, esq., late of the House of Com-
mons. He was the son of the late John
Bellamy, C!>q., who was for a long time
Housekeeper of the House of Commons,
which office the late Mr. Bellamy like-
wise filled for many years with great respect
and esteem. He was also an eminent
wine-merchant in Parliament-street. He
had lately retired from his duties at the
House, as he had some time from the
cares of business, with a large fortune.

— At Oddington House, aged 91,
Lady Reade, relict of the late Sir John
Reade, Bart., of Shipton Court, and
youngest daughter of Sir Chandos Hos-
kyns, Bart.

21. At Alexandria, suddenly, from
congestion of the brain, aged nearly 21,
Lord Bernard Thomas Filzalan Howard,
third and youngest son of the Duke of
Norfolk. He had recently arrived at
Alexandria from a tour in Greece.

22. At Fir (irove, Famham. aged 84,
Sir George Hilaro Barlow, Bart, and
G.C.B., formerly Governor- General of
Bengal, and subsequently Govcnior of
Madrao. Sir George H. iWlow was the
fourth son of William Barlow, esq., of
Bath, by Hilare, daughter of Robert
Butcher, esq., of Walthamstow, and
brother to the late Admiral Sir Robert
Barlow, K.C.B. He went to India in
the service of the East India Company
in 1778, and the excellence of his cha-
ncter and attainments speedily drew the
attention of the ruling authorities. In
1787, h** •»*■ selected by Lord Com-
Willir an investigation into

the state of the maau&cfarei aad oi
merce of the provinoe of Beaira; ■
in a despatdi to the Court of DinOm
dated Januaiy 1788» tbe ackoovie^
meats of ilie Supreme GoterameBt «e
expressed for the ^ abib'tr, teal, sad ■
wearied assiduity with wmcb Mr. Bsfa
had executed tlie commisBOO intnHled i
him.** The character Mr. Bariov k
established io the puhiic serriee nam
mended hina, at a rery earlj period a§<
the arrival of Lord Comwalks in Io£
to his lordship*s attention and higw
esteem ; and the ties of mutual fiio
ship and confidence, which were tk
formed, remained unbroken until tk
death of that illustrious perK>n. Id 1791
Mr. Barlow was nominated Sub-Seen
tary to the Supreme Government in tfe
revenue department — an office which A
great revenue and judicial reforms the
in progress rendered of particular impoil
ance. The system of revenue and jodi
cature established under the auspkan c
Lord Comwallis is justly considered
masterpiece of legislative wisdom, li
this great plan Mr. Barlow co-operate
with distinguished ability; and Lon
Comwallis, throughout the future perio
of his life, expressed the wannest sense o
gratitude for the aid which be had so ablj
given, and considered Mr. Barlow to haw
established the most strong and htftiof
claims to his country's approbation. Mr.
Barlow continued in the situation of Sub
Secretar}' in the Revenue Departmeni
until 1796, when he was appointed Cbiei
Secretary to the Supreme Government,
in which office he exhibited the same
admini^trative talent The services oj
Mr. Barlow having been attended by a
uniform course of approbation, he wu
advanced by the Court of Directors, in
April 1801, to the station of a Membei
of the Council of Bengal. Lord Welles-
ley, who was at that time absent firom
the seat of Government, immediately ap-
pointed Mr. Barlow to be Vice-President
m Council during his absence from the
Presidency. In 1802 the Court of Di-
n»ctor8 were pleased to appoint Mr,
Barlow to the situation of Provisional
Governor- (leneral, and in 1803 be was
advanced to the dignity of a Baronet. In
1805 an important change took place in
the Government of India, by the recall
of Lord Wellesley and the re-appoia^
ment of Lord Comwallis to the station
of Governor. Lord Comwallis arrived
in India in July, and he liad not pro.
ceeded far in the work of pacification

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

DEATHS^Dec.

313

I'wieh the Mahratta States, with whitli ^c
Iwere ihtn at war, beft*rc the hand of
[death tCTininatcd the career of that dis-
tinguif^hed patriot. Sir G. Barlow, ac-
cording to his provis^ional apptHtitinent,
succeeded to the ofTiee of Govenior-
Gencral, and he did so in circiimslanccs
most critical and diQicull. The Court of
Directors recorded on tliat occasion their
thanks for '* the promptitude and energy
with \^hich he followed up the pluo which
liis ilhijitritnus predecessor. Marquis
Corn wall IS, had marked out for the re-
ytorslion of peace and amtly with the
Mfthratta powers; for the judgment and
ahility he displayed in accomphshiiip de-
fiintivc treaties of peace with Dowlut Row
Scindiah and Jeswuiit Row Hidiar ; and
for the vigour with which he immediately
entered ujKin the important work of re-
trenching the expenaiture of the Cum-
pany, and the propresi^ he made therein."
On "the death of Mr. Pitt, in Jan. imO,
Mr. Fox's administration came into power,
when a very sweeping chan^ took place
in every office under the Government ;
andj by an unusual proceeding (vir. I he
flij^-manualcjf the Sovereign), Sir George
Barfow was required to resign the «-itua>
tion of Governor- General — a proceeding
Uiat excited strong disapprobation. Lord
IVJelviJle and Lord Oistlcrcatih, in their
places in Parliament^ strongly protested
a^ain^l it. It h, however, due to the
Guvernnient of that day to Aay that they
did what ihcy could at least to pallialc the
injury. Sir George had formed I he iu-
teution of immediately returning to Eng-
hind ; but his Majesty's Government and
the Court of Directors joined in so ear»
nest a reriuest that his t^rvices in fndia
might be continued^ that he felt it his duty
to ytetd to their solicitation. It was on
this occasion that hia Majoiy was plea,sed
to confer on him the Order of tl»e Bath.
The Court of Director* nppointcd him
Governor of Madras in May 1801N and
he look charge of that government jo the
following December. PrcvioiK'^ly to hi*
I arrival, a •' very dantferous spirit of cahal
bad ihown itself among several oRjcert of
the array." An alarmin;^fautiny soon after
broke out in the Mtidras army, combined
with great distractions in the civil service.
In one of the moat alarming: crises that
ever occurred in our Indian history — a
convuhion that shook the Govermcnt to
its foiuidation^^ever) thing was done,
every arrangement carried into e fleet, with
a degree of energy, firiiinc*s, aud ahility
that coyld not be surpauedt The warm*

e*t approbation of I he Supreme Govern-
ment, and the strong commendation of
the Court of Directors, were repeated in
successive clcspatches. On this memorable
occasion it was the gracious intention of
his Majesty George III. to have raised
Sir George Barlow to the peerage. For
this purfjosc ever}' preliminary arrangemer\t
had been made, when his Majesty fell into
tlic lasvt illnesst from which lie never
recovered. The Prime Minister, Mr,
Perceval, however, entertained a strong
sense of Sir G. Barlow* ctaimii om
public gratitude, and, if he had been
spared from the band of the assassin, (here
can be little doubt that the tntention men-
tioned would have been carried into eflect.
From this period every thing was changed ;
Sir George, in the course of his reforms,
had made many eneroie^ and these now
got the upper hand in the Councils of the
India Board ; the Government of I he
Prince Regent timidly or ireachLTously
yielded to the clamour thus excited, all
idea of conferring a peerage wa5 aban-
doned; and, not wti&fied wilh Ihisj the
Court of Directon?, with the concurrence
of the Prince Regent's Gevernment, i»ent
out orders to Sir George Barlow imme-
diately to transfer the Government of
Madras to other hand«^. Sir George Bar-
low returned from India in 1814, having
passed thirty-four stormy years of his life
m that country. He now withdrew en-
tirely from the tumnoil of public life, and
lived during the subsequent years of his
life in the midst of a devotedly attached
family, respected, honoured, and beloved
by all who had the privilege of his friend-
ship or acquaintance. Sir Crcorgc Bur-
low married at Calcutta, in April 1789,
Elizabeth, daughter of Burton Smith,
esq., of Westmcatb, bv ivhom he had issue
eight sons and seven daughters.

— In Lower Grosveuor j4reet, in hta
49th year, his Excellency Count Nomis
de Pollon, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary from the Court
of Sardinia. The Count uas a Member
of an ancient Sanlinian family. At a very
early age he entered the service of his
country, and ^cned with distinction in the
war against Napoleon. He suhscqnenlly
directed his attention to diplomatic aflairs,
and when but of a very tender age came
to this counU-y as secretary to the Due
D* Agile. He was subsequently advanc .-d
to the office of chargt d' affaires^ the
duties of which he discharged for some
time. He aftenvards proceeded aa Sar-
diuian Miuisler to the Haguei from which

3U ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846

be rvlumed about ten jearf lince to ihi«
Court* 9B chief mimiter, «iid in such
dpadty \w has tenninmted bU earthier
cveer. The Count was altogether for
nearly 6ve-aud.twentv years a resident in
ntrj, and woa highly respected in the
> of our aristocracy.
At Duitestreet, Westminster, aged
_7t Jane, widow of Samuel HoiDfin?« esq.,
of Coworth House, Berkshire, and lifter
of ^ late Sir Charles Morgan, Bart., of
Tredegar Park, Monmoutnihire* whom
ihe sumved onl^ 17 da^»,

— At his residence, m Fisherton-Aa-
ger, near Saliabury, at the cln^ of his
89Ui year, General George Mitchell.
Oeoend Mitchell entered the army in
1776, and served ob Lieutenant- Colonel
of the 31st Dragoons, under the Duke of
York in Flander«, and conducted his men
niely through Holland during the intense
frost' of l7W-9a, in which the British
army suffered very severely* He also
distinguished himself in the battles of
Pamarv and Cateau, and received the
tbanks of tbe Commander-in-Chief. He
became a Major- General 1809, Lieu-
tenant^ General, 1814, and General, 1837.

— At hts residence, Dartford, county
Kent, in a fit of apoplexy, ailor many
years of Buffering, aged 64t John Dunkin.
e»q., author of some interesting works of
topography, and a diligent antiquarian.
His principal works were '* The History
of Bromley,'* ** The History uf Bicester,
with an inquiry into the Antiquities of
Alcbesfer, a city of the Dobuni, in Ox-
fordshire," *• The History and Antiquities
of the Hundreds of Bullington and
Ploughley. co. Oxon," and ■* History
of the Antiquities of Dartford/*

24. hi Eaton-place, ajjed 79, John
Ga(;e, esq., of Rogate Lodge^ Hampshire,
a Clerk of the Signet; uncle to Lord
Vitfcount Ga^e.
I^S5. At Stilton, suddenly, aged 7%
Pwtphcn Howies, esq«, late of Washingley
inid H addon. He haf bequcalbed to the
Stamford and Rutland Innimary such a
sum of money as would produce a clear
annual income of 5001, of which SjOL is
to be appropriated to the general purposes
of the infirmary, 1006 fbr tbe ttlary of tbe
house-surgeon, and SOL Ig jirovide a
chaplain, and after a few mmM legacies he
gives the residue of tt lo the

infirmar)', to cTiltP ^t>tl the

charity*

27. At Ncnv 33,

Mrs. Marivn, f N I i^f

Covent Garden i tc-

raritjr. who iv«a a nadve of CdidM
waa bora id March IBtSl andaaiM
niece of the SooCch poet, Ferfuaoa. k
an earl J age sbe duoijajed lan WMk
music^ mad her firtaer demmimA «b
baring ber tnalnusCed ia tmmu^ m
improvenent wm so rapid uat io t/^
yean abe bad tamde great ^tuAaaqm
the art, and, aHersinginff afttouMfeac*'
certo in Edinburgh witL graii iekk it
waa introduced by her h&r^ m l$S^^
Sur George Smart, wh^ htruttf ber tool
iiiitnicior. After a c«»aiae oftfodfii
appeared at Covent Garden, ia Deoemlm
1830, aa Cinderella, with great mom
and io April I8SJ the prodtictioe d
Spohr's opera, " Axor and Zenin.*
afforded her an opportunity of ti
in public favour. In 1894 the
Mr, Miirtyn, tbe hass finger,
Covent Garden Theatre^ and
expiration of ber London engi
they made a tour of tbe princip
of America with profit and n^
Tbe fine person of IVlrs. Martyn j
her very atUactive in tbe Uoited StJia
They tnen returned to Enarland, dis «
stay of two yean, and finallj tttabJiH
tltemselres as teachers of mum ia
Newca«tle*on- Tyne.

29. At Lancaster, aged 89, lohn Dvaii
De Vilre, esq.. Lieuti^nonl R,N., and l«i
of West Knoll, Cumberland, for ittsat
^enrs the oldest Lieutenant in her Jkli-
jesty'a service. In 1781, when Ua
of the Chaser^ 18 gun ship, wbiktc
oST the Madras coast, she waa fidkn is
by the Bohf^na, French frigate, of S6
guns, and, after engaging ber in a mtift
but unequal contest for two houn lai
upwards, waa compelled to aunendef.
For four months the offic^^s of the Clanf
were kept as prisoners of war on boai^tftf
French vessel^ but were aftervnrdi v^
justifiably transferred to tbe tender metw
of Hyder All, under whom it is vrdt
known all English pri^uners were mort
cnielty treated. He was subjected to iheie
cruelties for nearly two yearv, and il is
believed that he was the 1?^^* ^i^riiv-^*- of
all the British prisoners wl in

confinement under the tyr i ^ aU,
or his still more inhuman aiid perlidioiii
successor, Tippoo Sultan.

— At Dundaik, aged 67, Captain
Chandle, of the 17th Lancen. Heflnt
eniered the senioe a» a private soldier*
In 181 1 he ^ as presented with an ensignej
in the Infantry, from which be iubai-
qnenlly exchanged into the Cavalry. Ia
1812 he wa» gasetted to a licuteu«iM^« tad

^

APPENDIX TO

DEATHS
in th« same year to a captaincy. His
comrnisftions were purchased by hard ser-
vice alone* He served during; tlic cam-
patgn of 1790^ in Holland, including the
Bclioes of the 2nd and 6ih of October,
He at»o took part in the »\Ggc of Makav
and ffas pi«sent at the surrender of La
VaJelta aod the battle of Maida. In
1807 he at^companieil the expcdiuon to
Egypt, and was wounded before Rosetta.
In 1800 he terved in the Ionian inlands,
and witnessed the siege and capture of
Sartta Maria. In 1828 he was appointed
Pavmasteriif the nth Lancers.

ik). In Pall Mall, aged 65, Mr, Joseph
Calkin. He was a pupil of Mr Lyon,
aod afterwards was articled for two years
to Spagtioletti, lo long a leader of the
Opera band. Mr. Calkin was a violin
player In the Drury-lane orchestra in 1 7{>8,
an J aitisted in the arrest of Hatfield when
he fired at George the Third. He wa& a
tenor player in the Philhannonic Band, of
which society he was a member and
honorary llhranan. In 18*21 he was
appointed one of the King's State Band
by George the Fourth, and he was many
yeara an active member of the Royal
Society of Musicianji. Mr. Calkin was
also well koowTi and respected a& one of
the firm of Caikin and Budd, of Pall Mall,
at one time booksellers to Royalty.

Sh At Boulogne-8ur-Mcr, aged 79,
Lady Hobhousc, relict of Sir Benjamin
Hobhouse, Bart. ; daughter of Sir Joshua
Parry, of Cirencester.

^ At Edinburgh, aged 73, the Right
Hon. John Rollo, eighth Baron RoUo of
Duncrubt Perthishire (1651 ), a Represen-
tative Peer of Scotland^ aod Deputy Lieu-
tenant of Perthshire. Hie Lord&Kip was
bflrn April 2*2. 1773, the eldest son of
James, seventh Lord RolH by Maiy,
eldest daughter of John Aytoun, cjiq., of
Inehdaimiet Fife^bire^ and hucceeded to
the peerage on the death of his father,
April 14th, 1784. He w^as appointed to
an ensigoey in the Scots Fu si leer Guards,
February 17, 1790. He carried the
colours of that regiment at the battle of
Lincellest and continued to serve with it

CHRONICLE. 315

.— Dec-

in Flanders during the campaigns of
17D3, 17114, and 1793. He quilted the
army in April 1796i being then a Lieu-
tenant in the same regiment. HU Lord-
ship WK elected a Keprescntative Peer of
Scotland on the death of Lord Grey, in
1842, and supported the Conservative
party* Wi& Lord&hip was cbie6y distin-
guished for ihe quiet virtues of a country
gentleman and worthy landlord, and has
gone down to the grave much beloved and
respected h^ thoj^e on hi^ estates in Strath-
cam, and those in iheir neighbourhood.
His Lordship married at E din burgh, June
12> 180(3, Agnes, daughter of William
Greig, esq., of Gay field place, by whom
he had issue.

— At Sell aw Park, Clackmannan-
shire, aged 70; the Hon. Henry David
Erskine, uncle to the Earl of Marr and
KelliCt and heir presumptive to the latter
dignity. Mr. ErsLine was bom May 10,
1 776, the third son of John Francis Ers-
kine, Earl of Marr (who was restored to
that dignity in I8!24, and died in 1825),
by Frances, only daughter of Charles
Flojer, esq.. Governor of Mailnw. Mr,
Erikine married at St. Paocras, Middle-
sex. Oct. 22, 1805, Mary Anne, daugh,
ter of John Cookscy, esq., by whom he
had issue.

— At Hicklelon Hall, near Doncaster,
aged 75, Sir Francis Lindlcy Wood, the
second Bart*, of Bamsley, Yorkshire
{17&4). He was born Dec 16, 1771,
the elder son of Charles Wood, esq., of
Bowling Hall, near Bradford, by Catba^
rine, dauc^hter and coheiress of Thomas
Lacon Barlier, esq., and ^ncceeded to
the title of Baronet, in pur^uaoce of a
special remainder, on Ihe death of hia
uncle Sir Francis, the first Baronet, who
died July 9, 1795. Sir Francis Wood
tnarried Jan. 15, 1798, Anne, eldest
daughter and coheiress of Samuel Buck,
of New Granges, esq., barrister-at-law,
and recorder of Leeds, by whom he had
issue, ibe eldest of whom is the Right
Hon, Charles Wood, Chancellor of the
Exchequer.

k

316 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

PROMOTIONS.

PROMOTIONS.

l>4ti.

:anvaky.

30. G*cr^ Frs-Sir,.-* Srreet, esq., to
be PaUae Jjri^ce cc New Brunsirick;
^lUam Wn^^L e«4^ to be Advocate-
Geoeral. and WlUlAni Boyd KiuDear,
esq.. Solicitor- General for that pro-
vince. Samuel Turner Pevon, esq.,
to be Re^9trar- General and Col-
lector of Chinese Revenue for the island
of Hong Kong.

31. Lord Glenlyon, to be one of the
Lords in Waiting in Ordinary- to her
Majesty, vice the Carl of Hardwioke.

Army Appointments.

90. 2nd Dn^roon Guards, Major Wm.
Campbell, to be Lieut. -Colonel; bre\-et
Major Power Le Poer Trench, to be Ma-
jor.— 4th Lisrht Dragoons, Major William
Parlby, to be Lieut. -Col. ; Capt. Lord
George A, F. Paget, to be .Major.

FEBRUARY.
Gazettk Promotions.

*2. E.lward Walter Bonham, esq., to be
Cotifiil at Calais: Norman Pringle, esq.,
to be Consul at Stockholm.

4. Jo>ei»h Gib#<Mi Gorvlon, c*q.,tobe
Provo<t \larshal iv»r the Yirjjin Islands.

8. The Man^uossof Aberi*t>rn, K.(i.,"to
be Grvnnn of the Stole to H.R.H. Prince
Albert.

IL Knijihted, Roderick Imi>ey Mur-
chison, Knitfht of the first class of the Im-
perial Russian Order of St. Stanislaus,
Itc., Fellow of the Roval Society,
V.P.G.S.and R. Gcogr. S., Member of
the Imp. Academy of Sciences of St.
Petersburgh, Corresponding Member of
the Institute of Fmnce, Hon. Member of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and of
the Royal Irish Acadcmv. &c. &c. ; and
Doctor John Rid- " N., F.R.S.,

Medical Inspector ->d Fleets.

la. Col. H. Frances

, his wii ister to

Sir H. } take

lofDi The

lifllwEtt have

the titles and preoedenoe to vbidi h
would have been entitled in eve tk
&ther, the late Captain Hcory Dm
Damer, had survived his brother the b
Earl. Sir Chas. Augustus Fitzroj. &i
to be Captain-General, and GoveniorJ
Chief, of Neir South Wales. Claici
Thomas Wjide, esq., to be CM of ij
Peace at Swellendam, in the Cipe
Good Hope. Walter Harding esq., to I
Crown Prosecutor for the district of Xit
in South Africa.

16. The Hon. Henry John B«
CapL R.N., to be one of her Mijer
Commissioners for executxne the office
High Admiral, rice CapL the Hoo. ^
Gonion.

19. The Earl of Lincoln, to be one
the Visitors of Maynooth College.

24. Sir Charles Augustus FiUroj, Kn
to be Governor and Commaoder-i
Chief of North Australia.

'25. The Marquis of Abercom, K.(
and the Right Hon. James Arcfaib
Stuart Wortley, sworn of the Privy Coo
cil, Daniel Peploe Peploe, of Gamtfot
esq., to be Sheriff of Hertford^uie, r
J. F.VaughaD.

26. Brevet Major George Hutt, Boi
bay An., brevet Major Robert Hendeiy
Madras Eng., and brevet Major Jodi
Tait, 6th Bombay N. Inf , to be Coi
panionsof the Bath.

The Earl of Lincoln, to be Chi
Secretary for Ireland.

The Right Hon. Sir Thomas ¥rt
mantle, Bart., late Chief Secnetan- fi
Ireland, to be Deputy Chairman of tl
Board of Customs.

C. J. Knowles, esq., Q.C., to be A
torncy-Gcncral of the county palatine <
Lancaster.

Henry Marl ley esq., Q.C.,appoinU
legal adviser to the Irish Government.

Army Appointme.nts.

6. Ceylon Rifle Regiment, Lieut-Co
H. Simmonds, from the St Helena Reg
mcnt, to be Lieut* Colonel. — St Helen
Regiment, Lieut- Col. J. Ross, to li
Lieut. -Colonel.— Royal Engineers, Mj
jor-Gen. E. W. Durnford, to be Colom
Commandant — West Kent Militia, Cap
T. G. Monvpenny, to bo Major; Cap
T. T. Hodge's, to be Major.

13. 4th Foot Gen. Sir T. Bradfor
G.C.B., from dOth Foot, to be Colon*

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE,

PROMOTIONS.

i

Hh Foot. Mai or- Gen. George, Mar-
of Twceddalej K.T., to be Colofieh
el CoU the Hoik G. Cat heart, to be
rty Lieutenant of (he Tower of Lon-
don. Brevet Capl. E. Stephenson, of
the 3rd Foot, to be Major in ihc Army,

27, 55th Foot, Miij or- General A.' G.
Lord Saltouii, K.CB., to lie Colonel ;
General Sir G, Anson, GX\B^ to be
Lieutenant Governor of Chelsea Hospital

Naval Promotions.

To be Commanders. — G. H. Wood;
Sir Wm. Wiseman, Bart.

Appointments.— Commanders Douglas
Corry, ti> the Hurtequinf 16 ; Wm,
Heriot Mailland, to the Ekctra, 18;
Philip \L Soraerville, to the Wanderer^
IG; George Sprigg» to the FcrrtU 10.

Membehb Returned to Paruament.

Buckinffham. — The MarquU of Chan-
dos.

BuU Co,— Hod. J. A. S, Wortley,

CasheU. — Timothy O'Brien, e*q.

Chichesler. — Lord George C. H. G.
Lennox.

DoTset»hirt.^€i\m Floyer, esq., and
Henry Ker Seymer, esq.

XicA/iric/. — Hon. Edw. M. L. ^rostyn,

MiSkursi. — Spencer Horatio Walpole,
cscj.

Neivark'UpQH- TrenL — John Stuart,
esq. g.c.

RutlaRii. — Gcorj^c Finch » e*q.

Selkirkshire. — ^ Allan Elliot Lock hart,
esq.

Suffolk (East) Edw. S. GoocH, esq.

Westmimter^ — Sir De Lacy Evan*,
K.C.B.

ECXTLESIABTICAL PrCFERMBSTS.

Rc\r. R. G, Baker, to be Prebendary of
Saint PauF^.

Rev. D. Colendge, to be Prebendary
of Saint Paul's.

Rev. T» Knoi, to be Prebendary of
Tullybrackey, Limerick.

Rev, C. A. Thnrlow, to be Preben-
dary fit York.

Rev. Dr. R. W. Jelf, 1o be Sub-
Almoner to Her Majesty,

■ Civil Preferment.

Rev. F. Wickham, to be Second Mas-
ter of Winchester College.

MARC a
Gazette Promotions.

2. Charles John, Viscount Canning,
Alexander Milne, esq.» and the Hon.
Charles Alexander Gore, to be Com-
mi»ioiier!i of Her Majesty's Woods,
Fore*t», Land Revenues, Works, and
Buildings. Richard Steven?, esq- (now
Vice- Consul at Samsoon), tu be Consul
at TabrccK ; Benjaiiiiti liarrie, esq. (now
Consular Assislaut at Madrid), to be Con-
sul at Alicante.

3. Major- General Sir Edward Bo water,
K. C. H,, to be a Groom in Waiting in
Ofdinar)' to her Majesty, rice Duneombe.

5. Lieutenant- Coionel Wylde, C-B.^to
be Groom of the Bedchamber to Prince
Albert, vice Anson ; General Sir G. An-
ion, to be Extra Groom of the Bed-
chamber j Capftain the Hon. A- Gordon,
Grenadier Guards, to be Eouerry, vice
Wylde; Lieutenant»Coloiiel V. H, Sey-
mour, Scots Fusilier Guards, to be
Equerry, vice Bo water.

9. Captain Charles Hotham, R. N., to
be K.C.B.

10. Lieutenant- General Earl Catbcart,
K.CB., to be Ca|jtain- General and
Govemor-in-Chief of Canada, Nova
Scotia, and New Brunswick, and of the
island of Prince Edward, and Governor-
General of ail Her Majesty's Provinces on
the continent of North America, and of
tbc island of Prince Edward.

11. Hon. S. T. Carnegie, and Ralph
Neville, esq., to be Lords Commisjsioners
of the Treasury,

18. Charles* Jolm, Viscount Canning,
sworn of the Priw Council,

JO. The UigKt Hon. Charles John,
Viscount Canning, to be an additional
Fine Arts CommiB*ioncr.

28* Theophilus Shepstone, esq., to be
Diplomat ic Agent to the native tribes re-
sidincj within the district of NataK in
South Africa.— tlohn Maclean, esfj.,
Captain in the Army, to be Diplomatic
Agent to the T'Slamble, Congo, and
Fingo tribes, on the eastern frontier of
the Cape of Good Hope,

30. Viscount Canning, the Earl of
Dalhomie, llie Lord Mayor of the City
of London, the Right Hon. John Cf.
Herrie8,and Sir Johti Mark Frederick
Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel Royal Eng^
to be Commissioners for iuveatij^ting and
reporting upon the various railway pro-
jects of which the termini are proposed to

818

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1S46.

PROMOTION&

mtAiwykmMn CT) « H. B. &
VvMf esq.

be cftaUiihed widim or in tbe n
▼ieinitj of the metropolit.

Lord LjtteltoD to be Under Secretary
of State for the Coloniei.

Army ArponmfEirrs.

1& 7th Dtmooo Guilds, Major-Gen. Sir
Oaof8eSoofdl,K.aB.»to be Coloael;
TtbDrMoom, Bfijor General Sir WiDiaai
T117II, to be ColoaeL— laih Foot, M^
General Sbr W. M. Gomm, R.C.B., to

90, Stair, brevet Lieutenant-Colonel,
John Bloomfield Gough, of the 9rd Light
Dragoons, to be Quartermaster-Genial
to the Queen's Poroes in the East Indies.
Brevet Captain John St Leger, 2nd
West IndM Renment, and Captain
Thomas Hurdle, Rojral Marines, to be
Muon in the Army.

27. 6l8t Foot, Captain J. B. Thomas,
to be Majors— Brevet, Captain C
Randall, 1st Foot Guards, to be BCajor in
the army ; Captain T. F. Tait, of 2nd
Bengal European Regiment, to be Major
in Xnt armj in the East Indies.

81. 9th Foot, to be Lieutenant-
Colonels, M^r G. L. Davis, Major C.
Bwnwell ; to be Majors, breret Major C
Douglas, brevet Major M, Smith.

Natal Promotions.

To be retired Commander — .W. Les-
ter.

Appointments.— Captains Sir T. Her-
bert, K.C.B. (1822), to the Raleigh;
R. B. Watson (1842), to the BrilHani.
C^ommanders J. C. Pitman (1842), to
the Childerit E. Crouch (1843), to the
DevattatiorL

With reference to the successful en-
gagement at Punta Obligado, by the com-
bined English and French Naval Forces,
the following naval promotions have taken
pkoe, dated the ISUi Nov. 1845, the day
of the action, via. — To be Captain, Com-
mander B.J. Sullivan; to be Commanders,
Acting Commander E. A. Inglefield,
Lieutenant R. J. T. Levinge» C. F.
Doyle, Lieutenant A. C. Key.

MimsRS Returned to Parliament.

JBr^port— Alexander D. R. W.
Baillie Cochrane, eso. (re-elected.)
OloueeMtrihire. (£afl.)— Blanpiis of
. Worcester.

Jlfoyo CW^-Joseph Mylei McDonnell,
esq.

NMmgkmulurm. (&)— T. B. T. mi>

yard, esq.

IfUwr.^Rdph Nerille, eaq. (re-sL)

EcCLESIAinCAL PRKFERMKNTt.

Rev. R. Bemers, to be an hoii. Caaoa
of Norwich.

APRIL.

Gazette Promotion!.

1. Viscount C^ning^ to be one of hsr
Maiesty^s CommisalaoenfiBri
and considering the moat <
of improving me metropoUay and of po>
viding racrnsed fiicilities of cotnmnnira-
tion within the same.

2. To be Companions of the BatfiN-
C!oL Thomas Reed, eSnd Foot, CoL the
Hon. Thomas Ashbumham, G2nd Foot,
Lieut-CoL Thomas Ryan, SOlh Foot,
Peter John IVtit, 50th Foot, Marcos
Barr, 29th Foot, Thomas Bunbuiy, 80lh
Foot, John Byrne, Slat Foot, Cfaariei
Barnwell, 9th Foot, Robert Bhiefaer
Wood, 80th Foot, James Spenoe, 31st
Foot, and Capt James Hope, commando
ing her Majesty's steam-frigate Fbrdwami}
alM the under-mentioned officers in the
service of the East India Company, — Ma-
jor-Gen. Walter Raleigh Gilbert, to be
K.C.B., and Lieut-Cols. David Har-
riott, James Parsons, J. S. H. Weston,
W. J. Gairdner, William Buriton, Wil-
liam Garden, Psitrick Grant, James Stuart,
Richard Benson, George Brooke, Geoige
Hicks, William Mactier, William Geddes,
George Gladwin Denniss, and Edward
Huthwaite, of the Benoal army, to be
Companions of the said Most Hon. Miii-
tary Order.

7. Lieut -Gen. the Rig^t Hon. Sir
Henry Hardinge, G.C.B., Govemor-Gie-
neral of India, created Viscount Hardinge,
of Lahore and of Kinff% Newton, county
of Derby ; General Sir Hu^ Gough,
Bart, G.C.B., 0)minander-m-Chief of
Her Majesty's forces in the East Indies,
created Baron Gouc^ of Chlnkeanglbo,
in China, and of Maharajpore and the
Sutlej, in the East Indies.

— - Major-Gen. Sir Hemy George
Smith, K.C.B., to be G.C.B.S Norman
William Macdonald, esq., to be Captain-

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

PROMOTIONS.

I

I

General and GoTCmor-in- Chief of Sierra
Leone.

-^ John Thomas GravoSt of the Inner
Temple, e5f|,t Barruter-at-latv^ to be an
AsRistant- Commissioner of Pnor-Laws j
John DalK of Dublin, esq, ♦ Barriiter-at-
laW| lo be an A &Sfibtmit- Commissioner of
Poor- Laws for six months from the 2nd
day of April* to carry the proTisions of
the Irish. Poor act into execution*

9. Major- Gen, Sir Henry Geo. Wake-
lyn Smith, of Aliwaul, on the Stitlej»
G»C.B., created a Baronet.

16. Ambrme Poynieresq., Architeet^ of
Park Street, Westminster, and John Shaw,
esq. I Architect and Surveyor of Christ's
Hospital, to be OfBcial Refbrees of Me-
tropolitan Build in g««

18. Francis Martio, esq* (NorroyX to
be Clarenoeux king of arms ; James Pul«
niaD, esq. (Richmond herald), to be Nor-
roj.

23. The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., to
be Lieutenaot and Sheriff Principal of
the shire of Aberdeen.

24. Matthew Charles Howard GibboTi,
esq., to be of Richmond Herald ; Alex-
mnder Stewart, esq*, to he Master of the
KoUfl for the provmce of No?a Scotia,

Army Appointments.

2. Royal Rej^imetit of Artillery : to he
Colonel Commandant, Major-Gt?n. Hon.
W. H* Gardiner ; to be Colonels Lieut, -
Colonel G. Cobbe, LieuU-Colonel A. H,
Mercer; to be Lient.- Colonel*, brei'Ct
Majof* P. Sandilands, B. Willis, B. H.
V. Arbuckie, brevet Lieutenant- Colonel
T. G. Higgins, brevet Major T. F.
Straogways.^ — Royal Engineers; to be
Colonel Com man dan t^ Maj or- G e n cral
Sir George Whitmore, K.C.H.; to be
Colonials Lieutenant -Colonel G. Gray-
ton, K.H., Lieiilcnant-ColnncI R, Thom-
#on ; to he Lieutenant* Cf done!*, brevet
Majora, P. Cole, E. Matsou, J. C. Victor,
CV Grieraon. T. E. Feowick, L, A. Hall,
P. Hule.

3. Grenadier Guard*, Lieutenant and
Captain F. W, Ha mil ton, to be Captain
and Lteut.-ColoneL — Unattached, Capt
H. W, Paget, from 5(jth Regiment, to be
Major — Brevet, to be Majors in the
army* Captain G* Rawlinson, 1st West
India Regirocnt^ Captain J. V- Fletcher,
14th Foot, Captain W, Durvpfan, lOth
Light Dragoons. —10th Light Dragoons:
Major J. C. Wallington, to be Lieutenant*
Colonel wtlliout purchase ; to be Majors
without purchase, Captain H. F. Bonham,

Captain J. Trittont from 3rd Light Dra-
goons— 8th Foot, Major J. Longfield, to
be Lieutenant-Colonel ; Capt. E. H,
Great bed, to be Major. — ^24th Foot, Major
J. Stoyte, tf> be Lieutenant- Colonel,
Captain R- Marsh, to be Major. — 32nd
Foot, Major J. T. Hill, to be Lieutenant-
Colonel J brevet Major G. Browne, to be
Major. — Brevet, to be Aides-de-Camp to
the Queen, with the rank of Colonel in
the army, Lieutenant- Colonel the Hon.
T, Ashbumham, 62iid Foot, Lieutenant-
Colonel C. C. Taylor, 29 lb Foot, Lieu-
tenant-Colonel C. R.Curoton, 16th Light*
Dragoons, Lieutenant-Colonel M. White,
3rd Light Dragoons. -^To be Lieutenant-
Colonels in the army : Major J. W^ Nunn,
80th Foot I Major W, T. Siiortt, 62nd
Foot ; Major G. Congrcve, 29th Foot j
Major C. W, M. Balders, 3rd Light Dra-
gooni^.^ — To be Majors in the army : Capt.
J. Triltou, 3rd Light Dragoons; Captain
J, R. B, Hale, 3rd Light Dragoons;
Captain C. F. Havelock, 9th Foot;
Captain A. Borton, 9th Foot; Captain
A. St. George A. Sicpncy, 29th Foot;
Captain the Hon. C. R. S. West, 21 at
Foot; Captain J. Garvock, 31 st Foot;
Captain E, Lugard, 31fit Foot; Captain
S. Fisher, 3rd Light Dragoons. — To be
AideMlD-^Camp to the Queeti, with the
rank of Colonel in the army in the East
Indies : Lieut.-Colonel H. 'M. Wheeler,
48th Bengal Native Infantry ; LieutenanU
Colonel J. McLaren, 16th Grenndier Ben-
gal Native Infantry. — To be Lieutenant-
ColoTie!-? in the army in the East Indies :
Majors IL Sibbald, '4l8t NatiTO Infantry;
L. S. Bird, 24th Native Infantry ; Major
W. Alexander, 5th Light Cavalry ; W.
H. Wake, 44th Native Infantry ; D. Bir-
pell, ht European Regiment; H. R.
Osborn, 54ih Native Infantry; R. Cod-
rington, 40ih Native Infantry; T. PoU
whele, 42nd Native Infantn^; 1. H.
Handseomb, 26th Native Infantry ; P.
Grant, 59th Native Infantry; R." X H,
Birch, 17th Native Infantry; F. Brind,
Hofse Artillery ; G. Campbell. Horse
Artillery; P. Innes, I4lh Native In-
fantry;'J. G. W, Curtis. 37th Native
Infantry. — To be Majors in the army in
the East Indies : Captains P. O'Hanlan,
1st Light Cavalry; S, Nash, 4th Light
Cavalry ; R. Houghton, 63rd Native In-
fnntrv ; H. Garbett, Artillery; Captain
J, L'. Taylor, 2Gth Light Infantrj' ; E.
F. Day* Artillery ; W. B, lliomson,
67th Native hitkntry ; R. Horsford, Ar-
tillery; R. Napier, Engineers; F. W,
Anson, 16th Native In&ntry ; J. R.

320 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

PROMOTIONS.

Pond, lit European Light Inftntrj ; C.

E. Mills, Artillery; G. Johnston, 46th
Native lo&ntry; G. Carr, 21st Native
In&ntry; C. J. F. Burnett, 2nd Eu-
ropean' Regiment ; P. Hay, 54th Native
Infimtiy; W. B. Holmes, 12th Native
Infimtry; £neas J. Mackay, 16th Native
Infimtry ; R. T. Sandeman, dSrd Native
Infimtir; G. Short, 45th Native In&ntry;
H. Palmer, 48th Native Infimtiy; D.
Pott, 47th Native Infantry; G. H. Swin-
ley. Artillery ; A. Macdougall, 7drd Na-
tive Infimtry ; A. M. Becher, 6l8t Native
Infimtry; J. F. EgertOD, Artillery; J.
Christie, drd Light Cavalry.

6. 7^ Foot, Major- General Sir John
Grey, K.C.B., to be Colonel—Colonel
Sir H. G. Smith, K.C.B., on half-pay
Unattached, to have the local rank of
Major-General in the East Indies. — Col.
C. R. Cureton, 16th Light Dragoons, to
be Adjutant-General to the Queen's
Forces serving in the East Indies,

14. 12th Foot, Major S. F. Glover, to
be Lieutenant- Colonel ; Captain J. M.
Perceval, to be Major. — ^20th Foot, Major

F. Horn, to be Lieutenant- Colonel, brevet
Major C. Smith, to be Major— 23rd Foot,
Maior R. P. Holmes, to be Lieutenant-
Colonel, Captain J. Enoch, to be Major.
—24th Foot, Captain H. W. Harris, to be
Major. — 42nd Foot, brevet Lieutenant-
Colonel J. Macdougall, to be Lieuteuant-
Colonel ; Brevet Major D. Frazer, to be
Major. — 45th Foot, Major A. Erskine, to
be Lieutenant-Colonel ; Captain Charles
Hind, to be Major.— 59th Foot, Captain
H. H. Graham, to be Major.— 71st Foot,
Major W. Denny, to be Lieutenant-
Colonel ; Captain A. R. L*£strange, to
be Major_9l8t Foot, Major J. F. G.
Cambell, to be Lieutenant- Colonel ; Cap-
tain D. Forbes, to be Major.— 97th Foot,
brevet Lieutenant- Colonel N. L. Darrah,
to be Lieutenant- Colonel ; Captain the
Hon. H. R. Handcock, to be Major. —
Rifle Brigade, Major H. F. Beckwith, to
be Lieutenant- Colonel ; Captain CD.
Egerton, to be Major. — Srd West India
Regiment, Major C. H. Doyle, from 24th
Foot, to be Lieutenant- Colonel.

18. 95th Foot, Major J. R. Raines, to
be Major; brevet Captain Frederick
White, to be Major.

28. 10th Dragoons, Major H. F. Bon-
ham, to be Lieutenant- Colonel. — 8th Foot,
General Sir Gordon Drummond, G.C.B.,
to be Colonel; Captain F. S. Holmes, to
be Major.— 15th Foot, General Sir Phi-
^«as Riall, to be Colonel_24th Foot,

mtenant-Colonel Robert Brookes, to bo

Lieutenant-ColoiieL — 49lh Fbol, HfOF-
General Sir Edward Bowafer» to be Cob.
Del.— 74th Foot, Maijor-GeDcal Sb- Akx-
ander Cameron, K.C.B., to be CokmcL—
Unattached, Mbjor Robert Bniofcei,fiHi
69th Regiment, to be Lieutenant-ColoHL
—Brevet, Captain Patrick Gordoo, 11&
Bengal Native In&ntiy, to be Major ii
the army in the East lodiet.

29. Royal Enajneen, bievc
nant Colonel G. PbiUpotti, to be 1
nant-ColoneL

Naval P&OMonoirt.

To be Captain^- W. Smith, (b.)
To be Commanders. — W. E.THieQtt,
M. S. NoUoth, S. Hunt.

Members eetdaned to Pamiamxkt*

BridnorL-^John Romilly, eaq., de-
clared duly elected, vhe Cochrane.
Mahm, — Viscount Milton.
3fayo.— Joseph Myles'0*Doonell,ei9.
BiatmoruL — Henry Rich.

EcCLEfilASnCAL PAETKBIfXirTS.

Rev. J. Paterson, to be Dean of the
diocese of Argyle and the Islet, Soot-
land.

Rev. W. Jackson, D.D., to be Cbm-
ccllor of the diocese of Carlisle.

The Hon. and Rev. O. Forester, to be
a Canon of Hereford.

Rev. R. Garvey, to be an hon. Canon
of Lincoln.

Rev. H. Morice, to be an hon. Canon
of Lincoln.

Rev. R. N. Pemberton, to be an hon.
Canon of Hereford.

Civil Preferment.

Rev. J. Hickman, M.A., to be Head
Master of the Protestant College, Malta.

MAY.
Gazette Promotions.

2. Robert Peel, esq. ^now attached to
Her Majesty *s Legation m Spain), to be
Secretary of Legation in Switzcrlaind.

5. Lord Harris, to be Lieutenant-
Governor of Trinidad.

9. Thomas Flower Ellis, esq., Barris-
ter-at-Law, and Thomas Bros, esq., Bu-
rister-at-Law, to be Commissionera for
inquiring into the Criminal Laws now in
force in the Channel Islands; Cbariea

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

PROMOTIONS.

Bamstcf^uLaw, !o be 8e-

321

I
I

Clark, esq,

cretarv to the said Commission.

12/WilIiam VVhaley BilJyard, e^q.^to
lie CKairmnn of QuartcT Seisionf, actinf^
as Civil and Criminal Judge for Nortb
Ao^tralia.

— The Rev. Augiifttus William Han-
son i to be Chaplain for Her Majesty's
fort* and settlements on the Gold Coast.

21. Brevet Major Thomas Forsyth
Tait, of the East India Company's 2nd
European Regiment, to be C.B, — Ho-
ratio Granville Stewart >furray, a minor,
of BroughtOQt county VVlgton, only child
of Ihe late Captain Horalio Stewart^
only «m of Lieutenant- General Hod,
Sir William Stewart, G. C. B,» secotid
son of John, Earl of GalUiway, to have
the desi^nalion of ♦* Murray of Brou^h-
top," and bear the arms of that family
quarterlv frith Stewart, iu compliance
with a aeed of entail executed by Jamet
Murray, e«q. , of Brougbtoo, Jan. 18, 1 797.

23. ' Sir George Bail lie Hamilton,
KX.H. (now S^retary to Her Ma-
je:aty*s Legation at Berlin), to be Minis*
tcr Plentpotentiary to the Grand Duke
n( TuRcanj.

— Henry Francis Howard, esq. (nowr
Secretary of Ijeg^ntion at the Hai^ue), to
be Secretary of Legation at Berlin. —
The Hon, H. G. Howard (now first
paid Attache at Pans), to he Secretary
of Legation at the Hague.

2.J. Genrge Barney, es(j,| late Lieut, -
Colonel in the Royal Engineer^ to be
Lieutenant-Governor of Nortli Auatralia,
and to administer the govern me tit of that
colony, under the ?lylc and title of Super*
iiiteodetit iherctif,

^^ John Stephen Hampton, esq., Sur-
geon in the Navy, to he Comptroller-
General of Convicts for the island of
Van DiemeD*a Laitd.

27, The Hon, Charles Augustus Mur-
ray (now Secretary of f negation of Na-
pfes), to be Her Majesty's Agent and
Consul- General in Egypt; Lord Napier,
(oow firet paid Attacnc at Constanti-
nople), to DC Secretarv of Legation at
Naples.

29. Thomas Frederick Elliolit Charles
Alexander Woevd, and Frederick Rogers,
efM|rs., to be Commissioners for suf^erin-
tending the sale and settlement of the
waste lands of the Crown in the British
colonies, and the conveyance of Emi-
grants thither.

Surgeon Major William J. Judd, of the
Sl'oIs' Fusilier Guards, to be Surgeon in
Ordinary lo H.R.H. Prince Albert*

Vol. LXXXVTll.

AwfY Appointjients.

1. .Wth Foot, Capt. G. F. F, Boughev,
to be Major. — 74ili Foot, M,ijor ^^\ ^\
Crawley, lo be Lieut-Colonel ; Caplain
A, F. Anselli to be Major. — Brevet
Captain W, H. Harc^ 12lh Light Dra-
goons, to be Major in the Army.

7» Royal Engineers, Major-General F.
R, Thackeray, C. B.,tobe Colonel Com-
niandant.

8, Cold-Stream Guards, Major and Col.
C. A* Shawe, to be Lieut. -Colonel ;
Cnplnin and brevet Colonel T- Chaplin «
tii be Major ; Lieutenant and Captain
Lord Fredericfc l^ulel, to be Captain
and Lieu tenant- Colonel. — 29th Foot,
Major G. Congreve, to be Lieutenant -
Colonel ; Captain A. T. Hemphill, to
be Major.

12. Royal Artillery, Captain and bre-
vet Major J. IL Freer, to be Lieutenant-
Colonel.

la. 23nl Foot, CWain F. Granville,
to l>e Mwjor. — 47th Foot, Captain W.
Q'Grady Halv, to be Major.— 69th Foot,
Cantiiin Sir E, S. Thomas, Bart., to be
Major. —Brevet, IWajor A. Richardson,
23rd Foot, to be Lieutenant- Cohme! in
(he Army : Ctpfcnin H. M. St. Vin(?ent
Ko*e, 25th Foot, to he Major in tho
Amr)\

22. R5th Foot, Captain George Ten*
nant, to be Major, — Unaitachedj Major
Manley Power, from 85th Foot, to be Lieu-
tenant-Colonel. ^ — Brevet, Brevet Major
Patrick Caniphellj 95th Foot, to lie Lieu-
tenant-Colonel in the Army, ^ To be
Majors in tho Armv» Captains W. F.
Williams Royal Artillery j J. F, A.
S) monds, Royal Engineere ; H, G,
Ro*», Royal Artillery j Collingwood
Dickson, Royal Artillery ; the Hon. R.
C. IL Spencer, Royal" Artillery ; and
Patrick Campbell, 95th Foot.

Naval Promotiokb.

To be Commander*. — F. A. Camp-
hell, Jarae* Cannon, W. Prctyman, and

R. W. Twiss.

.\ppointmcnts. — Captain^ G, Mow-
bray (1812), of Victoria, to Greenwich
Hospital, vice John Pasco, resigned and
appointed to Victory^ 104 j J. Kiugcorac
(1838). to BeUeitk 20; Sir B. W.
Walker, K.CB, (1838)* to Comtanee,
50; Owen Stanley, to the BaUletnake^
2; J< B. MaxwJil, to the Dida, 2U ;
Woodford John Williams, to Avenijtr
steam frigate.

Y

4
4

322 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1M&

iko. «4 Brt. G. Ne^Oc Gfwrik, ^k f rmiim G^ti^ tke Bm< i#

the (Mcr of oe Gancr. c^&Mrv vd SfiHter PlesipamiiBTil

RcT. a Dkxn. fio be a Prebcn^HT of BcrtalL to be a Kwfai G^stf Q«ii#

York. the B^ Jfotf HoMurdhie (Mv.

Mmw. E. Kihert. Rl^ to tke Ha^ !f ' ^T^ ^T*' ** Cn««rnlniiii fc

^ - iwMi of DjmJ PeUodk, eiq.,

Je^if im M HnaboT.

B«v. P. Frmww to be ibe PHad|>el 98L CKMn Geoi^ Dk«UH»«n^to

r of AMna. Moift.

ViiftB kln^Md

of tbe Cbkbcattr DrristT Coikse. be CoibuI Gcacnl m tbe _

SLt^. a G. UUbl, 3L.U tobe Had T<Mts» Sms nl te AortriM T^ni.

Maler of Wenmier SckooL tones oa tke AArMdc^J

Higinwf, ef^. to be

JUNE- Co«»M«fcr-»-CKef of

GAznrt PEOMonoys. JJ*^^ Ai»guilU> tfce^ ^

DommicB. _ Ifajor-GcBenl Sir Job

6l Sir bnc Lvoa Goldflui Bon., to Harrer, K.C.Bw, to be LieoL-Goftnor

aeccpc »d use in' this coaBtrr tbe titie of of Xo^ Scotk.

BoroQ Dc Goiikoid and dk P^faaein, S7. Lord Fraadb Eferfoo, creeled

irbicb the Queca of Portugal bu been Tueotmt Bnckler. of Bnekler, ca

pleucd to ccofrr upon him la iinnifcai Nortbampcoo. and Earl of Bnemwre, of

tkn of the iBportsot terriers leudaed EUesmere* co. Salop. — To be BaroHti

hw bim oa rahoui oecasocu to tbe Por- of tbe United Kinsdoai : Tbe Rigbl

ti'ifiMW^ aadoB, and ako to bear certain Hoo. Tbocaas Frankknd Lewis, of Bap-

yHi»i*^^» arsorial bearinfs granted to toocourt, oo. Radnor; Joba gotrml

bim br the imal decree of Her Maieay I^kingtaa, of Wettwood-aark. fOi of

tbe Queen of ^ortuiraL Worcester, en^ ; John GiMktoae, «f

— Tbe Queen bat been pleased to Faaque aad BaHbor, co. RiacafdaK^

Dt uoto George Vere Lucai. *>( Med- eaq. ; Jaoses Weif Hog?, of Cppcr Gr8t>
(oum, CO. LeicnCer, and of Scock-park, Tenor-street, Middlesei* esq. ; Wiffim
in FiiKSthwaite, in tbe parish of CouJton, Feilden, of Feniseoaies.

CO. Lancaster, e<q. (in compliance with esq. ; WiUiam Vomer, of Vfnif I'lbrfajft,
the will cf Mary Braithwaite, of Stock- co. Armagh, aad of fammagh,eou Tjnone,
nark, deceased^ to take the fomame of ea^. ; Sir Moses Moateime. of B«l
Braithwaite ooIt, and bear tbe arms. CItfle lodce, in the ble of Tbaoct, kit
9. George Lowe, esq. (now CodsqI — Tbe Mvquis of Douglaa, to be
at Pitras), to ^ General in Knight Manbal of Seotlaad. — Major-
Tripoli ; T ««q. (oow General Sir Patrick Roes, G.C.M.G..
Britiih Vic vi). to be to be GoTemor of St. Helena.— William
^^PQsiilat* Tboasas DenisoB, esq., Ciplaia RmI
ML KoE 1 Foote, Engfawan, to be Ueut..Oo«cnmr of Vw
|. (ta tk ^^ttingal, DieoMa^ Lead.— Tlie Qoa. ~

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 323

PROMOTIONS.

I

■

I

WHJlun AdolpbuB Bruce, lu he Lieut-

0«venior of Newfoundlaind Murrell

Robinson Robitiiout esq., to be Seeond
AlfistAnt Surteyor of the Cape of Good
Hope. — DAuiel H, O. Gordon, esij,, to
be Cbicf Justice foi^ the Virgin Islandi;
and Sinelair Bryan, e»q,» to 1j<? Treawirer
for the sM Islands.

— Lieutenant- Colonels llnrry Shake-
speare Pfiillipi, 53rd Foot ; Thomas
Harle Franks, 10th Foot; George Lenox
Davis, 9th Foot ; John Rowland Smytb,
16th Lancers ; ChriBtopher Godby, 664 h
Bengal Native Infantry ; Cbriitopher
Dixon Wilkinson, 63rd Bengal Native
Infiintry ; Robert Adrian Stedman» l»t
Bengal C a vain' ; Nicholas Penny, 6S>th
Bengal Native tnfeniry ; Jtihn Armstrong
TbompBon, 52nd Bengal Native Infantry;
Henry John Wood, Bengal Artillery ;
Jvmtti Alexander, Bengal Artillery ;
Joicph Naeht 43rd Bengid Light In-
&ntry ; John Theophiln* Lane, Bengal
Artillery ; Henry Moufgomery Lawrence,
Bengal Artillery ; Frederick Abbott,
BengaJ Engineerii ; George Stmaon
JLaurensoni Beni^jl Artillery ; and Major
Henry Fonter, Commanclmg the Sbektt«
wattee Brigntle, to be Cnrapaniotut of the
Bath,

Aa>lV Ari^OINTMENTS.

9. 6th Dragooni, C'a plain W. Ark-

wriffht, to be Major SSOth Foot, Captain

L, D. Gordon, to be Major*— "i'flth Foot,
Captain H, H. Kitebenpr, tu he Alajor. —
aeth Foot, Major E. Bcmd, from o8r6
Foot, to tie Major, I' fVif brevet Lieutenant.
C>obnel H. Havelock» who exrhanges.

10. Royal Artillery, Major- General
Froderick 'Walker, to be Colonel- Com-
mandant.

19. iird Dragoon Guardit, Ca|itain J.

D. Dyson, to be Major 3 1st Foot,

Lieutenant Colonel H. S. Pbiilips, from
iM Foot, to be Lieutenant- Colonelf
Ipiil Lieutenant -Colonel J. Byrne, who
esehangea. — 85th Foot, Lieutenant- Co-
lonel Str J. G, Le Marohant, from bi-
speeling Field Officer of a Kecnilting
District, to be LieuttiianU Colonel, virc
F. Maiinseil, appointed inspecting Field
OfKcer of a Recruiting District.

Brevet, — To he Aide*-de*Cttnii) to the
Queen, with the rank of Colonel in the
Army, Lieutenant- Coloiieln J. Seote, Oth
Light Dragoons i J- L. Pennelather,
fiQhd Foot; and A. S. H. Mountain,
Mtb Fo^, — ^To be Li<^utenant- Colonel
in the Artny, Major J, R. Sinylh, Iftth
Liijht Dragonna,— To be Majors in the

Army, Captalu>^ T. H. Pearson^ Itith
Light Dragoons; E. B, Bere, 16th
Light Dragoons; L. Fyler, 16th Light
Dragoons; W. Malhiaj, 62ncl Foot;
D> F. Longworth» 31 st Foot; G. F,
Long, 50ih Foot ; \V. P. Waugh, lOtb
Light Dragoons ; and H. Bates, d2nd
Foot, — To W Aide^-de-Camp to the
Qneen, with ihe rank of Colonel in Uie
Rasl Indies, Lieuten»iiu-Culonels L. R.
StftcVt 43ftl Bengal Native Infantr)' ; G.
E* Gowan, Bengal Artillery ; and P,
Monigomerie, Madras Artillery — To be
Lieutenant- Colonels in the Army in the
East IndieR, Majors \V. J. Thoinp&ont
12th Bengal Native infantry -, H, M,
Lawrence, Bengal Artiliery ; F» Abbott,
Bengal Engineehii ; J* F. Bradford, Hi
Bengal Light Cavalry j B. E^ Reilly,
Bengal Engineers; G. S, Laureusion,
Bengal Artillery ; J. Angelo, 3rd Bengal
Light Cavalry ; C. Mnrshall, 68tb Bengal
Naliie Infantry ; and A, Jack, iKXli
Bengal Native Infantry. — To be Majors
in the Army in the Ea^t Indies^ Captains
i"'. MackeMin, 14th Bengal Native In-
fantry ; 'h Turloii, Bengal Artillery ; F.
B. Boikau. Bengal Artillei^i R," Hill,
7l>Eh Benjial Native Infantry; C, Cor-
lieid, 47th Bengal Native Infantry; C.
Troup, 48tli Bengal Native intanlry ; T-
F, Fleming, *%th Benj^al Native Infantry ;
A. L. Cainpt>ell, i>t BengsU Light
Cavalry ; M. E, Loftie, liOth Bengal
Native' Intkntry ; W. E. Baker. Bengal
Entjineer* ; R. WalJer» Bengal Artillery ;
J* I'^ordyee, Bengal Artillery ; J. Lee-
>on, 42nd Bengal Native Infantry ; C.
O'Brien. 3rd Bengal Native Infantry;
\V. Hoggan, ti3rd Bengal Native in-
fantry ; W. S, PillauiJ, Bengal Artillen' ;
H. T, Tucker, 8th Bengal Native fn-
fanlry; A, G. Ward, 68ih Bengal Nadve
Infantry: E, Christie. Bengal Artillery;^
T. L. Harrington, 5tb Bengal Cavalry ;'
D. Seaton, hi Bengal Eurooean Regi-
rnent — To have the lfK.*al raiiK of Major
in the Aro^y in the East Indies, Major
H. Forster. commanding the Shckawattee
Brigade.

!26. Roy id Artillery, Captain and bre*
vet Major" Archibohl White IIo|m*^ to be
Lteutenant-CuIoneL — Royal Engineer?^.
Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Matson, to
he A8»iittant*Adjutant-GcneraJ, — Royal
Sappers and Miner*^, brevet Major Jamea
Lynn, Royal Engineers, to be Adjutant.

29. Royal Artillery, brevet Colonel
W\ G, Power, to be Colonel; brev«i
Major John Louia Smitli, to bia Lieu**
tenant' Colonel.

Y u

an A?^?frAL ee&is^te

tUg», F, Lear, m 'v( Dbb «f a
%^ ft. 3f. KcMoi^. «> W

tf^m.«»l Rev. ft. W. T. W««, «>ae

Mr r;h«Vs WcdMreO, to be Dcfocr
HUmtr4 (A th^ Vmrtnkf of OzfenL

Mff F. H. Do^, to be Baseifrr
iimrnnl fff the CtatooM.

Hfr fMvid F'lllork, to be Chief Joitice
of fk/mbcj,

«f'f««;fih PtiiUimore, D.C.L., to be
«f fidfpii /;f the Omtwtory Court of Gkm-
ri»d#r,

jrLY.

HA7,mt l'lU>MOTfO.V8.

*i. l/l<fiit^ifit-(>ilotielf Henry De»-

Mirtl, (HHh Fmit Atul Robert Henry

Yfynywd, Mb Compuioni
(iflhfiniilh.

fl. Thn IV ne, K.G.,

III \m l^ril T Coun-

v\\. TIm» I> -» Right

" M. C:h«rK > Pnvy

|HI.^L ' Lord

■r.C

li7,€l^Gbpft.ftJi.

te B& W. F.

EarlaKaar,t»heL«4<
Hcrllaii^'sl
Gl F. HMORi ao he Vicse-C
LbH, liafCK Oi, Ciimiilki. EmI
Fsiene. Laad Sanmd^Lad AIM
P^ec to he Chief Eyiiiii and Ckfi
Mmikd a^HerM^imi; nKomt Mar.
pelK Ahaamier ^Ghie, caq.« and the
Hoo. Chvles AlexaMkr Gore, to be
CoaHHBOBen of Her Migeaty^ Woodi*
FoRstiy Land Rcmuiesi* WoriEi* aso
BoilAifi.— The Mar^ of Own.
carde, to be IVHiiaMin.GeDeriL'i^'Ihc
RiffhtHoB. Rkhvd Lalor Sheil, Bfaler
and Worker of Her Maieity*t Mint; aad
the Right Hon. Thomas Bdbra«tOQ Ma-
cmlsyf PiiypMtter*Genfni»

— Henry Jamet Pctiy, ci|.t Baniiter-
at Law, to be one of the (JommiBBOBen tD
act in the proaecution of fiati in bank-
ruptcy (at Liverpool).

a The Right Hon. Sir John Caan
Hobhouae, Bart, to be Her M^eKy^
CommiflMoner for the aflGun of India.—
The Marquia of Angleaey, K.G. and
G.C.B., to be Master-Geoeral of the
Ordnance— Colonel C. R. Fox, to be
Surveyor of the Ordhiance ; and Cohmd

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 325

PROMOTIONa

ihe Hon, George Atisoti, Clerk of J he
Ddrtaiice. — Charks BulJer, <?««).« to be
Advocate- General — Earl Spencer, Lord
Edward G. F, Howard, and the Right
Hon. Thomas Miltier Gibson, iworn of
the Privy CouiiciL — The Right Hon.
T» M. Gibfioni to be Vice- Pre* ideni of
the Board of Trade.

9. Earl Granville, lo be Master of Her
Majett?^ Buck H oun ds.

1 L The Duke of Norfolk, to be MasttT
of the Horse,

2L William Bunbury M*Clintock, of
Manor Highgate^ cu. Ferntauagh, esq^
Commander R,N.» in compliance with the
will of his maternal uncle, Thomas Bun-
bury ^ of Liiuavagh and Movie, co. Car-
lo w» esq-tlo *<ike the name of Bunbury
after AI*Clintock, and bear the arms of
Bunbury in the Unt oyarter,

24. hdmund. Earl of Morley» Henry
George Frauds, Earl Ducie, and Henry
MarnitTSt Lord Watcrpark, to be Lords in
Waiting if) ordinary to Her Majesty* —
Thoma* Henry, Lord Foley, to be Cap-
tain of the Gentlemen at Arms, — Lucius
Bentinck Viscount Falkland, to be Captain
of the Yeomen of die Guard.

28, Capt, Cliarleu Graham, and Com-
mander George Jamef H*y, ILN., to be
Companions of the Bath*

To be Under- Secretariet of ^tate, —
Home Department, Right Hon. E, J,
Stanley; roreign, Sir VV, fc>omcrvUle»
BmeUi Colonial, Benjamin Hawcs, ewi.,
M.P.

To Ix! Joint Secretaries of the Trea-
sur)% — John Parker, esq. , and IJ. Tufiiell,
esMK

To Imj Secretary of the Admiralty. —
\L G. Ward, i»q.

To be Sccrerarie«> to the Board of Con-
trol.— ^^G. 8. Byngi esq,, and T* Wyse,
esq.

Private Secrelariejs. — Sir Dennis Lc
Marchant, and the Hon George Kcppel,
to Lord John Hu§sell ; Capt. (be Hon.
Grey, to Earl Grey; G. C. Cornwall,
M', to the Marquis of Cbmriearde.

IKILAND. To be Lord Chancellor,
RU Hon. M. Brady ^ Lord Chief Baron,
Right Hun. U, "R. Pigot ; Attorney-
General, Richard Moore, eMj, ; Solicitor-
General. J ame*, H. Monahaii, esq, ; Coun-
«el to the (lovemmentt John Hatcfaellj
esq*, Q C. J Under- i?ecrciary of State,
T. 8. Redington, c&q.

Houfehold of the Lord Lieutenant of
JrclandU— Mr. Prittie, to be Chamberlain ;
Capt. William*, Controller of the House-
hold ; Mftttheu Furtc«cue, e*q , to be

Master of die Horse; Mr. Mai or, Gentle-
man at Large ; and to be Aides*de- Campi
Capt, Bagot, First A,D-C. ; Hon, Capt.
Daly, Lord Dunltellin, and Jlr. Ponsonby
(paid)^ Captain Bernard, Lord Mount-
chadesy and Lord Killian ( nnpaid)*

ArJIY APFOtNTMRNTS,

7. 5iMh Fml, Captain G. r^L Tew, to

be Major. — Breve t» lo be Majors in the
Army : Captain U, S. Roiian, Royal
Artillery, Captain C, Lewis, 80th Foot,
Captain H. AlatsotT, 58lh Foot, Ca|itain
A. W. Reed, 96th Foot, Captain R,
Dennv. 58tli Foot, Captain W, B. Mar-
tuw, koval Engiueers, Captain W, B.
lyangfonj, Roy^ Marine^ and Captain
H. R. E. Wilmot, Roval Artillery,— The
Rev. G. R, Glcig, M.A., Pfincipil Chap-
lain to the Force*, to be Chaplain-Gene-
ral to the Forces; the Rev, C. Green,
M.A., and the Rev. W. Hare, M,A,, to
be Chaplains to the Forces,— Hosjpital
Siaff, Sumon J. M* An drew, M.D., from
the 40th Foot^ to be Sta^ Surgeon of the
tlr»t clasB.

10. 30th Foot, brevet Lieutenant- Colo-
nel H. S. Ormond, lo be Lieutenant-Co-
lonel ; brevet Major J. G. Gcddes, to be
Major.— 40th Foot, Captain T. J. Valiant,
to be Major. — 74lh Fout, Atajor J, For-
dyce, lobe Lieutenant- Colonel ; Captain
the Hon, T. 0'(irady, to be Major,

21. Brevet Captain Joseph Edward
Greaves Emsall, I'ilh Foot, to be Major
in the Armv,

3L tJGth' Foot, brevet Major J, Pater-
aon, to he Major.^ — &5lli Foot, Captain B.
Taylor, lo be Major — 87th Foot, brevet
Major F. H. Robe, ti* be Major. — L^n-
attaehcd, brevet Lieutenant Colonel S. R,
Warren (Major unatlached ), to be Lieti-
tenanl- Colonel — Brevet Capl, M, Mul-

kora, tmh Foot, to hr Major Staff,

Major T. O'Brien, 87th Foot, to be
Depyly Adjutant -General to the Forces
in the Leeward nnd Windward Islandi
(with the rank of LiculcKaoi-Colonel in
the Anny); Major W\ J. D'Crban, Sfith
Foot, to bi* Deputy Wuartcrma'^ter- Gene-
ral to the Forces in the l^cnard and
Windward Islands (with the rank of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel in the Array; Major H, ,1,
French, 85th Foot, to be' Deputy Quar-
termaster-Genend to the I'orces icrving
at Jamaica (with the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel in the Army).

Naval Promotion i*

4, With reference to the etigagement

ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1846.

3» b« IirafiHnt.~F. F.
, fUi, dnp rhJjfkim. bgfng Ag

i is 9e jctimi.

taWC
T:i be
■tefer, JL J. W^mfiev. C. S.
& & SidHc^ Lori' F. a. Korr. &
. W. T^ riw, «•{ W. H. Rn-

C-R. ID be Co
C&f ta fiat Eirt
T: Heeken. K.C.BL a» succeed Rnr.
A*Hri bcldfeU A tbe I ■■iMil «
BkiHib : mi 2ff . H. UschaoL to ooflib-
mtmi OB xhe comk oi Afincm. — Co«-
■■ % 1 1. J. a Cr^or. to the SfAft^
tfEHft ttoopv W. Efin^to tae AkrC 6: H.
X Dou^iH^o* tbeBe^i^Mw. 10; J. R.
BoQCb.ti>tbeCjJbi^ur^l6: A. SUe.to
Ae Aernnr anm sloof> : C. Scanner, lo
Ihe Ok^ anm Awpc — Lkuatuanai^
C. R. Jiil—iw to cocnaBaBd the Gmtti,
C. G. Rac^e, to coannasd tbe TVidthir,

(iMe ckief ckrfc Sv £x-
X to be Soficilor to te

MeHISAS aiTLKXlD to Pab.uaju.xt.

CmHov Col— Wna. Banburr M'Clra-
todi. e9i|.

ffirlfdfti'iyAi Co — T. Maitlaad. esi^

LmmcmMkiFt k 5. ) — WtDLun Browa, e«4.

fTorccffor.— Sir Deni< Le >UrciiaDL

Lomiem. — lRi^.x H«^. Loni John
RiwelL

ToKrr iimmhis.—C6khM% Fo3L

A£>x.— R^cht Hon. C. Wood.

X>eroepar<.— Ricfac Uoo. Sir G. Grej.

Tcjoitov— Right HocL H. Labouchetv.

Ckater John Jervis esq.

(rr«anntA. — C«pt. DundiSw

GhmeesUr.-^HoQ. M. F. F. Berkeley.

Aidiinpkmm, — Right Hon. Sir J. C
Hobhouse.

Jntrtom. — Mtcount Pklmeritoo.

Ifcadkecf^.— Right Hon. T. Milm^
GDmod.

Pfyntom' '%brington.

PerdL ' Maule.

Harti Cowper.

JChu ^ L. Sheil.

iA6

AUtcd MoQitooaefT, caq^ to be Soi-
tor of i

Sir Wallet & RidMt BmC, to W
rir rin nflfii^iiMi

Ha>7 gi^^B. CB%, to be Dtptftf
flf tbe Court of Cbenoo; ia

to be Sopenbar
of Meuk for bcr M^jo^-i Doc^wik

ACOrST.
Gazctts Pbomottoks.

1. Eeii GmmBe^ amtm of tbe hnj
CbuDciL— Tbe Eari of LciecHar, to be
Locd Lieatenant and Custos Rotuloi—
of Norfolk.— Ueot^Cblooel tbe fioo.
Cbaries BcaoBKial PUpps» to be E^eent
in Onfioarr to her yi^atr. — Tbe QoieB
wefofied die booour of KjuKbtbood epon
John Jerris. esq^Attoffoer-GeBeral ; aad
oqpoa Captain waKana TfcceMB Deeiwn.
Rond Engineen, Lic^^^e^^a^^Go¥eIfior of
Van Diemen s Land.

a Lord Robert Groateoor, to be T^ea-
fmer of Her M^eitT^ HoiaebokL— Sir
Watkin Oweo PeU, knt.. Captain R.K,
to be one of tbe ComnuMwiuew of GiW'
wirh HospHaL—Samnel ^6cbolM Rooln.
eiq.. to be Solidlor-Getteia] for Tobtgo.

4. The Earl of Uatowel and Loid
CamoTf, to be Lords in WaitiiMr m Ofdia
arj to'ber Mijestr. — Admhvl Sir Bdoeid
CodringtoB, G.O.B. and G.C.M.O., to
be one of the Grooma in Waiting fai
Ordinarr to Her Majeatj. — Fhncialfor.
gin, gent, only 9on of John Mofgaa,
of P^Ktsea, eaqn Commander R.N., in
memorr of Fruicia Fkanaa» of PmIs-
moiitb,'eH|., to take the onto of Fhrncb,
onlv.

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

PROMOTIONS.

k

10. ViscoLtnt Clifden, to be Lord of ihe
BedcBfliuber to H.R^H. Prince Albert.

18, iMarrtuis of Norman b)r« «o be Ara-
buiiador CxtranrdinAry and Plenipoten-
tiary to tho King of the French ; Vig«
count Ponionby, G.C»B.t to be Ambas-
iodor Extraordinary and Plepipotentiary
to the Emperor of Austria.

19. Knitted by letters- pate at, Alfred
Stepbeiii esq,, Chief Jmstice of New South
Wales.

*25> Oliver Byme» eiq,, to bo Surveyor
for Her Majesty's Settlements in the Falk-
land Islands.

26. John, Earl of Stair, to be Keeper
of Seal appointed by the Treaty of Union
to be made use of m place of the Great
Seal of Scotland.

29. Edward Strutt* esq.^ to be one of
ibe Commiftsionen of Hailways» and ako
President of the Miid Commiiaionen.

Private Secretaries. — R. J, Mackintosh,
esq.t to Lord Morpeth; Mr. Hobhouse,
to Sir J. C\ Hobhouse ; Thotnas Poole
Ward, esa,, to the Right Hon. T. M.
Gibson; W, Torrcns M'Ciillagh, psc^.^to
Mr, Lftbouchere.

Army AppoiNTMENra,

7. 4rh Light Dragoons, brevet CoL J,
Van dele ur, from the lOtli Light Dra-

rions, to be Lieutenant- Co Ion el, vice
ieuienant- Colonel W. Parlby, who ex-
changets. — Coldstreatn Guards, Lieutenant
and Captain J. Forbes, to bo Captain and
Lieutenant-Colonel.— Cth Foot, Major J.
Crofton, to be Lieutenant- Colonel ; Cap-
tain J. T Gritlitha, tn be Majnr,— 19th
Foot. Captain H. Calley, to be Major.
— 39th Foot, brevet Major M. G. Nixon,
to be Major*

14. 1st Foot Guards, Lieutenant and
Captain the Hon. Jame» Lindsay, to be
Captain and Lieutenant- Col one I. — Ist
Foot, General the Right Hon. Sir James
Kempt, G.C.B. , to he Colonel — 2nd
Foot, Major - General Lord Saltoun,
K.C.B., to be Colonel. — 55lh Foot, Lieu-
tenant-General John Wardiaw, to be Co-
lonel—Unattached, Captain James St.
John Munro, from 60ih Foot, to be
Major ^Brevet Major John Qraitan,
l&ii Foot, to be Lieutenant^Colonel in
the Array.

25, 79th Fool, Captain J. Ferguson,
to bo Major —Unaitacht'd, brevet Major
T. C. Smith, from 27tb Foot, to be Major.

*26. Royal Artillery, Major-Generals
J. W. Tobin and R. S. Brougb, to be
Colonek Commandant.

28. 7th Dragoons, Captain Arthur
Shirley, to be Major — 3rd Foot, Brevet
Lieut.. Colonel Charles T. Van Sirmu-
benree. from the Idth Foot, to be Major,
vict Major A. A- T. Cunynghame. who
exchanges. — Brevet Capt, Edward Fran-
CIS Elliot, nth Foot, to be Major in the
Army*

NAVAt, PROMOTtONS,

To be Captains. ~G. E. Pater, P.
Justice. E. J. Carpenter* H. Broadhead,
H. Smith, A. L. Montgomery, and Regi-
nald Yorke,

To be Commanders, — W. Morris (b),
H. G. Morrif, J. H. Cookhum, F. T. B.
Hankey, C- F. A. Shodwell, and George
Williams.

Appointments.^ — Commanders, G. B.
Davif, to the BuHdog steamer j E. 8.
Sotheby, to the Racehorse, 18; J- T*
CaldweU, to the Agimtmrtt 72 i O. H.
Wood, to the Hound, 6; L. S. Tindal
(184 1), to the QfeeiMi, 16; W. N.
Fowell to the Cherftke* iteam-sloop.

Captain Houston Stewart, C. B., to be
acting superintendant of Woolwich Doeli*_
yard

Members returned to ParuajhentT

Kilkenntf Co Richard Smith wick, esq,

St. /l/j&on'*.— Benjamin B. Cabbell, es<j.
St. /t'e's— .Lord W. Paulett.
D^ndaUt.—D, O'Coancn, juu., esq.

Eccr.E8!A8TlCAL PhEI'ERMENT8.

Rev. .T. F. Dimock, to be a minor
Canon of Southwell.

Rev. R. W. Ford, to be am hou. Canon
of Gloucester.

Civil PREFEBMENTfi.

J. J. Murphy, esr^., Q. C, to be a
Master in Chancery, in Ireland,

Rev. J. Robertson, M.A,, to he Head
Master of Bishop's College, Bristol.

SEPTEMBER.
Gazette Promotions.

2, Knighted by patent, Da^id Pollock,
est).. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of Judicature at Bombay.

16. The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine,
to be Ca{>tain-General and Govemor-in-
Chief of Canada, New Brunswick, and
Nova Scotia, and the Island of Prince Ed*.

328 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846

PR0M0T10N&

wvd.— The Right Hon. Sir J. R. G.
Grabam, Bvt, to be ooe of the Eodesi-
Mlical Commissiooen for England, in the
loom of the Right Hon. Sir G. Grcr,
Bort^ resigned. -The Right Hon. Sir. G.
Grey, Bart, being one of Her MMCstj^
Frincipal Secretaries of State, to be an
Eociesiastical Commissioner for England.
..Knighted by patent, Edward Pine
Coffin, eso.. Commissary- General of Her
fifajesty's Forces.

25. The Right Hon. Sir Charles Ed-
ward Grey, Knt, to be Captain* General
and Governor -in -Chief of Jamaica. —
William Reid, esq^ Lieutenant- Colonel
Roval Engineers, &c, to be Goremor
and Commander-in-Chief of Barbados,
Grenada, Sl Vincent, Tobago, and St.
Lucia. — Charles Elliot, esq.. Captain
R. N., to be Governor and Commander-
in-Chief of the Bermudas or Somers
Islands. — Major- General the Right Hon.
Sir Henry Poitincer, Bart, G.C.B., to
be Governor and Commander-in-Chief
of the Cape of Good Hope.— Hospital
Staff, John Hall, M.D., to be Deputy
Inmector-General of Hospitals.

29. The Hon. G. Grey, Captain RN.,
to be Captain of the port of Gibraltar.

of the FieCory/ Gi^iliiii W. R Ha
BOO, to the Sidomg Captein A. B. Bn
to Greeowi<:fa HotpkmL

Commanderm. — E.- Tatbam, to
Ralayk^- C. Lu HockiD, to the Ster

Meumbm. aktu&ked to PAmuAja

2>er6y. — Edwatd Stmtt, esq.
elected.)

EcCLEOASnCAI. PtLKFEMUEm

Rev. F. Cuoningham, to be an 1
Canon of Norwich.

Rev. E. T. Vaugfaan, to be an I
Canon of Peterbonnigh.

Civil PjiEFERMEKTfl.

The Right Hon. David P^ot, to
Chief Baron of the Court of Excbec
in Ireland.

R. B. Crovrder, esq,, Q.C., to be
corder of Bristol.

OCTOBER.
Gazette Promotioks.

Army Appointments.

8. 5(h Dragoon Guards, Major W. H.
Archer, from 14th Light Dragoons, to be
Major, vice Major J. W. King, who ex-
changes.— Scots Fusilier Guards, Lieu-
tenant and Captain the Hon. George
Augustus Frederick Liddell, to be Captain
and Lieutenant- Colonel. — Brevet Cap-
tain Sir Arthur Brooke de Capell Brooke,
27th Foot, and Captain James Straker,
Srd West India Regiment, to be Majors
in the army.

11. Rifle Brigade, Capt. A. J. Law-
rence, to be Major. — Unattached, Major
W. Sullivan, from the Rifle Brigade, to
be Lieutenant- Colonel.

18. Staff, Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel
H. Havelock, of 5drd Foot, to be Deputy
Adjutant-General to Her Majesty's Forces
serving at Bombay.

Naval Promotion

To be Captain?.— S. L. ;
Forbes.

To be Commanders. — J
C. L. Hockin.

Appointments. — Captaii
chier, K.C.B., to be Suf
Chatham Dock-yard; Ca^
.Bincltir, Bart, to be addi.

5. Captain the Hon. Robert Edw
Boyle, of the Coldstream Guards, to
one of the Grooms in Waiting in On^
to Her Majesty.

9. George Jarratt Horsfall, of Elm6<
House, Warmsworth, co. York, gent,
compliance with the last will of Jo
Jarratt, late of Doncaster, esq., to fake I
surname of Jarratt only; and bear 1
arms of Jarratt quarterly with his o
arms.

13. John Ball, of Dublin, esq., B
rister-at-law, to be an Assistant Poor L
Commissioner.

15. Henry Edward Sharpe,esq., to
Chief Justice for the bland of St. Vi
cent ; John Sealy, esq. , to be Attomc
General of Barbados.

20. John Pascoe Grenfell, esq., a Rei
Admiral in the Brazilian Navy, to
Consul-General in the United Kingdc
for the Emperor of Braiil.

27. The Right Hon. Sir Henrv Potti

jer, Bart, G.C.B., Governor of the Ca

tf Good Hope, to be Her Majesty's Hi|

i]!ommis5ioner for the settling and adju

•'^it of the affairs of the territories a

nt or contiguous to the eastern ai

h-eastern frontier of the said settJ

>t; and Richard Woosnam, esq.,

cretary to such High Commissionc

The Right Hon. Sir Thorn

»

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

PRO MOTION a
Wilde, Lord Chief Justice of the Com-
mon Fleas, wad rhe Rt^ht Hon. Edwiird
Strutt, sworn of the Privj Council,

AiLMY Appointments.

329

Ecclesiastic A I* Peefermenth.

»

I

2. 1st Of Grenadier Guards, Captain
and Lieutenant- Colonel Sir Ord Hony-
man, BarL, to be Major, with the rank of
Colonel in the Army; Lieutenant and
Captain Henry Cartwriglit, to be Captain
and Lieutenant- Colon eL — ^ScoLi Fu&ilicr
Guards, Lieutenant and Captain Frederick
Brandreth, to be Captain and Lieutenant-
ColoneL — Capt. J. C. BurmcbteTt Royal
Engineefft, to be Major in the Army, —
Captain W, F. Grant, 63rd Bengal
Native Infantry, to be Major in tlie Army
in the Ea.it Indies.

9. lOlh Foot, Major George Bobson
Young, from 31st Foot, to be Major, vice
Major George Staunton, who exchanges.

20. Captain L. Coker, of the 29th
Foot, to be Major in the Army* — To be
Lieutenant- Colonels in the Army : Major
G. V, Creagh, 8Ut Foot; brevet Major
J, H. Bainbrigge, Fort Major at Guem.
sey; Major S* K. Goodman, 27th Foot*
.^-To be Majors in the Array : Capt. W.
H, Hennis, Royal Artillery ; Captain R.
M. Mundy^ Royal Artillery.

27- Captain \V. T, Harrison, of the 3fd
West India Regiment, to be Major in the
Army.

Navj\l Promotions.

To be Captain. — W, Sheppard (retired
list).

To be Commander — W. Robsnn.

Appointments.^— Captains, A* Mdne, to
be rlag-Captnin to Admiral Sir C. Ogle,
and to command the St. Vincent^ 1*20 ;
Owen Stanley, to the Haitlesnake, 2, for
ttJrreying lenrtce ; T. V. An son » to the
EvrySce, 22; Stephen Lusbington, to
the Veftgfance, 84.

Comwiandcri H. Goold (1930), to

the Ocenn, 80 ; E. W. G. West, to the
Antlrotnrdaf 44 ; A. P. Ryder (additional)
to the Tartarus, surveyiopf steam vessel ;
Robert Tryon, to the Murine, 12.

31. Nmmi RrtiremenU The Gazette

contains the names of fifty Captains,
R,N,, appointed to the ranSc of retircfl
Rear- Admiral; umety-four Captains who
have accepted the rt' tin' merit of their rank
at I/, per diem, and ihirty-two the same
at 18** per dieio. — Captains John Simp-
son, John BowktT, George Mowbray, and
Alexander Barclay Branch, K. H., to be
Captains of Greenwich Hoqiital.

Dr. T. V. Short (Bishop of Sodor
and Man), to be Hishnp of St. Asaph.

Rev, T. Chevallier, to be Hon. Canon
of Durham.

Rev. R. Grey^ to be an Hon, Canon
of Durham.

Rev. J. Hall, to be an Hon. Canon of
BristoL

Rev. E. X Vaiighan and Rev. W.
Wales, to be Hon, Canons of Peter-
borough.

Civil Preferment.

James Campbell, esq., to be Assistant
Secretary to the Post Office.

NOVEMBER,
Gazette Paomottonb.

3. Lord Harris, Lieut -Governor of
Trinidad, to be Governor and Com-
mander-in-Chief in and over that Island,

4. The Right Hon. Earl Granville,
tije Right Hon. Sir Edward Rvan, Knt.,
and Captain Henry Rowland brandreth,
Royal Engineers, to be three of the
Commissioners of Railways, under the
provisions of ihc act 9 and 10 Vict, c,
105, to begin to act on the Oth of Nov.

5. James Simms, esq*, to be Assistant
Judge of the Supreme Court of New-
foundland; and Edward Mortimer Archi-
bald, esq,, to be Attorney-General far
that Island. -~ Charles Douglas Stewart,
esq*, to be Solicitor-General for the
Island of St. Vincent* — Richard Hay-
ward, esq., to be Colonial Surveyor and
Engineer for Sierra Leone-

\i}. Henry Luke Smith Dillon, of
Ljtehel Matravers, co. Dorset, estj*, in
compliance with the will of William
Trenchard, esq., of that place, to take
the name of Trenehard after Ditlon, and
bear the arms of Trenehard quarterly..—.
George Kitson, esq., to be one of her
Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen at
Arm?:.

14. Earl Cowj:er, to be Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the
County of Kent.

24. William a Beckett nnd Roger
Therry, esq|r*., to be Puisne Judges of
the Supreme Court of New South
Wales; Alfred Cheeke, esq., to be
Commissioner of the Court of Requests;
and Thomas Callaghan, c*q*, to be

ii

1

A

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE. 831

PROMOTIONS.

RcLs to be M«}or-G«neral» ; six hien-
ten ant- Colonels to be Calonelt ; and
twenty-four Captains^ to be Majon (with
commbsioni beariog date Nor. 9).

26. Royal ]VlAriae», brevet Lieutenant'
Colonel S. B. Ellif, C.B.» to be Lieu-
tenant- Cobnel.

Naval PnoMOTioNg.

4. Captain Ffederick Jennings Tho-
ina») to be a retired Hear- Admiral.

5« Comtnander Fraiicii Wm, Austen,
to be nromoted to the rank of Captoin,
when ne shall liave sensed the iT<]uifed
period at sea to qualify bim for tbat rank,
for hii service* on ihe River Plate.

Admird of the Red, Sir George Mar-
tin, G,CB.. G,C., St, M, k a, to be
Admiral of the Fleet; four Admirals of
the White, to be Admirals of the Red ; iix
Ad mi nils of tbc Blue, to be Admirala of
the Whrte \ four V^ice-Admiralsi of the
Red» to he Admirals of the Blue ; nine
Vice- Admiral 5 of the White, to be Vicc-
Admiralii of the Red ; fourteen Vice-Ad-,
minili of the Bluci to be Vice-Admirali
of the White ; fourteen Bear- Admirals of
the Hed» to be Vice- Admirals of the Blue v
twenty Rear-Admirali of the White* to
be Rear- Admirals of ihe Red ; seventeen
Rear- Admirals of the Blue, to be Rear-
Ad mirals of the White ; (wentv Captoini,
(o be Rear- Adtnirals of the Blue ; forty-
four Commanders, to bo Captains ; eighty
Lieutenants, lo be Coinmaudcra ; twenty
Mateii to he. Lieutenant*; tvrenly Seeond
Master^! to be Masterf ; ttventy Assis^tant-
Surgeons, to be Surgeons : twenty Clerkii,
to be Payma^tera and Purse n*.

To be Nava! Atde5*de*Caiiip to her
Majettj, Captains Maurice F. F. Berke-
ley, C.B., the Hon. G, A. Crofton, Sir
George R, Sartorius, Arthur Fonslmwe,
C,B.» Lord John Hay, C.B., and Sir
George A. Westphal; and Captain Lord
Adolnhus Fiticlarence. fi.C.H,» to be
, i|ii £xtFB Naval Aide-de-Camp to her
tfajcity. — Doctor Gilbert Kioj^» M. D,
^(Depnty Inspector of Naval Hospitals
and Fleeta)i to be Inspector nf Naval
lionpitok and Fleets; John Mortitner,
esqvt and Henry Parkin* cn[, (rclired
I>eputy Inspectors of Naval Hospitab
and Fleclft), to be retired Inspectors of
Naral Hospitals and Fleets j Dot tor
James Veitch, U.D., Mr. William Col-
vin, and Doctor James Scott (B)v M.D»,
Surgeons Royal Navj* to be retired De-
piily Inspectors of Naval Hojipitala and
Fleet*.

IL Commander Richard Burrld^e,

R.N.t to be Captain Lieutenanta E«

H. B. Proctor and L. B, Mackinnon« I
to the rank -of Commander Royal Na^y,
fur their lervices during the receol opera-
tions in the Parana.

16* Captain Joseph Needham Tayler, j
CBm 10 be retired kear-AdmiraL

17. Admiral Sir Davidge Goulds
GX\B., (0 be Vice- Admiral of the
United Kingdom.

20. Vice- Admiral Sir H. Heatbcoie,
Knt., to be Admiral; Rear* Admiral
Charles Carter, to be Viee-Admiral ;
Captain John Thompson ( A ), to be re*
tired Rear-AdtnimL

EOCLESIASTICAL PRSFEliMElfT8.

Rev. D. Jp Eyre* to be Sub. Dean of
Saliabury Cathedral

Hon. and Rev* R. Cuit, to bc» Pre-
bendary of Lincoln.

Rev« J. Cotterill, to be an hon. Cam»n
of Norwich,

Rev* J. Garbett, to be an hoii. Canon
of Worceater.

Rev. R« Seymour, to be an hon. Canon
of Worcester.

Rev. W.
of Lincoln,

Rev. J.
Salisbury.

W&lterf to be an hon. Canon
Wait*» to be Prebendory of

Civil PaErEiiMXNTB.

William Thompson, B.A., Profi
of Natural Philosophy in the I'niveni^
of Glasgow.

Dr. Wftlihc, to be Profesaor of Clini-I
cal Medicine in Univennly Collegia^'
London.

George Ruaaell Clerk« e«i.» to be
Governor of the Preiidency of Bombay.

DECEMBER.

Gazette Phomotionb,

6* Herbert Townshend Bo went ^*^J{
to be Solicitor- General for Trinidad.

10, Lord HowoTfl de Walden and J
ford, G.CB. (now Envoy Extraordinaty ^
and xMinister Flenipotentwiry to the
Queen of Portugal), to be her Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoteri-
tiary to the King nf tlie Belgians ; Sir
George Hamilton Seymour, G.C.H.
(now Envoy Extraordinary' and IVlintster
Plenipotentiary to tl^e King of the Bel-
gianp)j to bo Envoy Extraordinary und

k.

cocKDinnit

Pint

to be Second

Seeood Lieutenant^

to be Pint

389 ANNUAL RE G I S TE R, lS4e.

PR0MOn01i&

Bfhiiiter Plenipotentiarr to the Queen of Celooel, viee f^pirin mi liaii

Pbrtugil Katberfor) Aleock» ei^ Colooel C« fltaart, who ckIb|

(noir CoDful at Foo-chow.foo), to be brovet Captain H. CWJenit, kt

GoMul at Shanghai ; Richard Bdmve Ottank, to be Htjar k fbt i

Jadnoo, eiq. (now Vioe-CoDnil at Can- Colonel Lofd John Ifaj» to k 1

ton), to be Connil at Foo-cfaow-foo ; Oenernl in tlw Arnr, kif^v

Temple HUliard Uyton, eiq. (nowacU attached; Lientenant-Gbknat JL I

ing as Consul at Amoy), to be Consul at to be Colonel in tlie Armj.

that port. &. Rojal Aitilieiyp CMBMil

la The younger son and daughters Blajor W. H. Besrt^ to oe linli

of James, kite Lord OlenWon, to have Colooel ; Captain

the same precedence as if thenr klber Cfaurke, to be * '

had succeeded to the dignity of Duke of
AthoL

— O. G. Lowenield. esq., to be
Financial Accountant for the colony ef
British Guiana.

17. Raised to the dignity of a Baronet
of the United Kingdom, Heniy Robert
Ferguson Davie, of Creedy, co. Devon,
esq.. Colonel in the Army ; Frederick
Currie, esq., one of the Secretaries to
the government of India; and Anthony
Rotkcfaild, of Grosvenor-plaoe, esq.
(with remainder to his nephews, Nathan
Mever Rothschild, Charles Alfred Roths-
child, and Leopold Rothschild,
sons of Lionel Rothschild, esq.)

19. William Sanderson Cra^, esc}., to
be Consul in the Island of Swdinia, to
reside at Cagliari ; and Frederick W«
Calvert, esq., to be Consul at the Dar-
danelles.

21. Major- General Charles William
Posley, C.B., to be a Knight Com-
mander of the order.

24. Aneurin Ovren, of Egryn, oo. Den-
bigh, esq., to be an Assistant Commis-
sioner of Poor Laws.

28. The younger brothers and sister
of the Marquis of Ailsa to have the
same precedence as if their father Archi-
bald, Earl of CJassilis, bad succeeded to
the dignity of Marquis. — George Grey,
esq., to be Govemor.in- Chief of New
Zealand, and Governor and Commander-
in-Chief in and over each of the two
separate provinces of New Ulster and
New Munster ; Edward John Eyre, esq.,
to be Lieut.-Govemor of each of the two
said separate provinces of New Ulster
and New Munster. — Lieutenant. Colonel
Sir John Gaspard Le Marchant, to be
Governor and Commander-in-Chief o(
Newfoundland.

esqrs.,

Aemy Appointments.

I. Ist Foot Guanb, Lieutenant-Co-
lonel A. A. T. Cunvnghame, from 19th
*oot, to be Captain and Lieutenant-

7. Royal Bfarin
PMUes, to be Colonel and J
mandaDt; GapCain and brafnt Mm
Whyloek, to be Ueuteaaat-M
Second Lieutenant J. J. D. Bsnk
be Fbst Lkotenant, mem WML

a 29th Foot, Muor A. T. Heiq
to be Lieutenant- Cokmelf by porek
Captain G. L. Way, to be Marar.

II. Stai; brevet Colonel W.
Cochrane, to be Deputy Adjulant-0
Fsl to the Forces In Ireland; k
Colonel R. C. Manael, to be Dq
Quaitermaster-(3eneial to the Fb
serving in Ireland; brevet Lieotea
Colonel F. A. Fraser, to be Dq
Quartermaster-Geneiml to the Fo
serving in Canada; brevet Lieotea
Colonel J. Bl Robertson, to be Cok
in the Army ; Major John Wesdake
be Lieutenant-Ck>lonel in the Army.

la Royal Remmentof Artillery,:
jor- General J. Power, to be Cok
(jomnumdant. — RoyU BAarines, Cap
and brevet Mdor Thomas Wearing,
be Lieutenant- Colonel

22. Brevet, Lieutenant-Colooel E.
Anselo, of the dOth Foot, to be Cole
in the Army.

Licutenant-General Sir Benj. D'Url
to be Commander of the Forces
Canada.

29. 4th Light Drsfloons, Major L
G. A. F. Paget, to be Lieutenant-^
lonel ; Captain H. Fane, to be Major
Coldstream Foot Guards, brevet Mi
Lieutenant and Captain C A. Windhi
to be Captain ana Lieutenant- CokN
—gfith Foot, Major B. Taylor, to
Lieutenant-Ciolonel ; Captain J. Bb
bum, to be Major.-— Breiet, Lieoteni
Colonel Lord T. Cecil, of CoidMre
Guards, to be Colonel in the Am

APPENDIX TO CHRONICLE.

PROMOTIONS.

Captain S. B. Jefieries, 5th Foot, and Album, 90; K Coiner,
Captain G. Fitzroy, 6l8t Foot, to be "
Majors in the Army.

333

Naval Peomotions.

To be Captains.— J. P. Roepel and S.
H. Ussher.

To be Commanden. — O. Blane, J. A.
Mends, and G. C. Adams.

Appointments. — Rear- Admiral Sir J.
Louts, to superintend Devonport Dock-
yard; Admiral Bouverie, to be Com-
mander-in-Chief in the Tagus ; Sir W.
E. Pany, to be Captain Superintendent
of the Royal Clarence Victualling-yard
and Haslar Hospital ; Sir J. G. Bremer,
to Woolwich Dockyard; Captain Alex-
ander Ellice, to be Comptroller of Steam
Machhiei^ ; Commander Henry Lavton,
to Bebndera; V. A. Masingbera, to
AUdo, It; E. Peirse, to Cruiser, 16;
G. Lowe, to Renstanee, 42; W. Wors-
fbldy to Imaum, 72; H. Jauncey, to

to Trafalgar,
120; Sir W. S. Wiseman, Bart, to
Vimlictive, 50 ; E. C. T. D*Eyncourt,
to CoMug, 18 ; R. Moorman, to Rattler,
St ; H. M EUicombe, to RoUa, 10 ; H.
Dumaresque, to Seaflower, 6 ; T. Wil-
son, to Canopus, 64. — Promotions : Lieu-
tenant and Commanders, William Swain-
son, to the Penguin, 6; James W.
Tomlinson, to the Harpy, it ; G. Mor-
ris, to Torch, St : E. F. Roberts, to
Mtfrmidon, st.

10. Vice-Admiral Sir E. W. W. C.
R. Owen, G.C.B., to be Admiral of the
Blue; Rear-Admiral Thomas Browne,
to be Vice-Admiral of the Red.

19. Vice-Admiral Sir William Pu-ker,
Bart, G.C.B., to be her Majesty^s First
and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp.

MsMiBii Retuened to Parliament.
Renfrew Cb.— CoL William Mure.

884 ANNUAL BEa'ISTEJt^lM6.

TRIALS, LAW CASES, ke.

PARIS.
TuAii or Pubbi Liooxtb fob ait

ATTBICPT TO AMABBIirATB LOUU
PhIUPPE, KxHG OF THE FbEKOH.

The trial of iho regielde Leoomto
took pUce before the Court of Peers
on the 4ih and 5th of June.

M. Hebert, the Procureur du
Roi, and M. Bresson, his substitute,
were counsel for the prosecution :
M. Duvergier appeared for the
accused.

At twelve o'clock, the Chancellor,
Baron Pasquier, and the members
of the Court entered the hall, and
shortly afterwards Lecomte was
brought in by six gens-d*armes, and
placed between them in the dock.
The accused was dressed in a blue
surtout. He is a middle-sized
man, rather stout, and his coun-
tenance denoted the greatest reso-
lution.

The names of the peers, about
235 of whom were present, were
then called over.

The President directed Lecomte
to stand up, and asked him his
name, age, profession, ^c.

The prisoner replied — ' * My name
is Pierre Lecomte ; I was bom at
Beaumont, in the department of
the- Cote d*Or. I am forty-eight
years of age. 1 formerly occupied
the office of Keeper General of the
forest of Fontainbleau. I last re-
dded at the Rue du Colysee, No. 3.
am unmarried.

M. CmaAj, the Beewiiiy, i
read the indiotoMnt, wlkh
prieonsr Appeared to Bstee to
comadermDla attentum*.

The witDeesea, fortj-oaeiai
ber, were directad to retfialrai
haU.

The Preaident tbea mea
to interroisata tha fioeuaea.

Lecomte admitted that he
fired two shots opon the K
He had, he said, demanded
grant of the pension he was
titled to ; afler suSmng maa]
justices, and instead of aoqniea
in his demand, M. de l^ntal
gave him an annual relief, wl
was only to be paid him during
King's reign. He had Tainlj
postulated with M. de Montaln
he wrote twice to the King,
once to M. Fain, his seereti
The latter informed him that
demand had been referred to
Intendant-General of the Cirfl L
which he regarded as a mjstifi
tion. When he found it impostfi
to obtain justice, he Towed i
gcanco against the King with
communicating his resolution
any body. He had been in
service of tiie House of Orie
since 1829. Lecomte then stat
that at half-past nine o'clock
the evening of the 15th of Ap

• The Prodi who! or report of
Frmnk Carr^ is m Jtgf interaitiiig do
ment, but too long for intcrtiou ; it wil

found m txttMo m the ThtM i

oftfieM June.

LAW CASES.

336

r FoBtainWeau, wliere he
vt ^ves o'clock the next

and iinmediately pro-

recoiiriaitre the ground.
;ed from the diligence at
de TAigle Koir, followed
of the Obelisque, and re-

the avenue of Avon* to
He intended at iirsfc to
leelf ill tho ehnrehjard,
►ked into the royal park ;
Qg changed his resolutions
\ the wall of the Petit
He vainly looked out
ler, and was in the act of
tjgot to reach the top of
when he heard the noise
ittge, mounted npon them
! he could, and the King
ftt the moraent» he fired
fipitation two shots at the
He had loaded the gnn
arquet. He placed some
a bullet in the right bar-
two bullets in the loft one.
the forest, he had not re-
i Fontainbleau^ because he
known in the town ; he
akfaated at an inn near
and then walked back to
tet of Avoiu He had con*
1 gnn under a rock in the
Being, at one o'clock in
Doon of the L^tb, on the

Carrouaal, he had beard
'vants belonging to the
iBehold speak of the dopar-
heKing for Fontainblean,
went home, made his pre-
i to depart for that town, and
iga seat in the sixoVlock
9 engaged nna for nine

The double-barrelled gim
was purchased hy him be-
lad left the King's service.
President observed, that it
I, hy the hooks of the gun-
lat he had purchased it on
of May, 1844, that is, four
kfter he had been diamtefred

the King's service, and that it waa
evidently for the purpose of com-
mitting the act he had been guilty
of.

Lecomte maintamed that he
had purchased it whilst in the
King s service.

Lecomte then entered into a long
and passionate txpoi^ of his
grievances against the King, and
having been asked hy the President
i( he had an accomplice* replied,
that the injustice he had suffered
had alone prompted him to commit
the attempt.

The President afterwards ques-
tioned him respecting the meaning
he attafbcd to the following docu-
ment found in bis room : — ** He
who has committed the act is as
brave as those who calumniate him*
In his resolution ho only sought
success, without heeding the dan-
ger to which he exposed himself.
If he chose that ppot it was by di-
vine inspiration* The consolation
of his holy work will accompany
him in the grave."

Lecomte said, that before leaving
Paris, he had paid his landlord,
and told hiui that be would, per-
haps, return on the next day.
His resolution was not then filed.
As to his will, every body was at
liberty to put upon it the construc-
tion they pleased ; but he declared
that he had not been influenced
by any person, and that he acteil
from his own accord, actuated only
hy the sense of the injustice he
had suiFered.

The President then directed
Lecomte to sit down, and com-
menced the interrogatory of the
witnesses.

Count de M on tali vet, the first
witness examined, stated that, at
ivc o'clock, u.M,.on the sixteenth
of April last» being seated in the
dhar-tt-hanc of the King^ on the

S3C

ANNUAL REGISTEB, 1846.

first scat to the left of His Majesty,
lie heard at a short distance the
report of two shots, the direction
of whieh he was not able to judge.
His iirst movement was to look at
the King, and then at the Queen,
and the persons of the royal family.
At that moment the Queen showed
him the wadding of a gun, which
Her Majesty had picked up between
the King and him. His Majesty
with the greatest calmness, tojd
the ]>ostilions, who appeared to
hesitate, "Go on, go on," and
shortly afterwards the royal party
re-entored the palace. The mo-
ment the King had alighted, Count
do Montalivet examined the char-
n-ham^s with the greatest care, and
perceived in the roof of the car-
riage, above the seat the King had
occupied, a certain number of holes
made by bullets or buck shot.
The wadding he had dej)osited in
the hands of M. Desaix, King's
attorney, at Fontainbleau.

M. Hebert, the Attoniey-Genc-
ral, asked M. de Montalivet if the
King had not visited Fontainbleau
in May, 1844?

M. de Montalivet replied that
His Majesty had visited Fontain-
bleau in that month.

M. Hebert next inquired if the
King was not to have gone to that
residence in November, 1845 ?

M. de Montalivet replied that
j>reparations had been made in
October for that journey, which,
howr'ver, liad not taken place. He
afterwards informed the court of
the motives tliat had induced him
to dismiss Leeomtefrom the King's
service, the principal of which was
his insolence twards his superiors,
and his overbearing tyranny to-
wards his inferiors.

Lecomtc, who had hstened with
particular attention to that part of
M. de Montalivet's deposition, re-

pelled those charges, and Mk
that if he had treated fais inte
with rigour, it was bnacse b
superiors and M. de Moqu1«:
himself had recommended kbi'.
ho severe.

M. Duvergier, the cootsel i
Lcconite, asked M. de Mqcoctr
if he knew any thing agaiast h
moral character of his client in ^
discharge of his duties.

M. de Montalivet replied tbitB>
complaint against his monfitrk
ever hecn made to him.

Goniau, the second witoess. t
piqueur^ was riding at sooefc-
tance before the royal caniig!.
when, on reaching close to tbenS
of tlic Petit Parquet, he hctrdie
report of a shot, and, tummgnnai
he saw C?aptain Brahaut, wfc«
horse had taken fright, cIomVt
him. His first thought was t^
an accident had occurred, andtlm
one of the captain's pistds hJ
gone off. He rode towards tb«
carriage, when lie heard a accooi
shot, and the Queen cried out to bin.
** Gonian, en avant ! " Thatordff
was repeated by Milet to the pos-
tilion Leeoute. Ho then gallopd
off, followed by Milet and sevenl
officers of hussars, and, having
opened the gate of the parqmU kc
posted himself witli the officer?, so
as to watch all the avenues.

M. Borel, Lieutenant of hussars,
the third witness, accompanied tbf
King in his promenade, through tbc
forest, on the 6th of April, and had
seen the individual who fired upon
His Majesty.

M. Goumay, Captain of Genda^
merie, was riding behind the King's
eaniage at the moment when Le*
comte fired upon His Majesty.
On being apprehended, Lecomte
exclaimed, " The King is not
wounded, so much the betterforhim ;
he is more fortunate than I am,**

LAW C

337

I

Milet, a piq}t4;ui\ the eiglith wit-
acss, deposed that be was riding
eh in J the royal carriage, when
^thc shots were iired, and lookhig
up he saw a man, placed on the
other side of the wall, whose heml
was covered with a Idonse, and the
lower pnrt of the face concealed hy
a handkerchief. He rode towards
the spot, stood erect on his hors^e,
arid» leaping over the wall, saw Le-
comtc on a heap of faggots, readj
to scale the wall, wlien he rushed
upon him, seized his gun, disarincil
and arrested him. Lecomte offered
no resistance, and appeared sur-
prised. Lieutenant Dcflandre
having joined him, they secured
Ilia person, and found in his pockets
a small phial, a looking-glass, and
some powder and hullets. The
lieutenant having asked one of his
gcnsd'arraeSi named Tmntmaun, if
he had not seen another individual
ninningawaY. Lecomte saidtohmi,
** You know me well ; my Dame i^
Lecomte. I am alone, I played
a dangerous game ; I bave lost
The shots were fired by me. '*

M. Deflandre, a lieutenant of
the gendamierie, who was expect-
ing the arrival of the king at tlie
Porte Doree ; saw Lecomte leap-
ing down from the wall after ho
had tired, lie rode to the gate of
the parquet f which was unfoHu-
nately locked, but ililct, Iiaviug
climbed over the wall arrested the
accused. The gate liaving been
opened, he entered tlie parquet,
followed by the Heutenant of hus-
sars. Morel, and others who assisted
in apprehending tlic assassin, M'ho
exclaimed / * 1 ani taken ; i t was I who
tired upon the King* You know me,
Jieuteuantp my name is Lecomte.'*

M. do Alonicault, Prefect of the
Department of Seine and Marne,
who was seated in the second car-
nage, deposed to a similar effect.

Vol. LXXXVIIL

M. Benyor, Colonel of the 1st
regiment of Hussars, in garrison
at FontaiuhleaUi gave an account of
a conversation he had had with Le-
comte after his arrest. Lecomte said,
that having vainly remonstrated
with the admitiistration of the civil
list, he had applied to the Iving
pe rson ally , Not oh tai ni ng re dres s ,
he had resolved to avenge himself
upon Uis Majesty. ** I have
missed him, "he said ; ** people will
blame me» hitt 1 liave as nmch
heart as tho.se who blame me."

M. Cante, the gunmaker who
sold the gim, stated that, when
Lecomte presented himself in his
establishment, lie told him he had
been appointed Keeper General of
the forcBt of Cornpiegne. It was
on the dth of May, 1844, and he
perfectly recognized the gun, which
was placed in his hands, as the one
he had sold.

Several witnesses deposed to
having seen Lecomte hanging about
the TuUeries, and afterwards loiter-
ing in the forest of Fontainbleau,

Gard» an upholsterer at Fontain-
blcau, who had served with Lecomte
ill the Chasseurs of the Royal Guard,
mentioned several acts of brutality
committed by the accused during
the campaign of 1823.

Marrier de Bois dliy ver, Legriol,
and Savoje, inspectors of iho fo-
rest» bore testimony to the zeal and
good conduct of Lecomte whilst
he served under their orders.

FaiDAY, June 5.

The prisoner being again In'ought
in, the President invited the At-
tornev-Gcneral to develop his
accusation.

M, llebert said, that his task
was easy in presence of an accused
who confessed his critne. Since
his arrest, Lecomte had 8edidou.*^ly
endeavoured to impress on the

Z

338

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

minds of the ma'^strateB tliat he
bad not been inspired by any po-
litical resentment, and the minute
investigation which had been insti-
tuted into all the circumstances of
the case had not elicited any proof
to show that the accused had been
influenced by political motives.
The Attorney-General then pro-
ceeded to contend that the crime
had been long premeditated by the
assassin. On the loth January,
1844, he had tendered his resig-
nation, which was accepted on the
26th of that month. On the 16th
February he ceased his functions ;
he sold his horse in April, and on
the 6th of May he came in from
Fontainblcau to purchase the double
barrelled gun which he had subse-
quently used for the commission of
his crime. In the evening he re-
turned to Fontainblcau, wherehis ab-
sence had not even been remarked.
Wliat was his intention in purchas-
ing that gun ? It was because he had
heard that the King was to arrive at
Fontainblcau on tlie following day,
and that he already meditated his
assassination. It is to be supposed
that no opportunity offered itself to
him to execute that resolution.
Lecomtc shortly afterwards left
Fontainblcau and took up his resi-
dence in Paris ; but in the autumn
of 1845 he again repaired to that
town, where he was seen by several
persons, because no doubt he was
informed of the King's intention to
spend a week in that royal resi-
dence. M. Ilobort maintained that
Lecomte evidently contemplated to
assassinate the King at that period,
and that no credit should be at-
tached to his allegation that the
first idea of that crime had origi-
nated in his mind two or three
months previous to its commission.
M. Ilebert then proceeded to ex-
amine the grievances of Lecomte

a^inat the mdmixiistntioBrftt
civil list, read the lettcn he U ,
written to the Constfntor d m
Forests of the Crown, tklr«
dant of the Ciril List, zvAvtk
King, and showed that the iUtmt-
nient he complained of wu ma^
imaginarj. The silence «f it
Administration, the alleged iaia
evinced by it with r^^ to tt
claims, and to the demand of ik
capitalization of his pension, ibk
he knew could not be accorded, fti
not exist on the 8th of If aj, \^
when ho purchased a gun to kid
the King. At that time he W
not even written to His Mtjesff.
M. ^ Hebert then entered into i
variety of other consideratiwf ti
demonstrate the premeditatios ii
the part of Lecomte. Reports hi
been circulated some davs preiM
to the attompt that the' King hi
been murdered. The investigation
instituted wherever those ramo«
had been current, had eonmr<
the instructing' magistratea th
they had no connection whatsoer
with the crime, and that Leeois
alone was guilty. The Attome
General then presented a requisitoi
to the Court to the efiect of d
daring Lecomte culpable of J
attempt against the King's lif
and condemning him to death.

M. Dnvergier then rose to pn
sent the defence of Lecomte. B
might, he said, confine himself t
implonngthc mercy of the Court i
his favour, but he had other con
siderations to advise. He hm
studied the character of Lecomti
in the long conference he had Ium
with him, and he rested couTince<
that, at the moment he committee
the crime, he was not in the ful
enjoyment of his ^Eiculties. 1I<
then recounted the military life o1
the accused, which must have beei
highly honourable, since he hs^

LAW C

EST&c.

3n9

en dehorn ted with tlie order of
'^tlie Legion of Honour. In the dia-
clmrge of hh dutieB, wbUst in the
L«€rvice of the civil list, ho had been
onstantly remarked for his zeal
nd good conduct. He had resigned
kiB funotiona heeause he had con-
I' 81 dered himself aggrieved. His rc-
I sentment alone had blinded him,
^ and, as ho doclared himadf, ho had
^ not been inflvienced bj bad advisers
I or accomplicCB. Leeonitc liad never
belonged to any particular political
party. The owner of the circu-
lating library which ho frequented
declared that the only journal ho
reatl was the Petite s Arches, and
the motive of hi a prt*ferenee for
that journal was, that ho expected
to iind in it a i^ituation. He saw
that, in order to obtain an honour-
able siriiation, a certain sum was
required as a aecuritji and this
had been his reason for demanding
the capitalization of hi^ pension.
M. Duvergier then undertook to
prove that Lecomte could not have
contemplated the murder of the
King as far hack as May 1844, or
October 1845; and, to subBtantiate
his opinion, he read the letters he
had written to His Majoaty since
that period, and which were fidl of
exprefisioui* of respectand atfection.
Reverting to hi« military career, he
read a number of documents de-
scribing him as a good and brave
Kioldier. The colonel of the regi-
^ntent of Chasseurs of the Royal
■ Guard, in which he bad served, had
Bftddre§Red to him (M. Duvergier)
Hm certificate highly honourable to
^hia client. At the battle of Caro-
lina, Leeomte had so diatinguifihed
himnelf, taking prisoner a superior
officer of tlic Spanish cavalry, that
having been allowed five crosBesof
the Legion of Honour for his regi-
ment, he did not hesitate to bestow
one on Leeomte. In Greece he

had similarly diBtmguishod himself.
On one occasion, the corps to whieh
he belonged having been obhgedto
retrograde, Leeomte, then aide-de-
camp of General Church, being
stationed in the rear-guard » saw a
young English officer on the point
of falling into the hands of the
Turks. He gave spur to his hurj^e,
charged the enemy, and was fortu*
nate enough to rescue the officer i
frora their hand^i. Leeomte had
fought Fereral duels, in every one
of which he had bebayed with the
greatest generosity, receiving the
fire of his opponent and discharg-
ing his pistol in the air. When in
the service of the administrntion of
the civil list, he had deported him-
self with zeal, honour, and irre-
proachable probity, according to the
statement of nil his superiors. M.
Duvergier then read a letter which.
Leeomte wrote, iu January 1835,!
to his sister, on the occasion of the
death of hia mother^ and which
breathed the utmost tenflernees for
bin jmrent. (The accuaed appenred
greatly aftccted whilst his counsel
was reading that letter.) M. Du-
vergier contended that Leeomte
was to the preaent hour fully con-
vinced of having been the victim
of an unpardonable injustice. It
wn» a real monomania, a mental
aberration, a fixed idea. Borrow-
ing an expression of Sir Robert 1
Peel, he declared Leeomte to
labour under a morbid van i ty . H e
then explained what would be th©
course pursued in England with
respect to Im client ; and stated,
that when an attempt directed
against the person of the Sovereign
was not inspired by political pas-
sious, the culprit waa only sen-
teuced to transportation. Of the
three individuiiU lately tried in
England for a similar crime, not
one ha<l been convicted of high
Z 2

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LAW CASES, &c.

341

I

I

I

wife, A very large number of
families nre placed in a state of
doubt and diflicukyi from the
alJetjed iiiicertniiity of tlio law
upon this paint, s^ucli niarriagi'S
lieliig by no nienns iinetimnion
anioug the upper, and very frequent
among the lower elasises.

John Cliftdwlck was indicted for
Imviiigf on tlie 23rd of March last,
Bt Maneheijtcr. fcloiiionsly and
unlawfidly married one Eliza Bos-
tock» his fonner wife, Ann Fisher,
being^ then and still alive. The
prisoner pleaded, ** Not Guilty."

Mr. T. Campbell Foster stated
the case. The prisoner stands
charged with having married upon
the 14t!i Sept ember J 184o, one
Ann Fisher^ and with havini^, dur-
ing the life of the said Ann Fisher,
8nbge*|uently mnrried, on the 23rd
of March in tlic present year,
another wife, one Eliza Bostock.
I will call before the jury wit-
riessea who will prove the faet of
these two marriages ; and that the
first wife, Ann Fisher, is atill alive,
Were these the only points likely
to arise in thi^ cnse, I slionld sit
down content with sintply calling
evidence to substantiate the facts
I have opened ; but I am informed
that there ia another point of con-
siderable importance which will
arise — a point whielihasnot arisen
for nearly two centuries — a point
which has Hoen conceived to be
law, bnt which I shall .submit to
]m lordship is not law. It is, 1
am told, to be argued iu defence
today, that the prisoner, when he
married his first wife, Ann Fisher,
had previonsly married — that he
was then a widower ; and that in
his fitdt marriage he had married
the sister of the first wife as
charged in the indictment. For
clearness' sake, 1 ^inll put it thus :
— ^lle marne<l some years* ngo one
Hannah Fisher, who died ; at his

second marriage, he married Ami
Fisher, the deceased wife's sister.
The third marriage {which is the
second marriage iu the indictment)
constitutes the bigamy. The case
which is to be made out on the
part of the defence to-day is tins :
— ^ Under these circumstances, I
imderstand it is to he contended
before you, tliat the first marriage
charged in the indictment was void
under a recent statute passed in
the reign of William IV, In order
to explain clearly the effect of that
statutCt I will read the binding
clause: — **That all marriageft
which shall hereafter be celebrated
between persons within the pro-
hibited degrees of consanguinity or
affinity shall he absolutely null and
void to all ijitents and purposes
whatboever.'* Now, I understand
that it is to he contended for the
defence, that this first marriage
was within the prohil«ited degrees
of affinity. It will be for ray
leamed friend to sliow that that is
so ; I shall contend it is not so.
Mark what are tlie words of this
statute ; they are simply these :
*' All marriages within the pro-
liibited degrees of affinity shall he
null and vuid," In order to make
out the ease for the defence, it is
to be assumed that this marriage
was a marriage voidable before the
statute of William IV, ; and that,
being voidable before the statute of
William IV., that statute applies,
and renders the marriage absolutely
void. Now, in order to iX'uder
marriages voidable, previous to the
statute of William IV,, it was ne-
cessary to prove they w*ere within
the prohibited degrees of affinity,
as set out in the Levitical law.
There are three ways of sli owing
that such a marriage was void t
first, by the statute law ; secondly,
by the cannon law ; and, thirdly,
by the Levitical law

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the pr.'hijiiol iiei?ree« ^f o-n-an- arjjrM.a! c»jri*vcuiiTeIv : and ^

gniuitr ..■ 'hall )■•.• ab?.>- Wighinian. J. — I shall bo verv

lately ni: happj to hear you, Mr. Foster";

but it Beema to me the point In this
case 13 very short. If jou can tell
tiie wliu are the persaiiB to whom
tills second sectioD applies, and what
are the degrees of coiiBanguinity or
affinity to vrhich it applies, it would
materially isliorten the case,

Mr. Foster. — ^I shall show your
lordsliip the point is far from
bein^ a ahort one. The case of
" Middleton tJ. Croft*' (to which I
draw your lordship's attention),
reported in 2 Atkins, has decided
that the eanons of 1603, which
adopt Archbishop Farker'a table,
passed in the siiteenth cctitury,
w hi oil is the table inserted in the
Prayer Book, are not binding upon
the laity of this country, because
they have not been sanctioned by
Parliament.

Wigbtman, J* — But I suppose
this seeoml section (5tb and 6th
William IV.) alludes to somebody
— ** All marriages celebrated be*
twcen persons within the prohibited
degrees of eondauguinity or affinity
shall be absolutely null and void/'
and so on ?

Mr. Foster, — No doubt, my lord;
but I contend

Wigbtman, J.— Where do you
siiy are the prohibited degrees ?

Mr. Foster. — The prohibited de-
grees, my lord, are set out iu the
32nd Henry III., chap. 38.

Wightniaii, J. — Let mo see that
act. If you satisfy me it does not
apply to a deceased wife's sifters,
Tcry well.

Mr. Foster.^ — 1 hope to do so,
my lord. Your lordship will find
thero are certain degrees there
called **lhe Levitical degrees,*'
without which no marriage shall
be prohibited. All marriages
within the Levitical degrees are
there expressed to be cuiitrary to
God's law. The Levitical degrees
are the test which your lordsliip

k

must take, as to the prohibited
degree of affinity.

Mr. Monk. — Your lordship will
find that these degrees are them-
selves declared by a previous
statute.

Mr. Foster. — Having uow con-
vinced your lordship there is a
point in the case of some import-
auce» and a poiut well worthy of
ctinsideration, I will endeavoui'
to go consecutively through my
argument. The d and 6 Wil-
ham IV. sets out that all degrees
within the prohibited degrees of
affinity shall be void after the pass-
ing of that statute- Therefore,
my lord, if there be any degrees
which were voidable previously to
that statute, aud this marriage is
included in those degrees, the
statute 5 and 0 William IV. ap-
plies to that class of voidable mar-
riagee, and the marriage becomes
ipso facto void. The first ques-
tion to be dctcnjiined, then, is^ — Is
this marriage within the prohibited
degrees, voidable by any means ?
There are three modes, my lord,
by which a marriage of this kind
may be agreed to be voidable.
First, it may be argued it is void-
able by the statute law of this
country ; secondly, by the canon
lawB, which, if valid, are held to
be binding ; and, thirdly, by the
Levitical degrees, which are named
mthe32ndnenry VlIL,chap. 38,
and of which your hardship must
be the expounder. I will take the
statutory law first ; and I wiU take
it in the order of time, in order to
make the argument more clear,
I will then first draw your lord-
ship's attention to the act
Henry VIII., chap. 22. That
statute was the first statute whicti
contained any list whatever of the
prohibited degrees of affinity. It
will be found in page 430 of Burti^s

LAW C A S E S, &c.

345

of the •* well understood " pro-
liibited degrees to which my
learned friend alluded. I now
drfiw your lordship's alteittion to
the ease of ** Harrison v. Bur*
well '' (Vaughaii, page 248). You
will tirid this case of Coke's men-
tioned hy Vaughan, lie alluded
to Parsons* case, and also to one
Mbxui'8 case.

A discussion liere arose as to
the manner in which the Court
coidd deal with a ease of this dc-
seriptiou. Mr. Juatice Wightmau
expressing his wiUingneas to hear
tho arguments.

Mr. Foster proceeded. — 1 was
stating then, my lord, that the
statute of 32nd Henry VIII. is
revived by the .statute of 1 Eliza-
beth, chap, 1, That statute also
reYives the 28tli Henry VIII.,
cbap, 16, which concerns only
the Bueeeasion to the throne^ and
it does not contain within it tho
prohibited degrees. The statute
28th Henry VI II. is, therefor^?,
the himling statute upon your
lordship, [ The learned counsel
read a passage from Woodiivsous
Vine nan LecturCn't to show tlie
power of tlio temporal C'ourts
to issue prol libit ion where tlie ec-
cleiniaHlical Courts sh<iwed a dis-
position to construe the Levitieal
law more largely than the com-
mon law, by the glosaes and com-
ments of the canonists and civil-
ians,] Jlr. Foster proceeded. — If
yuur lordship U satisfied upon the
point, tliat the Levitieal degrees
are those degrees which are to
govern your lord!*hi[>, I will draw
your attention to those Levitieal
degrees. The 18th chapter of
Leviticus contains those degrees.
The verse containing the binding
clause is, '* None of you sliall ap-
proach to any that is near of kin
t*» him, to nncovrr their naked-
ness; 1 am the Lord.** (v. G).

That u the general law laid
down in Leviticus ; and that
general law is subsequently ex-
pounded by examples given of
those degrees which will he admit-
ted as near of kin. In the l*)th
verse thus : " Thou shalt not un-
cover the nakedness of thy bro-
ther's wife ; it is thy brother's
nakedness.*' That Terse probibil
marriage with a brother's wife.
It is attempted bj canonists, from
that verse, to argue, that by parity
f>f reason there is an implied pro-
hibition contained in that verse to
marry a deceased wife's sister, the
relationship being the same with
the difference of sexes* To meet
that ira plied prohibit ion ^ I turn
your lordship's attention to the
18th verse of the same chapter in
Leviticus, which says, ** Neither
sbalt thou take a wife to li or sister
to vex her, to uncover her naked-
ness, beside the other In h^r life-
t im f . " T h e onl y i m pi ie a t i on tha t
can bo drawn from the verso is,
that you shall not nmrry two sis-
ters at one and the same time ;
but tlmt after the death of one
you may then eonseeutively marry
two sisters. This view of the law
is not only so laid down in Leviti-
cus, hut subsefjuently in Deutero-
nomy it is made a command, that
if a brother dies leaving no issue,
then hi« widow shall take to hus-
band the Focond hrotlier, in order
that i.'jsue may be rai.sed up to the
first brotVier, that his name be
not lost in Judah. There is, there-
fore, a direct Mosaical eomniand,
that a marriage even with a bro-
ther's widow is not unlawful.
Upon the marriage with a brother's
widow rests entirely the implied
jirohibition in this case ; and» if
that is not unlawful, marriage with
ft deceased wife's sister is not un-
lawful. In Deuteronomy xxv. 5,
the same view is cnrried out ; so

346 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

in tbc Ist chapter of Ruth ; and
the same law is repeated under the
new Gospel dispensation. In Mat-
thew xxii. 24. an instance is gpren
of a wife having married seven
brother? oonsecutivelv : and the
question is put to our Saviour
whose wife she ^hall be. Accord-
ing, then, ti> this exposition of the
Leritical law, this marriage is
cloarlv valid. I do not think my
loarnod friend has it in his power,
from any verse other than those I
have read, to answer this part of the
fa?o. Aironling to the Leritical
law. there is no express prohibition
of marria!<:o with a deceased wife's
sister. There is an express pro-
hibition uf marriage with the wife
of u deceased brother, upon which
the canonists have attempted to
found the objection, bv parity of
reason, that a marriage with a
deceased wife's sister is in valid.
I now call your lordship's attention
ti> the state of the canon law upon
that sultjeot. [The learned coun-
sel here r«»feiTiMl the learned
judrXo to the lV»th canon, which
prolubited this marriage.' Then
(ho continued) I call attention
to the case of ** Middleton r.
('rv»ft/* - Atkins^ Bep. It ap-
peared in that case the question
aro-io whether, by virtue of the
canons of \(i*^'j. lay persons are
punishable by ecclesiastical cen-
sures : and I^ord Ilardwieke de-
livered a very celebrated judgment,
part of wliieb I will read — " The
authority whereby these canons
were made is well known to have
been by the bishops and clerg}-,
in convocation convened by the
King's writ, allowed to treat of
anil make canons by tho Royal
licence, and afterwanls confirnuHl
by the King under the great .-eal ;
but the defect objectrd to them is,
that they never were eontirmed by
Parliameut, aud for this reason ;

though thej bind the eiff|! i

this reahn, ret theTeuKrtcai

the laitj. lliis ia'aqoeftiRi

Tery extensive leamiiig uA gts

consequence, upon wlueh tkm i

some appearance of wietjiiit I

law hooks, notwithstandiB; «ii '

I always understood, till iti

disputed in this cause, ^ ^

law, in later times, hsi been »

versa]] J taken to be. that de

canons of 1603 did not iHsd k

laitv for want of a Parlitmectsy

confinuation. Upon the beit (•

sideration wo have I»een abku

give it, wc are all of opinion tbc

the canons of 1603, not Itm

been confirmed bj the PsrliamcaL

do not propria vipore bind t^-

laity ; I saj proprio rtooff- -

Page 653.

Wigbtnian, J. — ^Binding ^rtfni
riffore f

Mr. Foster. — Yes, mj lord. Si^
sequently, it is acknowledged tbe»
canons maj bo binding, as contaii-
ing within themselves canons wfaidi
were previously biuding. and *f
which those canons of 1603 mereh
became declarator}-. That thro«
us back to the earlier canons, to
see if they arc binding. Now. I
shall submit to your lordship thit
there is no canon in the Charrh
previously to the canons of 16'.»3
{ which gave authority to Archbishop
Parker's table, issued without an-
thority), which renders this mar-
riage voidable. If tlie marriage be
not voidable by these canons, the
statute of William IV. does not
apply to render the marriage void.
I refer your lordship to two of the
canons,which will bo found in .

Wightman. J — Thiscanon ((»9th)
is the only one to be relied upon i

Mr. Foster. — It is the only one.
There do not appear, any where,
canons that were of authority in
the Church, rendering this marriage
Toidablcy previously to that (

LAW C A S E S, &c.

347

I

the eontrarj, there are cations
Whicli show that no such prohibi-
terj law existed in the Church pre-
viouslj to the table of Arclilishop
Farker^s, which table h acknow-
ledged ill the canons of 1603 ; but
those canons are not held binding
on the Iftitj.

Wightman, J.^Not propria vL
§QT€. 1 do not thin kyyu need to trou-
We yourself by referring to former
canon:*, because the question will
turn upon this. It ia said this
canon does not bind p^'oprio vi-
gore ; but the question is, whether
these are the prohibited degrees tn
which the statute 5 and G William
IV. refers i

Mr, Foster.— If the laitj arc
only bound by the statute hiw, I
Bubuiit there is no statute referring
to this subject save the 32nd Henry
VIII,, chap. 38. That statute is
now in force and valid. Unless
this marriage be within the statute
32nd rienry^ Vlll., ami be declared
voidable by that stfttutc, it is not
rendered void by the statute of
William IV. The 32nd Henry
VII L says, that all marriages which
be not within the Levitical degrees
shall be lawful ; and no marriage
without them shah be concluded to
be contrary to God's law. I will
now draw your lordship^s attention
to the statute the 1st Mary, session
2, ehap. L That statute is not
ftlluded to in t!ie decision in " Hill

Good,** which is the only deci-

tion of a court of law adverse to

ij ftrgutnent on this question. I

submit to your Wdship, that

Indecision in that case was founded

mistake. It was founded partly
upon the statute law, and partly
upon the canon law. The canon
laWt proprio intjore^ is not binding
ypufi the laity ; and the statute
itst Mary, session 2, chap. I, was
mentioned neither in the arguments
nor in the judguieut in '* Hill r»

Good." This statute, Ist Mary,
expressly declares the mamage in
question, by implicatioo, to be a
valid marriage. The decision ial
'* Hill t^ Good '* was, thereforej
founded on mistake, and your lord-
ship 19 not bound by it. The lat
Mary was passed for the purpo»0|
of rendering legitimate Queen
Mary, upon her accession to the
til rone. It tenus the marriage of
Henry VIIL and Queen Catherine
of Arragon ** a lawful marriage."
That marriage, your lordship re-
members, was a marriage with a
deceased brother *s widow — the
marriage forbidden in the Levitical
degrees, and the marriage upon
which, by implication, depends the
prohibition of mamage with a de-
e eased wife's sister. If, therefore,
there is a vahd statute In force and
existing, declaring a marriage with
a deceased brother's widow bind-
ing ; jf your lordship finds that the
Queen sat upon the throne under
that statute, and that under it laws
were made which now affect our
properties ; 1 apprehend your lord-
ship will hold that legislative de-
claration of what arc the prohibited
degrees to be valid. This statute
takes marriages with a deceased
brother's widow out of the prohi-
bited degree, and upon that, as I
have said^ depends, by implication,
the present case*

Wightmau, J. — It raises this in-
ference, that but for thi.'j statute
the marriage would be bad. The
act wa.s passed to make it good.

Mr. Foster. — True, my lonl, but
it ^

Wiglitman, J. — It is a strong
circumstance.

Mr. Foster jjroceeded to read
passages from this act, some of
which were very curious ; and, in
coiitinuntiun (»f his argument, he
ref<'rri'd the learned Judge to the
case of *' Hill t^ Harrifl," reported

3*8 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

in Sclkcjd. &Zid referred ic* in
Bom's •• Eeoe*L**Titki Llw." p,
^•01. ia whk-L iLe cc-im of Iaw j»ro-
hi'-iied the sinuate of ibe Ewle-

Thv C>ur: a^aln iii^rrcpted the
ar^nieij: of c-juns-el. d'>nt«Tiug ibe
propriviT of CLtvrtaiiiiiiZ & qiSi-riir'S
of -Ufii a liaioTv L*: a xiia] of iliis
ki:.d.

Mr. Mouk Wrzed i.- s^v. ihjii
lio did li.'t arfeai :v :Lc }'rv»jKi?:;;^ta
of hi* It-arL-s-d fiiead a? tv :1jv re-
j-'ai of ii.K- ^:a:u:e -J* Uvunr VIII.
n^- ^u^::iill•.-d. cviindejiiiT. liiai
.siaiuie Wis jiUl ia €-rl?ivnct : aad.
that 4:a:u:c l-.irij in erl?it:-:^ce,
there w.is a Ic^isiaiiv..- OYiosliion
I'f wiiat wrro ih-> prv'.iixtt^i -it?-
L:ro<-* •.■: :!.• Lvviii^al law If ij^
i'.-.!.. Ilv- :v VIII. Tier. rvj^.aleJ
I'V :ho .I-lJ ll-ji.rv VIII.. irjv
.'.I J li 1 II c n r V ^' II I . \»\. i r»- ^^f ^I txi in
i:* i;:.-::: a:, i i:.c r-pval ..•:' :La:
ivr:.v-^i..:v!v m -rkv i .i r^-vLJ-:]?;^
..f :'.. i;.-:C]i^-rv VIII. I: w^^.

ti;.- -j-iii iirilrv viiLi:-: ^:.i/il

hi- l-...r:ivlfr:vr. 11. :;■■::.: :'.^z. i — a
r •. -V r. ai; : ! :i .' ii :. 1 a r •. - : .i : v ni ■; :i : . :' : h e
jiTi..!. ;:.::■■! 'i-j.-v -"S w'..:-.!: w^rv i-ic-
\ '. J >!v c. :i:»'!iT'.i i:i :'i,\- i"::i IIvLry
VK!.'; ^■, tl..\:. f.r t:...- J .:?T.^v; Ci
Iii' l-.'r».l-;fi:| 's d-.. :*:■■:: :».'-.v. i: wj?
v.L.-!!v :•;-.•. ;a!»T:..! wli..:h..r tI;-:-l'":h
ir.::rV VIII. u.,-^ rwa^d or n-:.

or ikt'i, Ut iLr jadisact: o: '.:
^■£»iin. I sLalZ r:T"t- hit TQir^rc
tLai Le 15 ri-»T rnliTj : tii ■»:-:

lir. i..ak.^3dc.L0ii>!'ii-r.r
lord.

T L t f ■. .1] V . vin^ » j»«-lil Tt :i:: *".-
iLt-n ifiicii and rec-Lsraed: "T:-
JnrjLTr. A:-i-.. d-j sar. iLit 01 i
i -a iji ^ -f S ej.i em Ui-r. "a . i- . 1 S*. v.-

SAld JtlDi-* C L&dw5i.JL ^ai- ILi.Tr.
Ill' i«I2tr -A-Iili;.- JTis^vT. *'''ll:iT-T. ►

lilt- ecdj-'i^iiTv &iid J^i:•l^b cLiL-i: ":
xLe j.&ni of 3iauchc<i^r. b -■
OL'imiy of LintAsivr. wi^irlx'-
^-"=' ^•'^* and cert*ii:oa:-> I'f '■-

E --^ :.I:*h i^ (.- V ;;t ^.1, J ^3j,7 -V^j^. ;^5.:r.

*^**- '-'='» liiat 15 iv Sir. "niLv---

, aaiL-j- CLadwi,.k irij manicl i:

^ *^ - -i- - =- :^r. ii: iL i- e 0 ua i t ,■.:' Lii-
ea?:-.r. :... k-ih- Eli^a Bo^ic-ck. =t :-
i u-r. a Of :rd ; n ^^ ro 1 L e n : t f ai - c-

^Lv, :Lv >^:d Ar.:- Fi^L^:. :- 1

arvTvsi:«.. nr-.ri xLclr \:ia:L. j is.*-
:hcr fiv. :La: ::.o 5i:d Aaii Fijlr:.
:.' w- -1 :>.,: i^f.j J^^-.^.i 1 h:id»Ki
^as sj 3:^rr:^-J. a* af.ri:?:i:.i. ■:

■I ^ir.:c-i:ibc

.'CT.

^:j:vr of oiio H-li:^'
K-:n 2awful!v n.ir-

!^^■^v:::

'-tr-

iZ

\[

>fr. M'..-:k ih.-:i r-.Ti-'d au-i e-jii-
-ulivd Mr. Lu.-.i! K. ::*-.. 0:i LU

fitiirn

Til-; Ioj.rr;v.i Jiiajv ?a! 1 : *• Mv
hroihi/r livif-.- a.T'.-L-j »Iih :iiv, :!:;.:
tho be^t t 'i:"v.- [ • •".' I ir-'.ivd ...ri
tliis wcasion ^"uld bo tV-r :■;-:■ Jury J^uwi «.'ha«lwiok
to nn<I a
Htat«- i)f the

l.liadT.-ivk had

t[A 0:1 iho Jr:h of Juno.'l-JA
ar..; ivIixL aaM Iiann-L Fi?;itr •I1'-
jari.d :h:* lif.^ bvf:ro the -aid i:?;]-
wh.a :bv *,i:d J^iii^,»s Ch.2.Ki'k
wa> li.arii^-l ::■ die said Ann FiMJ.r
a? arV'rosaid : bi:t ^^hothor or nvi.
uj- n il:o w'.iolo niatct-r. s.. a.s af-rv'-
*aid, bv luo JxiTt'Ts af^in??aid. ia
f..'r::i at* rt<a:J found, thi]" >aiJ
::uilrv of tbi^

•ipcoiai vord'o:. The iVi>i:v and I*:: :im_v within sfKviti».Nh

fnK^is ii verv sriij.;.: i: tho Jiir r< afjro/aid aro altoffether

JM to find th.? mairlai:.: c.rA t;io i-aorant. aa.i iheretoro 1 he v pray

ifoiiHaiiguiiiity ^ptviallv. rvf.rrin^. tho clkU'w^ of the Cniirt of our said

hi the ordinary teinu vf a ^J>t.'viaI Lady tho Queen, Jco.*'

LAW CASES, &c;

349

Mr. Monk praye^l tlie Court to
order tho prisoner to l>e dis-
charged. Tlie prisoner bore a good
character, atid had taken some pre-
cautions previous to his marriage
^rith Ann Fisher. Having heard
some doubts expressed a a to the
legahtj of that ma rr la go, he waited
upon a clergjraan, to whom lie
stated his doubts, and from that
gentleman he obtained a statement
most positively asserting that the
marriage was utterly duM and void,
lie therefore contracted a subse-
qncnt marriage* under the impres-
eion that he could not longer re-
main wit!i Ann Fisher. He there-
fore separated from her, andvolun-
tariljr appeared in court to abide
the issue of this trial.

Wi((htman, J. ordered tlio
special verdict, and the judgment
of the Court, quod eat ahit! dk\ to
be recorded.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS,

February 15.

(Effort Mr, Jitttice Wi^htman.)

Bkeacii or P[iO.MiME OF Maukiage,

Mahy Elizabeth Smith v. Wash-

IXGTON, Earl Feruers.

Tlu3 remarkable case, as extra-
ordinary as any that has ever conio
before a legal tribunal, occupied
the Court four days. It is impo&-
sible to give more than its outline,
and such a sketcli will eonvej a
very faint idea of the romantic in-
ventions 1jy which the plaintiff, the
step -daughter of a gentleman of
moderate circumstances, sought to
eytiibliah her moral claim to the
hand and dignities of the possessor
of one of the oldest peerages in
England ; nor of the minute and
circumstantial discrepancies by
which tho impoaition wa« detected,

The Solicitor-Generfll, Mr. M.

Chambers, Mr. Robinson j and Mrij
Symons, conducted the case of the ^
plaintilT; and the Attorney-Gen-
eral, Mr, Crowder, Mr, Ilumfrey,
and Mr. Bars tow, that of the de-
fendant.

From tlie opening of the plead-
ings it appeared that tire plaintitT
was Misa Mary Elizabeth Smith,
and the defendant was Washington,
Earl Ferrers. The action was
brought to recover compensation in
damages for a breach of promise of
marriage, and it was alleged that
since the promise the defendant
had married one Isabella Chiches-
ter, To this the defendant had
pleaded that be had not made any
such promise, and that, if he bad,
he was under age at the time
he had made it. The plaintiff
replied to this plea that the promise
had been leuewed since the de-
fendant had come of age.

The Solieitor-Genernh Kaid it
was hardly uecessary'to tell the jury
that the cane involved all that was
dear in life to tlic plaintitf: it was
a case to lierof the deepest interest
and importance ; and he was sure
that, when be asked for theiriuost
mixious attention to the details he
should place before them, he should
not make sueh solieitiUion in vain.
The plaintiff, Mis.sMary Elizabetli
Smith, wa.'^ a young lady who liad
at this time only ju.st attained her
21st year, though it was at the
early age of 16 or 17 that she had
first become acquainted with the
defendant. Earl Ferrers was a
nobleman of very ancient family,
having vast landed possessions in
the counties of Leicester and Staf-
ford, He was himself young, hav-
ing only attained 21 early in the
year 1843. His grandfather bad
died in October 1842. The father
of the present earl never became a
peer, as ho died many years before

hii

Bf AM, bef«r» tke 4Mitk ff

I innifiilkcr, wm fhooA nwler

F iftre «f • ftvtkmi to War-

^9, «Bd Be eootiwMil

till IMO, wIm bv vtiil Abn>«il.
^iiar«iMiMil|iMf«tiU]S42. Mift*
Smith, tH4> jfjtmg Udjr wlia ftfi-
peftrM M TiliiititHr in thif cam, vu
tbn >t4*p<liiuj(liter of Mr* Smtlli«

whn r*'rid#Hl ait Austrej, III WsT^
V ; he w &» a gntliOlsii of

I. ^ M ier Aod figpeelftbiljlT ;

hv huti mairied the roatber of uie
lilajriiitr Mr, and Urn, Smttii
and the tiVmlifT resid'^cl At Aimtrej
dtinnjt tne whole timo thai the de>
fendiint, «ii l/ord T*tnworth, anil
nftorwiHH Kfifl Fcrrert, Vired in
Ibnt lUTighbourhood. As long ago
Ai 1 839, thin young \tkdy had at-
troctod ih«^ attinitlon of Lord Fer-
rcm, Thtjy o«cajiioiially tpoke to
each rjthrr, anil thin kind of coca-
Nional eoTtvc^nitition ciirjtinacd till
Ih" tifrjc that Earl Forrcrw wont
nhrciAd. Mijin Smith WiiM a Yuuni;^
lady of j^reiil ]K!rM>nal attra^-'tions,
and nHu ongftg<Ml the ntU'ctionsi of
Karl Fphtt*, wIjc* had madci to hor
ihn moui iMn»qiiivot'al [irfimi»t?s of
marritt^n, A young wunmn ho
muc4i iiiffTitir in life had. [ifrlmf)'*.
ton I'Dfttlily hnit htTBi'lf to ]m at*
tpntionn, and nho had bt-t'omo itvot^t
•im^orrly attachi^d to hitu, Tbi»4
AttAf^htnonl, w1iit«h ho would ho[io
wai iitK'rn* (in butli ;iulcfit, coin-
menot^d lu^foro tho doff'tidant wont
nhroadt and bo (ir»'vaib>J ofKUi her
111 [diHl^o to bin) hor inviolably
afftn'tiun. Tbi* mri of intci
brtwiH'n thoHO twu yonnj
u Vmd e^i^ted for
Uu^ nail* of Mr,
^hnMib. who upokc to thi
uiiuu the Mubjeolt
II thu aiicatiui

betveea Arn^ mi ibe
wet ti«d to lake f bee mi • air«
tmn isj, end tktt iffciiliai U
flOQghl efer^ offpurtmiity ef cue*
tinnitig to Vind the afi^ctioiii of
IfiM StQttli, which lie hi4 alrBedy
jfatned- He lired at sc>me di^taoeo
from Atistrey. btit he freqneiitly
went over ihere^ end he eonlianid
to give MtsR Soiith ererj i
of his attoehmont, and in ihei
part of 1844 it wa« agreed
the union shoold take place In the
month of May, but it wa* aft«r-J
wnrdM postponrd till Jtilj or Au-
gust. Every preparation waa I
made, the dres»efl were prepared, '
the bridecake wafi ordered, an4
everything was done that waa
Uf^iinl un such oceajJons, and it wa«
only at the end of July that thiji
unhappy young lady was apprised
of the fact that the defendant |
could not marry hor, by reading in
the newgpnpera tbo marriage of I
Earl Ferrers to Miss Chichester.
From the coTrespoiidonce they
would bo able to anpreoiate her
feelings, and would sympathize
with this yoimqf Udy, whose hopes
were f 1 by the con*

-duet oi T With re- '

' ' ' ttUJ .■uiinin.-n'.i'.jf ii.Ti, that

'■jj^lthir, i-.M- r^^ ' - T'. he
■{ of

tii^^^^^pmpd of paper, and

CASES. &c.

S81

I

11

eometimeg in a hand scarcely
► legible and tlie letters were much
crossed ; they would find the let-
ters he should put lu evidence
were of this character. The
learned gentleman then read a
aeries of letters signed ** Wash-

iington Ferrer&Z' ** W. Ferrers/*
••Ferrers," and addressed to Miss
gmitU: they commenced •* Dearest
}(ary/* ** My own Love/' ** Mary,
dearest and ever heloved/* ** Mary,
my own that la to be." It Is im-
possible to convey by description
any idea of these letters — they
hreathed the most devoted, the
most r Oman tie affection, and were
filled with the kindest solicitude,
and ardent anticipations of future
happiness :— they^ nioreov*?r, con-
tained allnsionJi to the domestic
circumstances of Earl Ferrers 's
family — the kindness of his cousin
Evelyn, the ill health of his sister,
his shame and repentance at hav-
ing lost 3,000^ at play, his love of
his brother Devereux — they drew
a picture of a young man of high
family and great fortune, of c on-
side rahlc powers of mind, looking
forward with all the ardour of
youth to hta union with the object
nf all his tltoughts and wishes.

The Solicitor-General proceeded:
There had been an allusion to Earl
Ferrers having lost 3*000/,, and he
had mentioned that the young lady
was not dressed as suited his taste ;
hut as he stated he was rather in want
of money, he desired her to purchase
some articles, and to consider them
as presents from him. She had
accordingly done so, and expected
that he would furnish her with the
money to pay fur them. The
money, however, was not forth-
coming. Unhappily, from a sense
of shame, she did not like to tell
^ her parents that ber wealthy lover
H had not money at the moment to

pay for the articles which she wai
wearing. Some persons, from
whom she had purchased goods to
the amount of 100?., pressed for
payment. She had written to Earl
Ferrers, and ho had desired her to
calm her fears as to the bills, as he
would come down and settle them.
He, however, did not come down,
and the result was that she was
tormented by persons who had
claims against her. At length,
however, she was compelled to tel!
the whole truth to her fatlier, and
to say I have bought a number of
things ; they are presents from
Lord Ferrers, and he Is to furnish
the money. Her father was e%-
tremely angry when he found that,
instead of coming forward properly J
as a nobloman ought, he had neg-
lected to send the money. The d«-
fcndant was therefore written to,
and he had sent this answer,

" Tuesday, Ashley.

** Sir, — It is my will and wish
instantly to pay for all at Tam-
worth as soon as may be. This
much I say* and feel very grieved
that any such indiscretion of mine
should have caused vexation to
Mary.

" Allow me to remain truly
yonrs. •* Ferrers. '

•* N. Sinilb. E«q."

Earl Ferrers did not Hcnd the
money, and, the p£^ople being
pressing in their demands, the
money was obliged to be borrowed
to pay their bills* He would now
state something connected with
these bills, which he could not look
upon but with great regret, but it
would ill become Earl Ferrers, who
had led her into the scrape, to
make it a matter of reproach
against her. It turned out that a
Mrs. Wyraan had supplied Miss
Smith with a bonnet, which had
not been included in the list of bills

352 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

which had been m&de out. \Mien
this bill came in. her father was ill
in bed, and he had spoken to Miss
Smith in terms of great irritation,
and she was indaced, in conse-
quence, to denj that she had erer
ordered the bi^nnet, for she was
afraid at the time to tell her father.
He must admit that she had de-
ceiTed her parents in a moment of
terror, and he must leave it to his
learned friend to make the most of
it.

The Solicitor-General then read
letters from his lordship, contain-
ing anxious excuses for his negli-
gence, promises to come down and
settle everr thing, and carry awaj
his bride as became his rank.
Doubts and suspicions arose in the
minds of the parents of the young
lady, when they fouud the defend-
ant postponing the marriage ; but
other letters followed to his in-
tended bride, in which she was led
to expect his instant appearance :
but he never came, and shortly
afterwards the announcement in
the newspapers of his lordship's
marriage with Miss Chichester,
opened the eyes of the young lady
and her friends to the cruel de-
ceptions which had been practised
upon her feelings, and they resolved
to seek reparation for their wrongs
at the hands of a jury. lie had
now stated all he knew of the mat-
ter, lie should prove by the
letters declarations of unchanged
attachment, and the only remaining
question for them to determine
would be the amount of damages
they should give. There were the
most positive proofs of the promise ;
but he would venture to express
liis regret that anv nobleman
•lioiild ha^e 'ed to

rcc «^ nii-

I upon
^. He 8
iisyoaDg

^ticc
tehl

from them all aUnsioD to what he
miderstood was to be the moetei-*
traordinary defence that he had
ever met with, in or out of a coort
of justice. Thej who had hetrd
but a small part of the nmneroos
letters which had been written
would participate in his astonish-
ment, when he told them that the
defence waa, that Eari Ferrers
never spoke to this jonng ladj in
his life, and that all these letters
were one tissue of for^gery and
fabrication from he^inning to end-
All he could saj was, that if it
should turn out to he so, it would
surpass anything among^ the pos-
sibilities of human life, that a
young girl should have made such
a claim upon a joimg nobleman,
and carry it out in such a manner
which would have puzzled the most
skilful and experienced imitator of
handwriting. He could imagine,
that if any one was wicked or bdd
enough to determine to commit a
forgery of a promise of marriage,
to extort money by means of con-
spiracy and forgery — ho could
imagine that such a person might
forge a few lines or a signature to
support a promise of marriage ; but
for a young lady to sit down and
forge a mass of paper, such as he
held in his hand, appeared to him
incomprehensible and not to be
credited. That, however, he un-
derstood to be the defence. He
should call before them many wit-
nesses who would fully prove the
handwriting of the defendant, and
depose to personal interviews be-
tween the plaintiff and his lordship.
The Solicitor-General then pro-
ceeded to call his witnesses. The
Rev. Mr. Arden, chaplain and tutor
to Earl Ferrers, swore positively
that the writing was his lordship's :
upon cross-examination, however,
the witness made admissions

LAW CASES. &c.

353

which Djateriallj shook the value
of his testimoiij*

A variety of other witnesses ^
servants, and others, gave ^eoeral
evidence as to the handwriting of
tlio lottera, and to meetings be-
tween the plaintiff and defendant,
auggesting intimacy and affection,

Mr. Smith, father of the plain titf,
s&id, that in 1839, being infonned
of hi ft daughter's aennainlanee
with Earl Ferrers* he disapproved
of it, and sent her to London to
school ; hut that in 1843, having
further communication, he allowed
the affair to proceed. Earl Ferrers
visited his daughter at his house,
hut he never ^aw him, beiug con-
fined to his bed. Saw Earl Fer-
rers* letters in his daughter's
hands. At length wrote to his
lordshtp, and received a letter in
reply, fixing the marriage. His
daughter showed him the answer
to his own letter. Made every pre-
paration for the raarriage of his
daughter ivith Earl Ferrers, pur-
chased dresses, and procured the
bridecake. After that, it was an-
nuunced in the public papers that
Earl Ferrers was married to an-
other lady, and that was the first
he knew of it. Up to that time,
every preparation had been made
by them ; his daughter was very
much nbockcd indeed. Saw hooks
and dresses in his daughter*s pos-
session ; she said Earl Ferrers had
told her to purchase them, and. if
she did not pay for them, he would.
Witness denied that the letters
shown him were in his daughter's
handwriting.

Mrs. Mary Ann Sniitli. — I am
the mother of the plaintiff; sent
my daughter to London when she
was about fifteen ; she was absent
a year and a quarter. I had heard
of Earl Ferrers having paid my
daughter attention » and it was

Vol. LXXXVIIL

partly in consequence of that that
she was sent to London. When
his lordship returned from abroad,
he took an opportunity of seeing
her, and she then told me of the
interview. I saw this letter (No, L)
in the beginning of the year 1844.
My daughter showed it to me the
day »l)e received it. 1 saw the
other letters about the time they
bore date. The handkerchiefs
which my daughter sent to Lord
Ferrers were marked w^ith her hair.
1 folded them np myself, and put
them in the envelopes. Ther^ were
letters sent with them. They were
directed to ** The Right Hon. Earl
Ferrers, Clmrtley Castle, Stafford-
shire." I sealed the envelopes, and
gave them to John Lees to jjost.
Earl Ferrers wished my daughter
to go to Wales, and I was to ac-
company her, I went to Stafi*ord
for the purpose of meeting Lord
Ferrers, hut I did not see him there,
and we returned homo on tlie fol-
lowing day. Preparations bad been
made in the family for the mar-
riage, and every thing was ready.
The dresses were ordered from
Mrs. Lees, of Appleby. The bride*
cakes were in the house. Two of
the plaiotiff*s cousins were se-
lected as bridesmaids. I had never
spoken to Lord Ferrers in the whole
course of my life. All the pre-
parations for the marriage were
made although I had never seen
his lordship, but in accordance with
the wishes eipressed in Lord Fer-
rers' letters. My daiigliter told
mo that Earl Fcners did not think
sutEcient cake had been ordered,
and in consequence I ordered
others. Her father sub sen bed to
a book aociety, and not a circu-
lating library. My daughter is
tall, has dark hair, is neitlior fair
nor dark. She ivas between four-
teen and fifteen when she first
2 A

3»ft AKNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Ejc^ F«T€rS^ H*

were aijc tdaio. rjssntt ^^rans
Mr. Zssh^caij. iaieroir« w*

FKcarz if Ldci T-tmn <
WL c: TitXL'vinz. I

Mr. XerZefu I w^a^ w Mks
3^««tIIi»~» n^HXL w A^ ifi-v^ tfe »-
ttMA»£ ii» c^sf ^s* lA^. I ai5skc

I <a:i.'i sal 'vit*pd/i3' kt ^u,^»«r
site ^li aric >itssiT«i7 »t libu be

tkse. Mr <te«^ier Lw uii aae

c&erx. aai b>^w4«. I i^ked her
vker« s£ie £•:« ti:<wr. &ai ^2:^ tc*!

Fecnsrs. Tie drvtsses wer^, »:^ae
wSlk. sccae aiTisIin, *ad •:•£ <.<h^ de-
•eriro:*5. TLtt wrrv- r-i^ee* to
W =L^« mp. Tb-r jevell-err ctn-
sbced *c bir»x<i*s ^lA rin^. I
■eT^r kae«r vhien? tarT c&ate froca
«Kul •Wv> or iLnee si-.xiuis *««•,
'vitrc. the t-uk tor iLem cizrie in.
Tlb*T «dki&« frvd Ji5^?f«it tri^k^
se& ic Tamworth. The l^ills cuxse
m to me, miA I f^d them. Mj
dui^ier to4d n^e $he «rjk$ to onier
tkem. hat EaH Ferrers wa^ to p*T
fur theoL I hc4Tv^wed part of the
■MoeT to paj for them. Thej
perkapi5 amoonted to 1».4. MV
danchter fare the hiUs to Earl
Ferrers^ and he prvxmised to paj
Mt daughter afternrds
M the letter \A\. She
tM Me that F ^ pot that

»kr A^hv.

dM kf m pixK

li to pi tt ^-

lito Uted

Loi^iaM, h«t that, it
■iot to kna to do it, he wished
her to pwkftse ose, aad to td
herpapAaad mamma that he hU
antt it. Mt dlaagiuer alterwvdi
toU Be that she refbaed, onka
Mr. ]>eT«ma Sluriej vould vnie
a Boce to sigiizfy that the hoonet
h^ come from Ixmdon ; and I be-
Bered. vhen I aav the note and
the boBBet. that it hod come from
Loodoo. Mr. Shirlej gmwe nj
daazhter the note to iocloae in
thebox. She also told me Mr.
IXererefu Shirlej had giren her
the Boce at Ashhr, and it was pot
into the hox after it eame into oar
hoase. I think it was in April
1S44 that Earl Ferrers wished as
to meet him in Wale«. We were
to s'cy to the hotel at Bangor. We
west as far as Stafford, which is
thirtT miles from Anstrer. We
stopped at Stafford hecause it was
night, and. as the Earl did not
meet ns there, we retomed home.
We remained at Stafford hat one
night. Mt daughter did not know
the reason the earl did not meet
OS at Stafford.

Ann Smith. — I am the sister of
the plaintiff. I rememher Lord
Ferrers when he was at Mr. £tch-
erleT*s. I often saw him, and at
chorx^h too. Upon one oceasioo,
mT sister was in our drawing-room,
and I was told not to go in. This
was in 1S43, in the spring. After
that 1 was passing along a walk in
the front of the drawing-room win-
dow, and looked in as 1 went along.
Lord Ferrers was leaning against

b

tbe chimney -piece. I am lure it
was he, lor 1 stopped looking in
for five minutes. There was no
one else in the room at tlie time at
first, but I saw ray sister come in»
and then I went away. On another
day after that, when I went into
the room — this was on the 9fh of
December, 1843 — I rememher it
because it was A us trey wake —
Lord Ferrers was in the room*
playing on the pianoforte. I had
gone in to t<ill my siaters ahont the
wake cakes. My sister plays tlie
pianoforte. Lord Ferrers rose ou
my entrance. My sister came out,
and, having takeu some cakes and
wine, took some more into the
room to Lord Ferrers, I was
afterwards tidd that if i went in
again I should be whipped. I was
thirteen in November last. My
papa, mamma, sister, hrotbcr, my-
self, and another sister, were in
the house. There was a sen-ant
or two also in the house. This was
when I was told hy my mamma that
I must not to into tbe drawing-
room, hut lliat I might go into tlie
garden, She did not, however, tell
me, wheik I was in the garden, to
go and look in at the window.
When my mamma told me that 1
was not to go into the drawing-
room, she did not tell me why. hut
I guessed, as 1 had found out. I
afterwards saw that Lord Ferrers
was there. When I looked in at
the window, 1 peeped in at the
corner, I did not stand and have
a good full look in.

Witnesises were then called who
proved the posting of tbe letters
written by Miss Smith to Earl
Ferrers.

The Attorney- General addressed
the Jury for the defendant, saying
that it was the most extraordinary
case that had occurred during his
professional experience. He agreed

with his learned friend, the Soli-
citor-Genera!, that there were eon-
fiei|uenees involved in this inquiry
immeasurably beyond any thing of
a pecuniary nature. He admitted
that they could not decide this case
against the plaintiff without dis-
missing her from the Court with
disgrace and iiilimiy j hut was there
nothing to he considered on the
other side, with regard to the posi-
tion of the defendant, if a verdict
should be adverse to him ? He
might make some excuse, he might
have some eharitahle indulgence
for a vaiu, nn imaginative, a love-
sick girl, who, dreaming of an
nifection which did not exist, at
last endeavoured to turn that dream
into reality, and, making the firat
false step by fabricating that which
appeared to he a declaration of at-
tachment, was led on from step to
stejj, from falsehood to falsehood,
until it was impossible to extricate
hersidf from the dilemma in which
she was placed. But what should
he said for the defendant ? — sup-
posing a young nobleman should
have engaged the affections of a
girh and f^bouhl afterwards have
positively denied his attachment to
her, broken his promise, nnd used
those very acts which had gained
her affection as the means by which
he was to foKteu upon her the
odious crime of frajid and forgery ?
This was tlie painful alternative to
which they were reduced in the
question which tliey had to decide*
The contest between them was a
fenrful one : hut he could not agree
with the Solicitor- General that they
were fighting with unequal wea-
pons. He acknowledged that rank
and fortune were on the side of the
defendant, but he had yet to learn
that any advantage was derived
from those circumstances within the
walls of a court of justice. He was
2 A 2

4

I
4

4

- i^JIiTER. 1&46.

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uhf'i'iN'V 'J •"'-" '"■- • ■ - 'J * ^-Ti ti^j-Fjir r: -.1-^ Aorl.-a, w far
f|,i. fr.o;t -i*;:..— J,-' v.-i-::..-^ L* Lri ?f-:T^-r* iii kr.owa anv
N.iir. >!' "•)"■ ■■^■- ■- '-• ^ "--^ '^'•^ — ^ -f it:** Sn::l. The Soii-
fri III* n ty ' I'rii ; v; - :. • , A^ Lt- r^rir-'jf-Trr:^ Lii eiyr^**^ fci*
UHliMif fhiffi w.'ii ij'-: 10 ?l:.:i .j-i t: r:-rrfi -•Iai ar.r -;:Ivi:iaa should
•iM.MHfH thfi* lh«*~ *»«d w^-L tr-v Ltre TCI ?i::h i irrVrv* Br^'DiLt-
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,1, rtiiMx- tir ^* for pjeAd£-d rf«aiss«- x«- plaimirf wa*

LAW CASES, &c.

357

I

til en driycii to state that a promise
liml been made subscqueotly to his
coniiiig of ftge ; but even tlien,
Lord Ferrers was not much more
enlightened upon the sulyect. He
was at a loas to discover how it
€Ould be alleged that he had ever
ieen the plaintiff after his return
from abroad, and it was not till
June 184^.5 that any further in-
formation was obtained. There was
a course of proceeding, by which,
when a party was about to produce
written documents, he might call
upon the other party to admit
those documents. These letters
had ^ been pro<iuced ; but, as the
attorney was told ho was not at
liberty to read the contents, an
applietUion was made to allow a
complete inspect ion of the letters,
but, this being objected to» the
matter ended. They had heard
the application wbicli he had made
in court, and his learned friends
had objected to allow an inspection
of the letters. The plaintiff had a
great advantage in this respect ;
she had an opportnnity of selecting
the letters, and she had an oppor-
timity of seleettng the witnesses.
8he was not compelled to call those
persons who woald have expressed a
disbelief as to tbe handwriting. On
the part of the defendant, if the
case was a false and fraud nlent
one, he had no such advantage ;
he came completely in the dark»
without baring the dawning of the
light, and it was by the gradual
opening of the perfect day only in
the progress of the case that he
acquired that information, which
was derived from the evidence, and
lie could then but learn whether
the story was so false and fraudu-
lent that he might he enabled to
detect and expose it. He bad ap-
peared in Court under these eir-
cumstances* It bad occurred to the

defendant's adviser that one test
of detecting the fraud would be by
the poet-marks of the letters, be-
cause they might have shown that
Lord Ferrers waa at the time in a
di.'itant part of the country ; hut it
had been now stated that all these
letters had been delivered by pri-
vate hand, generally by Joseph
Atkins, a confidential servant of
Lord Ferrers, sometimes by James,
a servant of Lord Ferrers ; but it
was said thai one had been de-
livered by the wife of Joseph
Atkins, lie might at once tell
them that the whole of this was an
entire fabrication and falseh(tod ;
that Joseph Atkins had never re-
ceived any letters from Lord
Ferrers, addressc^l to Miss Smith,
ami had never delivered any such
letters to her, and the same an-
swer would he given both as re-
garded *' James" and Mrs, Atkins.
Thoy had, therefore, the means
at once uf proving in this most
important part of the case, that
the representation of the plaintiff
was a pure fabrication, that no
such letters bad ever been deli-
vered to her by any or either of
the parties named. They then
thought it possible that there
might be something in the letters
by which they might be able to
prove their falsehood ^ but his
learned friend,, the Solicitor-
General, had opened the ca?e
with that ingenuity for which he
was so distinguished, and, having
ascertained that these letters wcro
full of pure tictifuvs, had endea-
voured to avert the consequences
of such a disclosure by this solu-
tion— ^liis lc*arned friend bad said
that Lord Ferrers was a young
nobleman so totally regartUesa of
Ilia word, that he never spoke
truth in bis hfe ; that he would,
therefore, be found to allude to

358 ANNUAL

GISTER. 1846.

I

perions and tbiogs which had
never eiisted except in his own
fertile imagination ; and his learned
friend had thus endeavoured to
preot'cupj the ground upon which
thfs adviBers of Lord Ferrers had
hoped to establish bis innocence,
lie would now pass to the im-
portant period to which their
attention must chiefly be directed
in the course of this most anxious
case. In January 1843 Lord
Ferrers came of age; the story of
the plaintiff was, thnt after that
period he was in the habit of
meeting the plaintiff at Austrey.
and even under her father's roof-
that he wrote letter after letter to
her — that he received letters from
her breathing the most ardent
affection — that he fijtcd the day
on which he would unite himself
to her^ — and that she was led on by
those false hopes until they were
all broken and annihilated by the
intelligence she received of his
marriage to another. Now the
first thing that struck him (the
Attorney-General), in this stage of
the history of this very extrao-
dinary conduct, imputed to Lord
Ferrers » was, that when he came
of age he had no one to control his
actions; be was supposed to have
entertained the most ardent affec-
tion for the plaintiff ; she wns
his inferior in rank ; but upon
what possible ground could they
imagine that every thing should
have been conducted in J^o myste-
rious a mode, and that neither her
father nor her mutlier, from be-
ginning to end, silt (II Id have had
the slightest cnnu^^ation with
Lord Ferrers f J^^^t^} ^^^^^*
upon the ver^^^^^Hlb vio-
lating his pb
should have
A letter eontai
prom ISO of mi

of the plainti^ hod been dM
yeslerdaj. With regard to iIm
evideDce of that child » it was ill
roost painfuJ of all coQsid«ratiw
that that little girl hod \m
hroug^ht forward to tell a iWy
which was otterlj without fona^
tion ID truth, and which he«
but deeply lament ; wid,
called their attention to the oifl
he had of disproving her
ment, thej would come to tke
same coqcIusiod.

The A ttomej- General thcnr^
ferred to the evidence of Am
Smith, When they had a relatiim '
of this kind, without any dat«, it
was impossible to meet it by coo-
tradietions ; but ther happen*^,
most fortunately and most pron-
dentially, to have the relation id
another interview on the 9th D«^
cember, 184r3. 8 he then ftpol«
of Lord Ferrers being in the drsw-
ing-room playing tho piano. Sk
could not be mistnaken as to the
date, because it waa Aufefrry
Wake. Now on that very dsj
Lord Ferrers, accompanied br bi*
sister* Mrs. Hanburj Tracey, left
Cbartley Castle, and posted a dis-
tance of 58 miles to luncheon on
the road to Welsbfiool, and (*n-
tirely in an opposit4? direction to
Austrey : and, as good fortuoo
would have it, they had the bitti
for the horses on the road. What,
then, would they think of the
mother, who must have known
that this was false, who would
produce her own child of that
tender age to perjure herself to
support this false story, without
regard to the consequences here
or hereafter * Then as resfanled
the letters. Lord Ferrers had re-
ceived an excellent t^dueation,
having been under divers tutors^
and spent two years at Eton,
Three witnesses hud bet»n ealled *

LAW CASES, &c.

359

to speak to tbe baDdwritiagiri ibe
let tors, but be must submit that
twu of tbem must be entirely (lis-
niisaed from the case a a utterly
unwortby of one moment's consi-
deratlou. He also conteuded tbiit
the witne08e» who had been called
to speak to tlie liaiidwritrng of
Lord Ferrers to the letter, were
either nnworthv of credit, or had
no real knowledge upon thesubjeet»
notwithstanding the high respecta-
bility of some of those witnesses.
They bad then arrived at the con-
clusion tbftt the letters were t»ot
in the handwriting of Lord Ferrers;
but still they were desirous of
being conducted to a right issue,
and to discover whose letters they
really were. The learned counsel
then stated that he should be
enabled to sJiow, that from the
internal evidence of the letters, it
f was clear tht-y were a fabrication,
^B because persons were named in
^P them who had no existence, and
others were described in them who
were of a totally different cha-
racter to that by \ifhicb the letters
assailed them. Mr, Devereux
8hirley, it had been said, had met
Miss Smith at Tamworth about
the bonnet; he should show that
that gentleman joined his regiment
in Scotland iu 1843, and had
never been absent from it, and
that he had never in bis life
.seen or written to Miss Smith,
and yet some hitters had been in-
troduced as having been written
by Mr. Devereui Shirley to Miss
Smith, speaking of the wedding,
saying bow happy it would make

■ them, but that bis brother was
too ill to write. These letter*?
commenced with, *' My dear
Mary," and ended with, '* Love
t*» you from your trui* friend,
DcvereuJt Shirley/' They atso
stated that hiB brother (Lord

Ferrers) was delirious, but when-
ever sensible or awake he spoke
of " Mary.*' The learned counsel
then adverted to the facts spoken
of by Mrs. Smith, as to the simi-
larity of the writing in the letters
purporting to have come from
Lord Ferrers with the writing
of Miss Smith. He had now
come to the third volume, and
must, ahuost reluctantly, let them
into the secret, and tell them the
whole affair. After Lord Fencers*
return from abroad, he received a
variety of anonymous letters, evi-
dently the production of a lady^
all in the same handwriting, full
of the most ardent affection. lie
was not aware who his fair cor-
respondent could he. He threw
many of them behind the fire, but
when it became important to
search for any that might have
escaped destruction, only four
ec^uld bo discovered ; but those
four were not without their va-
lue. The first he would read w^as
dated the 19th of December,
1842:—

" Dee. ID, 184Z
" My Lord, — Strange it may
eeem to you, no doubt, to receive
a note from a stranger, and a lady
too, but it Biguifies little to me,
as I know well jou never knew the
writer of this, nor never see her.
Now for what I have to tell you ;
it is this : — There is a public bail
at Tamworth every Christmas, ge-
nerally about the 6th or 8th of
January, Go, I advise you go ;
there will, to my knowledge, be a
young lady at the ball whom I
wish you to see and dance with.
She is very beautiful, has dark
hair and eyes — in short, she is
haughty and graceful as a
Spaniard, tall and majestic as
a Circassian, beautiful as an
Italian ; I can iay no more. You

300

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1816.

Imvo only to soo her to love her —
that Yoii must do. She is fit for
the hriilo of a prince. Go, look
well round the room. You will
find her hy this description. She
may wear one white rose in her
dark hair. Go early. If you see
hor not there you will never see
her, a8 she is like a violet, hid
amid^t many leaves, only to be
found when sought for. I know
she is younjj, and it is my wish
that she should have some one to

{mUeet her. From what 1 have
leanl you must he that one — you
and you alone ; it is your destiny
— therefore |jo at all risks ; you
will then be of aj^e, with nothing
to pnnent you. 1 simietime knew
your father. Hy the time you re-
ivive this I shall be on my way
to — , far away. 1 have put
this in the Derby post-office.
Burn it when riMul — show it to no
one. Kivp yi»ur own counsel, my
Uml. and deem yo\irself happy in
the idi»a of knowing one so ta-
lented, beautiful, and young ; ask
her to tlanee with you — fear not.
And now 1 have fultilltHl my mis-
sion, and shall rest in peace, more
l^aeeful though did 1 know that
you would meet this bright young
girl. If you. like other men, love
beauty, you will love her.

** Adieu, burn this, and re-
member she is my legacy to you.
You have hurt your hand, 1 hear;
I am sorrv. — Farewell for ever.

- ISA.

•» Tho Ri^ht Hon. Earl Ferrvrs."
lV|d thev mulerstand the case
muv i llad he (the Attorney-
General) kept his faith with them;
had he riHii^miMl the pledge lio
nuule in the opening of this case,
that, however dark and mysterious
it nught appear, he would disperse
all the shadows. Iler mother had
spoken as to the white rose io the

hair to be worn at tlie UL Be
had admitted that letters were r^
ceived bj Lord Ferrers, directed
to him. Had thej the sfigktes
doubt that this girl, dcKiTiie
some, assisted bj othefs, W
been contriving', from the beeii-
ning to the end, a scene of tk
grossest and most scaodaloiis ini-
quity, and that, hot for aecideatil
circumstances, Ltord Ferrers would
have fallen a victim to the nara
with which he appeared to be ea-
compassed — bis character blasted,
his reputation gone, and, whit
would have been of trifling im-
portance, bis wealth injur^ by
this attempt ?

The Attorney-General then read
other letters, signed ** Marie*' and
'* A. B.,** of a similar nature, io
one of which a handkerchief had
been inclosed.

After this the case was prored
to the very letter. Let them now
ask themselves, seeing that Lord
Ferrers could not have written the
letters, who was the person who
wrote them — forged and fabricated
them for the purpose of making
him responsible. The likeness of
the letters to Miss Smith's hand-
writing had been already proved
by the mother. Would they now
require distinct proof of the hand-
writing? Would not the vari-
ous incidents confirm the opinion
that they were Miss Smith's own
letters ? Would they hesitate to
arrive at that conclusion? He
said they were written by Miss
Smith herself, under circum-
stances which showed the danger
of once deviating from the paths
of truth. Ilaving flattered herself
that she had warmed the heart of
Lord Ferrers, turning her day
dreams into reality, inventing the
notion that he was attached to her,
being led step by step to support

LAW C A S E S, &c.

sei

lier in fail) J, to weave thftt mtricftte
web in which, l>ut for the moat
cxtraonlinary firctimstajR-cs, Lord
Ferrers imist Imve been ejitanglcd.
He trusted hi' Imd protected the
interests confided to him — thnt ho
bad shown tbfit the residt of this
painful am! ftnxlous inquiry could
not nttach the slightest blame
upon Lonl Ferrers ; and, if the
eiiuscquenoea wouH bo ao serious to
the plaintltf as his learned friend
hftd stated, be coiikl only say wby
did she not think before she took
that first fatal step into error ?
why did she not anticipate into
wliat a mass of falsehood ebe
might be drawn ? If serious coti-

PBequences attached, they were con-
Betjuences which she bad brought
U]»^n herself, lie almost pitied
her ; but in a court of justice he
dared not.

tThe anonymous letters were
then put in, and by eon sent were
taken as basing been read,
Mr. Evelyn Philip 8birley ex-
amined.— I am cousin of the
defendant. 1 was bis guardian.
1 was in the habit of receiving
letters from him ; many of them
were signed ** Washy/' his nick-
name. iSince be came to the title
be bas always signed ** Ferrers/^
He has never signed himself
** Washington Ferrers/* 1 have
often received letters from Lord
Ferrers. I have brought about GO
to-day. They are not any of them
on scraps of paper. I am married
and havr' two children — one, one
year and a half; and the other,
about ejjc months old. My
daughter, of course, is not mar-
ried. I do not know a person of
the name of Walker, and I have
no daughter married to such a
person. Lord Ferrers is certainly
not a gambler. 1 was one of the
late EarFs executors. The con-

servatory was erected at Stain ton.

An ugly affair it was, and cost
1,500?. It was t4) bo sold, but
the defendant took it at a valua-
tion for 400L The purchase was
made shortly after the late EarFs
death. Lord Ferrers always spent
bis holidays with us^ and was witb
us tbc 6th of January, 1813, when
he came of age. fic then spoke
of an anonymous letter he had re-
ceived, 1 did not see it. I never
introduced Lord Ferrers to Lord
i'live. The description given of
his lord ship in that letter is not
at all like him. Lord Ferrers has
been at Effington since be came
of age. I do not recollect Lord
Ferrers buying a carpet of Oliver
Cromweiri^, nor did 1 step in and
ask him what he, a bachelor, could
want witli »uch a thing. I never
knew of Sir Terence Volney, of
Berksbire. This is all fiction. lam
guardian to Devcreux Shirley,
There is no such person as Dr.
Macpberson who has attended my
family. I cannot say that Lord
FerrerB spells correctly, but bo
writes grammatically. These letters
are not in the handwriting «>f Lord
Ferrers, which are signed *' Waj^b-
ington Ferrers.** They arc de-
cided forgeries,

Mrs. 11 anbury Tracy. — I am
sister to Lord Ferrers— bis only
sister. We are upon very affec*
tionate terms. I have been in the
habit of writing and receiving let-
ters from him. lie always signed
** Ferrers.*' I never received a
letter signed '* Washington Fer-
rers.** I have been often to Chart*
ley Castle, and have been much in
Wales. I never was at Brighton till
August 184.5. Mr and Mrs. C.
IL Tracey live at Brighton. That
lady is rkot in good health. I have
v*ity good health, and have never
been otherwise. My brother never

AXXUAL KEGISTER, 181ft

^

k

Tbe viitnf is w«
a M ika hb. I nnenbs UhI
m left dmrOBf on tlie Mi «l
Dtnoiber, eooii after lirfakfent,
TbB Etrl fteoomiMiiied ni. TUa
wHoau then weol <hi to eofrob^-
rate ^ itatement of Mn. Trmcej,
btii he wai, he said, anaUe to sat
thai Lb lordship had hreakfasted
with them on that moming. Fram
Churtley to Welshpool U about
fiftv-oif^ht miles.

Walter M^Loughlin, clerk to
Mr. Mivftrt, who kWpjj an hotel in
Brook Street. — ^1 know wlio come
tn iho hfjtol I do not know Lord
Ferrrrn, Ilia lordfihiji norer
itifppiul ot thni iiutoL

t'ro»».iMiimiF»fMl.— I keop the
linokFi of tli*^ iiofoL It u
lurgo liot«'l» wilh sevt^rrtl em
Wo enn neeommotliito 2V
U\ Uic l»ut<4. I tlo iifit
hvktr* uvcr M*«»ii Lord
TImm*»» rtn* Roinotiint'is

I Hittuj ^ontloi
"'* wlnm\ I <io
>t»Kx %Shirl

1B43. Ii

I BEw aav^ Wr to mj kwvla^
la r^knmrj l&4^ I ilid nol

SMdk, DOT 4aii I viile to
bK. 1 kad ncpvier aea kr •! ail
I «M aot at Br%lbl4Mi la 1843 «r
IS44. I liava tteri? bteo it
I iierer ooii2d lirairb
mj EfcL I aboitM noi be akle Ca
ifccidi tfe ^' naked ^(MUefs tf
tkne Saaldi Uusa." I aia not
wHIi Lord Claade Ba<
He aerer «»Udl for nir
al mj hroAcT'o roooia, I oefcr
WTole tkete two letten*, I D^ter
wrote aaj letter ia my lift to Miss
Saiftk. I merer met Misa Suiiih
at Aahkj m Joae lg44. I oem
bad anjr eonrcrsetkia with her n-
•peetlag a honaet, nor did I give
her a note written hy m rself to be
put into a honnet^box. I nercr
receired an J letter from mybrothor
signed ** Wajihington Ferren.'*
In A letter, purporting to come
from me, I am repre«ented to Hare
sent a ring from mj brother to
Mis5 Smil]b. I neTer aent wny
Buch riDg. I nOTer saw this riiif
before. 1 did not see my brother
between March 1843 and March
IS45. These letters (those put
in by the plaintiff) are not in my

L m^

LAW CASES, &c.

363

^

not seen Miss Smitli even with in
tlic last few dajs.

Francis Jcaaop. — ^1 am an at-
torn ej at Yarmouth. I was con-
cerned for the late Lord Ferrers .
I WK^ attorney for the gjuardians
of the present Enrl» but not for
the Earl himself* I have hecomc
acquainted with the handwriting of
the present Earl.

The Solicitor-Goneral then rose,
and said — I have to solicit your
lordship 'a attention for one mo-
ment. Owing to my unavoidahle
absence from this Court, it w*as
not until In.Ht niglit that I could he
made at all acrjuainted with the
contents *>f four of these letters =*«,
which I untierstand have heen laid
before thh Court in evidence, by
my learned friend the Attorney*
General. a» counsel for the defend-
ant. It was not until thin morn-
ing, and since your lord&hip has
taken your seat in this Court, that
I have had an opportunity of see-
ing those letter a themselves* They
have come entirely by surprise
upon me ; they have come by like
surprise upon the respectable gcn-
tlenmn* Mr. Ilnmmilh who sits
below me, the attorney for the
plaintiff in this cause, whose well-
known honour and integrity were
never more amply evinced than
they have been throughout the
conduct and preparation for trial
of this most singular and com-

* The Solicit or- General referred to
four letters purporting to be writtcti by
Mr. Devereux Shirley, and pepudintcd
by him. They prvtendeti to hv written
from the bedside of the carl, who was
sajd to be dftiigerously ill at Chart] ey
Castle, and narmte his wild effusion? of
affection while delirioiifl, and his jpradual
recovery. By the evidence, it wa* quite
clear thai the earl had not been ill, and
Ibal his brother, the pretended writer,
wa>* at the time with hb regiment in
Scotland »

plicated case. My lord, I may
not unreasonably suppose that
they have come also by surprise
upon the members of the family
of this young lady, as I under-
stand, that so far from any sus-
picion being entertained that any
letters of such a character in the
plaintiff's handwriting were in ex-
istence, they have been made evi-
dence in this court by the testimony
of her own mother. My lord,
under these circumstances, I have
felt it my duty^ in the first place,
to confer anxiously and seriously
with Atr llammill, the attorney,
whoso assistauce I hare had in
preparing the cause for trial, and
with my learned friends beside and
belli nd me, whose assistance I have
had throughout the trial, and the
result is, that as there could be
no time while this trial was going
on to institute any inquiry or to
ascertain any facts tending to
throw light upon this the most
mysterious part of this most mys-
terious case, I have felt it my
duty, in concurrence with the opi-
nion of my learned friends^ — I have
felt it due to myself— I have felt
it due to the young lady I repre-
sent—I bate felt it due to the
interests of truth and jtistice, be-
ing unable, at the present moment,
to meet or explain, or inquire into
the facts of these letters, to with-
draw from the present contest.
Under these circumstances the
plaintitF will be nonsuited,

THE YARMOUTU MURDER.

Norttirh, Friday, March t27.

Samuel Yarham, aged twenty-
nine, was placed at the bar, and
pleaded "Nut guilty'* in a firm
voice and unembarrassed air to an

n

4

<

S64 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

jiniirmMTK cimiriiir iiiiE "WTsh ihe
wilfu' muTDcr uf Burrirt Candier,
■: TannoinL. vth "liit- i^ih of
5nvciiii»er. ^ N*-±. I't infiirtmir di-
vo mmii: iiiow^ an his- heAiA.
WTSL b iifflninn»r. and imtinir her

Mr I'ltimer and Mr. O^Maliev
wert fomiMil f(fr tbt- profH^ciiticm ;
Mr. I>ii»em defL*iid«d ibt praoner.

]* l»eixir aiiiioniK*ed 'diAt iiii£
€XiraiirdiiUkrT raM;, auant vluch
tbf- irbiue conntrr luid Itf-^n for
marr TDdirthf aritLxed from eod to
end. irituic in ikk^oi liik iDdmini:,
tbt CTtnm Conn and aH xhe
arpDTH*E> ieadinr to h and tbe
CfiniiTT dmn reD«raIlT were
tbjfijT Tiirrv*i»ir<^ irjtii njen, vobd«i.
mud riiidivn, aTi ttarer u* bear the
tviail and i:* wiLD€«f ibc* <'X}iMn<iid
f»«E"rirri.*L :»f coie wbicn i1k*t t*De
and ftj] mrn^T lielierfd tc> bare
Wen miiiJT, if uoi f-stirelT, ccm-
c«ented in iLe atrcK'kint iniirdw in
^Desrvrm. As^ fhe €*TJienc«r gi^eo
«B tLt tria] -irLf <kf rreat It-nrth
azkd irrrJTAfT. h vH] W il-.c^* ii*.e-
fbl i-c» pre a mLmtiTe cf thr -rir-
mmi-Ta^^?* arirndini: ibe murder.
aad ->f ibe trial and &rqnittal of
live «wTpci5€*i ccrdererf, and to
add ibvre^> ib-e eiiraordinair evi-
dent^ ▼tk'b led imnaeiiatelT to
the C'.*ETiftk*n tf the man now
iadi«^ The nnfvnunate de^
eeas^ ^.•efcpied the k»wer jiart of
a fa*>use in Yannoath. the nrsidac
and upper floors of whk-h were
tenanted bv an attomej named
Catehpole. the prisoner's w^'
his senrant. and the p'
lowed, as her husband,
the premises, where he
his trade of a shoemak
her penurious habits M
was generaDj known \
•eased of money, and p<
knowledge was shared 1
soner, who, as she so^

and Kilnreo. irBft, a« wdl as ^
wife. B fre^quem Timuw in her skf .
IWiiiind her skiftp wm« a parioor.
and tlien a It^rocim, which opeiKd
on X(i a jvrdL dhideid from die jird
of Mr. 'CfiXe^jK^e hj a iow wall,
there l»€!xn£r a kigiier oister viS
wlii^ f amiieid the line of the ad-
jmmng —row,'' or street. Tha
l»ein£: tbe simataon of the praaisies
and of these persoBa, it aeems tint
Mtr. Caxfedkr rerared a pared
from Xorwirli noft lofng before her
mm-der. whk:^ ecnrtmined a large
Slim of m<jDey. This £Kt was
known u* boaxit persons, and to
one friend she stated her inteotioD
of pajinr it over to some gentle-
man at Beodes. This design sbe
nerer lired to earnr into executioB.
for tbe poBee* on coin^ their
ronnds at two o^doekT disIcoTered
tiiat her street door wms open, and
hehind tbe eonnter tkej found tbe
dead l^odj of the poor old woman,
cnwrbed tmder the place wbere
the tin ought to hare been. On
her bead were sereral fnghtfiil
wc»nnds. which appeared to have
been infiieted br some instrument
like a hammer, whDe her throat
was cut in a manner quite suffi-
cient to cause death. Underneath
her bodj was a half-ounce paper
of tobacco, which indicated that
the murderer had distracted her
attention in all probability bj pre-
tending to buT that article, and
had given the first blow while she
was in the act of senring him. A
farther search led to the discoTerr
'^ a candle on a tub, which ap-
•red to bare been *• nipped"
hj the fingers, and the till,
di stood in a comer against
drawers. On the table was
half - finished supper of die
Bed, and her bc-il presented
ipearanee as if some one had
wn on the end of it. There

being BO immediftte clue to tbc
niurclercr, the police made a noise
with tbeir truncheons, but with-
out effect* and it was not till the
BUperUitencletit came and rting Mr.
Crttehpole's boll with grctil violence
that QiiY nottec wa*? ttiken of them
by any one in the bouse or neigh-
boiirhooil ; as soon^ however, as
the bell rang* Yarbum put his head
out of the window of bis bedroom,
where hia wife was lyin|? sick,
leochea having been appUcd to her
head on that night, and on in<|iiir'
ing what was the matter was in-
formed^ and asked to eonie down.
He then called hh niaater, and
they both went down Btairs, and
learned all the police knew. In
answer to several questions put to
him by the police aud Mr. Latch-
pole, Yarham, who bad s^at up for
bis master, and had let him in at
hidf'paat one o'clock, stoutly in-
Bistod that he bad not heard any
noise during the night, though the
partition between the paasago
which separated the shop and the
room in which she sat was very
thin indeed ; ^o much »o, that his
wife said she bad heurd a convcr*
sation between lier husband and
Mrs. Candler on that very night
about nine o'clock, when ho had
gone to buy some rusbli|fhts.
Though no syspieion alighted at
first on any particular individual,
yet the observation of all Yar-
mouth was on the qui vlve^ and
the anxiety of the town was shared
by the wife and daughter of an
old artillery man named Dick,
who was stationed at one of the
batteries on the '* Denes,** a largo
sandy tract stretching out to the
sea and the mouth of the Yar from
the town. It being well known
that thieves were in the habit of
secreting stolen property in the
sandhills which abound on this

plain, the attention of Mrs, and

Miss Dick was keenly excited on
the day after the murder, as they
were going homewards, and they
on their way noted a bill which
had recently l>een disturbed, and
was approached and surrounded
by the foot - prints of two men.
On looking down, Mrs^ Dick saw
a piece of string sticking up
through the sand, and pulling at
it she discovered three bags, wliicb
on being examined were found to
contain gold, hilver, and eojiper
money to some little extent, and
no doubt formed part of the ** old
woman*9 money,' for one of the
bags bore an address to her, and
was afterwards identilied as one
which had recently been despatched
to her, ^vith canary seed, from
Norwich- AVbile Mrs. Dick and
her daughter were so engaged,
Mr. Dick, Mr. Tooley, a miller,
and ft man named Royal, came up.
Without going more minutely into
the circumstances of that inter-
view, or those which afterwards
came to the knowledge of the au-
thorities, it nmy suttice to state
that they were deemed sufficient
to warrant the arrest of Yarham
and tbe man Royal, together with
two others named Ma pes and IfaU.
These parties were at! brought up
frequently before tbe Mayor on
the charge of murder, and the
Dicks were most proniinent wit-
nesses, their testimony going to
identify the foot- prints on the
sands with those of two of them.
Eventually the four men were all
comn[iitte<l for trial, and just before
tbe spring assizes for 1 84.i it was
announced that Yarbnm had made
a statement which inipbented t\w
other three men, and that he would
be allowed to give evidence agaiust
them. This he accordingly did,
denying all participation in the

ike iMomimg 4aj be
lo Y«wp«lii

Hii MtMtiMi ai Tar-
ireo fnm
Milfie «Am tbui ad Xonridu
Tbe police were freyMnlly eeOed
out to proteet him, and at laai be
applied to tbe Poor Law Guardiaiis
for funds to &ci])tate his departure
frDm a »cetie so oppressire to bun.
This aid bt? applied for on tbe
18tb of April, tbe trial bai
terminated on the 9tb,
tbe 22nd he received
wbicb he departed. In
three months aft^r this a
nication was made to
Love, the siiperioleni
borough police, to tl
Kra. I>lck was in

full confeBsion

ainoe the trial

: Add, tbe inattcf

ft waa deecoed

thm oomsnsDiGI

Tb« fiesuk

apprebendi

fuDjr

trial /or tbe j

Bic^, the wife

K^ of tbe Town Battenr.-

ibie mmwhMg of Tae»daj, Sg%

IMu lS44, r went Ut

At bAlf'paM ti

to Mr. S

lej\ aad mm returmng

aaid ta mj daugbten wba waa l

se^ " Let na aee. tbe beja fa

Mng bet*/*

fm my band tber^, and thi^re i

feUowed tbe feel

Etde fitftber, wbea tbe feet stoppi

I aaM *' Tbere is aenetbtoj^ be

perbape it ia tbe 4

wmmm\ mmtj.'' I went doi

OB mj knees and began to po

tbe aaad awaj, and I foood a b

d wbicb jtaked as thou|

coppers in lu M

Toalej^s roen came oTcr from tbf

mj baaband also came u

I was lar horn tbe battery. Roy

eave ep last. My husbaod pulli

thm bag oat of the hole, and s«

it was tbe womaii's money, becaui

tbe ticket was on it. Royal s4

there ought to he mo*^ yet, a|

be put his ha&d in and pulled oi

a small hag with &ome gold ai

sUrerp and he wanted to count i

My fa unhand said it should not I

ted ; my husband said 1

all ; btit Hojal wo^

We all then went :

together, and ga(

the battery |
r I came t||
eaxne up ^

LAW CASES, &c.

367

»
N

mnd was at the place wbere I found
the money ; he was poking at the
hole. Ho walked up to nie and
began to talk to mo ; he had dark
trousers and a blue coat button eel
up to hi 3 neck, and a high hat^
and I did not know him then, but
have since ascertained it was the
prisoner. The man said, ** It is
cold here, atid you need Imve a
good fire/* I said, '* I would keep
better if I could afford it.'* Ue
Baid, "Your name is Dick?'* I
said, **Ye8/' He said, ** You
found the money?*' I said, ** 1
did,** He said, " AH you have to
do now is to find tke murderer.'*
I said, ** I wished to God I could ;
I would walk twenty miles to find
it out, tliough I was lame/* lie
then said (moving his foot)^ ** 1
am the murderer/* 1 said, ** If
you are the murderer you would
not tell me ; what is your name V
Ho said, "You know me/* I
said, ** I do not/' He says,
** Yes, you do/* I said, ** If he
"Would tell me I would tell the
gentlemen/* He said, " You know
me/* He then walked away as
far as the Iiole, then turned round
and looked at me again, then pro-
ceeded towards tlie town, I told
the flavor what had passed, and
t!ie Mayor 8aid it was only some
person tampering with justice.
I said, ** 1 should like to see Yar-
ham,** He said, ** It could not
be him/* I was afterwards ex-
amined before the magistrates,
and wlien the other persons were
examined I looked at the dock,
when before the magistrates, and
thought 1 knew him, hnt could
not recollect who it was. There
was a young man in the battery
at the time the man spoke to me,
and he told me the man's name
was Yarham, and that was why I
asked to see hini. After the trial,

I and my husband went home by
the train, when we saw Yarham
and his wife, IJe tried to shake
hands with my husband, but he
refused. 1 said, ** Good God, if
that be Yarham, that is the man
that spoke to me/' After I got
in the carriage, Yarham 's wife
asked me if 1 thought the people
in Yarmouth would think she was
the guilty party if they stopped
or left Yannouth ? I said, *' God
knows, you know yuur conscience
best.** When the prisoner first
came up to the railway station,
he said to my bushand, " Don't
you know me ? I am Yarham,
but call me Mr. C.,** and offered
to shake hands. When we were
going along, Yarham said, ** Mrs.
Dick, say as little about the money
as possible, for my solicitor told
me that the prisoner's solicitor
wanted to fetch me in the murder,
and you as the person that helped
me to hide it/' I said, " Dick,
do you hear what Yarham says?**
and my husband came up, and the
prisoner told him the same thing.
On getting to Yannouth, the pri-
soner said, ** Dick, if I sec any
thing in the paper that would
affect you or your wife's character,
I will let you know." My hus-
band said, *' Don't come to me. I
don't want you, I take in the
paper. I saw him again on the
top of the market on a Tuesday,
either a fortnight or three weeks
after, it was between nine and ten
o*cloek. Ue came up to me and
said, *' How do you do ?** I said,
*' I don't know you" (I didn't for
a moment). He said, ** Do any
of these three fellows interfere
with you ?** I said they did not
interfere with roe so mncb as they
did with the girl, 1 said, **Do
they interfere with you?'* He
said, ** No, they know better, but

f868 ANNUAL REGISTER,

*

I

¥

the people pla^e mo so much
that I cannot Btnj here ; l hare
been to the workhouBO to get
money to go awaj with." I aaid,
** I think you ought to have spoken
the truth at first, and things would
have gone better. I think you
are cither the murderer yourself,
or know who did it.** I tliought
I had no right to say so, and I
turned to leave him. II o said.
•' Stop, and I will tell you nil
aWut it." I stopped, and be said
he was not so much to blame as
tbey were, for they never let him
rest after they hearfl that Mrs,
Candler had got the money. He
aaid he heard Mr. Catch pole waa
going about amougst the Angels.
I said. '* Where is the house?'*
he said, tlu* Aoi^el lun. He aaid,
they came to him and asked him
to let them iu. Ue made a bar-
gain with them not to hurt the
old woman, for they had time
enough to get the money in the
time she was getting the beer, aa
she was generally a quarter of an
hour gone. He let thi^m in at the
back door, except Royal, who
watched about the time she went
for the beer. He told ihem to go
into the bedroom, for that was
where she kept the money.
While they were there the woman
came in sooner than usual. He
was up stairs, and, on hearing
Candler come in, he put
candle and sat on the bed.
went in. She said, ** Mi
you here ? 1 know you/*
asked for half an ounce of
and the time she waa gel
Royal and Hall knocMJ"
with the pinceri ^
she was dead,
woman on i
Itrcet, and si
lie asked if
the Swan

go and see who la there.'* Sk§
eaid there were sc^veral peopk
there. Thej all th*^n went tf
Black Swan-row, and saw mtmal
people there ; one of tlieni wu i
young mao who they tbirafltt
must know them. Mapea ihv^
ran home to the Feathora* U{k
As ho wa^ gt>in^ aloa^ the Mir-
ket-gatea he saw a peraoo nim«
light on him, who afterw&nis ap
p eared to be Lajton, He the»
ran home, telJing the others to
bury the money and to gire biia
the signal when it waa done, as
his house would be Bure to 1m>
searched UrAt. When he w«Bt
home he saw the woman lying in
the shop. She turned her cyei
on him, and, seeing- a lard knife
lying by her, he took it and cut
her throat. I said, *' Vou are
the murderer/' Prisoner said,
'' No, she could not hVe, she hid
been beaten so much by Royal
and Hall.*' Royal did giTc tlie
signal, and he opened the window
and saw Royal go down the street,
and the policeman Waller romiog
down the other. There was a
man came up then and hit him
on the shoulder, and said, ** Ar^
you going ?'* and they holh went
awaj together.

Crosa-examineil. — I went about
my buainess, and made my pur-
chases, and went home. I did not
' * a policeman till it
i to the magistrates;
time after. 1 can*
^^^:i long it was after.

^^^■^a tliroe montlis be-
^^^^^BQtie>d it. I was at
^^^Hp ' lie; Yarham

^^^ best of wy

^^^^^B to girt

LAW CASES, &c.

369

I

stootl with his back to the eliops.
Several perBOns passed backwards
and forwards, Tbo pavoment is
five or bix feet wide* I did not
take notice of the nimiber of peo-
ple tliat passed, 1 tbo^ij2jl)t it was
very strange tliat be sbooUl tell inc.
I did not write it down» because I
canJiot write. I am not much nc-
ciistomed to tell long conversation a.
I paid attention to it because be
told me, that 's all. I tliougbt it
was a thing thnt ought to he
mentioned, hut my husband told
me not to say any thing about it:
he would not even allow me to
tell him. It w^aa ni j duty to men-
tion it ; I ought to have done it.
I never saw the man before or
since who took ynrham away, I
may have spoken to my huBband
about it. He read over tire report
of the trial, but I was busy and
did not mind linn. I heard a word
liere and there. I had to work for
my family. I saw Yarham at the
old gaol halL I asked the mayor
to see Yarham, that I might gee
him, because T wanted to see if
it was him. I thought it was not
right to give the man in ehnvge
after whnt the mayor had said.
I saw him when he was before
the magistrates. When I saw him
there I thought 1 knew him, hut
could not recollect for the moment
who it was.

Re-examined by Mr. Palmer.—-
I did not e.xpeet to meet Yarham,
My husband told me not to say
any thing about it, for he said they
should get into trouble, as no ono
could put an ounce of weight upim
bis (Yarham 'a) evidence. I first
told a maiTied daughter of mine
nliont it» and she told nio to tell
the gentlemen ; and it was slic
that told the gentlemen about it,
and they came down to her about
it.

Vol. LXXXVIIL

Sarah Dick, — I am daughter of
the last witness. I lived, in 1 844,
at the Battery. On Tuesday, the
IDth of November, I remember a
man coming and speaking to my
mother ; there was a hoy in the
Cattery, who told me that the
man*s name was Yarham ^ — the
prisoner at the bar is the man,
I rcmeniher going to Norwich
after the trial ; Yarham and his
wife were there. I know him to
be the same man that spoke to
my mother. My mother told me
the conversation she had had with
Yarham, and I told Mr, W, Yates,
t!ie magistrate, about it. There
was some disagreeablencss between
my fatlscr and my mother, and I
asked her the reason. She then
told me all about it. I told the
magistrates, because I thought it
was not a proper thing to be kept
secret.

Cross-examined, — I heard the
conversation that passed between
my mother and Yarhnm the first
time, and was with my mother
when she told the niagistrates.
I was only fourteen years of age,
and I thought it was not jnoper to
charge a man so much older than
myself with murder, I saw the pri-
soner when before the magistrates,
I cannot say how many people
there were in the railway carriage.
There were the witnesses that were
engaged.

Re-examined, ^ — I had heard my
mother mention, speaking to Mr,
U. Palmer, who was then nmj'or,
and I did not think it was neces-
sary to mention it again.

8ome further evidence was tlicn
atldueed to sustain tlie credibility
of the statement now made by
Mrs. Dick ; and also as to the
extraordinary proceedings of the
magistrates in reference to the
prisoner, when a prisoner in Nor-

2 B

i-'i »- y - : i. 1 1 ^ •:- : ■• T E a, is46.

,:•■-■ - Vm...... :- .>«.~j .-Wt -■•ff-i .rifcg luntiviX u iK

I*."' ■-■...-' J.'. . _jL Z. »iMim«. -vLHi^A.— •.lilifTi:^ X;iil ■»JUJii ic-

•:u* :-.fi. ■ ^ ijz..- » .t;i -L^ *«.iiiz:tria. ii j^ jildU ^ tie

|..., T-.^-p .: . ;:. ... .^.^:-- .,- n ^» ii..n^ ir-w -iieir A£Ma6.fl ■^■

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/*.».-..'. •- -.. . j-i..-:,-; . :.^_-, i- -It v-iiii 3iu:..-r:.4*lT jj ^iiri.w .la iL-

'**■'• * * * '■.•^■"* 'a**i^ ji .^ii ii T'lm ir^r rue _ri]o«'r:aa; Wi'i-

j/.a. .:. - . v-.i- :-. :_: j. r --:i.t x.-i-i 'j^Az •:ifz 'tLs^i TiB :-.Tr,:.

//r»" r,.'.--- - .- - r i .:, V iiiiT iijii,- II- , .-.iHT t^tIi a .ieiibpnt^?

th't »rfM'f...r^ ;. ,:. »; ^-. :;.- -.Lkti it \ i^'i^LZi. -r^i-: iia-I ■."rrtiinlT Ji:co

%\y *>u t:.,-. r:. ■..•:'-:. »-• : » .-- _:- i.rr :j ^: it- Ir j^r vene .luiirr

Hij''fi""i :«''* ;'•.-..•. - -. -.1- :•: :L.? 111.':-;-. !i.- :zen-.-r wiJ Ttrt

IMiruIN J'd r'. if'- ; ••.^-. - ¥i.-ii pii: - :'.. - ?!:f Trrt ^^:I:t iV
lirii t»v till- r;..-:.' -•;■■.:'.-. -*:■: iJ." si. i i.cl:.:: is !iij "..h::: ir..:u:^-J
hfiKMit; kn'-w ti.:ii :.'.'■:, f'. -::: :■: Lt.-. ifr .'rjn.; wia fir .'^Lx-rer
iMTv" iih'l |f«'j/«'.f j I. fi ■'/••::. :«= f.il "LLii L-^. "Ji.i^.: ilie pLniiLzivQi
Miiiik \\w\i'V fli" jir'-'i."; '..f •• :- I-.'-': •.- ^.??. V-.tj a:r...r-;j fMia-
jintfiii (oitiiKf. iSii'.lj Ki^T. i.ii iLi^is ii.: ">:-ra iLi-lc ch Lvr hav-
I'liiih'ri'i-il iriiiif'ifiii ry irini*-, i* ::.•=■ Lj .z.!::-^; :■. ^i^ie tLe nrst in-
)iiii'« III i'U'Hi|»lioii fiorn tiiO f!<:-.--*r ur..-:-- .::. :lt rr*: irial ; but cLat

It Mil tln' inili : l#ili wljlit Wf:r': tl.r.ir. eri-ifL/r- »i- L.-: mJU'ri^I to lUdC

• iilli liiiiiM r«ini|uif<<l to tliOK*' of liiO i*---. iLil sLe micLi Wfll atfr^S'

iiiiiiil III II imin (jjiii'iil in the awful \iith i>.«r rtJTcr in thinking l:i:ltlT

MHiiiitiHii iii'i'iipiril l»y tlu? ffrisonfT of it. Th''.5i^ ul£crviii:.>n<, howevt-r.

Ml tlml liiiii' ^ It. wiM iii.t to ho only applitil to ihdt inierview, ai:*!

uiMiili-M il iiMIhiI, ililvi'ii (o ilohpuir, tliil not affect in anyway the so-

\ 1111111111 iiiif'.hi hfivr {irofi'hAf'il to Cwml at thf* station and the thinl

\\%\\v >-oino l(iiii\Uril;rf df th(' a^nir, in Yarmouth, which might well re-

«hlili mli'hl JiiMtifv till' imi^JHtrfltC's vive the rccollectiou of the first,

lit niMliiitii lU'i' of hiiii fif(iuiiHt the and give it an importance which it

Ktlii I iMi'inni'i'i, iiihI imrifv their really desencd, and an explanation

ittt^tt«ii> iilh I ^^hiit hiiil hi'cn which it required to make it avail-

^^\\^^\ iho " HI**'' " ill bueh a able. The whole case, however,

'^\\\\ W \\\\^ ' wah one pecidiaHy for the jury,

I

wlto would deal witli it aceording
td the impression the eridenoe had
made on their ininds. If they be-
lieved Mrs. Dick, they wmild find
the prisoner g:iiilty» but if they
doubted her veracity, or saw any
Teasonabl<j ground to distrust the
etory she tub I, it would bo then
their duty to acc|iiit the prisoner,
wlio had received a gcjod charac-
ter, and was therefore entitled to
all the advantages of such testi-
mony*

The jury dehberated for a
quarter of an honr» and then
ireturncd a verdict of ** Guilty/'

For an account of his execution,
tee OimoNiCLE, p. 58,

CktoWr QCi.
TtiE Berwick Bank Rodbeav.

Be%*wkh'Upan - Tmeed. — Jane

Thompson, charged with tlio rob-
bery of the Berwick Bank, of
which particulars are given in the
Chronic'lo fur August, IM, was
arraigiird before the Recorder,
Tbo ua>^i> excited great interest,
and the Court wa&denselycrowded-

The prisoner pleaded ** Not
Guilty/*

John Short, a clerk in the North
of England Joint-Stock Bank, at
Berwick, of whicln in Angnst last,
JJm TiiomBon, the buabimd of the
prisoner, waa the agent, Mr.
Thomson occupied a dwelting-
h«»nae connected with ilie hanking
preuiiaoa. On the 9th of August
Mv. Tliomson left Berwick, and
the business of the Bank was
nmnagei! daring \iU absenoe by
Mr. Burdi.M, who, however, left
Berwick on the I'Uth of August,
before Mr. Thomaon'd return,
leaving witnesf* in charge of iho
i-afih. On the night of the UOth
witness slept at the bank. Between

3 and 4 o*clock in the aftetiioot),
he placed in the safe and cash- box
money in notes, gold, and silver,
to the amount of 3,109/. lU., and
gave the keys of the aafo, kc, to
Mrs. Thomson. He then went
away, leaving Mr, Watson, a
junior clerk, in the hank. Wit-
ness went to the bank again at
6 o* clock, when Mr. Wataou waa
still there, and at 9 o^clock, when
Mr. Watson had gone. Witness
then went out again, and returned
to the bank at a quarter before
11 oVk>ck, when he let himself in
from the street with a lateh-key,
and after examining the fastenings
of the doors went to bed. The
window of witness's bedroom
looked into the yard of the Cock
and Lion Inn ; he heard no noise
during the night. A bout 5 o Vhick
ho was awoke by one of tbo ser-
vants^ who wanted the key of the
outer door. lie told her wbero it
was, and five minutes afterwards
Jie was ai^ked to go down stairs.
He did so. when ho found the
thrco doors of the safe standing
open. The casb-bux and five par-
cels of silver, containing 501. each,
had been taken out i>f the safe.
He found the cash-box lying open
in the yard, and a parcel of silver
near it. There were no marks of
violence about tlie safc-ilnor, or
lobby-door. There was a laikler
placed against the wall of the yard,
but on examining it with Mr,
Robertson (for whom he sent on
the discovery of the robbery I ho
found it had made no perceptible
impression on the soil on which it
res toil.

In his croBS-exAmination by Mr,
Graingei", the wiiuesH alAted that
tbo catib-safc opened with a secret
spring, besides the lock, and that
he cotdd not find tie spring till ii
was pointed ont to hiiu hv Mr,
2 B 2

372 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Watson. 50^ of silver weighed
121b.

Ralph Watson, a junior clerk in
the bank, deposed that on the 20th
of August he remained in the bank,
after Mr. Short had left till 6
o'clock. He went back at 8 o'clock
for half an hour, and then got the
keys of the book-safe and cash-
safe from Mrs. Thomson. He
opened the cash-box to get a letter,
which he did not find there ; and
he then locked up all the doors,
and returned the keys to Mrs.
Thomson.

Isabella Lamb, who had been
nursery-maid in the prisoner's ser-
Tice, stated that on the night of
the 20th of August, at 10 o'clock,
she went with Margaret Arnott,
another servant, into the yard with
a lantern, and found every thing
right. Witness slept in Mrs.
Thomson's room, in a separate
bed. Mrs. Thomson came to the
room after witness went to bed,
when she took the baby out,
brought it back, and again went
out, and remained away about an
hour. Prisoner came to bed about
11 o'clock, when she complained
of being poorly, and went out,
taking a lantern with her. She was
a full hour absent. On lier return
she went to bed, and in about half
an hour awoke witness, and asked,
" Isabella, do you hear that noise? "
Witness did hear some noise from
the Cock and Lion yard. Prisoner
looked out of the window, and said
she saw two men with a lighted
lantern ; but witness did not get
up to look. Witness fell asleep,
and was again awoke by the pri-
soner, who asked, ** if she heard
that talking ? " Witness did hear
some talking, apparently from tlie
Cock and Lion yard. The witness
then stated, that, on going down
iairs in the morning, after letting

in Margaret Bell» who came to
assist the servants, she saw tk
cash-box and a parcel in ^e jiii
and called np Mr. Short. On tk
Friday after the robbeiy the pi-
soner begged witness never to mo-
tion that she had been out of het
room on the night of the robbor.

This witness was cross-examiiud
at considerable length, and con-
tradicted in some points the state-
ments she had made in her ex-
amination in chief.

Margaret Arnott, the housemaid,
corroborated the evidence of the
last witness as to the finding of the
cash-box, &c., and stated that she
had not been disturbed by anj
noise on the night of the 20th.
On the following day the prisoner
made the bed Mr. Short had slept
in on the previous night, and ako
two of the beds in her own room.
Witness never saw Mrs. Thomson
make any of the beds before the
robbery. The prisoner requested
witness, before she was examined
by the magistrates, not to say that
she (Mrs. Thomson) was out of her
room on the night of the i\)bberT,
When witness and Lamb went
down stairs in the morning to
admit Mrs. Bell, they were un-
dressed.

^largaret Bell cori'oborated to
some extent the evidence of the
two last witnesses. She stated,
however, that when they came to
the door, to let her in on the morn-
ing the robbery was discovered,
they wore both dressed, and wore
light gowns.

Alexander Robertson deposed to
having been called up by the wit-
ness Short on the morning of the
21st of xVugust. He went to the
bank accompanied by Broadfoot,
the constable, and saw the cash-
box open in the yard, with notes
and papers in it. Witness saw a

latldcr resting agnmst the yon^
wull, but there were no marks on
the wall, lior was there any in*
deiitatian of the soil. WitnesB,
on getting upon the hidclcr, fonnd
tbat it Bank into the »oil with lits
weight. He received the keys of
the safe from Airs. Thomson.
Durmg Frkbj (the 2\^t} two
pftckage6 of sdvcr were fonnd under
an inverted barrel in the yard, and
two other packages in the water
cask.

Cross-cjcaminei].^ — ^Mrs. Thom-
son made a statement to him, freely
andwitbont hesitation, and showed
no desire to keep any tiling back»
She said nothing that raised
snspiuion against her. Witness
never heard a whisper agaiuBt
Kri*, Thomson's eharacter.

James Prondfoot, poliee-con-
stable at Berwick, who aecom-
panicd the la»t witness to the
hank, confirmed hi« evidence as to
the finding of ihe cash-box, kc.
On the following Monday, witness,
with Telford, another constable,
searched the house. Under the
stairs in the back-kkehcn they
found five small bags ; one con-
tained two sixpences, another 01
sovereigns and a half, and the re-
maining three each eotUained lUU^
in sovereigns and half-.«ovoreign».
Witness also found 434/. in Scotch
notes, lyitig in a heap together,
and a parcel of silver containing
14/. 17*"* In a bedroom above the
gronnd-floor» containing three beds,
he found lUU/, in sm all notes sewed
into the bolster. He ripped open
the ticking of the nursery bed, and
found l,00l)f, in Bank of England
notes, and lOOL in Scotch notes.
In thewardiobe in Mrs. Tiiomson's
room witness found a basket, con-
taining some thread exactly cor-
responding with that used for sew-
ing up tlic ticking where it had

been unripped. The thread used
for tlie rcsewing was darker than
that with which the bed had beeu
originally sewn.

Andrew Telford, police-officer,
confimied Proudfoot's evidence,
and depoj^ed to having himself
found other large sums of money
concealed in the pillow of a child *8
crib.

After sorae other unimportant
evidence, as to the identity of the
notes, ttc,, had been taken, the
ease for the prosecution eloicd at
half-past 1 1 o'clock on Monday
night,

TuEsnAT. — At the sitting of the
Court this morning,

Mr. Grainger commenced his
address to the jury on behalf of
the prisoner He urged the great
improbability there was of a per-
son in Mrs. Thomson's situation
eonmutting such an oflfence. The
discrepancies which occurred in
the evidence of the witness Lamb,
who was the only material one
against the prisoner, showed that
her testimony was not to be relie<l
upon. She prevaricated so much
in her statement, as to render it
extremely donhtful whether Mrs.
Thomson was ever out of the bed-
room at all that evening. It was
certainly remarkable, if she had
been so long away, that the wit-
ness Lamb never went to ln<^uirc
about her, not withstn ruling she
knew her mistress vftia unwell.
Had there been any movement
about the house at Ibis time, this
witness must have heard it, hut
there was no evidence that she had
done so, Then it was impossible
for Mrs. Thomson to place the
money where it was found, espe-
cially that discovered underneath
the kitchen stairs, without soiling
her dress, and yet there was no
dirt upon her dressing-gown. In-

kmik huimwi llw llom «f § mai
1 1 frVlock. Ml4 abe. in c«ni«etaw
.Willi ArwotW >iSil>t ^^^ ftiinttlal
•■orn« ono into m§ Wak« or ibe^
liiifflii htkw^ pkoscd ftod exeevied
tliM robbery the>ro«elTf«» and been
fntttfsl«»ii in fttUr earnrini^ out
ibdr tnitatiooji. Tb« wbule con-
dddi of Mm. Thommn, botb before
mI tf^^-r ibc rubbery^ wu catcu-

"tfcit,
■^ <i»y «Ml4 be nmoaiM, th
JMT nfbl ami tbe wbiww»f gdltf .
Be &1 001 hiuM]/ set httw ihe^
<mU be t^eo&ciM with m prf*ui»|*.
tiancfftbepi0oii«r'«nllt. Iftbcf
tMk ibe sftAM raw thif would. ^
MoiM, ftcqdi Ibe priaooer ; if not,
ib^T irould ^ad her gitiltr.

The jtirj, after a stiortVonsnlta-
tion, returaed a TerdicI of " Not
Guiltj/'

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

376

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

FINANCE ACCOUNTS

Class I. Pubuc Income.

II. POBUC EXPENDITCTBE.

III. Disposition or Gba5ts.

I._PUBLIC INCOME op the UNITED KINGDOM

HEADS OF REVENUE.

ORDINARY REVENUES.

CiiitoiDS

Excbe

Stamps (Including Hackner Coach
and Hawkers and Pedlars* Li-
cences)

Taxes, Land and Assessed

— - Income and Property •

Post Office

One Shaiing in the Pound, and Six.
pence in the Pound on Pensions
and Salaries, and Four Shillings
In the Pound on Pensions .

Ciown Lands

Small Branches of the Hereditary
Revenue ... . .

Surplus Fees of Regulated Public
Offices ......

TOTALS of Ordinary Revenues

GROSS
RECEIPT.

Repayroenta, Allow
anoes. Diaoounts*
Drawbacks, and
Bountiea in the

Nature of
Drawbacks: and
Allowances Ibr

Paper and

Parchment to

stamp on.

OTHER RESOURCES.

Money received from the East India
Company, on account of Retired

Pay, Pensions, dtc . of Her Ma-
jesty's Forces serving in India,
per Act 4 Geo. IV. c. 71 .

J«i

82,611,706 4 6
15,063,064 9 3i

7,895,en » HI
r 4,479,944 ff 81
U,6S6,588 5 ffi

8,004,007 15 1

4,522 18 4

3!>4,488 3 9^

24,047 3 6

286,518 6 8

From the Trustees of the King of
the Belgians, the Amount repaid
Into the Exchequer for the use
of the Consolidated Fund, out
of the Annuity granted to Prhice
Leopold

Imprest Monies, repaid by sundry
Public Accountants, and other i
Monies paid to the Public .

Money received from China under I
the Treaty of Peace, concluded in
August 1848 i

Money received Arom the Bank of !
England, and from the South ;
Sea Compsny. on account of I
Unclaimed Dividends . . .

TOTALS of the Public Income —
ofthe United Kingdom . .1 /

58,860,478 1 9iJ

60,000 0 0

96,000 0 0

66,468 13 7

NET RECEIPT

within cte Year,

after dcdudiBff

REPAVMCM^

dec.

£ 9, d.

333,991 6 m
590AH0 1S1I

819,706 9 3i

5,482 8 81

118,845 16 9

40,150 5 31

1,863,516 19 81

£ 9, 4.

29,278,316 17 9|
13,018,143 1« 41

7.6734189 • 8

4,474,409 8 6.

3,St3,6B8 • 8|;

1^963,337 9 91

4,582 18 4

3M,482 3 9A

24,047 3 6

888,313 6 3

57,597,935 3 \^

00000 0 0

36,000 0 0

66,408 13 7

e67,044 9 7

9^83 19 3

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

377

FOR THE YEAR 1846.

Glass IV. Unfundzo Debt.

V. PuBuc Funded Debt.
YI. Tkade and Xatioaxiok

FOB THE Year ej^ded 5th January, 1846, i

TOTAl^TNGOMl,

in-cludlair
BALANCES.

TOTAL

PkrmBui outof the

llkeopMffn tei

PAVHEKtS
EJCCBEQUEB.

BALANCErS

TOTAL

£ 9. A

ai.Tra^i 9 I

7,a^^Jo 41

i(i,c«i,5tti 7 ni

4.^ IB 4

4a»,f»D m I A

I4,m7 3 B

I^S1«;»I3 0 11
IJIXU^^ 13 ]]|

\^,m 0 11

3Se,4IO a 71

1J38,743 a 4|

Bi 7 1

3i$,^W) 1 Bi\

S0J9l,D0f| 18 5
13^,3J() 4 il

7,603a79 18 *
|4,a3t,4«» 4 lit

t£,a8a,3soi7 a*

^jm 0 0

4.437 11 3

isojooo e» n
«,<w 3 a
stt^i e 8

£ «. It
Bi7,a» 3 g

357,835 4 31

iiD,0f» 0 n
m^i m lit

»r3,ff74 13 H
4044ni« «|

»,7m^1 8 1
la^^aw 8 84

imm i» 41

10,0819^1 7 m

8^7*41!> H 10
I,S2*1B 4

m,mn lA

*«.W7 3 A
,89e,A18 fi i

^19.034,^ I ffA

Piiino a 0

3fl/IDD 0 0
4i!.4«|]3 7
«F7tGM 0 7

o,aai» 3

4jm,\9k 17 »A

3ajio,ii)i d 0

W.|»D 0 0
38vO<» 0 0

ai,4flii 11 7

«7^4 9 7

0,B2S 18 3

1,4«»»73lll di

mjm^x 1 «A

flftpflW 0 0

M,WfO 0 0

ae.«!]^ 13 7

flB7.fl*4 8 7
0,iJS18 3

10474^ 3]lA'| 44ai4M17 »fj

18,780,131 7 »

1, 444^3 Ii m

flD^4,9ilT a ijf^

878 ANNUAL EEGISTEB, ISM.

IL

PUBUC EXPENDITTRE

Of tJie T/kited KiKUBOM, exdnsm of Hie Sams applied tc- & I*f-
ducUon of the Natjokal Debt, in the Yesr tmdfrd &i^ ^snour. 1^I7.

PmfmeHU imi of Ike Income im He
Proyrese to the Exchequer,

£ *- d. £ t, I

ChwH^et of Collectkm a377.44€ IS C

OHwr PbvmetiU 761,748 4 7^

Total Pt/meiitt <Mt of the Iiicobm
iuitaprogreMtofbeEsdiequer 4,€SB,I9I 17 9

Funded Dfht.

U(€fait and Mtnafemeot of the Per-

mwiMit I>eU S|,7i0^73 7 6

Temiiotble Annuitief ..... ^916,961 18 6
TuUl Chtrge of the Funded Debt,

t)Kclu*ive of the Interetton Do-

uaiioiu aiid BequetU ... 17^858455 6 0

i

IiilvriMt on Exchequer Bills . . .

Civil M»t

AiitiuitMM and FenHioni for Ciril,
NaviiI» Mill(arir» and Judicial Ser-
v|nt*N, clmrgud by various Acts of
Parliament on the Consolidated
Pund

HularifH and Allowances ....

Diplomiitic Salaries and Pensions .

(.!ourU of Justice

MiMM^Iianoous Charges on the Con-
Mitlidated Fund

421^1 11 6

d9a,05I 4 8

592,660 1 7

265,977 10 8

175,056 4 1

870,409 4 11

499,652 11 11

Army 6,699,699 0 0

Navy I 7,803,464 9 5

Dninanee %861,534 0 0

Misevllaneous i chargeable on (he An- '

mial (9ranU of Parliament . . .1 3,264,839 3 6

28,077,986 17 6

2.736,806 17 10

20,129,036 12 11

Exceii of Income over tlxpenditure

£ 55.583,025 6 0
. I 2.846,307 19 2

£, 58,429,333 5 2

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

^79

in.

DISPOSITION OF GRANTS.

Au Account showing how the MoKi£s given for the SERriCE of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelahd for the Year
1846 haye heen disposed of ; dlstinguiBhed under the scrcral
Heads ; to the 5th January, 1847.

SERVICES.

Navy .
Army .
Ordnance

To defray the Cbarffe of Ci?il Contln.
gencies to the 31 st day of March, 1847 .

Cla» I PuRLic Works akd Buildincs.

To defray, to the 3lst day of March 1847,
the Expense of Works and Repairs of
Public Buildings, for Furniture for various
Public Departments, and for certain
Charges for Lighting and Watching,
and for Rates and Taxes ; also for the
Maintenance and Repairs of Royal Pa-
laces and Works in the Royal Gardens,
formerly charged upon the Civil List .

To defray, to the 31 at day of March, 1847,
the Expense of erecthig a Pdm House
in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew .

To defray the Expense of providing tem-
porary Accommodation for the Houses of
Parliament, Committee Rooms, OfBc^s,
and temporary Official Residences for
the Speaker of the House of Commons,
and other Officers of that House; to the
3l8t day of March, 1847 .

To defray, to the 31st day of March, 1847,
the Etpense of the Works at the New
Houses of Parliameot . • • r

SUMS
Voted or Granted.

SUMS
Paid.

7,528,873 6 10

£ «. d.
5,964,420 6 10

6,685,044 0 0

4,540,000 0 0

3^8,560 0 0

1,563,700 0 0

100,000 0 0

100,000 0 0

121,578 0 0

10,000 0 0

15,566 0 0

78,400 0 0

90,000 0 0

10,000 0 0-

8^000 0 0

72,400 0 0

of State for the Colonies; to ihe 31 si
_rof March. 1S47 . . . .
I pay the Salariei and Expenses in the
Depart rnenl* of Her Majeslj''i! most
Honourable Privy Council, and Com-
tniltee of PfivT Ctjuncil for Trad* j to
the 31 8t day oi Match, 1 847

To pay the Sabry of ihe l^rd Privy Seal ;
to tte 31 sL day'of Marcli, 1847

To defray the C barge of the Oflkse of Her
Mmjetty't Favmai^ter- General; to the Slat
dmy of March, 1B47 . . . .

To pay the Salaries and Expenses in the
Departments of the Coraptrollcr-Generml
of the Exchequer, the Fay masters of
Exchetiyer Bills, and the Paymaster of
Civil Services; to the 31st day of Miirch,
1847

To pay the Salariei and Expenses of the
State Paper Office; to tlic 31 fit day of
March. 1847 . * , , .

To defray the Expenditure of the Mint; to
the 31st day of March, 1847 .

To defray the Salaries of Persons employed
in the Care and Arrati^ment of the
Public Record*, and Expenses connected
therewitlij and the Compensations to
Keepers of Records and others whose
offiL^'S ha¥c been aboli?ihed ; to the 3l6t
day of March* I N7 . . . .

To pay the Sal:irie« and Expenset of the
Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant
of Ire Land, tn iiiihlin and London, and
the Privy Council OHice in Ireland ; to
the 3 1 ft day of March, 1847

To defray the Charge of the Office of Pay.
master of Civil S>enices in Ireland ; to
the 31*1 day of March, 1847

To pay ihe Salaries and Exfienses of the
Board of Public Works in Ireland; to
the 3l84 day of Marcli, 1847

To defray the Expense* of Stall onery.
Printing and Binding for the scverul
Public DetiortrfJcntTS including the Ex-
pense of the Otfice; (o the 31st day of
Si arch, 1847 . . . . ' .

To defray the Charge for Printing by the
Queen's Printer!fi in Ireland; to the3l»t
day of March. 1847 ....

Toward! de&aving the Expens^cs of the
Ecdenasticd CommissionerH for Eng-
land; lo the 31 At day of March. 1847 .

To defray Expenses connected with the
Administration of the I^iws relatfng to
the Poor ; to the 3ht day of Marth,lB47

19,000 0 0

37,255 0 0

2,000 0 0

29^59 0 0

10,150 0 0

2,e5*J 0 0
72,915 0 0

12,028 0 U

23,273 0 0

5.U46 0 0

5,798 0 0

244,126 0 0

4,950 0 0

3,340 0 0

120,700 0 0

43^7 12 7

25.559 16 4

1,500 0 0

21,000 0 0

8J33 15 4

714 W 7
72,915 0 0

2,490 0 0

4*501 1 8

l5S,m9 5 7

834 17 9

1,670 0 0

44,907 2 4

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, 888

SERVICES-^oN/diiMi/.

To defray the Expenses of the Milbank
Prison ; to the Slst day of March, 1847.

To defray the Expense of the General
Prison at Perth, for a Half-year ; to the
8l8t day of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of the Convicl
Dep6t in Dublin, and the ConstabuUry
Barrack, Phoenix-park ; to the dlst day.
of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of maintaining
Criipinal and other Lunaticn; to the.
31st day of March, 1847

Towards defraying the Expense of ereciing
9 Prison for Criminal Lunatics in Dub-
lin ; to the dlst day of March, 1847 .

To pay the Salaries and Expenses of
Inspectura of Prisons, of the Prison
Board in Scotland, and of the Inspector
of Lunatic Asylums in Ireland ; to the
81st day of March, 1847 .

Towards defraying: the Charjje of the
Metropolitan Police in Dublin ; to the
dlst day of xMarch, 1847 .

To defray the Expense of the Convict
Hulk Establifhment at Home, tt Ber-
muda, and at Gibraltar ; to the dlst day
of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of Convicts at New
South Wales and Van Diemen's Land ;
to the dlst day of March, 1847 .

Towards the Expense of erecting a Model
Prison in Ireland, in the Year 1846

Class 4. — Education, Science, and
Art.

For Public Education in Great Britain, in
the Year 1846

To enable the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
to issue Money for the Advancement of
Education in Ireland ; to the dlst day
of March, 1847

To defray the Expenses of the School of
Design, and for Aid to Provincial
Schools; to the dlst day of March,
1847

To defray the Charge of the Salaries and
Allowances to certain Professors in the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge ;
to the dlst day of March, 1847. .

To defray the Expenses of the University
of London ; to the dlst day of March,
J847

To pay, to the dlst da^^ of March, 1847,
Grants to Scottish Universities, formerly

syiijs

Voted dr Granted.

'^S.'

£

«.

d.

£ «.

d.

d4,08d

0

0

. 10,733 17

4

5,000

0

0

720 0

0

3,071

0

0

...

a^oas

0

0

6,000

0

0

..

. 8,986

0

0

315 0

9

96,000

0

0

96,600 0

0

6:2,390

0

0

250,000

0

0

...

10,000

0

0

••• •••

100,000 0 0

85,000 0 0

5,381 0 0

2,006 0 0

4,529 0 0

35,000 0 0

2,690 10 0

2,009 0 0

941 4 1

i

3M ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

amncci

SUMS

scvs

m LtmaiiL ma. Vtama i ^:kt tin. Ait ■
«fMm^ I>I7 .... 1

T» ietx^ "sut SJcmsr si )ii«rK£ic Obscr-
laeow X r.-p.-«D]w :^^ ill if I. As
Ope z£ G.>«.-«£ Bioe. sni Tja DinM«'«
Laoii.. Uic l*r ObiKr«ac»:a» ind Ser-
ixiB arriTi^ :ii snicr ae ArectiGa
9i 3ie .ViC-:ixt:4aEr Rr^'L asd ether
Soncric V.-ris jni Piabfaacuoi; to
Ike :SiiC V3&.7 :c )£ar:fi. !>47

T««ars oe6^^!3^:. =z :^ jmr 15-ld. the

tx«» ami tifiiu- Bkadtws a :be Bocaci-
tal Gatm zi I>bacM ....
T# ce^j :^ 0»er» c^ tbe Bcitiisii
XaHRsn : izr zx v««r cso-:^ ca the
dSa AT <c Jiinca^ '|>|7 . " .

Ouii^ — CotOXtXL AXD CONSTLAE

ScEncis.

To ae^xT :^ Cbu«e of tbe O^ii E«tab-
IdMnsof tbe Bahaaa liJiii to the

To^efivr' tiie Cliaifv of tbe CntI Eitak- ^
idbwttfof the Bencudas: t

To idnj the Cl|iii|>e of th

■■■■lit of IiiMC Edwa

tkr3lftdiTof)faich,l8
Tm Mwr the CW^ of the

fli Silk UMd, for the R

X & dL

£ L i

7,4» 0 0 ,

j

2^10 li 9

1
»0 0 0 {

1

900 0 0

»0 0 0

300 0 0

1

aoea o o !

1

4»i50 0 0

^JBOO O 0

1350 0 0

4X4M 0 0

!

44,491 0 0

319S0 0 0 :

i

2,140 0 0

i

101911 0 0

aooo 0 0

ooas o 0

1,463 9 4

*

2XW0 0 O

43^406 0 O i 45,406 0 0

I

3,410 0 0
4,049 0 0
a^OTO O 0

65 10 0
1,535 S »

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

385

SERVICES— ^on/muee/.

SUMS
Voted or Granted.

SUMS
Paid.

wrecked Persons; to the Slst day of
March. 1847

To defray the Charge of the Civil Establish-
ment on the Western Coast of Africa; to
the dlst day of March, 1 847 .

To defray the Charge of the Citil Establish-
ment of St. Helena ; to the Slst day of
March, 1847

To defray the Charge of the Settlement of
Western Australia; to the dlst day of
March, 1847

In aid of the Settlement at Port Essington ;
for the year 1846

To defray the Charge of the Government
of the Falkland Islands ; to the dlst day
of March, 1847

To defray, in the year ]846» the Charge of
the Colony of New Zealand .

To defray the Charge of the Civil Esta-
blishment of Heligoland; to the dlst day
of March. 1847

To defray the Charge of the Salaries of the
Governors and Lieutenant-Governors and
others in the West India Colonies; to the
dlst day of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of the Ecclesiastical
Establishment of the British North Ame-
rican Provinces; to the 81st day of
March, 1847 .* .

To defray the Charge of the Indian Depart-
ment m Canada; to the dlst day of
March, 1847

To defray the Charge of the Colonial Land
and Emigration Board, and other Ex-
penses connected with Emigration ; to
the dlst day of March, 1847 .

To defray the Charge of the Salaries,
Allowances and Contingencies of the
Stipendiary Magistrates in the West India
Colonies and the Mauritius ; to the dlst
dav of March, 1847 ....

To defray Expenses incurred for the sup-
port of Captured Negroes and Liberated
Africans, and other Charges, under the
Acts for the Abolition of the Slave
Trade ; to the dlst day of March, 1847

To pay, to the dlst day of March, 1847, the
Salaries and Contingent Expenses of the
Mixed Commissioners established on the
part of Her Majesty, under the Treaties
with Foreign Powers for suppressing the
Traffic in Slaves

To defray the Charge of the Consular Esta-
blishment Abroi^; to the dlst day of

March, 1847

Vol. LXXXVIII.

£ «. d.

400 0 0

18,680 0 0

11,500 0 0

7,219 0 0

2,965 0 0

4,758 0 0

80,000 0 0

r,028 0 0

18,894 0 0

ll,d5d 0 0

18,000 0 0

l(nd64 0 0

48,400 0 0

20,000 0 0

22,800 0 0

112,600 0 0
2 C

£ «. d.

6,000 0 0

4,000 0 0

4,977 5 7

90,944 0 0

»M

A?K^T EH 3.KSrL^TKR^ ISML

*i I ^ r V

T?--«i

1»i <Mr«i M«i '!iiiri!* o" tie
tn*fHa «j| «i* >'•** ?'ifTi fflKi "O

III Oil' 1IU< «!«> '/f >ivr.% ;*<:

riii«« 0. Hiirr.hMwr^Tiv9t% But

1N« i)«>nn\ Hii> ('Imrtr^ '/f Oiu;««naiiiuaifiii
MUn^rti)«<it« mill ijunyntmexMm ii ?4c-
•oit« f'«tnni>ily (Miiiil(f)r«rd in liie T'uuiii
Vvnivr t l*t ilio Sllut fky '/f MvjL J^CT

IV «>ti-«Mi* Hi>t MnjiHiiy to (rraiit Reatdii
iKv M^i ,U\ .il Miin'h, 1847. to Tw:*-
>iM««'«i -^nil riir«irnii Knii((rmnU. I>xdi
N^\^\ Ort\,.i«' Wiilown, He LKxBiiif>>
Vi^ »\ «*. \(i\oii««fin l<iiyiili«t«, and crthen
>\K.' 1m w l»»i«>(«it'iMv riMi'ivnfl AUowaDoe*
*\»»N% U,« Mi\)i>«i\ ....

^V A•A•^^ iU»« l> \|M«n«o of llie Nati'/na]
\ »,. ^.„ ^i.iKntt.M) I fur ilii« yrar IH46

\\ w. s> i'., ^itpp.Ml i»i ilio UrfiiKi; for the
»V > u^^ iW xom IHIO

^* ^ \\ »»,,.» ,^\ \]^o SulmiNlriiri! of the
^ • K, '.,:^^-•. rtu.l Mlitwniiorn to DU-
^•'••^«>^ . u\ iho illHt day of

V, X

• ^ A'.M av ^^r Maivh. 1847,

• .XX. . \.\»^^,»,v* hirmvrly dc-
- — N \ • N ■, I ui. iIh' Honsiitary

•vf \.. ^v %x:m«>^ tut |vrniAnont

»»' vvr* ,^«,^,» |»x IWliamont

'\ \ %— •» ,s« liv KoiiiuUing

\'^ A' iV ,H|>i day of

•v.

^ \ > -^ ,v* iS,» IKniMO of
^ * v^ .>v ,HUi ,Im i4

,■* '^ V Vx.svsvk" ^\f tlH»

^ ^ ^— ^^ V .Mm ,^v.^r

«fe:MM « 4

SJXfO O V

7,051 0 0 J

i

8,272 0 0

13,226 0 0

l»000 0 0

%SlOO 0 0

1,000 0 0

I

1.300 0 0

ijoeo 0

IJkaO 0
JU»0 0

S,4M 13 (

479 0 J

4,006 0 11
400 0 0
1,203 12 €
1,000 0 0
1,500 0 0

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

387

SERVICES— continued.

SUMS
Voted or Granted.

SUMS
Paid.

Towards defrajring the Expenie of the
House of Recovery and Fever Hospital,
Cork-street, Dublin ; to the Slst daj of
March, 1847

Towards defirayinf^ the Expense of the
Hospital for Incunibles ; to the Slst day
of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of Non-conformxnff,
Seceding and Protestant Dissenting Mi-
nisters in Ireland; to the Slst day of
March, 1847

To pay, to the Slst day of March, 1847,
Charitable Allowances charged on the
Conc'brdatum Fund in Ireland, and other
Allowances and Bounties

Class 7. — Special and Temporary
Objects.

To defray, for one Year, the Expenses of
the Commission for digesting the several
Statutes relating to the Criminal Law

To defray the Expenses of the Shannon
Commission ; to the Slst day of March,
1847

To defray, in the Year 1846, one Moiety
of the Cost of executing certain Worlcs
of Navigation in Ireland, connected with
Drainage

To defray, in the Year 1846, the Charge
of Works and Repairs to the British
Ambassador's House at Paris.

To complete the Chaige of Rebuilding the
Britisti Ambassador's House at Constan-
tinople

Towards defrajing the Expense of Steam
Communication to India by way of the
Red Sea, to the Slst of March, 1847

To defray the Expense of Militia and Volun-
teers in Canada, in the year 1846-7

To defray Expenses incurred for the Relief
of Distress, arising from the Failure of
the Potatoe Crop in Ireland .

To replace the like Amount advanced for
the Relief of the Suflerers by the Fires
at Quebec, in the year 1845 .

For the Relief of the Sufferers by the recent
Conflagration at St John's, Newfound-
land

To pay off and discharge any Exchequer
Bills chaiged on the Aids or Supplies
for the year 1846. . . . .

£ ». d.

8,500 0 0

500 0 0

85,780 0 0

7,256 0 0

8,400 0 0

786 0 0

85,000 0 0

1,000 0 0

12,000 0 0

50,000 0 0

15,500 0 0

182,000 0 0

20,000 0 0

80,000 0 0

£ ». d,

2,900 0 0

500 0 0

25,669 19 5

6,112 0 9

246 8 5

1,000 0 0

12,000 0 0

25,000 0 0

182.000 0 0

20,189,912 6 10

18,380,200 0 0

18,592,184 8 9
9,887,900 0 0

88,570,112 6 10
2 C 2

22,980,084 3 9

388 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

PAYMENTS FOR OTHER SERVICES,

NOT BEING PART OF THE SUPPLIES GRANTED FOB THE
SERVICE OP THE TEAR.

PAID.

EMimatod
Anther Payment!.

Expenses of the Office of the
Commissionera for Building ad-
ditional Churches, per Act 56
Geo. III. c 45

For Interest on Exchequer Bills
charged on the Aids or Supplies

d,000 0 0
210383 8 6

205,177 5 le

213,889 8 6

205,177 5 10
213,883 8 0

Total Services not voted
Amount of Sums voted .

•

419,060 IS H)
88,570,112 6 10

38,969,178 0 8

WAYS AND MEANS

FOR ANSWERING THE FOREGOING SERVICES.

Sums to be brought fromihe Con-
solidated Fund, per Act 9 Vict.

c. 7

Ditto, per Act 9 & 10 Vict c. 47
Ditto, per Act 9 & 10 Vict, c 116
Surplus of WajTs and Means . .

Exchequer Bills, voted in Ways
and Means, per Act 9 Vict

c 15

Total Grants and other Senrioet not TOted
Surplus of Ways and Means ....

I e.000,000 0 0
4,tN)aooo 0 0

8,356,173 17 11
253,738 8 11

20,609,912 6 10

18,380,200 0 0

38,990,112 6 10
38,989,173 0 8

939 6 2

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

389

§

s

I

s

S3
O

I

Eh

n

Q
Q
Q

D

^;

D
I

«
H

t

s

SB

is

Q

I

-<

8

li

00 r*

•xJ©
«•©

I

s «»

m ti

^

00

i

00
00

I

©
©

I

00

s

I

r

■s

I

£
a

i

s

800 ANNUAL REGISTER* 1916.

v.— PUBLIC

Of Gbeat BsiXAni end Immlaxd^ wad the

DEBT.

CAPITALS.

CAPITALS

CAPITALS
', UXREDKKMCD.

GREAT BRITAIN. \

Drtitdoeto th« South »^j^
Sm Company . • f"^!^'**"**
*• " • • --^uffic* ditto i
ditto
ditto

ditto !
ditto I

Old South 8ca AnnuifiM
New South Sem Annuttic*
Sooth Ses Annuities, 1751
I>«bc due to the BmxA o(}

England
Bank Annuities crested

Ial7»
Coosolidstcd Annuities
1 Annuities

> 1751

ditto
ditto

Total at 3 per cent.

Annuities at ai per cent. .
New 5 per cent. Annuities

Total. Great Britain .

IN IRELAND.
Irlih Consolidated Annuities, at 3\

percent /

Irish Reduced Annuities, ditto

Annuities at Bk per cent. .

Dibt due to the Baolt of Ireland, \

at 81 per cent. . /

New 5 per cent Annuities

ToUl, Ireland

Toul, United Kingdom

£
B,784

d.

3,10378 9 10
2.243,230 9 9 !
510,500 0 • j

9,164 11 S
6.341 10 M
3.219 • 9

]1/>15,100 0 • !

78W75

364,406,300 12
123,457.001 7

1 7

6 I

130 3 I

7».479 0
1,00M30 1

6i

S^4.7U» 4
t.gy,99i 11 4

at7jm 11 9
ii«ou.]«t • e

31MM1S 6

500,285,699 1 9|

1.868,503 15 0

507,«eM56 6 91

217.161.166 19 1
480.076 3 9

347.668 16 16

430M0S6 3 t

726.876,902 4 0|

2,210,179 11 If

794.068.799 19 91

5.916.779 13 6

5,»€.779 13 6

221.405 9 0
31.168,836 14 7

921,468 9 6
31,168.836 14 7

2.630.769 4 8

2.630,799 4 6

3.673 11 2

3.673 11 9

30,941,554 12 11

1 30.941,154 19 11

766,818,456 16 III

2,210,172 11 10

764^06,984 5 If

The Act 10 Geo. 4, c. 27. which came into operatioB at the 5th JuIt. 1829, enacts, •• That CIm
Sum thenceforth annually applicable to the Reduction of the National Debt of the United King-
dom, shall be the Sum which shall appear to be the amount of the whole actual annual surplus
Revenue, beyond the Expenditure of the said United Kingdom *. and the following Sums have
been accordingly received by the Commissioners, to be amilied to the Reduction of the said Debt,
including Sums on account of Donations and BequesUj" vis:>-

ON ACCOUNT OF

The
Sinking Fund.

Donations and
B«|oerts.

5th April and 5* .....
Alh July and 1( ....
10th October. 18 . . . .
Mh January an . . . .

£ «. d.

954.410 9 9
595,386 9 5
705,148 19 9
445,414 15 6

X «. d.

1.197 10 10
3315 1 0

9,700.300 7 5

M«0 7 1

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

391

FUNDED DEBT

Chabob tiiereupon^.at the 5th Jan. 1847.

CHARGE.

IN GREAT
BRITAIN.

IN
IRELAND.

TOTAL ANNUAL

CHARGE

of Unredeemed

PebU

ii

3

Annual Intemt on Unredaemed
Capital ....

Loox Annuities, expire 1800

Annoitiet per4 Geo. 4, o. SS, ex-
pire 1807

Annuities tar a limited twrrn of
year*, per SQ Geo. 3, c. 34, 10
Geo. 4, e. M, and 3 WilL 4. C.I4,
vhieb ezi^ra at various pe-
riods

^n life Annuities, per 48 G«v
Sq 3,6.149,10 Geo. 4, 0.84.
*-^ aad3WiU.4.c.li.

Tdaiine and^ I^Ush
other Life An- 1

I
f

nulties, per f
▼arious Acts . J Irish

Management

Tx>tal Annual Charge

»,990,637 3 U
1,948.458 13 11

05,740 0 0

901,074 18 5

880^508 7 6
18,108 17 8

34,930 8 7

1,989,306 0 9
45,U9 18 10

108.321 1 a

6,584 9 3

96.061,750 9 2k
91,670 5 9

1,449.804 9 10

96,183,490 14 4^

1.448.804 9 10

*. d.

97.608,224 17 H

ABSTRACT.

••• SkiBmgB and Pence omitUd,

CAPITALS.

CAPITALS
transferred to
the Commis-
sioners.

CAPITALS

ANNUAL CHARGE. ■

Due to the

Public
Creditor.

TOTAL.

Great Britain
Ireland . .

798.S«4W
39.041,554

9.9^0,179

£

794.686.729

30.941.554

£

26,061.750
1.449304

£
91,670

96,153,490
1,440,804

Totol .,

706.818,466

•1,910.179

764,608,984

97.511.554

91,670

27.608,294

• On account of Donations and Bequests . . . .
Ditto of Stock Unclafaned 10 years or upwards { |^{i| gea
Ditto of Unclaimed DiTMeods {ISSth Sea

£ §. d,

397.190 12 10

408.744 10 7

18.725 10 7

1.416.890 0 0

38.612 17 10

£9.210.179 11 10

394

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

QQ

ills

e m

4 ill

i» OBOTO

6 III

>■ S 5

§is

§11

si§

3Ei

511

sii

Hi

ale
PI

sess

§8?

SSI

lis

J III

2 i

t 111

l&Ss

|S5f

i ill

5

o I

ill

|s§§

28 «00;£

^ its

jail

I

I

I

igi

"'as

m

Hi

«3S2

s-lll

g 38a

|ShI

|3§l

ills

3 11^

IP?

ill

1^

1!8=

IS

'8

Iff

ISI

•BS"

«2J

HI

sss

lir

HE

k

Act for the farther Am<»nd-
ment of the Act* for the Ex-
tenaioa and Promotioa of Public
M'ork» in Irtland.

II. An Act to authorize Grand Jurien in
Irelttitd, at the Spring Assifcs of the
prvaent Year^ to appoint Eitraordi-
IIM7 PrateninieBfc Sesakms: to em-
power ittoh Sc— kwiio mako Prcsont-
ment for County Worki, and to pro-
vhh Funds for the Ejtecution of »uch
Wuilis ; and also to provide for the
more prompt payment of Contractors
for Works under Grand Jury Present-
ments in IrehntL

m. An Act to eitiOOUFage the Sea
FiaherieH of Ireland^ by promoting
And aiding with Grants of Public
Monoy the Conatnictton of Piers, Har-
bours, and other Worki.

IV. An Act to amend the Aeti for pro-
fljotiug tba Dmloago af I^nds and Im<
provement of Navifation and Water
Foww in eonnectlon with luch Drain-
age, in Itffaiul; and to atford Fiie ill ties
for iocrtAM^d Em ploy meet for the la-
bouring CUflsea in Works of Dramago
during the present Year.

Y, An Act to amend an Act for regulat-
ing the Conatruetion and Une of Build*
lugs in the Motropolia and ita Neighs
liourhood.

VI. An Act to make Provision until the
First L*ay of Septtimber Ono thousand
eight hundred and forty-seven^ for the
treatment of poor Persont afflicted
with Fever in Irtlami.

Vn. An Act to apply the Sura of Eight
Millions oat of tho Consolidated Fund
to tli<j Service of the Year One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-six.

Vlll. An Act to make further Provisions
aa to uoolaimed Stock and Dividaods
of tba South S^ Company.

IX. An Act for amending the Act for
rendering efTective the SorY'ioos of the
ChfUea Out-PcnsiocMfra, and oxteDd-
ing it to the Chit-Pesaioiiart of ^Trwn-
wick Hospital.

X. An Act for regulating the Payment
of the Oat-Pensioners of Ore^mmek
and CkeUca Hospitals.

XI. An Act for punishing Mutiny and
r>e!wrtion, and for the better Paywient
of the Army and their Quartera.

XII. An Act for the Regulation of Her
Majesty's Koyal Marino Foroei while
on ahoro.

XIIL An Act to ind(?mnify such Persons
in Uie United Kingdom as hare omitted
to qualify tliomaclTos for Offieea and
Employments^ and to extend the Time
limited for those purposes reapeetiTely
until the Twenty-flftJi Day of Mirc4
One thousand eight hundred and forty-
seven.

XIV, An Act to continue until the Fint
Day of March One thousand eight hun-
dr^ and forty-ieven, and from thence
to the End of the then next Session of
Parliament, the several Acta reUtiog
to Insolvent Debtors in India,

XV. An Act for raiting the Sum of
Eighteen millions three hundred and
eighty thouaand two hundred Pounda
by Exchequer Bilb» for the Service of
the Year One thou^aiid eight hundred
and forty six.

XVL An Act to authorize the Inclonxire
of eertain lands in pursuance of the
Recommeodation of the Inclosure Com-
misstoncra for Ewjlmui and Walz-t,

XVTL An Act for the Abolition of the
exdttsive Privilege of Trading in
Bnrghs in Sooiiamd,

XVIIi An Act to amend Two clerical
Errors in an Act of the bst Session,
for regulating the Labour of Children,
young Peraoita, and Woman in Print
WerkiL

4

AXXUAL REGISTER, IM&

Aa JUttoana

!«■ AAift

^Omi

■!■■«, ifc I ■ ■■111 I ■ rf tW SfJ-

XXL Mmi0tut #mM> ti» E^ Ha-

«f FWs Ad—i Pi Mil ggMiei !•
Iltei hf tic J&tif £i4m CoBfA^.

3I%IL An Act to wii ib« !•«* w^
Uuing ta ihm laiportatioa «f G«ni^

XXin; An Act i» liter «MMftDirtiM«r

XXIV, All A0tbtTemotbi^9mmli^
fmnimm thm Admisialsstktt «r MbI-

XXV, Ad A«t krr prnrnfinf milifiOBi
IigvriM t« Penom and Pr^opertj ly
Fire, or t^ esplofliv^ or deftructm

[ V I. An Aei fcnr abolkhiiif the CMBee
of SufM-rint«ndeDt of C^mrieta mider

Kfintiriii-^ of TrantporUtuMt,
XXVir An Act to uneod the I^wi re-

Ifttinjtf to Fri«'ridlj Societies.
XX Vin. An Aei to imcUiUto the Di«to>
tuttofi of curtain Rftilvraj Co{Q|»Asies.

XXIX. /kn Act for i^rantioi: tu H«r Mm'
jottjf. until the Fifth Dajr of August
Oiw thouAAml rijL^'lit Imiidntd Audforty-
iiU, (•('^rtalri ]>utie«i on Sugar importod
Into Lim I'nHrd Kingdom.

XXX. An A fit tn tl<;fin«* the Notice of
Kl4'nttan« of MftitlMTn to Bcrv«* In Par-
linriHud fnr rjM<*«, Towrni, or Borough i
hi trt'htuif.

XXXI. An Aft to siittlo nn Annuity on
VUnount /fi^rfliru^e, and the Two next
•UPvivhiff Wvirn Malo of the Bodj f
tlio ftuld Vim>oTrnt Ilardifuf^ to wb«
thp Tttlt* of ViBcoiint Hardhuje nh

> dotOGFiid, in C4fii»jdcrntion of his gn
dltd IttHUlAnt Servloci,

XXX II. An Act to Bc^ttJuan Annmtyi
Uiril tiifUifh hUii tho T T^ Bti.
ti\i»Tif lleln AUlt' of ♦&

^ Mid Liu'd ffituiih to *»«

IdMtmnon of hii Imi

i«f kr

XXXTL la .Act t» r mi 1^

liMBai, aad t4> iiPBi, a« Act krm-
NWiihii^ afi Oabe j^ t^ Bnft «l

XXXm Aa A«« tr iBiwii tite I«>9

XXXVUE AaAettocMMwrdvCiai^
nincMn 4if Bo- lii^JBa^t ITotd*
t* hrm a BAyal Fkrk m B&atnm

XXXIX Aa Act 19 «nUe tke Cban
aUfldoBcn of Her M^jaati'a Wooii lo
cMwtnMTt an Fmtiaai nwt tad Eoad-
way on tho North S^te of tJbo Bmr
TTuMwv from Bait«ri«« JN<lft «»
Tritt^Acr/l Briihf, and to biaild a Si»>J
pension Bridfc over th« «ud Bit er all
or near C%rwea Hospiti^^ with •OJi-i
able Approadkoa tiiereto, itidudiD$ a ,{
Street worn Lmter SliMn Strrti to tlM
Northern Extm&ity of ib« TUid^e.

XL. An Aet to deelut* t^rtaio Ro]»>
«ork« not within the Opcntloo of tfee
Factory Acts.

XLI. An Act for gratitiii^ to JUt Ma*
je9tT, until the Fifth D^y of 5f jirfgaihr

1 r i|U{NVt«d

t to auihurue ;& Loan fronii
iJated Fund to tlie 3W|

Vn Art T.. suspend until tlie Firftl

t>c/£i6-r (h,,^ o *and etglK^

fort tnAktoffl

B.xi LurolaiM

i>f thu United Kingdo
'O rezno\o Dout>tii aatol
* Members to »enre in
fco County of ClUftfr,

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

397

I

the Boroughs sit\iate therein, and for
the County of the City of Clt^Mtr,

XLV. An Act i^ continue until the First
Bay of S^pttndter One thoufand eight
himdnni and forty-seven certain of the
Prori'^ions of an Aft of the Fifth and
Sixth Years of tier present Mnjesity, for
amending the Constitution of the Go-
Tcmmf^nt of Neivfoundhntt,

XLVl. An Act to continno until the
Thirty-first THv uCI^ofmhrr One thou-
rnindl eight hundrod and fifty-one an
Act of tbo Fourth nnd Fifth Years of
Her preaent Majesty, for authorising
and fiteilitatinf the Completion of a
Sunroy of Ortat Britmn, Brnviek-
uptm^ TWtfrf, and the Inf^ of Man.

XLViI. An Act to apply the Sum of
Four Millions out of tho Consolidated
Fund, and the Surplus of Wayi and
Meaoa, to the Service of the Year One
ihoiiRand eight hundred aruj forty-six.

XLVIIL An Act for lcj?aliiing Art
Unions.

XL IX. An Act to eontinue until the
First Day of Oct/^>cr One thousand
eight hundred and forty-seven, aud to
the End of the then next Session of
Parliament, an Act for authoriiing the
Application of Highway Rates to
Turnpike Roads.

L. An Act to continue until the First
r>ny of October One thousand eight
liundred and forty-seven* at<d to the
End of the then Session of Parliatnent,
the Ejtemption of Inhabitants of Pa-
ri ilics, Townships, and Villages from
Liability to be rated ms such, in respect
of Stock in Trade or other Property,
to the Relief of the Poor.

LL An Act to continue certain Turnpike
Acts until the First Day of Octolf€r
One thousand eight hundred and forty-
seven, and to the end of the then next
Session of Parliament.

LIL An Act to continue to the First Day
of OcfXfber One thousand eight hundretl
and forty-seven, and to the Eod of the
then next Session of Parliament, the
Act to amend the Laws relating to
J.oan Societien^

LIIL An Act to iTontinue the Copyhold
Com mission until the Thirty-first Day
of Jttttf One thousand eight htindr*»d
and fbrty-seren, and to the End of the
then next Session of Parliament.

LIV, An Af*t to extend to all Barristers
}'• in the Superior Courts at

^i > the Privileges of Ser-

gpajn-rii-i.aw in tho Court of Com-
mon Pleas,

LV, An Act 10 defray until the First
Day of Aumttt One thousand eight
huudred and forty-seven the Charge of
the Pay, Clothing, and contingent and
other Expenses of the Disembodied
Militia in (ihrfcU Britain and hrlnnd;
to grant Allowances in certain Ca«*a
to Subaltern Officers, Adjiitamts, Pay-
masnteri, Quartermasters, Surgeons,
Assistant Surgeons, Surgeons* Mates,
and Serjeant Majors of tho Militia ;
and to authorise the Employment of
the Non- commissioned Oflleent.

LVI. An Act to provide Forms of Pro-
ceediugs under the Acts relating to the
Duties of Assessed Taxes, and the Da-
ties on Profits arising from Property,
Professions, Trade*, and OfBces in
Etvjland,

LVIL An Aei for regulating the Gauge
of Railways.

LVin. An Act to amend an Act of the
Seventh and Eighth Years ^f Her pre-
sent Majesty, for reducing, under cer-
tain circumstances, the DiJtiea payable
upon Books and Engrftvings.

LIX. An Act to relievo Her Majesty's
Subjects from certain Penal tiea and
Disabilities in regard to Religioua
Opinions.

LX. An Act to exempt from Stamp Duty
Bonds and Warrants to confc«i.H Judg-
ment executed by High Constahles or
Collectors of Grand Jury Cess, or their
Sureties, in Ireland.

LXL An Act to amend an Act of the
Seventh Year of King Gtorcft^ tho
Fourth, for consoUdatlng and amend-
ing the Laws relating to Pnsont in
Irtl4tnd.

T.XII. An Act to abolish Deodands.

LXIIL An Act for granting certain D«*
ties on Sugar and Molasses.

LXIV. An Act to enable Courts of Law
in Ireland to give Relief against ad'
xevm Claims made upon Persons hav-
ing no Interest In the Subject Matter
of such Claims.

LXW An Act to provide for the more
effectual Execution of the Office of a
Justicn of the Peace, and the better
Administration of the Police, within
the Borough of Wolvrrhampion and
certain Pariahes and Places in tho
Neighbourhood thereof, all in tho
County of Stafford.

LXVL An Act to amend tbe laws re-
lating to the Removal of the Poor.

LXV^II. An Act to remove Doubts con-
cerning Citations, and Services and
Execfiition of Diligence, in Scotland.

)8

1846*

Pt VIIL An Act fbr kvt^ 9tm\i^ lli«
Burial Scrrico to ba perfttmed in
One Chapel wb«r« ixiattgiMoi Bnml
GrooiuU aball havt been prorktod for
Two or mtyre Pariatiet or Flaoes.

LXIX. An Act to autboritc until the
Thirtj-drst l^j of Jiify One thousand
eight hundred amd fiirtj-ieTen, and to
the Eod of the then nest Session of
ParUameDt, the Begulatioii of the
Aniittitieft and Premiums of the Na^
▼al Medicai Sopplemeatal Fund So-
eirtf.

iXX. An Aet to ameiid the Aet to &ci-
litwte the IndoMit and ImproTement
of OrwiimBt

UCXL An Aet. to amend an Act of the
preiBBt Seaiion« intituled An Aci to
0mAmw Grtfnd Juries in Iretaod, ai
dm ^primg Auizt* of the preteni TaoTt

. S^mtma ; Immmpowcr «u«A S4tn(ms fe
wiak0 J^tetemtrnktmi far Cmmfy Works:
and io prwdde FutttU far ihe Ejeectt-
tum of mich Works ; emd alto io pr&-
Mdf /or Cfc« mBft ptompi F^ifmmi of
CoMnstfCorv /or frorfy undbr Qfm^
fH Pir«9mhmmt$ in Irelaad.
11. As Aot to amend the Act for
BlamBfefl in Iretand, and ior register-
iof inch MarriA^v«<

An Act further to amend the
Act* Ibr the Commatadon of Tithes in
Em^andami Wala.

LXXiV. An Act to eneourafe the Eata-
blishmcnt of Public Baths and Waih.
hoiues.

IXV. An Act to regulate Joint Stock
Banks in Scothttd and IrtLmd,
CXVL An Act for the Abolition of the
exclusire Pririle^ of Trading, or of
regulating Trades, in Cities^ Towna. or
Boroughs in Jretmnd,

XXV* 11* As Act to amend the Acta r^
lating to the Offioea of the House of
Commons,
LXXVin. An Act to authoriae a further
AdTance o^ Mooejr* out of the Con-
■obdated Fund towards defraying the
EsnoDiO of Coontf Worka pffioeoted

for

for emrrying
Fiaherie9» an
Poor.

Cko Fnblio Woitt i
I EmpJoyiDiiit of *

LXXXI. An Act fat regvlalittf the 1
doctioo at the Bank iA Es^icad <
come Tax Dutj in respect of <
Offlces.

LXXXDL Aja Act to maumA an Act if
the preaent SeaeMO fer aothonabf •
Loan frtym the ConaolidaMd Fknltt
the New Zcmhamd Companj.

LXXXUL An A<:c to empower the (
mimenera for the laeue of Lonttil
Public Worka and Fisheries
Loam in Hone j to the Co
of Her Biligesrtj'a Wooda^ in ]
Loana heretoCore autbortaed Iv be fi
in Exehequetr Billa.

LXXXrV. An Act to amend the 1mm
concern tn^ Lunatic Aarlums and tht
Care of Pauper Lanatica io £maim

LXXXV. ^in Act to attthofito uo
nlication of Monej &r the PunooM j
Loans for canyinif on Poblie w orki]
frviemof.

LXXXVI. An Aot to t^xtend and

• solidjite the Powers hitherto exerri
by the Commiasioners of Puhllop
in hdmi^ and to
Conunissioners.

LXXXVtL An Act Ibr prooiotin^
Toluntarjr Establishment in ~^
and certain Cities and T^vrns in
laind of Public Baths and Wj
honaes.

LXXXVnL Ab Act to T^moTc J
as to the Legalitjr of certain
ments of Ecclesiastical Pa

LXXXIX. An Act to eonxintte i
AcU for regulating Turnpike
in IrcUmd notU the Thirty-firvt Ihij'^
Jfthf One thoasand eigiit hundred i
ferty-ierten, and to the End of the l
Session of Parliament,

XC. An Act to preve&l the Use of StiUs
hj unlicensed Peraona.

XCL An Act to continue certain \
Commiteions until the Exhibttiaii i
the Cooimissiona reToking them.

XCII. An Act to proride m the T
ration, Audit* aiid Pr«tentation to Piu
liament of annual Aceonnte of the 1
eeipt and Expenditure of the Kavi
and ft&litary Departments,

XCIII, An Act ror eompenaatuig
Families of Persons killed bj Ac
dents.

XCIV. AnActioeoablothe]
of certain BHA
duce or repeal certain Dttiias ol I

PUBL

C U M E N T S.

399

I

XCT. An Act for the raori^ easy IU»-
00 very of Small Dt'bta and Deomada
in EwjUitid,
XCVl. An Act for the more Speedy Re-
moval of eertnin Nuliianeec, and to
enftbte tlio Privy Counetl to nmke Ec-
guktion» fur tbt> Prevontioti of oon-
tagiou» and epidemlo Ditvaaen uatil
i\va Tbirty-tirst Day of Awjufit One
thousand eight hundred and forty-
ftevcn, and to the End of the then noit
Sesftion of Farlinrnent.
XCVIl. An Act to provide for removing
the enlarge of the CoDstahiilary Force
ill InJarid from tbe Counties, jind for
enlarging the Lleftorvo Force ; and to
make further Proviaion for trhc Regu-
latioji and DiKpositiou of the said Con-
■tabiilnry Force.
XCVm, An Act to amend the Law for
reguiadng tbe Hours of recei?ttig and
deUTeruig Goodi and Chatteb a*Pawiu
in Fawnbrokorfl* Shops.
XGIX. Aii Act for consolidating and
amending the Laws renting to Wreck
and Salvage,
C. An Act for the Eegulation of Stc&m
Navigation, and for requiring a«a-goiDg
VeaieU to carry Boate.
CL An Act to autboriio tbe Advance of
Public Money to (^ limited Amount, to
promote the Improvement of Land in
G'reat Britain and Inhnwi by Works
of Drainage.
Cll. An Aot to amend the l*aw» relat-
ing to the Ciastoms.
cm. An Act to make further Proviaion
for the fjrovt'Tnment of the New Zca*
iar^ Isiandf.
CIV. An Act to amend an Act for regu-
lating the Sale of Waste Land belong.^
ing to the Crown In the Annraiitm
Colonies, and to make further Proviaion
for the Management thereof.
CV. An Act for constituting Commu-

Bioncra of liaiiways.
CVL An Act for making preliminary In-
quiriei in certain Caaes of Applica-
tion h for Local Aots.
CVIL An Act to facilitate the Employ-
ment of the Labouring Poor for a limited
Period in the diatreascd Districtfi in
Ircimui,
CVIIL An Act to fkrovide additional
Funds for Loans and Grants for Pub-
lic Works in Ireiand.
CIX, An Act to authorize a further Is^n^
of Money in aid of Public Work* of
acknowledged Utility in poor Districts
b Iftland,
ex. An Act to amend tbe Law relating

to the Valuation of rateable Property
in Ireland.

CXL An Act to amend the Law in fte-
l(tnd as to Ejeciments and Dittresoos,
and a9 to the Occupation of Land*.

CXIL An Act to facilitate and eneourago
the granting of certain Lcasea for
Terms of Years in Irtland.

CXIIL An Act to improve the Ptoceed-
ings in Prohibition, and on WaitB of
Mandaoms in Ireland.

CXIV. An Act for tbo further AiMKid-
ment of an Act of the Sixth Year of
Uer present Mnjestyj for regtUatiog
th« /nVA Fisheries.

CXV. An Act to amend the Lawsaa to
Uiatriut Lunatic Asylumj in htla»d ;
to provide for the Expenso «if the
Maintenance of certain Lunatic Poor
removed from the Biehmond Lunatic
A«ylum, IhiNin, for Want of Boom
therein ; and to provide for the Sala-i|
ries and Expenses incident to tbe Of-
fice of Inspector of Lunaties in Ir^^*
IctMid^

CXVL An Act to apply the Sum of
Eight milltons three hundred and fifty-
six thouaand one Imndred and seventy-
three Pouuda Seventeen Sbillinga and
Eleven-pence out of the GenaoOdatod
Fund, and Monieu in the Ewrhequer,
to the Service of the Year One tbou-
aaml eight btmdred and forty-aix, and
t^ appropriate the Supplies granted in
this Session of Parliament.
OXVII. An Act to authorise the In-
cloMure of certain Lands pumuaut ton
special Report of the Inclosure Com-
missioners for England and Wales,

LOCAL AND PERSONAL

ACTS.

Dc^farrd Puhlic and to he
judkiathf noticed*

i. An Act for lighting with Gas the Town
of Doumikuinck, in the County of
Dmun.

ii. An Act for lighting with Gaa the
Town and Parish of Iiad£liff and the
Towniihip of PUkingtxfn^ or Parts
thereof, in the County Palatine of
lAmmMter.

iii. An Act for better asseasing and col-
lecting the Poor Rates, f Jghting and
Watching and Church llaU^jf, in tbe <
Pansh of AyUtbitryt and the Highway
Itare* m the Township of AyUebury
and Hamlet of WaUon respectively, in
the County o( BmkiH^ham,

400 ANNUAL REGISTER. II

Iv, An Act for jfrwtitiiig more efiToetaft)
Power* for lighting with Gn$ the
Town of Buty and llie Neighbourhood
tliereof, in the P»mh of J^ur;y in the
Countf Palatine of Lancoittr,

V, An Act to eiwt^le the Unit«4 Com-
pAny of Proprietors of tli© ElUsmcre
afid Cheiter CanAl to nu«e a furtber
Sum of Money.

Ti. An Act for huOdinjET a Bridge acroaa
the Ri?er MtdaHVj at Ilocfitittr in the
County of Kcni, with Approaohea
thereto ; for taking down the prsaent
Bridge ; and foramciiding Uie Acts re«
latin g to the &ame.

Tit An Act for repairingf, improving,
and tnaiiitainin^ certain lioads leading:
from the Borough of N^if Woodstoek
to RoUrighi Latir^ and other Roads
eoanecied therewith* in the County of
Ojtfvrd,

Yiii« An Act for lighting; with Gas thc^
Town of ^fidfilfUfti and it» Vicinity, in
the County of LaaeaUer,

ix. An Act for inclosing Lands b tlie
Parish of WiUinghnm In the County
of Caiiihndtjt't and for draining and
euihanktng certain Fen Lands and
Low CfrountlA in the said Parish.

X- An Act to enable the Company of Pro*
prietors of the Mancht*ter and Salfcffd
Waterworks to raiao^a &rther Stun of
Money,

xi. An Act for altering, amendiDg, and
enlarging the Powers and Proviaiona
dt the sereral Acts passed in relation
to the Monkltmd Navigation.

xii. An Act for enahltng the Trustees of
tlie Enfijild CTiOte Road to okake a De-
viation or Alteration of the said Koad
from a Point near the Sixteenth Mile-
stone in the Parish of Nitrth Mim* to
the Town of Hatfield in the County ©f
IhrtfortL

xiii. An Act for constructing a Wet
Dock and other Works on the South
Side of the Hirer Wear at Stmd&rtand-
neftr-ih^'Sea in the County Palatine of
Durhiim.

xiv. Aft Act to amend and enlarge s^me
of the Provisions of the Acta relating
to the Great Wesiervi Railway Com-
pany, and to ooaflrm the Purchase of
certain Railways by the^^^ompany.

XV, An Act for enabli^^^^HMiM{c>»i
Gas Light and Coke^^^^^^Vor-
pomtedbythe T<iMt»r
(to borrow additional
Purposes of the Con

dng a Purchase)
and for other Pur

"1^

litioiMl !

xvi. An Act ffir Jinppc*% iwjf
t^iniiig the Fori Aud jlarhou
leiMbwryh^ in the Caimty of JiMmtah
km.

xrii. Aj» Act tar better »tipp^yt^g vilb
Water the CHj antf NeightNMVheod sf
York.

xviii. An Aet to incorporate the I
of the Moat Honourable and \
ciety of Ancient Brih>nt, i^m
called the WcUh CbaJity School, x
to enable them the better to carry «
their clmritable design f.

xix. An Act for better mipplying »if
Water the Town aod Environe of J
^^n- in the County of I.inc*dn.

XX. An Act for CAtabtishing a Cemvtefy \
at BinniK^ham in the County of (Ttr- J

\xi. An Act to enable tlie Comp
Proprietom of the Gt^MOOm
works to introduce an adaitioii
ply of Water to the City and \
of (Uasgmv.

xxii. An Act for providing an i
Site for rebuilding the Coal ^laHccc i
the City of Londim, and for widiaiinf
the Avenues in the Vieinity th
and for effinrting other Tmprorea
in the said City.

xxiiL An Act for enabling the Paj4i&-
mentary Trustees on the River Cljd^
and Harbour of Gl^u^ow to aeqntrr a |
Portion of the Lands of StotM^rosx and I
adjacent Grounds* and to construct ^
thereon a Wet Dock or Tidal Baain,
with certain additional Wharfs and
other Works.

xxiv. An Act for improving and maiO'
taiuing the Harbour or Port of Jlij^
in the Gomty of Sli^,

XXV. An Act for coustntoting m I
forming neeesaary AppriMiehea t
in the Parish of fF^
in the County qT Somertet.

xxvi. An Act for amending certain Aeti {
of the Forty-third and Fiftieth Yean I
of the Retgii of His late M^je^y King J
G<t>r^c the Third, relating to the Port
and Hnrbour of the Town and County
of the Town of SoufAompCois.

XXV ii. An Aot for establisliing a f«c<ril
Cemetery for the Interment i*f iJie
Dead in the NeighboiiHu^od of the '
Tt»wns of Plifnut^^ DttonpvH^ aod
St^m/hottie^ in the County of Ik- j

xxviii. An Act for altering, i ^

and enlarging the eeTenl Aot» f»*
Uting to the Improvement of JMan-

I

of Ojttont m the
~€ht§Ur,

xxix. An Aet for Imprortog the B(»rougb
of L*iesite§\

XXX, An Act lor parinp^ lipihtlng, watch-
ing, wateriug^, f'leaiising, regulating,
nDfJ otherwise improving the Town ot*
Southport in tlio County Pnlatinu of
Lntir-iifter^ tinct for estah]i«hingf and
rvguintiu^ a Markvt nud 5Lirkot
Places therein.

xxxi. All Aet for extending the TJjniU
of tho Burgh of Nffntslrttrtjh in Ibo
County of DuuU*arton, for lighting, and
tlcani^ing the earue, for ostaliUe:hing i\
Police therein, and for other Purpo»c«
relating thereto.

xx\ii, An Aet to ereet and eonjttitute the
Paris hiM of Otd and XfW Mtmktmitf,
iind Parts of the Pariaheii ot Bot/titmil
aiid Shottj, in the County of Lantxrl',
into One Police DistricI, for tho Eata-
hllahnient of an eftieit'nt PoLiee Force
thfirein. and for other Purposes relat-
ing thereto t

xxxiii. Au Act for iti corf nura ting tlio
GmiffSfud and MUttm Wtiterworks
Company, atul for more <'ffeetunlly ?iu|>-
plyin;; the Inhnliitant)^ of the Town
mid Pnri«hc« of Gntvesttul and Miltftn-
fi'st-Gf^ivfirtui und the Pjiiigh of
Northjieet lo the County of Ket^t with
Water.

xxxir. Ao Act for j^mtiting tiior© cffec-
ta»l Powem for supplying? with Water
the Town of Sttrtj, and the several
Townships of U^'tfuKveffiH^fottShuttk-
v'orih. Boy, and /'7/6^*,:»ll in the Pa-
rish of Bury in the County PaJatute of
Lmieatirr,

XXX T. An Act to amend the Pi^ virions
of Two several Act* pa»»ed in tho
Third ATiid Eighth Years of llis Mnjeity
V'. ''' the Pourth, for supplying

r tse Town of Ziiv r/wn^f tknti
i;.,,.„,„..,^ and Tf^xhth Pari- in tho
Cotmty PalatiiiiR of L'yuratftrr,

xxxvi. An Act for better sojiplyiiiff with
Water the Town and Borough of Sntt'
dttlm^i^ and the Ncifjfhbourhood there-
of, in th<» County at Durhmn,

XXXV it. An Act for b<ntcr supplying with
(ias the Town and Borough itf Siuulrf-
tiiwi, tttjd tlK» Nei;rhbourhood thereof,
rti i!»e County of Ihtrfhittu

xxxviii. An Act for incorjxjniting the
RfMerkam Ga« Light and Coke Com-
pftny, and for better iupjdying the Pa-
rish of Roth^^ham in the We!»t Riding
of the County of Yorl: with G&i.

xxxix. An Act to enable the Bihimv Oaa

Vol. LXXXVIII,

light and Coke ConipAny to light with
Ga4 the Town of Biiikm, n^d certain
other To wni 111 ps, Parishes, and Phioei^
in the County of Siaforti,
il. An Act for better supplying with Gms
the Townshipe of Bilum with Harro-
gai^ and Pminal^ and oertain Ptfti
of the Townshipfl of Ktuireibortmfh
and Scrivin with Tti\tcr^ate, adjacent
thereto or intermixed therewith, all in
tho West liidiug of the County of

xli. An Act for constructing and main-
taining an Arcade between Ar^U
Strtft and Grcnt ilydc St4^^ in the
City of Gitu&ow, to be mlled ** The
Um&n Aream,** and for altering the
Site of an inletidcd Foot Pasaenger
Bridge JU*ro&4 the Clyde at Gloi^ow,

xUi. An Aet for the better and more ef-
fectual ascertaining. aaacasLng, collect*
ing, and levying the Poor Rate, and all
other Rate* and AeMsements, in tbe
J^iirish of C'lrfihahon in the County of
tSuri'^ij, and for the bett^^r Management
of the Busineea and AHairti of the said
Parish ; and for other Purpo&et rent-
ing ther*'to.

xliii. An Aet to incorporate the Menu-
hers of the Iu«litution called " Th*^
Royal Asylum of tlie MSaint Auti'e So-
ciety," and to enable them the better
to carry on their charitable rVslgtis.

xliv. An Act for fomung and regulating
*'Tho fcllectrio Telegraph CompAoy/*
and to enable tho 8»id Compuiy to
work certain Letters Patent.

xlr. An Act for incorporating the " Cn^
Udanian Insurance Company ;" for
efiabting the aaid Company to sue and
be aii«d, to tsike nnd lo hold Pro[ierty ;
for con Arming the Rules and Regular
tionj of tho said Company ; and for
other Purfjose* reUlin,!; tbcreio.

xlvi An Act for inaintntning the Road
from iHiiiihun in tho County of //a^i-
din/fton, through Greenhiw in the
County of Bn-vAcl', to Cmtdiill in the
County of Dur/^im, with Branehei
from dr/rae Mill through Lnudtr^
from Ofatuje Latt^ to Siinnfim^ and
from Cofdittram to MomU PUanxnt^
all ill tho County of Bfmlck ; and for
maintaining the Uridine over the Rivet*
T\v*'td at Cnldttrtam>

xWii. Au Act to enlarge the Term and
Powere of an Act made in the ^ixtb
Year of the lleig-n of IIib Majetty
King G^-oi'tji' the Fourth, for r«»pniring
and maintaining the Ro»d from Whit€'
luit-n, upon the Turnpike Road from

2 D

402 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

onghThomyda^ and tfeitruiher to
keiet^ upon the Turnpike Road from
^Grtenhw to Dunstt aU in the County
of Bentfici.

xlviii. An Act to dter, Amend, and en-
large the Powers and Provuions of an
Aot passed in ibe Second and Third
^ears of the Reign of Her present
' sty, intituled An Act for main-
ttining and regukUing the Market in
PariMk of Sldoioiitli m ike Cmnty
■ Deton,
An Acl for more effbctimlljr supply-
ing Water to the Inhabitants of the
Town of Baitofi, and sereral Townshipa
and Pbiees adjoining or near tb«reio, in
tlie Countf of Lancaster.

1. An Act for the better supplying with
Gaa the Royal Burgh of Dumtte, Sub<
urbs thereof, and Places adja<!ent, in
the County of Forfar.

U, An Act to auihorixe certain Altera*
tioiks in the Line of the Sjftton and
reierh(frougk Branch of the Midland
Railway, and the Formation of certAin
other Branch Railways in connection
therewith.

liL An Act for making a Railway from
MaidaHf throngh IVitham^ to Btaintree^
all in the County of Essex.

liii. An Act for making a llailwaj from
the Eastern. Union Railway in the Pa-
rish of Beniiey to the Town of Had-
ieigh, all in the County of Sitjldk, to
be called *' The En$U*n% Umon and
Uadteigh Jundion Railway."

liv. An Act for making a Branch Rail-
way from the London and BrightoH Rail-
way to or near to the Town of Ettst
Griiiitead in the Comity of States.

Iv. An Act to enable the South-eattem
Railway Company to make and ntain-
tain a Railway from tho Town of /tyc
to the Mouth of Ri^e Harbour,

Ivi, An Act to enable the South-eaUern
Railway Company to construct an ad-
diiienal Station at Askjorti in thu
County of A'bii/ and for other Pur-
poses.

Ivii. An Act to amend and cnlarire the
Powers of the A< i^ nl W

Editd>urgk^ I^iih, and <
way.

kill. An Act for enabling
and Darfiti^tort Juttdion
pany to make a Itailway
Tkir»k to MnUoti, with
Hemiieif.

\ix. An Aet for enabling ^
AeH/i Midtfind Railway

ejitend the Lino of the jn«% «*<ikl- ]
ermg Railway to or near Ckminatu

Ix. An Act to cnnble the Giatgem, Fm
fey, lkUn%arf%ttck* and ^lyr Railvif C«B-
pany io alter their iJiie new fifwr
nock, aod to m&ke Beandiet to Urn-
wtodt Switilee4y »nd the IHimmmoekmi
Troon Railway.

Ixi. An Act to ame&d the Acts nhtimr
to the Glasgow^ Pmdey, EUmimmteh^ md
Ayr Railway ; aod to authorise Ik
Formation of Brauehes from .
Irvine, and from Irme to the
bour thereof, with a subsidiary Branch
to Perceion Coalworks.

hau An Act to enable the Gktgm,
Pauley, Klimamock^ and Ayr Railway
Company to make jLliranoh from their
Railway near Biair to Slratkamn; and
to amend the Acta relating to fodl
Railway.

Ixiti. An Act for making Railways from
the Brighton, Lewet, and HatiingM Rail>
way to EoMtboume^ to Hatlskam, and to
Seafordjkn^ Newhaven, and eertatn De-
viations from the Line of the said
Railway, all in the County of Susaer,

\xh. An Act to authorize the S^iuih-emt'
em Railway Company to make a Rail-
way from Tunbrid^e IVeiU to join the
litfe and Asftjbrd Extension of the
Brighton^ I..ewetf and Maitingf Rail-
way near HaUings,

Ixv. An Act for enabling the York and
North Midland Railway Company to
make certain Branch Railways in the
East Riding of the County of York;
and fjr other Purposes,

Ixvi. An Act for enabling the York mni
North Midland Railway Company to I
make certain Bi'aneh Railways in the
East Riding of the County of Ym^i
and for other Purposes.

Ixrii. An Act to empower the Londom
and Binmnghttm Railway Company to
make a Branch Railway from Rmgky
to the Sifstan and Pelerbonmgk Rail-
way near Stamfvrd.

ixviii. An Aet for making a Braoeh
Railway from the Brighton and di-
cheder Railway to the Tofm of Uuh-
tiomptoti in the County trf ffiiwrr.

has. An Act for making a Bmneh Rail-
way from the Brighton and CkukeMer
Railway to th«» Town of Ste^ning in U»c
County of Smset.

«t. An Aet to cnahle the EdiMmr^h tftti
CitugowRnW r the

Liny of ihi' I , av

'J;! to ftjrm ........_. ^. ^„^^

frry.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

403

^
^
^

IxSi. An Act for making a Railway from
London to York^ with BraTicbea there-
rrom providing for tho Oonntios of
Hertfbnit Bedfurd, Huntingdon, Norih-
ampioiit Rutland^ Noiimgham, ami the
Three Divisions of the County of lin-
coln R llatlway Ct»mmunicatioii with
Ltmd&n ami York, to be called *• The
Gre^ti Northern Railway."

txxii. An Act to ennhlo the Edinhnvfjh
imd Northern Railway Ooinpany to
purchase the Ferry Acrofls ttio River
Ta%^ between Ftrrij-PorUm-CraiiJ and
Brifttpfitif,

Ixjdi'u An Act to empower the North
BrUith Railway Company toronstnict
certain Branch R:iilwny?i in consiiectioii
with the Havick Brunch of the Nf^rth
British Railway,

Ixxiv. An Act to authorise tlie Construc-
tion of several Branch Rail way a and
other Worki in connection with tho
Norih Sritisii Railway,

IxxT^ An Act to enable the Seottuh Mid-
tatid Junction Railway Company to
make certain Branch Railways; and
to amend the Act relating to such
Railway^

Irxri. An Act for making a Railway
from th(* JCagh'rn dmntirs Railway
at Marks Tntf near Ctdtkeftfr to the
Town of Sttdbttrrf im the County of
Suffolk, and the^ Town of Ilahtead
ID the County of Eii.^iijr, with a Branch
Railway from the Enairrn Union Rail-
way to tlio Nifthe at Cul^h^Mar.

Ixjtvii. An Act for making a Railway
from the Scarboroitfth Branch of the
York and North Midhind Railway at
Norfon nenr Mai tun to tlie Ihidhntj-
ion Branch of the Mult and S<^lhtt Rail-
w»y ttt Oreai Dnfield^ with a Branch
ihoreBrom.

Ixsriii. An Aet to enable the Arhr^Kith
and Forfar Railway Com pan y to r.iisf'
an additional Sum of Money ; ami to
amend the Acts relating to the Com-
pany.

Ixxix. An Act to enable the E*ludmrffh
and Northern Railway Company to
alter their Line of Railway neor to Dy-
4rart, to make a Branch Railway from
Kinnhorn to the Harbour of Pettyt'iir,
and ftrr other purposes relatinj^ to the
said Company.

Itxx. An Act to empower the Maneh*;* ttr
mid Birmiiu^ham Railway C<tmTMiny
to make a liraneh Railway to BvUiwj-
ion.

Ixxjfi, An Aet for making a Railway from
Qloiaoxi* to DuudKirion and LQcfdo-

in&ndt and with Branches to HeUns^
bttrffh and other Places* to be called
*' The Calrdi^nian and DuftdKirtonshire
Junction Railway/'

lxxxii» An Aet for making a Railway
from Oxford to the London atid Bir-
mut^h<tm Railway at Blttchkf in the
County of Bttrkitujham,

Ixxxiii. An Aet for making a Railway
from the CrotfdoH and Epsom Rail-
way at Ep?om to the Town of Forts-
%nont/i^ to be called "The iJirect Lon*
don and PortSffwuth Railway.*'

IxxxiT. An Act for making a Railway
from Harfirastle to join the Manchester
and Birmingham Railway at or near
the Stmdbach Station thereon.

Ixixv. An Act for making a Railway
from the Manthfstrr and Birtmnaham
Railway at Maed^ijidd to tho ^reni
Valky Railway at Cdmch^ with
Branches.

Ixjcxvi. An Act for making a Railway
from the Manchester and Birmingham
Rjiilwny at Macclesfield to join tho
Birmingfutm and Dtrby Line of tho
Midland Railways, with a Branch to
Stoke*iipon - Trent*

Ixxxvii. An Act fur making a Railway
from Belfast to Ihwnimtrick, with
Branchcis to the Towns of Hoitftoaadp
Newtownards, Hangar^ and Bonaghadre,
alt in the County of Doum.

Ixxxviii, An Aet for making a Railway
from Great Grimtlfif by Louth and Al-
foril to Boston, all in the County of
Lincoln^ to he called '* The Eatt Lin-
eolnshire Railway.*'

Ixxxix. An Aet for enabling the York
and North Midhmd Railway Company
to make a moic direet Line of Itail-
way between York and I^'ed^.

xc> An Act for making a Railway, to be
called "The LiverpHMd, Man^tt4r,
OTui Nnvcaifth-njxni- Ttfnfi JrmeHiiQn
Railway/* with a Branch to tho Town
of Hatv^s,

xci. An Act for making a Railway from
the Chetfrr ami Birkenhf'ad Railway
to tho Manchester and Birntingham
Railway, with Branches therefrom, to
be called *' The Birkf tdtcad , Lanca-
ihirr, and Cfu^shire Junction Rail-
way/'

xeii. An Aet for making a Railway from
the Leeds and Bradfonl Extension
Railway to the Lancaster anti Carlisle
Railway, with a diverging Line there'
from to Lancaster^ to be called *' The
Nortli'Westcrn Railway/*

xeiii. An Act for making a Railway from
2 D 2

4

40i

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1$46.

the Line of tho SytUm wui Peier-
htfroH^ Railway in the Parish of He^
Mmite^ Dear to the Town of Stamford^
to the Line of the Wubeek Branch of
the Ljfnn and £7if Railway at or near
to the Town of WubuM to he called
'*The Basim, SUMMufard^ a»d Bir-
wuHpham Railway."
adr. An Act ior iiuproTinff and main-
taining the llarbour of Port Ellen in
the County of .(li^//.
xcT. An Act lor enabling the StmeoMile
and DarlingiOH JumetUm Railway
Company to make a Railway finom the
Line of the Grtat Xorik of Etk^ioMd
Railway to or near to BtinmMrid^.
xcTi. An Act for enabling the Ne^catti^
and Darlimgi<M JumctUm Railway
Company to make a Railway from the
Liikp of the Greai North of Englamd
Railway to B^daU.
zctU. An Act to empower the EaUern
Univm Railway Compaoy to complete
the Easlgrn Ctuon Railway firom the
Jnnction thereof with the Line of the
RuUm CottmtUs Railway at ArdUigh
to Colckett^r.
xcTiii. An Act for making certain new
Lines and Deviations in the Line of the
Great Grinub^ and Sh^jield JiiMction
Railway, and for conttructing a
Rranch therefrom to the Town of
Oiutt.fr, all in the Parts of LiwUey in
the County of L«nc4*/.i.
zcix. An Act for enabling the GrMt
Gritusbv and Shfjj^fd Jtmction Rail-
way Company to make an Extension
from the M'lrk't Ratfn Branch from
the Gnat Grimti>%f and Sht field Junc-
tion Railway to communicate with the
City of Lincoln, and also a Branch to
tho* Town of BartOH-upon-JJukiUr,
and other Work* connected thero-
with.
c. An Act to authoriie the Great (rn'i/u*-
fy Oiui Shcjficfd Junction Railway
ComiKiny to make an Extension from
their Line of Railway in the Parish of
Bote in the County of Sottinj/ham^ to
the Town of ycu-ark-upon- Trent in the
same County.
ei. An .\ct for esUWishing a Steam Com-
munication aeroj^ ♦*»* River Htunbcr
in connection - "< Grimi$hif

-'^>"'' Xi^k^

•Uway

eii. An Act t'
Railway Coi

from F^ 1

Sution of t

a Branch in

itt. An Aetft

Cro*9

' and

UiBtu^JPoriMmm^Oarm^f^jmiBmf-
head, to be oalfed ^ Thm GrwaiX^
of Seodamd Rnavaj."
ciT. An Act to maahU thm B^kdkttg
Railway CompMiy to inprvvt the
Gange of their Aula.

CT. An A«t fiir jnakiiv a Bailwaj Cmh-
munication betireen tha Ci^ ii JH^
iWand the propoaad SmA Wak$ Rail-
way in ihtt Coaaty of IfwMiiii, with
a Braaeh Railway than ftiii

ctL An Aot for amendiag mm Ant fumi
in the Thirtieth Tear of tha Ri«a
of HU Into Majeety Kinf GWyr tht
Third, for making and wiaraiiii£
a aarigable CommaiiieatiMi hctvesa
StmmmmhH and Jfmmck ia the Covaty
o( Suffolk, so as to •aaUa tht Tkas-
iees of suoh Aet to laasa the ssad
Narigatioa ; aad for ocbtr Pipesci
conneeted therawith.

ctU. An Act to enable tlie Mkwmmmn
Railway Company to make a Railway
to BwvufmUumm, with Btmaches to
the EihdniFih •md Gia^om BaUway.

criii. An Aot for making a Pier frMi the
Common Hard at the Eastemar iWfs-
wunUh Side of the Harbour of Fsrt»-
mnuh in the Parish of PorUm in the
County of Smihmmpiott.

eix. An Aet for enabling the Traalees
of the iMTfnol Docks to eonstmct ad-
ditional Wet Docks and other Works
and to raise a forther Sum of Money :
and for extonding and amending the
Acts relating to the Doeka and Har-
bour o( LiwerpmU.

ex. An Act for constroeting Doeks and
other Works at CMe Ikmn in the
County of Northumberlmnd, and in the
Borough and County of KrwcMilf
u/on.Tyne, to be caUcd " The AW«h
umberlamd Doeks.'*

cxi. An Act for better aopplyiBg with
Water the Inhabitants of the City of
Lincoln, and certain Parishes and
Places adjacent thereto in the County
of Lincoln,

cxii. An Aet for the better mpplying
with Water the Town and Borovgh of
ITcrnaglOM, or Parts thereof, in the
Counties of Lmmaitter and ChaUr,
and the Townships of Latd^ad and
jipjilctim in the last-mentioned County.

exiii. An Act for su|^ying with Water
the UamUu or PhMses of High and
Low Harrogate in the aeyeral Town-
ships of KnaretboroHgk^ Pttnnal BiUon-
wkh'Harrogmte, and Scriven-mth^Tm-'
t^rgtue, kt the Pviahn •f Xm

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

MS

I

rovgk And Panntd, in tho W«8t Riding
of tho Ctmnty of York,

cxiv. An Act for better supp]3ring^ with
Gaa the Town iind Borougli of Staffard,
ftnd the severai Parialies and Town-
iibipa of Smnt Mmy »nd Saini Chad
in Stfiffhrdy Cattle Churchy Iiiti4on and
CWan, and TiittngUmt all in the Cotuitj
ofSiaford.

cxr. All Act for lighting with Gas and
supplying with Water the Town of
ffarlle/HMit nrtd the NeJghbourhocKl
there<»f in the County ofBurkam,

e%wL An Act for hotc«r tnpjpljring with
Gas aiui W.itur the Town and Paiijth
of Kendal in the County of fTciliviorf-
land.

cxvii. An Act for lighting with Qaa tho
PiiriMh »nd Bon^ugh oH Great Orimt-
by in tho County of Lincoifg,

cJtviii, An Act for snpfdying and ligbting
the Town of HamiUon and FIamb Ad«
jacont thereto with Uas.

cxiac. An Act for better paring, lighting,
eleanning, reguluting, and inipfoving
the Town of BHttw^ in the County
Piilatiiic of Lancaster, :vnd for iwltcr
«applyiugtho Inhabitants thereof with
Water,

e%x. An Act to alter, amt^nd, nnd en-
large the Powers and rrovision* of
•n Aet passed in the First Yrar of
119 K&\ffn of Her present Majesty*
inllltited Wrt jict to embk the Mayor,
jtklenmn, and Burgetset i^lhe B^fnmgh
of Liverpool to open tmd wkten certain^
SireeiM nnd Ptaeti, and otherwise to im-
jtrovc the »fime f ami lo ennhie the taid
Mayor ^ Aldermen ^ and Bnr^e$te$ to op*
jrr&priate certain Laitd.*^ Teucfneftt$^ond
Jf^rediiomefita ftnr jmblk Furposi'Mt and
also to erect public Bmldmgt,

cxxi. An Act ft^r lighting with Ga« llw
Bofough of NeitKattle-ulwn^Ti/ae^ and
4bv Tarying and eiiteiiding tho Powers
of Che Jievprnl Act* for regulating and
im proving tlie Niid Borough.

cxaui. An Act for paving the Fool ways
fa the Town of Siitin^bourne in tho
Parfsli lyf Siitiftghoumei in the County
of Kejit. nnd for lighting the Streets.
and for tho KemOTal nnd FroTention
of Nui*ancc9 and Annoyanceii within
the Kiid Parish.

cjniili. An Act for widening, altering,
and improving certain Streets within
the City of Yorkt and for other Pnr-
potea.

cxxir. An Act for pacing, eleanslng,
draining, and improring the Town
of Bron^sgnwe, for 4»pening a new

Street therein and in tlio Parish of
Stoke Prior, iHrth in the County of
Worcester, nod tor the better n^^esaing
and collecting the Poor. Churoh, and
Highway Rates within tho Parish of
Bromtgrotre.

Qj.%y. An Act hv regulating the Re-
pair and Maintenanoe of the Roads
nn^ Streets within the Town of Leilh^
and the Aaaessments payable in retpeot
thereof.

cxxYi. An Act for more effeotually ro-
gnlnting Iho Sittfurd ICundred Conrt,
for extending the Juri«diftJon and
Powers of the said Court, and for
citahlishing and constituting it a« a
Court of ELocord.

cxxTii. An Act for the Tmprovenieiit of
tho Sewerage and Draiiutge of the Bo-
rough of Lttftrpool, and for making
further Provision.*! ftir tin* sanatory
Regulation of the !«iid Borough.

C3U(viii« An Act for inriproving tho Drain-
age of tho Valleys of the Rye and
Derweni in tins North and East Ridings
of Ihe County of Tor*.

C3nrix, An Act for making a Railway
from Ereter to Exmouth, to be railed
*' The Exeter artd Ermauth Railway/*

cxx\. An Act for making a Railway
from tho Pollock nnd Gornn Railway
to the River Ch/de and llarbonr of
Glasgow, with BninchcR, to he called
"The General Terminui and Glasgow
Harbmir Railway.'*

exjxi. An Act for amending the Aelii
relating to the London and Sautk^
Krifcm Railway Conipny ; and to
anthoriie the said Company to enter
into Contract* and to complete Ar-
rangenientsi with eeriain other Rail-
way Companies.

cx.incii. An Act for enabling the No^hik
Railwny Company to purchase or Jease
the Lmoeftt^ Railway, Harbour, and
Navigation.

cJtX3ciii. An Act to enahle the Dundee
and Arbroath Railway Company to
make a Railway from their Line at
Broughty to B f eighty Ferry Coitle^
and another R^iilway from tlieir Line
at Geordies Bum to the Arbroath and
Ffirfar Railway at Almerieclou*

c^\iL\Y. Au Aet for making a Railway
from Klfdart tO Atford, to be called
" The Atford Valley Railway."

cxnrv. An Act for making a Railway
from Dye* to rraserhurjih, with a
branch to Piterkead, to b«* railed " Tlio
Great North of Scotland {Sastem En-
tention) Railway."

I

e&zscti. Aa Act to enable the Etlin-
fricr^A and Northern Railwmy Company
to extend Ui^ir Line of RailwA^^ from
Cupftr to XtWjKrrt,

cxxsrii. An Act for nutkiDg & BAilway
from the Town of Oban to Crianla-
Hch, in the County of Pa^h, with a
Brnnch to Lochlomond^ to be c^iUed
'* The Scoitiih Uratid Jmiclion Rail-
way/'

cxxjtviii. An Act to enablo the Editt'
burgh and Northern Railway Com-
pany to m&k« a Railway from thoir
Line at Thonvion K» Lhin/cnnUnr,

oxxxix. An Act to enahU- the Edin-
burgh atui Northern Railway Com-
pany to make a Railway from AW-
Imrgh to the SrA*ttith Cetttral Rail-
way at HiUt/n.

cxl. An Act to enable tbe Oreint Lein^
#J!rfr <ind Mttnster Railway Company
to exUMtd their Railway to Clou-
. mel,

e%ii. An Act formaking a Railway Irom
and out of the Gtatgow, Barrhead,
and NtiUti^n Direct Railway near to
Follokthaivt to the Town of Strat-
htiVffn,

cxJii. An Act to enable the Olas^<H»,
Barrhead, tfikd NeiUton Direct Rail-
way Company t« make Branch Rail-
ways to TJwrrdi^nk and Hmae-
hill ; and to amend the Act relating
to such Railway,

cJdiiJ* An Act to enahln the Glanjow^
PaieUy, and Greenock Railway Com-
pany to make u Bntnch Railway to
the River ami Frith of Cltfde at or
near Grecm^ck, and a Tier or Wharf
in connection therewith.

cilir. An Act for extending tho Time
ibr taking Lands, and for completing
the Undertaking tilled *'The Thames
MovfnDock and Railway/' authoriied
to be nifidc hy Two Act* passed in
ihe Serenth Year of the Roign of His
late Majesty^ and the Sixth Year of
the Reign of Her present Majesty,

<»lv. An Act to enable the Bridge-
twiter ami TanntoH Canal Company
to make a Railway^ from Bridge HKiter
to the Bristol Chiinncl at or n*'ar
Stolfvrd in the County of Somcr*€t,

with Branches thei'efrnr^
a Unrbour al or nea

cxlvi. An Act for coi
Walls, Warehouses,
at Ti^tcth Park' ii
LanctiMicr, to be ca?
laneum Bocks/'

cslvii. An Act to auti

■••1**1

tho M&fdhtnd Xnvifalaon to tli*C«»'
panv of !'• -'^-'i-^tort of tlie /brrt «4
Chtile

cxlfili. Af r Diaking a BmIwit

from tho Ik>f4iiijeh nf ti>rk throofh
Biuckntck to the Town of P^u^^
Weft,

cxlix. An Aot to enable tbe Leedt «^

Xh- 'i' W^lvray CoillJMUlf tO m1(CA

R rn Nmtkti^rtm to tte

cL An Aet t« cimbte the S^dtiik Cm-
tral Railway Cempoity to wifce i
Branch Railway by AU^a Ferry t»
Tiliiamitrit.

cli. An Act to etiable tbe
Railway Company to make
Railways to Bathpatr and

dii. An Act to empower the LoMribii«a^
Birmingham Railway Compftoy lo e]t<
large their Stations in Li^mdtm ; anii
for other PurpoKca.

eliiL An Act for cm&bUn; the Luds
and Think Railway CompoAy to toMkie
certain Deviations in tb« Lkn» oit the
Saint HeUfiM Bnwch of ibe nid Bail-
way.

ellv. An Act to enable tbe Leedi ^mi
Thirak Railway Company to alter and
extend the Line of Part of their Rail-
way : and fur other Purposes.

civ. An Act for niakifnr ^ R.^iiwmy frooi
or near the AnUn ' n of the

Midfand Railway. .WltV^

A<iM», to Sfjoldiitg iiLtid Ut/tUm^ with
Branches therefrom, and fi^ir enabling
the Company to purchaso tbe AoC-
tingham and GraiUham, Canala.

clvi. An Act to empower the Midkutd
Railway Company to make several
Branches from the ErewoMk VaUty
Railway.

clvii. An Act to empower the Mtdiamd
Railway Company to make a Railway
from tito Midhitkd Railway at C7dy
Vr\*$M to join the NitUingihckm amd
Lincoln Railway, with Bmncbcw,

clTiii. An Act for making a Railway
from Fenyhill near AbenU^n to
AbuynCf to be called " Tho IMesid^
Railway/'

cltx. Au Act for m.^ing a Railwmyfrooi
(ftf ^;/*-*.— Borrhc^d, -'^ V'-'ffod
Vi ly to the 1 /i/-

m'" 1 1 certain Di ro-

froui« to biL^ called " The (p^Wptnir,
Kilmarnock »nnd Ardro9»an Railway,**
and to pore base the Ardr%*$tfu% Rail-
way and Harbour.

cU. All Act to enable the Wi^tm^Umn,
M^rmn^tide^ and C^mu BaUway

X

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

407

ComiMmj to mnko a Bmueli lu the
CttUdmiian Knilwny*
clxi. All Act to emihle the Wiltfmtoiin,
Mtjnun^tid*', nud Cttituf'Sf RaUwiiy
Cof¥kpatt7 to Linpr<)TO tUeir Line, aud
to toalbe Braucli Rail way it to Slwfftt
And CUmjiy,
obtii. An Act to cnabie the Wihott-
townf Monn»i*jfidet ctwl Coltnas R Ail-
way Company to make a Braueh Rail-
way to the Town oT Batfujate.
ciiiii. An Act to om {power the MidtiDinl
Railway Gompany to make a Railway
from jVufftm/ZwiM* to Mampdd.
clxiv. An ActVor making a Railway from
Kitar€$h</r</wfh to or near to the City
of York, to be called '* The p:<JMt and
West Yifrkthire JunctioH Railway."
dxY. All Act for makiof a Railway
from the fiJtnfewryfc oftd Gh*(n^V' Rail-
way to tbe Seotiish Cadrtil Rjiilwny^
to be callofi '* The ^Stirtiitpshirt Mid^
land Jmietioii ILnilway."
ebtvi, An Act fur making: ■'» Railway
from the Great W*:ji1rm Railway at
Wen Drayim to Utctrid^ in Mid-
dles^,
t'lxvii* An Act for making a Railway

trom Wexford to i'arlmv.
cljtviii. An Act for extending^ and alter-
ing Bonie of the ProviHioini* of the
Acts relating to tlie Great LciiuUr
ami Mamter Railway,
clxii. An Aet to empower the Norfoit
Railway Company to make a Railway
Communication betwwn the IkrfJurm
Branch of the Nttrfofk Railway and
the Towns of Wttt'e and BUtkauy in
the County iyt Svrfolk\
cbx. An Act for making a Railway

from Rt>^it4}nlo Hitchin,
clxxL An Aet for making a Railway
from Reading to Guilifjord and i?<rt-
tfate,
clxxii. An Aet for making a Railway
from Ch^iWrfani to A^ewmarhit *ith
a Bnuicli to Va§r»briii4je.
olxxiii* An Act to enable the L(fnd<m
emd Simth-iveslem Railway Company
to make a Branch liailway to Fam-
htim in the County of ^'^urrt'tj and Al-
ttm in the County of StntthamfAon,
clxxi%\ An Aet to enable the Lowifni
atid South'WesUrii Radway Comnany
to make a Branch Railway to CVicr/-
idy and I^ham in the County ofStir-
rty.
olxxv. An Act to enable the London ami
Simth'weftern Railway Company to
make a Branch liailway to Hampton
CottrtBrid^ in the County of •Siitivy.

clxxvi. Au Act for making a Railway
from the Scottish Central Railway at
Ihtnidanf by Dtmn^ to Cafiandei\ to
b<* ealU'd *' The I}titthfaH€^ lhun4
nn^J Calhmdf'r liailway."

clxjSTii- An Aet for making a Railway
from Slipftm to Ymi\ to Ih3 vaUed
*' The }y%ir/iitil€ Railway."

clxxviii. An Act for making a Kailway
from SftttftJd and Lo§gictnonik Har-
bour to i^Ufitt^ Roikm* and Cntiach
fachi(\ to bo caUed ** TJic Moraymire
Railway/'

cUxix. An Aet to enable tlio MonkUmd
aitd JCirkintitforh Railway Company
to make Branch Railways to Cfni|j^ll
Half and the Ghn^w^ Gantkirk, and
VtMitbrUhh' Railway.

clxxx* An Aet to emible the Scottith
Vvtttrai Railway Company to make a
Bnmch Railway to Iknny in the
County of Stirlimf.

clxxxi. An Aet for making a Railway
from the Yamt Bran eh of the BristAti
and Ej-fter Railway to or towards the
town of Crcwkernr* in the County of
Soittrrsct ; and for aniending tlio Aet«
relating to the Bristi/l atid Extlur
Railway.

clxxxii. An Aet for vesting the Ayfei*
bur^ Railway in the London and Sit*
miiujfham Railway Company.

elxxxiii. An Aet to enable the Sain^
Hfhnu Canal and Railway Company
to make a Railway from the Township
of Eccle»ton to the Township of Giir«'
ton, with Braneht^a therefrom* and
iJocks at Giirtton aforesaid^ aE in the
County of Laiieattfr,

clxxxiv. jVn Act for making a Harbonr
and Docks at Hcifeham on Morecandus
Batj in the County o( Laneantrrt and
a Railway in connection therewith.

clx-xjcw An Act to empower tbe WoA'tf^
ytV/rf » Font^/ract^ and Ooole Railway
Company to make Three several
Branch Rail ways.

clxxjcvi. An Aet for erecting the Town
or Village of Ai-droisan and Placeii
adjacent in the County of Ayr into a
Burgh of Barony ; for paving, light*
tng, and cleansing the same ; for
eatablishing a Police therein ; and for
Other PurpoftCB relating thereto,

clxxxvii. An Act fur enabing the Shrf^
jifld, Aihton nndj'r Lvnc^ and Manm
cheftcr Railway Company to nrovid«
additional Station Room at Skepeh'
and also to make a Branch Railway
to iy}ikinft:hi^ and to purcha»e and
maintain a Branch already made frt>m

406 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

time t* GJMmp; ud for

JkM Acti#caaUe tke^TloMOir,

FlmtUw. «^ GrMmcek RailvaT Cimt-
■■BT i^ mak» m Btaaeh RaflvsT to tbe
/Vflytl «^ a#nm Bailvav ; and to
mmemi %h» Act* rebtnif to tke nid

Isnix. Ab Act to cwble tke ^bwttuA
r^aftrW ftiJMiiT C«apaB7 to make
•stvB lermmal BnacWc and other
Works at tke Cn? of iVr<A.

ar. Am Aet kr makinc a Railvaj
frMi tko £J»a*ojdb «iM# AW€A«ni
EailwaT ai MxriutcX to ./|jt#fnitA<r
KoKinr,wnkaBffaaefctotheig?inHaix/
Work*, to be colled "^ The j&wl o/
JFifV Railw^iT."'

■n.' Ab Art tocnUe tke Sc94tUk Cm-
ftrW Raflvaj Confao? to sake a
Braadi Raavar to OiV/ m the
CovatT ciPfrtk,

■en. Ab Act lor Makiag a Raihraj
froHi the MitmtiteMfr m^ Birmimokam
BaiHraT at OWiotiXr ia the CoBBtr of
Ckestfr to or Bear to the Aimher9at€
StatioB of the MidUmif RailwaT in
the Co«BtT of Dfrifw, to he ealled
*• The -M.ijfcriW'xf^'r, ^Hxt^m^ Maii^xt,
mmi Mi<IUmKU Jmmctiam RailwaT."

■eiii. Ab Art for eaablia^ the Grand
Jtmfti^m Ratlvar CompaoT to make a
Bnoeh Liae of RailwaT from Hnyton
to HVrriiigfoN ; and for amendin|r* the
Aets rutins to the said Com-

i DmbHm to Dmtdrmm ami AA-

famhamt^ to be oallod '< The /^itfa.
Jhmdrmm^ amd JUOk/mnikam BaS-

deiT. An Act for making^ a Raflwar
from the Town of Mallote to the Town
of Fcrmoy.

9Eer. An Art for making a RaUwaj
from the CttT or Borongh of Limerick
to the Borough of £fiiit>, with Branches
to the Towns of Clar$ and Kifhloe,
and to join the Or«<tt Sonth^m and
WetUm RailwaT.

esori. An Act to enable the Orfai South-
ern and Wfstem Railwaj Company
to extend their Railway from their
present Terminns in the City of Cork
to the Rirer Lee in the same City.

oatrii. An Act for making a RaUway
from the (irfat Sotifhem and West-
mm Railway at the Townland of Came
or Curra^ane to the ' Hnt-

. melUek.

ozeriii. An Act for c L

way Commnnicatioi
V of Clonmel and tt
taid WeMem Raih
Town of TkuHes.

exeiz. An Act for i

eo. An Act for nuUdii^ b Railway foai
ih8 Town of Medlow to the Town of
EtUamey, to be called <« The £i^
lamey Am^Ham Railway."

eeL An Aot lor making a Railway from
the Gla9ffo>w, Bmrrkemd, and NeOttm
Direct RnUwaj to the Caledmm
Railway.

oeiL An Aot for nuUcJng a Raihnf
fix>m SHriinp to I>im/erwUine, witk
Braneheo to' Tiliiea%tkry and to AUoa
Harhowr, to be called " The SthHm
emdlhu^ermkw Railway."

cciii. Ab Aet to enable the MkOand
Railway CompaBy to make a Railway
from BMrUm^9^Hm-7Veni to Nuneaton,
with Branehee, and to pordiaae the
AMy^de4a-Zaueik Cniad.

cciT. An Act to oonsolidate the Lamd4m
mnd Birmin^heun 6h\md Jwnetim,
and Memekeiter and Birminj^kam Rail-
way Companies.

ccT. An Act to enable the Eastern
Counties Raflway Company to make
a Railway from Epmn^ to a Point of
Janetion with the Voicketier Line of
the Eastern Counties Railway at or
near the Bford Station thereon.

ccTi. An Act to enable the Wi^kaw
and Coitnets Railway Ccrnpaoy to
make a Branch Railway from tbo
Wishaw and Cdtness Railway to
Murdieston, with a Branch to Ooodock-
hiU.

ccTii. An Act for enabling the Xew-
eastU and Berwick Railway Company
to make a certain Branch RaUway in
the Connty of NorlhumbeHand.

ecTiii. An Act for making a Railway and
Branch Railway, to be called "The
Waterford, Wex/crd, Wickl<mf, and
Dublin Railway.''

ccix. An Act for makingand maintain-
in£ a RaUway from Templtmare to
Nenagh,
OCX. An Act to enable the Midiand
Great Western RaUway of Ireland
Company to make a Deviation in the
authorized Line of the said RaUway,
and also a Branch RaUway to the
Rircr Lifey.
eoxi. An Act to enable the Kilmamoek
. antl Troon Railway Company to let
on Lease their RaUway to the Glas-
gow, Paisley, Kilmamoek, and Avr
Railway Company ; and to anthoriVe
the said Glasgow, Paisky, JGhnar^

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS,

409

I
I

♦lodb €md A^ RAltway Company to
alt-er PjiPts of the said Kifmamoek
itrui Trfhju Rnilwa?, and to constmct
oertnln Bnincli RjiUways in cotrnoc'
ticio thert'mth.

oexii. An Act for empowering thi* WftJtf^
fields Pantcfraci, ajut Qooie Rjiilwny
Company to conatruet a Jetty and
other Works, and to provide n Station,
Coal Stakhs^ Andoiher Convenioii<*9,
at the Port of Gfx^h ; an<! for other
Purposes relating t<) the said Port.

Cfljriii. An Act for extending the Litio
of the IhtHtlin and Kinaitcwn Rail-
way to the Bridije of Hraif in tlm
County of DuhNn,

ecxlf. An Act Ui provide for tHe Re-
wfcir of tho Parish Charch of Smith
L^ik ID the County of E'Hnhunjh, and
for the Administration of tin? Pro*
perty and Rjtjvenuesi thereof; to alitor
tbo oxistinj Mode of electing a Mi-
nifft^r to the Second Charjefe of tlie
said Church and Parish; to eonftrm
the Procfpedinp of the Ilt'titora of tho
»aid rarinh relating to the Purchase
of A suitable Hou»e as a Miin**e ; and
to etfoot othop Objoctfl in connection
with the said Church and Pan>*h,

oeiv. An Act to erifiblc tlie Chynf Canal
Company to convert into a Railway
th© Portion of th<* Vhani Can:il from
Vrfffh Sniut yftrhiid lo nminst^r, all
if) tbe Connty of Sitmcrjfff.

ecxvi. An Act for lighting with Gtia
the Town and Borough of Sh^kton
and other IMaeea iis tlie Counties of
pttrhftm afiti York.

cexrii. An Act fnr better «iipplying with
Gaa tho City of Worr^ffrr and tho
Siiburh* thereof.

eoxviii. An Aet for regulrtttnjr the Mnr-
Iteti and Fairs in the Ho rough und
Town of YfOifil in the County of

««xix. An Act for provkliiig Market
Places and for regulating the Markets
And Fiiirs in th« Borough of Mai%-
€hf9i$r in the County Palatine of Lan-

eeix- An Aet for more effectunlly sup-
plying with Wntnr the t'ity of BftJth,
and several Parishes and Place* ad-
J»<!ent then*lo.

te%x\. An Act for better supplying with
Watvr the Town and Br>rough ot J^€W-
part in the Coimty ^i ^f^inmouth.

•exxti. An Aet for iupplyin? with Water
the City of ftrittol and certain Parishes
adjacent thereto in the Cottnties of
Ohnc^^tfT and ihrf^rrt^t.

©03Ddii. An Aet to around th« Acts relat-
ing to the Withaut Navigation, and to
reduoo tho Tolls on tho^ said Naviga-
tion,

oexxjF. An Act to enable the Midhnd
Great Wf:fttrn Railway of Irrf^md
Company to make a Railway ^om
Mtdlirufdr to Atkhtie,

pcxxv. An Act for better assessing und
colloeting the Poor Kates, Highway
Rates, Borough Rates, Cnunty liatos,
Lighting, Watching, and Cleansing
Elites, and all other Parochial liates.
on small Tenements, in the Parish of
Aitrmjitxfa Bhumufh^tm in the County
of Warwick,

cexxvi. An Act for better rfttiing and
more securely constituting tho Fund
for the Relief of Widows and Chil-
dren of Burgh and Parocliial School-
masters in Scotland.

ccxxtii. An Act for more eflfeetwally
maintaining and repainng certain
Roada in the Counties of Banff, Aher^
d^rn, and Klmn.

cc X X V i i i . A n A et t o enable the Dmidec ami
Prrth Railway Company to niter theif
Line at hichjra and Li^invfU, and to
extend the same towards the Peniten-
tiary at Perth,

ecxxix. An Act to enable the CaUjdonimi
Railway Comfiany to make Branch
Railways from tho C<t4tl''c<int Branch
of tho Catrfltmian Railway to the
Gh^tjfnv, Oiirftkirkt and ConUnidgt
Railwjty.

ecxxx. An Aet for ennbling the ShfMdd,
Afhton-trnd^r^Li/n*', awl M*inrh€tttt
Railway Conipany to mako Branch
Railwnvfli from or in connection with
their Main Line of Rail wny to WhaWff
Bndfjf and Hmf^dd, to be eallea
**The Whidt'ir Brtdtfe und HatjfiM
Branches/*

ccxxxi. An Act for vesting in the OrUfvi
Jttnction Railway Comtwjuy and tho
Mnn<rhf.'it'>'r and I^edi ILiilwny Com-
pany the N(*rth Unim^ Railway, and
all the Works, Projjcrty, nnd EfiFecta
appertaining thereto.

ecxxxii. An Act for mnkitig a Railway
from Binnimjham to Lkhjidd^ to bo
called " Tho HirmitHfhii»u Lichfcld^
and iWtnchfft^r Railway,**

ecxxxiii. An Aet for making a Railway
from the Orfurti and Bfff^herin/
Jnnc/tnn Railway to Dttthimjham and
Bra^kle^,

ccicxxiv» An Aet to enable the LmvJbn
and Croyfian Railway Company to con-
struct a Branch to Dtptfimi : and

410 ANNUAL REGISTEtl, ISHt

for ABii!iidiag ChB A«li friHiHK to Mek
ecxzxT, An Act W fiWI^ At Jta^

ibe W€mrm0tiik Doek.

An Act li>r makinf % Eiiilvmj
Irom Uie Gr^^U fVe^i^m Radlw^j ait
J^iiilffnAM<l bn Btrkskire to ths Towb
of Bi^ Wyt»mb€ m the Cuont j of

svti. An Act for tnttking a Raihrif
L Johii£toM to tlie Brii^ of HVcr,
with a Unuich to Kitbanhan^ to be
CAtti^d *' Tlic Ayrshire m^d Bridge »/

eexxxriii. An Act for making a Rail-
wny from ji#A(r»ir<<»ii tn the Count r of
Dn*im to join the Sotiik Ikv^n Hail-

ccjucxix* An Act for pxleodio^ tbe line
of the South WnUs EAilwajr, and for
iDaking^ certa-in AU^ratiouji of the mid
lUUirar, and ccFtain Branch Eail-
waja in connectton therewith*

cexl. An Act for making a Railway from
OhtijCf.tUr to the Monm^tiUt ami Here-
fttrd Railway, and to the Sonth WitUg
^Railwajr at Aivre^ Ici bo called " Tbo
GUmtesUr ami iMan Forttt Rail-
way,**

ccxli. An Act for enabling the HnU
and Selby Railway Cunipnny to leniio
and nlwj to lell their Railway to the
Yiftk and SoHh Midland and Man*
rhtttrr nttd LtcfU Railway CompaQics,
or one of tbcni ; lind tu authoriie the
ratting of adtlitioual Money by both or
cither of the b.^tt-mentiooed Companies
for those and otiier Purposes.

coxliL An Act for cnaMing the Ortat
North of Kn^latut Railway Company
to IcAjie and alao to seJ] tJieir liailway
to th<3 NeivcaMtle and DttrNnijtvii
JituHitm Hallway Com[yfiuj ; and to
uutlioi-lzr; the ratiijnj^ of additional
^(uncy by the »aid last-meutiiuned
I'fiinpany for those and other Pur-

coaiiii. An Act for TC^tinif thn f^iceiUr
and SfifomutuftoH E;iilway in t he Miit-
Iftml Rjiilway Com

ccxliv. An Act for ^^^^^Bl^ effect
ci^rtain Arrango^^^^^^^Btt the
Lofuion iuvi ^l^^^^^^^^btway
Company and ttl^^^^^^^^^^jPro-

Nn %'igatioti«. and ^^^^^^^^^l^"*

Powcra to the

panicB.

•p^ Mi^ Amm tm JMfrMir il Hi
rpjwty of iJttwm, wHtk m WnaA i»

cexlvi. Ja Art Ibr mtakm^ a 1Ufi«if

of f itufiwUrr tm CMArvn ' m iht^m
CmttttT F^tmiimt*
cexlriL Am A«( u» mmhmi» tkt wHm-
iof mod emUrgmmem^ of Pan «f tk
Iia» <if tlie r«r^ «mI Smik MOmi
Bjulmy, or tJbe C^maUnfOm mi
MuBteoaBcte of « Rsiiw^ aJjoHi^

cexIfiUL An Aet c« caipowcr Hv l4»>
dm amd mrmmt^mm Bjulv^y C^b*
pttDjto extend ftlisrlJBevt £iwi>f
toit, and fa enlai^re tlteir SMiMU
ac Onfeniry aad i2^^jr/ and Ar olte
Ptirpoves.

ocxlix. An Aet to enalile tk» Cmieiitmiwrn
Raitwajr Company U» dcriale lie Lna
of the said Railway is t^ Vicinity d
CarlUk.

ccL An Act to antlMMiio tke N^r^
Willis Mineral RjuJwmy Gwapnn^ It
make certain Braneben*. nftd alto t»
make a DeTiation in tbetr |mBiul Int
of Railway.

ccli. An Act for tho ConnalidntMB aTllM
Shrtwdttfy^ Oswetirv, amd Ckedfr
JufteiiifH and th« North Wain Mhufi^
Railway Companies.

celii. An Act for authorizing the Sak
of the Guild hrd JuneHan Hail way.
and for enabling the riinihiwii te
iuaint»in the same, ajul to nnkt «ftl
maintain a Railwny therefroai to CAxJ*
almin0^ and firom the Lm^tm m»d
ScnfiA^itfettem Railway lU Farthsm to
Port4tnoHth,

ccliii. An Act for making « Railway
from the Tmtt VaUtu Railway near
Nutienttin to the Midim^i Railway ia
the Parish of Wujvton \t,t.
County of Leict^Ur, t * i <

Coi*^tUry, NuHeaimi, i .
Leietater Railway."

ccliv. An Act to empower the Mid
Railway Company to extend 1
Lino at Birtmn^asn; and for other
Purposes.

eel V. An Act to atithorixe the Purehaw ef
the ikakhnm Caoal by the Midiamd_
Railway C'Ompany.

cclvi. An Act for making a Railway \
connect the SanniUrffitot RaUwa
with i\\*i Sfjuih Walet Hailway,
the Harbour of SauwUrMfoot, and wid
the Town of Tenby, to be called ** Th

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

41 1

li'uhif, SaitntiertfiMft, ami So»fh
Wakt RailvraT ;*' and for other Piir-
po«<es,

oclvii, A A Act to finable the Lancaitti'
and Carlisle Railway Comprtiiy to ex-
tend and enlarge their Station aud
extend tlieir Railway at VarUtie; and
for oih^er Purpcsies,

ccMii. An Aet to enable the J&ttUim
C&unties Railway Cornjinny to enlArgo
their Sutions in Lttmkm and at Strfti-
foni; and for other Purposes.

cciix. An Act for onabliD;| the Huthifr$-
^Idafid Mtin^'heMtir Railway and Canal
Company tm divert their Main Line of
Railway in Hudd^rffi<'hL n^nd to make
a Braneli therefrom nenr CtHtpt'r
Bridtjc in the Tuwiiahip of Hudd^n-

ecu. An Act for making a Railway
from the Orcat Nt^rfh of EtuffanJ
Railway at Think in the >iorth Ridinj^
of yWi-jiAiVt' to tlic Ijonra^ter and
Otrh'sh' Railway at Cftffon In Wfgt-
vimrktnd^ and a Railway from Bishop
Aucktwid in the County of Durham
to the Lanctutrr and Carlintf Railway
at Ttfcti*/ in Wtjtinutrfhnd, to be enlled
'♦ The AWj'Afrni Counticf Union Rail-
way.**

cclxi. An Act for enabling the Grand
Jtmeii&n Railway Cf>nipariy to make
oertftin Braiich Lines of Railway, to
be c&lled *' The Huijton mtd Aston
Branch/' " The IhnffQn, Pracot, mid
Saint lit Una Rraneh/' '* Tho War-
nniflon ami Ftirktide Brnijeh/' and
" The Edtjchill and Hmjton Braneh f '
and for ametidinip; the fonner A eta re-
lating to the said Company.

cebii. An Att, for akeriiig, nm*^mling,
and enlarging thp Powers of tho L*exCe,
I}t!w*bttrif iiwi Manchetier Railway
Act, 1845,, and fnr an thorixing certain
Deriations from the Line and Levels of
the a&id Railway, and for making and
mointaimng certain Branches and ex-
tenstoDJi therefrom.

colxtit. An Aet for making a Rail-
way from OfjUimv to Ait^rie^ with
Branches to the Vf^d^fdah Junctifm
Railway and to MUt JCtid, to l>e called
** The O'l'Ugini', Ainiri*', and ifojut-
latvU Jttncti(m Itailway/'^

ccUiv. An Act for enabling the Xni>
caftle and iMrhntfttm Jmictifnt Rail-
way Company to make certain Bi-auch
Railways in the County of Durham ;
and for other Puqwises.

cclxv. An Act for making a Railway,
with Branches therefrom, in the County

of Lane<uier and Wo»t Riding of tho
County of yor*-, to b« call^ '*The
Blacklmrn^ Cfitheroe and North'
wrsUni Junction RaUwny.*'

ccUtL An Act for making certain
Branches from the Line of the Black,
f/ttrn and Frtiton Railway in the
Cotmty of JLaiieashr ; and for amend*
ing the Acts relating thereto,

oolxviL All Act for nesting in the
Shffietd,A9h(on-m^dcr-Lync,andMatt'
chtit^r Railway Compnnj the Peak
Forest Canal and tho Maechtfi^ld
CojiaL

ccUviii. An Act to amalgamate the
Skejfield, Athton-undt'r-Lifnff and
Manchett^r Railway Company, tho
Shefield and Lincoln$kirt Jmiction,
the Shgfield and LAacolnihire Ex-
Utm<mt and the Oreat Qrimfbtf and
Sht^cfd Railway CompojuQSf and the
Gruiutbxf Dock Company.

celxix. All Act for oonBoiidating the
Ihxdley Canal Navigation with the
Birmtnohim Canal Navigations ; and
for other Purposes.

cclxx. An Act to amend The Eh/ and
JSuntintjdon Railway Act.

cclxxi. An Act to ©nahlc the Company
of Froprii^tors of tho Majwhrttcr^
Bviton and Bfinj Canal Navigation
and Railway to raiiic an additional
Sum of Muney ; and to aineiid the
Acta n?laiing to that Company,

cclxxii. An Act for enabling the Liedt
mid BnidfvT^l Railway Company to
alter the Levels of a Portion of tho
Line of their Railway \\i the Parish
of Bimdfit in the West Riding of the
County of York.

cclxxiii. An Act for widening the Line of
'*Tlic L&n^im mid BfftAwaU Rail-
way ;'* aiid for amending the Acta re-
Inting to the »aid Railway.

cclxxiv. An Aet to authorise the Shrfivt-
Intrif, Otwrtirih ai}d Chcftr^r Jnnctiim
Railway Company to make Railwayi
to Criekhtath and Wtm^ and to raise
a^lditional Capital for thost" Purposes.

ccbsxv. .\ii Act to authoriie the Shrvwa-
f/ttrtf, ihwtgirif, and Cfwitcr JnncHon
ILiilway Company to mak^ an Exten-
sion into Shrtwffmrtf, and certain Al-
terations and Deviations in their Lin«
of Railway.

colxxvi. An Act to enable the East
Lan^a^ftirt' Railway Company to alter
the Line and l*<nelH of such Railway
and lo make Branches therefrom ; and
for other Purptjsea relaling thereto.

cclxxvii. An Act to incorporate the

4

412 AKXrAL K£GI5T£B,lBi6.

ftiajiwr' '.<*invBif^ vnii tb*. JioMMoMP*'

rfizxv^ii. .11 A^ 14 mvtborue ewuuL
AtMTmutm'' B tu- Lok- it up- Ojtrmtt.

«ni« aiiL T' ■ni-sic tM- Av: retaomr

kitvfiH: tlf Ar: reiatxiir tii€T«*
WiT-r.:. -.1 .»•.- u annruL • Tu*. lnm*%ei.

Ar: iMr -*' ant' for Bxakiur « iiju«-
wii« fnrn- tb* riojc IjHVtei amtf hnrt-
hmtr lAum^nt haiiway ir _V<m»V5«i.
will » bran?! titeygft uiii
celj.Tx: Al A*.*: for luatinf a Brvnei!
Kaifvay frtm- tbf J^rmdtm mmd
hrt'>n'f»t KaL^war it tbe Parwii oi

f^r'.'¥d*'li to ,T«i!I. tb»- f>**Hti-V*.'0Crm

Kailwa.T ii. tbi- Parisi of Wtimdav^tfrth

ill ib^ ConxrtT tij SffT^r
wlxr-'i-. Ar Att K» iiMttrparrtP tbc-

/Jt^fHf.ii and Bt^ RjiDwar Ooaxfrnnj

wiiL tu<t Maneit^irtfr ttnd l^fdr Bjui-

way C-<mi}iftt)v.
«eljrxxiii. At: ^tt t-'.' ooTif*olidat» and nniK

tlH* Jjfjhdf'n and Iiri*ihi0m and tb^

|»aut«'f , and tb'.' un4'.'nakiiix> l«elaDruir
V^ il»*-ju.

<9rl XX X) V . Au A «-t for ii i wirpnrat i np tbe
yr*i]trifVijrh *A t)i»f Hh^f^l4 rvwieral
i't'Uii'Uftj ill ib<f Tytrii^bjp uf £>^^.paN
/iUrhtf in the Pari*li of f^/urfieM in
flu' W#fi»t Hidinr of tbe C-ohbtt of
Ytfri, and f«/r <rrtLur;;;iri^ and imjirorinr
the «aid <Vrjji.»t^ry : and for '/tber
l'ur|i<>»*f« <fofiri*f<:t-Md therewith

ri'lixxv. An Ar-t for nuypWmf with
WuU*r th«* Town t}f KUiMfmorir, Snb-
iirhH th«*r«K/f, and I'laoe* adjacent.

f tI x X X V j . A n Af^t for th<? bf.'tt4»r rajiplrinf
with Wftt*»r \\n» Town or Villag« of
/ffifii'tMttl Mn\ I'Uifj'H adjacent thereto
bi ihrt Toiinfy J'alatfno of I^nroHrr.

rnliixvii. Au Act for ^K'tttsr nnpnlying
wirh WiiriT the Town and Pannh of
Chnrifif ill thi* Count f Palatine of
f.iim'iigtn'.

vvUxwUi An Art for Niippljinff with
VViilor Ihn TiiwHN of /liVf /ri> and Coat-
Mt'jf', iiiid IMitc(>N adjacent, in the
t'iMiiir> of l.tiiuirl'.

vu\\\\\\ An Art to (>Tt<Mid the Mnni-
iit|t««l hoiuiditrlt'N of tho City of Ohu-
^*t^v : lo HUMHid tho Arfji r<«latinff to
Ihi fSiluui and Statutn F^liour or the

Fobet i£ TM ma

eczc; At. Aa u* ■liiii :
l*i*MiM— > of ike A0» ftr

eexrii. Am Aer far

ini^ tlM> Port awd Bavfiov- of VW

An Af?T iiv ^tetter ictaac

■■o BnprrvTXBC' "tfcp iMvviiisfc rf ■*■"?
ib tbe Coonrr PhIbziik of liaiM^T-.

BmKii and OmiaiaMee of tke~JU»-

An Act lirir hfltur firliCiBf v^
niprcvrinr the Baroaiii flf l2«^'wi

An Aei far jmriac, hf^iOMt.
tttMuuiig, Mid ndaer^FMe imjiPfviAt tbf
Tpwii of ^^€ith-mmtm-J[!hmrH^ ia tbt
Cimiity of Fohfc. aad Jar WBeriv

aneet ibtavixi.
eeseri. An Avt fcr rt fwlny an Art </
the Pvlmmmt of SrftOamg ^Mwd ia
tbe Szxtii £itiiwiuM fW the Tim ftriia-
ment «f iwxnf WtfKam i36Mi. isti-

nffiopmf U* tkr Pern CI of Imbaftar : and
fw more c4M.'tiiaIlT dnunbii^ and ib-
prormr Land* adjaeent to the Rirer
or Strnm caDed tbe /W* if Imrkaf-
my. in tbe ComitT of Prrtkl

erxeriL .in Aet for better dndninr and
hnpTDTiBp eertaln Low, Marvfar and
Fen Lands Irug between B^vff*i»
Brnrn cpvxf Btntm in the Comity of
L^ncMn, and for fixrtber iaatproTmg tbe
Naripition throng aaeb Lande.

cezeTiii. An Aet tSt amendinf two se-
reral Acts, m^sed respeetiTelj in tbe
Second and Serentb Teara of the
Reign of Her preoent Majestj. for
draining and embankinr certain Lands
in Longh SmUy and Ltmah Foyi^ hi
the Conoties of Dtm^^I ud Le^oi^
d^rry.

ccxcix. An Act for regoUting the Muoi.
dpal Gotemmcnt and Police of the
Rojal Bargh of Rothftav^

coc. An Act for making a iRailwar, to be
called " The South ^fafanUhirr Jnn^
Han Railwnr/' with Bnuiche«.

ccci. An Act wr enabttug the LeedMonA

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

413

Bradf€frd Eoilwiky Compiuif to mukjb
ti Jutietioii Line at Bradford in the
West Riding of the County oi Y^/rk,
*«etii. An Act to unite &nd conaolidatc
the BlacMmm mud Frett4m RaHwaj
Company with tbe EaU Lanauhirt
Railway Cumpftnf.

occiii. An Act &r mAklng a Railway
fro™ Newport to MemuMtm^ nnd
Hertford, with BfftDobM tliifeliron) .

ucciv. An Act for mttkilUf 1 Railway
from Shf^ld to Gam$£onMiffht with
BranehuM.

cccv. All Act to I'nahl^ tlie iL9f>*teAHva«ter»i
Railway Company to make a Railway
from the London and Grevnmch Rail-
way to WiHiiiiich and Graw9md.

cofif L. An Act to euahlo the MaatcJiieiler
ttfui Lfois Railway Ct>nji«By to mmko
SGvertd F^ivnch tin il ways, aiid to su-
iluirizc the AinalfrJiQiation of tht«
Prtston nml Wpe RailwTiy, Ilnrboiir,
ASid Dock Company with the Jftin*
thisto' and Lcffh Raiiwiiy Conn^any.
cccvii. An Act for rimkini? a Railway
from Shrtirgl/itiy U> Wvh'tfhnmfitfmit
with II J 1 ranch, to he culled ** The
Shrewsburtf and Bim^inffhtiim Rail-

^L iw^'viii. An Act for uiHkitijr a Railway
^M from Shreivtbmy to K\J4'rrA(iw»/»f<»ii,
^H to be called " The Shrfw^buty, ^<'^'
^H %*frhau*}'ttm^ and South Sta^vrdthit
^^L Junction Railway,'^
^^hlliis. An Act to empower the I^mdmi
^^r' flMCf liirttdiujlmm liailwiiy i'oin|mny tu
" make a Branch froni the miid Railway

to tlio lili^tu'orlh and Pdit'hijnnujk
BnuMb thereof.
•OOX. An Act to cnahle tUe Btm^khtrn,
J)&rwfnf atid BUton Railway Com-
pany to alter the Line of Part of their
Railway,
C)Mxi« An Aet for enahling the Mid f and
Railway Comj>nijy to alter a Portion
of the JU^'eettrr mul Sumnningion
Railway, and t^J^nakcoertain Bniuohea.
ccexii. An Act Tor Amendlnir the Act
relating to the Livttpfff^ nt^i B^*^*t
Railway ; and for making Branches
therefroni.
ooexiii. An Act to an thorite certain Al-
tenitiousajid Extenaioru of tlio Line of
the Wdtt^ Svmcifsrt, ami Wrftntvttth
Railway,
ceciiv. An Act to oiialile ibe Cakdomfm
Railway Compfttiy to form certain
Branch and Terminal Railways in the
Vteinity of Glof^ow.
«OCXv. An Act lor making KaOwayfl
Birmingham to Woiixrimwfiim

and Ihtdkv, to bo oallad '*Tho Bir-
mitv/hum, Wokwhetfdfntt and PudUy
Railway."
cce^vi. An Act for makinf a Railway
from WaUaU m the County of Sht/itrd
to the Midland Rjiilwayfe nt Wkhnor
Fortjf in Tahtddii, to be eallod *' The
Tr^nt Vaihy, MidiatuU^ and GnHtd
Junction lijiilway.'*
oocxvii. An Aot for BiakiDir a Railway

from the lime of tlie P ^'^ ' /niwr-

n^4i Rttilwaf to J^^; called

*'The Slraihiat^ it* i'iiiM»n^

RaUway.'*
cccxviii. An Act to enable tl^ Lond4fft'
d^TTif and JCnniftdUen Railway Com-
pany to alter aJid i*xteiid the Line of
fiuch Railway, u> make a Rraneh
therefriOJi to the Town of Otnatjh, an<t
\iy amend the Aet relating thereto,
eecxix. An Aet for making a Railway
fit»m the propoBe<l S/uJieid and Lin*
cvhmhffe Junction Railway to the
City of Lityoln,
cccJtx. An Aet to cnahlo the Whthfimt^n
atid FurneSM Junction Railway Com-
|)any to make a Railway in dcviAticni
from their Line of Railway, and to
cimstnirCt an Extension thei'oof to a
Point of Junction with the Wkitc-
haifn Jttnciiim Railway.
ccL^xi. An Act for making* Railway from
Artntvfh to Fotintgh, with Branches
to jCttn*ifihtoivii and liaihjmonrtj,
cccxikii. An Aet ibr mmkinjcf a Railway
from tlie Chetttr and Crew liruuch
of the Grand Jmwtion Railway at
Vtdvtffy to Wolivrftami'ton ; and for
other Piirposcfl connected therevrlth.
eccxxiii. An Aet for making a Railway
from Shrcnrtntnf to Staford^ with a
Branch to Siotu ; and fur other Pur*
poaeH,
cooutiv. An Aet for making a Railway
from N(\Ho\tm in the County of JMotif-
ffomcrtji to CtYvx in the Connty of
Chester, with B nine be* ; and for other
Purpoacft eon Iter ted thiTcwith.
cecxxv. An Act for making a Railway
from Skteu'ifhHr^ to Herrford^ to be
enlicd *• I'ho Shrewtlnify and Mere^
ford Railway."
cccxxvi. An Aet to con»olidato the
Bristtd mid GhociPft^sr and Birnna^
hamawi Ghucftf^ Railway Comjianies
with tlie Midiand Railway Company,
ceexxvii. An Aet to alter and amend the
North Woirt Railway Aet, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-Ave.
oeezxtiii. An Aet for making a Raiiway
from Birmingham to iyWt»»rft<w»p<ipyt,

A

414 ANNUAL REGISTES» 1M6L

aMi t* chfr Cimi JmmtHm Mmtnwm cmxL Ab 4ct ftr ill img m Sa3«Sf

at JEnm AWtMi it the
r IF«raji^ to ifafar Ova

Aa Act ftr 111 iij m RaiviT
eke ^MCft lf«fev RulvsT H «r
M tke TvvB cT A<i^ to JMbr
rodM, vitk Bnmtkt% to ke caM

nxx. Ab Ace 6r amhcmim <^ Sole *- tko r^ie W' AiaiA Railvaf."

of Che Pmim^m^ Smdk SkUdg RoO- cccxiii. Aa Act ftr Mikaf a RaOvaj

to the A>«ov(if «^ DmUm^tm from the Boovvh oT C^etgrmmrik u

Raitwxf CoHponT^. the Tovm oT I&mtw^ oD m th»

Aa Aec to LMfUBii the Ltm- Ombkjt of CmmiiTimm^^ to be oM

d^ Mi ^fwiiii— Roflwa J Com> -^ TW Cwltiimili cm^ IT^nUMM

fOBT to mak/t o Bnaeh Roilwaj from JCvtcmmiM Railwaj.'*'

the Lamdtm ^md Birmimtkiwm Railwoj eccxiia. Ab Act fer imHo|^ o RaaloiT

■cor Cmi^uHrw to tke 'rnnit Foilnr from loouA ^llnt to Xooodl ^i]7.bech

Eoavaj io the Poriak W .VaoMiAm. » the Ciiotj of />iihriBs'to be caDe4

cocxzzii. Am Act §w aiiliog a Bailvaj **The SKfm m»d Skinumm RaflvaT.*

from the FtHmitm^. mtd gftuipw cccxfir. Aa Act ftr niainiUi^ a FSn*

Raihnj to ifcitffcoitf. with Bnochca, at Partbmy ia the Coonty of S^m^-

to be caOca ^' tke £;ii'jiAw«jA «^ j«t, aod fer mifrhi^ a BaOvar ftw

Baikfgaie HaHm^jr \ the same to tke City of .SKiioJL'vJth a

crmfiii .ia Act to eaabie the Smmey Braach RaSwaj mnari tfil thefwitk

Railv^j CoaipoBT to «pU the Jmnim, emir. Ao Act to lairaii the tVirfriiff

Ho aw III, aad ochier Pmpcitt of the ImprovcMcat Acta» and to cxenft the

CiMpany, tofctber with the aoT^aUe Etuiem CmmUuM Railway CoBpasr

Commaniratinn frooi the Dock of the froia certaio Toila thereby'iaipoded. '

Coaipaay to the Rirer J%tau9 at ccexlri. Aa Act to repeal, alter, aad

WfMmtineiHrtk ia the Cooaty of Smrrfw, amend the several Acta relatiae to

aad to diMolre the said Company. BiJlmm^aU Mearkei in tke Cisr of

cccxsxir. An Act to enable the Oia»iimr, Ltmdfm

Gttrmkirk and C*)uAr%tLj>e Railvaj cccxItIL An Act lor Ivrtker aad better

Company to extend the Termjaas o{ soppljinr with Water the Baronj or

their Railwaj in 'Jhxfjoir. Refality <^ GarhaU and pluci adja-

ccexxxT. An Aet &r niakin? a Railwaj cent.

aad other Work» from jPTynoufA to cecxlviiL An Act for taktug certaia

F^amnttiA and ocher Places in the new Street* or Thorooglk&m, and

Comitf of r<Nrmr*i//. to be called "* The widening aad improriag^ certaia other

C^^rmntkdl Railway.*' Streets or Thoronsfa&refi, within the

cecxxxri. An Act ior making a Railvar Town and BoroogbTof SJkifjfMd in the

from the Parv4i of Kiuinm ia the County of York.

Coonty of C^rmtniU to PfMJOikrtr in the cecxlix. An Act for parin*. ligbtinf .

mme Cooaty. with Branches, to be watching* cleansing, regulating, ami

called ^ The H>^ CormraH Railway .** Mherwise improring the Town o( Tun-

ccexxxriL An Aet for BAaking a Railway brid/e WeiU in the Coaatios of Kent

fi^iMi Biru^maJ^OM^ to join the Lines and Sussejr.

of the ^ropi^sed Ojc/Jrd and Uttghjr cccl. .Vn Act to repeal an Act of the

and i>rf*fr^i, WWw^rt^^ ami W^iyrr- Fifty-secoitd Tear of the Reiga of

hampiom Railways, and to be called King Gtorpe the Third, for lighting

^ Tke Birmiugham a»ti Ojcfoni Jtmt- and watching the Road leading from

iMa Railway.'* iWirtiMilon BmtU to the AW# Ekad

ccexxxriii. An Act for makinr a Rail- on the' Ba»(/«irorCA Rood, a^nd other

way into Binmmftkatit > of Places commimicating tberewith, in

the proposed ^rar *> LuBtbttk^ Clapkam, and BaiUrwea in

ford Jmmetiim Railv Stmry: and for making other Pravi-

eecxxxix. An Act to sious for lighting and improving the

chase of the Grenti aid Road, and other plac«9 adjacent

Railwaj aad Can or near thereto.

fOjCmi Ulway Cc ^eeU. An Aet to amead an Aet pasted ia

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

413

»

I

the Fifth Tear of the Reign of Hi*

Atajesty King Oeonjt' the Fourth, for
grantinj^' certain Powers aod Authori-
fctes to UiQ Atittitdum Agricultural
Ccirapafiy.

ecclii. An Act for nrnking a ll,iilway
from the intended ifrtat Norths! rn
Railwft)' in tht* Pnrbhof U/ord in the
County of iVorfhiimpton, to unite with
the Loop Lino of the same Railway in
the Pariiih of Ctttwhtul in IJiiciihi*
thill',

ceeliii. An Act for making a Railway
from Llai^ffytnvifd to Marmimt hy a
Company to boeaUed '* f ho Lhavi
Vallt^ Railway Company,"

cceltv. An Act for makinj^ certain Linea
of Railway in the West Ridinjf of the
County of Y(trk\ to he called " Tlic
Sh^M^ld^ Jioihcrliam^ Bartult^h Wake*
field, Huddenjkld, aud Goitc EaU-
way,"

ooolr. An Act for amending the Act* re-
lating to the Taw TW/.- Railway and
Dock, and tor making an Extensiion
therefrom to tlie ExKk'r and Crcdttvn
Railway in the County of Devon.

ccclvL An Act for making Raiiwayi
from Wigbech to SidiU Ivett and to
Ftnni/ DruvHm, to he called "The
IViitbf^rh, S'litit Ivfs^ and Vatubritlg^
Ju tu:fwn Ra il way . *'

ccclvii. An Act for making a Railway
from the Northr:rn aiuf K^tstcrn Coifti-
ties Railway at Kdtnotkfon to the Town
of Eii/iefd in the Cuunty of Middktf:r.

ceclfiii. An Act for itiakin^ a Railway
from the Midtmid Railway at Star fly
to the Town of Worktop, and for con-
solidating inU> one Undertaking the
Baid proposed Railway and the Canal
Navigation from Chetterfieid to the
River of Trtnt.

ccelii. An Act for making a Railway
from the London (ind Brnmnffhant
Railway to or near to Nai'iffaii0i%
Stfi'H within the IJorowgh of Bir-
mi}yjham.

ccelif. An Act for making a Railway
from Kiikamif to join the Ortai
Souihsm ditd * Western Railway at or
near CuddagK to be called " The
JGU'timti and Great SoalJn>!rn and
Wi^tUni H-!iilway/*

ctN^lxi, An Act for tlie Maintenance of the
Cenieiericjj at Oohhu Itnd4jc und
PrmfKCt in the County of Ihihiin, and
to create a perpetual Succe^siun m tho
governing lioify or Comn^ittee for nm-
naging the Aame.

ccelxii. An Act for making a Ctinal fi^m

the Harbour of Eati TafheH to Weti
Ltwh Tarlnrrt, and other work* in
connection then^with.

ccctxiii. An Act for making a Ship Ca-
nal from Sfujtt Uarbour to Loufjh irili,
hoth in the Counts of Shvu, to bo
called - The Stho Ship Canal/'

ccclxi V . x\ n A ct for enlirgi ng , i m proringf
and maintaining the Itarhoor, Quays^
and Wharf* of i'mnijhrttomn: for sup-
plying with Water, paving, cleansing^
lighting, and watching the said Burgh
and Suburb* thereof: and» for the bet-
ter and more effectual aBiessing, levy-
ing, and collecting the I^dle and other
Dues and Customs of the &aid Burgh.

ccclxv. An Act for further regnlating
the Repair and Maintenance of the
Road», Streets, and Bridges within the
Middle District of the County of Edtn-
huri^ht and the Assessments payable in
respect thereof; and for other Fur-
pose» relating thereto,

ceelxvi. An Act to enable the Special
Cotninissioncrn of the Town of Yroidl
to »ell certain Estates in the Paritih
of Yeovil in the County of Smn'rutt.

ecelxvii. An Act to enable the EnfUrn
Counlics Railway Company to make
Two Braueli Railways from tho IJno
of the AVtf/rj*rt Vmmtu^ awi Thtnpea
JmtctwH Railway, one thereof termi-
nating at t!ie Pepper Warehouaes be-
longing to the Ltist India Dock Com-
pany, and the other terminating by a
Jiknrtion with the Juutcrn ComUiet
Railway.

ccclxviii. An Act for making a Railway
from the London and liirntin<jkatn
Rfiilway in tbe Parish of litttfhff in tin?
County of War met to Lot$mui}to(\
in the County of Wm-wick,

cctdxijc. An Act to authorixo an improve-
ment of tho line of the WcEt I^tuion
Elailwayi and tho Extension thereof to
the River Tftamtf.

eoolxx. An Aet to enablo tho London
ami SoiUhwestrrH Railway Compttny
to make a Railway by mdtchitrch and
AfidoviT to Salisfmry.

cceUxi, An Act for making certain
Hrancli Railways to be connected with
the NeiLjt{>rt and Pofitif^Hxd Railway,
and for ineorfMjratiiig anew Company,
fur <:arrying on the Monmouthshire
Cunal Navigation.

ceelxxii. An Act for making a Railway
from the (Jtasijuw, PaUleit, Kilmar-
tu/rt, and Aftif Railway, near Cum-
wxii\ to the i'ahdoni'Hi Railway near
the crossing of tbe River Sail\ to bo

410 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Carf ' " ' '' • " ' U««.
jclxy Ue8«le

ptvtf of tiM OoHipuj of Pfoptitiors
of the Af^dtmr OumX Hw^i^pttioA.
dixif . An Aet Ibr enibftAlUAg uid re-
^ tlftimiti^ from tb* Sm otrtAin Luida
now uDd«r W*ter or «iibj«et to be
oTcrilowed hj ttie Tide in ibe ELstuiUT-
wr Bjick Slfftnd of TniiPitfrv in Uie
Countj of WiMi^ord*
eUsT. An Act to iDoorponAe tbf ^n'-

' 'i GuAfiyitee Asaocmtion.

tvL Aa Act for imttiiig th« Rectoty

of AoitA iMm with tbo Pcrpctufil

Cumcj of Mm Mmtfrnttt with Saint

Nichdtu in thd Boronsfh of Kind's

p^f^ft, all in the Count 7 of Norfolk.

* ivii. An Act for niakinjE^a iWlfrar
fnan Airdrie to Bath^fit^, with *
Urntwli to Wiiit//urn »rid Bhcktntm, to
Ik? calW " The Airdrut and Baih^
Jtmetion Railwiy.'*

Kviii« An Aoi to iaoomntto the
Oonpttiiy of ProprlHoM of tho JKott-

vifntion and Rail way with the Mtin^
ehtster and Le^dtt lUUway CtmipjiiiT,
•colJuis. An Act to fttnAl|r»niiit« tJie
Pollock and (Jmntn ami Cli^tdaic
Junditm Elailwaj's with HieCaUdo*
nian liailwar.

' «ccixx<. An Act for CQabUng the B^td-
dertfi^id amd Mam^Ur Hail way and
Canftl 0<mipni]f to mmkc a Branch
Railway frrau their Main Lin« of Rail-
way to iJldham.

\met\3aLxi. An Aut for c rSjiilway

ironi the Lixtrrpo^i tailwsy

loibo Nvrth i'mon '-w '^r*4

/Vwfcn* Railways. w r
Irani, to be called /,

OrmMrk, and Prc$toii l;.uiwiiy/''

Eit An At^t to erant c««rt»in Pow-
er'* 1' ' ' '' ."•' ' ' ' ' ■ .-nny,
<HH*Iiv J L>(H*kft

at J;....- ' hv

|#ccixxxi7. .'1 I Mii-

patij of Pro|iriciur« ot' ttiti /\»rtA and
C%d0 NavigatioQ to exti^nd and en-
bwgft the Basin at Bo\vif*u^ Bau. and
lo make and maint,iin
Wor' - "1 ^^--^wtion t)i>
alt. ,d the

the .- - : .- -It ton.

I^oeljjuiir. All Afit for
in^, and ligbting ot

C4m»tf of IVr^
oorijcxxri. Aa Act for railainiiiif Im
•Im Stmt '-''Vit'rhTf airf iMnnil*
Umt SiOIIMm* Swrff iji ihtUbmd
J'iaim f\wnn9 n lii GMatfMito

•odJEzzvti. Ad AetteiAMtiifialiA*
toraiff m PortioA of i&« Bitfittf d
Wea^trd Ul di« Casnty of IFiiM
in ihfloii^ aAd Um £««n«i» ibMf ;

ibr unproriit^ tbo KavumtMBiflb
Rivw- ^&BMy, jukd aUo 1^ Mfi
over the same Rivvr at ornttrtall*
Town of Wtjtford i and Ibr efrtaak-
ing and rooUiminf dirvf* Waatt LniiL
Mud Banka, o<r Slob«, in and mSj^tmt^
f- *' id UariNwrAiid Bliw.aalfti
rpaatu.

cr All Aat C^riMtoakufaiilfw^

elaiming from tb« Sem OMtaia Tipafii
of Land fomting Part of tilt Qmm
£stuat7 eaUed *' The W«l.*'f^ —
tbo oovalies of A'orfeiJt and L

oeclxxxix. An Act fiprendMiBf^
den and CoUctgv of 1^ f '
FiiitlLful Peoplo doo«aaad of t
prant building atid Inifiroiriii^^
tif their <^»t«t4s« lA tbo tkniatfli
dltiex,

C9CXC. An Aot Ibr makiof eertaln tat*
' " ■'' IV in the Wett Riding of I*

! Yt*rl\ to be called "
; .: ...Uiiuj Umon Itailwa^ft."

cccxci. An Act t*> t'nnbJe th«
fiW ^<^eA-tc^/rr>< KailwAy Co
to extend their Railway to the
near Lonfion JiridtHi in Ibi* C<i nitty |
Sumttf,

eecx«ir, An Act for making a RaH«
from the Gla£tfmt\ Pititir^, Kik
nof^, and Ant kail way ncvur tbo I"
of NrwUm to the Town of
with a liranch to tb« Town of J
to be called *■ Th«i OtatfO&Uf \
fa»t Umvii Railway."

cecxciii. An Act to ctnfiowor tlio
ViiU Railnray Company to 1
ct^rUin Bmneb RaUwafa us
Hifmit, and to tuak* AtmagvmvmtM
the Vm of certain Wliarfa adjo&iuiif
the Bw9e Ship C^nal.

eee.\iciv An Act to nxit!
iilAfh -d^n'U^ iitiir *in

in -^ ^'71' 7y«<'. to

Brai! \, <infj for ottu

poiiea connected with thoir \Jtvi
log.

9xeT. An A^t to onablo tbe
[iMoit Railway Company Co dtptj

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

417

I

Uiu portions of the Clydesdale Jnne^
turn Railway.

c^^xevi. An Act for mnkmg: a Railway
from the East mid Weaf Iiuiia Docki
to join the LoiuUm and Sfrmiiufham
Railway ni the Vawd^n Tmim St»-
tion» to Ihj called ** Tim EaH and
Wt'^f h\dia Docks and Sirmiwjham
Ju net ion Rai I w Ay . ' '

ecN:xc%'ii. An Act for makinir a Rfiilway
froiii Ci/rkto Waler/ofd, with Bznucbvs
therefrota,

ccexcTiii. Ad Act to iorcorporate a Com-
pany by tlie Name of "The Metro-
politan Sewage Manure Company."

cccxcix. An Act for the Et^gulation of
the l^goA Quays within the Port of

oocc. An Act to extend l!ie Poweri of
the ComiDiBaionen of Wide Street i,
Ztafflin, to widen and improve certwin
Streets and Fatsages in tbo City atid
Ciiunty ofDtthlin.

cecci. An Act to ftutboriKe the Coustmc-
tiou of a Railway froni Mtift^-y-Mamich
to Mhydtfdrfydd in the County of Gla^
mcrgan, to ha called *' €<fm€nm*9
Coiiibrook St^am Coal atid Swatisot
ajid Lmujihor Railway.'*

ccocii. An Act for authorizing certain
A Iteration 8 in ami Extonsioiift of the
Line of the Smiili Dcvvn Rail way « and
tlve Formation of Branches therefrom
to Torqna^ and otli(»r Places*

TRIVATE ACTS,

Prinfrd % the Queen's Printer,
and whereof the Printed Copies
may he given in evidence,

1, i N Ael for FCBtinff the Real Ewtiitcs
/\ of the Ri^ht Honoumhlfi CharLt

John late Earl of BUsinfon deceased,
in the County and County of the City
ntDidtiin, the City of Killrnny, and
tlie County of Tirrirtif^ in Trufttws for
SalOp for the Payment of hia Debtii ;
and for other Purposes.

2, An Act for sellini? Buch Part# of the
entailed l-inda Jind Estates of Hmi-
priijijt lyinff in the County of Vtiitk-
nrif. belonging to Sir Geor<f€ puntMjr
Bnronot, aa may be neccfijuiry for the
Payment of the Debti and Obligations
affecting or that may he made to affect
the said Lands and Estiktes,

3, An Act to enlarge the Powera of
leaiing the Efttates eompHted in an

Vol. LXXXVIIT.

Act paseed in the Eighth and Ninth
Year* of the Reign of Her pre^^nt
Majesty Qtt^en Victirria, intituleij An
Art to m^/wrize the Sttic *>/ SetlUd
£t(<U€t of th*' Mojit IfonmtrahU tks
Mar<pnfSi of Doiiegall in Ireland, ia
erd^r to pay off Martga^t undvthcr In-
cumhranecjt ; and for otlier Purposes.

i. Ad Act for Testing certain undivided
Sbaret in Estatci devised by the Will
ofJ(^€ph Solly Ktquirc, deeeased, in
TniBteei for Sale ; and for other
Furpofle«.

5. An Act for inclosing, dividing, and
allotting oertaln Lands within the
Manor or Lordship of Goihu, situate
in the several Parishes of Lfanttirdam^
Vynydd, Llan*tnot fJunbi^ttry Llmi~
dewy" YfiradetiHy, Af^f^y Cminhir^ and
Saitit Harmon^ in the County of Rad-
nor.

C. An Act for empowerinjsr tlie Tenants
for Life under the Wilb of Miss Mury
Ckirytmd Adam AjtLtrw Esquire, de-
ceased, and TrusteoH during Minori-
ties, to jjcrant Building Leases ; and
ibr other Purposes.

7. An Act for the EHTision of the Rec-
toi7 of Upwfil eum Wcinry in the
County tif Norfolk and in the hie of
Ely m the Ctvunty of Camhridyf,

B. An Act for dividing, allotting^ lay-
ing in Severalty, inclosing^ and drain-
ing the Open and Comii}»>n FiehJs,
Common Meadows, and other Com-
monable IjLuds and Wnste tiroundu Ui
the Hamlet or Township of Frilfrrd
in the Pariah of >/*in"/w/i»iu the County
i^TBA-rkt.

9. An Act for vcjiting in TmsteeB cer-
tain Hereditaments in the County of
Kad devised by the Will of Henry
I}itulderid4jr Gentleman, to enable
th' ni to carry into execution art
Agreement laetween his Devises in
Trust and Akj-and^^ Jamn B^esford
}im*e Esquire, for the Sale thereof,
and for subjecting the Bank Annuities,
the t'rcnluce of the Purchase Money,
to the name Tnifits,

10, An Act for vesting in Tru!*teos cer-
tain Hereditaments in the County of
Kejti the Estate of Kmma Bedford
Viiiean, a Lunatic, to enable them to
carry into oxeowtion a Treaty between
her Ilusband, Mr. Jotrph Vidraii, and
Al*r^ander Janus Btrfsfvrd Hope E»-
quire, for the S.ile thereof; also lor tay-
tng out the Purchase Money in the
Furehase of Bank Annuities, to be
held as Ri-al Estate in trust for the

4

418

ANNUAL REGISTER, i84«.

•lUtl Kmtna Bedftrrd Vidmn ft^nd Uer

II, An Act for eflbctini* rin Eiichftii|c of
J^Aiidni betwfenthe ArchbUhop of i ork,
th** Earl of CatlUlt^ and Viiooimt

13, Am Act to enable Andrew Wanchoife
^.fqutn% oi Nidtlrie MarischnU^ to up-
lift ccruiti Sume of Money lying in
tUnk, and to be conaigncHl thuroin^
ftftd to borrow upoo the Security of
his ontAiled Estates such further Sutnei
as may be neceitary for flopayme'nt
lo biiD of a Portion of the Monit^a bid
out and to be laid out in the Iniprov**-
merit of the said EiitaCc^.

IS. An Act to Tcat in Trufteea in Feo
Siniplci the entailed Lands of Ualtrti
and others, for the Purpose td' selling
the iJime, und applying the Price in
Payment of Debts which aflfcct or msty
\wt made to nlTect the tamo ; and for
otUur l*ur[H»ses conm*eted therewith.

14, An Act to enable the Truatt'es of the
B4.«ttled Entttto of Witliam CulUti to
acll to Aterainder Jannei BtTe*f(fnl
Hope £sic|ulre, before the appomted
Time under the Settlement a Pctrtion
of that Estate ior whieh an Otfer haa
been made them by him.

15, An Aet for authori/Jng Leases to bo
granted for Mining and other Pup-
jMset of Efftatea in the Cuunty of
OUmmrgan belonging to WalUr L*€
Wit^on Esquire (an liifant)t Tenant
in Tail under the Will of Waifer Wtl^
kin§ £a4|uire, deeeased ; and fur other
Purposes.

tt, An Act to enable the Tnifltees or
Giiardianfi appointed by Jo^f/j^ Thorn*
$0n of Nortmihail of Eild*m, deceased*
to«ell the said binds of NordnJuill of
JCihltm, and also the Half of a Story
of a House in SihU Mart/t Wm^f^
E<litd»trifh, and relative Poliey of In-
surance, vested in them in trust, and
npply the Price to be ol>t^iined, and
eertain Trust Monies in their Hands,
in the Purchase of other Lands, for
the Purposes of the aaid Trust,
lit. An Act to alter and amend an Act
passed in the Third and Fourth Years
of the Rt^ign of ller pres»>ct Majesty,
intituled Aj* Act to enable the Tntt-
Ue$ of the MitrrioiM Arti*-^-^ '^f >^'
mas Bacon K»
Leatf to Rich
Hill Kg'ptire^of

diirf fit'rfditi
called Plymuuj

of Menhyr T^inl im me
CAnmotgna : aad for
the aame Aet uifocHect
1$. An Act lor ouryin^ uil« t^H v
Agnjemcnt reapeettii^ tl» Eftatrnf^
the Corporaliofi of tlio Kufngh ii
Ladlow, and dher Eat»tc» iuIkI •
the aaid CorpoTBCioik, im
partly or in whole, <br
tiible Uses ; and $»r
certain E^t^tes to Uie OovflT !«•*
inafter meattooed^ aad deciviaf lie
TrusU thereof ; and §v inalDqf Flo-
viaioit for Payment «f Uie IMts «C
the said Corpormtioo ; «Jid ockcr Par-
posea.

19. An AcitoautfaorlKe tlie Sal#of PmI
of the Cbari'^- ^-*-*,^ vtmM im ifc*
Master. W j Bn«hi«a aid
Sisters of ti or FrmtonltfS^
the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the
Mystery uf Drapers of the CiSj of
Louilon, uwm the Trusta of the Will g[
Thimnin HmvtU di^cc^ased,

20. An Act to en-}' ^V ''rtm Ram9>m
Rtjmjfitif of Bttr> ')f Ealad ia
p<is«ession of J9'/r . _ ,\
tate« in the County of
borrow Money upon the
the said Eftate^, for the ^
of Monies laid out in thr* b • ^
of the said Estate, a4id to
and his Successors to gtn

certain Parts thcrvof : and i,, ,...-;
Purposes therein expresaod.

21. An Act for TCdtiaif Eatatei in the
Parish of W<H Sriftrntieh io the
County of Sfa^<mi^ dc^viaed by the
Will of Joseph Bam de<«as«d« aad
the Mines and Mittomla nader the
same, In Trustet^s (br SaJe,
Powers to grant Lcasoa (kf aqoh
tates, and to grant, d^imae, or
the Coal, ironstone^ and otfaW
rals in or under the s»^roe,

22. An Aet for burdening or ddUmf a
Portion of the entailed EaL\t« of
CiWiUrttrntld in the County of Dnm-
Ifarton, for Payment of Debt.

2d An Act to enable the Truste«i of
the TVm of i&iiiiiMd YaUt Est|ui
deceaaed, to beU the Estat«a in
County of Kent deTist*d by
Will, and to mvtsl the
arise from such S»%le in the
Funds,
An Art t<t ]Tic(irrw»r;>t*' tin- Hi

•U and toc3(phun and i

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

419

Powers und PromSons contained in
tlie said Deed.
26. Aa Act to cnnbW John Eden Spa^d-
ing, with the Consout of a Trustee, to
leikae the Mines and Mini^mfs within
the LumIb of Holm and other Lands
Md Eclstes in the Stewartry of Kir-
cmAri^ in Scotland,
26. An Act to enable the Trnatees act-
ings under tht- Will of tlio Lito Sir John
Wfhh Baront't, deceased, t« concur
wiith other Portiea, under the Sanction
of the High Court of Chancery, in the
Sale and Conreyauce of certain £«-
tate« in the County of Dortti and in
%\m Town and County of the Town of

iPooU devised hy the said Testator,
^tid of Estates subtieqaently acquired
by the Trustees of his eiaid Will^ and

^mihject to the Thi«ta of the said
WtlL

L27* An Act to vest in Trustees in Fee
Sininle the entaiied Estate of Ov^-
#Ai>iirinthe County of JSrftnfturyA, for
the Purpose of selling the same, and
purchasing other Lands to he entailed
in lieu thereof,
28, An Aet to enable the Tnistee* of
certain Charity and Trust Estates at
Kind near the Town of Lou^thtft in the
■Cownty of Suffolk to carry into effect
a Contract for the Sale of Parts there-
of to the Lou'fsfoft Railway and Har-
bour Cumt»aTiy ; and to enable the
said Truitees, and the Trustees of
other Charity and Trust Estates at
and near the saiii Town of Lowtstoff,
to g^nt Leases for long Terms of
Tears for Buildings Purposes of the
said Estates or Parts thereof; and for
other Pur|Kises.
29* An Act to extend the Power of
Sales and Exchange and the Power
lo frant Building Leases respectively
eootained in the Will of Sir Urxmje
William Tapps Otrti^ deceased ; and
to en) power the Trustees of the said
Will to raise Money by Mortgage for
the ImproTemfint of Fart of the Es-
iatea devised hy the said Will ; and to
confirm a Contract for an Excliango
entered into hy the said Trust et's with
the Right Honourable Jatnrg Hoxtard
Harris Earl of Mtilmeghurt^.
30. An Aet to jEfive flirther Powers to
the Trustees of the Will of the late
iMke of Clevelfind for the Management
of the Trust Estates in the €*ounty of
Durham hy the said Will devised,
ill. All Aet to vcHt the Kiitates in frr-
land settled hy the Will of Bindon

SfoU deceased in Tnisteos, for the
Purposes therein set forth.

32. An Aet to unite and to incorporate
the Trustee* of certain Charities es-
tablished by Humph rrtf Hofjfh the
elder. Esquire, and hy Humphry
B<K*th Efttiuirej his Grandson ^ resjiect-
ively ; and to amend an Aet of Par-
liament made and passed in the Six*
tecnth Year of His late Majesty King
/7,. .. ., tv... Third, intituled An Act to
rr nmtefs of certain Charity
L jitifftotAeFiXjrofStkltoti
in titc CumUy Palatine of Lancaster
to grant Building Leases thereof; and
to make further Prorision for the be-
neficial Management and iVdminist ra-
tion of the several Charity Estate* and
Charities of the Rriid Htttttphrrtf Booth
the elder and Hmiiphr*if Booth, his
Grandson, respetrtively.

33, An Act to enable the Tnwtees ap-
pointeil by Mrs, Ja^ie F^Trtjus&n de-
ceased to sell the Lands of Lavrfock-
lan\ and also certain Subjects situate
in the Village of ^JhrnHfittm, vested in
them in trust, and to apply the Price
to be obtained, and certain Trust Mo-
nies in iheir liands, in the Purehase
of other Xjinds, for the Purposes of
the said Trust.

34, An Act for enabling the President
and Fellows of *Si'ojt Co//t4;c within the
City of London to raise Money byway
of Annuity on Part of their Estates.

35. An Act for facilitating the raising of
the annual Suniof One hundred Pounds
settled upon the Vicar for the Time
being of the Parish of Alt Halhufi in
the Town of NifTthathpfonf in lieu of
Tithes, by an Act passsd in thi> Twenty-
ninth Year of the Reign of King Chariii
the Second,

3(J, An Act to enable the Trustees of the
Will of the Mnrt Noble WUh'am ffttrrif
late Duke of Ckve^tatuiio grant Leases
and njako Sale of the Bathmck and
Wriiufion Estates in the County of
Somigr$€t.

37. An Act to enable the Most Noble
H^nry Charks Dtiko of Norfo(l\ and
other the Owner for the Time being
of Arundel CoMtU and the Estates
settled therewith, to grant Leases of
Parts thertK)f ; and for other the Pur-
poses therein uientlontHl.

38. An Aet for authoriiing the Sale of
Part of the Estates settled hy the Will
of William Cotiijre\*e Esquire, de-
ceased, and for laying out the Surplus
of tho Monies produced by such Sale,

2 E 2

420

ANNUAL REGISTER.

»fter P»7Rient of his Ikhts, in the
Purvtuiftp of other Efttatea.
90. An Aot for the better Support and
|>»tc«r HegitUtioa of " The Hospital
of Iho Holy /f*itf, fonnikd in the
M^tmwt in the Toim and Countj of
AWoatrffr4^p<m-Tyn^, at the Cost*
Md Chftrget of the Mnror and Bur.

E of the Town ot Neweastle-y]ton-
In the County of the Town of
utle-upoih-Tyne aforcuud/' and
for oonfirming Sales and other DIaikk
titiom made of Estates formerly Part
of the Possession!! of the said iloapt-
XiX ,- and for other Parpoae««

40, An Aot to vest certain Lands and
HofvdituiieDU, the Estates of Akji-
amier Ffvry Bomd Enquire, Hitnato
in the County of Wt^tmettfJi in Irf-
ku^, in Trustees, to raise Money tor
tiM Payment of IncuLinbrancee aifeot^
in$ aiid Uind^ and HereilitamenU,
waA, suhj*HTt thereto, to Ihnit the said
T^iuiUand Heredit-aiuciUii for the Uftftt
and PuriM>ses ileelared hy the Will
of WilUftm Hoiui Efti^nire, deeeaaed.

4L An Act to en.ihle Sir Richard ShJI-
kttt^ PhUiftpg P/tifipps Baronet and
9thiri to f^rnnt Minin/^. BuiUling, and
oUmt Lnkcb of certain Ej^tatea in the
Ommlj of P^mtrfilY, fiuhjeet to the
Vm» of ibo Wilt of Richard Baron
Milftwd doeiMiAod.

IS, An Act for enabllTig the Master and
Brvlhren oft he Ho«pital nf Saint Mar^
ibe Virgin within the Borough ofNetv-
tmtH0 lyOH- Tyfkf to jerrant Building.
RsMlrtnf, Mining, and idfter Loa^ea
of mir Estates, and, for extending the
OtijoeU of tb« Cliarity. and regulating
Uio Apfiropriation of the Ineomo
th^rfrot

4{t. An Act to enable the €oUeg« of
iilasiftm* to efft^ct an Esehange of the
|ir«s<^t ijiods and Bui Mings heloiig-
xug Ui and oeoupied by tlie »aid Col-
Wp* lor other sulfieient and adequate
U^nds and Buitdingv more adv«nt«-
f^usly situated ; and ' • «
poovs rpUting thoreto.

44. Ad Act to repeal io mmA dmm
paj»»ed in %htf Vvmaik Tsar sf tt»
lUnirn of HJ4 lat^ Majai^ iJif
Grmrir€ the ¥ma%ku i»iatetod Am irf
fttr JSTaitmsllrutf Bcnrj Riikm f •-
g^tj^on. AS eoMt* tkU thf wmii Aoff

be enabled to be of tll^ IHvfJ 1
or a Member of eitb«r X\\mM U Rw^
liAment, or to ta^e any Oi^tx or flvt
of Trust, either ciril or miiaafy. or m
liave any Grant of Luida, Teq«ni*i%
or Tiered Itajnentd from tbe Cmvm, I*
himself, or any otber Pawm or ?^
sons in trust for him.

4^. An Act to dUaoWe tbe Murnai« '^
JaspfT Bifntf Cmajk Eamiir* •«b
Emma Siuan W€ldal£ cVsMH^ ^
present Wife, and to eiuMt him is
marry again ; and for oUmt ]
then^in meution£Hl.

46. An Act to dissolre tlte Marrwft d
G^njf S'U^je Curtt's Esquire wjA
Emnui Curtu hia now Wife ; and ftr
other Purposes,

47> An Act to diasolro tho Mamfecf
Edusjrd Clark with Hia now WUf,
and to enable him to manr again i
and for other Purposes,

i%. An Act to dissolro the Mairiagv ^
Edward MattAyifent with
France t his now Wile, and to ea
bim to marry i^gain ; and f^r
Purposes.

49. An Act for Naturaliaing tbo \
rend Sajtiu^l Gob*it Clerk, Bishop of
the United Chureh of En^iami and
Jrelatid in Jcnual^wn.

50. An Aet to dissolve the Marriage ftf
lioh^.ti Nf^hftfit FaniuhariKm, V ■
witJi J/ory An^ hia now Wife,

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

421

PRICES OF STOCK IN EACH MONTH IN 1846.
Highest and Lowest.

8 a

O.O.

ii

32

ii

O.O.

82 s;2

O.O.

is

O.O.

a ^ a ^

O.0U O.O.
t>0 t>CO

5.1

O.0U

S= [22

ii

^^

a a a a

O.O. 0.0.

38 ^8

a a

O.O.

ii

0.0.

ii

S3S

i

O.O. O.O.

3S ss

di [ii

O.O. L OuO.

ii

3C«

a a

O.O.

as

iiili

■411

§3

4

6a

<

ss

S3

Si

gg SS

S3

SS

S3

S3

S3

^

3S

r^

fa

si"

ss

i^

i

u

H

ii

O O © O

rr

i
II

S3

8^

;3

$T

3^

?ar

^3»

3^

SS

SS

ss

S3

S3

S3

S3

^?

Sf

33

S3

>3? i $0

^

irs' ir^

S^ ^3

3f

33

fir

1^

I

I

I

I

;g

L

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.
^-ix=:^r Ti^ms or British corn.

FB 'K

K?«-

•^ as:

f M

c

3»

f

a: )r ^

41

£ 3S

f ^

:: »

:: «

d.
If

»

0
f

f

9

d. s.

4 99

97 11 94 n

» 4 34 8

4 94

3 94

O 94

« 99

5

4

9 43

0 46

94
94

3S
9]
97
«k
<•«
49

1
5
6
4
9Et 11
46 4

d. I IL

4 «

a

9
a

3
9

3 4
2 3

8 4

~J^ .1 Ti^Ti^ F HJlT ?TF*aW. t CLOVER l> 1

JsBft Jii}v. Asf. scfw Oct. Xa

4^ m

T-a *

Si

9.S

»4

a.

94

A.

»

94
96

a. «.
43 48

a^ 75

4:
8(

2? iSS
912 SI

9i

. li li ^*

?V' NT •«>

7i^ « 61^

..•4 i.5

13 116 110 ei6 kV

>-.!:•: C

:f bttohers meat.

,^.

v»«

.^

Pvrii

^

^

^ a.

fc

«. fc «.

d.

«L d.

tansar- .

£

* t: ^

,■

f

f i: 5

3

4 IC to 3

10

9 10 to

*w*n«*

i

U Mf

«

f

::: ... 3

«

4 2 ... 3

o

9 10 ...

^ai-» .

*

£

5

* — .'i

r

4 V ,., 3

4

9 8 . .

\r.-i

•l

f

S

4 — 4

t

4 ti ... 3

4

9 4 . .

\s.-

.*

;

5

£ -.. 4

4

4 6 ... 3

4

9 10 ..

.UM .

-•

T

^

«k 4

f

9 4 ... 4

4

9 4 ...

.Ui" - .

i

■

5

"* 4

4

9 6.4

6

9 8 ...

«.«C«

<

£

^

6

9^.4

8

9 10 ...

«*-

;.; ^ 4

.'

t

9 10 . . 4

10

9 8 ...

.X-«-^*r- ..

J"

".• , . 4

:'

%

9 « . 4

10

9 8.

\ ««M^

c

T ... 4

9 8.4

8

9 8 , .

l>n«Mr

5

4 ... 4

9 8 ... 4

8

9 8 . .

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

423

Summary of the Weekly TABLES of MORTALITY in the Metro-
POLis for 1846. — PuUiahed by Authority of the Registrar General.

NuHBBR OF Deaths Registered in the

Population, 1841.

Male* 897,013

Females 1,018,091

Total ....1,915,104

f West Districts ...

North Districts...

Central Districto .

East DistricU . . .
.South DistricU...

; ( OtolS

U istoeo

r (go and upwards. .

Males ...
Females .

Total

Quarter

ending

March2Bth.

Quarter

•nding

June 27lh.

Quarter

ending

Sept. 2^.

Quarter

ending

Dec. 2^.

Y«.

91 Days.

91 Days.

91 Days.

91 Days.

364 Days.

1887
085
91A6
8fi03
3566

1694
2190
9089

1815
2398
2901
2860
3136

1888
9366

2390
2901
3660

13244

4006
2637

4906
41fifi
82Q2

6273
3896

2218

2974

22275
16726
10031

6013

6801

5470

6215
6194

6662
6471

94941
24148

12376

11271

12400

13033

49089

Total Number of BANKRUPTS and Declarations of
INSOLVENCY.

1846.

England.

beland.

Scotland.

TotaL

Declarations of
Insolvency.

January . .
February . .
March. . .

t^' : : :

June . . •
July . . .
August • .'
September .
October . .
November .
December. .

Total . .

135

128

94

104

153

142

125

104

79

67

123

111

4
7
3
4
3
8
1
4
2
2
5
7

18
19
30
29
27
28
33
38
28
35
16
24

157
149
127
137
183
178
158
141
109
104
144
142

0
2

1
0
3
1
2
0
0
1
1
1

1360

50

320

1729

12

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR 1846.

MqdUi.

BaKMiwter.

Tliemoiaeter.

Kurabtfr of Rafny «ad
SODvy Days.

lll^wst.

tMvmu

Highm,

Lovat.

Januarr...*..
Febnun ...

Msrch

Aoril .......;

May ..,

June ^ *

July

Aiumit

Se|»tefn1ieT .»

Oc^obef

XovnalKT...,
December , ^ ■ ^

iD.Ptl.

301B

au-36

3n>i2
mrm

XH» 1
3»'40

anD

In. Pti.

39-16

99-»

29il8

2!H3

a9*»

§940

Sim

UhlS

m
&\
m

m

m

39^

32

^1

41

4A

66
54
64

43

an
sa

10

If

14

424 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.
UNIVERSITY HONOURS.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFOBD.
EXAMINATIONS. Term,— Paschal, 1846.
In LUeris Htmtanioribus.

Clabbis I.

Baker, John R. Lincoln.
Dickins, William, OrieL
Heslop, George H. QiueiCs,
Podmore, Thomas, Sl John's,
Pottinger, Henry A. Worcester,
Rogers, James E. T. Magdalen ffaS.
Ryde, John G. St, John's,
Sandford, Francis J. BalUoL
Walrond, Theodore, BalM.

Clasbis II.

Bond, Edward C. Exeter,
Pirmstone, Edward, Lincoln,
Gilbert, Robert W. St. John's.
Green, James W. BaUiol
James, Benjamin F. Exeier.
Kirkpatrick, John E. Lincoln.
Meade, De Courcy, Exeter.
Perkins, George, Brasenose,
Sanders, William S. Exeter,
Scoltock, William, Christ Church,
Spankie, John, Merton.

Classis III.
Bushnell, Thomas, HexL, Pembroke,

WiorceHer.

Chevalier, Charles H. Trirnkg.
ComptOD, FVmncis, MerUm,
Cromwell, Joho G. SraaasMe,
Edwards, Robert W. Brasenom,
Gray, William F. Wadkaau
Maskery, John, Waelham,
Mordacque, Louis H. Srmtenom,
Oxanne, Richard J. I^emibroke.
Perryn, Geoi^ A. Bra

Cx^ssrs nr.
Bal V, Jo

Bridge, Jo^n,

Cass, Frederick C

CtirzoD, Hon. Henry D. Ckriai CkmtL
Dangerfield, R. G. St. Mecrfs HA
Dimock, Nathaniel, St. Jokst^m.
Edwards, William E. Brasemom,
Griffith, Ralph T. H. Qaeem'jt.
Keble, Thomas, M^adalen.
Nowell, Alexander D. BragestasK,
Pix, George B. Lmcobt,
Savory, Henr^ S. OHeL
Tupper, William G. Trinity.
Wadmore, Henry R. JPembroke.
Warner, Charles, Worctsitr.
Wingfield, Frederick B. Un

Examiners.

T, F. Henney.
C. Daman.

J. M. Wilson.
A. W. Haddan.

In Disciplinis Mathematicis et Physicis.

Classis i.

Arrowsmith, Robert, Orid.
Bridge, John, Trinity.
Piz, George B. Lincoln,

Classis u.
Bere, Montague, BaUiol,
Cameron, Francis M. Christ Church,
Compton, Francis, Merton,
Walrond, Theodore, BaUiol,

Classis in.
Perkins, George, Brasenose.

Classis iv.

Brandram, Samuel, Trinity,
Cass, Frederick C. BalHoL
David, William, Jesus.
Pereman, George, Christ Church.
Gregonr, Maze W. Wadham.
Ogle, James A. ^rasenaaf.

Classis ▼.
(Z. H. and M, and />. )

IxxzviiL

R. Walker

Examiners.
N. Pocock.

S. J. Rigand.

^BW

HHHMH

^^^rPUBLlC DO C U M E N T S. 42S J

^^m EXAMINATIONS. Term,— MicuAELMAd, 1846. ^^H

^^^^B tn LU€r\s Hutnaniorihvs, ^^^^M

^^^ Classis I.

Jooes, Bylkeley 0. Brasenou, ^^^^1

^P Bsfrtard, Edmund R, BallwL

Lowet Edward C. Lincoln, ^^^^1

Bright, William, University.
Coningtoti, Jolin^ University,
Cookson, Christopher, i^r, John's,
Espio, ThomM E. Lincoln,
French, Thomas V. Universiiy.
Ince^ William, JLincoin*

Marrett, Clement A. Pembroke, ^^^H
Masterman^ Thomas, Wadkam, ^^^^^M
NowelK Thomas W. Braserwst. ^^^^^M
Parker, Frederic W. Pembroke, ^H
Peake, John, Magdalen Hail, ^H
Pliilippji, James E. Christ Church, ^^^H

Pftlfrave, William G. Trinity,
Reftd, George 8, ^r Aforv*« Ho/^.
Walloo, Henry B. Pembrt>ke.

Rumaey, James, Pembroke, ^^^^^M
Sweed, Robert, Exeter. ^^^^H
Whitehead. Thomas.. Exeter. ^^^H
WtlkinsoD, Robert P. Lincoln. ^^^H

Clamib ih

Wilhams, Thomaii, JesuM. ^^^^^t

Baring, Thomas G. Christ Church.
Curteis, George H. University,

^^^H

Class IB iv. ^^M

HiiU Richard H. Maadalen.

Hooper, Jame* J. Wadham,

Hunt, Edward G, Exeter.

Joycje, James G. Magdalen HftlL

Merriman, Henry G, New CoUege, !

Oate», John^ Z,inciifn

Walftird, Hetiry> Windham.

Bright, William R. BalHoL ^^^^^
Cholmondelev. Thorn !ls» Oriel, ^^^^^^|
Eade. Edward, BaUiol, ^^^H
Hartshome, Thomas W. Wadham. ^^^H
Hurvey, Hetiry A, Christ Church, ^^^^H
HughcSf John, OrieL ^^^^^M
Hulme, Edward, BattioL ^^^H

Claasis til.

Lawrence, George G. St. Eden Hall ^H
Potter, George, Queen §, ^^H

BroHT»ing» William T. Exeter,

Ptjiman. W. W. Christ ChurcL ^^^M

GibbooB, Sir John, Bart. » BaitioL

Rice, John >f . Magdttten, ^^^^^M

GibM>n, George R. Oriel.

Robinson, John, Oriel, ^^^^^M

Harvev» Thomas, BftUioL

SutDnen Hubert G. M. BaUioL ^^^H

Hayden, Charles F. Corpuf.

Wisbaw, Alexander, Trinity. ^^^H
Williams. Charles P. M. Juut. ^^^H

Hell, Edward, Wadhum,

Exat}

^^^H

T. F. Henncy.

£, Bode. ^^H

C, Daman.

W. £. Buckley. ^^H

In Diaciplirm Math

emaliciA $i PhydcU, ^^^H

CLAS8TS L

CLASsrft rv. ^^^^|

Bastard, Edmund K, BaSiol,

Fitter, William, P. J. G., Chrisi Church, ^|

Goodc, Charles W. Brasenase, ^^^^^t

CLABSIB II.

liamhton, Henrv R. University, ^^^^^H

Freefaoni, John W. WorceMer,
Palgrave, William G. Trinity,

Morns, JoiHfph L. Worcester, ^^^^^^
Thnipp, Horace, Ereter. ^^^^H

Classib III,

Classic ^^^^|

(L, H, and M, and P. ) ^^^|

^^^^H

Exan

linen, ^^^H

R* Walker. J, A. A

\

Lihwortb. G, Buckle, ^^^|

426 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

UXnXRSITY OF CAMBBIDGE.

EXAMINATIONS. ILlthimaticai. Tsm», 1846.

MnJermion

5 Geot^ Griirid SiDke% M. A.,
{ Wmaai CoBugi "

CoBeoe.
JiLA., Trni^ CoAye.

I Hsrej Goodwill, M.A^ C«w Oftiy

Dl Hctttlej ^....^..Trtai^

AircT ...— .....xVsvnNK*

Sudeman ^^^ J | Qmoi's.

Fulkr ^ Fmmmmmei

Howe ^^Joim't,

Wilbnham TVtm^.

Budd. Cmimt.

Cooper ...^.^. »....» Jokm^M.

homer Jokm'^

Ri^ > ^ JokaLt.

Roigfaty ^ Trun^

ReTDolds QKeai*«.

Pnitcben > 5 Cbrpitf.

Woodrow J \ CmiMU

Hotrvd Sidmofm

Huot. ^..CorpmM.

Glover ^ Trudty.

Coombe* PeUr's.

Matthews Jokms.

Wardale dart.

Wood m. ^okm't.

Frost ^ohm's.

White, W. A ^ohm'M.

Haworth Trinity.

Simpson « JetMX,

Wagner Trinity.

Birch Christ s.

Sutton Caius.

Hole Trinity,

Holt, J. M .Johns.

Kingston Caius.

Holrojd ^ Trinity.

Bell y .John's.

Willink .John's.

Scott Caius.

Hammill y Pembroke.

Beloe Corpus.

Senior Optimes.

Dt. Malone Queen's

Romanise KmmanueL

Baird Trinity.

Carroll Peter's.

DlL

U»ilni ...
WaiioB. .......

Eattwtwd y ..

Stocks

Diw.........

CkrisCL

........Joftaf.

Com.

Jckn$.

Jdaku

Sidney.

...... Cmim.

White, T. .•«....... ^skmt.

Goodwin CftriiTc.

Hoets .^ Trinity E.

Dek CooduiiM. ^ifkns.

GtttddD. Joimg.

Lodungfoos ^mmm^., Trinity.

Fairiwftd .................. <^aaai*s.

Baker ^..Ckrise*.

Sbedden PHer't.

Hcbaesfi JFokn't.

HoU, R. y ^okn*M.

Thwxno Ckrisft.

Leach } C Tlriniiy.

Pitcaim \ X Jesus.

Howse John's.

Hancock Trinity.

Goddard Sidney.

Pepys Trinity.

Cross.. .......••M.M.«...... Trintty.

Farmer .......TruuQr.

Hallam m Trinity.

De Winton « Trinity.

Standen y Trinity.

Smith Pembroke.

Fenna Trinity.

Rendered jB > ^John's.

Wright m J I Trinity

Hodgson > i Catherine.

Towns J I John's.

Junior Optimes,

Ds. Evans Corpus.

Vanlls John's.

CaUley .John's.

Hastings ^ Trinity.

Warner Trinity.

Markby « Trinity.

Cobbold Pembn>ke.

Brown* Pembroke.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

427

Junior Optime* (Continued).

IX Badger ) j Trin. H,

Norrii a ) ■""•"■■'* j Trinity,

P Williams ..,.,„. ......... Qiie€ii*«.
Balleine „. Pembroke.

Thomson ....»>..... Sithey,

IDaukcs , .„.,.... Caivs,
Jf^ncs »...« ,•„...... J(C7Am*<*
Slipper .....£JnnurnitdL
Archer .^..Jesms.
Humble ,,John'it.
Veasey , EmmanutL
Grignon « Trinity.
Sargcaunt ) ^ John^s.
Taylor J { Queen^s,
Haslcwood John'M,
Tute > 5JbAji'#.
Wise \ 1 Cfcrtf,

Da. Trevor Corpus,

AlderBon ,.CmuM.

Wroth 0 - ,.^ohn*it,

Seymour ...7Vtit%.

Probyn ^,^JohiC8^

Bla4^kett ^„. .John's*

Pyne. „, .Emmanuel

Wilson /J .». ,,ChrvtfM.

Smith, C. F. ,. ,,.., Trinity.

Wade ^.Trinity.

Clarke y John*M,

Wallich... Trinity.

Chiii-ch I J Joiin*g .

Fumivall J ' { rriJi, H.

Aiiislie y Trinity,

Geldart Trin H,

Joplin .,„.... „...Qii«eiM.

Nounse „..,........Ceiiiui*

Howe .....f/oAnV.

Dixon Triuity,

£xamijur».

Fir»t

Ds, LushiogtOTi Trinity,

Brown ,„.,,. Pembroke

De Winton Trinity.

Wood John's

Grtgnon » Trinity.

Markby ,, » ,.. Trinily.

Norria I >F 5 Trinity ,

Horn an is J ^* \ Emmanuel.

Hallura Trinity,

Simpson Jesus.

W^rigbt Trinity.

Fetin .,.,,. Trinity.

Se&md aass.
Ds. M'ilimti Ckrisfs.

Chanc^ior*a Medallist.
Hammill Pembroke,

Smith's Prizemen.

L. Hetisley *...... ...Trinity,

A. Sandem^sn QueetCs.

iStfUTf Scholars.

R. Elwm ....Trinity.

A.J, darver ,,. Trinity^

Craven*s Scholar.
C. Evani Trinity.

Por»on*s Prize.
G. J. Gill.... Emmanuel

Classical Tripos. 1846,

Benjamin W^rigglesworth Beatsoni M.A. Pwmbnfke,
John Alenander Frere, M. A. Trinity.
Rowland Williams, M. A. Kinp^s.
t William Gilson Humphry* ALA. Trinity.

Class. f D*. Glover Trinity,

Wroth ,,.,,.,..•,„ ,.Johi's.

Hastings ....Trinity.

Holmes Jokn*a,

Pondered ,,.., John's.

Holroyd TVinity.

Third CIms.

Ds. Ainslic Trinity.

Clarke .,^.,. John's.

Easfwood ..•,... .John's.

Bfill »,„»,^,.,„„,^oAjiV.

Holt.R,.,„ ..JbAfi*«.

Knight ^.Trinity.

Rigli^ , Juhn'a.

Suaden. Trinity,

Camden's Medal
J. C. Wright JGn$*s.

Browne's Medals.

B. F. Wc^trott Trinity.

J. C. Wright ................. .A'mfl'*.

A- A. Vansittait ,,.„ Trinity,

Chancelior's English Medallist*
K. U. BJckersleth Triniiy.

Seutonian Prise,
R. Essington ....Ktny't.

4» A^YCr^C VLKaSS^TKRir

THE COR^r A5D CrSTr>M& DCTEE?.

T!]« ro4lowni« Tabic* oaaoui d» (TTwngpm :n 'Jm Caam sul <
i4aiiflr7. i .^4^. See ^ocdv

THE C0R3r DCmES.

3«mH«!ci — Tnt a ira if *iK
^Vaiiu \l»i. ir ?*(mr. >fae» liMil » awk 'Boi r^m Im imr jtr

If .nuvtrrfsti ^nm aiv Frirei^ 'SHBBt :

•if WEhk mmim. jp a
. ^idl bB, ftr «venr <

Cifiipr -tf^ -Ik intv iiHii im, M ^mtw (^maer J| ^

4^ «iit nuier flaJ «^ - - ■ — ^ . !^ '

4W. amf imtftr iMa, ^^... — ..i.^.......^ ^ <

•iiVit nut nutar iUc ..— ~- 7 •

Ua «rf uMler Sdi. « if

■3diL wt uuter sriiL — ^..~^.. «.^ 3

•Jiite. «ift ipwrt* — — 4 «i

Wmskwst die <9«a0i^ pnrm if A*J0f.

t^^dtr iB« -hrt r>U7 mati vi. iir emj 'fianer . ...... j fl

2fW. nut uuiw:2rt . 4 4

2^7*. IHiil UUlitriStt. .. 4 4

^fin. mA vcuifr ^m, ... — J 4

9iN. jBui Mu^r ^l)»L — 9 0

^H,m4-M'^^U. - — 2 6

9i\$, mud ^K^mw^ - — -_.. 2 O

Mfhmm^rf Htm *%*!n«(f. unee of OMw anie op awi pnhr«h>J jm ike
ttrntmrt t^^aifnA bj L«»* ifcaft fce. fcr tiwtxx f irnii —

VnAfrr If^.fhtslMMj^kMik'bt^irjrrmajifantr 4 O

)H«. «fid fif»4«T Iftk - ^ ~ 9 6

1V«. i»id tjn/VfSOf 3 O

'Jfh. Mn4 tiwUrr 2U i 6

'2U. m94 uwltr ^tU ~ 2 0

'JSLi, mnd upwvdti I 6

Hunt Pr.AM, AjtD BtAjf: —
Pm tf^ffty qiMilirr ;
A Ihiiy «<|um1 ia tofmat to the Duty payable oo a 4|oarter of Bailej.

fttr pvpry tMUtf;! ht^t^*» «»« baodfed aod imieCy-fiz poandt ;

A Duly *»n' l to the Duly payable oo thiity-eigfat nUons

hair of ^^
Bahi^mv Mrai

* Wrtrir «|u pouodt ;

bttiy <*t) Ooty payable on a quarter of Barley.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

429

Oatmeal:—
For every quantity of one hundred and eighty-one pounds and a half;
A Duty equal in amount to the Duty payable on a quarter of Oats.

Rye Meal: —

For every quantity of pounds ;

A Du^ equal in amount to the Duty payable on a quarter of Rye.

Pea Meal and Bean Meal: —
For every quantity of pounds ;

A Duty equal in amount to the Duty payable on a quarter of Pease or Beans.
If the produce of and imported from any British possession out of
Europe;
Wheat, Barley, Beer or Bigg, Oats, Rye, Pease, and Beans,

the duty shall be for every quarter 1 0

Wheat, Meal, Barley Meal, Oat Meal, Rye Meal, Pea Meal,

tod Bean Meal, the Duty shall be for every cvrt .^..^ 0 4^

•And that from and after the 1st day of February, 1849, there shall be paid the
following Duties, viz. : —

nlieat, Barley, Beer or Bigg, Oats, Rye, Pease and Beans,

for every quarter 1 0

Wheat Meal, Barl^ Meal, Oat Meal, Rye Meal, Pea Meal,
and Bean Meal, ror every cwt. 0 4.^

THE TARIFF.
DUTIES TO BE REPEALED.

Class 1 — Articles of Food.

Present Rate of
Duty.

Animals living —

Calves

Goate

Kids

Lambs

Bulls, Oxen, and Cows

Poultry

Sheep

Swine and Pigs

Bacon

Beef, fresh

salted

Cranberries

Meat, unenumerated

Plaintain

Potatoes

Pork, salt

fresh

Vegetables, unenumerated

Class 2.— Agricultural.
Animals living —

Asses

Horses

Mules

Hay

lOf. each.
Is. each.

2s. each.

1/., cows 10a.

5 per cent.

as. each.

5t. each.
14s. per cwt«
St. per cwt.

n

Id, per gallon.
8s. per cwt.
2d. per cwt.

r*

8s. per cwt

»>
5 per cent

2s. 6dL each.

2Qs. each.

2s. 6d. each.

16«. per load.

IJM) ANNUAL REGIS'

Class 2.— AgricultunL

Class 3 — MsnufactMw>

Woollen manuftctures, not ma^ op ^

CJotton manufiu:fciires» not madm up •

Lben do., onwiuniwted, not made up

liKHiy uRned

flHk, thrown, dyed

Class 4.-

Bottles, stone, empty

CMUof buiU

Enamel

Gelatine

Glue

lakle, wrought

Ink, printer's

Lampblack

Magna Grsecia ware

Manuscripts

Maps and Charts

Mattresses

Medals, not gold or silver

Fslmetto thiOch manufiustures .

Parchment

Pens

Telescopes

Thread, unenumerated

Vellum

DUTIES TO BE REDUC

Class 1.— Articles of Food.

Arrow-root -

Beer

Butter

Buckwheat

CsMsva powder

Cheese -.

Cider and Perry

Citron presenred in salt

Cucumoers preserved in salt

Fish, cured

Bum

Hops

Msise or India com

meal ««—■■■ 1 1 1»^»»»»»««»«»«««««

Mustard flour ^tf^Bhr

Present I
Dut

5f. per

2^.perb

Uper.

as bar

5$, per

lOf

}0L 10s. ]

10 per <

10 per <

2s. per <

lit. per

4lI0s.p

as bar]

12s. per
5s. per<

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

431

Class 1. — Articles of Pood.

Rice

rough and in the husk.

Sago

Sausages

Spirits, Foreign: —

Brandy

Geneva

Other Foreign Spirits.

Tapioca

Tongues

Present Rate of
Duty.

Class 2. — Agricultural.
Seeds, viz : —

Canary

Carraway

Carrot

Clover

Leeks

Mustard ;/

Onions

Unenumerated

Class S.— Manufactures.

Boot fronts

large

Men's boots and shoes, and others in like

proportion

Cotton goods made up

Hats, beaver and silk

straw

chip

bast, cane, or hair, exceeding 22 in. ...

not exceeding 22 inches

Linen manufactures, rated

Lace Thread and Pillow Lace

Platting of Straw

Silk Manu&ctures

Woollen goods, made up

Class 4. — Miscellaneous.
Agates or Cornelians, manu&ctured or set

Almond Paste

Amber manufactures

Beads

Bandstring Twist

Bast Rope

Blacking

Brass Manufactures

Brocade of Gold and Silver

Bronze Manufrtctures ,

powder ,

Buttons, metal

Candles

Present Rate.

6s, per cwt.
7«. per quarter.
* Is. per cwt.
3d, per lb.

\L 2s. lOd, pergaL

Is. per cwt.
10s. per cwt

4s, per bushel.
10s. per cwt.
10s. per cwt.
10s. per cwt.
1/. per cwt.
Is. Sd, per bush.
\L per cwt
10 per cent

9s, 6d. I dozen

5s. ed. I pairs.
n4«.andl/. 8f.
I per dozen pairs.

20 per cent
2s. ed, and Ss. 6d.

St. ed, per lb.
5s. per lb.

15s. per dozen.

10s. per dozen.

various rates.

12i per cent.

7#. 6d, per lb.

25 and SO per cent

20 per cent

15 per cent
20 per cent
15 per cent
15 per cent
5s. per 12 knots.
5s. per cwt.
W. per cwt
15 per cent.
20 per cent
15 per cent.

t>
15 per cent
various rates.

Is. per cwt.

Is. per. quarter.

6d. per cwt

U per lb.

15s. per gallon.

6d, per cwt
7s. per cwt

5s. per cwt
5s. per cwt
5s. per cwt.
5s. per <$wt
5s. per cwt
Is. Sd, per cwt
5f . per cwt
5 per cent.

ls,9d,
2s, 9d,

Is. and 14t.

10 per cent.
2s. each.

5s. per lb.
a..6d ..
10s. per dozen.
7s. ed. „

{one half of
present rates.
10 per cent
5s. per lb.
15 per cent
10 per cent

10 per cent

>\0 per cent
one halfl

*.

h M

• ix. 1^ _-i ^ -'

J '8

h*0-

^Mfr| 4»Htti)(

i^iU till •

tuilh/UMil ,

*«.4«MVMi« .*»...

^AiHAUu ,

^ f*i^¥t ,

P^M*i^^4 «4i«wihittfiniii%gi ^,^,

i**4a.tu^*^ ,

M^»^<^M y,i»'

M^ »^ ^ ^ %iu»tH4tif<r.u<»

A4f<| *»•*«.

'lMM(«>«f

'I**|HI.

VhmiI«Ii

H'iih*i« MM*! ««««nfii; •»«« .,, .

^Vh*IiI|i|I I<hII«

\VIiI|"hmI

MllK Hll( iMl'l-lUir .

AMIi ii-o ui'UiutHt liiriiit, iifii'riim»iTnUi;4

i : V

J J«r'

J. iML -1
Ji K-a

4brit""i«

tiVBT a

loporoBi
6dLpcrJbL

ft£per3bL
12 per cm

U K
Ji V

10 pert

mUKDIIJ': OF SILK DUTIES.

niKHKNT BATES.

^^.^^^dK^.^iuv* «»l «0k, ui tif allk mixed with

Duty.

lie

Range, per cent.

f From 16 to 36
C peroenf.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

433

SCHEDULE OF SILK DUTIES— (continued).
PRESENT RATES.

Silk: — or, and at the option of the officers
of Customs, for every 100/. value, the lb.

Silk, figured or brocaded, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of
the Customs, for every 100/. value, the

lb

Gauze, plain, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of the
Customs, for every 100/1 value, the

lb

Gauze, figured or brocaded, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of the
Customs, for every lOOL value, the

lb

Crape, plain, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of the
Customs, for every lOOiL value, the

lb

Crape, figured, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of
the Customs, for every 100^ value,

the lb

Velvet, plain, the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of
the Customs, for every lOOL value,

the lb

Velvet, figured, the lb

or, «tnd at the option of the officers of

the Customs, for every 100/. value ...

Ribbons, embossed or figured with velvet,

the lb

or, and at the option of the officers of the

Customs, for every 1 00/. val ue

and further, if mixed with gold, silver, or
any other metals, in addition to the
above rates, when the duty is not
charged according to the value, the lb.

Fancy silk net, or tricot, the lb

Plain silk lace, or net, called tulle, the

square yard

Manufactures of silk, or of silk mixed with
any oUier material not particularlv enu-
merated, or otherwise charged with duty,

for every 100/. value

Millinery of silk, or of which the greater
part of the material is silk, viz. : —

Turbans or caps, each

Hats or bonnets, each

Dresses, each

or, and at the option of the officers
of Customs, for every 100/. value
Vol. LXXXVin.

25 per cent.
15«.

30 per cent.
17«.

30 per cent,
i/. 7*. 6rf.

SO per cent.

'?S,

SO per cent.
18*.

30 per cent.

per ecu
1/. 2s.

30 per cent.

15».
1/. 5#.
2/. \0t.

40 per cent.
2 F

Range, per cenL

21 to 43

18 to 46

31 to 49

43 to 50

18 per cent

a4to50.

30 per cent.
1/. 7s. 6rf.

SO to 45.

30 per cent.

I7s.

28 to 29.

30 per cent.

]0s.
1/. 4#.

36 to 78.

U.4d.

No quotations

about 157 per cen
145 „

52 ,i

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS,

436

THE BROAD AND NARROW GAUGE,

EXTBACTB FROM THE RePORT OP THE COMMISftlONTRS,

May it please your Majesty « — We,

the Commissioners appointed by
writ, undiT your Majesty's Privy
Sealf bearing date the 11th of
July, in tLo ninth year of your
Majesty's reign, to inquire whether,
in fiitnro private acts of parliament
for the construction of railways,
proviaioii ought to be made for
securing an uniform gange^ and
whether it would he expedient and
practicable to take measuros to
bring the railways already con-
structed, or in progress of con-
struction, in Great Britain, into
uniformity of gauge, and to inquire
wliethor any other mode ooukl be
adopted of obviating or mitigating
the evil apprehended as hkely to
arise from tho break that will occur
in railway eoramunrcations from
the want of an uniform gauge, beg
dutifully to submit, that we have
called before us such persons as
we have judged to be, by reason
of their situation, knowledge or ei»
periencc, the most competent to
afford us correct information on the
subject of this inquiry; and we have
re^juired the production of :such books
and documents from the various
railway companies as appear to us
to he the best calculated to aid our
researches.

The Coramissiouers then pro*
ceed to investigate tho incon-
venienccsi attending a break or in-
terruption of gauge: Ist, as ap-
plying to fast or express trains ;
2nd, to ordinary or mixetl trains ;
3rd, to goods traius ; 4th* to the
conveyance of Her Majesty's forces.
With regard to all of which the
Commissioners express in stu^ng

terms their sense of the delay, in-
convenience, and damage arising
to the public in the three former
cases, and the danger which may
occur to the state in time of war,
and of expense and inconvenience
Ln time of peace, in the latter.

Tho Commissioners proceed, in
the second place, to discuss the
various means proposed for ob-
viating these evils, in cases where
the break actually exists, or where,
in the course of constniction of
railways of different gauges* it may
hereafter occur. ^ — ^The plans pro-
posed are four in number, viz. :^—

1. What may be tenncd tele-
scopic axles ; an arrangement of the
wheels and axles of carriages per-
mitting the wheels to slide on the
axle, so as to contract or extend
the interval between them in such
a manner that they may be adapted
to cither of the gauges.

2* A form of truck adapted to
the broad gauge, but carrying upon
its upper surface pieces of rail 4
feet S^ inches asunder, so that a
narrow gauge carriage may be run
upon these rails without any dis-
turbance of its wheel;*.

3. A method of shifting tho
botlies of carriages from a platform
and set of wheels adapted for one
gauge, to a different plat form and set
of wheels adapted to the other gauge.

4. A proposal to carry mer-
chandize and minerals in loose boxes
which may be shifted from one
truck to another, and of which
only one would probably be carried
upon a narrow gauge truck, while
two would be conveyed on a broad
gauge truck,

2F 2

436 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

All these plans the Commis-
sioners unequivocally condemn.

The Commissioners proceed,
thirdly, to consider the general
policy of estahlishing an uniformity
of gauge throughout the country.
The Commissioners say : —

We approach this momentous
question with a full conviction of
its importance, and the responsi-
bility that rests upon us.

That an uniformity of gauge is
now an object much to be desired,
there can, we think, be no question.
In the earlier period of the railway
history of this country the great
trunk lines were so far separated
as to be independent of each other,
and, as it were, isolated in their
respective districts, and no diversity
of gauge was then likely to inter-
fere with the personal convenience
or the commercial objects of tlio
community ; but now that railways
are spreading in all directions, and
becoming interlaced with each other
in numerous places, that isolation
is removed, that independence has
ceased, and the time has arrived
when, if steps cannot be taken to
remove the existing evil of the
diversity of gauge, at least it ap-
pears to us imperative that a wider
spread of this evil should be pre-
vented.

If we had to deal with a question
not affecting the interests of parties,
who are not only unconnected, but
who are opposed to each other in a
spirit of emulation, if not of rivalry ;
or if we were dealing with the pro-
perty of the public, and not of pri-
vate trading companies ; we should
merely have to consider whether
that uniformity of gauge which we
deem to be so desirable would bo
too dearly purchased by an altera-
tion of one gauge to suit the other,
or of both to some fresh gauge

which might be considered pr^er-
able to either, if anj such there
be.

But our position is different firt»n
this, since we have to consider not
only the relative length of the dif-
ferent systems, the comparatiTe
mechanical efficiency of each, tbe
general superiority of one above
the other, their adaptation to the
wants of the country, and the pos-
sibility as well as the policy of a
change, but also the pecuniary
means of effecting it. We have
further to look to the consequences
of an interruption of the traffic
during the progress of an altera-
tion.

There is still another view of the
question ; that is, the expediency
of having, on lines of railway, ad-
ditional rails, so as to afford the
facility of using engines and car-
riages on both gauges.

This expedient, in whatever form
adopted, cannot be considered as
free from difficulties. If two rails,
forming a narrow gauge way, are
placed between the two rails which
form a broad gauge way, can^ages
of the different gauges may run in
the same train without alteration
even of their buffers, which in the
ordinary construction of the car-
riages correspond exactly on the
broad and narrow gauges. But
the expense of such an insertion
would probably be not less than
that of an entire change of gauge,
including, in the latter, the change
of engines and carrying stock ; and
the complication which it would in-
troduce at the crossings might pro-
duce danger to rapid trains,^ nnless
their speed were diminished at ap-
proaching such points. The diffi-
culty of packing the rails, if longi-
tudinal sleepers were used, would
also be much greater than if rails

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

437

of only a single g^Mge were em-
plojetl. If a single rail were in-
serted eecentricallj in a Lroad gauge
way, so as to fonn* in conjunction
with one of the l>road gauge rails,
a narrow s^aiigc way, tlio expense
of the insertion, and the danger of
the erosflings, as well as the dif-
iiciilty of packing the rails, would
bo somewhat diminished, but it
would be imprudent to run enrriages
of the different gauges in the same
train ; and as it would prolmblj bo
the policy of the railway company
to adopt for their own stock of en-
giuej^ oidy one of the two gauges,
ami io interpose those diflficidties
which amount to a prolVibitioa of
the yse of other companies* engines,
the incouTeniencea of a break of
gauge would exist in almost all
their force at every junction of a
branch railway on a difTerent
gauge.

Wc consider, therefore, that the
general adoption of sueh a system
ought not to be permitted.

We remark, liowever, that the
diffieultiea to wliick w^e have al-
hided may be greatly diminished
on any railway where tlie system
of combined gauges is cordially
taken up by the company ; and
we think that great respect ought
to he paid to the rights which the
companies may be supposed to
posaess in the methods or systems
which they have devise*] or adopted.
At the name time, wo Iny it down
as the first principle, that inter-
communication of railways through-
out the country ought^ if possible,
to be secured- If, to obtain the
last-mentioned object, it should bo
necessary to alter or make a change
in any exiating railways, we think
that it may be left as a matter of
ulterior consideration for the Legis-
lature, whether in these limited

instances the combination of gauges
may not be allowed.

Whatever may be the course
which, at the present time, eircum- |
stances will permit, it will appeal
from the opinion we have expressed, 1
that we think, abstractedly, equal-
ization desirable ; and we shall,
therefore, proceed to consider what
gauge would be the beat in sueh
a system of equalization.

We shall examine tliis part ofl
the question under the following f
heads : —

1. Safety.

2. Accommodation and eonve-
nienee for passengers and goods.

3. Speed.

4. Economy,

L We will commence with the ,
question of safety.

We are of opinion that expe-
rience will, in this matter, afford a
better test by wliieh to compare
the aystema of the broad and the
narrow gauge than any theory ;
and we, therefore, have made in-
quiry into the nature of the acci-
dents recorded in the official re-
ports of the Boavd of Trade, as
well as of such as have happened
since the last report was pub-
lished.

We find that railway accidents
arise from collisions, obstructions
on the road, points wrongly pbiecd,
slips in cuttings, subsidence of em-
bankments, a defective state of the
permanent way, loss of gauge,
broken or loose chairs, fractures of
wheels or axles, *tc. ; and, lastly,
from engines running off the line
from some other cause.

Of these several classes of acci-
dents, all except the last are obvi-
ously indepenfleut of the gauge ;
and with reference to this last
class, we have thouglvt it right to
endeavour to determine whether

438 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

the advocates of either gauge could
fairly claim, in regard to these ac-
cidents, a preference for their re-
apective systems, on the score of
greater security to the traveller.
la these lists we find only six acci-
dents of the kind we are considering
recorded from Octoher 1840 to May
1845 ; whereas there have heen
BO less than scfVen within the last
seven months, and these are all
attrihutahle to excessive speed, the
majority having happened to ex-
press trains. Of the whole number
of these accidents, throe have oc-
ourred on the broad gauge, and
ten on the narrow ; the former,
however, differ in their character
from the latter, the carriages only,
in the last two cases, having been
off the line, whereas, in all the ten
narrow gauge cases, the engines
have run off, and the consequences
have been more fatal. Wo must
here observe, however, that the
extent of the narrow gauge lines is
1,901 miles, and that of the broad
only 274 ; therefore, the compari-
8on would be unfavourable to the
hroad gau|!^ if considered merely
with regard to their relative length;
but it must be borne in mind, that
the goneral speed of the Great
Western considerably exceeds that
of many of the narrow gauge lines,
and that some consideration is on
that account due to the broad
gauge.

The primary causes of engines
getting off the rails appear to be
over-driving, a defective road, a
had joint, or a badly balanced en-
gine. If, in consequence of heavy
ndns or other unfavourable circum-
stances, any part of the road be-
comes unsound, the engine sinks
on one side as it passes along such
It of the rail, suddenly rises
ain, and is thus thrown into a

rocking and lateral oacillatory mo-
tion, with more or leas of violeiioe
according to the rate of speed; and
a very similar effect is produced is
passing at high speeds from one
curve to another of different curva-
ture. A succession of strains is
thus thrown upon the rails, and if,
before the rocking subsides, the
wheel meets with a defective rail
or chair, which yields to the im-
pulse, the engine and train are
thrown off as a necessary conse-
quence ; but, as far as we can see,
such casualties are equally likely
to happen on either gauge, othtf
circumstances being similar.

It has indeed been stated, by
some of the witnesses whom we have
examined, that the broad gauge is
more hable to such accidents, from
the circumstance that the length
of the engine, or rather the dis-
tance between the fore and hind
axle, is less in proportion to its
breadth than in the narrow gauge
engines, and that therefore ^e
broad gauge engine is liable to be
thrown more obliquely across the
lines, and, in case of meetmg with
an open or defective joint, more
liable to quit the rail ; but we
cannot admit the vaUdity of this
objection against the broad gauge
lines. It may be that the propor-
tion between the length and breadth
of the engine has some influence
on its motion, and that the motion
is somewhat less steady where the
difference between the length and
breadth is considerably diminished ;
but practical facts scarcely lead to
the conclusion that the safety of
the trains is endangered by the
present proportion of the broad
gauge engines ; for it appears that
on the London and Birmingham
Railway, where the engines hitherto
employed have been, generally.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

439

short four- wheeled engineu, the
diatiinco from axle to axle not ex-
ceeding 7 feet, or 7 feet 6 inches,
no such accident aa we are consi-
dering has been reported ; aud we
are informed bj Mr. Bniyeres, the
Bupe rill tendon t of that line, tlmt no
iuch accident has ever ocouiTed. The
same remark applies to aom© other
narrow gauge lines ; and if, aa has
been stated^ exemption from these
Aoeidenta has reaulted from the
ekmB Exing of the engine and
tender adopted on lhi» line, t)»c
mne system might be adopted on
anj other line, whether on the broad
or narrow gauge. An evil maj also
sometimes arise in six-wheeled en-
gines, by the centre of gravity of
the engine being brmigbt too much
orer the tlriTing wheels, and the
springs being so adjusted for the
sake of the adhesion of the wheels
to the rails, that the front wheels
would hare little or no weight
to support, and would be thus
in a condition, by any irregu-
larity in the rood or other obstruc-
tion, to be more easily lifted off
the rails. But here, again, if this
fault in the construction or adjust*
meit has boen anywhere com-
mitted, it \» a fault or defoct wholly
vneoiiiiected with the breadth of
gtoge.

Another cause of unsteady or
irregular motion, dangerous to the
safety of the train, has been stated
to be the great overhanging weight
beyond the axles of some engines
of recent construction, and of the
weight of the outside cylinder be-
yond tho axle bearings. So far as
this construction is concerned, it
certainly appertains to narrow
gauge lines only ; but at tfie same
time we must remark that it is
not essential to their working.

Upon the whole, therefore> nfter

the most careful consideration of
this part of the subject, we feel
bound to report that, as regards the
safety of the passenger, no prefer-
enoe is due, with well-proportioned
engines, to either gauge, except*
perhaps, at very high velocities,
where, we think, a preference
would be due to the broad gauge.
On this part of the subject, wo
would beg to point to tho nature
of the evidence of Mr. Nicholas
Wood.

2. We hare now to odrert to
tho question of tlie relative accom-
modation and convenience for pas-
sengers and goods.

The first-class carriages of the
broad gauge are int«.*ndcd to carry
eight passengers in each eompart-
nient, and the compartments are
sometimes subdividctl by a parti-
tion and inside door. On the nar-
row gauge lines the first-elass car-
riages are usually constructed to
carry only six passengers in each
compartment ; and we find thai
about the same width is allowed
for each passenger on both gauges.
8ome of the original malt carriagefl
vrcre adapted for four passenjrers,
and we believe that the public had
a preference for (hose carriiiges
over both the other descriptions.

Until lately the broad gauge
carriages were ai together more
commodious than those of the
narrow gaui^e, but recently car^
riages have been introduced on
several of the narrow gauge lines
nearly as lofty as those on the
broad gauge, and equally commo-
difius : in short, wo now see no
essential ditforenee as regards ac-
commodatiou and convenience to
individual passengers in the first-
class carriages of the two gauges.

In the second-class carriages on
the broad gtksxg^f six pervous sit

440 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Bide by side, each carriage being
capable of holding seventy-two pas-
sengers. On the narrow gauge,
generally, only four persons sit
side by side, the total number in
each carriage being thirty-two ; in
this respect we are inclined to con-
sider the latter are more comfort-
ably accommodated.

With reference to the ease of
the carriage, and the smoothness
of the motion, we have had very
contradictory evidence ; and it must
be admitted that great difference is
experienced on the same line at
different times, depending upon the
state of the road, the springs of the
carriage, the number of persons in
a carriage to bring the springs into
action, the position of the carriage
in the train, and the speed at which
the train is propelled, — all of which
conditions ai*e independent of the
breadth of the gauge. We have,
however, with a view of making
our observations on this question,
travelled several times over all
those Unes having their stations in
London ; and after making, to the
best of our judgment, every allow-
aoee for the circumstances above
mentioned, we are of opinion, that
at the higher velocities the motion
is usually smoother on the broad

It is now to be considered whe-
Uu^ eitbcr gauge has a superiority
over th^ other in regard to the
rwiv<»yattco of general merchan-

lender thi$ boad we ciass manu-

^t«nf^ l^>ods and ihetr raw ma-

tetials luiiKMdl prftlucts, suck as

<y^ UuK'^ irvwi, and other ores ;

^Spv^ltvnJ produce, such as com,

Wp$s w^^ osnlo and timber.

^!Sii ^»<^$e fv^nts wc have takeo

tW%4l«Nv of perstoQS well ac-

ifrNl >ri;h the carnring trsde.

and from their informaiioii, aai
our own observation, it does boI
appear to be of conaeqnenoe to tiK
parties sending or receiviDg goods
whether they are transmitted ii
waggons containing fire or six tons,
or in waggons of larger capaci^,
provided that the cost and aecmitj
are the same, and that the earrien
undertake the responsibility of aav
damage that may result finom the
size of the load. But Messrs. Home
and Chaplin, and Mr. Hayward,
who are largely interested, and
have had great experience in the
carrying trade, hare expressed a
sti-ong opinion that the nnaller
waggon is fsr the more conyenieiit
and economical. The same opi-
nion is still more strongly expressed
by those witnesses we have exa-
mined who have expmence of ov
mineral districts. These penoas
state that the smaller waggon caa
be more easily handled, and caa be
taken along sharper cnrres thas
would be suited to a broader wag-
gon ; that such sharp cnrres are
very common in mineitd works and
districts, and that the broken na-
ture of the ground wookl render
curves of greater radius inconve-
nient and expensive.

Another important diffoence be-
tween the two gauges, in this com-
mercial view of the question, wotild
present its^ in localities in whaeh
there may be a difficult of reafily
obtaining full loads fco- the wag>-
gons at road stations. Here the
defect of the dead weight, whidi
we find to apply m<Nre particnlarij
to the broad gauge, woidd be
greatly increased, unless anodMr
eril of still greater commercial im-
portance were created, that of de-
tainiag ihe waggons to receive fidl
loads.^ On the whole, therefore,
we consider the narrsw gao^ as

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

441

h

ihe more convenient for tho mer-
cliandiRe of tlie country.

3. We now come to the im-
portant consideration of relative
speed.

With a view to form our judg-
ment on thtB Hubjeet, we have
examined the ttme-tahlea of the
several companies having express
ami fast trains, and the returns
furnished hy those companies of
the actual speeds attained bj the
express trains, on thirty successive
days, from the loth of Juno to the
15th of Jidy, 1845.

We Lnve also, on various oc-
casions, travelled in the express
trains, and noted the speed, mile
by mile.

The result has been, that we
are fnlly Butistied tliat the aver-
age speed on the Great ^Vestem,
both by the express trains and by
the ordinary trains, exceeds the
highest speed of similar trains on
any of the narrow gauge lines.
But some of the latter have trains
which exceed in speed the corre*
spending trains of the Bristol and
Gloucester line, and also of the
Swindon and Uloiieeater line, both
of which are on the broad gauge ;
but these latter, it is to be remem-
bered, are still of recent construc-
tion, with unfavoiirabb curves and
gradients ; and we have been in-
formed by Mr, R. Stephenson, in
his evidence, that at one period the
speed on the Northern and Eastern
line even exceeded that of the
Great Western.

In treating of a diifcrenco in
the speed, other circumstances
besides the mere gauge must he
cDnsideretl* The inclinations and
curves of the Great Western Rail-
way» between London and Bristol,
and even for forty miles heyond
Bristol, are, with the exception of
the Wootton-Basaet and the Box

inclines, particularly favourable to
the attainment of high velocities ;
and it is important to remark, that
the inclinations and curves on that
part of the Northern and Eastern
Railway, where the competition in
speed with the Great Western was ,
the most successful, are generally
of a similar character.

One of the principal motives
professed for constructing the
Great Western Railway on the
broad gauge was the attaining of
high speeds, and the credit of the
proposers and ilefeuders of that
const raction has therefore been
deeply engaged in roaintainiug
them .

The eflfect of gradients on the
speed of the Great Western trains,
even with the powerful engines
used on that line, is shown in
the time table, page 24, where
we find that, while the speed from
Taddingtou to Didcot by the ex-
press train is 47^ miles per hour,
from Didcot to Swindon it is only
41.1, and from Swindon to Glou-
cester only 31. 7; from Swindon to
Bath it is 48.2, but returning^ only
37.2 ; from Bristol to Taunton the
speed is 40.3, and from Taunton to
Exeter only 31). 2.

We must observe, however,
that while the Great Western
company have not altered in any
degree the plan of their engines,
the higher velocities of the narrow
gauge lines have been attained by
the introduction of a more powerful
kind of engine than was employed
at an earlier period, and probably
the new engines now used on the
narrow gauge hnes are as powerful
as they can welt be made within
the limits of their gauge ; whereas
the broad gauge lines have still a
means of obtaining an increase in
the power of their engines, and
of increasing their ^peed, provided

444 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

wahij ike prH€iit express speeds
iq»oii tbe creat trrmk rmilwaTs.

The chief im pediments to mAin-
tmining the present express speeds

1. The difficoltr of arrmnging
the trains, where the traffic is
frequent, so that the fast trains
shall he entirelr protected from
the chance of interfering with or
coming into colit>ion with the
slower trains, or those that stop
at nnQien>as stations.

2. The difficnltj of seeing sig-
nals, especiaUj in foggj weather,
in tame to eoaMe the engine-drirer
to stop the fast trains.

We fed it a dotr to ohserre
here, that the pahlic are mainlj
indebted for the present rate of
speed, and the increased aecom-
m*.^tion of the railwar carriages,
to the genins of Mr. Brunei, and
the liberalitT of the Great Western
Railwar Companr.

As regards the applicabilitr of
the atmospheric principle of trac-
tioQ, or of anj other principle
difering from the locomotire, we
see n> difFerence between the two
gauge*.

4. The question of economj b
that which next demands our at-
tention.

Umler this head we have to
c»>a$idor the cost of construction,
the purchase of the pUnt, whidi
consists of engines, of carriages,
and of other carrring stock : and
U:>tlT, the cost of working.

There can be no question that,
in the first construction of a rail-
war, the nanrower the gauge, the
smaller will be the cost of the
works. This applies to tunnels,
bridgea, riaducts. embankments,
cuttings, sheds, workshops, turn-
tables, transrerse % and
WUasI, and the Wnd;
Wt il does nc ils.

fences, drains, and station-houtt.
The exact difference, howerw.
must depend in a great dq[ite
upon local circomstances, and n
opinion can be giren of the predae
ratio of difference without going
into a rery minnte calculation of
each line on which the two stv
tems are to be compared ; for ia-
stance, in a line free from tmuK^
or riaducts, and in a flat eoantn,
where there are neither cuttings
nor embankments, the differcDce
would be limited rery nearij to
the quantity of land to be pur-
chased, (the sererancc and damsge
bemg about equal in both cases/j
the amount of ballasting, and some
increase in the cost of the sleepers;
whereas, in a rery undulating conn-
trr, the difference woidd be more
considerable.

As to tbe cost of the mail-
tenance of way, supposing the
construction to be the same, that
of the broad gauge must be rather
the greater of the two.

In respect to the cost of the
engines and carrying stock, wc
hare to ohserre that they s^
generally more expensire on the
broad than on the narrow gauge.
But, on the other hand, it is
asserted by the adrocates of the
broad gauge system, that as the
engines wiQ draw greater loads,
as the carriages will accommodate
a greater number of passengers,
and as the waggons are capable of
conrering a larger amount of mer-
chandize, the work can be and is
done at a less charge per ton. and
that a compensation is thus ob-
tained for the increased outKiv.
How far this is found to be prac-
tically the case is the next sul»jivt
for inquiry.

We were reiy desirous, if it had
been found possible, thoroughly to
mrestigate this part of tbe subject

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

415

by meana of the official data called
for by UB, and furnished by some
of tbe prill cipal companies, con-
taining a statement of their work-
ing expenses ; but we find the cir-
cumstanees so d liferent, tliat very
little flatisfactory information can
be thus obtained that has strictly
A reference to the economy of the
two gauges. There are, of course,
variouH niattora that have an iuflu*
enve on the actual cost of locomo-
tive power ami general traffic
chargcii, that are in no way cuu-
uected witli the breadth of gauge ;
such as the nature of the curves
and gradient ii, the price of eol;e,
tlic general nature of the traffic,
the mode of workiug that traUic as
adopted by different companies*
the employment of engines of
greater or less power» that in-
^H creased accommodation to the
Bf public which mvolFes an extra ex-
pense for return carriages, kv.
The London and Birmingham,

I and the Groat Western Kail way,
as metropolitan lines of great traffic
iikd of considerable length, would
li fimt sight appear to furuisb the
fmi mtans of comparison, and
tlicre 18, in fact, no tljfficnlty in
corapa^ring the actual expenses ;
but these lines differ essentially in
the character of tlieir gradients,
and in the amount of t rathe, esti-
mated at per mile, and, above all,
they differ in the character of tbe
engines they employ.

The London and Birmingham
CoDipany have, from the com-
mencement, persevered in the use
of light funr-wheeled engines, while
the Great Western, availing them-
selves of the facilities their gauge
alfordsr have adopted large and
powerful engines, which are worked
at nearly the same cost per mile
as tbe former ; and if such engines
as those on the London and Bir-

mmgham line were essential to
the narrow gauge, the question, aa^
to the economy of working, migbtl
be at once decided in favour of thel
broad gauge ; but this is by no '
means the case : several narrow
gauge lines employ engines of
great power, and work, in conse-
quence, much more elieapU than
the London and Birmingham ;
therefore, the comparisun between
the working expenses of this line
and of the Great Western can only
he considered as a teat of the prin-
ciple of working with light and
with heavy engines, and not as
furnishing a test of the workingj
economy of the two gauges.

It is a common practice with
different railway companies, in their
half-yearly reports lo their pro-
prietors, to state the percentage
of their various expenses, under a
few distinct heads, as compared
with their revenue ; and from these
it appears that on the Great Wes-
tern the locomotive charges, dur-
ing a period of three years, have
VBried between 8.8 and 1 L 1 , averag-
ing 9,7 per cent, on their income,
and on the London and Birming-
ham they have varied, within tlie
same period, between 7. Oand 1CM.IG,
averaging about 8.6 per cent, on
their incume ; and therefore, on a
superficial view of the question,
the London and Birminghflm would
appear to have worked tlieir line
at a cheaper rate ; but valid oh-
jectioud have been made to thi*
comparison on tlie part of the
Great Western; because it is uh-
vious, from the several returns we
have received, that the London and
Birmingham Contjiany ha.s far the
more abundant traffic per mile, and
ought therefore lo he expected to
pei-form its work at a lets percent-
age on ita income. It has been
Stated by Mr. Goocli, that as loco-

446

ANNUAL REGIS

motive superintendent on the Ghreal pensM

Western he is called upon to sap* with tl

ply a certain amount of locomo* would

tiye power, and that the eost of heen i

such power is almost entirely ir- and wc

respective of the load or nomher those

of passengers it is made to draw ; Westei

hut that these nnmhers are of great gaage
importance in comparing the loco- The

motive expenses with the revenue, seng^r

In page 27 of the appendix to Railwa;

this report, an abstract and com- and ten

parative table arc given, founded a]^>ean

on returns furnished by the Great to be <

Western and London and Binning- numbei

ham Railway Companies, showing the hall

that the revenue derived from the lS4o,

passengers* train is 64 per cent, parativi

greater per mile worked, on the weight,

latter than on the former line. It may be
must therefore be obvious that, as Mr.

a test of economy for working, we liage a

cannot adopt the principle of a per- broad ]

centage on the revenue ; neither tons, ai

will the cost per mile run give a seven i

more just comparison as to the 67 tons

economy of the two systems, be- common

cause it is a well-known fact that row gai

the London and Birmingham Com- the Sou

pany have been conveying their 5 tons ;

trafBo with encrines of inadequate therefoi

powor, and that great economy aad be

wouKl result to them by the adop- 126 fin

tion of lanp^r engines. ing wit]

Other dificulties also occur in the toi

iko ct>mpan»on of these expenses teas,

en diiforent linos, in consequence a traffic

<vf the tlitfi^rence in the form of the London

ac<^^nnt*, and of the circumstance the avei

of o«o oi^mpany adapting the prin- be 84.9

cipJo of haxiiifif a rea^ene fund for S tons ;

riMW'w^^ antl othor companies hav- potvtien

inxr T>o 5W<li fund. the load

AX> aTV, t)^cr^fc*re, of opinioB cairiagf

tV.ai tl^t* vno<t satisfactoTT com* 42teBs.
)^ri?>«^T) that can be made of the But ]

<ysvr>,"Ciiy of workinc the two his own

jpunjcr* *"i*l V»i> >»T applying to first powers

Cjt>^;T*Jo*^ <^n>aT^vttring merely le ga«ge «

K\*iyii«e « hat tbc working ex* g*i^ c

1 _

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

447

[•rn Railwray, when working at the
ae ipeod, as 2,0G7 to 1,398, or
Ims 67 per cent. ; tlie load of tlie
flirond go,\i^o in tons* to 4^ tons,
riiich would bo the correspond-
ing load for the narrow gauge ;
so that tho narrow gauge engine
has nioro power over tbo 42 tons it
would have to draw than the broad
gauge lias over its average load of
67 tons, both exclusive of the
weight of the engine and tender,
the narrow gauge carriage in thia
supposition being supposed to con-
tain 84.0 passengers, and the broad
gauge only 47.2.

If, however, it were necessary,
224 first-class passengers might be
placed in ihe seven broad gauge
carriages, and, as it has before
been said, 126 in tbe seven nar-
row gauge carriages : but it ap-
pears likely that tbis extent of ac-
commodation would only be called
for on such rare occasions, that
tbe question of providing for it,
except by nssrstaut power, cannot
be taken into consideration in the
present comparison.

It is obvious, from the foregoing
statement, that the narrow gauge
engine of the class we have been
considering has more power over
the seven narrow gauge car-
riages, and a load of I2G passen-
gers, than the broad gauge engine
has over the seven broad gauge
carriages, and the load of the
same number of passengers j and
that, therefore, if the Great West-
ern had been a narrow instead of a
broad p;auge line, the South West-
ern engines would have had the
same command over tfie existing
passenger traffic of the Great
Western as its own engines now
have with the present construction
of that railway.

Wc must remark, however, that
this calculation is for traina con-

sisting exclusively of pAssengers
and their personal luggage. In
the Great Western average trains
of 67 tons there is an allowance of
about 16 tons for passengers and
luggage, including gentlemen's
carriages. Allowing the same
weight of luggage on tbe narrow
gauge line, the train would still
not exceed 50 tons, which is con-
siderably within the power of the
narrow gauge engine. For it ap-
pears, by the experiments that have
been recently made on the Great
Western Railway, the details of
which are given in the appendix
to the evidence, that the Great
Western engine is capable of pro*
pelling 13 tons at a greater speed
than the average speed of that
line ; and consequently, by the
proportion above stated, tbe nar-
row gauge engine would be capable
of propelling 55 tons at the same
rate. Wo conclude, therefore,
that the work would be performed
at about the same expense for
locomotive power.

That there may be caaos in
which not only the full power of a
broad gauge engine^ is rcrjuired,
but even the assistance of n second
engine, is quite certain, but such
trains form the exception and not
the rule in railway passenger
traffic, and we doubt the soundness
of a principle which involves a
great expense in construction, for
the sake of possessing cfipablhties
80 seldom called into action*.

♦ It appears tliat during the half-year
radiiig June 30, 1845, the number of
miles run by coupled and ajisiirting
en^esfor piMengcr-tmin^ on tl>o Great
Western Railway, amounted to 11,028,
and for ftoodi trolns to 5], 15 J. The
total number of miles run \yy ilic former
tminA being 761,463^ and of the ktter,
159,924,

448 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

It is proper to observe, that the
fbregoinff comparison would have
appeared to stand more in favour
ot the narrow gauge, had we taken
lor the engine of conipariBon one
of those engines of whose increased
capabilities some of the supporters
of the narrow gauge system have
informed us ; but we have preferred
the comparison afforded with the
South Western engine from its
being the one on which Mr. Gooch,
of the Great Western Railway,
superintended the recoi-ded ex-
periments — hence our deduc-
tions are made from data fur-
nished by the advocates of the
broad gauge system, without
€lrawing anything from the evi-
dence on the other side ; and as
these deductions sufficiently de-
monstrate that there is no economy
in the locomotive expenses for
passenger-trains resulting from
working a line on the broad gauge
system, even on such lines as those
which have at the present moment
the most abundant passenger
traffic, any analyzation of the evi-
dence otfered in support of the
narrow gauge system appears to
us to be quite superfluous.

There is one point, however,
stated in Mr. Goochs comparative
table, and repeated in his evidence,
which appears so much at variance
with the results we have obtauied
from other data, as to require ex-
planation.

Mr. Gooch has asserted that the
Great Western Company work
their passenger-trains at half the
expense per ton at which the Lon-
don and Birmingham Company
work their passenger-trains. TIjc
fact is, however, that Mr. Gooch's
calculations refer t^ tli** inoss and
not to the net there-

fore, the com t ap-

Oicable, bo the

profits of these compaaies, imI
affords no proof of economj b
working the passenger triffie oi
the Great Western system.

There can be no doubt, jadgii^
both from Mr. Brunei's evid^kee
given to us, and from his report
to the directors of the Grett
Western Railway Company, tkt
he ongiualJy expected there wouW
be on the Great Western Railwaj
a demand for carrying great num-
bers of passengers at high veloci-
ties ; hut from his own evidence it
appears that the only heavy pa&>
senger traflSc upon that railway is
between London and Reading, and
between Bath and Bristol, being a
total distance of about 50 miles,
out of 24:5.

On the remaining part of tLe
line the passenger traffic, per train,
is small.

If the convenience of the paUie
would admit of the whole of the
passenger traffic of tliis portion of
the line being conveyed daily bj
two or three large trains, Mr.
BruneFs views would have been
perfectly correct in providijig such
|)owerful means ; but experience
has proved that the public require
passeuger trains to be run many
times during the day; and with this
frequency of trains, such numbers
of passengers as Mr. Brunei has
provided for cannot be expecteJ,
even on railways of the largest
traffic, so that practically there is
a waste both of power and of
means. In the case of '* gooJs
traffic,'' the circumstances are not
the same ; railway conveyance fur
merchandize seems only" to be re>
quired a few times in each day,
and the trains arc generally large.
The *' through" waggons have for
the most part a full load, and the
disproportion between the gross
and the net weight is consequently

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

419

»

much less than in iho pasaengcr-
trains ; still » however it appears
from the evidence of Mr. 11 o rue,
and of other persons cotmeeted
vith the carry ing trade* that on the
London and Birmiiighoni Railway
it frequentlj happens that waggons
are forwarded to a considerable dis-
tance to ** road-side stations/' con-
taining not more than a ton of
goods ; and there can be no donht
that this mnat happen on any li>ng
line of railway. The same al50
occurs in waggons coming in from
hranches along the trnnk line, and
in all such eases the heavy large
waggon of tlie broad gauge must
be disadvantageous ; but although
the evilia not so great with goods*
waggons of the broad gauge as
with their passenger carriages, still
the loss by dead weight is greater
with these than with smaller wag-
gons, and we do not perceive any
advantages iu the broad gauge to
counterbalance it ; for where speed
h not an objeet^and this is the
ease with goods' trains — ^ we believe,
from the evidenee wc have received,
that engines of nearly the same
tractive power arc to be found on
many narrow gauge lines as those
in nae on the broad gauge.

Thus far we have considered the
question with reference to the rail-
ways as they now exist, and com-
posed in a great measure of trunk
lines of considerable traffic ; but the
rail IV ay a to be made in future will
in some degree be branches or lines
in districts having traffic of less
magnitude than is to be provided
for in the existing railways ; and
hence, if for the greater trunk lines
a superiority were due to the broad
gauge system, that superiority
wouhl be less for lines yet to be
couHtructed of a smaller amount of
traffic ; and necessarily, if the pre-
ference were given to the narrow

Vol. LXXXVIIL

L.

gauge for the existing lines, that
system would be still more entitled
to the preference for the railways
of smaller traffic to which we look
forward,

Wc must here add, thnt towards
the close of our in([uiry Mr* Brunei
requested, on the part of the broa^t
gauge companies, to institute a set
of experimeuta to test the power of
their engines, and Mr. Bidder, on
the part of the narrow gauge com-
panies, undertook, in consct^uence
of such appheation, to make cor-
responding experiments on the
narrow gauge. After sanctioning
these trials, and being present at
the performance of tlicm, a record
of which will be found in the ap-
pendix, we may observe, without
entering into a minute detail of the
results or the discrepancies be-
tween the returns as furnished by
the two parties themselves, that we
consider them as confirming the
statements and results given by
Mr. Gooch, in his evidence ; prov-
ing, as they do, that the broad
gauge engines possess greater
capabililiea fur speed with equal
loads, and, generally speaking, of
propelling greater loads with equal
speed ; and, moreover, that the
working with such engines is
economical where very high speeds
are required^ or where the loads to
be conveyed are such as to require
the full power of the engine. They
confirm also the evidence given
by Mr* Bidder as to the pos^sibility
of oh tai n i 0 g h i gh e v ap 0 r a t i V e p 0 w cr
wnth long engines for the narrow
gauge ; but under somewhat pe-
culiar circumstances. It appears,
moreover, that the evaporation
thus obtained does not produce a
corresponding useful etfcct in the
tractive power of the engine ; a
circumstance that would probably
be differently explained by Mr,

2G

450 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

Gooch and by Mr. Bidder ; bat. m
we do not refer to the power of
tbiB description of engine in tbe
dedactions we have made, it is un-
necessary for us to allude further
to them.

After a full consideration of all
the circumstances that hare come
before us, and of the deductiona we
bare made from the evidence, we
are led to conclade —

1. That as regards the safety,
accommodation, and conrenience of
the passengers, no decided prefer-
ence is due to cither gauge, but
that, on the broad gauge, the mo-
tion is generally more easy at high
relocities.

2. That, in respect of speed, we
consider the adyantages are with
the broad gauge, but we think
the public safety would be en-
dangered in employing the greater
capabilities of the broad gauge
much beyond their present use,
except on roads more consolidated
and more substantially and per-
fectly formed, than those of the
existing lines.

3. That, in the commercial case
of the transport of goods, we be-
lieve the narrow gauge to possess
the ^eater convenience, and to be
the more suiteil to the general
traffic of the country.

4. That the broad gauge involves
the greater outlay, and that we have
not boon able to discover, either in
the maintenance of way, in the
cost of locomotive power, or in the
other annual expenses, any ade-
quate reduction to compensate for
the additional first cost.

Therefore, esteeming the im-
portance of the hifi^hest spoeil on
express trai accommoda-

tion of a c "mall num-

hor of pc desirable

tkat may ' for less

■KNoent' nvased

cooventence to the general ein-
mercial traffic of the eoantry, «c
ore inclined to consider the nanot
gauge as that which shcnld be ftt-
ferred for general conreiueiife ;
and, therefore, if it were ia*
peratire to produce nnifbrmity, «•
should recommend that unifonDiiT
to be produced by an alteration i
the broad to the narrow gaage,
more especiall j when we take ioH
eonsideration that the extent of ^
former at present in work is oolr
274 miles, while that of tbe lattff
is not less than 1,901 miles, tmi
that the alteration of the former to
the latter, even if of equal lengdi.
would be the less costlj as well tbe
less difficult operation.

We are desirous, however, of
guarding oursolFCs from being
supposed to express an opinioo
that the dimension of 4 fL o^ in.
is in all respects the most suited
for the general objects of tke
country. Some of the engiaecn
who have been examined by as
have given it as their opinion/ that
5 ft. would be the best dimensioD
for a railway gauge; others bare
suggested 5 ft. 3 in., 5 ft. G io.,
and even 6ft., but none have re-
commended so great a breadth as
7 ft., except those who are more
particularly interested in the broad
gauge lines. Again, some en-
gineers of eminence contend that
a gauge of 4 ft. 8^ in. gives ample
space for the machinery of the en-
gine and all the railway require-
ments, and would recommend no
change to be made in the gauge.

We may observe, in reference
to this part of the question, that
the Eastern Counties railway was
originally constructed on a gauge
of 5 feet, and has since been con-
verted into a gauge of 4 ft. 84 in.,
to avoid a break of gauge ; and we
have been informed that some lines

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.

451

in ScotUnil, original] j on the

gauge of 5 ft. 3 in., are about to
be altered to 4 ft. Si in, for tbe
same reason.

Willi tcver miglit be tbe prefer-
able course were the question now
to bo discussed of the gAUgc for an
entire system of railways, where
none previously existed to clash
with tbe decision, yet, under tJie
present state of things, we see no
sufficient reason to suggest or re*
commend tbe adopdon of any gauge
intermediate between the narrow
gouge of 4 ft. 8i in. and the hroad
gauge of 7 ft.> and we arc peculiarly
struck hy tbe circumstance, that
almost flfl tbe Continental railways
have been formed upon the 4 ft*
8j in. gauge, the greater number
baling been undertaken after a
long experience of both the broad
and the narrow gauge in this
country ; nor must the fact be lost
sight of, that some of these rail-
ways have been constructed as well
as planned by English engineers,
_» and amongst that number we find
^V'lfr. BnmeU the original projector
^B<l»f the broad gauge. Mr. Bnmel
^Iwas also the engineer of tbe
■^ Merthyr Tydvil and Cardiff line,
which is on the 4 ft. 8 J in. gauge;
and we think that the motives
which led to hiR adoption of the nar-
row gauge in that instance would
equally apply to many Englislt
lines.

We are Benslhle of tbe import-
ance, in ordinary eircumBtanccs, of
leaving commercial enter|)rise as
well as tbe genius of scientific nieu
unfettered; we therefore feci that
the restriction of tbe gauge is a
measure that should not be lightly
entertained ; and we are wilbng to
admit, were it not for tbe great
evil that must inevitably be ex-
perienced when lines of unequal
gauges come into contact^ that

varying gradients, curves, and
trafEc might justify some differ-
ence in tbe breadth of gauge.
This appears to be tbe view which
Mr. Brunei originally took of tbe
subject ; for the Great Western
proper is a line of unusually good
gradients, on which a larger pas-
senger traffic was anticipate J, and,
as it touched but slightly on any
mineral district, it embraced all
tbe eonveniences and advantages
of the broad gauge system, and
was comparatively free from tlie
influence of those defect.*? on which
we have commented ; but such a
breadth of gauge, however auit-
able and applicable it may have
originally been considered to Its
particular district, appears wholly
inapplicable, or at least very ill
suited to tbe rcquircmonta of many
of our northern and mitllnnd linos.

In reference to the bnmches
already in connection with tbe
Great W^estern railway, we may
observe » that the greatest average
train on the Oxford branch, for
two weeks in July and Octol>er,
was only 48 tons ; on the Chelten-
ham branch, it did not exceed 46i
between Bristol and Exeter, 53 ;
and between Swindon and Bristol
it was imder 60 tons. With such
a limited traffic the power of tbe
broad gauge engines seems beyond
the requirements of these distriete*.

Wo find from an estimate
furnished to us, and the general
grounds of which we see no reason
to dispute, that the expense of al-
tering the existing broad gauge to
narrow gauge lines, including the
alteration or substitution of loco-
motives and carrying stock, would
not much exceed 1 ,000,000f. ; yet
we neither feel that we can recom-
mend the Legislatvire to sanction
such an expense from the public
monies, nor do we think that the

2 G 2

4S ANXCAL REGISTER, 1846.

jailtAL ipun -a sirsr fuin sx €X-
T^dfannstc . lur :!««l ai{ \mn i &>
xai&. 5aII Jl!st^ aia ^v?

vmiu. H* '''irT ituira axurv eooK
'MR-^jiii "ana a«f sani «W««
Skmauoti^: laii ^ ««tL wnk

wQii«e "s^triii: li £tt* vMaztcrr fir a

«iiif :Si3ii ^ax* isme ^nxn*. w^nU Ve
mm. tans ^i:$^ <raiia^ ovuMt Ve

Tiirt T,* ]rt.»ar Mij'e^T tie 5jtli>«u^

5 J Liccxe^ >^ %Ktriar*»i br the Le-
cbli:*:^ w be the c^a^ w be
«»ed It 4- pctbcc r*iIw;iT^ !»▼
KB&i^fr cvrtt>n73ccoQ. or hereafter to
be ccosrraietted. tat Great Bntain.

2. Thjit. ttalesj br the eoosent
of the Le-jriiiitTxre. ti sboald mrt be
permitted to the directors of anj

Twakwmj eompanj to alter the guge
«f snch imilfraj.

3. That in order to complete
^ke general chain of narrow gnp
€<inmnic Mtion from the north of
Saglaad to the southern eotst,
aar suitable measure should be
fnmokjed to form a narrow gao|[e
bk finom Oxford to Reading, tnd
^kettee to Basingstoke, or bj adj
iboiter route connecting the pro-
yseJi Rogby and Oxford line with
^ke Sooth Western railway.

1. That as any junction to
Ve Ibnned with a broad gauge line
mold ittTidTe a break of gsQge,
fnyrided oar first recommendatioo
Ve adopted, great <H>mmereial in-
esBveaieBee would be obtained hj
redacing the gauge of the pre-
KBl broad gauge lines to the nir
law gaage <^ 4 feet 8| indies;
aad we, tiier^bre, think it de-
tkaUe that some equitaUe meua
AodM be Ibond of producing sodi
entire uniformity of gauge, or of
adopting such other course ss
voidd admit of the narrow gtoge
carnages passing, without inter-
ruption or danger, along the
brvad gauge lines.
^(Signed)

J. M. Frederic Smith, (L.S.)
Lieut.-CoL Royal Engineers.

G. B. AiRT, (L.S.)

Astronomer Royal.

Peter Barlow, (L.S.)

Broad and Narrow Gauges C.

STATE PAP Ell.

TREATY BETWEEN UER MAJESTY AND THE UNITED

t STATES OF AMERICA, FOR THE SETTLEMENT
OF THE OREGON BOUNDARY.

Signed at Washington t June 15, 184G.

[BATlFICATIOXg B10HAK6ED AT LOSDOX, JILY 17, 1846.]

HBR Majesty the Queen of the
United KiDgdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, and the United
States of America, deeming it to
he desirable, for the future welfare
of bot!i countries, that tlie stnte of
doubt and uncertainty which has
hitherto prevailed respecting the
Sovereignty and Govenimeut of
the Territory on the North-west
coast of America, lying westward
of the Rocky or Stony Mountains,
should he finally terniinated hy an
aniieuhle compromise of the rights
mutually asserted hy the two
parties over the Baid territory,
Lave respectively named Plenipo-
tentiaries to treat and agree con-
cerning the terms of such settle*
nient, that is to say : —

Her Majesty the Queen of tlio
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland has, on her part, ap-
pointed the Right lloncmrahle
Richard Pakenham» a Member of
Iler Majesty's Most Honourable
Privy Council, and Her Majesty's
Envoy E.xtraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to the United

States J and tlie President of the
United States of America has, on
his part, funiished with fuO powers
James Buchanan, Secretary of
State of the United States ; who,
after having commntiicated to
each other their respective full
powers, found in good and due
form, have agreed upon and con-
eluded the following articles : —

L From the point on the forty-
nintli parallel of north latitude,
where the boundary laid down in
existing Treaties and Conventions
between Great Britain and the
United States terminates, the line
of boundary between the territories
of Her Britannic Majesty and
those of the United States ^h all he
continned westward, along the ?^nid
forty-ninth porallel of north lati-
tude, to the middle of the channel
which separates the continent from
Vancouver's Island ; and ihcnee
southerly, through the middle of
said channel, and of Fnea*s Straits,
to the Pacific Ocean : provided,
however, that the navigation of the
whole of the said channel and

454 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

6tr&h&, sonth of the fortj-mntli
pamllcl of nortli Utitode, remam
free and open to Loth parties.

II. From the point at wlikli the
fuTTY-nintb paralkl of Borth lati-
tude sh&D be fomid to interoeet the
p-eax nortlieni branch of the
C ulumbia Rirer, the nangatioB of
the said branch shaU be free and
cipcm ui the Hadson's Bay Com-
}«i]T, and to aH BritiBh sahJeeU
tradini: widi the same, to ^e point
'niiere the said branch meets the
main s^trcam of the Colmnbia, and
thcnt^c di»ini the said main stream
T{> xiie ot^ean. with free aeeess into
and xhronirh the sud rirer or
T^^tir* ; ii being iroderstood, thai
al! the usoa! portages aikmg the
Imr thnf described shall in Hka
manner l>e free and open.

In naricsunr tiie said nrer er
TivcT^ Bnosh Knbierts, vitli theo*
^f%f»d» and prodnMj ahall be treated
m the same f ciociaj: as ritixeos of
^le Pimsd States T it being, hev-
ever. aiJwar? miderstood, that no-
ihiiu: it. thif article shaD be eoo-
ittrufc a5 jiTPventing, or intended
tr iirrvMiv. the rovermneot of the

Ttvru'tatinni^ :icsp«Tinn: the nariga-
tiiir It! the said rrrer or rivcf*, not in-
n*nsT^5M»Tn iriui t^ pres^eoit tpealy.
1 .^ it the fotnre aj^jiixijuiafaoa
n: :tw tt^^-THirr snirth rtf the forrj-
ntii?i. iiftTabnl €C nnrxib latxrode, as
i**o^*idfC in the ira artirJe of this
T^[*vr^ . tiw i%n««9eww37 rurii* of the
>^if(t!vu ;f' Ikr Oarnnai-Tj^ and of al
l^»:tsh ^hi(v.» mW maT be al-

leftdj in tlie oecupatioii of lad ?
other propertj lawfnEj a^c.-%i
within the sud terntoiT, s^ »

[v. The farms, lands, and c6?
propeitj of orcfj descriptic-n, »•
longing to the Paget *s Scrand A^ri-
enltoral Companj. on the iwi
side of the Cidnmbia Rirer, sUl
be eonfinned to the said Compuj.
In ease, however, the sitaabfli if
tndlndb shaaklW

eonaideied bj the United Staiestd
be of paWe and political impoct-
anee, and the United States' Go-
vernment ahoold Bonify adesreto
obtain possession of the whole or of
any part thereof, the propenj »
reqnmd shall he traiufeued to tke
taid Government at a proper nlm-
tion, to be agreed npon betreea
the parties.

V. ThepreaestTrBafydidlk
imtiied hj Her Britannie Mayotj,
and by the Presideat of the Uvled
States, by tmd with the adrieeaai
eonaentofthe Senate thereof ; aad
the latifieatioiia shall be ^rrliiagw^
at London at the eipiratioo of sii
niOTths &om the date thcteof ; or
sooner if poaaible.

In witness wfaei«of the rufoet-
iTe Pfen^teatiaries have i^ined
the same, and have afixed ^errio
the seals of their arms.

DoneatWashingtoo, theffteenik
day ef Juie, in the year of osr
Lord one thonsand eight koadred
and ^orty-six.

Ri^aan FaszarHAJi. (L.S.)

JjLMES BCCBAXAS. (L.8.}

I.

^ TK our rolumo for tbe year 1 845t
X ftnd in the ISOth page of tbe
CuRO.XKLB, tbe reader will find
briefl j recoriicd tbo discovery of a
new planet » by M, Ilenke, of Bor-

■ lio. Tbi* event, sufficiently inter-
esting in itaelf, and more so from
ike circumstiinctj tbat it bas verified
tbe ficicutific suspicions of pbilo-
Ropliers, tbat Bueba body (being ono
pf the gronp of nmall planets situ-
ated betwDon Mars and Jupiter,
called Asteroids, of wbieb Ceres,
Juno, PaUas, and Vatu are tbe
otber members) must, sbotdd it
really cxht^ iu tbe course of its
periodic rerolution round tbe sun

rnear tbo position in wbieb
lleackc'a diligence finally dis-
covered it, baa bow received an in*
creased degree of importance, by
tlie discovery lu tbis year of aaotber
planet exterior to all mniilqir bodies
of our system, Tbis latter dis-
covery partakes in no degrees of tbat
character of accident wbieb is at-
tached to one part of tlio discovery of
Asirwa ; for wbereaB tbe lattor was
perceived by M. Hericko whilo
nweeping tbat part of tbe beaven*
ivitb bia glass, immediately known
by bim to bo a new body, and
tuapeoted to bo the planet wbieb
tbe reuoning of aatronomers bad
taugbt was to be expected in tbat
part of tbo system, tbis new and
more wonderful discovery was tbo
result of pure reason and calcula-
tion, and atiord!* an admirable
proof of tbe trutb and aecufflcy of
astronomieal science. As has been

discoveries (and in especial in
astronomy), tbe merit bai* been
claimed by at least two parties,
and tbeir respective causes liave
been taken up witb great wamitli
by tbeir friends and counlr^ymen.
Witbont prcteudiiig to express any
opinion an to wbom the chief credit
is due, it may be permitted
to observe, tbat bad our distin-
guished countryman, Mr. Adams,
been as decided in promulgating
bis calcubtions as bis Frencb
competitor, the honour of the dia^
covery would un^juestionably have
belonged to England ; but as M*
Lo Verrier bad proceeded with his
elaborate calculations siainltauo-
onsly, was the earliest in an pounc-
ing bis theory, and the discovery
of tbe planet resulted more im-
mediately from sucb publication
than from tbe private communica-
tion of Mr. Adams to bis scientific
friends, the Frencb have veiy
pUuaiblo grouudr^ for claiming tbo
bonour for their gifted countryman.

The following extracts from tbe
Report of tbe Royal Astronomical
Society will convey tbe most cor-
rect and most scientific account of
those importiint dibcovcries : —

L Report Jan. 1, 184C. An-
nouncement of tbe Discovery of
tbe new planet Aitrwa; witb Obaer-
vattona, Elements, <Lc.

The addition of a new planet to
tbe solar system is a fact so in-
teresting and important in astro-
nomy, as to require tbat tbo nu-
merous communications of which

the cai6 with many other great it has already been the aubjcct

456 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

should be treated SDd discussed, in
the publications of this Society,
with a greater regard to classifi-
cation and arrangement than is
necessary, or indei^ always prac-
ticable, in other cases of less pro-
minent interest. Instead, therefore,
of giving an abstract of each se-
parate communication that has
been received respecting the new
planet Astrcea, it is proposed to
giYCj first, a brief historical notice
of its discovery, and of the man-
ner in which the search after it was
prosecuted ; secondly, a tabular
statement of the observations of
the planet which have been re-
ceived ; and, thirdly, the elements
which have been computed. With
regard to its history, the first fact
that occurs to us, as equally credit-
able to its discoverer and instruct-
ive to amateur astronomers and
others who are desirous to extend
the bounds of astronomical science,
is, that its discovery was by no
means accidental, but the rewanl
of long and well-directed search.
Perhaps many persons are apt, on
occasions like the present, to re-
gard the discovery of any new body
in our system as a lucky accident,
resulting from a casual or careless
sweep among the stars, though the
fact with regard to the greater
number of such discoveries is
directly the opposite of this. The
four asteroids which have been for
years recognised as belonging to
our system were the reward of
three or four successive steps of
true philosophical inquiry. An
obvious analogy existed in the dis-
tances of the primary planets from
the sun, which, though not the
result of any known law of nature,
was yet sufficiently evident in fact
to draw the attention of astro-
nomers to its equally remarkable
\ilure at one particular distance.

idz. that at which those boCn
were afterwards diBCorered. It
was at least worth j of an attaint
at its Yerification ; and such wm
accordingly instituted bj seToii
astronomers. Lamhert appein
first to have suggested the idea of
the existence of a jet undiseorovd
body, and Bode*s celebrated em-
pirical law was published by himia
1772 ; but no serious attempt bj
means of co-operation was made to
effect its discovery till the autumn
of the year 1800, when an Associa-
tion of twenty-four astronomers was
formed, having Schroter for their
president and Zach for secretanr,
who engaged to obserre thoroogbiy
every star visible within the zo-
diacal limits. The announcem^
of the discovery of Ceres by
Piazzi, on Jan. 1, 1801, was made
to Lalande, Bode, and Oriani on
the 24th of Januaiy following,
very soon after the formation <A
this Association*, and its planetary
nature was soon recognised. Thn
discovery was speedily followed by
that of Juno by Harding, and of
Pallas and Vesta by Olberst. The
last planet, it is well known, was
discovered through a search sug-
gested by the curious yet natural
hypothesis of the bodies being
fragments of a large planet which
had been shattered into fragments.
Uranus also, to use Sir John Her-
schel's own words, ''was dis-
covered by Sir W. Herschel, in the
course of a review of the heavens,
in which every star visible in a
telescope of a certain power was
brought under close examination,
when the new planet was immedi-

* It is a singular hd that Piazzi was
not a member of this Aasociatioo, and
that, in spite of such an organizatioD, the
discovery was, in hct, accidental.

f PaBoM was discovered in 1808; Jum
in 1804; and Festo in 1807.

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.

457

■ ately tletected by its disc, under
a high Hifigmfying power.'*

Such, briefly^ is the well-known
hiatory of the discovery of tlioso
planets of our system which re-
qdired the aid of optical resources
and of pei"8everiiij^ search among
the stars for tht^ detection of their
oxifiteneo ; and it is interesting to
tind that we are indebted for our
knowledge of Astrcea to a similar
sagacity and persevemiice. The
discovereri M, Hencke^ of Dricssen
in Prussia, is a gentleman who,
at one period of his life, was em-
ployed in the post-office of that
town, hut who, being gifted with
a taste for astronomical pursuits,
has, for tlie last fifteen years, been
rendering himself familiar with the
general features of the heavens,
for the express purpose of dis-
covering such a body as lias now
rewarded his exertions. The eir-
euuiBtaneea which attended the dis-
covery of the other four asteroids
rendered it, antecedently, ex-
tremely probable that others yet
remained to be deteeted ; and the
dilKiMiUy lay in conducting a search
of such a nature. The body to ho
discovered would be probably of a
hrightness equivalent to a star of
from the 8th to the 10th magni-
tude, and the only sensible circnm-
«?tance in which it would ditier
fron» the star would bo its motion.
But the motion of a body can bo
detected only by comparisons be-
tween its situations on different
days ; and there would be nothing
to direct the choice of the objects
to be tried amongst the hundreds
that one sweep of the telescope
would present to the observer
Nothing, then, it is evident, but a
complete familiarity with the part
of the heavens under revieiv, and a
knowledge of the relative positions
of all the stars in it, to the limits

of the lowest magnitude above
specified, would suffice to assure
the observer of the presence of an
object in a particular position on
one evening which did not occupy
that position on a preceding. M.
Ilencke, while examining a portion
of tb^ heavens in the fourth hour-
of R,A*, on December 8, was im-
mediately aware of the presence,
directly between two stars of the
DJOtb magnitude, marked on the
Berlin maps, and denoted by the
positions.

N.P.D,

AadR.A. ,.,
N.RD.

.77^ l& 1

■■}

, 4* 20« 20* 1

of a star of tho 9tb magnitude, not
marked on tho maps ; and, from
his familiarity with this part of the
heavens, he felt assured that tho
star did not previously exist there.
He WTO to immediately to Professor
Encke, and soon afterwards to
Professor Schumacher (the letter
to Schumacher was received by
him December 13), announcing his
suspicious of the discovery of a
new planet, and giving the position
of the star in question for the tini©
of his observation, viz,^ —

Dec. 8, 8^ Beriifi Mean Time.

RA......

N.P.D.

- 65 25
-p 77 19

Professor Encke and Professor
Schumacher i m m ed j a tcly made
public M. Ilenckc's communica-
tion; the new planet immediately
became the focus of observation to
all the astronomers of Europe and
America, who published tho results
of their investigation, which, as is
to be expected, all differ somewhat
from each otlier, although in a very
sliglit degree. Those of Encke, as

498 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

w« afyeiicd ■ It wm uammoiulj
^iM^A lo giTe tka lUBitt of AHrmm

FWifff of Eaeke, eommiai-
cafted Vt rrofesMT Sdminarhfr»
1$4^ IVwflib«r25,—

214 3S 7.0

119 44 97.5

7 42 &4

a4il44
M » 1 JtfiS 4bn^
O-j wfimui aai fiMHtttits . for

A » «^^ « ^^

> »^aK,B^«^;k^>»M7440;

C - J5M «»'
!L A<iN«£i of w&p <innB»-

It ^ift5 W4 >«wai w:sail t^ Aibut
h/U 1^ nMOMri ti ^» «MMT

ever ovi^ tssM^ 1 un i».>a Jl^4:>^
ilui till* if Ji TTvtrr^r cc p.-uci^re

&crcaJa]t of tliAM» cAnen «f i^
•ocktT whh m^MBB tbc «mB^
Mc&t of ifOT JDCiaim ha& ]«nDO-
ftltj restod. An^ iImitc cm Ve
BO doQibl sikM ^ or^iuffT nue
vast Ke a role for tbe oxrh^fm <i
Mpers of tins clurfeaa', mi3 tbAi.
if a posxu\Y reyol^tiiw u lo W
m^it, it iBssi ^ ifliM

the presentation of such HiBtoritt.
Yet it 18 conceiFable that ereott
maj occur in which this rule oufkt
to be rehuced ; and such, I ud
persuaded, are the circumsUneei
attending the discoYory of tk
planet exterior to Uranus. In (k
whole history of astronomy — I liad
almost said in the whole hUtoij of
scieoce — there is nothing eompar-
aUe to this. The history of the
discoreries of new phuiets id tbe
latter pari of the last cestoiy,
and in the present centoiy, offien
nothing aniJogous to it. Uraoia,
Ceres, and Pallas, were diaeoTered
in the coarse of researches whkli
did not contemplate the possiUe
discovery of planets. Juno siid
Vesta were discorered in following
np a series of ohserrations sug-
gested by a theory which. fnritW
as it has been, we may ahnoft
Twtore to caU fancifuL Astms
was foond in the course ci a veU-
eoadocted re > examination (^ tke
bcsrens, apparently contem]Jsting
the discovenr of a new planet as
siiIt one of many possible results.
Bat the motions of Uranos, exs-
Ksed by philosophers who were
IoBt impraied with the luuTer-
siIaT of the law of graTitstkn,
hsre knc exhibited the cfiecU cf
Bome distarbing body : mathenis-
laosns hare as lei^h rentined
on the task of ascertaining where
s»ch a body eooid be ; they hsre
pmted o«i that the sappoHtkm of
a i&stariug body morbig in a cer-
tain odA. precisely indieated hj
them, wooM entirely esfdaia the
c^MTTcd diAarbances of Uranus:
they hare exfiressed their coaiic-
IM, with a innness which I aast
<^ararteriw as woaderfnl, that the
£nBihiB|: fdanet w>oald be fooad
exacs3y in a certain spot, and pn-
smmr eac^ a

with

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES. 4 59

that appearance, the planet has
been found. Kothing m the whole
history of astronomy can he com-
pared with this.

The principal steps in the theo-
rctieal investigations have been
made by one individual, and the
published disco very of the planet
was necessarily made by one in-
dividual. To these peraouB the
public attention has been princi-
pally directed ; and well do they
deserve the honours which they
have received, and which they
will continue to receive. Yet we
should do wrong if wo considered
that these two persons alone are
to bo regarded as the authors of
Ae discovery of this planet. I am
confitJent that it will be foimd that
the discovery is t% consequence of
what may properly bo called a
movement of the age; that it haa
been urged by the feeling of the
icienti^c world in general, and has
been nearly perfected by the colla-
teral, but independent labours, of
various persons possessing the ta-
lents or powers best suited to the
different parts of the researches.

Without pretending to fix upon
a time when the conviction of the
irreconcilability of the motions of
Uranus with the law of gravit-fttion
first fixed itself in the minds of
some individuals, wo may without
hesitation date the genenil belief
ill this irrcconeilnbiHty from the
publication of M. Alexis Bouvard's
Tables of Uranus, in 1821. It
was fully shown, in the introduc-
tion to the tables, that, when every
eoirection for perturbation indicated
by the best existing theories was
applied, it was still impossible to
reconcile the observa lions of Flam-
steed, Lemonnier, Bradley, and
Mayer» with the orbit required by
the observfttions made after 1781:
and the clemeuta of the orbit were

adopts from the latter observa-
tions, leaving the discordances with
the former (amounting eometimea
to three minutes of arc) for future
explanation*

The orbit thus adopted repre-
sented pretty well the observations
made in the years immediately fol-
lowing the publication of the tables.
Cut in five or six years the dis-
cordance again growing up became
80 great that it could not escape no-
lice. A small error was shown by
tho Kremsmiinstcr Ohsei-vations of
1825 and 1826: but, perhaps, I
nm not in error in stating that tho
discordance was first prominently
exhibited in the Cambridge Ob-
serrations f tho publication of which
from 1828 was conducted under
my superintendence.

While still residing at Cam-
bridge, I received from the Kev.
T* J. Husscy (now Dr. Eussey)
a letter, of which the following ia
an extract : —

Ilev, T. J. Iluisey ia 0, A ^iry.

17th Nerembef, 1834.
" With M. Alexis Bouvard I
had some conversation upon a tiub-
ject I had often meditated, which
will probably interest you, and
your opinion may determine mine.
Having taken great pains last yew
with some observations of Uranus,
I was led to examine closely
Bouvard 's tables of that planet
The apparently inexplicable dis-
crepancies between the ancient
and modem observationa sug-
gested to nic the possibility of
some disturbing bwly beyond
Uranus, not taken into account
because unknown. Subsefjucdlly,
in conversation with Bouvard, I
inquired if the above- might not
be the oise ; his answer was^ thai,

460 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

as might bare been expected, it
bad occurred to bim, and some
eorrespondence bad taken pUce
between Hansen and bimsclf re-
specting it. Hansen's opinion
was, tbat one disturbing body
woidd not satisfy tbe pbcnomena;
bnt tbat be conjectnred tbere were
two planets beyond Uranus."

My answer was in tbe following
terms: —

0. B. Airy to Bev. T. J. Eussey.

[extract.]

** Observatoiy, Cambridge,
2dnl November, 1834.

'' I bave often thought of the
irregularity of Uranus, and since
tbe receipt of your letter bare
looked more carefully to it. It is
a puzzling subject, but I give it
as my opinion, without hesitation,
tbat it is not yet in such a state as
to givo tbe smallest hope of mak*
ing out tho nature of any external
action on the planet. Flamsteed's
ob.«crvations 1 reject (for the pre-
sent) without ceremony : but the
two observations by Bradley and
Mayer cannot bo rejected. Thus
the state of things is this — the
mean motion and other elements
derived from tbe observatioas be-
tween 1781 and 1825 give con-
siderable errors in 1750, and give
nearly the same errors in 1834,
when the planet is at nearly the
tame part of its orbit. If the
mean motion bad been determined
by ir,>0 and 1834, this would
bave indicated nothing : but tbe
faof i»« that the mean motions
w^TV dotorminotl (as I have said)
i«i4epem)ently. This does not look
liWe iny^^Ur perturbation."

Tho a^trv^now then read

\ l«tor frwn 'V>QTard,

lKift%in^ Ken atten-

tion of the astronomers of Ptiis
was directed to Uranns.

Although no allnaion is made is
tbe last letter (M. £. Bomrard's)
to tbe possible distnrl»ng planet,
it would be wron^ to suppose that
tbere was no thought of it. Ii
fact, during tbe whole of theM
efforts for reforming tbe tables
of Uranns, the dominant tbonglrt
was, "Is it possible to expUin
tbe motions of Uranns, witheot
admitting either a departure from
tbe received law of attraction,
or the existence of a distorbing
planet?" I know not bow fir
the extensive and accurate calcula-
tions of M. Engine Bonranl maj
bave been used in the snbseqoeit
French calculations, but I hare
no doubt whatever tbat tbe know-
ledge of the efforts of M. Bonrard,
the confidence in the accuracy of
bis calculations, and tbe perception
of his failure to reconcile in a sa-
tisfactory way tbe theoiy and the
observations, have tended greatlr
to impress upon astronomers, both
French and English, tbe absolute
necessity of seeking some external
cause of disturbance.

Several months before tbe date
of the last letter quoted, I bad re-
ceived the first intimation of those
calculations which bave led to a dis-
tinct indication of tbe place where
the disturbing planet ought to be
sought.

Professor CkaBit to G. B. Airy,

[extract.]

<* Cambridge ObMTvalofT,
Febniaty l&h, 1844.

" A young friend of mine, Vr.
Adams, of St. Jobn^a College, is
working at the theory of UnuiBS,
and is desiroos of obtaining envn
of tbe tabular geocentrie loBgitodes
of this planely when acar oppo«-

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES. 461

^

tion, in the years 181 8-1 826, with
tlie factors for reduciBg tbcm to er-
rors of heliocentric longitude. Are
your reductions of the planetxiry
observations so far a<!vaiiccd that
you could furnish these data ? and
19 the reijuest one which you have
any ohjeetion to comply with ?
If Mr. Adams may be favoured
in this respect, he is further de-
sirous of knowing, whether in the
calculation of the t^ibiilar errors
any alterations have been made
in Bonvard'a Tables of Uranus,
besides that of Jupiter^s mass.'^

Profeseor Challls, in acknow-
ledging the receipt of my answer,
used the following ej^pressions : —

Profenor ClkaWu to G. B, Airtf,

[extract.]

" Cambridge Observatory »
Februarj 16th, 1844.'

" I am exceedingly obliged by
your sending so complete a sc-
ries of tabular eiTors of Uranus*
* * * The list you have sent
will give Mr. Adams the means of
carrying on in the most effective
manner the inquiry in which he is
engaged,"

The next letter shows that Mr.
Adams had derived results from
these errors.

Professor Challis to 0. i?. Ainj,

** Cmmbridi^c Obwrvattjry,
September 22ttd, 1845,

** My friend, Mr. Adams (who
Trill probably deliver this note to
you), has completed his calculations
respecting the perturbation of the
orbit of Uranus by a supposed ul-
terior planet, and has arrived at
results which he would be glad
to communicate to you personally,
if you could spare him a few mo-

ments of your valuahle time, His
calculations are founded on the ob-
servations you were so good as to
furnish him with some time ago;
and from his character as a ma*
thcmatician, and his practice in
calculation, I should consider the
deductions from his premises to
be made in a trustworthy man-
ner. If he should not have
the good fortune to see you at
Greenwich, he hopes to be al-
lowed to write to you on this
subject.'*

On one of the last days of Oc-
tobefi 1845, Mr. Adams called at
the lloyal Observatory, Greenwich,
in my absence, and loft the follow-
ing important paper ; —

/. C. Adams^ Esq.^ to 0. B, Amj,

** According to my calculations,
the observed irregularities in the
motion of Uranus njay he ac-
counted for by supposing the ex-
istence of an exterior planet, the
mass and orbit of which are as
fijjllows V —

Mean Distaiicu (asfumed

nearly in accordance

with 'Bode'* l.iw) 38.4

Mean Sidereal Motion in

365.25 days raO'.d

Mean Longitude, Ist of

October, 1845 323 31

LoR^imde of Perihelion 315 55

Eccenlricity 0.1610.

Miidd (that of the Sun

being unity) 0.0001650.

For the modem observations I have
used the method of normal places,
taking the mean of the tabular
errors, as given by observations
near three consecutive oppesitions,
to eorrespond with the mean of the
times; and the Greenwich observa-
tions have been used down to 1S30 ,

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

^trbicli, the Cambridge and
dTMBvick obMrrstioiu, aiid ihomB
ftvfm m the AMtramomudi^ Nock'
liifaa. kaw been made use of.
IV folknrmfr ai« the remainiiig
ORvn fif meui longitude : —

1W^

-^aa7

1813

— a94

17»

— oas

1816

— asi

J7»

— 0516

ISI9

—2.00

^>¥'

-!.«

i^at

+a»

!-«

— ftW

lies

-fl.92

^:?«.s

^ II cU>

IftS

+2.95

:7^

— n»

1S31

— 1.06

h%».

— li^^

1SS4

— 1.44

Wfti

-.1 7f

18S7

— 1.02

mrr

-^0.«i

1S40

+ 1.73

lf*U-

-fL^

Tiu f^-^rtr fur 17S0 is ccoidiided
r^-CT Tht: ii\r ITf. cr^en br ob-
^fr^-fciiu. :»^■m.7*rl^fl with tbose of
wr iTT r^r it^ifwrng jtmrK and

ASS. ^ ::i l.i»n».-»7)r^j«r** otiserrAtioiis

• Tor 7Vf fiTtrifxi ^>»KT^lrioTl*•

»«'.^ - ^

^ *

'T.ir

— 4.0

t. "

'.-^KS

— ai

l.>

:>¥

+ 06

r

-TTI

+ I1.S

a. B. Airy io J. C. Adams, Aq.

Rojtl

NoTcmber <

18i5u

'* I nm Teij maeh obUged \j
ihe paper of results irbkb job kft
bere a few dajs since, ^owii;
the pertiirbatioiis on the ifiate i
Uranns, prodaeed bj a planel with
certain assumed elements. Tbe
latter nnmbers are all extready
satisfactory: I am not enosgk
acquainted wiUi Flamsteed's ^
serrations, about 1690, to stj
whether tbej bear sueh an emr,
hot I think it extremelr probsUe.

" But I should be Veiy glad to
know whether this assumoi per-
toibation will ezjJain the error of
the radius rector of Uranns. This
error is now Terj considerable, as
Ton will be able to ascertain by
comparing the normal equations,
given in the Greenwich obserFi-
tions for each jear, for the times
before opposition with the times
after opposition."

I hare before stated, that I
considered the establishment of
this error of the radius vector of
Uranus to be a rerj iraportaot
determination. I therefore con-
sidered that the trial, whether tbe
error of radius roc tor would be ex-
phuned by the same theoij which
exp!:uned the error of longitude*
woTild be trulj an fxperimfntum
cnhTfV. And I waited with much
anxiety for Mr. Adams*s answer to
my qucTT. Had it been in the af-
£mat!ve. I should at once hare
exerted all the infinence wfa:ch
I might possess, either directly
<r !T»direetly. through mj firiend«
rrvteissor Challis, to procure the
publication of Mr. Adamses theonr.

Ftvo some cause with which
I ara unacquainted, probably an
acv^dental one, I receired no im-
mediate answer to thii inquirT.

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES. 463

I

I regret this deeply, for many
reasons.

While I was expecting more
complete information on Mr.
Atlams** theory, the results of a tievr
and most important investigation
reached me from another qnarter-
In the Comple Uendu of the
Fi-ench Aeadcmy. for the 10th of
November, 1845, which arrived in
this comitry in December, there it
a paper hy M. Lc Verrier on the
perturhatioua of Uranus produced
hy Jupiter and Saturn, and on
the errors in the elliptic elements
of Uranus, consequent on the use
of erroneous pertnrhations in the
treatment of the observations*. It
is imposaihle for me here to enter
into details as to the conclusions of
this valuable memoir : 1 shall only
I* Ely that, while the correctness of
tlic former theories, as far as thej
wont, was generally established,
3iiany small terms were added ;
that the accuracy of the calcula-
tions was cstnblishcd hy duplicate
investigations, following different
courses, and executed with extra-
ordinary labour : that the correc-
tions to the elements, produced by
treating the former observations
with theso corrected perturbations,
were obtained ; and that the cor-
rection to the ephemeris for the
present time, prothiced hy the io-
troduction of the new perturbations
and the new elements, was investi
gated, and found to be incapable of
explaining the observed irregularity
of Uranufj. Perhaps it may he
truly iaid, that the theory of
Uranus was now, for the first time,
placed on a satisfactory fonudation.
This importAnt labour, as M. Le
Verrier states, was undertaken at
the urgent request of M. Arago,

In the Cotfipte Rf^mhi for the
Ist of June, IHMi, M. Le Verrier
gave his second memoir on the

theory of Uranus. The first part
contains the results of a new re-
duction of nearly all the exist-
ing observations of Uranus, and
their treatment with reference to
the theory of perturbations, as
amended in the former memoir.
After concluding, from this re-
duction, that the observations arc
absolutely irreconcilable with the
theory, M. Le Verrier considers in
the second part all the possible ex-
planations of the discordance, and
concludes that none m admissible,
except that of a disturbing planet
exterior to Uranus. He then pro-
ceeds to investigate the elementa
of the orbit of such a planet, as-
suming that its mean distance ia
double that of Uranus, and that
its orbit is in the plane of the
echptic. The value of the mean
distance, it is to ho remarked, is
not fixed entirely by Bode's law,
although suggested by it ; seve-
ral considerations arc stated which
compel 113 to take a meau distance,
not very greatly diffcriug from that
suggested by the law, hut which,
nevertheless, without the sugges-
tions of that law, would leave the
mean distance in a most trouble*
some uncertainty. Tlie peculiarity
of the form which the investigation
takes is then explained. Finally,
M, Le Verrier gives as the moat
probable rcsidt of his investiga^
tions, that the true longitude of
the disturbing planet, for the he-
ginning of 1847, must be about
325°, and that an error of 10*
in this place is not probable. No
elements of the orbit or mass of
the planet are given.

This memoir reached me about
the 23rd or 24tb of June, I can-
not sufficiently express the feeling
of deliirht and satisfaction which I
received from it. The place which
it assigned to the disturbing planet

464 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1S46.

ma the same, to one degree, as
tbat giTen bj Mr. Adams s esleu*
lations, which I had perosed serea
months earlier. To this time I
had considered that there was still
room for donht of the acearacj of
Mr. Adams's inrestigatioEis ; for I
think that the results of algebraic
and nnmerical computations, so
long and so complicated as those
of an inrerse problem of perturba*
tions, are liable to many risks of
error in the details of the process :
I know that there are important
numerical errors in the Mecanique
aUsie of Laplace ; in the ITtSorie
de la Lune of Plana ; aboTe all,
in BouTard's first tables of Jupiter
and Saturn ; and, to express it in
a word, I hare always considered
the correctness of a distant ma-
thematical result to be a subject
rather of moral than of mathema-
tical evidence. But now I felt
no doubt of the accuracy of both
calculations, as applied to the
perturbation in longitude. I was,
however, still desirous, as before,
of learning whether the perturba-
tion in radius vector was fully
explained. I therefore addressed
to M, Le Verrier the following
letter:—

G. B. Airy to M, Le Verrier.

" Ro^al Observatory, Greenwich,
June 26ih, 1846.

** I have read, with very great
interest, the accouut of your inves-
tigations on the probable place of
a planet disturbing the motions of
Uranus, which is contained in the
Comnie Rendu de VAcademie, of
the 1st of June; and I now beg
leave to trouble you with the fol-
lowing question. It appears, from
all the later observations of Uranus
made at Greenwich (which are most
Completely n^' 'he Green-

ock Obserf i year, so

as to exhibit the effect of an emr
either in the tabular heUoeentiic
•longitude or the tabular radios
Tcctor), that the tabular ndioi
yector is conaiderably too smtJL
And I wish to inquire of jot
whether this would be a conte-
quence of the disturbance pio-
duced by an exterior planet, nov
in the position which yon htTC
indicated ?

** I imagine that it would not be
so, because the principal term of
the inequality would probably be
analogous to the moon s variatioB,
or would depend on sin 2 (c— 0;
and in that case the perturbidoa
in radius vector would have the
sign — for the present relatiTe
position of the planet and Uranus.
But this analogy is worth litde,
until it is supported by proper
symbolical conaputations.

•* By the earliest opportunity I
shall have the honour of trans-
mitting to you a copy of the PU-
netary Reductions^ in which you
will iind all the observations made
at Greenwich to 1830 carefully
reduced and compai*cd with tlie
tables."

Before I could receive M. Le
Verrier 's answer, a transaction oc-
curred which had some influence
on the conduct of English astro-
nomers.

On tho 29th of June, a meetinj^
of the Board of Visitors of the
Boyal Observatory of Greenwich
was held, for the consideration of
special business. At this meeting.
Sir J. Uerschel and Professor
Challis (among other members of
the Board) were present ; I was
also nrcscnt, by invitation of the
Board. The discussion led, inci-
dentally, to the general question
of the advantage of distributing
subjects of observation among

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.

465

*

different observatories. I spoko
stronglj in favour of. j^uob distribu-
tion ; and I produced, as an in-
fitonce, tbc eitreme probability of
now discovering a new^ planet in a
Terj abort time, provided tbe
powers of one observatory could be
directed to tbe searcb for it. I
ga?e» as tbe reason upon wbJcb
tbis probability was based, tbe vary
close coincidenec between tbe re-
suits of Mr* Adamses and M. Le
Verrier's investigations of tbe sup-
posed planet disturbing Uranus, T
am autborized by Sir J. Herscbers
printed statement in the AthemEum
of October tbe 3rd, to ascribe to tbe
strong expressions wbicb I tben
used tbe remarkable sentence in
Sir J. HerscheFs address, on Sep-
tember tbe lOtli, to tbe Brttisb
Association assembled at Soutb-
amptim : — * We see it [tbe proba-
ble new planet] as Columbus saw
America from tbe sboresof Spain,
Its movements bave been felt»
trembling along tbe far-reacbing
line of our analysis, witb a eor-
tainty bardly inferior to tbat of
ocular demonstration/ And I am
autborized by Professor CbalHs. in
oral conversation, to state tbat tlie
»arae expressions of mine induced
him to contemplate tbe searcb for
tlie suspected planet.

M. Le Verricr's answer reached
me^ 1 believe, on the 1st uf July.
Tbe following are extracts from
it:—

M. Le Verrier to G, B, Ainj.
** Paris, 28 Juin, 1*46.

** • ♦ ♦ 11 a loujeurs ete dans
[ mon d^su" de vous en ccrire, anssi
I qo*a voire savaute Societe. Mais
I j*attendais» pour eel a, que nies re-
1 chercbes fussent completes* et ainsi
nioins indigncsde vousetre offertes.

Vol. LXXXVIIl.

Je eompte avoir termini la rectifi-
cation des elements de la planete
trouble n to avant ropposition qui va
arriver ; et parvenir a eonnattre
ainsL les positions du nouvel astre
avec une grande precision. Si je
pouvftis esip^rer que vous aures
assez de eonfianee dans mon travail
pour chercher cette planete dans le
ciel, je mVmpresserais, Monsieur,
de vous envoyer sa position exacte>
des C|ne je Faurai obtenue.

*' La comparaison des positions
d*Uramts, observeci* dans ces der-
nieres annees, dans lea oppcisitlons
et dans les quadratures, nioutre
que le rayon de la planete, calcule
par les tables en U8age» est effec-
tivemeiit tres-ineiact. Cela n*a pas
lieu dans mon orbite, telle que je
Tai determinee ; il n y a pas plug
dVrreur dans les quadratures que
dans les oppositions.

** Le rayon est done bien calcule
dans mon orbite j et, si je no me
trompe, M. Airy desirerait savoir
quelle est la nature de la correc-
tion que j *ai fait subir a cet egard
aux tables en usage ?

** Vous avez raison, Monsieur,
de pcnserque cette eorreetion n*est
jias due a la perturbation du rayon
vecteur produitu actueUcnunt par
la planete troublante. Pour s'en
rcndro un eompte exact, il faut re-
niarquor que Forbite d* Uranus a
ete calculee par M, Bouvard sur
des positions de la planete qui n'6-
taient pas les positions cUtptiqueft,
puisqnVn n'avalt paspu avoi regard
aux perturbations produitea par la
planete ineunnue. Cette circon-
stance a nccessairement rendu les
elements de F ellipse faux, et c'est
a Ferreur de Fexeeutrieite et a
Ferreur de la longitude du peobelie
qu'ilfaut attribuer Ferreur actuelle
du rajron vecteur d'Uranui*

" 11 rebuUe de ma theorie que
2 H

466 ANNUAL REGISTER^ 1846.

lexceiiincite donnee par M. Bon-
Tmid doit etre sugmenlee, et qu*il
<s iKt de meme de U longitude du
•enhelie ; deux causes qui contri-
Wmt« i eaiKs^ de U position aetu-
«tte de U pknete dans son orbite,
a aagmoiter le raron recteur. Je
■e traasms pas kt les valeurs de
ci» acerasseittents* parceque je ne
Ws at pas eiicix« arec toute la
i^pwor pnmsie, mais je les aurai
reirdie avaait on oiois, ei je me ferai
«a dervxr* Moasieor, de toos les
tnAsaaeit^ aa$»tk>t« si c^ tous
«Mt acTvaiiie.

"^ 2e sae Kvmecai a ajouier que
la MMM em qoadiatute, dedoite
em a544 de» demx oppositions qui
la oiSftpwaaMmt^ aa «M»T«m de mes
idraaWtf^ fte diim de k poMtion
aikwmM q«e tie 0^^ ; ce qui
pey«T>^ qoe ren^Mr dm raToa

4f

Au Ma inriami dommer pirns
b^WsMne 4 k^Mte de mes

qm us trnMcmt nn cooipte
xrijyiffifcwai de tomies^ W etrmm-
auoiMts t^ |cvvKW<«De, Aiasi. fem
qmr Jfo m ave isai ^ssaore dams bms
pmnaieintt^ T>oeiMffv>Kds> qme das oppo>
satioin>^ W qmadrumras &\«t pas
lais»' de nc traorer caMlw areic
Kvste TexM^dtiide pdud^le. Le
imvwi trirtJNiT s"e« tavmre recta:^
de hiv-moDe, ssms ^me Tom Temt
piis efn cc«a$^TWom d'vme ma>
miere dir^rt^". Ex^Qdc^^smcA, Mom-
saeur, d^ iii$a$4:eir ^vr <*e |»oiiiu C 'att
mme snite dn detsar qme j'ai d'o^

'^'JeTMterncarfic luem dupiUisr
les ohserruioDS- qme rcvos to«^
Kien m'aniioiicer, HaI}K!iinP09e>
iBent le t«inps pes^iie ; ropfKAitiom
approebe ; n ^st de t^wte meiceis-
«ie qme jaw -^"sar ceu«

fpoqne. Je ? mk pas

comprendre cea obserrationfl dsu
mon trarail. Mais elles me seront
tr^atiles pour me senrir de verifi-
cationa ; et c*e8t ce a quoi je les
emplojerai certainement/^

It is impossible, I think, to
T^A this letter without being stniek
with its clearness of explanstioBt
with the writer's eztraordinsTT
command, not only of the phjiieii
theories of perturbiation, but slaoo^
the geometrical theories of the de-
duction of orbits from obserratios,
and with his perception that his
theory ou^hi to explain all tke
phenomena, and his firm belief thst
it kad done so. I had now no
longer any doubt upon the realitj
and general exactness of the pre-
diction of the planet's place.

On the 13th of Ju^I trans-
mitted to Professor Challis ** Sug-
gestMHis lor the Examination of s
Portion of the HeaFens in seaith
of the external Planet which is
wesumed to exist and to prodoee
dBstnrbance in the motion of Ura-
mitf/* and laccompanied them with
the foUowing letter : —

O. B, Airy to Professor CkaUii.

'^ Roval ObserraiDfy. Gree&wicl^
July, la, 1818.

** I hare drawn up the inclosed
paper, in order to gire you a notion
of the extent of work incidental to
a swrep fn* the possible |danet.

*' I only add at present tli^t,
im my opinion, the importance d
this inquiiT exceeds that <A snj
cmiiimi wonL, which is ai soch s
matmre as not to he totaflj lost by
deliy.

Oi Angwt the Tth, Profeasor
ChalEs, writing to my confidential
assistant (Mr. Main/ in mT sim-
posed ahsenee, said —

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.

467

^

Pfo/euor ChallU to the Bev.

B, Main,

[extbact.]

** Cambridge Obaenraloryr

August 7, 1846.

*' I hare luidertaken to ee&rch

for the supposed new planet more
distant than Uranug. Already I
have made trial of two difforent
methcjds of tjbserving. In one
method, recommended by Mr. Airy
^ * • I met with a difficulty
which I had anticipated. ♦ ♦ ♦
I adopted a second method.**

From ft subsequent letter (to
he cited hereafter), it appear* that
Professor C hall is had commenced
the search on Jnly the l^^Dth, and
had actually observed the planet on
August the 4th, 1846.

At Wiesbaden (which place I
left on Soptemhcr the 7th )» I re-
ceired the following letter from
Professor Challia : —

i Pro

H Fro/euor Challis to G, B, Airy,

^^^^ [EXTE4CT.]

^^^^K ** Cambfidge Obserratoiy,

^^^^ September % 184G. *

^H ** I have lost no opportunity of
^^k iiarching for the planet ; and, the
^^F i^ghts having been generally pretty
^^ good, 1 have taken a considerable
nmnber of observations : but 1 get
over the ground very slowly, think-
ing it right to include all stars to
10—11 magnitude ; and I find, that
to scrutinize, thoroughly, in this
way the proposed portion of the
hearens, will require many more
ohservationa than 1 can take this
year.''

On the same day on which
Professor Challis wrote this letter,
Mr. Adams, who was not aware of
my absence from England, ad-

dressed the following very im-
portant letter to Greenwich : —

/. C. Adami Esq,, to G\ B, Airy,

** St John's CoUvgo, Cambridgei
September % 1846,

[This letter, which contains
some very important and minute
calculations, is too long for inser-
tion, hut it contains the following
observations : — ]

** I am at present employed in
diseusaing the errors in latitude,
with the view of obtaining an ap-
proximate value of the inclination
and position of the node of the
new planet's orbit ; hut the per-
turbations in latitude are so very
Bmall that I am afraid the result
will not have great weight. Ac-
cording to a rough calculi) tion
made some time since, the incli-
nation appeared to he rather large,
and the longitude of the ascend-
ing node to be about 300^ ; hut I
am now treating the subject much
more completely, and hope to ob-
tain the result in a few days.

** I have been thinking of draw-
ing up a brief account of my
investigation to present to the
British Association.*'

On the 31st of August, M.
Le Verrier's second paper on the
place of the disturbing planet
(the third paper on ^ the motion of
Uranus} was communicated to the
French Academy. I place the
notice of this paper after those
of September ^, «fec. because* in
the usual coJurse of trausraiasion
to til is country, the No. of the
(hmpim Rmdus containing this pa-
per would not arrive here, at the
earliest, before the third or fourth
week in September ; and it does
not appear that anir earlier notico
2 H 2

4

I

46a ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

of iu coDtents was received in
SngUnd.

It IB not my design here to
giTO a complete analysis of this
remarkable paper ; but I may ad-
TSit to some of its principal points.
M. Le Verrier states that, con-
nderiog the extreme difficulty of
aUempling to solve the problem
in aU its generality, and consider-
i^ that the mean distance and the
epoch of the disturbing planet were
detcmuned approximately by his
fttnner inreatigations, he adopted
Ike conreetions to these elements
aa two of the unknown quantities
to be iBv«atigated. Beai<ks these,
llMff« are tlw planet's mass, and
tm qvantiuea from which the
«cc«ntneity and the longitude of
MriheRoa may be infsrred ; mak-
ii^« in all* five unknown quanti-
tiM Agp<ittdinr solely on the orbit
and mmrr ^ uw disturbing planet.
TWea tkece are the possible cor-
f«MNtts to the mean distance of
C*rwtM. to its epoch of longitude,
to its Um^pittie of perihelion, and
to xt» «ie«ntficitT ; making, in
alL siae iaiki»>wn quantities. To
if^uia iWm«« M. Le Verrier groups
all IM etiUMPratioste into thirty-
^K*« <qwfctWaw Ue th<ii explains
^ f^nilfiar awchgal by which he
iMct««« «W mLiM« of the unknown
MSBL^UM ttvoa tkccse equations^
TW Mfla«ttis «^6saLDM^ are«^

^iiKitth^uift )l^ ... ^ 134

V^eNJbrVoM tl7y.j^

IM «t« «

m

r

It is interesting to compare
these elements with those obtained
by Mr. Adams. The difference
between each of these and the cor-
responding element obtained ly
Mr. Adams in his second hypo-
thesis is, in every instance, of that
kind which corresponds to the
further change in the assumed
mean dbtance recommended bj
Mr. Adams. The agreement with
observations does not appear to be
better than that obtain^ from Mr.
Adams's elements, with the ex-
ception of Flamsteed's first ob-
servation of 1690, for which (con-
trary to Mr. Adams's expectation)
the discordance is considersUj
diminished.

M. Le Verrier then enten
into a most ingenious computation
of the limits between which the
planet must be sought. The prin-
ciple is this : assuming a time of
revolution, all the other unknown
quantities may be varied in such
a manner, that though the obserr-
ations will not be so well repre-
sented as before, yet the errors of
observation will be tolerable. At
last, on continuing the variation
of elements, one error of observ-
ation will be intol^^bly great.
Then, by varying the elements in
another way, we may at length
make aiM>tl^ error of observation
intolerably great ; and so on. If
we compute, for all these different
Tarieties of elements, the place of
the planet for 1S47, its loau will
evidently be a discoatiniMHis curve
or curvilinear polygon. If we do
the same thing with dilierent pe-
riodic times* we shall get different
p^ijcoos ; and the extreme pe-
rii?ilic times that can be allowed
will be indicated by the polygons
becoming points. These extrefne
periudae tiDM» arw 207 and 233
jaars^ If naw we draw one grand

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.

469

I

cunro, circumBCribitig all the poly-
gon s^ it is certain that the plauet
must be within that curve. hi
one direction, M, Le Vcrrier found
no difficulty in assigning a limit ;
JM the other he was obliged to
restnet it, by assummg a limit
to the eccentricity. Thus he
found that the longitude of the
planet was certainly not less than
32P, and not greater than 335^
or 345®, \ccording as we litntt the
eccentricity to 0.125 or 0.2. And
if we adopt QA25 as the limits
then the mass will he inekided
between the limits 0.00007 and
0.00021; either of whirh exceeds
that of Uranus. From this dr-
cnmstance^ combined with a ]>ro-
bable hjpnthesifl as to the density,
M, Le Verrier concluded that the
pin net would have a vi^llde disk,
and sufficient light to nmke tt
conspicuous in ordinary tele*
scopes.

M. Lo Verrier then remarks,
as one of the strong proofs of the
correctness of the general theory,
that the error of radius vector is
eiplflinetl as accurately a^^ fbe
error of longitude. And finally,
he gives hi.^ opinion that the lati-
tude of the disturbing planet must
be ^malt.

My analysis of this paper has
necessarily been exceedingly im-
perfect, as regards the astronomi-
rill and niathematicnl parts of it ;
but I am sensible that, in regard
to another part, it faiis totally, I
cannot attempt to convey to you
tlie impression which was made
on me by the author *s undonhting
confidence in the general truth
of his theory, by the calmness and
idea mess with which he limited
the field of observation, and by
the firmness with which bo pro-

claimed to observing astronomers,
** Look in the place which 1 have
indicated, and you will see the
planet well.*' Since Copernicus
declared that, when means should
be discovered for improving the vi-
sion, it would be found that Venus
had phases like the moon, nothing
{in my opinion) so bold, and so
justifiably hold, has been uttered
in astronomical prediction. It is
here, if I mistake not, that we see
a character far superior to that
of the able, or enterprising, or
industrious mathematician ; it is
here that we see the philosopher.
The mathematical investigationa
will doubtless be puhlrsbeil in de-
tail ; and they will, as mathe-
matical studies^ be highly in-
structive : but no details pub-
linhcd after the planet *8 discovery
can ever have for me the charm
which 1 have found in this ab-
stract which preceded the dis-
covery.

I understand that M. Le Verrier
communicated his principal conclu-
sions to the astronomers of the
Beriin Observatory, on the 23rd of
September, and that, guided by
them, and comparing their ob-
servations with a star-map, they
found the planet on the same
evening. And 1 am warranted,
by the verbal assurances of Pro-
fessor C hall is, in stating that,
having received the paper on the
29th of September, be was so
much impressed with the sagnciiy
and clearness of M, Le Verrier a
limitalions of the field of observa-
tion, that be instantly changed his
plan of observing, and noted the
planet, as an object having a vi-
sible disk, on the evening of the
same day.

«7[' A2(N' UAL REGIS

3rrr£aMr CmHu tc- G. B. jitrp. corresj

cf tLe

" I Aac hoKTC of the dueovesr
c' tft* akfv- pknei' on the In ^
4«t«Aae: ♦ * • ♦ ] find that idt
vonld hvre shown me
k. ttie early part of
.^oir&s^ r I had anhr diBcnaM^
ziiis^ 1 rosnmeaeeid obAerriBg.
a: iir l>u o:' .^ujj. attacking
ZTS c «L a? n wa?^ prudeni to
A. iir i»3SwU-3. wiucL lir. Adams *&
fiai!^.uacjia^ asuraec at> the mo8t
TTfiiujife 7»ia-x «:' tin- pianei. C>&
ur '-■'•a c:' /siijj. I auiijtied xhe
3Bfiii*k. u. cjt^sr-axz whicL Z spoke
f • xia. *• • ♦ it thtt WIT
lilt lii

Ur

^ zaixk^ of 9 in
wifc& art iiiK none

likf ~-Iit escaped
^ !.*• jfc— Mi^Mrvaxionf were
a: lit-. Hii *v j^utut^: ■.»l tiuf
A" * * * I 1.. A STur? here
A2^ LTr.-^ n - Ti^tt o: aitiiin 7/'
~ -'v^JLi- T«r7-ij-.-7 sfit^^aii: ibe
i • ,j-. : ■ ■ «- '. iiAvuik'.*i '> : niLke
tv . "* "--Mi" — ^iviC:'- "^«*T litt tii*-
*r- •*: ■«*? IT j-.aits '• ,• iirvaciL.

si ' w.:. ^> » — » r ""^^ su^-map

... .:»>.. c :>: r- -li .: J-xT.

'.. ^.: .• w »/ :• : ^ "^^ -■- -^^J-

.... .,. - .^ i.: 4 Aiir :Ti:-e' ihe

^ . . ■ ^* ..-" ■.'• -.sc !•>■ viay*, I

. • . :.oi .: :"-e 3'. lb of

- :*. » V' -.rr 5iAr in the

Thia,
cf aea]
a good
mun h
waader
the int
JoIt a
Br'tlii
Uftau ad
the }iL
onljr I
the'obs.
thia. pi
prohahi
un a n
heaTfius
heeaii£«
f on to

accimiQ
the wh{
not eng

tfiaUj <
teni th^
of JuIt
M«i«n af
the saki
of ol»seT
than fii
1 stvipp
siar* o:
l'2ih 01
olrserva
recordii
lie^-e. i
but I I
the plai
cari T in
On the
ever, I
Le Vei
the ere
Mneiljr
livn*,
recomir
the loo

ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.

471

»

300 stars vrhwh I took tbat night
I Bingled out one, agftinst which
I directed my assistant to note,
• seems to have a disk/ which
proved to he the planet. I used
on this, as on all other occasions,
a power of 160. This was the
third time I ohtaiiied an approxi-
mate place of the planet, before
I heard of its discovery/*

Before tenninating this account,
I heg leave to present the following
remarks: —

First. It would not be jusl to
institute a comparison between
papers which at this time exist
only in mann&cnpt, and papers
which have heen printed hy tlieir
authoFB ; the latter being in all
cases more complete and more
elaborately worked out than the
former.

Second. I tntst that I am am-
ply supported, hy the documentary
history which I have prtHluced,
in the view which I first took,
namely I that the discovery of this
new planet is the etfect of a move-
ment of the age. It is shown,
not merely \>y the circumstance
that different mathematician h have
simultaneously but independently
been carrying on the same in-
vestigations, and that ditferent
astronomers, acting without con-
cert, have at the same time been
looking for the planet in the same
part of the heavens ; hut a bo hy
the circumstance that the minds of
these pliilosophers, and of the j*er-
eons about them, had long been in-
fluenced by the knowledge of what
had been dfine by others, and of
what had yet been left untried ;
nnd that in all parts of the work
the mathematician and the astro-
nomer were supported by the ex-

hortations and the sympathy of
those whose opinions they valued
most. I do not consider this as
detracting in the smallest degree
from the merits of the persons
who have been actually engaged
in these inveatigations*

Third. The history presents a
remarkable instance of the im-
portance^ in doubtful cases, of
using any received theory as far
as it will go, even if that theory
can claim no higher merit than
that of being plausible. If the
mathematicians, whose labours I
have described » had not adopted
B de's law of distances, (a law for
which no physical theory of the
rudest kind has ever been sug-
gested,) they would never have ar-
rived at the elements of the orbit.
At the same time this assumption
of the law is only an aid to cal-
culation, and does not at all com-
pel the computer to confine him-
self perpetually to the condition
assigned by this law, as will have
been remarked in the nltimate
change of mean distance made
by both the mathematicians, who
have used Bode's law to give the
first approximation to mean dis-
tance.

Fourth, The history of this dis-
covery shows that, in certain eases,
it is advantageous for the progress
of PcicTJce that the publication of
theories, when so far matured as
to leave no doubt of their general
accuracy, should not he delayed
till they are worked to the highest
imaginable perfection. It appears
to be quite within probability, that
a publication of the elements, ob-
tained in October, 184.5, might
have led to the discovery of the
planet in November, 1845.

i

i
4

Bkwr^ IL. lAv Mmu M-r ;o
jSb^^'iK V^^ a^ wKftM. JbB. 13

Brown, F
Brown, J.
Brown, J.
Brown, J,
Brown, Si
rwAr^ps, Brown, S.
Ap. 28 Brown, W
f— ^MSfimi Maj 26 Bryere, P.

PATENTS.

473

Buchanan, X*proj)el/*f», ^,, Aug. 15

Budd, J, P,. t>o«. Feb. if

Budd, J. P-, iron. Mar. 13

Bullock, J. L., qitmine^ May 1*2

Bui lough, J.^ iooPig, Dec. 1

Bunnelt, J,, water closets^ April 15

Biiriiee, W. H., vfaterproof fahrics^

Jan. 20
Burkinyoiing, F, H, , pianofortes^ June 16
Burieijfh, R^ C, artificial litiht, Aug. 28
Calvert, F. C.Jute, Mar. 1 1
Cwnpini F, W., motivr power, Jan. 22
Campi«>n, J., soldiers* beits^ Dec 15
Caatclls, W. J»| hatching egyi, jfc,

Feb. 26
Carroichaei P., heckUng fiax. May 5
Carpen te r, \V . , thresh ingmachineSy Mar, 25
Carter, J.^padfUc whecfs. May 5
Carter, J., lubricator^ Dec. 14
Chance, J. T., glojis, Ap. 28
Ches*hire^ E., raUmay gunrdy Feb. 3
Chtnnock, C, expanding furniturt^

Jan. 12
Chtnnock, C, envdopet, Sep. 24
Chubb. J„ locks, Dec. 14
Church. W., candtestickx, ^c, May 5
Clark, C., steam generator^ Juncf 29
Clark, T., motive poorer, Feb. 1 1
Clark, W., weighiitg machines, June 30
Clark, W../«cij, Jan. 17
Ctau«en, P., veming, Feb. 20
Cottam, E., bedstifads, June IH
Clauten, P,, propeUing, ^'c, July 23
Ciifl, S., distilhHg tar, Dec. 8
Cochran, J. W., cutting wood, June 2
Coles, J., spinal distortions, Sep. 3
Collier, E. H., nails. Mar. 10
Con die, J.^ malleable iron, Oct. 15
Cooper, J^ vegetable decomposiiionf

Jan, 22
Cormaekt W., moHve power, June 17
Colterill, E., windtno, 8rc*x fantenings^

Mar. 25
Coft<>n, W., knitting machine, June 22
Coul*on» T. L , chairs, June 29
CowBo, C, paper, ^t., Jan. 29
Cowper, E, A., railway chairs. May 26
Craodock, T., siBam engines, Dec, 3
Ctmmpton, T. R,, hcomoHm engines,

Aug. 25
Creaae, H., jpamtet July 23
Crolh, W.,laee, Aug. 20
Croll, A. A., gas meters. May 12
Cnxley, H., tvaar, Ap. 1
Cunnm^ham, A. B. ^ prupeSers, Oct 1

DaeJe, J., boots and shoes, Dec, 7
I>aY»e«f D., carriage steps^ Sep. 17
Deacon, H.^ flattening kilns, Sep. 24
Doard, T. M", steam Jknutces, Feb, 25
De Botwifflon, J. H., cor At, May 28

Defries, N., ^oa iiKferjt, May 27
Dfi Fontaincmoreau, P. A. L., cottom
wadding^ Feb. 28
De Fontainemoreau, P* A. t.* AonKat,

Ap. 15

De FoQtaineiQoreau, P. A. L., brick

making, Sep. 3

De Fontalnemoreau, P. A. L., eorks^

Sep. 24
De La Fons, J. P.. lochs, July 6
Delaiiii A., mimcot instntmsnts, Aug. 29
Dclfosse, M. F. J.f steam boilers^ Aug, 25
Dell, E. C, lighting bvildings, ^c.

Mar. 25
DesboWerres, N. F. C, Jkel, Feb. 17
De Su»ex, F. S., soda, June 29
Deubon, J.» cotton spinning, Nov. 21
Dickinson, T. F., gas meters^ Dec* 15
Dickson, J. H., saddles, July 23
Dircks H., vegHabte extracts^ Mar* 4
Donkin, J., paper, Oct, 15
DougliA, J.t casting patterns, Jan, 9
Douglas, J., yam, At,, Ap, 30
DoftTiing, G., pen holders, July 6
Dowte, Q,, paper, Aug. II
Dreschke, T. A., musical instntmmts,

July 31
Duncan, G., confectionay. May 19
Durand, F,, leather tubes, (fc , Oct ]5
Durnerin, J. M., manufacturing fat,

Jan. 13
Eaton, W.. motive power, Nov. 17
Eddy, G. W.. cast metal wheels, Nov. 3
Ellfn», G., salt machine, Dec 1
Eiienne* A,, railways, A'c, Jnn, 31
Eticvant, S., stoves, Feb. 17
ExalU W.. wheels, ^c, Nov. 3
Fairbflirn, P.,Jlax gpinning, Oct 2
Fairbttirii, W., iron &«omff, Oct, 8
Famsworth, J„ bricks, Oct, 8
Farthiog, W., ^rte*** Oct. 8
Faucon, J. H., fulling, June 29
Ferant, M. L., oi&, Oct, 8
Firchild, C, W,, rotatory engine^ July !
Ford, C. earMwtt'cre, Dec' 14
Forder, A, T., motive power, ^,, Jan, 29
Foster, W. A,, machine Mts, Aug, 29
Fothertjill, B, cotton spinning, June 16
Fouillett, C. M,, railways, OcL 2
Fourdrinier, O. H., earthenware* ^'c,

July 23
Fox, C, afl^fi(7, A-c, meteU, Sep. 24
Franklin, H,, bricks. Sen. 17
Fuller, J., seed sowing. Mar, 5
Galloway, E., ibr^ino^tre rn^^rnejr, A p. 18
GaBowiiy, E., rotatory engines, Dec. 14
Gindell and Brunton, moveable bridges.

Mar. 25
Garrett, S. T.. emeni, ^c, June 22
George, J., building, June 22
Gibson, M., rejipiwf, ^r., Aug, 22

474 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

^ J.. MMrf; Feb. U
Keele7,J.,iK«»Dee.l4
Kcariek. T^ ■■■■ifeij pm, Miy «

Kile, W„cMBK j- III, OcL »
Kio«. J^ ■■■iihhrfi>rCtiUr,Pgb.H

Kra|ip» A.. MOW, jpfc. Ang. 95
Kti, A„ ii>i liii It «< J^ 9

Uabtft. T^te|w, Ap. aO

Lai?* X^ ««HB «i9aM«, Nor. 6
Le«B. O^ liirfim, fc., Ap. 7
li*r, SL C, 1— /f ■JBM. Dec 1
UbK W^ >v««ii9 ■iriinii, Vm S
L«#iw G, A«iii9 Miir. A«^0
t 1^1 till 1, J., «7cdk. Mv. 18

Lon^n^e^E. Bl, fcrimfiiii, JmH

I ■■f ■*'■■> ^^," I J^Mf^
Larf.A>, It I 1 >nM«i»JiMai
iimuL^«mM.DK. I

L(«e. a. lUl 4c^ Oct. 8

; ^wiiat O'liBig'iA. Ac Vim:. S
Ax >

PATENTS.

47»

d, 1., tttiing eoppms, ffe.^ June

Moreweodt E^ydeamiitg Jibroua svbtittneeMt

OcL2
Morcwoodn, £,} ircm, Dec. 7.
Moit, J, H. EL, mumcal iwtrmitmUM, Ap.

MuntK. G. Pm met^lpimiea, Oct. 15
Nurdock, J^T painting t Feb. 1 1
Nftirnc» W,, prop^UtrSt Mareb 2
Naime, W*tprope//cr*, MafgIi 11
Nilder, f.^^kss, Oct 8
Nrnpler, J.i tmeliing, July 20
Nannyth, J*, awCitiie jwiMr, Feb. 16
NertJ*, E., Mper» Sep» 24
NeUiam, W. T., craneti^ Judo 22
Newton, A. V., ^rindmy gmim, ^,, Feb.

NewtoD, A* V^ *crap mcAoves. Mtj 5
Newton, A. V.f n^ri July 23

Newton, A. V,, tempering metals Sep. 24
Newton, A, V., driving b<indji, Nov. 3
Newton* '^\^ pikd/ahrits^ Jan. 20
Newton » W. E., ttpe^i rtgulator, Feb. ] 1
Newtoii, W, E., tkrtad, Feb, 16
Newton, W. E,, thread, March 11
Newton, W. E., thcks, ^c, Aprii 28
NewtoiL, W. E,, fruit preserving t Sep.

NiclioLson, W.. gloM^ March 5
Nbbet, R.t iocomotiveMt Feb. 19
Nott, J.» t€ligr«pht Jan. 20
Otborn, J. T.. agrkuiturt, July 23
Otbome, R. B., bridgeg, ^c, Dec 21
PsJliser, G,, carriage teatSy May 5
Paliner, J., lamps^ ^Ct Sep. 17
Palmer, W'.^pockimf tallow, Oct. 15
Paret, N, A- E., «iZfc» ^c, Nov. 2
Parish, R H. , purjfyimg watert Not « 2
Parkn, A^ cMtma/ «ii^toji€ea, March 25
Pvkea, k,,€amdk9, Aug. 25
Paiiei, Z. M., c^fu. May 22
Parkin t T^nrnprner^ June 29
Parry, H., hntn^ Aug. 20
Pattirrstin, W. W., chktrine, Jtily 14
Payne, C, ftrtserving, Junf 29
Payne, T,, metal ntlh, Ati^. 4
Pembertoii, T^ jun-« curruu? /Nmiture,
Feb. 25
Peroe^aL P. A., tdegraphe, April 23
Percy, W. C. S., 6ri£A«, ^., June 2
Pcrkina, J. P., paper cutting^ Marcli 1 1
Pcrpijfna, A., regulator*, June 29
Per[iigno^ J.J jtiaiting, Dec, 2 1
Perry, J., moot combing, Det-. 21
Perry, S, straps, ^-c.,"May 19
Philcox. G.t chronom€ter», Apr. 25
Phillips, G., flower stand, Aup, 17
Pickford, S., ale cojitks, April 28
Piddinif, W., mffee preterving. May 5
J^ddJng, W., carriagtM, Nov. 21

Pilbrow, J., prOfftOere, Jan. 81
Pinet, J. F,, grinding foheatt Dec. I
Plaffet> L, H^ metallic ornaments^ Nor, I

1*1
Piatt, J., noHom ^nnmimg^ Feb. Si5
Poe]«, M., ebmiM^* &«., grain, Feb, 96
Poole, M..y!£irmiff./whnr«, June 2
Puote, M** j^eoiN rtgidaiors^ June 29
Poole, M., Jerry. Aug. 17
Poole, M., vettftabk fi^r^M, Sep. 10
Poole, M , electric tAgirmpkh Dec. 14
Poole, M., steam enginm* Dec* 21
Poole, M., surgical instnanmU^ Dec 21
Po[>e, T., propeUers, March 25
Potter, H., paper staining^ April 1 i

Price, A. W., anchors, Jeuj. 17
Prideaux, T. S. excavating ^ Jyly 15
Ratoftboibain, H. R^ wool^ovdnng^ Nmr.

2$
Ranaotn* P., Itricks, ic., July^
Rayser, W., looking glass, Aug. II
Reade, J. B^ in/ts, D«c.3
Reid, J. P., looms, Oct. 22
Reid, W., Mfire, Oct. 29
Remington, S.» hcomotioe ettginest Aug.

17
Renshaw, J.« v§hH loom, June 22
Retiie, R.,/tfirf, June 12
Rcyburn, R.. vegetable extracts, June 17
Richartlaon, C^, xugnr^ Sep. 10
Ridett, G.t reading tables. May 5
Rimington» M., motive potptr, Jan. 31
Rot>ert«un, J. C, nail maMmj, Feb. 18
Robtfrtsoo, J* C. piit», April 18
Robertson, J. C, raHways, June 4
Robert&on, J. C, boats, ^c, Aug. 17
Rol>ertst>n, W»» cotton spinning, Feb. 25
Robitifton, C R,, c«/rco printing, March

25
Robinson and Bowden, woMking cotton,
March 11
Robeon, C, dresmngfrmt, Nov. 21
Rodger, W., anchor s^ May 18
Hollirwoci, M., steam engines. May 7
Rombley, J., capjv/ana, Oct. 8
Roose, J., iron Iu6<», Aug. 29
Rf>!«, D.. Adte, Jan, 27
Rotl]«child, A. N.| heating apparatus^ Ap.

28

Rowley, C.,6it<toit#, Feb. 11

Ryan, J,^ preserving organic substances t

Oct. 17

Sauvage, J, A. A., steam condenser, July

27
Scblo«», K.ptyn^ion, Jan. 12
Schencit, R. B.,A«a^, fiov, 17
Seaward, J., simm engine, A*c., Jan. 12
Seed, W., i^tttm spinming, Ju}y 14
Senior^ G., deofiiii^ mlk, ^c, Sep. $
Serbat, L., roofing. Mar. 25 ~

Shaw. B., worstek, fc. Mar. 1 1

476 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

>c^ vod: Dee. 14
/Oct. 13

rriii i/irgr—,Dee.ai

■ JL, mttJmwHuf, ¥A 11

■ C^c»a^ III i7i,li«r,2S

. W.. mm iHivs. Jmc 29

dev.X.ji^Ja. A
Sc«br. Df.yvMcn, Apr. 1
SoottvoRk. E^ ■■■■dfrri, ^, OcL 15
Scaoe, W. E., r/ifTii Xor. 12

.X W^j^^^Feb.11

F^TTl

Scrart. D. T^ Mffftij trm. M«ch 8
Slmait. D. T^ Mffftij crwu Julr 14
SdriiBg. J. D. IL.db^ June 29
Stacker, A. &, fodfcs. fc, 3faT 28
Sloffer. J.. orvMM, 4c» Jane 27'
Sttiive, W. I\, nnhfaCaw ■!»«, Mardi

11
SfubkM, W., o^BMS, June 2
Shvieei. R. F.,jUi€n, ^, Sep. 17
Swinoaniet T.« mvpemtn- fP^ Jen. S
TalboC W. H. F., wmtwepowtr, Dec 1
Tatham, J., eottM Buimaimy, June 29
Taylor, J.^JIomr anlk, June 6
Tavlor. J., eijifeme eomipommdt, OcL S
TaVlor, J. N.. pnpAn, See., Maidi 25
Taylor. P., pnpeOen, Ah^, Jan. 20
Taylor, W. G., moAe anunKr, Feb. d
Teagle, R., ekiaaiejf pots. Not. 5
Templetoo, J. &, pmpdUn, Feb. 27
Tedey, C, meekoMwal power, Feb. 11
TeycfaeuDe, F., kardemmg stone, Ati^. 10
Thomas, W., carpet-hag locksy July 15
Thomas, W., umimg^ Dec 1
Thompson, J., motivt power, July 6
Thompson and Wright, propeOers, Feb.

25
Thomson, W., woonemfabriest April 7
Tilletu G., afooes, Jan. 13
Todd, J., raUu^ay raiU, Dec. 14
Touebe, J. lampSf April SO

TVner, R, roojimg^ Dec 15
Unswoilli, W., iMNBa, Mar. 25
Taoz, Cheer mmckimf. May 13
Taoz, T., karae akoee, j^, March 11
vidcera. Dm, cmtrograpmer, Dec 14
Vigndea, CL, Jan., awftae power, Ai«. 4
Von Vmer, H. L., tndaMtora, June i
Walker, A. E., eowimff, Jan. 6
Walker, J^ pUedfabriee, Jan. 20
Walker, T., sAipa* lo^ ^, Jane 23
Warbnrton, J., coMon jpunnao, Oct. 8
Wareopy W^ mtmaoepheric rmSw^ft^ Ab|.

Ward, P., aalDt ^eotU, July 6
Warlicfa, F. C.,/ke^ Apr. 7
Warren, J., eaaf acreara, Aue. 31
Warrington, R^pre$ennpff, Mar. 5
Warrington, R., Imnni^, Mar. 25
Wation, H.,yiiniitiL'i, Jan. 6
Wation, J., weavmg, Dec 21.
WeUd, W., wuBm^ ^, Oct. 2
Wennington, W. V., cwtimg troa, Jia.

»

West, F. tL, cerkM, ^^ Aug. 31

Westmacott, H. S., roUUory aUam m-

gimee, BlarSO

Wetterstedt, R, meimKe akeatkimg, Kov.

Wharton, W., afrvpt 4iW frauds, Feb. II
Wheeler, C, mAoaya, Jan. 22
Whitworth, J., kmUHmg, Dec 21
Wh^iock, VL, pattern weavimg, Aug. II
Wild, W., frarre/atacAne; Oct. 2
Wilkins, J. W., water eheeig. May 26
Wilkina. W. C, lammg, ^c, Oct. 29
Wilson, Bgkt, ^c. Mar. 25
Wilson, G. F., candles, ^., Dec 1
Wilson, R., velvet boms, Oct 8.
Winslow, G.,JUe mackime, Oct 15
Woodcroft. B., spiral paddle. Mar. 21
Woodcroft, B., calico printing, June 22
Woolley, T., pianrfortes, July 8
Woonc G., relief engravings. Mar. 11
Wrigg, Hm carriages, Sep. 17
Wright, C, frooTa, May 22
Wright, R., refining smgar, July 6
Wroughton, T., ventilation, Aug. 26
Yates, J., blastfurnaces, Dec 14
Yalest T., time-keepers, Nov. 12
Ylcry, C, railwag time-keeper, Sep. 10

477

POETRY.

POEMS BY CHARLES LAMB.

*^i* The following little Pieces, by Charles Lamb, printed in the Athe-
nasum of January 10, 1846, are stated to have been extracted from
Albums or Scrap-Books, and to have been theretofore unpublished.

ON BEING ASKED TO WRITE IN MISS WESTWOOD's ALBUM.

I

Mt feeble Muse, that fain her best would
Write, at command of Frances Westwood,
But feels her wits not in their best mood,
Fell lately on some idle fancies.
As she 's much given to romances,
About this selfsame style of Frances ;
Which seems to be a name in common
Attributed to man or woman.
She thence contrived this flattering moral,
With which she hopes no soul will quarrel,
That she whom this twin title decks.
Combines what 's good in either sex ;
Unites — how very rare the case is ! —
Masculine sense to female graces :
And quitting not her proper rank.
Is both in one — Fanny and Frank,

Charles Lamb.
Oct. 12, 1827.

THE FIRST LEAF OF SPRING.

WRITTEN ON THE FIRST LEAP OF A LADY's ALBUM.

Thou fragile, filmy, gossamery thing,

First leaf of spring !

At every lightest breath that quakest,

And with a zephyr shakest ;

Scarce stout enough to hold thy slender form together

In calmest halcyon weather ;

Of buds, blooms, fruit.
That shall thy cracking branches swi
While birds on erery spray
Shall pay the copious miitage with a
So 'tis with thee, whoe'er on thee ah
First leaf of this b^innbg modest be
Slender thou art, God knowest.
And little grace bestowest.
But in thy train shall follow after
Wit, wisaom, seriousness in hand wit
Provoking jests, restndning sobemea
In their appropriate dress ;
And I shtJl joy to be outdone
By those who brighter trophies won ;

Without a grief
That I thy slender promise hare beg-
First leaf.

C
1832.

LONDON BY MOONLIGHT,

PBOX "POEMS,"

By OmmiUa IMmm.

The midnight hour has passed away, sad
The Queen of Night still holds her starry
The tangled clouds sail swiftly by, — and z

POETRY.

479

And thout proud River, I can scarcely beed

That oa thy shores wliere thou dost wander 'mid

The greea and smiling fields^ — the shepherd lajs

His crook and slumbers in the noonday heat ;

For from the stream which flows like molten lead

Beoeath the moonheamst I behold a grove

Of masts against the starry aky. The wealth.

The argosies of princely merchants here.

That to the ear of fancy whispers t^los

Of far off climes, and England *s power and pride.

Yon stately vessel only waits the dawn

To r&kii aloft her snowy sails that then

Shall bear her " Uke a thing of life*' away.

Though now she rests like a fond child upon

A doting mother* a breast. And all is still.

Save the soft ripple of the rising tide.

Thou gorgeous city of our pride and love !

But yonder Abbey wakens other tlioughts —

The hearts of kings, and statesmen, warriors, bards.

Lie there entomb 'd — the Mighty of the Earth,

The dust for rolling centuries revered.

And they the honoured of a recent age.

He of the rude, untaught, unletterM mind,

Innately greats beside the darling child

Of arts advanced, and years more wonderful!

In this alike the lesson which they teach

That death shall level all. And yet methinks.

It h a soul- in spiring thought to lure

The adventurous spirit on, to noble deeds.

The thought that all which ever did belong

To earth, perchance, shall rest beside the good

And great ; while faithful records shall enshrine

The subtler part within the grateful hearts

Of future unborn ages.

Turn we now
To yon large gloomy pile — the abode of guilt
And wretchedness. Yet virtue stays to weep ;
For she is all too wii*e and pure to fear
That tears, e*en for the guilty, e'er can stain
One darzling fold in which hei'self is wrapt.
Oh I virtue stern and cold were liker far
A statue, than the warm and breathing form
Which mortals long to clasp! Alas she knows
The tempter's power which comes in equal strength.
Though varied guise, unto the silken couch
And pallet rude, — and though she dares not touch
The scale of Justice, turns aside to weep !

Mark you the faint and glimmering light which falla
From yonder casement dim ? Is it the watch

ANNUAL REGISTER, 1846.

T niz-iur uw< scH k<if^ Vende the bed
^ ofucu. K wrkBCK f -K- Atfdi there the joung
T^rstarmc icaoaa meek. i» Ure the store,
Tite riMOflL iris«i0» <«ce. ftom visdom^s page ? —
: r- a<ia sl Asounc imkts iir%«i the ejre

3. Ui'iBouL mtfuonsufinl w^ — and now
TiH sftKsuiic ACT JL iat Imh'd lepose.

Ti**!*? > & wpsc It ?•«««▼ tias Weaks
. ^v 111* ^itmit jCiIixi«» «f d^ hoar.
?iu n^s* ti» luisofsriai^ £S«^ viirh hofneward wends
i^^onv* mumf Anksi. ui£ iiMs the shrirelled hand.
^.1. -"-9^ Jiur -sart.. '^ iMBMuftK wretch reliere. —

jsiiniir HMT Jisr am unL ^tAta words,
"Kr* Ute^. UM viqnii: 4<b^ ^t. are szient now, —
TV ^ji^m IT ^praimGXr )w lisT waked
It*- aal L tbsir Mituu. luira.

Iw vaenmc 'losaks

5-.^ *\\f i itsr saining itnwx. aai£ all the stars

*~lsaw SWA; 3Itf a&7 a ^K*W<I'i SiZTX-. Bielt

-: ut: i4iLt« s^on ic ram «k^ uwi^
V.»i^ «:^«»^^ ap^a V 117.. sue itnbce. aad hope,

,r *«*• ftii^i «Lrir^ — uai;. at w^

* ^&u 1^4 su. li ^nra sai sL&racC *

•t \ -fi 3i::r?T TTEI Kvl' NEWS FROM

f £iv!: r: All '

J99 Jmrr .

I

<.-,*»n; V :hi TJzr-nn* tsui mi&s^ tad Ke.
^V.-v'*'^. ,"»«r* rsJiriHM. w* 4:>L/o«!d all Three :
'^. %^ ^T^.^.^ ' rr»i^ :aw vaacft a* ie £a»-bolts undrew —
S'x'tv ' x'.i\w^ ti«! vtLI V V rLl=eci; :hrca^h :
fv^ijw -j-u ■*. tfe Scits Mck » re«.

POETRY. 481

II.

Not a word to eacH other, we kept the great pace
Neck by neck, stride for stride, nerer chaDging our place ;
I turned in my saddle and made its girths tight.
Then shortened each stirrup, and set the pique right,
Rebuckled the cheek-strap, chained slacker the bit,
Nor galloped less steadily Rowland a whit.

III.

'Twas moonset at starting ; but while we drew near

Lokeren, the cocks crew, and twilight dawned clear ;

At Boom a great yellow star came out to see ;

At Duffield, 'twas morning as plain as could be ;

And from Mecheln's church-steeple we heard the half chime.

So Joris broke silence with " Yet there is time !"

IV.

At Aerschot, up leaped, of a sudden, the sun,
And against him the cattle stood black every one.
To stare thro* the mist at us galloping past.
And I saw my stout galloper, Rowland, at last
With resolute shoulders, each butting away
The haze as some bluff river headland its spray.

V.

And his low head and crest, just one sharp ear bent back
For my voice, and the other pricked out on his track ;
And one eye's black intelligence,— -ever that glance
O'er the white edge at me, his own master, askance !
And the thick heavy spume-flakes, which aye and anon,
His fierce lips shook upward in gidloping on.

VI.

By Hassalt, Dirck groaned, and cried Joris, ** Stay spur.

Your Roos galloped bravely, the fault 's not in her.

We '11 remember at Aix " — for one heard the quick wheeze

Of her chest, saw the stretched neck and staggering knees.

And sunk tail and horrible heave of the flank.

As down on her haunches she shuddered and sank.

VII.

So left were we galloping, Joris and I,
Past Looz and past Tongres, no cloud in the sky ;
The broad sun above laughed a pitiless laugh,
'Neath our feet broke the brittle bright stubble like chaff.
Till over by Dalhem a dome spire sprang white.
And " Gallop," gasped Joris, " for Aix is in sight !"
Vol. LXXXVIII. 2 I

48i POETRY.

vra.

** Htfv ^bejH grwi «s'*— And aO in moment his roMi,
Ri^ftnl BC^ UH orcMip Of«r, Ibj dend » stone :
AW ikcre ww bt Rovkad (o benr the whole weight
Of the news whkli ahine eovld tsre Aix from her £ite,
Widk his M«oiU fike nitft ftil of hlood to the hnm«
AW vithciEclMef Mtofciteue-eoeket'srim.

LX.
Thim I csKt Wne m J h«rf|l«oat. eedi hokter let fmlU
ShiMk <if Vodh mj JMkOiooto, letgobdt and aD,
SwWi^in Afrsdmp, leaned, pstted his ear,
i;iucd mr EevlsBd hk pet name, mj hcffse wilhont peer ;
C^iffieii mr haWs, lanAed and sang, anj noise, had or good,
T^ at Vm^ inia Aix Eowknd galloped and stood.

X.
Andal I iwemhcrk friends looking roond
As I sat widk hb head *twizt mj knees on die groond,
AWnd^^maw V«t was praising this Rowland of mine.
As I |«Nz«d ifewn his thraat oar last measore of wine,
WhKh >^ WginMi TMd hj comnon consent)
W» ■» BMre iSua his dne who hroa|^t good news from Ghent

INDEX.

[N.B. The figures with Crotchets refer to the History,]

I

I

I

AcciDEi^s — Fall of s TuuUictst Buretitin,
1 0 ; ^ighifyl oolliery exploMoo at REica,
tbirtj-five lives Imt^ 14 ; two on the
South Eastcni rdlwaj, IB; fatal Ore-
work exfulnsion, 22; fiuiaJ explosion at
Dover, thirteen lives lost, 37 ; familv
poisoned at Liverpx)!, 37 ; at Oxfofd,
to Mr. Singleton, 89 ; on the Eaittern
Counties railwuy, 61 ; on the Omnd-
ItiKg Junction mil way, ^2 ; at the
Hungerfnrd iteam-boat pier, G3i o^
btjard H. M, 8, Caledonia, 82 ; at tJie
Balcombe tynnci of tlie Drijifhtoij ml-
vraj, 99; on the Eastern Couotica
raiWaj, 111: oa the Bngfatoa And
Haiiitingft railway* 128; on the Not*
tingham and Lipcnlo ntJIway, 1-M; on
the Sunderland and Newcasde rati-
way, 137; on the Great Western rail-
way, Farringdon Road station, 138; at
railway works, neai Aberdeen, nine
lives lo«t, 143 ; coal-pit explosion,
rtcar Glasgow, six lives lost, 143;
boiler explosion at Newcastle, 137 ; of
a railway bridge near Reading, 171 ;
explosion of fire-damp at Roundb Green
Colliery, near Dudley, 175; several
colliery accidetiis in Stiiifordshire, 183;
to the Emperor of Ru!i6ia» tB9; on
the Maiiebeiter and B^dron railway,
191 ; iteatn boiler QXjdosion at Bristol,
105

Acts, List of, paved in Setskm 1346 ;
Public Genend Acts, 905; Local and
Personal Acts, 399; Private Acts,
prift^W, 417

^thcr, discovery of the extraordinary use
ofi in surreal opemtions, 190

Alffien, the Frencn in, Abd-cl^Kader de-
nated by General JussuC 7; dread-
ful sufierio^ of a detachment under
General Levasaeur, 7

Amateur Theatricala^ 7%« EUtr Bro-
ther. \

Antiquities — Under Covcnt Garden tikar-
kei, 16

Army — The new regulatlcMia, rewards

to the non-oommtasioned officen and
privates, 4
Abtaonomical DtscovEKiES — Account
of the discovery of the new planet
Afitrffia,ai]d M. Le Verrier's(NepUjiae)|

BANjTEtrpTs AND Inbolvents, table of,
423

Belgiufn, change of tniotstry in, [S68] ;
destitutioti in, 199

BiRi liB, 209

Bqkneo — Settlement of Mr, Brooke as
rajah of Sarawak in Borneo, dissen-
sion among the native pnnoes, [683] ;
the piratical chieft excite the anfer
of tne British Gaveniment, and se-
veral nests of pirates are destroyed,
[384]; at length the Sultan himself
IS attacked by a BritUh fli{uadron un-
der Sir T. Cochrane, and conipeUed
to fly, [385]

Borneo, attack oo the pirates in, 148

Brazils, the — Speecn of the £mperor
on onening the Legiilative Chambcsrs,

BuTCHEas* Meat, average prioe of,
422,

CANADA-^Speech of Earl Cathcart to

the Canadian Parliameut. [874] ; alinn
excited by the free-lnuie nieasurea of
the British Parliament, addresi of the
Lepiftlative asAemhIy [377]; speech
of Earl Cathcart on elotkig the Ses-
sinn. [379]

China — Accounts of disturbanoes in,
142

Coroner** Inquests- Extraordinary mor-
tality in a familj, 13; on Mr, Richard
Dre88er,hydropath7,86; onMrJIaydon,
91 ; on two brothers* filicides, at Not-
tingham, ICM); on Frederic John
White, privare, 7th Htiasara -flogging
in the army 105; on the Baroo de
Bode, 149; on Mr. Ahoger, 171;
death from utarvation, 176; on a child

2 I 2

INDEX.

Coroner's Inquests— conimiiedl
sent in a basket to Nottingham, 180 ;
on the master and mate of a French
ship, suflbcaled, 182; at Cambridge on
Ehzabeth Howe— power of the proc-
tors, 184

Cracow — insurrection in Silesia, pro-
visional government organixed at Cra-
cow, [sSih the city taken possession
of by the Austrians, [^^If ^^^ ^y ^
Russians and Prussians, [305] ; Edict
of the Emperor of Austria annexing
Cracow to the Imperial dominions,
[305] ; dty taken possession of bj
Count Castiglione, his manifesto an-
nouncing the determination of the
Three Powers; final extinction of
Polish nationality, [307]

Deaths — Ailsa, marq. 282 ; Alexander,

D. A. 248; Allen, hon. J. W. A.
286 ; Alsager, T. M. 297 ; Anderson,
A. 303; Anderson, J. 238; Anderson,
rev. sir C. J. 247 ; Anderson, W. 292;
Anhalt Dessau, duchess of, 239 ; An-
nesley, F. 261 ; Ansley, coL B. 286 ;
Anson, S. 293; Arbutbnot, lady, 269;
Armour, R. 241 ; Armstrong, mrs.
296; Arundel, F. V. J. 302; Ash-
hurst, W. H. 261 ; AthoU, duke of,
284; Atkin. T. T. 262; Atty, It. W.
F. W. 253; Austria, archduke of,
238

Baker, lady, 286 ; Balchild, maj. G.

E. r. m. 285; Baldwin, rev. C. F.
297; Balfour, capt W. r. n. 241;
Balmer, G. 249; Baring, ladv, 270;
Barker, M. H. 265; Bariow, siV G. H.
312; Bameby, J. 300; Barrington,
sir J. 237 ; Bayly, gen. sir H. 251 ;
Beauchamp, ciitss. 252; Beauclerk,
adm. lord A. 304; Bellamy, J. 312;
Beresford, J. C. 269; Bessel, dr. F.
W. 245 ; Blagrave. mrs. 239 ; Bloom-
field, lord, 275; Bodham, mrs. 234;
Bond, W. 293; Bond^ lady, 281;
Booth, D. 303; Boothby, sir W. 251 ;
Bouverie, mrs, 263; Bouverie, mrs.
265 ; Bramah, J. J. 284 ; Brockroan,
rev. T. 270; Brooke, dame, 293;
Brown, r.-adm. E. W. 293; Buddi-
com, rev. R. P. 265; Buller, rev. J.
296; Bunbury, T. 256; Butler, hon.
P. 261

Calkin, J. 314; Cameron, lady,
239 ; Campbell, rev. H. 241 ; Camp-
bell, sir A. 270; Carnac, sir J. R.
239; Carrick, earl of, 250; Cassini,
count, 234 ; Cathcart, lady, 297 ; Ca-
ton, mrs. 297 ; Cawley, comm. .1. 253;
Cayle, J. 262; Chandle, ca^L 314;

Deaths ■■ coniinMed.

Cholmondeley, C 302; CfamcUL
miss, 296; Clarke, mrs. 258; Qiskp
son, T. 287; CUveU, c^it J. dU;
Clay, E. S. 239; Oown, rar. J.
290; Coates, D. 252; Cohen, J. W;
Colbome, W. N. R. 246; CoBai
r.-adm. V. 245; CfiiquhoiiD, lady,
295; Compton, sir H. 238; Cokoi,
rev. H. S. 261; Grotty, dr. 292;
Curran, R. 304; Cunon, adoi. hoa.
H. 253; Cu8t,mi«,252

Dallas, lady, 249 : Darley, G. SOB;
Davie, sir H. P. 237 ; Davus, ooL T.
H. 304; Dawnay, viae*. 255; Deakiy,
B. 293; DedeU baroa, 279; De
Krusenstem, chev. 292 ; D*Ojlj, m.
G. 236; De Vitre, IL J. r. n. 3U;
De Bode, baron, 290; D'Hareoat,
maro. 264; De Kotxcdme, O. 245;
De PoUon, count, 313; De MeMbrt,
lady, 299; De SaUenkoff, nwd. 9»;
De T^uUfe, cntas. 293 ; DiJnMj,geB.flr
M. 251; Doneraile, vinHk 210;
Douglas, lady, 246; Doyle, capt m
B. C. r. n. 274 ; Dr^DeCCi, D. 250;
Drummond, lady, 302; DrrdeB, ic*
- ■" — ~ 1, J. 314; D

L. E. 238; Ehinkin,

more, dr.-cntsa. 256; Dyke, lir P. &

274

Edgell,r.^m. H. F. 264; E(%e-
worth, F. B. 293; Edmrorth, on
290 ; Edmonstone, mr. 243 ; ElpU»-
stone, maj.- gen. sir H. 252; Edwia,
lt.-col. F. 304; Enx)l, ear), 250;
Erskine, hon. H. D.dl5; Ewait, C.
246

Fetherstonhauffh, sir H. 296;
Fletrher, capt W. r. n. 256; Ffetchcr.
rev. W. 248; Field, B. 249; RslKr.
T. R 296; Foley, E. T. 248;
Forbes, sir J. 243; Forrest, sir D.
297 ; Foster, mrs. 250 ; FVaier, ladjr,
296; Freebaim, A. 280; Frert, rt
hon. J. H. 234; Fyers, maj.-gen. P.
255

Gage, J. 314; Garrett, v.-adm. H.
250; Gisbome, rev. T. 247; Glan-
ville, F. 261; Goold, T. 208;
Goolden, W. 249; Gordon, It-ool.
J. 294; Grant, sir M. G. 296 ; Gm-
ville, earl, 235; Green, It J. 296;
Green, It. W. P. 294 ; Gregwr XVL
Pope, 258; Grenviile, rt hon. T. 305;
Griffiths, col. F. 294; Grimston, hot.
miss, 294 ; Groves, mrs. 261 ; Gywn,
J. F. 243

Hale, hon. mrs. 249; Hall, mn.
300 ; Hamilton, iadv, 293 ; Hamiltoo,
lady R. 297 ; Hancock, r.-adm. R. T.
244; Handley, H. 264; Harris, J.

INDEX.

Deaths — coniin utnL

296; Hawker, J. 249; Haydon. R.
262; Heales^lt. T, r. n. 298: Hein-
rich, prince, 269 j Hes-«e, landgrave of,
304; He ward, sir S, 249 ; Hoare, rev.
R. R 249; Hobhouse. lady, 315;
Hnd|BrF>OTi, gen. J. 237 ; Hf>tlgsont rev.
J. 298 J Hm>d, uir*. 302; Hood, visc-t,
253; Hiimfravt mrs. SH; Howard,
lordt 312; tlume, J, 2E)4 ; Hum-

^^ phre)9, J. D. 285 ; Hunter, gen. D.

^ft 244 ; Huntor, miss, 305

H Isbam. jiir J. V. 280

^m Jefferwin, S. 239 ; Jones, cant. W.

■ r. n. 256

^ Keith, c»pt. hon, W. r. n. 2S4 ;

' Kfiiipe, A. J, 280: Kerr, lion, J.

253 i Kildare, bishop of, 274; Kil-
kenny, earl, 267 j Knight, il G*
240

Lake, «ir J. 304 ; Lathnm, rev, T.
254; Lntham, R. 239; Lawrence, T.

286 J Lws. ladv, 252 ; Leeft, sir E. S.

287 ; Lo Keux, J. 24H ; Leslie, mias,
254; Lcjce5ter, rev. O, 264; Lid-
dellt mils, 2f^l ; Lipr^combe, G. 296;
LiAton, J. 245; LiverpooU dr.-cotM.
294; Lo^ier, J. B, 2<37 ; Lover, rors.
297 ; Loxdnle, J. 248 ; Lumlcy. hon.
S, H. 297; Lutnley, mnj..gcn. m
J. R, 243; Luxcombe, rt. rev. M,
280

Maoaulay, H* W . 287 ; Macgregor,
I bdy, 249 ; MargTe^ror. ^n W, 248 ;
^^ MarKinnon, mrs. 298: Maebren. oiL
B J. '2iUi Matster, H. W. 2^3^; Mnn-
^m nvjy^, lady, 296; Mant, lady, 248 ^

■ Marsh. J. 262 ; Mnrtin, lt..fMl. R. F,
^ 267; Martyn, inrs. 314; Majtwell,

mre, 296 ; .Mayo, rev. C. 243 ; Met-

caJf. lord, 2H2; .McGregor, B. 298;

M^Nevin, D. 267 ; Milter; sir W, 254;

Mitchell, geo. G. 314; Money, rev.

E. K, 238; Mtmre, bon. mrs' 286;

Moore, re?. J, 262 ; Mcwre, rt, hon,

A. 234; Montajfue, hoii. miss, 262;

Morgan, coi J. 297; Mnunt'iandford,

lord, 287 ; Muirbcad, ludy, 262 ; Mur.
jiwy, H. 243; Murray, sir G. 270;

Muskerry, baroness, 287 ; Morgan, sir
fC. 303

Naylor, T. 290; Ncwby, rev, G.
•233; Newcomc, rev, W.255; Nichols,
. mm, 237 ; Nighiiripale, mt C. 304
Ongley, bon. P. H. 281 ; Osborne,

hon. 6. A. G. 254; (Hnav, sir R. W.
► 254; Owen Jt -gen. R. 2^5

Pakenbam, T. 294; Park, A. 250;

P-irtia, fnni. 238; Paiicoc, J. 2^38;

PaterKHi, R, 253; Paaton, lady, iJOl ;

Penfold, rev. G. S. 293; Pennant,

Deaths — eontiHued,
lady. 301 ; PblUips gen, sir C. 262 ;
Phiiloir, U.-C(il. J. 297 ; Plunkelt, bon.
E. R. 256; Portal, W, 24 J ; Praed,
W. T. 266 ; Presrnn, ladv, 280 ; PfM-
ton, sir R, 281; Prichard, H. 299;
Prinj?, D, 299; Prussia, priocesa W.
ot; 249 ; Purcell. P. 256

RamFay, lady, 237; Reade, lady,
312: Reigo, canon, 296; Richarcb,
R. V. 265; Rodney, baron, 255;
Rollo. lord, 315 ; Romney, elites. 261 ;
Rase, mm, 2^)8; Rotljes, dr.-cnt^ifi.
255; Rowlea, S, 314; Rowley, adm.
sir C. 2a5; Rycroft. sir H.292; Ru*-
aelK maj,-gen/lord, G. W. 267

Salro-Saltn, printe uf, 281 ; Salt-
marsbe, P. 299; Samo, J. 245; Sa-
mrmt?llt*, G. 241 ; Saunders, gen. S.
248; Sbee, mrv 253; Shellev, lady,
280; ShortaU. It -gen. J. 304'; Sim-
mons, R. 285; Skipsey, r.-adra. W.
245; Slade, capt. J, r. n, 296; Smith,
capL T, r. n. 236; Sorell, iL-coK air
T. 247; St, Asapb, bishop of, 284;
Stewart, P. M. 296; Stilling fleet, rev,
H. A. 2S2; Stourton, lord, 302;
Strathmore, earl, 281 ; 8tuart, D. ^0;
Sutton, F. H. 256; Swale, col. R*
303 ; Svdenhatti, J. jun. 301 ; Sykea,
lady, 255

taddv, mrs. 280 ; Tagore, b^ihrn D.
272; falboi, J. 252; Talbot, lacjy,
247; Taylor, rt. bon. sir B 294;
Tegg, T." 252; Templetown, %iK-t,
286 ; Tbomond, marq. 279 ; Thomp-
son, lady, 282; Tindiil, fir N. C, 265;
Toker, capt, T. R. 264 ; Tonna, mrs,
267; Trench, adm. hon. W. C. P,
275; Trenrhard. W. T, D. 285;
Trcvelyan, sir J. 256; Tufiiell, ban.
mre. 261 ; Turner, mrs. 304 ; Tnrner,
sir E. 293

Ude, E. 249; Uniacke, N, F. 304

VaNuiU, eapt. sir ^. L. H. 258 ;
Vavasour, C. 252

Watle, col. T. F. 301 ; Wakefield,
eapt. G. 238; W«kefield, D. 269;
Wttlde^rave, earl of, 289 ; Walker,
W. 286 ; Waller, T. O. 241 ; Wal-
ton, rev. J. 251 ; Warburton, rev. R.
E. 255; Ward, G. R. M. 256; Ward,
R. P. 274; Weld, P. 2^0; West-
minster, march. 300; West wood, R,
299; Wethetell, sir C, 276; Welk
mn. 234; Whithend, lady, 299;
White r.^dm. T. 297 ; Whiimore, T.
240; WTiittingham. J. 279; Wildman,
poL R. 248; Williams, sir J. 284;
Wmebe*ler, lt.-<-oL R. 270; Winter-
ton, dr.-cntw». 296; Wbdehouse, lord,

INDEX.

Deaths— con/mvecf.
257; Wolseley. iir C. 291 ; Wombell,
•ir G. 296; Wood, wr F. L. 815;
Wordsworth, rev. C. ^; Wyndhwn,
J. C. 241; Wynn, G.281.

Yarborougb, earl, 281 ; Yoimge, mr.
297

England — Apparent securitj; sudden
break up of Sir R. Peel's GoTerDment;
its causes, viz. the fiiilure of the potato
crop, and the consequent removal of
the Com Laws, [2] ; Lord John Rus-
sell receives Her Majesty's commands
to form a Government, [3] ; he fails,
and Sir R. Peel returns to office as an
opponent of the Com Laws, [31; ex-
amination of his motives, [3] ; Parlia-
ment opened by Her Majesty in per-
son, [4] - see Pablument

Execution of Martha Browning, 4; of
Bryan Seery, at Mullingar, 19; of
Yarham, the Yarmouth murder, 58

Finance Accounts — L Public Income,
376; ii. Public Expenditure, 378;
iii. Disposition of Grants, 379; iv.
Unfunded Debt, 389; v. Public
Funded Debt, 390; vi. Trade and
Navigation, 392

Fires — at Newcastle, 23; in Liverpool,
34 ; in Crawford Street, four lives lost,
51 ; extraordinary fire at Dublin, 57 ;
conflagration of St John's, Newfound-
land, 85; conflagration at Soharo, 101 ;
at Liverpool, 110; at Liverpool and
Greenock, 137; at the Croydon rail-
way station, 141 ; in Kent Street,
Southwark, 152 ; the Garrick theatre
bumt, 167; at Bedford, 168; extensive
conflagration 170; conflagration at
Gravesend, 178 ; the steamer Shannon
bumt, 189; Flixton Hall destroyed,
190; at Irongate Wharf, 202

France — Opening of the Chambers,
triumph of Ministers on the election
of President, [220] ; address of the
Chamber of Peers to the King, [220] ;
discussions on the address, finance,
[2211 ; the Syrian Christians, speech
of M. Guixot, [222] ; address carried,
[224] ; the King's reply, [225] ; ad-
dress of the Chamber of Deputies,
[225] ; debate thereon, charges of cor-
mption, speeches of M. Come Ley-
rand, Peyraraont, Dueh&tel, Duver-
gier d'Hauranne, [226 to 2281; fo-
reign policy, speech of M. Thiers [228] ;
of M. Guizot in reply, [233]; M.
Billault, [235] ; discussion on the para-
graphs— amendment of M. Isambert —

France— -coA^tmiadL
charfitcs of corruption, [295]; ferafi
policy, amendiBent moved br M. Bo-
ryer, [2961; replj of BL Gam,
[237]; amicable rdstioiM with bg-
land, MM. Remumt, ThierB, Gtanl,
[2391 ; tbe slave trade and ligM «f
search, MM. Billault, Pteyraamat, [910
to 242] ; a£bin of the Rk> de la Fte.
[242] ; Mada«»oar> MBI. VUet, Qd-
cut, [248] ; Poland, MM. de ~
tine, Guiiot. [2441 ;
reply of the King, [245] ; GovcnnaC
TOtronage, remarkable HMeoh of SL
Thiers, [247] ; reply of 11 Guint.
[250] ; secret service money bifl, ifxed
of M. de Montalembert, [251]; rqih
of M. Guizot, [252] ; view tafcoi by
the French of the EnglHrii firee-liade
measures, speech of the Ifioiila' of
Commerce, [252] ; and of M. Gmaot,
[254] ; attack of M. Tliien oo the
poli<nr of the Ministry, [255] ; ndf
of M. Guixot, [256] ; attempt of U-

comte to assassinate the King, Us liiil
and execution, [2661— ^ae Chmick
—and of Henri, [266] ; esospe of
Prince Louis Napoleon from Haoi,
[267] ; the Chambers disBoIved, fese-
ral etectaon, and speech of the Ring to
the New Chambers, [267] ; eleelioa of
President, [2681; dreadtful inundrtioai
and scarcity, [268] ; marriage of tbe
Due de Montpensier to the In&nti
Louisa, [269] ; marruige of the Doe
de Bourdeaux with a prineess of Mo-
dena, [269]
France — Abd-el-Kader defeated by Ge-
neral Jussuf, 7 ; dreadful sufleringi oft
French force under General Levsswur,
7; fsli of a viaduct at Bareotin, 10;
attempt of Lecomte to assassinate the
King, 64; attempt of Henri, lid;
trial of Henri, 122; food riots, 148;
great flood, rise of the Rhone and tbe
Loire, 162

Geneva — Civil war in ; city attacked b?
the insurgents, the State Council resifn,
152

Great BRTTAnr — See Englakd and
Parliament

Greece — The King's speech on opening
the Chambers, [299] ; the addresses in
reply unfavourable to the Colletti
Ministry, [8011 ; extraordinary state-
ment of the Minister of Fmance, ter-
mination of the Session, and reopened,
speech of the King, [303]

Gun cotton, discovery of, by Professor
SchOnbein, 203

INDEX.

Haydoiir Mr. — Crilicism of his pictorea,
"The Banishment of Aiistidei/* and
•* Nero at the Baminj^ of Rome/* 59 ;
hii meUncholy »uieide^ 91 ; meefittg
OD behalf of hw family, 96

Hifnhijii Pmba, vmt of bis Highnees to
this country^ hi» progreM, 84

India — The Sikht retreat upon the SuU
lej after the battle of Ferozesimh* [355] ;
proclamation of the Governor- Greneral
to the protected Slates, [356] ; opera-
tions of Sir Harry Smith, openx com-
mmii cation with Loodiana afiTer a ftevere
skirmiiih, attacks and totallv defeat a the
Sikh» At the brilliunt battle of Aliwal,
[357] ; the Sikh forces concentrated in
the entrenched camp at Sobraon are
there attacked by the united British
foroes;, and totally defeated, wi(h itn-
ineiwe Bkugfater/ [360] ; the British
forces cross the Suilej, proelatnatton of
the Governor- General, [3G3] j the
Sikh Goveroment seeks peaoe, the
rajah surrenders, ttrms of the peace,
[365] ; Lahore occnpied, [366] j the
definitive treaty, [308] ; arranf^metita
with Gholab Sinph. [371]; rajah Lall
Singh deposed, [371]

India^The overland mail of January,
16; of Febmiiry, victories of Moodkee
and Ferojteshah, 24 ; of March, 41 j
of March, battle of Aliwal. 62; of
March, battle of Sobraon, 57 ; prayer of
thaolugiiring for these victories, 61 j the
British army enter Lahore, sarrender
oflhc MahnRiJah, 65

Ireland — Addresses to the Queen rci«pect-
ing the failure of the polato crop, from
London and Dublin, 2\ murder of
Mn Carrick at Ennis, .50 ; fetal alTrav
at Bird Hili, Tipperary, 76 ; state of,
119 J poisoning in Kildare, 1*24; failure
of the j>otato crop, 132i great disturb-
ances m, 147 ; conflict between the
police ttnd whitebojs, ICUi disturb*
ed state of, 170; sale of ipe-arms,
196

Italy — See Papal States

Law and PoUcc^Trial of two waitere
for robbery at the Trafalgar Hmel, 5 ;
trial of Thomas Smith aod Anne Jones
for a robbery at Camberwell, 9 ; foes
to barristers' clerks, judgment of Lord
Langdalc, T5 ; of Br^an Seery at Mul-
lingar, 19 ; theatricuil engagements.
Grant v. Maddox, 23 ; trial of Captain
Jobnstone of the Tory, 26 ; trial of Mr,
Pyro, the Goaport duel, 42; of Mar-
garet Stoker for infiintkide, 43; of

Law and Police— con/iniw//.

Elizabeth Butcher for infajriticidet 45^
of Mary Goodall for procuring abor-
tion, at Nottingham, 48; Pcmbcrton
17. Collins, slander, 56 \ extraordinary
trial for bigamy at Dublin, Regina v.
Mary Anne Scott, 63; homicide in
Drury-lane, 66 ; illegal marriages of a
Bomaa Catholic and a Protectant by a
Roman Catholic clergyman, 70] out-
ran in Pear-street, Westminster, 74 ;
poisonings at Runcorn, 75 ; trial of
Lieutenant Hawkey, the Gosport duel,
109', law of Life Assurance, 116; trial
of Henri, the regicide, 122 ; poisoning
in Kildare, 124; selling poisonous
berries, death of two persons, 126 ;
extraordinary forgery, examination of
Captain Richardson, 128 ; suicide of
Colonel Thornton, charged with fnr-

fery, 131 ; forgery of railvvav scrip,
40 ; forged notes^ 153 ; manslaughter
in Spitalfields, 158; robbery b) two
men In women's clothes, 172; a Iroy
thrown from the gallery of the Totten-
ham-street Theatre, 192
Law Casks — Trial of Lecomte for an
attempt to asaassinate the Kiug of the
French, 3S4; majrriagewiih a deceased
wife's sister, trial of John Chadwick for
bigamy, 341 ; Mar>' Elizabeth Smith
V. Earl Ferrers, breach of promise of
marriage, 349 j trial of Samuel Yar-
ham for murdier at Yarmouth, 363;
the Berwick Bank robbery, trial of
Mt«, ThoTDSon, 371

Marhiageb, 21 B

Mkteorologicat, Table, 423

M»:xJco — Revolutionary movement. Ge-
neral Herrera resigns, and General
Paredes succeeds tfl the Presidency,
[347] ; the American Minister quits
Mexico, and war declared, [347] ;
Ssnta Anna exiled at Ha v anna, the
Americans invade Mexico, take Mala*
moras, and defeat the Mesi^lOi at
Pala Alto, [348J ; take Mofilofey after
a desperate resistance, [S491 i Santa
Anna recalled . and resumes me Presi-
dency, bis manifesto, [3491 ; progtvas
of the American arms, [350 J

Mexico, The war in — battle of Palo
A\Uy, 87

Ministry, list of the, as it stood at Sir
R. Peel's resign ad on, 205 ; as formed
by Lord John Russell, 206

M I SCEI'LANEOUS— Floods in Wales, 3 i
addresses to her Majesty fixim the Cor-
porations of London and Dublini 2;
military rewards — the new regulations

INDEX.

MiBcellaneous— coiiftiiif€(2.
4 ; the railway mania, its height, 10 ;
its fidl, 53 ; list of subscribers to rail-
ways under 2,00021, 1 1 ; rating of Prince
Albert's &nn, 12 ; extraordinary mor-
tality in a family, 13 ; fees to barristers*
clerks, judgment of Lord Langdale,
15; antiquities under Covent-garden
market, 16 ; siege operations at Chat-
ham, 17 ; &tal affray with poachers at
Saltram, 18 ; fluctuations of the funds,
22; the electrical girl, 23; railway
deposits, 30; Westminster election, 35 ;
South Notts' election, 35 ; Prince Wal-
demar of Prussia at Ferozeshah, 38;
action by Belany, at Newcastle, 39;
Nottingham election, 41; Bridport
election, 45; our wooden walls, the
BeUerophon and the Cakuita, 47;
General Tom Thumb, SO; Sir Harry
Smith, sketch of the services of, 52 ;
fuiaticism, *Mhe unknown tongues,'*
54 ; marriage in Hanover, 55 ; Oxford
and Cambrid^ boat race, 58; inge-
nious smuggbng, 59; Mr. Haydon's
pictures, 59; prayer of thanksgiving
for the victories in India, 61 ; eruptions
of Mount Hecla, 69 ; Falkirk election,
69; clandestine marriage of Lady
Anna Grenville, 71 ; shocking traeedy
at Battersea Bridge, 72 ; Royal Aca-
demy exhibition, 73; sale of toe Duval
collection of pictures, 76 ; escape of
Prince Louis Napoleon from Ham, 79 ;
Epsom races, 80 ; the Saltmarshe gal-
lery of pictures, 83; visit of Ibrahim
Pasha, 84; Ascot races, 86; sale of
the Upcott manuscripts, 90; thunder
storms, 97 ; resignation of Sir Robert
Peel, 98 ; the Oregon settlement, 98 ;
grand review in Hyde Park, 99 ; the
reflections, 103 ; extraordinary flight
of butterflies, 105; flogging in the
army, 105 ; troop ship in a hurricane,
1 13 ; christening of the infant princess,
113; attempt of Henri to assassinate
the King or the French, 113; Good-
wood races, 113; Prince Albert's visit
to Liverpool, 114; great hail storm in
London, immense damage, 114; de-
structive flood at Bristol, 117; decay
of Westminster Bridge, 118; earth-
quakes at Leghorn, 119; inauguration
of the Scott monument, 119; union of
the Rhine and the Danube by the
Ludwig's Canal, 128 ; progress of com-
mercial reform among foreign states,
132; address to Sir R. Peel from
Elbing, 133 ; fatal poaching affray near
Newton Abbott, 135; Doncaster races,
138 ; election of Lord Mayor, 144 ;

Bfiaoellaneoua — confMnwdL
the Wellington 0tatue placed qb Ae
arch at Hyde Park Corner, 144; fana
of prayer in this time of acaidty, 14S;
Borneo, attack on the pintes, 146;
hurricane at the Havaniuh, 154; o-
traordinary oocurrenoe in a 1^11117
carriage, 155 ; the CaucanB» deSett of
the Ruasians, 160; dimtroat Horai,
160 ; gallant rescue of the crew of a
French ship, 161 ; nxxiel dweUrag far
the working classes, 165 ; Tmlent ^lo,
several wrecks, 177 ; nulwwj oonpoi.
sation, 500£. for a broken leg; 179; a
runawsjr looomotiTe, 179; extoaonii-
nary afilair at Nottinfffaam, a dead chOd
sent in a basket, 181 ; experiaMBU
with Captain Wamer*s long range, 18S;
the proctors of Cambric^e, 184; Ibe
financial crisis of 18S9, the Bsok of
En^nd and the Bank of F^wxse, 186;
hurricane at Grenoa, ld9; the sab-
marine telegraph at Portsniottth, 191 ;
the weather, sereral penoos Ihneo
to death, 193 ; law ol^oopjiwfac, the
Encyrlop€tdia JBriiatuata^ 196; uk
of SBther in surgery, 199; conrt-oiir-
tial, loss of H. M. S. O^M-iy, 900;
the weather, 202 ; discovery of gim
cotton, 203

Monte Video — Gallant action betweeo
the English and the Freodi aquadroo,
and Rosas* batteries, 21 ; continuanee
of the blockade by the Buenos Ayreans,
intervention of the English and rVeoob
Governments, [352]; mediation fiuk,
gallant action between the batteries of
Rosas and the combined squadron at
Puente Obligado, [358] ; aooouot of
the action with the batteriefl» 21

Mortality, table oC 423

Murders— Of Helen Stark, and suidde of
the murderer, 31 ; of James fiostock,
in Drury. Lane, 32 ; of his children, by
M. Horeau, and suicide, 34 ; of Mr.
Carrick, at Ennis, 50 ; in Druiy Lane,
66; shocking tragedy at JBiattenea
Bridge, 72; poisonings at Runcorn,
75; wholesale poisonings in Norfolk,
77; murder and suicide in Widegate
Street, Whitechapel, 83; of a poUoe-
man, at Dagenham, 101 ; at the Guiki-
hall Coffee House, 120; at Chester-
field, 136; at Little Benton, 151; of
his wife and servant, by Mr. O* Grady,
in Limerick, 167; shocking murder
and suicide in the Thames, 195

New Zealand— General diwatisfaction
caused by the government of Captain
Fitzroy, [386]; he is displaced and

INDEX.

I

^
¥

fe

New Zealand — conHimed.
succeeded by Captain Greji his speeeli
to the Legislatiye Council, [o87] ;
operatfons against tlie native rebel
coiefo, Mogular capture of Heki's pah,
[3801 1 the native* submit, [390]

New Zealand, the war in; capture of
Heki's pah, 87

Nova Scotia — Speech of Lord Falk-
land on opening; the LegiAlativc Se»-
iioii, [381 J ; and at \U close, [3B2]

Papal States, The— Death of Pope
Gregory XVL, election of Cardinal
Madtei Ferretti (Pius lX.)i [*298] ; the
new Pope proclaims an amnestr for
poHtical offenders, [299] ; (jreat popu-
Urity of the new Pontifl, [299]

PAttLlAMBKT — Sudden break up of Sir
R, Peel'i Government ; its cause*, the
fiiilure of the potato crop, and conse-
gucnt removal of the Corn Laws, [2] ;
Lord John Russell receives Her Ma-
jesty'* command to fonm a Ministry,
but fails, and Sir K. Peel resumes of>
fice as an opponent of the Com Law^
rS] J examination of hi« motive*, [3] ;
Parliament opened by Her Majesty ;
Her speed] from tbe Throne* [4] ; in
the Lorda, addresis moved by Lord
Howe, and seconded by Lord De Roa,
and adopjed, [6]; the Duke of Rich-
mond originates a discussion on the
conduct of Government ; he is fol-
lowed by tbe Duke of Wellington,
Lord Stanley, Marquis of Lansdowne^
Lord Brougham, and others, [6] ; in
the Commonsj Lurd F» Ejjerton
move^f and !^Ir> B. Deni^on seconds,
the address, [8] ; Sir It. Peel enters
into a long eitplanaliuti of bis views
and motives, and of the transactions
attending his resignation, [9] ; Lord
John Russell makes a similar state-
ment, [15] i Mr Disraeli and Mr-
Miles make a severe attack on Sir R.
PeePi conduct, ['22 h address carried
without a division, [23] ; Minisleria!
explanation in the House of Lords by
the Duke of Wellington, [23] i the
Marquis of Lansdowne announces his
abandonment of a fixed dutv, [26]

The Con, Bill— Sir R Peel unfolds

his scheme of commercial and financial

[29] ; its reception by the

[36]; on motion for commil-

tee, Mr, P. Miles moves that the House

E^o into committee that day six months,
^7] ', a debate of twelve nights fol-
ows, forty>eight members speaking
against, and fifty live in favour of, the
Vol, LXXXVIIL

pohcf.

House,

Pari iamen t— con/iw ued.
amendment ; digest of the pnneipal
speeches ; amendment rejectea by 337
against 240, [6B] ; House in commit-
tee, Mr. \'ilUer9 moves the total abo-
lition of the corn duties, [69] ; rejected
by a large majority, [72] ; further dis-
cussions', [72]; tbe second reading oc-
casions a four nights* debate, [72] ;
Sir R. Peel's reply to attacks maoe on
him, [73]; carried by 302 to 214,
[74] ; further discussions. House in
committee, Lord G. Benti nek's
amendment, [74] ; on the bringing
up of the report, [75] ; the third
reading carried by 327 to 229, [701 ;
debate upon the Com Bill in ine
House of Lords ; the Earl of Ripon
moves the second reading, [77] ; the
Duke of Richmond moves that it be
read a second time that day six months,
[78] ; debate i second reading carried
by 211 to 164, [94]; Hou^e in com-
mittee; amendment of the Duke of
Buckingham, [941; of the Earl of
Wicklow, [951 ; the Report, amend-
ment of Lord Aihburton, [96] ; the
tbird reading carried without a division.

n

The Customs" Duti^ Bill — Discus-
Rons on various articles of the new
Tariff, [100]; hops, silks, [100]; fo-
reign spirits, [1051; live animnl*^,
[105] ; timber, [107] ; the third read-
ing; amendment of Lord George
Bentinck, [111]; amendment with-
drawn* and Bill (jab&cdt [114] ; debate
on the second reading in the Hou5€ of
Lords, [Il4j; the Duke of Richmond
move^ that the si Ik -weavers be beard
by counsel at the bar, [116] ; in com-
mittee. Lord Stanley attacks the Bill
generally, various clauses carried,
[118]; Duke of Richmond moves the
omission of the silk duties clause,
[UBJ; Bill read a third time, [119]

The Budget— The Chancellor of the
Excheriucr makes his 6nancia] statc-
raeut, [119]; remarked upon by va-
rioii!^ Members, [122]

Ireland — Murders and outrages in
that country, [Pi'i]; the EaH of Sl
Germans introduces the Protection tor
Life Bill, which passes, with amend-
ments, [123 — 127]; received in the
Commons with determined opposiiion,
[1271; motion fur leave cxirried, [129];
Sir James Graham moves the finst
reading, [130]; a fterce discussion of
several nights ensues; Bill carried bj^
majority of 149, [135]; the second
2 K

INDEX.

Pwiiament— eoiihiiiiaii.
reading moted ;. protracted tfiscanion ;
digest of speeches, \IS5 to 1521;
CO the division, the Goyemment de-
ieeted by a majority of 73, [152] ; re-
markable coincidence, that the Com
Bill P*SM» the Lords, the news of
the Oregon Treaty, and the destruc-
tion of the Ministry occur on the
flame day, [152] ; Sir R. Peel and
his colleagues resign, [152] ; Sir R.
Peel*s M)eech on announcing his resig-
nation, [1.53]

Formation of Lord John Russeirs
Ministry, [161] ; their intended policy,
and discussion thereon, [162 to 167] ;
the Sugar Duties, Lord J. Russell pro-
poses a plan for a permanent settle-
ment, [167]; amendment of Lord
George Bentinck, and debate, [173] ;
resolutions carried by a large majority,
[135] ; debate on the first reading in the
Lonu, [185] ; Lord Stanley moves an
amendment, [187]; first reading car-
ried. [191] ; second reading opposed
by the bishops of Oxford and London,
but carried, [191]

The Arms BUI (Ireland) adopted by
Lord J. Russell, [193] ; great dissatis-
faction, and long discussion, ri94];
second reading carried, but Lord John
Russell announces the abandonment of
the Bill, [197] ; discussions arising
from the failure of the potato crop in
Ireland ; Lord J. Russell proposes the
Public Works Bill, [198] ; discussion
in the Lords, [200] ; further ief^isla-
lative measures, [i^] ; flogging in
the army. Capt. Layard moves an ad-
dress on the subject, [203] ; a limiting
order issued by the Commander-in-
Chief, [2051; Dr. Bowring's motion
for total abolition of the practice, and
debate, [2071 ; motion rejected, [209];
statement of^the Duke of Wellmgton
in the House of Lords, [209] ; occu-
pation of Cracow; Lord Beaumont
moves for papers ; speeches of the mar-
quis of Lansdowne, and others, [2101 ;
mr. Hume makes a similar motion in the
Commons, debate, [212] ; Sees of St
Asaph and Bangor ; Earl Powis brings
in a Bill, [213] ; debate on the second
reading, which is carried, [216] ; Bill
withdrawn, [216] ; the Poor Laws, the
Law of Settlement, [217]; Local
Courts Bill, [217] ; Parliament pro-
rni^ued by commission ; the Lord Com-
missioners' speech, [217]
Patknts, List of, 472

POETHY, 477

Poland -^ Inurveetiae id
massacres in the Circle of Ttawm.
[304] ; organised in Cnoow, where s
provisional govemmeMl b formed, mi
the city it consc^uentl v occupied by Ike
nd I

Austrians, [304] ; and by the L

and Pnisuana, [306] ; e<iiet of the Ea-
peror of Austria annezinir Cracow to
the Imperial dominions, 1905]; citr
taken possession of by Count Gaslif.
Hone, his manifesto announcing the
determination of the three Powm—
extinction of the last remnant of Pdiib
nationality. [807]

Pope, death of his Holiness Pope Gre-
gory XVI., 86 ; election of Canfiasl
Mastei(Piua IX.), 90

PoRTaoAL — The Cortes opened by s
royal speech, [2941 ; insurrectioo in
the Upper Minho, t295] ; the Cabial
Mini8d7 dissolved ; eatraordinaiy cod-
vocation of the Grand Cortes ; siapa-
tion of cash payments by the Bank of
Lisbon, [296] ; ministrr of die Doke
of Palmella, [296] ; ministry of the
Marquis of Saldanha, [2971 ; ezteo-
sion of the ciTil war, and rebels deiiesied
at Vianai S4 da Banciiera near Chaves,
[297] ; the Duke de Palmella takes re-
luge on board an English man-of-wv,

Promotions, 316

Public DocuiiCNTS — Finance Aoooaoti
for the year 1846, 376; list of pubKc
and general Acts passed during Sessioo
1846, d95; local and personal Ads,
399 ; private Acts printed^ 417 ; prices
of stock, 421 ; average prices of corn,
hay, straw, clover, and butchers* meat,
4!& ; tables of mortality, bankrupts, and
meteorology, 423 ; University honoois,
Oiford, 424; Cambridge, ^; tables
of the Com and Customs* Duties, 428;
the broad and narrow gauge ; extracts
from the Report of the Commisaioners,
435

Queen, The — Addresses to, from the
Corporations of London and Dubtin, 2;
birth of a princess, 78 ; christening of
the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria,
113; visits the Channel Islands, and
Cornwall, 121 ; visits the Marquis of
Salisburv at Hatfield, 162 ; visits the
Duke oi Norfolk at Arundel, 181

Raiiways^-The railway mania, its rise, 10;
its iail, 53 ; railway subscribers under
2000/., list of, 11; railway deposits,
.')0 ; 500/. damages awarded to Mr.
Shillibcer for a broken leg, 179

Rio de la Plata, gallant action trith Ronaa*
balterie* on ihe Parana, 21, — See
Monte Vujko

Robberies — at the Trafalgar Hotel, 5;
burglaries at Hull, 49 ; extensive rob-
bery at Liverpool, 76 ; of the Berwick
Bank, 123; at Ealing, 157; and at-
tempted murder of Mr. M*Oill at
Knutsford, 159 j by a younpr French-
woman, 170; by two men in women *s
clotbes, 172 ; bighway robbery and at-
tempted murder at Hertford, 187

Sale of the cburcb of St. Bennet Fink,

14
Scotland, destitution in, 198
SaiiRtFFS for the year 1646, 207
Sbipwrocki— Of we Caiaraqui^ four hun-
dred live« lost, 25 ; of th« Bmcoolm^Sl ;
of Ibc Great Liverpool, 36 ; colli»ion»
Ibo WaitTwitcK 58 ; of tlie Mary^ 60 ;
coUliton in the Mersey, awful low of
life ; the Sea Nymph and the Rambler ^
01 ; itranding >/lhe Grtnt Briimn, 139;
three sleamer» on shore together, 167 ;
of the Cape Packet and miuisacre of
the crew, 168 ; eollbioos of the Albion
and the City of ZrOndo/it steamer, and
the Duke ojf Clarence and an American
bark, 174; the Scepfre, Je.%me, Tor-
rance, Ajar, steamer, Neucaatle^ steam-
er, Sea Lark^ and many other vcsseU
damaged during violent galea, 177;
coUiaion of the Sultana and Maria.
steamers, on the Mississippi, many lives
lo«t, 177; the Atlantic, steamer, of
New York, forty lives lost, 179; the
barque Hope^ and dreadful suffenni^
of the crew, 190^ loss of H.M, §.
O^prwyt and court-martial on the offi-
cers and crew, 200
Smithy Sir Harry, iiketch of the serfices

of, 52
Spain — Que^ion of the Queen's mar*
riai^e, [270] ; debates in tlie Senate on
the addjre&i; di»«enBion» with the Paoal
See, [27 1] I ipeech of Siffnor Cdde-
ron, [273 J; oontcfl* for tTie yueen*9
hand ; manifesto of Don Enrique, be is
obliged to quit Spain, [*275] ; resigna-
tion «f General Warvaei ; un&ucce*Rful
iittempLi lo form a ministry bv M.
de Viluma, and De Miraflorcs, [^77];
the latter overthrown, and General Nar-
vaei resumeft office ; his arbiirary pro-
ceedings, [279] ; decree suspeuiltng the
liberty of the prew, [279]; bre-afc up
of the Narvaex ministry, ["^2] ; revo-
lutionary movements in Gaticia sup.

W

Spain — continued.

Queen's marriage discussed by the Ca-
bineU of France and England, [283] ;
notes of the diflTerent partics^-the Bri-
tish Government plead the Treaty of
Utrecht, [285] ; arrangement that the
Queen shall marry Don Franciiroo
d'Assii, and the In&nta Louisa the Due
de Montpensier, [286] ; manifesto of
the Count de Montemoltn, son of Don
Carlos, [2871 f solemnization of the
marriages at tfie same time, [289] ; the
Due and Duchess de Montt^ensier
depart for Paris, [290]; the Jfituritz
Mmistry broken up* [291]; opening of
the new Cortes, and Speech from the
Throne, [291]

State Paper — Treaty between Her
Majesty and the tnited States of
America, for the settlement of the
Oregon Boundary, 453

Stocks— Table of the lowest and highest
prices for each month, 421

TtJBKEY^ — Massaere of the Ncstoriansi
tlie plague in Asia, 180

United States — Discussions in the Se-
nate on the Oregon Question ; speeches
of Messrs, Hannegan, Colquitt* Dix and
Benton, [?X)9] ; effect of the Queen's
Speech on the debates in Congrcjis ;
speeches of Me«n. Dayton, AUai», and
Cass, [312] J "joint resolutions" pro-
posed by Mr, Colquitt ; speeches of
Mr. Webster and Crittenden, [313];
resolutions for giving notice to put an
end to the joint occupation of the ter-
ritory, passed by the House of Repre-
sentatives, [314] ; substituted reaolu.
tion adopted by the Senate, [3]5]j
spedal mesisagc of the President recom-
mending increased military prepara-
tions, [315] ; debate in the Senate on
the Oregon question ; i^peeches of
Messrs. Hey wood, Hannegan, and Cal-
houn, [316] ; resolution moved by
Mr. Clayton ; ?peeches of Meisrs.
Wcbsier, Cas*, Benton, and Hanne-
gan, [320] ; resolution carried in the
Senate authorizing ibe President to
give notice of the term i nation of the
joint occupanc)' if he think propvr,
[324 to 3261; a Bill patij^d for the
occupation of the Oregon Territory,
[326J ; amicable compromise of the
question offered by Lord Aberdeen,
and a4x:epted by the Senate and Pre-
sident, [327] ; war declared iigflin*t
Meaico, [326] : New Taritf BilJ.

INDE

Un

[928]; Mr. Bancroft apponitod Mi. r
««• of the qwtfi^^Sr^— ^'

G. woodfiui «d sonTSto;;;;;^^!;^^;;;^

niiiii

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